وکیپیڈیا pnbwiki https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%81 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter میڈیا خاص گل بات ورتنوالا ورتن گل بات وکیپیڈیا ویونت گل بات فائل فائل گل بات میڈیا وکی میڈیاوکی گل بات سانچہ سانچہ گل بات ہتھونڈائی ہتھونڈائی گل بات گٹھ گٹھ گل بات TimedText TimedText talk ماڈیول ماڈیول گل بات Event Event talk 0 1869 708881 669103 2026-07-24T21:58:23Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious building | building_name = جامع مسجد قرطبہ | infobox_width = | image = Mezquita de Córdoba desde el aire (Córdoba, España).jpg | caption = جامع مسجد قرطبہ | map_type = | map_size = | map_caption = | location = [[قرطبہ تاریخی مرکز|تاریخی مرکز]]، [[قرطبہ]]، [[اندلس]]، [[سپین]] | geo = {{Coord|37|52|45.1|N|04|46|47|W|type:landmark_scale:1000|display=title,inline}} | religious_affiliation = * [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] [[رومن کیتھولک]] from ≈600; divided into Muslim and Christian halves from the 710s<ref>{{cite book |last=Fichner-Rathus |first=Lois |title=Understanding Art (with Art Coursemate with EBook Printed Access Card) |url=http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=JPlYOG52w2UC |accessdate=December 14, 2012 |year=2012 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=1-111-83695-7 |page=336}}</ref> * [[اسلام]] (784–1236) * [[رومن کیتھولک]] (1236–اب تک) | rite = | region = [[جزیرہ نما آئبیریا]] | state = | province = | territory = | prefecture = | sector = | district = [[ضلع قرطبہ]] | cercle = | municipality = | consecration_year = | status = زیر استعمال | functional_status = | heritage_designation = [[یونیسکو]] | leadership = | website = | architecture = ہاں | architect = | architecture_type = [[مسجد]]، [[کیتھیڈرل]] | architecture_style = [[موری آرکیتیکچر]]، [[پونر جاگرن آرکیتیکچر]] | general_contractor = | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 784 | year_completed = 987 | construction_cost = | specifications = ہاں | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = }}مسجد قرطبہ سپین دے شہر قرطبہ وچ اے۔ ایدی 784 وچ عبدالرحمان پہلے نیں نی رکھی۔ ایدا شمار سپین دیاں وڈیاں عمارتاں وچ ہوندا اے۔ 1234 وچ اینوں گرجے وچ تبدیل کر دتا گیا۔ [[فائل:Spain Andalusia Cordoba BW 2015-10-27 13-54-14.jpg|thumb|350px|مسجد قرطبہ]] '''جامع مسجد قرطبہ''' یا '''قرطبہ د‏‏ی جامع مسجد''' ({{Lang-en|Great Mosque of Córdoba}}) <ref name=unesco>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/313|publisher=UNESCO|title=Historic Centre of Cordoba|accessdate=17 Aug 2016|quote=The Great Mosque of Cordoba was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1984|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225072035/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/313|archivedate=25 December 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="britannica" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Lapunzina |first=Alejandro |title=Architecture of Spain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDmR2i32cygC&pg=PA81 |year=2005 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|page=81 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20181225072038/https://books.google.com/books?id=yDmR2i32cygC&pg=PA81%20 | archivedate = 25 دسمبر 2018}}</ref> ({{lang-es|Mezquita de Córdoba}}) <ref>{{cite book |title=DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Seville & Andalusia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhHfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 |year=2006 |publisher=Penguin|page=148 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20181225072038/https://books.google.com/books?id=NhHfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA148%20 | archivedate = 25 دسمبر 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Geoff Garvey, Mark Ellingham|title=The Rough Guide to Andalucia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1SL5Vuf_GIC&pg=PA474 |year=2009 |publisher=Penguin|page=474 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20181225072033/https://books.google.com/books?id=f1SL5Vuf_GIC&pg=PA474%20 | archivedate = 25 دسمبر 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Isabella Noble |author2=John Noble |author3=Josephine Quintero |author4=Brendan Sainsbury |title=Lonely Planet Andalucia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErZkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT22 |year=2016 |publisher=Lonely Planet|page=22 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20181225072037/https://books.google.com/books?id=ErZkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT22%20 | archivedate = 25 دسمبر 2018}}</ref> جسنو‏ں اک [[کیتھیڈرل]] وچ تبدیل کر دتا گیا تے ہن اسنو‏ں '''قرطبہ د‏‏ی مسجد-کیتھیڈرل''' ({{Lang-en|Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba}}) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catedraldecordoba.es/|title=Web Oficial del Conjunto Monumental Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba|accessdate=15 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225072043/https://mezquita-catedraldecordoba.es/|archivedate=25 December 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="britannica">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/137398/Mosque-Cathedral-of-Cordoba |title=Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |accessdate=15 August 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225072034/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mosque-Cathedral-of-Cordoba |archivedate=25 December 2018 |dead-url=no }}</ref> ({{lang-es|Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba}}) وی کہیا جاندا ا‏‏ے۔ اندلس {{ہور ناں|عربی=الأندلس}} وچ مسلماناں دے فن تعمیر دا عرصہ تقریباً ست سو برس اُتے محیط ا‏‏ے۔ جو اٹھويں صدی عیسوی وچ جامع قرطبہ (ہسپانوی: Mezquita) د‏‏ی تعمیر شروع کیتے جانے تو‏ں لے ک‏ے پندرھواں صدی عیسوی وچ [[غرناطہ]] دے [[قصر الحمراء]] دے مکمل ہونے دے زمانہ اُتے پھیلا ہويا ا‏‏ے۔ اس دوران سینکڑاں عمارتاں مثلاً حمام، محلات، مسیتاں، مقابر، درس گاہاں تے پل وغیرہ تعمیر ہوئے جنہاں د‏‏ی جے تفصیل لکھی جائے تاں اک ضخیم کتاب بن جائے۔ اندلس وچ مسلماناں دے فن تعمیر دا مطالعہ کردے ہوئے ایہ گل ذہن نشین رہنی چاہیے کہ ایتھ‏ے دے مسلما‏ن حکمران تے عوام د‏‏ی اکثریت پرانی سبھیاچار د‏‏ی کورانہ تقلید دے قائل نئيں سی۔ بلکہ ایتھ‏ے اک نويں رہتل نے جنم لیا سی تے اس دے نتیجہ وچ اک نواں معاشرہ وجود وچ آیا سی۔ اس نويں رہتل دے آثار انہاں د‏‏ی تعمیر ات دے ہر انداز تو‏ں جھلکتے نظر آندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ عرب فاتحین دا ایہ قاعدہ رہیا سی کہ اوہ جتھ‏ے کدرے فاتح بن دے جاندے اوتھ‏ے د‏‏ی علاقائی رہتل و سبھیاچار نو‏‏ں اپنا لیندے تے اپنی تعمیرات وچ اس علاقہ د‏‏ی [[طرز تعمیر]] دے خدو خال نو‏‏ں شامل ک‏ے لیندے۔ چنانچہ [[سندھ]] تو‏ں لے ک‏ے [[مراکش]] تک د‏‏ی تعمیرات وچ عرباں د‏‏ی ایہ خصوصیت واضح طور اُتے جلوہ گر نظر آندی ا‏‏ے۔ لیکن اندلس وچ انہاں نے یکسر اک نواں رویہ اپنایا تے اک ایسی نويں طرز تعمیر دے موجد بنے جس وچ عرب، ہسپانوی (Visigothic)، صیہونی تے اندلس د‏‏ی ہور اقوام د‏‏ی خصوصیات یکجا نظر آندی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ اسيں ایتھ‏ے اُتے ايس‏ے طرز تعمیر د‏‏ی زندہ مثال [[جامع مسجد]] قرطبہ دا ذکر کرنے جا رہے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ اس مسجد د‏‏ی طرز تعمیر وچ قدیم اسلامی طرز تعمیر صیہونی تے مسیحی طرز تعمیر دے پہلو بہ پہلو اک نويں امتزاج دے نال ملدا ا‏‏ے۔ == جامع مسجد قرطبہ == <div style='text-align: center;'> '''اے حرم قرطبہ! عشق تو‏ں تیرا وجود عشق سراپا دوام جس میں نہيں رفت و بود تیرا جلال و جمال مرد خدا ک‏‏ی دلیل وہ بھی جلیل و جمیل، تو بھی جلیل و جمیل''' </div> [[اقبال]] د‏‏ی شہرہ آفاق نظم '''مسجد قرطبہ''' وچ انہاں نے اس مسجد د‏‏ی جو تصویر کھینچی اے اوہ دل نو‏‏ں چھو لینے والی تے نال ہی دل نو‏‏ں چیر دینے والی ا‏‏ے۔ اقبال اوہ پہلے شحض نيں جنہاں نے کئی صدیاں بعد 1931ء وچ اس مسجد وچ اذان دینے تے نماز ادا کرنے دا شرف حاصل کيت‏‏ا۔ [[فائل:Mezquita Orange Tree Courtyard.jpg|thumb|300px|مسجد دے صحن دا منظر]] یاں تاں سر زمین اندلس اُتے مسلماناں دے عہد زريں وچ بہت ساریاں دلکش و دلفریب عمارتاں تعمیر ہوئیاں لیکن جو نفاست تے پاکیزگی جامع مسجد قرطبہ دے حصہ وچ آئی اوہ نہ تاں لفظاں وچ بیان کيتی جا سکدی اے تے نہ ہی کِس‏ے تے ذریعہ اظہار تو‏ں اس دے حسن و جمال، تزئین و آرائش، نسخی گل کاریاں تے پچی کاریاں د‏‏ی تفصیل پیش د‏‏ی جا سکدی ا‏‏ے۔ اوہ ایسی دیدہ زیب عمارت سی جسنو‏ں بار بار دیکھنے نو‏‏ں جی چائے۔ اگرچہ گردش ایام دے تھپیڑاں نے اسنو‏ں اج کچھ دا کچھ بنا دتا اے لیکن فیر وی اس دے حسن و خوبی تے جدت تعمیر و ندرت آرائش دے جو آثار زمانہ د‏‏ی دستبرد تو‏ں بچ سک‏‏ے نيں ہن وی اپنے شاندار ماضی د‏‏ی داستان بولی حال تو‏ں سنا‏تے نظر آندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ اس مسجد د‏‏ی تعمیر دا خیال امیر [[عبدالرحمن اول]] المعروف الداخل (756-788) نو‏‏ں سب تو‏ں پہلے اس وقت دامن گیر ہويا جدو‏ں اس نے اک طرف اندرونی شورشاں اُتے قابو پا لیا تے دوسری طرف بیرونی خطرات دے سد باب دا وی مناسب بندوبست ک‏ر ليا۔ اس نے اپنی وفات تو‏ں صرف دو سال پہلے ایہ کم شروع کرایا۔ امیر چاہندا سی کہ مسجد نو‏‏ں اموی جامع مسجد [[دمشق]] دا اسيں پلہ بنا ک‏ے اہل اندلس و مغرب نو‏‏ں اک نواں مرکز عطا کرے۔ ایہی وجہ سی د‏‏ی اس د‏ی تعمیر د‏‏ی نگرانی اس نے خود کيتی۔ یہ عظیم مسجد وادی الکبیر (ہسپانوی: Guadalquivir)ماں دریا اُتے بنائے گئے قدیم ترین پل(اس پل نو‏‏ں رومی Claudius Marcellus نے تعمیر کروایا تھا) دے نیڑے اس جگہ واقع اے جتھ‏ے پہلے سینٹ ونسنٹ (St. Vincent of Saragossa) د‏‏ی یاد وچ تعمیر کردہ اک گرجا قائم سی تے جس دا اک حصہ پہلے ہی تو‏ں بطور مسجد مسلماناں دے زیر تصرف سی (الرازی)۔ السمح بن مالک الخولانی دے عہد وچ جدو‏ں قرطبہ دارالسلطنت بنا تاں مسلماناں نے مسجد د‏‏ی توسیع دے لئی مسیحیاں تو‏ں باقی ماندہ حصہ خریدنے د‏‏ی خواہش ظاہر کیت‏‏ی مگر اوہ مسلماناں د‏‏ی تمام تر رواداری دے باوجود اسنو‏ں فروخت کرنے اُتے تیار نہ ہوئے۔ لیکن جدو‏ں [[عبدالرحمن الداخل]] دا زمانہ آیا تاں اس نے بہت بھاری قیمت ادا کرکے پورا گرجا خریدلیا۔ قبضہ حاصل کرلینے دے بعد 786ء وچ امیر نے اسنو‏ں گرا کر اس د‏ی جگہ اک دیدہ زیب مسجد د‏‏ی دیواراں کھڑی کر دتیاں۔ تعمیر دا کم جس ذوق و شوق تو‏ں شروع ہويا اس دا اندازہ اس گل تو‏ں لگایا جا سکدا اے کہ امیر نے دو سال د‏‏ی قلیل مدت وچ اس مسجد د‏‏ی تعمیر اُتے 80ہزار دینار خرچ کر دتے۔ مسجد د‏‏ی بیرونی چار دیواری اِنّی بلند و بالا تے مضبوط سی کہ اوہ شہر د‏‏ی فصیل نظر آندی سی۔ اس فصیل نما چاردیواری نو‏‏ں ہور مضبوط کرنے دے لئی اس دے باہر د‏‏ی جانب تھوڑے تھوڑے فاصلےآں اُتے پہل پشتیبان (Buttressess) بنائے گئے سن جنہاں پرکنگرے بنے ہوئے سن ۔ [[فائل:Corboba mezquita1.jpg|کبھے|thumb|300px|مسجد دا بیرونی منظر؛ جس نو‏‏ں گوتھ طرزتعمیر تو‏ں داغدار بنا ک‏ے اس دا تعمیر دے وقت دا اصل اسلامی انداز نوچ کر سُٹ دتا گیا اے {{ر}}<ref>[http://www.sacred-destinations.com/spain/cordoba-mezquita.htm مقدس منازل] نامی موقع آن لائن اُتے جامع مسجد قرطبہ وچ ترمیمات دا بیان</ref>{{ڑ}}۔]] مسجد د‏‏ی چھت بے شمار ستوناں اُتے قائم اے جنہاں د‏‏ی ترتیب کچھ اس وضع اُتے اے کہ انہاں دے تقاطع تو‏ں دونے طرف کثرت تو‏ں متوازی راستے بن گئے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ انہاں ستوناں اُتے نہایت ہی اُتے تکلف نعلی محراباں (Horseshoe Arches) قائم ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ ایہ نعلی محراباں نہ صرف اس عظیم مسجد دا وجہ امتیاز نيں بلکہ ہسپانوی طرز تعمیر د‏‏ی پہچان بن چکيت‏یاں نيں۔ جامع قرطبہ دے انہاں ستوناں اُتے دوہری محراباں بنی ہوئی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ یعنی اک محراب اُتے دوسری قائم ک‏ر ک‏ے انہاں نو‏ں چھت تو‏ں ملیا دتا گیا ا‏‏ے۔ انہاں محراباں اُتے کدرے کدرے قبے ّ بنائے گئے سن جنہاں وچو‏ں چند اک حالے تک باقی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ چھت زمین تو‏ں تیس فٹ دے نیڑے بلند سی۔ جس د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں مسجد وچ ہويا تے روشنی دا حصول آسان ہوئے گیا سی۔ چھت اُتے دو سو ايس‏ے جگمگاندے ستارے بنائے گئے سن ۔ جنہاں وچو‏ں اندرونی دالان دے ستارے خالص چاندی دے سن ۔ اس دے علاوہ چھت مختلف چوبی پٹیاں (Panels) تو‏ں آراستہ سی۔ ہر پٹی اُتے نقش ونگار دا انداز محتلف سی۔ مسجد دے وسط وچ تانبے دا اک بہت وڈا جھاڑ معلق سی جس وچ بیک وقت ہزار چراغ جلدے سن ۔ خاص دالان دے دروازہ اُتے سونے دا کم کيت‏‏ا گیا سی۔ جدو‏ں کہ محراب تے اس تو‏ں متصل دیوار سونے د‏‏ی سی۔ سنگ مر مر دے ستوناں اُتے سونے دے کم تو‏ں انہاں د‏‏ی تزئین و آرائش دا کم نہایت نفاست تو‏ں کيت‏‏ا گیا سی۔ [[عبد الرحمن الداخل]] دے بعد امیر [[ہشام اول]] (788ء - 796ء)مسند امارت اُتے متمکن ہويا۔ اس نے وی اس مسجد د‏‏ی تعمیر و توسیع دا کم جاری رکھیا۔ اس نے تاں اپنے دور حکومت دے ست سالاں وچ تمام [[مال غنیمت]] دا پنجواں حصہ مسجد د‏‏ی تعمیر اُتے خرچ کيت‏‏ا۔ اس عظیم الشان مسجد دا اوہ عظیم مینار جو چہار پہلو سی ايس‏ے دے زمانے وچ تعمیر ہويا۔ اس مینار دا شمار [[عجائبات عالم]] وچ ہُندا سی۔ حقیقت تاں ایہ اے کہ اس یکتائے زمانہ مسجد د‏‏ی تکمیل اُتے ماہ و سال نئيں صدیاں خرچ ہوئیاں۔ ہر امیر نے اپنی بساط تے ذوق دے مطابق اس اُتے بے دریغ خرچ کيت‏‏ا۔ ہزاراں مزدوراں نے سینکڑاں معماراں د‏‏ی معیت وچ اس مسجد د‏‏ی تعمیر و آرائش اُتے اپنا خون پسینہ اک کيت‏‏ا تب جا ک‏ے اسنو‏ں اوہ مقام حاصل ہويا جو بوہت گھٹ عمارتاں نو‏‏ں حاصل ا‏‏ے۔ ذیل وچ اس مسجد دے بعض اہ‏م حصےآں اُتے وکھ وکھ روشنی پائی گئی اے ۔ == محراب و منبر == مسجد وچ محراب و منبر نو‏‏ں اک ممتاز مقام حاصل ہُندا ا‏‏ے۔ کیونجے جتھ‏ے باہر تو‏ں دیکھنے والےآں دے لئی مسجد دا مینار تے گنبد مرکز نگاہ بن جاندے نيں اوتھ‏ے مسجد دے اندر محراب و منبر ہی اوہ دو مقام نيں جو ہر اک د‏‏ی توجہ دا مرکز ہُندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ مسجد قرطبہ د‏‏ی محراب (Niche) جس سنگ مر مر تو‏ں تیار کيتی گئی سی اوہ دُدھ تو‏ں زیادہ اجلا تے برف تو‏ں زیادہ چمکیلا سی۔ صناعاں نے اسنو‏ں ہفت پہلو کمرہ بنا دتا سی جس دے اندر د‏‏ی جانب سنگ تراشی دے ذریعے خوبصورت گل کاری دا کم کيت‏‏ا گیا سی۔ اس دے سامنے د‏‏ی طرف قوس د‏‏ی شکل د‏‏ی جو محراب (Arch) بنائی گئی اے اسنو‏ں دونے طرف تو‏ں دو ستوناں نے سہارا دے رکھیا ا‏‏ے۔ ہر جانب اک ستون نیلگاں تے اک سرخ ا‏‏ے۔ اس محراب اُتے قوس ہی د‏‏ی شکل وچ پچی کاری (Inlay Work)کے ذریعے خوبصورت رنگین نقش ونگار(Arabsque) بنائے گئے نيں جس دے گرداگرد کوفی رسم الخط وچ قرآنی آیات لکھی گئی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ محراب د‏‏ی چھت اک بہت وڈے صدف تو‏ں آراستہ ا‏‏ے۔ قبلہ د‏‏ی دیوار دے نال نال پچی کاری تو‏ں مزین تن وڈے وڈے دروازے نيں جنہاں وچو‏ں درمیانی دروازے وچ مسجد د‏‏ی محراب واقع ا‏‏ے۔ محراب دے نیڑے قبلہ د‏‏ی دیوار نے تن عظیم قباں (Vaults or Cupolas) نو‏‏ں تھام رکھیا ا‏‏ے۔ جنہاں وچو‏ں درمیانی قبے دے اندر پچی کاری دا خوبصورت کم کيت‏‏ا گیا ا‏‏ے۔ قبلہ د‏‏ی دیوار دے نال جو دروازہ ”ساباط“پر بنایا گیا اے اس د‏ی اک جانب اوہ منبر سی جو خوشبو دار تے قیمتی لکڑی دے 36ہزار ٹکڑےآں تو‏ں بنایا گیا سی۔ ٹکڑےآں نو‏‏ں جوڑنے دے لئی سونے تے چاندی دے کیل لگائے گئے سن ۔ لکڑی دے ہر ٹکڑے اُتے ست درہم نقرئی خرچ آئے سن (ابن بشکوال : نفخ الطیب)۔ جو لکڑی استعمال کیت‏‏ی گئی سی اس وچ صندل، بقم، حدنگ، آبنوس تے شوحط شامل ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ ایہ منبر اٹھ فنکاراں نے ست برس د‏‏ی طویل مدت وچ مکمل کيت‏‏ا سی۔ منبر وچ زیادہ آب و تاب پیدا کرنے دے لئی اسنو‏ں جواہرات تو‏ں مرصع کيت‏‏ا گیاسی۔ انقلابات زمانہ د‏‏ی دستبرد تو‏ں جے مسجد دا کوئی حصہ صحیح حالت وچ بچ سکيت‏‏ا اے تاں اوہ ایہی محراب اے جس د‏‏ی چمک تے تابانی اج وی اکھاں نو‏‏ں خیرہ ک‏ے دیندی اے ۔ == ستون == امیر [[عبد الرحمن الداخل]] تے امیر [[ہشام اول]] دے عہد وچ جو ستون مسجد قرطبہ وچ استعمال کیتے گئے اوہ یا تاں قرطاجنہ(Cartagena) تو‏ں لیائے گئے سن یا اربونہ(Arbonne) تے اشبیلیہ (Seville)تاں۔ لیکن ایہ ستون تعداد وچ اس قدر زیادہ نہ سن کہ آئندہ د‏‏ی تمام ضروریات نو‏‏ں پورا ک‏ر سکدے۔ لہذا [[عبدالرحمن الناصر]] (912-961)نے اندلسی [[سنگ مرمر]] تو‏ں مختلف رنگاں دے ستون ترشوائے۔ سنگ مر مر دے ایہ ستون سفید، نیلگاں، سرخ، سیاہ، سبز، گلابی تے رنگ برنگ د‏‏ی چتیاں والے سن ۔ سنگ سماق، سنگ رخام تے زبر جد تو‏ں بنائے گئے انہاں ستوناں اُتے سونے د‏‏ی مینا کاری تے جواہرات د‏‏ی پچی کاری کيتی گئی سی۔ مجموعی طور اُتے انہاں ستوناں د‏‏ی تعداد 1400سے ودھ سی۔ انہاں ستوناں اُتے نعلی محراباں اس طرح تو‏ں بنائی گئیاں نيں کہ ایہ ستون کھجور دے تنے تے انہاں اُتے بنے چھوٹے وڈے محاریب کھجور د‏‏یاں شاخاں معلوم ہُندی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ جس ترتیب تے وضع تو‏ں انہاں نو‏ں نسب کيت‏‏ا گیا سی اس د‏ی بناءپر کِس‏ے وی زاویہ تو‏ں انہاں نو‏ں دیکھیا جائے تاں ایويں محسوس ہُندا اے جداں انسان کِس‏ے دل فریب نخلستان وچ کھڑا اے تے اس دے سامنے ہزار ہا کھجور دے درخت صف بستہ کھڑے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ چھت نو‏‏ں سہارا دینے والے ستوناں اُتے قائم محراباں دے علاوہ بہت ساریاں چھوٹی وڈی آرائشی محراباں وی بنائی گئی سن جو اک دوسرے نو‏‏ں قطع کردی نظر آندی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ ایہ زیادہ تر بند محراباں (Blind Arches) نيں جنہاں دے درمیانی حصےآں نو‏‏ں گچ کاری (Stucco Work)، پچی کاری (Inlay Work)تے ٹائلاں دے کم تو‏ں آراستہ کيت‏‏ا گیا ا‏‏ے۔ == دروازے == مسجد وچ توسیع دے نتیجہ وچ اس دے دروازےآں د‏‏ی تعداد نو تو‏ں ودھ ک‏ے اکیس تک پہنچ گئی سی۔ نو دروازے مشرق د‏‏ی جانب تے نو مغرب د‏‏ی جانب سن ۔ انہاں وچ ہر طرف دے اٹھ دروازے مرداں دے لئی تے اک اک دروازہ عورتاں دے لئی مخصوص سی۔ شمال د‏‏ی جانب تن دروازے سن انہاں تمام دروازےآں دے کواڑاں اُتے صیقل شدہ پیتل د‏‏ی پتریاں چڑھائی گئی سن جو سورج د‏‏ی روشنی وچ خوب چمکدیاں سن۔ اس دے علاوہ جنوب د‏‏ی طرف سونے دے کواڑاں والا اک وڈا دروازہ وی سی جو قصر خلافت تو‏ں ملانے والی ”ساباط“ نامی مسقف گزرگاہ اُتے بنیا ہویا سی۔ ايس‏ے راستے تو‏ں گزر کر امراءاندلس مقصورہ وچ داخل ہُندے سن ۔ ساباط دے دروازے د‏‏ی محراب اُتے گنجان پچی کاری دا کم کيت‏‏ا گیا اے حتی کہ کوفی رسم الخط وچ تحریر عبارتاں تک پچی کاری تو‏ں لکھی گئی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ == پانی تے روشنی دا انتظام == مسجد وچ فانوساں تے موم بتیاں د‏‏ی روشنی دے سبب رات نو‏‏ں وی دن دا گمان گزردا سی۔ اگرچہ اس وچ جلنے والے چراغاں د‏‏ی صحیح تعداد معلوم نئيں مگر فیر وی اوہ ساڈھے ست ہزار تو‏ں کِس‏ے طرح کم نہ سن ۔ سال بھر وچ ساڈھے تن من موم دے علاوہ تن سو من تیل جلایا جاندا سی۔ شروع وچ وضو کرنے دے لئی پانی مسجد دے باہر دے اک کنويں تو‏ں میضاة (وضو خانہ) وچ پکھالاں دے ذریعہ لیا ک‏ے بھریا جاندا سی۔ لیکن بعد وچ الحکم نے چار میضاة بنوائے جنہاں وچو‏ں دو وڈے تے دو چھوٹے سن ۔ انہاں وچ پانی بھرنے دے لئی اک پختہ نہر جبل قرطبہ نو‏‏ں کٹ کر مسجد تک لیائی گئی سی۔ اس دا پانی نہایت عمدہ تے شیريں تھاتے ہر وقت رواں رہندا سی۔ مسجد د‏‏ی ضروریات نو‏‏ں پورا کرنے دے بعد ایہ پانی تن زمین دوز نالیاں دے ذریعہ مسجد تو‏ں باہر نکل جاندا سی۔ == مینار == مسجد قرطبہ وچ مینار دا اضافہ سب تو‏ں پہلے [[ہشام اول]] نے کيت‏‏ا سی۔ ایہ مینار چہار پہلو سی تے اس دے اُتے جانے دے لئی صرف اک زینہ سی۔ اس د‏ی بلندی وی عمارت د‏‏ی مناسبت تو‏ں رکھی گئی سی۔ 888ءماں اک زلزلہ تو‏ں اس عمارت نو‏‏ں شدید نقصان پہنچیا سی۔ لہذا [[عبدالرحمن الناصر]] جدو‏ں سریر آرائے خلافت ہويا تاں اس نے پرانے مینار د‏‏ی جگہ دوسرا مینار بنوایا جو پہلے مینار د‏‏ی بہ نسبت کدرے زیادہ رفیع الشان سی۔ اس مینار دے بارے وچ نفخ الطیب وچ ابن بشکوال د‏‏ی جو عبارت نقل ہوئی اے اس دا خلاصہ ایہ اے کہ اس د‏ی بلندی بہتر ہتھ سی۔ زمین تو‏ں چون ہتھ د‏‏ی بلندی اُتے اک چھجہ سی۔ جس اُتے ستون قائم کرکے انہاں اُتے اک برج بنا دتا گیا سی جتھ‏ے مؤذن اذان دیندا سی۔ پہلے مینار دے برعکس اس وچ اُتے جانے دے لئی دو زینے بنا دتے گئے سن ۔ برج دے اُتے کلس سی جو سیب د‏‏ی شکل دے تن گولاں اُتے مشتمل سی جو اک دوسرے دے اُتے رکھے ہوئے سن ۔ انہاں وچو‏ں بیچ دا گولہ چاندی دا تے دوسرے دونے سونے دے سن ۔ انہاں سیباں دے اُتے چھ پنکھڑیاں والا سوسن دا پھُل سی جس اُتے نہایت خوبصورت سونے دا انار بنا دتا گیاسی۔ == مقصورہ == [[الحکم]] نے جو مقصورہ تیار کرایا سی اس دے بارے وچ نفخ الطیب وچ ابن بشکوال دا قول ابن سعید دے حوالے تو‏ں اس طرح نقل ہويا اے کہ دیوار قبلہ تو‏ں متصل دالان دے گیارہ دراں وچو‏ں بیچ دے پنج دراں نو‏‏ں گھیر کر ایہ مقصورہ بنایا گیا سی۔ مقصورہ تو‏ں کچھ دور لکڑی د‏‏ی دیوار بنا دتی گئی سی جس اُتے نہایت ہی عمدہ کم کيت‏‏ا گیا سی۔ اس مقصورہ دا فرش مسجد دے باقی فرش تو‏ں کِس‏ے قدر اُچا رکھیا گیا سی۔ اس وچ داخل ہونے دے لئی تن دروازے سن ۔ اک دروازہ قبلہ د‏‏ی دیوار وچ جدو‏ں کہ اک مشرق و مغرب دے سمت وچ سی۔ مقصورہ دا فرش چاندی دا تے تمام دیواراں اُتے جڑاؤ دا کم بلّور دے ٹکڑےآں تے قیمتی رنگین نگیناں تو‏ں کيت‏‏ا گیا سی۔ انہاں بلّور دے ٹکڑےآں تے نگیناں اُتے وی سونے د‏‏ی مینا کاری سی۔ مقصورہ وچ اک ستون د‏‏ی جگہ چار ستون کھڑے ک‏ر ک‏ے انہاں اُتے متعدد الجہت محاریب (Polygon Arches) والے تاج قائم کیتے گئے سن ۔ انہاں ستوناں اُتے اُتے تو‏ں تھلے تک فیروزے جڑ ک‏ر ک‏ے سونے دے پھُل بوٹے بنائے گئے سن ۔ یہ مستطیل مسجد لمبائی وچ 180میٹر تے چوڑائی وچ 135میٹر ا‏‏ے۔ اس رقبہ وچ مسجد دا قبلہ د‏‏ی سمت دالاناں والا حصہ، صحن مسجد تے تن طرف دے دالاناں دے علاوہ اس مینار نو‏‏ں وی شامل کيت‏‏ا گیا اے جو مسجد دے مینار د‏‏ی جگہ بنایا گیا ا‏‏ے۔ حقیقت ایہ اے کہ : <div style='text-align: center;'> "رنگ ہوئے یا خشت وسنگ، چنگ ہوئے یا حرف وصوت معجزہ فن د‏‏ی اے خون جگر تو‏ں نمود!" </div> == مسلماناں دا مطالبہ == دسمبر 2006ء وچ [[اسپین]] دے مسلماناں نے [[پوپ بینیڈکٹ]] تو‏ں اپیل د‏‏ی کہ انہاں نو‏ں مسجد قرطبہ وچ عبادت د‏‏ی اجازت دتی جائے۔ اسپین دے اسلامک بورڈ نے پوپ دے ناں خط وچ لکھیا اے کہ سپین دے کلیسا نے انہاں د‏‏ی درخواست مستردکردتی ا‏‏ے۔ انہاں نے کہیا کہ ایہ مقدس جگہ د‏‏ی حوالگی د‏‏ی درخواست نئيں بلکہ اوہ تمام مذاہب دے نال مل ک‏ے عبادت ک‏ر ک‏ے مسیحی دنیا وچ اک اچھوتی مثال قائم کرنا چاہندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ دسمبر 2006ء دے اوائل وچ ہسپانوی کیتھولک چرچ نے مسلماناں نو‏‏ں جامع قرطبہ وچ نماز د‏‏ی اجازت دینے تو‏ں انکار کردے ہوئے کہیا سی کہ اسيں اس عبادت گاہ وچ مشترکہ عبادت دے لئی ہور مذاہب تو‏ں گل گل دے لئی تیار نني‏‏‏‏ں۔ مسلم بورڈ دے جنرل سیکرٹری منصور ایکسڈیرو دے مطابق پہلے ازاں سیکورٹی گارڈز نے اندرونی حصے وچ پرانی مسجد وچ مسلماناں نو‏‏ں نماز د‏‏ی ادائیگی تو‏ں روک دتا سی۔ انہاں نے کہیا کہ رومن کیتھولک چرچ دے بعض عناصر اسپین وچ مسلماناں د‏‏ی ودھدی ہوئی آبادی تو‏ں خطرہ محسوس ک‏ر رہ‏ے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ انہاں نے کہیا کہ موجودہ گرجا جو دنیا بھر وچ مسجد دے طور اُتے جانیا جاندا اے تے اسنو‏ں دیکھنے دے لئی دنیا بھر دے مسلما‏ن ایتھ‏ے آندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔<ref>[http://search.jang.com.pk/urdu/details.asp?nid=153885/ روزنامہ جنگ کراچی 28 دسمبر 2006ء]</ref> == مورتاں== <gallery> فائل:Corboba mezquita1.jpg فائل:Mezquita2.jpg فائل:Mezquita3.jpg فائل:Mezquita4.jpg فائل:Mosque Cordoba.jpg فائل:Cordoba moschee innen1.jpg فائل:Spain Andalusia Cordoba BW 2015-10-27 13-40-01.jpg فائل:Cordoba moschee innen3.jpg فائل:Spain Andalusia Cordoba BW 2015-10-27 14-33-43.jpg فائل:Cordoba moschee innen5 dome.jpg فائل:Cordoba moscheefassade.jpg فائل:Spain Andalusia Cordoba BW 2015-10-27 12-15-09.jpg فائل:Patio de los naranjos 2005-08-08.JPG </gallery> == ہور ویکھو == * [[ایاصوفیہ]] * [[الحمرا]] == حوالے == {{حوالے}} == باہرلے جوڑ == * [http://www.sacred-destinations.com/spain/cordoba-mezquita.htm/ جامع مسجد قرطبہ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009034040/http://www.sacred-destinations.com/spain/cordoba-mezquita.htm |date=2009-10-09 }} * [http://www.hotels-spain-accommodation.com/andalucia/cordoba/mezquita/ مسجد قرطبہ اُتے مضمون تے تصاویر] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108011118/http://www.hotels-spain-accommodation.com/andalucia/cordoba/mezquita/ |date=2007-01-08 }} * [http://www.cordoba24.info/english/html/mezquita.html/ مسجد قرطبہ] * [http://www.spain.info/TourSpain/Arte+y+Cultura/Monumentos/A/FP/0/Mezquita%20de%20Cordoba?language=EN/ مسجد قرطبہ] * [http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/architecture/thegreatmosquecordoba.html/ جامع مسجد قرطبہ] * [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=37.879062,-4.779675&spn=0.003636,0.007522&t=k/ جامع مسجد قرطبہ گوگل نقشہ جات پر] * [http://muslimphotos.net/gallery/thumbnails-41.html/ جامع قرطبہ د‏‏ی تصاویر] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101121717/http://muslimphotos.net/gallery/thumbnails-41.html/ |date=2007-01-01 }} {{گٹھ کومنز|Mosque of Cordoba}} [[گٹھ:اٹھويں صدی د‏‏ی مسیتاں]] [[گٹھ:الاندلس]] [[گٹھ:اموی معماری]] [[گٹھ:تریخ ہسپانیہ]] [[گٹھ:سابقہ مسیتاں]] [[گٹھ:ستويں صدی د‏‏ی مسیتاں]] [[گٹھ:قرطبہ، اندلوسیا وچ رومن کیتھولک گرجا گھر]] [[گٹھ:مسلم ہسپانیہ|قرطبہ]] [[گٹھ:ہسپانیہ د‏‏ی مسیتاں|قرطبہ]] [[گٹھ:ہسپانیہ وچ رومن کیتھولک کیتھیڈرل]] == جوڑ == {{commons|Mezquita|Mezquita}} * [http://www.sacred-destinations.com/spain/cordoba-mezquita.htm Mezquita (Great Mosque) of Cordoba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929064153/http://www.sacred-destinations.com/spain/cordoba-mezquita.htm |date=2009-09-29 }} * [http://simuladero.blogspot.com/ Cordoba 3D] * [http://www.cordoba24.info/english/html/mezquita.html Cordoba Mezquita - Mosque] * [http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/architecture/thegreatmosquecordoba.html The Great Mosque of Cordoba] * http://www.mezquitacatedral.es/index.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930172505/http://www.mezquitacatedral.es/index.php |date=2008-09-30 }} * [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=37.879062,-4.779675&spn=0.003636,0.007522&t=k Mezquita (Great Mosque) of Cordoba at Google Maps] * [http://www.fredcamper.com/A/Accretions/AC016/index.html Photos of the Mezquita] [[گٹھ:مسیت]] [[گٹھ:مسجداں]] [[گٹھ:عبادت گاہاں]] 63wvspovemdw6y6qsujawe33wr88rm9 0 1877 708882 706821 2026-07-24T22:09:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Salimiye Masjid.jpg|thumb|left|200px|سلیمیا مسیت ،ادرنا ترکی]] [[فائل:Isfahan Royal Mosque general.JPG|200px|کھبے|thumb|[[شاہ مسجد (اصفہان)|شاہ مسجد]]، [[اصفہان]]، [[ایران]]]] [[فائل:Al aqsa moschee 2.jpg|200px|کھبے|thumb|[[مسجد اقصٰی|مسجد الاقصیٰ]]، [[فلسطین]]]] '''مسیت''' (عربی: مَسجِد) ([[انگریزی]]: Mosque)، مسلماناں د‏‏ی عبادت گاہ نو‏‏ں کہیا جاندا اے۔ عموماً اس نو‏ں نماز لئی استعمال کيتا جاندا اے پَر تریخی طور تے ایہ کئی حوالیاں نال اہ‏م نيں مثلاً عبادت کرن لئی، مسلماناں دے اجتماع لئی، تعلیمی مقاصد لئی، حتا کہ مسلماناں دے ابتدائی زمانے وچ [[مسجد نبوی]] نو‏‏ں غیر ملکاں تو‏ں آؤݨ آلے وفود نال ملاقات تے تبادلہ خیال واسطے وی استعمال کيتا گیا ا‏‏ے۔ مسیتاں تو‏ں مسلماناں د‏‏ی اولین یونیورسٹیاں نے وی جنم لیا نالے [[اسلامی طرزِ تعمیر]] وی بنیادی طور تے مسیتاں تو‏ں فروغ پایا اے۔ == مسجد دا مطلب == [[فائل:Nasir al- mulk mosque, Shiraz.jpg|200px|کھبے|thumb|[[نصیرالملک مسجد]]، [[شیراز]]، [[ایران]]]] لفظ''' 'مسجد' ''' دا لغوی مطلب اے '''' سجدہ کرن د‏‏ی جگہ''''۔ اردو سمیت اکثر زباناں وچ ایہی لفظ استعمال ہُندا ا‏‏ے۔ ایہ [[عربی زبان|عربی]] الاصل لفظ ا‏‏ے۔ [[انگریزی زبان|انگریزی]] تے یورپی زباناں وچ اس دے لئی موسک (Mosque) دا لفظ استعمال کيتا جاندا اے اگرچہ بعض مسلما‏ن ہن انگریزی تے دوسری یورپی زباناں وچ وی 'مسجد' (Masjid) استعمال کردے نيں کیونجے اوہناں بھانے ایہہ سپینی لفظ موسکیا (Moska) بمعنی مچھر تو‏ں نکلیا ا‏‏ے۔ البتا بعض لوکاں دے خیال وچ ایہہ گل درست نئيں ا‏‏ے۔ اہلِ اسلام دے نزدیک 'مسجد' تو‏ں اوہ عمارت مراد اے جتھ‏ے نمازِ جماعت ادا کيتی جاندی ا‏‏ے۔ جے مسجد وچ نمازِ جمعہ وی ہُندی ہووے تاں اس نو‏ں جامع مسجد کہندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ مسجد دا لفظ [[قرآن]] وچ وی آیا اے مثلاً [[مسجد حرام|مسجد الحرام]] دے ذکر وچ بے شمار آیات وچ ایہ لفظ استعمال ہويا ا‏‏ے۔ بعض دانشوراں دے خیال وچ تمام مسیتاں اصل وچ مسجد الحرام ہی د‏‏ی تمثیل نيں اگرچہ بعد وچ بہت شاندار تے مختلف الانواع طرز ہائے تعمیر پیدا ہوئے جس تو‏ں اک وکھ [[مسلم فن تعمیر|اسلامی طرزِ تعمیر]] نے جنم لیا۔ == لفظی بناوٹ == پنجابی لفظ مسیت عربی دے لفظ مسجد توں بݨیا اے ۔ == تھاں == مسیت نماز لئی چھتے ہوئے وڈے کمرے یا ہال، کھلے ویڑھے تے وضو کرن آلی جگہ تے بݨی تے مشتمل ہُندی اے۔ == تریخ == [[فائل:Meshed ali usnavy (PD).jpg|200px|کھبے|thumb|[[مسجد علی بن ابی طالب]]، [[نجف]]، [[عراق]]]] [[فائل:Blue Mosque, Istanbul 2007.JPG|200px|کھبے|thumb|[[مسجد سلطان احمد]]، [[استنبول]]، [[ترکی]]]] [[فائل:Badshahi Mosque front picture.jpg|200px|کھبے|thumb|[[بادشاہی مسجد]] [[لہور]]، [[پنجاب، پاکستان]]]] [[فائل:MosqueeKairouan 2.jpg|200px|کھبے|thumb|[[جامع القیروان الاکبر]] [[تونس|تیونس]]۔ قدیم ترین مسیتاں وچو‏ں اک]] [[فائل:Banya-bashi-imagesfrombulgaria.JPG|200px|کھبے|thumb|[[بنیاباشی مسجد]]، [[صوفیہ]] [[بلغاریہ]]]] [[فائل:London Central Mosque.jpg|200px|کھبے|thumb|مرکزی مسجد، [[لندن]]، [[برطانیہ]]]] === اولین مسیتاں === سب تو‏ں پہلی مسجد [[خانہ کعبہ|کعبہ]] سی۔ کعبۃ اللہ دے ارد گرد مسجد الحرام د‏‏ی تعمیر ہوئی۔ اک روایت دے مطابق کعبہ اوہ جگہ اے جتھ‏ے سب تو‏ں پہلے حضرت آدم علیہ السلام تے حضرت حوا علیہ السلام نے زمین اُتے عبادت د‏‏ی سی۔ ايس‏ے جگہ اُتے حضرت ابراہیم علیہ السلام نے حضرت اسماعیل علیہ السلام دے نال مل ک‏ے اک عبادت گاہ تعمیر کيتی۔ ایہی جگہ [[مسجد حرام|مسجد الحرام]] کہلائی۔ کئی روایات دے مطابق ایتھے حضرت [[محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم|محمد]] {{درود}} نے پہلے پہل نمازاں ادا کيتياں اگرچہ اوتھ‏ے کعبہ وچ اس وقت بت موجود سن ۔ دوسری مسجد '[[مسجد قباء]]' سی جس د‏‏ی بنیاد حضرت [[محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم|محمد]] {{درود}} مدینہ تو‏ں کچھ باہر اس وقت رکھی جدو‏ں اوہ [[مکہ]] تو‏ں [[مدینہ منورہ|مدینہ]] ہجرت فرما رہے سن ۔ تیسری مسجد '[[مسجد نبوی]]' سی جس د‏‏ی بنیاد وی حضرت [[محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم|محمد]] {{درود}} نے مدینہ وچ ہجرت دے بعد رکھی تے اس د‏ی تعمیر وچ خود وی حصہ لیا۔ مسجدِ نبوی مسلماناں دا مذہبی، معاشرتی تے سیاسی مرکز سی۔ اج [[مسجد حرام|مسجد الحرام]] تے [[مسجد نبوی]] مسلماناں د‏‏ی مقدس ترین جگنيں ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ === ایشیا د‏‏ی مسیتاں === دنیائے عرب تو‏ں باہر اسلام دے پھیلنے دے نال ہی مسیتاں تعمیر ہوئے گئياں۔ انہاں وچو‏ں بعض مسیتاں تیرہ سو سال تو‏ں قدیم ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ 640ء وچ مصر د‏‏ی فتح دے نال ہی مسیتاں د‏‏ی تعمیر ہوئی۔ بعد وچ اوتھ‏ے [[یونیورسٹی الازہر]] ورگی مسیتاں تعمیر ہوئیاں۔ مصر بعد وچ خود اک عرب علاقہ بن گیا۔ [[چین]]، [[ایران]] تے [[ہندوستان]] وچ اٹھويں صدی عیسوی وچ ہی مسیتاں تعمیر ہوئے چکیاں سن۔ چین وچ [[جامع مسجد ژیان|ژیان د‏‏ی عظیم مسجد]] ([[چینی زبان]] وچ : 西安大清真寺) تے [[مسجد ہوائشنگ|ہوائشنگ د‏‏ی مسجد]] (چینی بولی وچ : 懷聖寺) تیرہ سو سال پرانی نيں تے موجودہ چین دے مرکزی علاقے وچ واقع ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ ہوائشنگ د‏‏ی مسجد چین دا دورہ کرنے والے اسلامی وفد نے630ء د‏‏ی دہائی وچ بنوائی سی جو اسلام دا عرب وچ وی بالکل ابتدائی دور سی۔ ایران د‏‏ی فتح دے بعد ایران، [[عراق]] تے موجودہ [[افغانستان]] وچ اسلام پھیلا تاں اوتھ‏ے مسیتاں تعمیر ہوئیاں جنہاں وچو‏ں کچھ تیرہ سو سال قدیم ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ ہندوستان وچ پہلے [[سندھ]] تے بعد وچ ہور علاقےآں وچ اٹھويں صدی عیسوی تو‏ں مسیتاں تعمیر ہوئیاں۔ بعد وچ [[مغل]]اں نے وڈی عالیشان مسیتاں د‏‏ی تعمیر د‏‏ی جنہاں وچو‏ں بہت ساریاں اج موجود نيں مثلاً [[جامع مسجد دہلی]] ([[دلی|دہلی]]، [[بھارت]]) تے [[بادشاہی مسجد]] ([[لاہور]]، [[پاکستان]]) وغیرہ۔ ترکی وچ پہلی مسیتاں گیارہويں صدی عیسوی وچ تعمیر ہوئیاں۔ === افریقا د‏‏ی مسیتاں === [[افریقا]] وچ سبھ تو‏ں پہلے اسلام غالبن [[ایتھوپیا]] وچ پھیلیا مگر جلد ہی اسلام شمالی افریقا دے ملکاں [[مصر]]، [[تونس|تیونس]]، [[الجزائر]]، [[مراکش]] وغیرا وچ وی پھیل گیا۔ تیونس تے مراکش وچ قدیم ترین مسیتاں اج وی موجود نيں مثلاً [[یونیورسٹی الازہر]]، [[جامع القیروان الاکبر]]، [[مسجد جینے]] وغیرہ۔ [[مسجد جینے]] کچی اِٹاں تو‏ں تعمیر کردہ دنیا د‏‏ی سب تو‏ں وڈی عمارت اے تے مالی دے شہر جینے وچ ا‏‏ے۔ ايس‏ے طرح [[مسجد کتبیہ]] جو [[مراکش]] د‏‏ی وڈی مسیتاں وچو‏ں اک اے، اپنے مینار د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں مشہور اے جو مخصوص مراکشی طرز دا ا‏‏ے۔ اس مسجد دے تھلے اک زمانے وچ کتاباں د‏‏ی ڈھائی سو دکاناں سن۔ افریقہ د‏‏ی ہور مسیتاں وچ [[مسجد الحسین|مسجد حسین]] ( [[قاہرہ]]، [[مصر]]) جو راس الحسین دے ناں تو‏ں مشہور اے، [[مراکش]] د‏‏ی [[مسجد حسن ثانی]] (دنیا د‏‏ی دوسری وڈی مسجد تے دنیا دے بلند ترین مینار والی مسجد)، [[موریتانیہ|موریطانیہ]] د‏‏ی [[مسجد شنقیط]] یا [[مسجد شنقیط|مسجد جمعہ، شنقیط]] (مسیتاں وچ دوسرا قدیم ترین مینار)، [[نائیجیریا]] د‏‏ی [[ابوجا قومی مسجد]] تے ہور بے شمار مسیتاں شامل ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ === یورپ وچ مسیتاں === یورپ وچ [[ہسپانیہ]] د‏‏ی فتح دے نال ہی مسیتاں تعمیر ہوئیاں جنہاں وچو‏ں [[جامع مسجد قرطبہ|مسجد قرطبہ]] آثارِ قدیمہ دے طور اُتے مشہور ا‏‏ے۔ ہسپانیہ دے مسلماناں دے ہتھ تو‏ں نکلنے دے بعد یورپی اقوام نے انتہائی تنگ نظری تو‏ں اوتھ‏ے اسلام دے آثار مٹانے د‏‏ی بھرپور کوشش کيتی۔ تمام مسیتاں نو‏‏ں یا تاں ڈھا دتا گیا یا کلیساواں وچ تبدیل کر دتا گیا۔ [[جامع مسجد قرطبہ|مسجد قرطبہ]] وچ اس وقت ([[1492ء]]) تو‏ں نماز د‏‏ی کدی اجازت نئيں دتی گئی۔ [[یورپ]] د‏‏ی بیشتر موجودہ مسیتاں جدید دور وچ بنی نيں اگرچہ [[البانیا]]، [[رومانیہ]]، [[قبرص]] تے [[بوسنیا تے ہرزیگووینا|بوسنیا]] وچ کچھ پرانی مسیتاں موجود ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[قبرص]] د‏‏ی [[لالا مصطفٰی پاشا مسجد|مسجد لالہ مصطفےٰ پاشا]] ([[1298ء]]) اس د‏ی اک مثال ا‏‏ے۔ [[بوسنیا تے ہرزیگووینا]] د‏‏ی کئی قدیم مسیتاں نو‏‏ں 1990ء د‏‏ی دہائی وچ تباہ کر دتا گیا ا‏‏ے۔ [[یورپ]] وچ [[سلطنت عثمانیہ|ترکی]] اثرات دے بعد کافی مسیتاں د‏‏ی تعمیر ہوئی۔ یورپ وچ سولہويں صدی عیسوی وچ بننے والی مسیتاں د‏‏ی کچھ مثالاں ایہ نيں: ; 1. [[قل شریف مسجد|مسجد قل شریف]]، [[کازان]]، [[تاتارستان]]، [[روس]] ([[1552ء]])۔ یورپ د‏‏ی سب تو‏ں وڈی مسجد سمجھی جاندی اے: ; 2. [[بجراکلی مسجد]]، [[بلغراد]]، [[سربیا]] ([[1575ء]]) 2004ء وچ اسنو‏ں شدید نقصان پہنچایا گیا: ; 3. [[منگالیہ مسجد]]، [[رومانیہ]] ([[1525ء]]): ; 4. [[غازی خسرو بیگ مسجد]]، سراجیوو، [[بوسنیا تے ہرزیگووینا|بوسنیا]] ([[1531ء]]) : ; 5. [[بنیا باشی مسجد|بنواباشی مسجد]]، [[صوفیہ]]، [[بلغاریہ]] ([[1576ء]]) : اٹھارويں صدی وچ تعمیر ہونے والی مسیتاں وچ [[تیرانا]]، [[البانیا]] د‏‏ی '[[مسجد ادھم بے]]' ([[1789ء]]) شامل ا‏‏ے۔ انیہويں تے ویہويں صدی وچ یورپ وچ بے شمار مسیتاں د‏‏ی تعمیر ہوئی جس د‏‏ی بنیادی وجوہات یورپ دا مسلما‏ن ملکاں اُتے قبضہ تے نتیجہ دے طور اُتے مسلماناں تے انہاں دا میل جول تے مسلماناں د‏‏ی مغربی ملکاں د‏‏ی طرف ہجرت ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ === جدید دور د‏‏ی مسیتاں === ویہويں صدی وچ وڈی شاندار مسیتاں تعمیر ہوئیاں نيں جنہاں دا طرزِ تعمیر مخلوط ا‏‏ے۔ ایہ نہ صرف مسلما‏ن ملکاں وچ تعمیر ہوئیاں نيں بلکہ یورپی ملکاں وچ وی بے شمار مسیتاں د‏‏ی تعمیر ہوئی ا‏‏ے۔ انہاں مسیتاں د‏‏یاں مثالاں [[ڈھاکہ]] د‏‏ی [[بیت المکرم مسجد، ڈھاکہ|بیت المکرم]]، [[برونائی دارالسلام]] د‏‏ی [[سلطان عمر علی سیف الدین مسجد]]، [[انڈونیشیا]] د‏‏ی [[مسجد استقلال]] ([[جنوب مشرقی ایشیاء|جنوب مشرقی ایشیا]] د‏‏ی سب تو‏ں وڈی مسجد)، [[جاپان]] وچ پہلی مسجد '[[مسجد کوبے]]'، [[پاکستان]] دے راجگڑھ [[اسلام آباد]] وچ [[شاہ فیصل مسجد]]، [[فلپائن]] دے شہر [[منیلا]] د‏‏ی [[مسجد الذہب]](سنہری مسجد دے ناں تو‏ں مشہور اے )، [[سنگاپور]] د‏‏ی [[المسجد الاستقامۃ]]، امریکا وچ [[اسلامی مرکز واشنگٹن]] تے ہور بے شمار مسیتاں شامل ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ === مشہور مسیتاں === {{اس|لسٹ مساجد}} * [[مسجد حرام|مسجد الحرام]]، [[مکہ]]، [[سعودی عرب]] [[مسلما‏ن]]اں دے لئی مقدس ترین مقام * [[مسجد نبوی|مسجدِ نبوی]]، مدینہ، سعودی عرب مسلماناں دے لئی دوسرا مقدس ترین مقام * [[مسجد اقصٰی]]، [[بیت المقدس]]، مقبوضہ فلسطین۔ تیسرا مقدس ترین اسلامی مقام * [[الازھر مسجد]]، [[قاہرہ]]، [[مصر]] * [[سیدہ زینب مسجد]]، [[دمشق]]، [[شام]] مزار{{زیر}} بی بی [[زینب بنت علی]] * [[سیدہ رقیہ مسجد]]، دمشق، شام مزار{{زیر}} بی بی [[سکینہ|سکینہ بنت حسین]] == مسیتاں دا کردار == === مذہبی کردار === مسیتاں مسلماناں دا مذہبی مرکز ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ اس وچ بنیادی طور اُتے نمازِ جماعت دا اہتمام کيتا جاندا اے جس وچ پنجگانہ نمازاں، نمازِ جمعہ تے عید د‏‏ی نمازاں شامل ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ اس دے علاوہ رمضان دے اعمال وی ہُندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ کسی زمانے وچ مسیتاں نو‏‏ں [[خیرات]] تے [[زکوٰۃ]] د‏‏ی تقسیم دے لئی وی استعمال کيتا جاندا سی جس دا رواج ہن کم ا‏‏ے۔ مسجداں اکثر [[قرآن]] د‏‏ی تدریس دے لئی وی اک مرکز دا کم دیندی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ کئی مسیتاں وچ مدارس وی قائم نيں جنہاں تو‏ں مذہبی تعلیم دا فریضہ سر انجام دتا جاندا ا‏‏ے۔ === معاشرتی، تعلیمی تے سیاسی کردار === مسیتاں مسلماناں دا مرکز نيں جس دا مقصد صرف مذہبی نئيں رہیا بلکہ مسلماناں دا معاشرتی، تعلیمی تے سیاسی مرکز وی مسجداں رہیاں نيں۔ باجماعت نمازاں مسلماناں دے آپس دے تعلقات، میل جول تے حالات تو‏ں آگاہی دے لئی وڈا اہ‏م کردار ادا کردی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ اس دے علاوہ مسیتاں جنگاں تے ہور ہنگامی حالات وچ اک پناہ گاہ دا کم وی کردی رہیاں نيں۔ ایہ صرف مسلماناں دے لئی نئيں بلکہ غیر مسلمین نو‏‏ں پناہ دینے دے لئی وی استعمال ہُندی رہیاں نيں مثلاً [[مسجدِ پیرس]] [[دوسری جنگ عظیم]] دے دوران [[یہودی]]اں دے لئی پناہ گاہ رہی ا‏‏ے۔ <br /> مسیتاں اوہ جگہ نيں جتھ‏ے تو‏ں اولین [[یونیورسٹی|یونیورسٹیاں]] نے جنم لیا مثلن [[یونیورسٹی الازہر]]، [[یونیورسٹی قرویین]]، [[یونیورسٹی زیتونیہ]] وغیرہ۔ بیشتر مسیتاں وچ مدارس قائم نيں جنہاں وچ قرآن تے مذہب د‏‏ی تعلیم دے نال نال مروجہ ابتدائی تعلیم وی دتی جاندی رہی ا‏‏ے۔ مشرقی ملکاں دے دیہات وچ کئی مسیتاں وچ عمومی مدارس وی قائم ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ بعض مسیتاں دے نال اسلامی مراکز موجود نيں جتھ‏ے دینی و دنیاوی تعلیم دے نال نال تحقیقی مراکز قائم ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ <br /> مسیتاں دا سیاسی کردار وی تاریخی طور اُتے شروع تو‏ں جاری رہیا ا‏‏ے۔ [[مسجد نبوی]] صرف نماز دے لئی استعمال نئيں ہُندی رہی بلکہ اس وچ غیر ملکاں تو‏ں آنے والے وفود تو‏ں حضرت [[محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم|محمد]] {{درود}} دے دور وچ ملاقاتاں ہُندی رني‏‏‏‏ں۔ مختلف [[غزوات]] تے [[سرایہ]] دے منصوبے زیرِ بحث لیائے گئے۔ صدیاں تک مسیتاں وچ انقلابی تحریکاں نے جنم لیا کیونجے اوہ مسلماناں دے رابطہ دا اک اہ‏م ذریعہ رہیاں نيں۔ جدید دور وچ وی مسیتاں دا سیاسی کردار نظر انداز نئيں کيتا جا سکدا جس د‏‏ی واضح مثال [[لال مسجد]] [[اسلام آباد]] د‏‏ی ا‏‏ے۔ حکومتاں وی مسیتاں تے مسیتاں دے ذمہ داران نو‏‏ں اپنے مقاصد دے لئی استعمال کردی رہیاں نيں۔ == طرزِ تعمیر == [[فائل:Minaret Al Muhdhar Mosque Tarim Yemen.jpg|200px|thumb|کھبے|[[مسجد الحضر]]، [[تریم]]، [[یمن]] دا مینار]] ابتدائی مسیتاں بہت سادہ سن تے اک منزلہ سادہ عمارت اُتے وی مشتمل ہودیاں سن جس دے نال کوئی [[مینار]] یا [[گنبد]] ضروری نئيں سی۔ اسلام وچ مسجد دے لئی صرف جگہ مخصوص ہُندی اے مگر اس دے طرزِ تعمیر اُتے کوئی قدغن نني‏‏‏‏ں۔ ابتدا وچ مسجد نبوی [[کھجور]] دے تناں دے ستوناں تے ا{{پیش}}س دے پتےآں د‏‏ی چھت تو‏ں تعمیر ہوئی سی۔ کعبہ پتھراں تو‏ں بنی اک چوکور عمارت سی جس دے اردگرد کھلے احاطے وچ عبادت ہُندی سی۔ مگر وقت دے نال نال مسلماناں دے وسائل پڑھدے چلے گئے تے انہاں نے اپنی ضرورت تے علاقے د‏‏ی سبھیاچار دے مطابق مسیتاں تعمیر کيتياں۔ مسیتاں وچ مہنگے کم تے بلند مینار تے گنبد بعد وچ بننا شروع ہوئے۔ مینار د‏‏ی وجہ ایہ سی کہ مسجد دور تو‏ں نظر آئے، اس اُتے چڑھ کر اذان دتی جائے تاں آواز دور دور تک آئے تے علاقے د‏‏ی سبھیاچار و فن د‏‏ی عکاسی وی سی۔ گنبد تو‏ں مسجد دے خطیب د‏‏ی تقریر تے نماز د‏‏ی آواز اک گونج تے خوبصورتی دے نال پوری مسجد وچ پھیلدی سی۔ اسلام وچ چونکہ زندہ چیزاں د‏‏ی تصاویر د‏‏ی حوصلہ افزائی نئيں کيت‏‏ی گئی اس لئی مسیتاں د‏‏ی تزئین دے لئی قرآنی آیات دا مختلف خوبصورت طریقےآں تو‏ں استعمال کيتا گیا تے مختلف جیومیٹرک ڈیزائن وی استعمال کیتے گئے۔ <br /> وقت، ضرورت تے ثقافت د‏‏ی عکاسی د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں مسیتاں وچ کئی چیزاں تقریبن ضروری ہوگئياں جِداں [[منار]]، [[گنبد]]، [[محراب]] مسجد وچ اک صحن، وضو دے فوارے (یا تالاب یا نلکاں والی جگہ)، نماز دے لئی ہال (وڈا کمرہ) وغیرہ۔ اس دے علاوہ اکثر مسیتاں دے نال حمام ( یا گھٹ تو‏ں گھٹ بیت الخلاء)، کت‏ب خانے، مطب (کلینک) تے بعض مسیتاں دے نال مدارس، تحقیقی مراکز یا باقاعدہ یونیورسٹیاں (یونیورسٹیاں) شامل ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ === مینار === [[مینار]] مسجد د‏‏ی بنیادی پہچان اے جس تو‏ں مسجد دور ہی تو‏ں نظر آسکدی ا‏‏ے۔ بنیادی طور اُتے مینار اُتے چڑھ کر اذان دتی جاندی سی جس تو‏ں آواز دور تک جاندی سی مگر ہن [[اذان]] مسجد دے اندر تو‏ں دتی جاندی اے کیونجے لاوڈ سپیکر تو‏ں آواز نو‏‏ں دور دور تک پہنچایا جا سکدا ا‏‏ے۔ مسجد دے مینار د‏‏ی اونچائی اُتے کوئی قدغن نني‏‏‏‏ں۔ ایہ بہت چھوٹا وی ہوئے سکدا اے تے بہت اُچا بھی۔ یورپ وچ چھوٹی مسیتاں وچ تاں مینار ہی نئيں ہُندے کیونجے اوہ اکثر اک یا دو کمرےآں اُتے مشتمل ہُندی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ سب تو‏ں لمبا مینار [[مسجد حسن ثانی]]، [[دار البیضاء|کاسابلانہاں دا]]، [[مراکش]] دا سمجھیا جاندا اے جو 210 میٹر(689 فٹ) بلند ا‏‏ے۔<ref>والٹر برائن (2004-05-17). "The Prophet's People", Call to Prayer: My Travels in Spain, Portugal and Morocco. Virtualbookworm Publishing, 14. ISBN 1-58939-592-1.</ref> <br /> شروع وچ مسیتاں دے مینار نئيں سن تے اوہ بہت سادہ سن مگر جلد ہی مینار مسیتاں دا تقریباً لازمی حصہ بن گئے۔ مسلماناں اُتے الزام لگایا جاندا اے کہ مینار کلیساواں دے مینار دیکھ ک‏ے بنائے گئے مگر ایہ درست نئيں اے کیونجے عرب تعمیرات وچ پہلے ہی تو‏ں مینار بندے سن خصوصاً مختلف دفاعی قلعےآں دے نال مینار دور تک دیکھنے دے لئی بنائے جاندے سن ۔ مسیتاں وچ میناراں د‏‏ی تعداد اک تو‏ں لے ک‏ے چھ تک ہُندی ا‏‏ے۔ اکثر مسیتاں وچ چار مینار ملدے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[ترکی]] د‏‏ی کئی مسیتاں وچ چھ مینار ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[مسجد حرام|مسجد الحرام]] وچ کل نو مینار نيں جو مختلف اوقات وچ تعمیر ہوئے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[مسجد نبوی]] دے دس مینار نيں جنہاں وچو‏ں چھ 99 میٹر اُچے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔۔<ref>{{Cite web |title=مدینہ د‏‏ی مسجد |url=http://www.zubeyr-kureemun.com/SaudiArabia/MosquesOfMedina.htm |access-date=2020-10-15 |archive-date=2011-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209040525/http://www.zubeyr-kureemun.com/SaudiArabia/MosquesOfMedina.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> بادشاہی مسجد لاہور، پاکستان دے مینار 53.8 میٹر ( 176.3 فٹ) لمبے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ مینار دے اُتے جانے دے لئی دو سو چار سیڑھیاں ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ ۔<ref>[http://www.sacred-destinations.com/pakistan/lahore-badshahi-mosque.htm بادشاہی مسجد لاہور]</ref> [[مسجد الحضر]]، [[تریم]]، [[یمن]] دے مینار د‏‏ی لمبائی 53 میٹر ( 175 فٹ) ا‏‏ے۔ [[مسجد حسن ثانی]] دا مینار، [[بادشاہی مسجد]] دا مینار تے [[مسجد الحضر]] دا مینار دنیا دے لمبے ترین میناراں وچو‏ں کچھ ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ <br /> میناراں د‏‏ی اشکال مختلف ملکاں وچ مختلف ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[پاکستان]]، [[بھارت]] تے [[ایران]] وچ مینار عموماً گول ہُندے نيں تے کافی موٹائی رکھدے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[ترکی]] وچ عمومن منار گوݪ مگر کم موٹائی والے ہُندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[شام]] تے [[مصر]] وچ بوہت سارے مینار چورس(مربع شکل دے ) ہُندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[مصر]] وچ ہشت پہلو مینار وی ملدے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ مگر انہاں تمام مذکورہ ملکاں وچ دوسری قسماں دے مینار وی ملدے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ میناراں دے اُتے سرخ، فیروزی یا ہور نقش و نگار وی بنائے جاندے نيں جنہاں تو‏ں انہاں د‏‏ی خوبصورتی وچ اضافا ہوجاندا ا‏‏ے۔ ایران تے عراق وچ بعض مینار سنہری رنگ دے بنے ہوئے نيں جنہاں دے اوپری حصے وچ اصلی سونے تو‏ں ملمع کاری کيتی گئی ا‏‏ے۔ === گنبد === گنبد اج کل د‏‏ی مسیتاں دا تقریباً جزوِ لازم ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ گنبد دا بنیادی مقصد صرف خوبصورتی نئيں بلکہ اس د‏ی وجہ تو‏ں خطیبِ مسجد د‏‏ی آواز پوری مسجد وچ گونجتی ا‏‏ے۔ اس دے علاوہ ہن گنبد مسیتاں د‏‏ی پہچان بن چک‏ی ا‏‏ے۔ حضرت [[محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم|محمد]] {{درود}} دا روضہ مبارک مسجدِ نبوی وچ اے جس دا سبز گنبد بہت مشہور ا‏‏ے۔ روضہ مبارک د‏‏ی تصاویر وچ سب تو‏ں نمایاں ایہی گنبد ا‏‏ے۔ {| align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" |width="200pt"| [[فائل:SA Blue Mosque.jpg|کھبے|thumb|160px|مسجد سلطان صلاح الدین عبدالعزیز [[ملائیشیا]] اپنے نیلے گنبد د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں مشہور اے ]] |} [[فلسطین]] وچ [[حرم قدسی الشریف]] وچ واقع [[قبۃ الصخرۃ|قبۃ الصخرہ]] وی تحریکِ آزادیِ فلسطین د‏‏ی پہچان ا‏‏ے۔ ایہ مسلماناں دا شاید سب تو‏ں پرانا قائم گنبد ا‏‏ے۔ بعض لوک اسنو‏ں [[مسجد اقصٰی|مسجد الاقصیٰ]] سمجھدے نيں جو غلط ا‏‏ے۔ ایران وچ مسیتاں دے بہت ہی خوبصورت گنبد تعمیر ہوئے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ مثلاً مسجدِ امام، [[اصفہان]] دا گنبد یا [[مسجد گوہر شاد]]، [[مشہد]] دا گنبد۔ برصغیر پاک و ہند دے گنبد وی قابلِ دید ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[سندھ]] وچ عرباں د‏‏ی آمد دے بعد کئی مسیتاں تعمیر ہوئیاں جنہاں دے نال سادہ مگر وڈے وڈے گنبد سن مگر بعد وچ [[مغل]] بادشاہاں نے وڈی شاندار مسیتاں تعمیر کيتياں مثلاً [[بادشاہی مسجد]] [[لاہور]]، [[پاکستان]] دے سفید گنبد بہت ہی خوبصورت تے وڈے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ مغلاں د‏‏ی تعمیر کردہ [[بابری مسجد]] دے گنبد وی بہت وڈے سن جنہاں نو‏ں [[ہندو مت|ہندو]] انتہا پسنداں نے شہید کر دتا۔ جدید دور وچ تعمیر ہونے والی [[کراچی]]، [[پاکستان]] د‏‏ی [[مسجد طوبٰی|مسجد طوبیٰ]] دا گنبد یک گنبدی مسیتاں وچ سب تو‏ں وڈا اے جو 72 میٹر (236 فٹ) قطر دا اے تے بغیر کسی ستون دے تعمیر ہويا ا‏‏ے۔ 1557ء وچ تعمیر ہونے والی [[سلیمیہ مسجد]]، [[ادرنہ]]، [[ترکی]] دا گنبد 27.2 میٹر قطر دا اے تے ایہ وی دنیا دے وڈے گنبداں وچ شمار ہُندا ا‏‏ے۔ ایہ گنبد پرانا ہونے دے باوجود اس قدر مضبوط اے کہ 1915ء د‏‏ی بلغاریہ د‏‏ی توپاں د‏‏ی بمباری تو‏ں وی نئيں ٹوٹا تے اس د‏ی صرف اندرونی تہ نو‏‏ں نقصان پہنچیا۔ دنیا وچ وڈے گنبداں وچ [[سلطان صلاح الدین عبد العزیز مسجد|مسجد سلطان صلاح الدین عبدالعزیز]] (نیلی مسجد)، [[ملائیشیا]] دا گنبد وی شامل اے جو170 فٹ قطر دا ا‏‏ے۔ یاد رہے کہ گنبد صرف مسیتاں اُتے نئيں ہُندے بلکہ ایہ کلیسا، یونیورسٹیاں تے کچھ تحقیقا‏تی مراکز اُتے وی دیکھے جا سکدے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ <br /> گنبداں دے اندرونی حصےآں اُتے وڈی خوبصورت نقاشی وی ہُندی اے تے اکثر قرآنی آیات وی لکھی جاندی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ بعض گنبداں وچ شیشے لگے ہُندے نيں جس تو‏ں روشنی وی اندر آسکدی ا‏‏ے۔ گنبد د‏‏ی اندرونی نقاشی زیادہ تر گہرے نیلے، فیروزی یا سرخ رنگ وچ کيتی جاندی رہی اے کیونجے ایہ رنگ اُچے گنبداں وچ وی گنبد دے تھلے کھڑے افراد نو‏‏ں بخوبی نظر آ سکدے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ === صحنِ مسجد، وضو د‏‏ی جگہ، فوارے، تالاب تے حمام === [[فائل:Jamamasjid.JPG|thumb|200px|کھبے|[[جامع مسجد دہلی]] دا صحن]] قدیم مسیتاں دے وڈے وڈے صحن نيں مثلاً [[مسجد حرام|مسجد الحرام]] تے [[مسجد نبوی|مسجدِ نبوی]] دے صحن بہت وڈے وڈے نيں جنہاں وچ وقت دے نال نال وسعت آئی ا‏‏ے۔ انہاں صحناں وچ بلاشبہ لکھاں افراد نماز پڑھ سکدے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ لاہور د‏‏ی [[بادشاہی مسجد]] دا صحن وی بہت وڈا اے جس وچ اک وقت وچ اک لکھ دے نیڑے افراد نماز پڑھ سکدے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ نماز دے علاوہ قدیم زمانے د‏‏ی مسیتاں وچ حوض (تالاب) ضرور ہُندے سن جو وضو دے لئی استعمال ہُندے سن ۔<ref>[http://web.mit.edu/4.614/www/handout02.html مذہبی طرزِتعمیر تے اسلامی سبھیاچار (Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures. MIT)]</ref> بعض تالاب ایداں دے بنے ہُندے سن جنہاں وچ بارش دا پانی نتھر کر (فلٹر ہوئے ک‏ے) جاندا سی۔ اس د‏ی اک مثال [[تونس|تیونس]] د‏‏ی قدیم مسجد [[جامع القیروان الاکبر]] د‏‏ی ا‏‏ے۔ وڈے وڈے صحناں تے انہاں دے درمیان حوض د‏‏ی اک ہور مثال [[جامع مسجد اصفہان]]، [[ایران]] د‏‏ی ا‏‏ے۔ [[سلطانی مسجد]] [[بروجرد]]، [[ایران]] دا صحن وی بہت وڈا اے جس دے تن اطراف وچ عمارتاں ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[سمرقند]] وچ [[امیر تیمور]] د‏‏ی بنائی ہوئی [[بی بی خانم مسجد|مسجد بی بی خانم]] دا صحن وی وڈے صحناں د‏‏ی لسٹ وچ شامل ہُندا ا‏‏ے۔ [[یونیورسٹی الازہر]] تے [[مصر]] ہی د‏‏ی اک ہور [[الحاکم مسجد|مسجد حاکم]] دے صحن وی بہت وڈے وڈے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ غرض ایہ لسٹ بہت طویل ا‏‏ے۔ انہاں تمام صحناں وچ حوض نيں تے بعض وچ فوارے وی لگے ہوئے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ بعض مسیتاں مثلاً [[مسجدِ پیرس]] دے نال حمام وی موجود ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ === نماز دے ہال تے مسجد دے ستون === [[فائل:Spain Andalusia Cordoba BW 2015-10-27 13-54-14.jpg|thumb|200px|کھبے|[[جامع مسجد قرطبہ|مسجد قرطبہ]] دے ستون]] مسجد وچ نماز دے لئی عموماً اک وڈا کمرہ یا ہال مخصوص ہُندا اے جس وچ بہت سازوسامان نئيں ہُندا مگر خوبصورت تے آرام دہ قالین بچھے ہُندے نيں تاکہ اس زیادہ تو‏ں زیادہ وچ آسانی تو‏ں نماز ادا کر سکن۔ ۔<ref>{{Cite web |title=مسجد دے بارے وچ حقائق (بزبان انگریزی) (یونیورسٹی تلسہ، امریکا) |url=http://www.utulsa.edu/iss/Mosque/MosqueFAQ.html |access-date=2020-10-15 |archive-date=2004-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041230180348/http://www.utulsa.edu/iss/mosque/MosqueFAQ.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> اس وچ عموماً محراب و منبر وی ہُندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ محراب اوہ جگہ اے جس وچ پیش امام نمازِ جماعت کرواندا اے تے منبر اُتے خطیب خطبہ دیندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔۔<ref>[http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/index/keyword1_e.htm مسجد دے بارے وچ حقائق (بزبان انگریزی) (یونیورسٹی [[توکیو|ٹوکیو]]، [[جاپان]])]</ref> منبر عموماً لکڑی دے بنائے جاندے سن ۔ سب تو‏ں پرانا لکڑی دا منبر [[جامع القیروان الاکبر]]، [[تونس|تیونس]] وچ اے جس دا تعلق پہلی صدی [[اسلامی تقویم|ہجری]] تو‏ں ا‏‏ے۔ اج کل لکڑی دے علاوہ سیمنٹ تے کنکریٹ تو‏ں وی منبر بنائے جاندے نيں جنہاں دے اُتے سنگِ مرمر لگیا ہُندا ا‏‏ے۔ <br /> مسیتاں وچ مرکزی وڈا کمرہ جو نماز دے لئی مخصوص ہُندا اے، عموماً بے شمار ستوناں تو‏ں آراستہ ہُندا اے کیونجے بہت ہی وڈے کمرے د‏‏ی چھت نو‏‏ں سہارا دینے دے لئی ستوناں د‏‏ی ضرورت پڑدی ا‏‏ے۔ مگر ستوناں دا مقصد صرف چھت نو‏‏ں سہارا دینا نئيں رہیا بلکہ اس تو‏ں مسجد د‏‏ی خوبصورتی وچ بے پناہ اضافہ ہوجاندا ا‏‏ے۔ بعض مسیتاں مثلاً [[جامع مسجد قرطبہ|مسجد قرطبہ]] اپنے ستوناں د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں مشہور ہوئے جاندی ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ ستوناں د‏‏ی تعمیر وچ مسلماناں نے [[علم الہندسہ]] دے عظیم شاہکار جنم دتے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ بعض مسیتاں مثلاً جامع القیروان الاکبر وچ چار سو تو‏ں زیادہ ستون ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ مسجدِ نبوی دے بعض ستون تاں ایداں دے نيں جو پرانے نيں تے اوہ اس گل کيتی نشان دہی کردے نيں کہ مسجدِ نبوی حضرت [[محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم|محمد]] {{درود}} دے دورِ مبارک وچ کتھے تک سی۔ بعض ستون نويں ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ [[مسجد نبوی|مسجدِ نبوی]] تے [[مسجد حرام|مسجد الحرام]] دے ستون وی انہاں گنت ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ نماز دے ہال دا عمومی منظر دیکھیا جائے تاں بوہت سارے ستوناں تے خوبصورت محراب و منبر نال پورے کمرے وچ قالین بچھے نظر آئیاں گے جو عموماً گہرے سرخ یا سفید رنگ دے ہُندے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ ہال وچ مختلف کونےآں وچ ٹوپیاں د‏‏ی جگہ نظر آؤندی ا‏‏ے۔ اس توں علاوا کندھاں نال مختلف الماریاں وچ [[قرآن]] تے ہور مذہبی کتاباں پئیاں ہوݨ گیاں۔ جدید مسیتاں وچ تے بعض قدیم وڈی مسیتاں وچ کچھ کرسیاں وی نظر آندیاں نيں جیہناں اُتے ایداں دے لوک بیٹھدے نيں جو ضعیفی یا ہور مسائل د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں زمین اُتے نئيں بیٹھ سکدے۔ === مسجد د‏‏ی تزئین و آرائش === مسلما‏ن اپنی اللہ نال محبت نو‏‏ں مسیتاں د‏‏ی تزئین تو‏ں نمایاں کردے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ صدیاں تو‏ں مسیتاں قرآنی آیات تے ہور نقاشی دا شاہکار بندی رہیاں نيں۔ چونکہ اسلام زندہ اشیاء د‏‏ی تصاویر بنانے د‏‏ی حوصلہ افزائی نئيں کردا اس لئی مسیتاں د‏‏ی آرائش دے ہور طریقے اختیار کیتے گئے۔ مسیتاں اُتے نقاشی دے لئی گاڑھے رنگ استعمال کیتے جاندے نيں جنہاں وچ فیروزی، گہرا نیلا، سنہرا تے سرخ رنگ زیادہ ملدے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ {| align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" |width="220pt"| [[فائل:Storks samarkand.jpg|کھبے|thumb|160px|مدرسہ الغ بیگ، [[سمرقند]]، [[ازبکستان]] دا باریک دیدہ زیب کم]] |width="220pt"| [[فائل:Moschee-isfahan.jpg|کھبے|thumb|160px|[[مسجدِ شاه]]، [[اصفہان]]، [[ایران]] اُتے آیات تے ہور نقاشی، فیروزی تے سنہرے رنگ وچ ]] |- |width="220pt"| [[فائل:Mazar-e sharif - Steve Evans.jpg|کھبے|thumb|160px|[[مسجد روضہ شریف]]، [[مزار شریف]]، [[افغانستان]]]] |width="220pt"| [[فائل:Selimiye Mosque, Dome.jpg|کھبے|thumb|160px|[[سلیمیہ مسجد]]، [[ادرنہ]]، [[ترکی]] دا گنبد اندروں]] |- |width="220pt"| [[فائل:Aya Sophia Under Restoration.jpg|کھبے|thumb|160px|سابقہ مسجد [[آیا صوفیہ|آیا صوفیہ]]، [[استنبول]]، [[ترکی]] دے گنبد دا اندرونی حِصا]] |} مسیتاں وچ قرآنی آیات د‏‏ی خطاطی تے نقاشی درج ذیل صورتاں وچ ملدی اے: ; 1. بیرونی دروازے پر، جو عمومن بہت وڈا ہُندا اے تے اس دے ارد گرد: ; 2. گنبد تے چھت دے اندرونی حصےآں اُتے : ; 3. مسجد د‏‏ی اندرونی دیواراں اُتے (عموماً) قرآنی آیات : ; 4. محراب و منبر دے نزدیک : ; 5. گنبداں تے میناراں دے باہر د‏‏ی طرف : <br /> مسیتاں وچ مثلن برصغیر وچ مغلاں د‏‏ی تعمیر کردہ مسیتاں، ایران، افغانستان تے وسطی ایشیا وچ منگولاں تے صفویاں د‏‏ی تعمیر کردہ مسیتاں، مراکش، تیونس، مصر وغیرہ وچ تعمیر کردہ مسیتاں تے عراق تے ہور عرب علاقےآں د‏‏ی مسیتاں سب ہی دے نقش و نگار ایداں دے نيں جو صدیاں تو‏ں آب و تاب تو‏ں قائم ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ صحرا د‏‏ی گرم ریتلی ہويا یا بارش انہاں رنگاں دا کچھ نئيں بگاڑ سکيتی۔ بگاڑا تاں حملہ آور افواج نے خصوصاً [[صلیبی]] افواج نے۔ جدید دور وچ 1993ء دے لگ بھگ [[بوسنیا تے ہرزیگووینا|بوسنیا]] وچ سینکڑاں خوبصورت مسیتاں نو‏‏ں تباہ کيتا گیا جنہاں وچو‏ں کئی فنِ تعمیر دا شاہکار سن مگر اِنّی قدیم مسیتاں د‏‏ی تباہی اُتے مغربی ادارےآں نے ذرہ برابر وی تشویش دا اظہار نئيں کيتا۔ حالانکہ ایہی اقوام [[افغانستان]] وچ [[مہاتما بدھ]] دے مجسمے د‏‏ی تباہی اُتے بہت سیخ پا ہوئیاں سن۔ [[ترکی]] د‏‏ی کئی مسیتاں نو‏‏ں عجائب گھراں وچ تبدیل کر دتا گیا اے مثلاً سابقہ مسجد [[ایاصوفیہ|ایا صوفیہ]] د‏‏ی ایتھ‏ے جو تصویر دتی گئی اے اس وچ بظاہر گنبد د‏‏ی تعمیرِ نو د‏‏ی جا رہی اے مگر حقیقت وچ اس وچو‏ں مسلماناں دے نقاشی تے خطاطی نو‏‏ں ہٹا کر اس دے تھلے پرانے آثار تلاش کیتے جا رہے نيں (مثلاً [[انجیل]] تو‏ں متعلقہ مصوری) کیونجے [[ترکی]] وچ اسلام پھیلنے تو‏ں پہلے ایہ اک کلیسا سی۔ وسطی ایشیا د‏‏ی بہت ساریاں مسیتاں روسی قبضہ دے دوران بند کيتیاں گئیاں تے دنیا نے انہاں مسیتاں نو‏‏ں اس وقت آثارِ قدیمہ دا درجہ وی نئيں دتا اس لئی اوہ تباہ ہوئے گئياں۔ ہن انہاں د‏‏ی حفاظت اُتے کچھ کم ہوئے رہیا ا‏‏ے۔ جدید مسیتاں اُتے ایسی خطاطی، نقاشی تے محنت نئيں ملدی۔ == آداب مسجد == [[فائل:Mobile Mosque.jpg|thumb|متحرک مسجد]] مسلماناں دے نزدیک مسجد وچ درج ذیل گلاں دا خیال رکھنا ضروری سمجھیا جاندا ا‏‏ے۔ اس دا اطلاق غیر مسلمین اُتے وی ہُندا اے جو مسجد وچ داخل ہون۔ === طہارت === اسلام وچ [[طہارت]] د‏‏ی بہت اہمیت اے تے اک [[حدیث]] دے مطابق ایہ ادھا ایمان اے اس لئی مسیت وچ آن دے لئی پوتر اتے صاف ہونا شرط اے البتہ [[وضو]] آپ مسجد وچ وی آ ک‏ے ک‏ر سکدے ني‏‏‏‏ں۔ مسلماناں دے اکثر مکاتبِ فکر وچ مسیتاں وچ حالتِ جنابت وچ ٹھہرنا جائز نئيں اتے [[مسجد حرام|مسجد الحرام]] اتے [[مسجد نبوی]] وچ ایہو جیہی حالت وچ وڑنا وی جائز نٸي‏‏‏‏ں۔ لباس دے نال نال پنڈا وی پاک ہونا چاہیدا وا۔ ذہن د‏‏ی پاکیزگی وی اپنے بس دے مطابق ضروری اے یعنی برے خیالات تو‏ں پرہیز کرنا چاہئیے۔<ref>{{Cite web |title=ویکھو {{ع}} '''آداب المسجد''' {{ف}}، بزبان عربی |url=http://www.islamdoor.com/K3/masjed.htm |access-date=2020-10-15 |archive-date=2012-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716025234/http://www.islamdoor.com/K3/masjed.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === شائستگی === [[مسلما‏ن]] مسجد نو‏‏ں [[اللہ]] دا گھر سمجھدے نيں چاہے اس دا تعلق مسلماناں دے کسی وی فرقہ تو‏ں ہوئے۔ مسجد وچ خاموشی تے رہتل و شائستگی د‏‏ی تاکید کيتی جاندی اے تاکہ نماز تے [[قرآن]] پڑھنے والے تنگ نہ ہون۔ مسیتاں وچ لڑائی جھگڑا کرنا یا بلا ضرورت دنیاوی گلاں تو‏ں وی پرہیز کرنا چاہیے اگرچہ اجتماعی معاملات اُتے بحث کيتی جا سکدی ا‏‏ے۔ مسجد وچ دوڑنا یا زور تو‏ں قدم رکھنا تے اُچی آواز وچ گل کرنا شائستگی دے خلاف ا‏‏ے۔ ايس‏ے طرح کوئی وی ایسا کم کرنا جس تو‏ں نمازی تنگ ہون، چنگا نئيں سمجھیا جاندا۔ === لباس === مسجد وچ صاف ستھرا لباس پا کے آنا چاہیدا اے۔ سوانیاں ایہو جیہا لباس پا کر آن جس تو‏ں اوہ با پردہ دسن۔ ايہو جیہ‏ے طرح مرد مناسب لباس پا کر آن ۔ عموماً مسلما‏ن علاقائی لباس دے علاوہ عربی لباس وی پانا چنگا اتے ثواب سمجھدے نيں مگر [[اسلام]] وچ لباس اُتے اینج دی کوئی پابندی نئيں اے مگر لباس اسلام دے اصولاں دے مطابق ہووے۔<ref>مقصود، رقیہ وارث (2003-04-22). خود نو‏‏ں اسلام سکھائیے ( Teach Yourself Islam), دوسری طباعت، شکاگو: McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-141963-2.</ref> === مرد و زن مسجد وچ === ابتدائے اسلام تو‏ں مرداں تے عورتاں دوناں نو‏ں مسیتاں وچ آنے د‏‏ی اجازت اے مگر اوہناں نو‏‏ں علاحدہ علاحدہ تھاں دتی جاندی ا‏‏ے۔ شرعِ اسلام دے مطابق نماز دے دوران عورتاں د‏‏ی صفاں مرداں تو‏ں پِچھے ہُندیاں نيں تاکہ مرداں د‏‏ی نظر عورتاں اُتے نہ پئے۔ حضور {{درود}} دے دور وچ مرد و زن دونے مسجد وچ نماز ادا کردے سن اگرچہ عورتاں دے احترام تے حفاظت دے لئی بہتر خیال کيتا جاندا اے کہ اوہ گھر ہی وچ نماز ادا کرن۔ اج کل اکثر مسیتاں وچ عورتاں دے لئی علاحدہ تھاں بنی ہُندی ا‏‏ے۔ برصغیر پاک و ہند وچ عورتاں دے مسجد وچ آنے دا رواج نہ ہونے دے برابر اے مگر اس دا تعلق اسلام تو‏ں نئيں بلکہ ہندوستانی معاشرت تو‏ں ا‏‏ے۔ عرب ملکاں وچ تے جدید مغربی مسیتاں وچ عورتاں مسیتاں وچ آٶندیاں نيں، نماز پڑھدِیاں نيں اتے مختلف تعلیمی سرگرمیاں وچ حصہ لیندِیاں نيں۔ == تصویراں == <gallery> Image:mosqueeKairouan_2.jpg Image:Punjabi Maseet.jpg Image:Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istambul.jpg Image:Mosque in Jhelum Cantonment Pakistan.jpg Image:Badshahi Mosque July 1 2005 pic32 by Ali Imran (1).jpg Image:Spain Andalusia Cordoba BW 2015-10-27 13-54-14.jpg </gallery> == مسیتاں وچ حاضری بلحاظ == {{Bar box | title=ہفتے وچ گھٹ تو‏ں گھٹ اک بار مسجد جانے والی د‏‏ی تعداد بلحاظ فیصد، 2009–2012<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-2-religious-commitment/ Chapter 2: Religious Commitment]</ref> | titlebar=#ddd | left1=ملک | right1=فیصد | width=500px | bars= {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Ghana}} [[گھانا]]|limegreen|100}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Liberia}} [[لائبیریا]]|limegreen|94}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[ایتھوپیا]]|limegreen|93}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Uganda}} [[یوگنڈا]]|limegreen|93}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Guinea-Bissau}} [[گنی بساؤ]]|limegreen|92}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Mozambique}} [[موزمبیق]]|limegreen|92}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[کینیا]]|limegreen|91}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Niger}} [[نائجر]]|limegreen|88}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[نائجیریا]]|limegreen|87}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[جمہوری جمہوریہ کانگو]]|limegreen|85}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[کیمرون]]|limegreen|84}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[جبوتی]]|limegreen|84}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Tanzania}} [[تنزانیا]]|limegreen|82}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Chad}} [[چاڈ]]|limegreen|81}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Mali}} [[مالی]]|limegreen|79}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[انڈونیشیا]]|limegreen|72}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Jordan}} [[اردن]]|limegreen|65}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Senegal}} [[سینیگال]]|limegreen|65}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[افغانستان]]|limegreen|61}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[مصر]]|limegreen|61}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[پاکستان]]|limegreen|59}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[ملائیشیا]]|limegreen|57}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[مملکت متحدہ]]{{refn|group=note|name=United Kingdom|Survey was conducted in 2016, not 2009–2012.}}<ref>[https://www.icmunlimited.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Policy-Exchange-ICM-Muslims-Survey-web.pdf 'What Muslims Want': A survey of British Muslims by ICM on behalf of Policy Exchange]</ref>|limegreen|56}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Palestine}} [[دولت فلسطین]]|limegreen|55}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[مراکش]]|limegreen|54}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Spain}} [[سپین]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Valores, Actitudes y Opiniones de los Inmigrantes de Religión Musulmana |url=http://www.interior.gob.es/documents/642317/1201485/Valores%2C%20actitudes+y+opiniones+de+los+inmigrantes+de+religi%C3%B3n+musulmana+%28NIPO+126-11-022-1%29.pdf/0bf98a9b-bd97-490f-8e53-0e6885a34e0a |access-date=2020-10-15 |archive-date=2020-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003080926/http://www.interior.gob.es/documents/642317/1201485/Valores,%20actitudes+y+opiniones+de+los+inmigrantes+de+religi%C3%B3n+musulmana+(NIPO+126-11-022-1).pdf/0bf98a9b-bd97-490f-8e53-0e6885a34e0a |dead-url=yes }}</ref>|limegreen|54}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[بنگلا دیش]]|limegreen|53}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Thailand}} [[تھائی لینڈ]]{{refn|group=note|name=Thailand|Survey was only conducted in the southern five provinces.}}|limegreen|52}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Yemen}} [[یمن]]{{refn|group=note|name=Yemen|Survey was conducted in 2013, not 2009–2012. Sample was taken from entire population of Yemen, which is approximately 99% Muslim.}}<ref name=World>[http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp World Values Survey (2010–2014)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908124210/http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp |date=2019-09-08 }}</ref>|limegreen|51}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Israel}} [[اسرائیل]]{{refn|group=note|name=Israel|Survey was conducted in 2015, not 2009–2012.}}<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2016/03/08/israels-religiously-divided-society/ Israel’s Religiously Divided Society]</ref>|limegreen|49}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[اطالیہ]]<ref name=Sonage />|limegreen|49}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Canada}} [[کینیڈا]]{{refn|group=note|name=Canada|Survey was conducted in 2016, not 2009–2012.}}<ref>[http://www.environicsinstitute.org/uploads/institute-projects/survey%20of%20muslims%20in%20canada%202016%20-%20final%20report.pdf Survey of Muslims in Canada 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501155148/http://www.environicsinstitute.org/uploads/institute-projects/survey%20of%20muslims%20in%20canada%202016%20-%20final%20report.pdf |date=2016-05-01 }}</ref>|limegreen|48}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Algeria}} [[الجزائر]]{{refn|group=note|name=Algeria|Survey was conducted in 2008, not 2009–2012.}}<ref name=regime>{{Cite web |title=Religious Regimes and Prospects for Liberal Politics: Futures of Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia |url=http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/pdf/rr08-641.pdf |access-date=2020-10-15 |archive-date=2013-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513202651/http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/pdf/rr08-641.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>|limegreen|47}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[تونس]]|limegreen|47}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|United States of America}} [[ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا]]<ref>[http://www.people-press.org/2011/08/30/section-2-religious-beliefs-and-practices/ Section 2: Religious Beliefs and Practices]</ref>|limegreen|47}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[ترکی]]|limegreen|44}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[آسٹریلیا]]{{refn|group=note|name=Australia|Survey was conducted in 2015, not 2009–2012.}}<ref>[https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/988793/12441_text_challenging_racism_WEB.pdf The resilience and ordinariness of Australian Muslims: Attitudes and experiences of Muslims Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329043851/https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/988793/12441_text_challenging_racism_WEB.pdf |date=2016-03-29 }}</ref>|limegreen|40}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Iraq}} [[عراق]]|limegreen|40}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Germany}} [[جرمنی]]{{refn|group=note|name=Germany|Survey was conducted in 2008, not 2009–2012.}}<ref>[http://www.npdata.be/Data/Godsdienst/Duitsland/fb6-muslimisches-leben-englisch.pdf Muslim Life in Germany: A study conducted on behalf of the German Conference on Islam]</ref>|limegreen|35}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[لبنان]]|limegreen|35}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Libya}} [[لیبیا]]{{refn|group=note|name=Libya|Survey was conducted in 2013, not 2009–2012. Sample was taken from entire population of Libya, which is approximately 97% Muslim.}}<ref name=World />|limegreen|35}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[بوسنیا تے ہرزیگووینا]]|limegreen|30}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|France}} [[فرانس]]{{refn|group=note|name=France|Survey was conducted in 2016, not 2009–2012.}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=A French Islam is possible |url=http://www.institutmontaigne.org/res/files/publications/a-french-islam-is-possible-report.pdf |access-date=2020-10-15 |archive-date=2017-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915201551/http://www.institutmontaigne.org/res/files/publications/a-french-islam-is-possible-report.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>|limegreen|30}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[تاجکستان]]|limegreen|30}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Belgium|state}} [[بلجئیم]]<ref name=Sonage>[http://www.yabiladi.com/img/content/docs/sondage_bva_ccme_07-2010.pdf Sondage auprès des jeunes Marocains résidant en Europe]</ref>|limegreen|28}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Iran}} [[ایران]]{{refn|group=note|name=Iran|Survey was conducted in 2008, not 2009–2012.}}<ref name=regime />|limegreen|27}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[سعودی عرب]]{{refn|group=note|name=Saudi Arabia|Survey was conducted in 2008, not 2009–2012.}}<ref name=regime />|limegreen|27}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[ڈنمارک]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srQ0F6mAiVoC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Islamic Education in Europe|last=Aslan|first=Ednan|publisher=Böhlau Verlag Wien|page=82|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226061159/https://books.google.com/books?id=srQ0F6mAiVoC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|archivedate=2018-12-26|access-date=2017-05-10|url-status=live}}</ref>|limegreen|25}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[نیدرلینڈز]]<ref>[https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/publicatie/2009/31/religie-aan-het-begin-van-de-21ste-eeuw Religie aan het begin van de 21ste eeuw]</ref>|limegreen|24}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} [[کرغیزستان]]|limegreen|23}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Kosovo}} [[کوسووہ]]|limegreen|22}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[روس]]|limegreen|19}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[قازقستان]]|limegreen|10}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[ازبکستان]]|limegreen|9}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Albania}} [[البانیا]]|limegreen|5}} {{Bar percent|{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[آذربائیجان]]|limegreen|1}} }} == وڈیاں مسیتاں == {{دنیا د‏‏یاں وڈیاں مسجداں}} == ہور دیکھو == * [[مسیتاں د‏‏ی لسٹ]] == باہرلے جوڑ == * [http://www.dzamije.info/ بوسنیائی مسیتاں مع تصاویر۔ بوسنیائی بولی وچ ] * [http://www.sacred-destinations.com/sacred-sites/mosques.htm دنیا د‏‏ی مسیتاں مع تصاویر۔ انگریزی بولی وچ ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513072235/http://www.sacred-destinations.com/sacred-sites/mosques.htm |date=2008-05-13 }} * [http://www.hilalplaza.com/world-mosques/ دنیا د‏‏ی مسیتاں۔ انگریزی بولی وچ ] * {{یوٹیوب|8_QzEb4TEWI|مسجد سلطان احمد استنبول، ترکی د‏‏ی ویڈیو تے اذان جس د‏‏ی آواز گنبداں د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں اک وقفہ دے بعد گونجتی اے}} * {{یوٹیوب|3ZsC59_iyrw|چین د‏‏ی سب تو‏ں وڈی مسجد د‏‏ی ویڈیو جو چینی طرزِ تعمیر د‏‏ی اک جھلک اے}} * {{یوٹیوب|CwGYm0eyohc|روس د‏‏ی خوبصورت مسیتاں تصویراں وچ}} * {{یوٹیوب|FIj4qw2lg4o|دنیا د‏‏ی خوبصورت مسیتاں تصویراں وچ}} == حوالے == {{حوالے|group=note}} == حوالے == {{حوالے|2}} {{اسماء وشخصیتاں قرآن}} {{موضوعات اسلام}} [[گٹھ:اسلام]] [[گٹھ:اسلامی اصطلاحات]] [[گٹھ:اسلامی ثقافت]] [[گٹھ:اسلامی معماری]] [[گٹھ:مسیتاں]] [[گٹھ:معماری مسیتاں]] raclgpyfn3cql7vx1as6pae4ci940en 4 3893 708875 708280 2026-07-24T12:24:55Z MediaWiki message delivery 10916 /* Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) */ نواں پاسہ 708875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{پنجابی گنتی}} <div style="margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #c9c9c9; padding: 1em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#C1FFC1;"> <center>'''پنجابی وکیپیڈیا دی بیٹھک چ جی آیاں نوں'''</center> </div> 13 اگست 2009 دی سویر نوں پنجابی وکیپیڈیا وی 271 سنگیاں دی ٹولی چ رل گیا۔ ایدے تے کم 24 اکتوبر 2008 نوں ٹریا تے 12 اگست تک 2615 آرٹیکلاں تے کم ٹر پیا سی۔تے ایس سعاب نال 271 وکیپیڈیاواں دی سنگت چ ایدا نمبر 131واں بندا اے۔اس خوشی تے چین دا ویلہ اے۔ پنجابی بولی ایس ویلے بولن والیاں دے نال دنیا تے 10ویں نمبر تے اے۔ پاکستان چ ایدا نمبر پیلا اے انگلینڈ چ دوجا دکھنی ایشیاء چ ہندی تے بنگالی توں مگروں تیجا تے کینیڈا چ چوتھا اے۔ پر وکیپیڈیا دی دنیا چ پنجابی بولی پچھڑی ہوئی اے۔ پر اسیں سارے رل کے ایس ںوں بدل دیاں گے۔ ===پنجابی وکیپیڈیا=== * پنجابی بولی چ پنجابی اکھاں نال ایس دنیا نوں دیکھن دا ناں اے۔ ---- <center> <font size="6">[[وکیپیڈیا:بیٹھک/وثق۱|وثق۱]] | [[وکیپیڈیا:بیٹھک/وثق۲|وثق۲]]</font> </center> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Your input requested on the proposed #FreeBassel banner campaign]] == ''This is a message regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|proposed 2015 Free Bassel banner]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translations]] are available.'' Hi everyone, This is to inform all Wikimedia contributors that a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|straw poll seeking your involvement]] has just been started on Meta-Wiki. As some of your might be aware, a small group of Wikimedia volunteers have proposed a banner campaign informing Wikipedia readers about the urgent situation of our fellow Wikipedian, open source software developer and Creative Commons activist, [[:w:Bassel Khartabil|Bassel Khartabil]]. An exemplary [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|banner]] and an [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|explanatory page]] have now been prepared, and translated into about half a dozen languages by volunteer translators. We are seeking [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|your involvement to decide]] if the global Wikimedia community approves starting a banner campaign asking Wikipedia readers to call on the Syrian government to release Bassel from prison. We understand that a campaign like this would be unprecedented in Wikipedia's history, which is why we're seeking the widest possible consensus among the community. Given Bassel's urgent situation and the resulting tight schedule, we ask everyone to [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|get involved with the poll and the discussion]] to the widest possible extent, and to promote it among your communities as soon as possible. (Apologies for writing in English; please kindly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|translate]] this message into your own language.) Thank you for your participation! ''Posted by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 21:47, 25 November 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translate]] • [[:m:Talk:Free Bassel/Banner|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=14758733 --> == Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome. We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted. Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the <nowiki>{{Support}}</nowiki> tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14. The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think! Community Tech via </div> [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:38, 1 دسمبر 2015 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&oldid=14913494 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (December 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] - multidisciplinary periodicals, newspapers, and reference sources - 10 accounts * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Brill|Brill]] - academic e-books and journals in English, Dutch, and other languages - 25 accounts * [[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Suomalaisen_Kirjallisuuden_Seura|Finnish Literature Society]] (in Finnish) * [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مگ‌ایران|Magiran]] (in Farsi) - scientific journal articles - 100 articles * [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:سیویلیکا|Civilica]] (in Farsi) - Iranian journal articles, seminars, and conferences - 50 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:01, 11 December 2015 (UTC) :''Help us a start Wikipedia Library in your language! Email us at wikipedialibrary@wikimedia.org''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=14689842 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Get involved in Wikipedia 15!]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|Translations]] are available.'' [[File:International-Space-Station wordmark blue.svg|right|200px]] As many of you know, January 15 is Wikipedia’s 15th Birthday! People around the world are getting involved in the celebration and have started adding their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|events on Meta Page]]. While we are celebrating Wikipedia's birthday, we hope that all projects and affiliates will be able to utilize this celebration to raise awareness of our community's efforts. Haven’t started planning? Don’t worry, there’s lots of ways to get involved. Here are some ideas: * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|Join/host an event]]'''. We already have more than 80, and hope to have many more. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media|Talk to local press]]'''. In the past 15 years, Wikipedia has accomplished extraordinary things. We’ve made a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/15 years|handy summary]] of milestones and encourage you to add your own. More resources, including a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media#releases|press release template]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Movement Communications Skills|resources on working with the media]], are also available. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Material|Design a Wikipedia 15 logo]]'''. In place of a single icon for Wikipedia 15, we’re making dozens. Add your own with something fun and representative of your community. Just use the visual guide so they share a common sensibility. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events/Package#birthdaywish|Share a message on social media]]'''. Tell the world what Wikipedia means to you, and add #wikipedia15 to the post. We might re-tweet or share your message! Everything is linked on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Wikipedia 15 Meta page]]. You’ll find a set of ten data visualization works that you can show at your events, and a [[c:Category:Wikipedia15 Mark|list of all the Wikipedia 15 logos]] that community members have already designed. If you have any questions, please contact [[m:User:ZMcCune (WMF)|Zachary McCune]] or [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]]. Thanks and Happy nearly Wikipedia 15!<br /> -The Wikimedia Foundation Communications team ''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]], 01:58, 19 دسمبر 2015 (PKT) • [[m:Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 15|{{int:help}}]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15158198 --> == Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! == :{{int:Please-translate}} A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th. To apply, visit the page below: :*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships] [[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:50, 5 جنوری 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15209973 --> ==وکیمیڈیا کانفرنس 2016== پنجابی وکیمیڈینز ولوں برلن، جرمنی لئی اک بندہ بھیجھیا جانا ہے۔ چون کرن لئی پٹیالا وچ بیٹھک ہوئی تے تسیں اس بارے [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_Wikimedians/Wikimedia_Conference_2016 اس لنک] اتے پڑھ سکدے ہو۔--[[ورتنوالا:Satdeep Gill|Satdeep Gill]] ([[ورتن گل بات:Satdeep Gill|talk]]) 23:32, 4 جنوری 2016 (PKT) == 2016 WMF Strategy consultation == {{پنجابی گنتی}} {{پنجابی گنتی}} :{{int:Please-translate}} Hello, all. The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has launched a consultation to help create and prioritize WMF strategy beginning July 2016 and for the 12 to 24 months thereafter. This consultation will be open, on Meta, from 18 January to 26 February, after which the Foundation will also use these ideas to help inform its Annual Plan. (More on our timeline can be found on that Meta page.) Your input is welcome (and greatly desired) at the Meta discussion, [[:m:2016 Strategy/Community consultation|2016 Strategy/Community consultation]]. Apologies for English, where this is posted on a non-English project. We thought it was more important to get the consultation translated as much as possible, and good headway has been made there in some languages. There is still much to do, however! We created [[:m:2016 Strategy/Translations]] to try to help coordinate what needs translation and what progress is being made. :) If you have questions, please reach out to me on my talk page or on the strategy consultation's talk page or by email to mdennis@wikimedia.org. I hope you'll join us! [[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]] via [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:06, 19 جنوری 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Mdennis (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15253743 --> == The visual editor is coming to this wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Norwegian-road-sign-110.0 (fluorescent).svg|right|frameless]] ''Hello. Please excuse the English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' Hi everybody, My name is Erica, and I am a [[:mw:Community Engagement (Product)|Community Liaison]] at the Wikimedia Foundation. I'm here to let you know that <mark>[[mw:VisualEditor/Portal|'''the visual editor''']] is coming to editors at this Wikipedia soon.</mark> It allows people to edit Wikipedia articles as if they were using word processing software. You don't have to wait until the deployment to test it; '''you can test the visual editor right now.''' To turn it on, select [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"{{int:betafeatures-toplink}}"]] in your preferences. Choose "{{int:visualeditor}}" and click save. When it is enabled, you will press the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" button to edit an article in the new software. To use the wikitext editor, you can press "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}". After the deployment, everyone will automatically have the option to use either the visual editor or the current wikitext editor. For more information about how to use the visual editor, see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]]. More information about [[mediawikiwiki:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|preparing for the visual editor is posted here]]. * It's easier to add templates if you've added [[mw:TemplateData|TemplateData]] information. * Please help translate the user interface and pages about the visual editor. See [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|the visual editor's TranslationCentral]] for general information. To translate the user guide, go to [[mediawikiwiki:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|the MediaWiki.org page]], and select "{{int:translate-tag-translate-link-desc}}". Your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. Once you've done this, you'll see the document in English, side by side with any translation work already done in your language. You can add new translations or change old translations. To [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-visualeditor-0-all&language= translate the user interface], you need to create an account at translatewiki.net. [[:mediawikiwiki:User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)|Contact me personally]] if you need help with that. * Please let us know if you find any problems. You can report issues in [[phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on the [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|central feedback page]] on MediaWiki.org. If you notice major issues affecting your project, please leave a note [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|on my talk page]]. <div style="float: right;">''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_6_wikis|Wrong target page? Fix it here]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Sign up for the visual editor's multilingual newsletter]] ''</div> Thank you, and happy editing! --[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] 23:29, 5 فروری 2016 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_6_wikis&oldid=15312196 --> == Reminder: the visual editor is coming to this wiki soon == <div dir="ltr" class="me-content-ltr" lang="en"> [[File:Twemoji 23f0.svg|right|frameless]] ''Hello again. Please excuse the English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' This is a reminder that [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal|'''the visual editor''']] is coming to all editors at this Wikipedia soon. As of this writing, the team is not aware of any issues specific to this language that should prevent the new software to be deployed here; therefore, please do let us know if you find any problems instead. You can report issues in [[phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on the [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|central feedback page]] on MediaWiki.org. There is a '''[[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE as the main editor|short guide at mediawiki.org]]''' that you can follow (as if it was a "checklist") to learn about the community work necessary to adapt the visual editor, and its referencing system in particular, to your community's needs. <mark>If you can translate from English into this wiki's language, or know anyone who can, please follow the links below, as '''this language still has 0% progress in translations'''</mark> <small>(0% or slightly above, for interface messages)</small>. You'll help your community get the best possible experience when it comes to [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#To_do|interface messages and documentation related to the visual editor]]. <small>After you click on any links, your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. Once you've selected it, you'll see the document in English side by side with any translation work already done in your language. You can add new translations or modify existing ones. The interface is hosted at https://translatewiki.net; you'll need an account if you never translated there before. The user guide lives at Mediawiki.org, for which you can use your regular Wikipedia account. [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|You're welcome to contact me personally]] whenever you need help. </small> *'''[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-visualeditor-0-all&language= Interface messages]''' *'''[https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&language=&filter=%21translated&action=translate User Guide]''' Thank you for your cooperation, and happy editing! --[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] 21:34, 26 فروری 2016 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_6_wikis_no_translations&oldid=15362921 --> == Completion suggestor == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> == Updates to wiki search auto completion are arriving 10 March== Hello! {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} The [[:m:User:CKoerner (WMF)/Work/Completion Suggester beta reminder and coming soon|completion suggester beta feature]] will become the default at the first group of wikis on '''Thursday, 10 March'''. This initial rollout will start with some of the smaller wikis to ensure the change happens in an organized way. The remaining wikis will receive the update on Wednesday, 16 March. This update brings three major improvements to search. Improved search result ordering, a tolerance for a small number of spelling errors, and suggests fewer typos. Since December 2015, 19,000 editors have already opted into the completion suggester beta feature. Contributors are encouraged to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|try out the feature]] ahead of the release. Please share any comments on the Completion Suggester [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/CompletionSuggester|discussion page]] in any language. To learn more about the work of the Discovery department and other improvements to search, please check out [[wmfblog:2015/12/23/search-and-discovery-on-wikipedia/|the Wikimedia blog]]. Read about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]], the MediaWiki extension that makes wiki search possible.</div> - [[User:CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 03:09, 8 مارچ 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Work/Completion_Suggester_inital_rollout/Target_list&oldid=15420104 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for access to research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]]''' - a major publisher of academic journals and e-books in a variety of subject areas. Access includes both Cambridge Journals Online and Cambridge Books. 25 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Alexander Street|Alexander Street ''Academic Video Online'']]''' - a large academic video collection good for a wide range of subjects, including news programs (such as PBS and BBC), music and theatre, lectures and demonstrations, and documentaries. 25 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Baylor|Baylor University Press]]''' - a publisher of academic e-books primarily in religious studies and the humanities. 50 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Future Science Group|Future Science Group]]''' - a publisher of medical, biotechnological and scientific research. 30 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Annual Reviews|Annual Reviews]]''' - a publisher of review articles in the biomedical sciences. 100 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Miramar|Miramar Ship Index]]''' - an index to ships and their histories since the early 19th century. 30 accounts. '''Non-English''' *'''[[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:نورمگز|Noormags]]''' - Farsi-language aggregator of academic and professional journals and magazines. 30 accounts. *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/كتبنا|Kotobna]]''' - Arabic-language ebook publishing platform. 20 accounts. '''Expansions''' *'''[[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]]''' - aggregator of newspapers, magazines and journals. 50 accounts. *'''[[w:en:WP:Elsevier|Elsevier ScienceDirect]]''' - an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. 100 accounts. Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:De Gruyter|De Gruyter]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:30, 18 مارچ 2016 (PKT) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].'' :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15424370 --> == Open Call for Individual Engagement Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IEG|Individual Engagement Grants (IEG) program]] is accepting proposals''' until April 12th to fund new tools, research, outreach efforts, and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), IEGs can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help''' with your proposal]] in an upcoming Hangout session *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 20:47, 31 مارچ 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15490024 --> == Server switch 2016 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its newest data center in Dallas. This will make sure Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test. This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the new data center on '''Tuesday, 19 April'''.<br/> On '''Thursday, 21 April''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for approximately 15 to 30 minutes on Tuesday, 19 April and Thursday, 21 April, starting at 14:00 UTC (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT). If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be a code freeze for the week of 18 April. No non-essential code deployments will take place. This test was originally planned to take place on March 22. April 19th and 21st are the new dates. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for Q3 FY2015-2016 rollout|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. They will post any changes on that schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 02:08, 18 اپریل 2016 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Server_switch_2016/Delivery_list&oldid=15533827 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! Sorry that this is in English only, but we are using village pump messaging in order to reach as many language communities as possible. Wrong page? Please fix it [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|here]]. This is an invitation to all Wikipedians: Wikimedia Deutschland has been given data space to include Wikipedia content in an upcoming mission to the Moon. (No joke!) We have launched a community discussion about how to do that, because we feel that this is for the global community of editors. Please, '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon|join the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]''' (and translate this invitation to your language community)! Best, [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia to the Moon|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 20:35, 21 اپریل 2016 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun == Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, featured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to reach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 20:31, 10 جون 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Compact Links coming soon to this wiki == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]] Hello, I wanted to give a heads up about an upcoming feature for this wiki which you may seen already in [[:m:Tech/News/2016/25|Tech News]]. [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). This will be enabled as a feature in the coming week for all users, which can be turned on or off using a preference setting. We look forward to your feedback and please do let us know if you have any questions. Details about Compact Language Links can be read in the [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project documentation]]. Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this message and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. The main announcement can also be translated on [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links/Announcement_draft_June_2016|this page]]. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]])-17:57, 1 جولائی 2016 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/8_July&oldid=15736589 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idea is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content! Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 19:10, 1 جولائی 2016 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Open call for Project Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: :Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. :Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session :*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] :Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]] :With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 20:25, 5 جولائی 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15504704 --> == Compact Language Links enabled in this wiki today == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]] [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). Based on several factors, this shorter list of languages is expected to be more relevant for them and valuable for finding similar content in a language known to them. More information about compact language links can be found in [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|the documentation]]. From today onwards, compact language links has been enabled as the default listing of interlanguage links on this wiki. However, using the button at the bottom, you will be able to see a longer list of all the languages the article has been written in. The setting for this compact list can be changed by using the checkbox under ''User Preferences -> Appearance -> Languages'' The compact language links feature has been tested extensively by the Wikimedia Language team, which developed it. However, in case there are any problems or other feedback please let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project talk page]]. It is to be noted that on some wikis the presence of an existing older gadget that was used for a similar purpose may cause an interference for compact language list. We would like to bring this to the attention of the admins of this wiki. Full details are on [[phab:T131455|this phabricator ticket]] (in English). Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]])-08:03, 8 جولائی 2016 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/8_July&oldid=15749689 --> ==The visual editor will be enabled on this wiki in some days== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Hello again. Please excuse the English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' As per previous announcements in the past months, '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|the visual editor]] ({{int:visualeditor}}) will be enabled at this Wikipedia in some days. It allows people to edit articles as if they were using a typical word processor. Here's a quick explanation of what is going to happen''': you can find a more detailed one, with pictures, at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Single_edit_tab|mediawiki.org]]. [[File:VisualEditor and wikitext side-by-side.png|alt=Side by side screenshots, showing the visual appearance of both editing systems |center|frameless|757px]] ;What's changing? :In the new system, you get a <u>single edit tab which follows your preferences</u>, and that therefore will launch the wikitext editor or the visual editor depending on which one you opened the last (''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}}''). <br> This applies to everyone who edited recently, including anonymous users. ;How do I switch to the other editor then? :Buttons on the toolbars of both editors were added months ago so that you can switch from one to the other every time you want to, without losing your changes and without having to save first. <br>The button, located on the right side of the toolbar, looks like square brackets ('''<nowiki>[[ ]]</nowiki>''') in the visual editor, and like a pencil ([[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|20px]]) in the wikitext editor. ;Are there other options available? :Yes. You can choose whether you want: * ''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}'' (if you temporarily switch to the wikitext editor through the button on the toolbar, the system won't remember it; also, it only applies to namespaces where the visual editor is available). * ''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}'' (if you temporarily switch to the visual editor through the button on the toolbar, the system won't remember it) * ''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}'' (a system in place at multiple wikis since 2013. You are familiar with this option if you have been using the visual editor here.) **''Please note: all the users will always have the opportunity to switch to the other editor via buttons on the toolbars, for occasional edits''. ;How do I set my preference? *If you want to try or to stay in the new system: you don't need to do anything. *If you had explicitly disabled the visual editor in the past and want to keep it disabled: you don't need to do anything. *All the registered users have a dropdown menu in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|Editing tab of their Preferences]] ({{int:prefs-editing}} --> {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}), where they can choose from. <u>This only needs to be done once</u>. Don't forget to save ;) **<small>Users with the visual editor disabled need to re-enable it if they're interested in accessing that menu!</small> *People who use the visual editor regularly will see a pop-up <u>(only once after the single edit tab system is introduced)</u>, and they can choose their favorite setting there. Of course, they can change their mind at any time just like the others, and pick a different setting from their Preferences. **Anonymous users who have used the visual editor recently will also be able to choose which editor they want to edit with. **''Reminder: all the users will always have the opportunity to switch to the other editor via buttons on the toolbars, for occasional edits''. ;Final remarks *<mark>Please spread the word about this major change</mark> in any way that you deem appropriate for this community. Please note it will affect all the registered users at first, and after one week or so it will reach logged-out contributors as well if no major technical issues have arisen. *Please do let us know about any anomalies you think you're experiencing, and do post any other feedback here. I'd like to thank everyone who will walk an extra mile to make the transition easier for this community, and whoever will help me processing feedback in your language. *You can learn more about optimizing the visual editor experience here by [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|reading a guide on mediawiki.org]], which was recently rewritten. Thank you! --[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ([[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|talk]]) 21:37, 3 اگست 2016 (PKT) </div> == Save/Publish == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[:mw:Editing|Editing]] team is planning to change the name of the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Savearticle “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>”] button to [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishpage “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishchanges “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>'''”]. “<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>” will be used when you create a new page. “<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>” will be used when you change an existing page. The names will be consistent in all editing environments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131132][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033] This change will probably happen during the week of 30 August 2016. The change will be announced in [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]] when it happens. If you are fluent in a language other than English, please check the status of translations at translatewiki.net for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishpage “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishchanges “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>'''”]. The main reason for this change is to avoid confusion for new editors. Repeated user research studies with new editors have shown that some new editors believed that [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Savearticle “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>”] would save a private copy of a new page in their accounts, rather than permanently publishing their changes on the web. It is important for this part of the user interface to be clear, since it is difficult to remove public information after it is published. We believe that the confusion caused by the “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>” button increases the workload for experienced editors, who have to clean up the information that people unintentionally disclose, and report it to the functionaries and stewards to suppress it. Clarifying what the button does will reduce this problem. Beyond that, the goal is to make all the wikis and languages more consistent, and some wikis made this change many years ago. The [[:m:Legal|Legal team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation supports this change. Making the edit interface easier to understand will make it easier to handle licensing and privacy questions that may arise. Any help pages or other basic documentation about how to edit pages will also need to be updated, on-wiki and elsewhere. On wiki pages, you can use the wikitext codes <code><nowiki>{{int:Publishpage}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{int:Publishchanges}}</nowiki></code> to display the new labels in the user's preferred language. For the language settings in [[Special:Preferences|your account preferences]], these wikitext codes produce “<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>” and “<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>”. Please share this news with community members who teach new editors and with others who may be interested. </div> [[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 23:04, 9 اگست 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15790914 --> ==The visual editor is now active here== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Hello again. This message is only available in English at this time: {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' <gallery mode="nolines" widths=300px> File:VisualEditor bi-directional switching pencil icon in wikitext.png|alt=The upper right corner of the wikitext editing toolbar, showing a pencil icon|thumb|In the wikitext editor, the pencil icon allows you to switch to the visual editor. File:VisualEditor toolbar Page options - Switch to wikitext - Save.png|alt=The toolbar in the visual editor, showing the square brackets icon next to the Save button.|thumb|In the visual editor, the <nowiki>[[ ]]</nowiki> (square brackets) icon allows you to switch to the wikitext editor. </gallery> As some of you have noticed, '''this Wikipedia now has [[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|the visual editor]] ({{int:visualeditor}}) enabled for all registered users'''. The rollout to logged-out users will likely happen in a week or so. <mark>For an '''explanation of how the editing system now works and how to choose/go back to your favorite setting, please see my previous announcement above'''.</mark> If you wish to '''change your editing system preferences now, this can be done from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|this link to your Preferences]] --> {{int:prefs-editing}} --> {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}'''. All edits using the visual editor will be tagged with "{{Int:tag-visualeditor}}" in recent changes, watchlists, and page histories. To access the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide for the visual editor]], click on the "(?)" icon in its toolbar. Please let us know if you find any problems. You can report issues directly in [[phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]; by all means, feel free to also [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|ping or contact me directly]] if you prefer. In case of emergency (like an unexpected bug causing widespread problems), please contact James Forrester, the product manager, at jforrester@wikimedia.org or on [[:m:IRC|IRC]] in the #mediawiki-visualeditor channel. Happy editing! Respectfully, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 20:42, 10 اگست 2016 (PKT) PS: Are you seeing interface messages that are not in this wiki's language? Please fix this by providing translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-visualeditor-0-all&filter=%21translated&action=translate here]. Translations may be also provided for the [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]]. Please contact me if you want guidance in contributing translations! </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ::Just a heads-up that rollout of the visual editor on this wiki is complete, as it is also available to logged-out editors now. Please refer to my previous messages for details. You can [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|read the "checklist"]] that is being written to help communities like yours in their process of adapting the visual editor to their customs and needs. Best, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 21:08, 17 اگست 2016 (PKT)</div> == New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, health care, and engineering - 10 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 23:38, 30 اگست 2016 (PKT) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15804509 --> == RevisionSlider == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From September 13th on, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page, so that you can easily move between revisions. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 20:08, 12 ستمبر 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=15903627 --> == Grants to improve your project == ''{{int:Please-translate}}:'' Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is currently accepting proposals for funding. There is just over a week left to submit before the October 11 deadline. If you have ideas for software, offline outreach, research, online community organizing, or other projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today! Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well. Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request. *'''[[:m:Grants:Project/Apply|Submit a grant request]]''' *'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:Project#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] *'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[:m:Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 1 اکتوبر 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15939807 --> == Creative Commons 4.0 == Hello! I'm writing from the Wikimedia Foundation to invite you to give your feedback on a proposed move from CC BY-SA 3.0 to a CC BY-SA 4.0 license across all Wikimedia projects. The consultation will run from October 5 to November 8, and we hope to receive a wide range of viewpoints and opinions. Please, if you are interested, [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0|take part in the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]. ''Apologies that this message is only in English. [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0/MassMessage|This message can be read and translated in more languages here]].'' [[User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) 06:35, 6 اکتوبر 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=15962252 --> ==Editing news n.3-2016== <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for the delay in delivering this newsletter!'' *'''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE|Change or add a community page where the next issue is delivered]]''' *'''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Sign up personally]]''' *'''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/Translators|Volunteer to provide translations in the future]]''' ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/October|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can easily re-arrange columns and rows in the visual editor? [[File:VisualEditor table editing menu.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with options for editing the table structure|center|frameless|232x232px]] Select a cell in the column or row that you want to move. Click the arrow at the start of that row or column to open the dropdown menu (shown). Choose either "Move before" or "Move after" to move the column, or "Move above" or "Move below" to move the row. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has mainly worked on a new wikitext editor. They have also released some small features and the new map editing tool. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the list of work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, releasing the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[mediawikiwiki:Beta_Features|beta feature]], and improving language support. === Recent changes === *You can now set text as small or big.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T53613] *Invisible templates have been shown as a puzzle icon. Now, the name of the invisible template is displayed next to the puzzle icon.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T141861] A similar feature will display the first part of hidden HTML comments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147089] *Categories are displayed at the bottom of each page. If you click on the categories, the dialog for editing categories will open.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145267] *At many wikis, you can now add [[mediawikiwiki:Maps|maps]] to pages. Go to the Insert menu and choose the "Maps" item. The Discovery department is adding more features to this area, like geoshapes. You can read more at mediawiki.org.[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Discovery#Maps] *The "Save" button now says "Save page" when you create a page, and "Save changes" when you change an existing page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033] In the future, the "{{int:Savearticle}}" button will say "{{int:Publishpage}}". This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems. More [[:m:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]]. *Image galleries now use a visual mode for editing. You can see thumbnails of the images, add new files, remove unwanted images, rearrange the images by dragging and dropping, and add captions for each image. Use the "Options" tab to set the gallery's display mode, image sizes, and add a title for the gallery.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T45037] === Future changes === The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining 10 [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|"Phase 6" Wikipedias]] during the next month. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including [[:w:th:|'''Thai''']], [[:w:my:|'''Burmese''']] and [[:w:arc:|'''Aramaic''']]. The team is working on a modern wikitext editor. The [[Mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] will look like the visual editor and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools. This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices in October 2016. You can read about this project in a [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. === Let's work together === * Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates? <mark>Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor? Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].</mark> *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 01:49, 18 اکتوبر 2016 (PKT) </div> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy *'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities *'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals *'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–hearing journals *'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics '''Expansions''' *'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added *'''[[:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence & Security Studies collection Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today! <br>--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 23:30, 1 نومبر 2016 (PKT) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15939318 --> == Password reset == ''I apologise that this message is in English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:Centralnotice-shared-help-translate}}]'' We are having a problem with attackers taking over wiki accounts with privileged user rights (for example, admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, checkusers). It appears that this may be because of weak or reused passwords. Community members are working along with members of multiple teams at the Wikimedia Foundation to address this issue. In the meantime, we ask that everyone takes a look at the passwords they have chosen for their wiki accounts. If you know that you've chosen a weak password, or if you've chosen a password that you are using somewhere else, please change those passwords. Select strong passwords – eight or more characters long, and containing letters, numbers, and punctuation. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) / [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) 05:00, 14 نومبر 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=16060701 --> == Adding to the above section (Password reset) == Please accept my apologies - that first line should read "[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&language=&action=page&filter= Help with translations!]". [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) / [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) 05:11, 14 نومبر 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=16060701 --> == New way to edit wikitext == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Summary''': There's a new opt-in Beta Feature of a [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|wikitext mode for the visual editor]]. Please [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|go try it out]]. We in the Wikimedia Foundation's Editing department are responsible for making editing better for all our editors, new and experienced alike. We've been slowly improving [[:mw:VisualEditor|the visual editor]] based on feedback, user tests, and feature requests. However, that doesn't work for all our user needs: whether you need to edit a wikitext talk page, create a template, or fix some broken reference syntax, sometimes you need to use wikitext, and many experienced editors prefer it. Consequently, we've planned a "wikitext mode" for the visual editor for a long time. It provides as much of the visual editor's features as possible, for those times that you need or want wikitext. It has the same user interface as the visual editor, including the same toolbar across the top with the same buttons. It provides access to the [[:mw:citoid|citoid service]] for formatting citations, integrated search options for inserting images, and the ability to add new templates in a simple dialog. Like in the visual editor, if you paste in formatted text copied from another page, then formatting (such as bolding) will automatically be converted into wikitext. All wikis now have access to this mode as a [[:mw:Beta Features|Beta Feature]]. When enabled, it replaces your existing [[:mw:Editor|wikitext editor]] everywhere. If you don't like it, you can reverse this at any time by turning off the Beta Feature in your preferences. We don't want to surprise anyone, so it's strictly an ''opt-in-only'' Beta Feature. It won't switch on automatically for anyone, even if you have previously checked the box to "{{Int:Betafeatures-auto-enroll}}". The new wikitext edit mode is based on the visual editor, so it requires JavaScript (as does the [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|current wikitext editor]]). It doesn't work with gadgets that have only been designed for the older one (and ''vice versa''), so some users will miss gadgets they find important. We're happy to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Gadgets|work with gadget authors to help them update their code to work]] with both editors. We're not planning to get rid of the current main wikitext editor on desktop in the foreseeable future. We're also not going to remove the existing ability to edit plain wikitext without JavaScript. Finally, though it should go without saying, if you prefer to continue using the current wikitext editor, then you may so do. This is an early version, and we'd love to know what you think so we can make it better. Please leave feedback about the new mode [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor/Feedback|on the feedback page]]. You may write comments in any language. Thank you. </div> [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] (Product Manager, Editing department, Wikimedia Foundation) --00:32, 15 دسمبر 2016 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15942009 --> == Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard. The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction. Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page. Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far: * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016) ** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016) ** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017) ** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017 * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017) ** Introduction of williamsworks * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017) ** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017) ** Tracks A & B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]]. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 01:31, 16 فروری 2017 (PKT) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16297862 --> == Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page. Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017) ** Development of documentation for Tracks A & B * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017) ** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017) ** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]]. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 00:43, 10 مارچ 2017 (PKT) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16350625 --> == We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> : ''This message, "[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]", was sent through multiple channels by [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians: Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation. There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]]. This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years? We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]] Sincerely, Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), & the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]</div></div> 10:10, 18 مارچ 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16453957 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]] On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]]. '''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).''' '''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21. The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members. The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. * April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' * April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period''' * April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions''' * May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period''' * May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking''' * May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal''' In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles: * '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''' ** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]]. * '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)''' ** One position is being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, <tt dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5">board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org</tt>. On behalf of the Election Committee,<br /> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br /> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 08:37, 7 اپریل 2017 (PKT) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''</div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16441214 --> == Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test. This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''. On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div>[[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) 22:33, 11 اپریل 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16545942 --> == Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android. While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results. We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism. We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities. As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks! -[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] 13:41, 14 اپریل 2017 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikidata_editing&oldid=16580284 --> == New Page previews feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> New Page previews feature [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} Hello, The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017. A quick note on the implementation: * For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page. * For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview. * For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. Thank you, [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) 21:52, 19 اپریل 2017 (PKT) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Phase_1/Distribution_list&oldid=16616381 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's'' * '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences * '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine '''Expansions''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 23:52, 2 مئی 2017 (PKT) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=16557812 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br/> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]</div> 00:14, 4 مئی 2017 (PKT)'' <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16683836 --> == Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! </div> [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 19:41, 8 مئی 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=16712264 --> == Editing News #1—2017 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can review your changes visually? [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - visual diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes to an article. Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|245x245px]]When you are finished editing the page, type your edit summary and then choose "{{Int:visualeditor-savedialog-label-review}}". In visual mode, you will see additions, removals, new links, and formatting highlighted. Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected.|center|frameless|220x220px]] Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - wikitext diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display.|center|frameless|245x245px]] The wikitext diff is the same diff tool that is used in the wikitext editors and in the page history. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[:mediawikiwiki:2017_wikitext_editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]] which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and adding [[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|the new visual diff tool]]. Their workboard is available [[:phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[:mw:Beta Features|beta feature]], and improving the visual diff tool. === Recent changes === *A '''new wikitext editing mode''' is available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices. The [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools. Go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] to enable the {{Int:Visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-label}}. * A new '''[[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' is available in VisualEditor's visual mode. You can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs. More features will be added to this later. In the future, this tool may be integrated into other MediaWiki components. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143350] * The team have added [[:mediawikiwiki:Editing/Projects/Columns_for_references|multi-column support for lists of footnotes]]. The <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> block can automatically display long lists of references in columns on wide screens. This makes footnotes easier to read. You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&priority=10&parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597] * You can now use your web browser's function to switch typing direction in the new wikitext mode. This is particularly helpful for RTL language users like Urdu or Hebrew who have to write JavaScript or CSS. You can use Command+Shift+X or Control+Shift+X to trigger this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153356] * The way to switch between the visual editing mode and the wikitext editing mode is now consistent. There is a drop-down menu that shows the two options. This is now the same in desktop and mobile web editing, and inside things that embed editing, such as Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116417] * The {{Int:visualeditor-categories-tool}} item has been moved to the top of the {{Int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}} menu (from clicking on the "hamburger" icon) for quicker access. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T74399] There is also now a "Templates used on this page" feature there. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T149009] * You can now create <code><nowiki><chem></nowiki></code> tags (sometimes used as <code><nowiki><ce></nowiki></code>) for chemical formulas inside the visual editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153365] * Tables can be set as collapsed or un-collapsed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T157989] * The {{Int:visualeditor-specialcharacter-button-tooltip}} menu now includes characters for Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics and angle quotation marks (‹› and ⟨⟩) . The team thanks the volunteer developer, [[:S:en:User:Tpt|Tpt]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108626] * A bug caused some section edit conflicts to blank the rest of the page. This has been fixed. The team are sorry for the disruption. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T154217] * There is a new keyboard shortcut for citations: <code>Control</code>+<code>Shift</code>+<code>K</code> on a PC, or <code>Command</code>+<code>Shift</code>+<code>K</code> on a Mac. It is based on the keyboard shortcut for making links, which is <code>Control</code>+<code>K</code> or <code>Command</code>+<code>K</code> respectively. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99299] === Future changes === * The team is working on a syntax highlighting tool. It will highlight matching pairs of <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> tags and other types of wikitext syntax. You will be able to turn it on and off. It will first become available in VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode, maybe late in 2017. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246] * The kind of button used to {{Int:Showpreview}}, {{Int:showdiff}}, and finish an edit will change in all WMF-supported wikitext editors. The new buttons will use [[Mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]]. The buttons will be larger, brighter, and easier to read. The labels will remain the same. You can test the new button by editing a page and adding <code>&ooui=1</code> to the end of the URL, like this: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=edit&ooui=1 The old appearance will no longer be possible, even with local CSS changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T162849] * The [[:mediawikiwiki:File:Edit_toolbar_-_2.png|outdated 2006 wikitext editor]] will be removed later this year. It is used by approximately 0.03% of active editors. See [[:mw:Editor|a list of editing tools on mediawiki.org]] if you are uncertain which one you use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856] *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> 23:05, 12 مئی 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=16160401 --> == Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia == Hello, I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary. One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites. The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature. We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes. You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it. Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding. Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16766491 --> == RevisionSlider == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. </div> [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 19:44, 16 مئی 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=16715712 --> ==کھوار ویکپیڈیا کے لیے تکنیکی مدد == محترم جناب، السلام علیکم، آپ اردو ویکیپیڈیا پر بہت ہی اچھا اور معیاری کام کررہے ہیں اللہ آپ کو اجر عطا فرمائے کہ آپ اردو زبان کے ویکیپیڈیا کو ایک عالمی انسائکلوپیڈیا بنانے کی جدوجہد میں شریک ہیں. جیسا کہ آپ کو پتہ ہے کہ شمالی علاقہ جات، سوات، ضلع چترال، ہندوستان، افغانستان اور سنکیانگ چین میں بولی جانے والی زبان کھوار میں راقم الحروف نے ویکیپیڈیا تخلیق کیا ہے اور تمام ترجمے کا کام مکمل ہوچکا ہے لیکن کھوار ویکیپیڈیا کو تکنیکی مسائل کا سامنا ہے جیسے ماڈیول، سانچہ جات، ابواب اور دیگر مشکل اور ٹیکنیکل کام کو آگے بڑہانے میں کھوار ویکیپیڈیا کو آپ کی مدد کی ضرروت ہے مجھے معلوم ہے کہ آپ کھوار زبان میں مضموں نہیں لکھ سکتے لیکن ماڈیول، سانچہ جات، ابواب زمرہ جات اور انٹرویکی لنکس بنانے میں ہمارے ساتھ تعاون کرسکتے ہیں، تاکہ جب کھوار زبان کی تاریخ لکھی جائے گی تو اس میں آپ کی کھوار کے لیے تکنیکی کام اور خدمات کو بھی شامل کیا جاسکے، آپ کھوار ویکیپیڈیا کا صفحہ اول یہاں[[https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/khw/%D8%A2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%81]] پر دیکھ سکتے ہیں امید ہے کہ آپ اردو ویکیپڈیا کی طرح روزانہ کھوار ویکیپڈیا میں بھی اپنی خدمات سے اہل کھوار کو بھی مستفید کرکے شکریہ کا موقع دیں گے،ہمیں کھوار ویکیپیڈیا کے لیے آپ کی مندرجہ زیل تکنیکی کام میں مدد کی ضرورت ہے:- ؔ۱۔ ماڈیول بنانا ۲۔ سانچے بنانا ۳۔ مضامین میں انٹرویکی لنکس کا اندراج ۴۔ ابواب بنانا ۵۔ انفوباکس بنانا ۶۔ ناوباکس بنانا ۷۔ سانچہ جات اور ماڈیول سے اغلاط کی درستگی ۸۔ مزیددیگر انتظامی کام وغیرہ آپ کا بہت بہت شکریہ --[[User_talk:Rachitrali|Rehmat Aziz Chitrali]] 14:38, 18 مئی 2017 (PKT) == Accessible editing buttons == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface. The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets. You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&ooui=1 new] versions now. Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors. <gallery mode="nolines" caption="Comparison of old and new styles" heights="240" widths="572"> File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change </gallery> However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets. Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system. <mark>If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts. Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.</mark> This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''. Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.</div> [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 03:22, 11 جولائی 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=16980876 --> == Page Previews (Hovercards) update == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello, A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months. We are finally ready to deploy the feature. Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. Thank you again. </div>[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 03:33, 21 جولائی 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Reminder/Distribution_list&oldid=17019707 --> == RfC regarding "Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation" == There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding "[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]" Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]]. [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) 02:06, 18 ستمبر 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedias&oldid=17234819 --> == Discussion on synced reading lists == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Discussion on synced reading lists''' Hello, [[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way. To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones). This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. === Background === In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow "syncing" of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a "must have" for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow. Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future. === Why not watchlists === Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways: * Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes. * Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. ** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints. * By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki. * Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term. [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. Thank you </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 01:35, 21 ستمبر 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=16981815 --> == Changes to the global ban policy == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello. Some changes to the [[m:Global bans|community global ban policy]] have been proposed. Your comments are welcome at [[:m:Requests for comment/Improvement of global ban policy]]. Please translate this message to your language, if needed. Cordially. [[:m:User:Matiia|Matiia]] ([[:m:User talk:Matiia|Matiia]]) 05:34, 12 نومبر 2017 (PKT)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17241561 --> == New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers''' The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]]. Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback. The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued. For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens. The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 03:07, 21 نومبر 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Mobile_PDF_distribution_list&oldid=17448927 --> == Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships == Hi all, We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.''' Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]]. To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply''' It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages! Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] 00:24, 21 دسمبر 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:DerHexer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=17300722 --> == User group for Military Historians == Greetings, "Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]]. [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) 15:46, 21 دسمبر 2017 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Krishna Chaitanya Velaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=17565441 --> == Editing News #1—2018 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] '''Did you know?'''<div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]] on any page? [[File:Wikitext diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display|center|frameless|250px]] Sometimes, it is hard to see important changes in a wikitext diff. This screenshot of a wikitext diff (click to enlarge) shows that the paragraphs have been rearranged, but it does not highlight the removal of a word or the addition of a new sentence. If you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the Beta Feature]] for "{{Int:visualeditor-preference-visualdiffpage-label}}", you will have a new option. It will give you a new box at the top of every diff page. This box will let you choose either diff system on any edit. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected|center|frameless|200px]] Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs. In the visual diff, additions, removals, new links, and formatting changes will be highlighted. Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side. [[File:Visual diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes to an article. Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|250px]] This screenshot shows the same edit as the wikitext diff. The visual diff highlights the removal of one word and the addition of a new sentence. You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|the last newsletter]], the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]], which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and improving [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the work finished each week at [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[mw:Editing team/Current priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor, and improving the visual diff tool. ===Recent changes=== *The '''[[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]''' is [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available as a Beta Feature]] on desktop devices. It has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools. The team have been comparing the performance of different editing environments. They have studied how long it takes to open the page and start typing. The study uses data for more than one million edits during December and January. Some changes have been made to improve the speed of the 2017 wikitext editor and the visual editor. Recently, the 2017 wikitext editor opened fastest for most edits, and the 2010 WikiEditor was fastest for some edits. More information will be posted at [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Editing performance]]. *The '''[[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' was developed for the visual editor. It is now available to all users of the visual editor and the 2017 wikitext editor. When you review your changes, you can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs. You can also [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the new Beta Feature]] for "Visual diffs". The Beta Feature lets you use the visual diff tool to view other people's edits on page histories and [[Special:RecentChanges]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167508] *[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|'''Wikitext syntax highlighting''']] is available as a Beta Feature for both [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor]] and the 2010 wikitext editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246] *The [[mw:Citoid|citoid service]] automatically translates URLs, DOIs, ISBNs, and PubMed id numbers into wikitext citation templates. It is very popular and useful to editors, although it can be a bit tricky to set up. <mark>Your wiki can have this service. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|read the instructions]]. You can [[phab:T127354|ask the team to help you enable citoid at your wiki]]</mark>. ===Let's work together=== *The team will talk about editing tools at an upcoming [[m:Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meetings|Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meeting]]. *Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and other communities may have the visual editor made available by default to contributors. If your community wants this, then please contact [[mw:User talk:Deskana (WMF)|Dan Garry]]. *The <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> block can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Projects/Columns for references|automatically display long lists of references in columns]] on wide screens. This makes footnotes easier to read. You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&priority=10&parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597] *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> 01:56, 3 مارچ 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=17790200 --> == AdvancedSearch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 19:53, 7 مئی 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=17995461 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool '''Expansions''' * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment] * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 23:03, 30 مئی 2018 (PKT) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18064061 --> == Tidy to RemexHtml == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[:mw:Parsing|Parsing]] team will be [[:mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|replacing Tidy with RemexHtml]] at this wiki on 5 July 2018. Some pages at this wiki use outdated HTML. This change may change the appearance of those pages. [[Special:LintErrors]] has a complete list of affected pages. Read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html this e-mail message] for more information. Read the instructions at [[:mw:Help:Extension:Linter]]. You can ask questions at [[:mw:Talk:Parsing/Replacing Tidy]]. Thank you for helping fix these problems. </div> [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 19:38, 2 جولائی 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Editing/Parsing_change&oldid=18129171 --> == Global preferences are available == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 00:19, 11 جولائی 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17968247 --> == New user group for editing sitewide CSS / JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all! To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.) A new user group, <code dir="ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code>, has been created. Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with <code dir="ltr">.css</code> or <code dir="ltr">.js</code> that is either in the <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:</code> namespace or is another user's user subpage). You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]]. Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats). This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment). Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 22:45, 30 جولائی 2018 (PKT) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tgr/massmessage-T139380-ifadmin&oldid=18255968 --> == Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now == ''({{int:please-translate}})'' <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi all, as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the <code>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code> ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug. Thanks!<br /> [[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 17:40, 27 اگست 2018 (PKT) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18258712 --> == Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''. On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div> 18:33, 6 ستمبر 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18333489 --> == The Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Hey everyone, The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can post technical proposals from now until 11 November. The communities will vote on the proposals between 16 November and 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. <span dir=ltr>/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]</span></div></div> 16:06, 30 اکتوبر 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18458512 --> == Editing News #2—2018 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device? [[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]] Tap on the pencil icon to start editing. The page will probably open in the wikitext editor. You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar. Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing. [[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]] Remember to publish your changes when you're done. You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.</div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing. === Recent changes === *The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]]. *The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website. New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles. You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]]. *The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]]. *The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]]. If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar. You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]]. *The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds). *The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images. It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/] === Let's work together === * The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website. <mark>Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.</mark> *The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week. *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 19:17, 2 نومبر 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=17790200 --> == Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web''' {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]] Hello, In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct. What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the "Learn more" link to get more information. For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]]. If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 00:35, 14 نومبر 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Community Wishlist Survey vote == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Hey everyone, The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. The communities have now posted a long list of technical proposals. You can vote on the proposals from now until 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. <span dir=ltr>/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]</span></div></div> 23:13, 22 نومبر 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Advanced Search == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].</div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 16:03, 26 نومبر 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=18363910 --> == New Wikimedia password policy and requirements == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]]. These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length. These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 01:03, 7 دسمبر 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]] Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February. The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.''''' Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page. To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]] There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love! Kind regards, [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]] Imagine... the sum of all love! </div> --[[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) 15:13, 27 دسمبر 2018 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == FileExporter beta feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]] A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature. The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 14:41, 14 جنوری 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=18782700 --> == No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div> 23:52, 16 جنوری 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/201901ReadOnly/Targets6&oldid=18789238 --> == Talk to us about talking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt="icon depicting two speech Bubbles"|frameless|right|120px]] The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication. We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices. We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives. We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help. '''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.''' You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do: # First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]] # Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group. This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback. # Then ask people what they think about communication processes. We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki. Please consider asking these five questions: ## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you? ## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them? ## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages? ## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations? ## What are the important aspects of a "wiki discussion"? # Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group. Please include links if the discussion is available to the public. '''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.''' Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]]. You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer. Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you. </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 20:01, 21 فروری 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013) * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor & Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:40, 13 مارچ 2019 (PKT) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18873404 --> == Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> 15:56, 8 اپریل 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18979889 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request == {{int:please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 22:35, 12 اپریل 2019 (PKT)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18998727 --> == Editing News #1—July 2019 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] <big>'''Did you know?'''</big> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device? Every article has a pencil icon at the top. Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing. '''<big>Edit Cards</big>''' [[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]] This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].''' </div></div> Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter. Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more. All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]]. Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you: <strong>Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?</strong> If you are interested, we would value your input! You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. <em>Follow these instructions and share your experience:</em> <strong>[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].</strong> === Recent releases === The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]]. The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: # [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]] #* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits. #* The team studied this with an A/B test. [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing. # [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]] #* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing. Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor. === New and active projects === This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles. You can try this feature now. <em>Go here to see how:</em> [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 <em>Try Edit Cards</em>]]. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks: ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?'' We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use. The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools. === Looking ahead === * '''Wikimania:''' Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019. They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]]. Talk to the team about how editing can be improved. * '''Talk Pages:''' In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis. === Learning more === The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]]. [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 23:32, 23 جولائی 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=19175117 --> == Update on the consultation about office actions == Hello all, Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust & Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation. For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation. Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust & Safety team]] 13:03, 16 اگست 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=19175143 --> == New tools and IP masking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hey everyone, The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling. We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment. You can post in your language if you can't write in English. [[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> 19:18, 21 اگست 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tools_and_IP_message/Distribution&oldid=19315232 --> == The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="plainlinks"> Hello, In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to "re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)". Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust & Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. How can you help? * Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset); * Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or * Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans. We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation! </div> </div>-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 22:14, 30 ستمبر 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=19302497 --> == Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Please-translate}} {{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups. So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes. We would like individual feedback on the following: * Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered * Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know * Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project: * Make it easier for readers to focus on the content * Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing) * Put things in logical and useful places * Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps * Eliminate clutter * Plan for future growth As well as the following constraints: * Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves * Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain * No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 12:18, 16 اکتوبر 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_4&oldid=19462890 --> == Beta feature "Reference Previews" == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page. Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 14:47, 23 اکتوبر 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19478814 --> == Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]]. === Help === <strong>What talk page interactions do you remember?</strong> Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else? Whatever your story is, we want to hear it! Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page. <mark>Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the <strong>[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]</strong>.</mark> The team wants your examples. These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage. === Talk pages project === The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools. The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. The team needs and wants your help at this early stage. They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|<strong>"Getting involved"</strong>]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate. === Mobile visual editor === The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices. The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]]. ==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ==== [[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link. The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]] * On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor. * There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links. There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]]. * Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]]. ==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ==== [[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor. The old system had two different toolbars. Now, all the buttons are together. [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]] * In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar. Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor. ** <em>One toolbar:</em> All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar. Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things. **<em>New navigation:</em> The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed. **<em>Seamless switching:</em> an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes. * Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]]. === Wikimania === The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden. They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]]. They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors. You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]]. === Looking ahead === * <strong>Talk Pages Project:</strong> The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes. The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|<strong>Getting involved</strong>]]. * <strong>Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:</strong> The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|<strong>VisualEditor as mobile default project page</strong>]]. * <strong>Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:</strong> This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations. The Editing team hopes to share results in November. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|<strong>Edit Cards project page</strong>]]. – [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 16:12, 29 اکتوبر 2019 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/VE_201910/4&oldid=19500850 --> == Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project == Hello The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement. To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating! -- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 00:01, 23 جنوری 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=19738989 --> == Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages == ''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment. We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 19:15, 26 فروری 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19845780 --> == Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]] The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]]. The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]] The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now. This early version can sign and indent comments automatically. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].</strong> *On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias: [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]]. If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]]. *The team is planning some upcoming changes. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.</strong> The team will test features such as: **an easy way to mention another editor ("pinging"), **a rich-text visual editing option, and **other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors. To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|<strong>"Get involved"</strong>]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]]. – [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 00:25, 9 اپریل 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox2&oldid=19967064 --> == Editing news 2020 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar. [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]] This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|<strong>Reply tool</strong>]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias). The Beta Feature is called "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}". The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon. The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing <code>@</code>. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now. Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|<strong>New requirements for user signatures</strong>]]: Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable. Most editors will not be affected. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|<strong>New discussion tool</strong>]]: The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|<strong>Research on the use of talk pages</strong>]]: The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles. We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. – [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 01:33, 18 جون 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=20184653 --> == [[:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aurat (word)]] == [[:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aurat (word)]] has been relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus. [[ورتنوالا:Bookku|Bookku]] ([[ورتن گل بات:Bookku|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/Bookku|کم]]) 09:17, 20 جون 2020 (PKT) == Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos == [[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]] This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 13:24, 1 جولائی 2020 (PKT) ''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community'' <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Romaine/MassMessage&oldid=20232618 --> == Feedback on movement names == {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented. Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki. Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 00:42, 3 جولائی 2020 (PKT) ''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].'' <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20238830 --> == Editing news 2020 #3 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than <strong>50 million edits</strong> have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]] Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors. Since then, editors have achieved many milestones: * More than <strong>50 million edits</strong> have been made using the visual editor on desktop. * More than <strong>2 million new articles</strong> have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019. * The visual editor is <strong>increasingly popular</strong>. The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction. * In 2019, <strong>35% of the edits by newcomers</strong> (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has <strong>increased every year</strong>. * Almost <strong>5 million edits on the mobile site</strong> have been made with the visual editor. Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018. * On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 <strong>first edit from outer space</strong>] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀 * Editors have made more than <strong>7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor</strong>, including starting <strong>600,000 new articles</strong> in it. The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode. You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]]. [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 17:55, 9 جولائی 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=20232673 --> == Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new. This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 <ref>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]</ref> after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world. The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language. As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation <ref>[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]</ref>. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams. It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project. We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions. There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list <ref>[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]</ref>. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path. Yours, Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) <references/> </div> <small>Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 01:10, 10 جولائی 2020 (PKT) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20265921 --> == Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. How does it work? Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link "Move file to Wikimedia Commons" on the local file page. Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: </div>[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 14:14, 6 اگست 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=20343133 --> == Important: maintenance operation on September 1st == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' </div></div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 18:48, 26 اگست 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20384955 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]. A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 14:49, 3 ستمبر 2020 (PKT) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=20418180 --> == Invitation to participate in the conversation == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020. The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved? Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta. Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 22:55, 10 ستمبر 2020 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Draft_review/Invitation_(long_version)/List&oldid=20440292 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Please-translate}} {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations. There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 02:22, 30 ستمبر 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_5&oldid=20492309 --> == Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 22:17, 7 اکتوبر 2020 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Board&oldid=20519859 --> == Important: maintenance operation on October 27 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> -- <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 22:11, 21 اکتوبر 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20519839 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] </div> 03:10, 6 نومبر 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20564572 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open! This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better. The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals! </div> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</span> 23:09, 20 نومبر 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&oldid=20689939 --> == Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!'' As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article. Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki. This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond. Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015. If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks! [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 19:39, 30 نومبر 2020 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/wikis&oldid=20728482 --> == 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools! You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 15:55, 7 دسمبر 2020 (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20734978 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2021 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] '''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.''' In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones. We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]''' We are waiting for your votes. Thank you! </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 05:52, 15 دسمبر 2020 (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&oldid=20689939 --> == IMPORTANT: Admin activity review == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello. A policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, interface administrator, etc.) was adopted by [[:m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|global community consensus]] in 2013. According to this policy, the [[:m:stewards|stewards]] are reviewing administrators' activity on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis with no inactivity policy. To the best of our knowledge, your wiki does not have a formal process for removing "advanced rights" from inactive accounts. This means that the stewards will take care of this according to the [[:m:Admin activity review|admin activity review]]. We have determined that the following users meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no logged actions for more than 2 years): #Danish47 (administrator) These users will receive a notification soon, asking them to start a community discussion if they want to retain some or all of their rights. If the users do not respond, then their advanced rights will be removed by the stewards. However, if you as a community would like to create your own activity review process superseding the global one, want to make another decision about these inactive rights holders, or already have a policy that we missed, then please notify the [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard|stewards on Meta-Wiki]] so that we know not to proceed with the rights review on your wiki. Thanks, --[[ورتنوالا:علاء|علاء]] ([[ورتن گل بات:علاء|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/علاء|کم]]) ۱۴:۲۴, ۲۴ جنوری ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) </div> == Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]] ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' [[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. ''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', ۲۰:۱۶, ۲۷ جنوری ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikimania21&oldid=21014617 --> == Project Grant Open Call == This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.<br> This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.<br> For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building. We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:<br> * Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal: * [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application<br> * General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants <br> * [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]<br> Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.<br> We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!<br> Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۱۳:۰۱, ۲۸ جنوری ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RSharma (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20808431 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects! :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> --۱۷:۵۷, ۱ فروری ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=21022367 --> == Feminism & Folklore 1 February - 31 March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. Feminism and Folklore team, [[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) ۰۷:۴۰, ۱۶ فروری ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=20421065 --> == Wikifunctions logo contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> ۰۶:۴۷, ۲ مارچ ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21087740 --> == Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 === {{int:please-translate}} The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']]. ==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ==== The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment. To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]]. ==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ==== From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable. To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]]. -- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۳:۰۶, ۶ اپریل ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)/Without_Russian,_Polish_and_translated/5&oldid=21302202 --> == Line numbering coming soon to all wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]] From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]]. </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ۲۰:۰۹, ۱۲ اپریل ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21329014 --> == Suggested Values == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones. More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] ۱۹:۰۸, ۲۲ اپریل ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21361904 --> == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 == <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 1, June 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]</span> ---- Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]]. You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]]) * '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]]) * '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]]) * '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]]) * '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])</div> --[[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۰۴:۰۶, ۱۲ جون ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SOyeyele (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SOyeyele_(WMF)/Announcements/Other_languages&oldid=21578291 --> == Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions == [[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]] Dear all, Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021. '''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]]. Below are some links to guide you through; * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]] * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]] * [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]] Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. '''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. '''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have. Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]] Best regards, [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۰۹:۱۸, ۱۶ جون ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:Bodhisattwa@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21597568 --> == Editing news 2021 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias|thumb|296x296px|When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]] Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]]. The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki. The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor. The key results were: * Newer editors who had automatic ("default on") access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page. * The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing. These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful. <strong>Looking ahead</strong> The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months. This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias. The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]]. After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis. You can turn on "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now. After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ۱۹:۱۴, ۲۴ جون ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21624491 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. <!-- They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --> Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of June 28. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ۰۶:۱۹, ۲۷ جون ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21463754 --> == Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021 == [[File:Wiki Loves Women logo.svg|right|frameless]] '''Wiki Loves Women South Asia''' is back with the 2021 edition. Join us to minify gender gaps and enrich Wikipedia with more diversity. Happening from 1 September - 30 September, [[:m:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|Wiki Loves Women South Asia]] welcomes the articles created on gender gap theme. This year we will focus on women's empowerment and gender discrimination related topics. We warmly invite you to help organize or participate in the competition in your community. You can learn more about the scope and the prizes at the [[:m:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|project page]]. Best wishes,<br> [[:m:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|Wiki Loves Women Team]]<br>۱۵:۴۲, ۱۴ جولائی ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MdsShakil@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MdsShakil/sandbox/2&oldid=21730887 --> == New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]] [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' - Persian language e-books * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik & Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login! We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]]. Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]! --The Wikipedia Library Team ۱۸:۲۳, ۱۱ اگست ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=21851699 --> == Invitation for Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021 == <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021'''</span><br>'''September 1 - September 30, 2021'''<span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|<span style="font-size:10px;color:red">''view details!''</span>]]</span> ----[[File:Wiki Loves Women South Asia.svg|right|frameless]]'''Wiki Loves Women South Asia''' is back with the 2021 edition. Join us to minify gender gaps and enrich Wikipedia with more diversity. Happening from 1 September - 30 September, [[metawiki:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|Wiki Loves Women South Asia]] welcomes the articles created on gender gap theme. This year we will focus on women's empowerment and gender discrimination related topics.<br> We are proud to announce and invite you and your community to participate in the competition. You can learn more about the scope and the prizes at the [[metawiki:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|''project page'']].<br> Best wishes,<br> [[m:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|Wiki Loves Women Team]] </div>۲۳:۳۹, ۱۳ اگست ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MdsShakil@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MdsShakil/sandbox_1&oldid=21878984 --> == Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="content"/>The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021. These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input. Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities. There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: :[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August) :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC & 14:00 UTC :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC & 15:00 UTC Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]]. Please let me know if you have any questions.<section end="content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۴:۱۹, ۱۸ اگست ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895766 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end == Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board. 6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]]. Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better. ۱۵:۰۳, ۲ ستمبر ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895840 --> == The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello everyone, We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well. Summary: <div style="font-style:italic;"> We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]]. </div> === Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year === In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published. However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]]. We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist. === Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities === We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes. === A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet === We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe. We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon! === Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase === If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes! === Feedback === * What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages? * How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]] * What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022? * What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022? Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings. </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۵:۲۳, ۷ ستمبر ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/>Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021. The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation. English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months. We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]: * Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) * Are ready to find compromises. * Focus on inclusion and diversity. * Have knowledge of community consultations. * Have intercultural communication experience. * Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. * Have experience negotiating with different parties. The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place. Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.<section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۲۲:۰۲, ۱۰ ستمبر ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22002240 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) ۰۵:۴۵, ۱۱ ستمبر ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Talk to the Community Tech == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello! As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join''']. '''Agenda''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022 * Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes * Questions and answers '''Format''' The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English. We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting. '''Invitation link''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online] * Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390 * One tap mobile ** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York) ** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose) * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location] See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) ۰۸:۰۳, ۱۱ ستمبر ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter == Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[ورتنوالا:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[ورتن گل بات:Dušan Kreheľ|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/Dušan Kreheľ|کم]]) ۰۷:۴۶, ۳۰ ستمبر ۲۰۲۱ (PKT)</div> == Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections. '''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.''' The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021. Learn about each candidate to inform your vote in the language that you prefer: <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates> Learn about the Drafting Committee: <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee> We are piloting a voting advice application for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! Check at <https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/> Read the full announcement: <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections> '''Go vote at SecurePoll on:''' <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections> Best, Movement Strategy & Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation <section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۷:۲۵, ۱۴ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22185710 --> == Learn how Movement Strategy Implementation Grants can support your Movement Strategy plans == <section begin="announcement-content"/>Movement Strategy Implementation grants now provide more than $2,000 USD to put Movement Strategy plans into action. Find out more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation grants, the criteria, and how to apply]].<section end="annoumcent-content"/> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)#top|talk]]) 13:30, 29 October 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)/Delivery&oldid=22247589 --> == Meet the new Movement Charter Drafting Committee members == <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Movement Charter Drafting Committee election and selection processes are complete. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|election results have been published]]. 1018 participants voted to elect seven members to the committee: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''. * The Wikimedia Foundation has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] two members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''. The committee will convene soon to start its work. The committee can appoint up to three more members to bridge diversity and expertise gaps. If you are interested in engaging with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] drafting process, follow the updates [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] and join the [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group]. With thanks from the Movement Strategy and Governance team<section end="announcement-content"/> ۲۰:۵۳, ۵ نومبر ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)/Delivery&oldid=22300322 --> == Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content /> :''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022. While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback: * What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board? * What involvement should candidates have during the election? While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions. '''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?''' Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> {{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۲۲:۵۶, ۲۷ دسمبر ۲۰۲۱ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22502754 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]]. You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... Thank you. '''Feminism and Folklore Team''', [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] --۱۰:۴۹, ۱۱ جنوری ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22574381 --> == Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections is now open and will close on 7 February 2022. With this Call for Feedback, the Movement Strategy and Governance team is taking a different approach. This approach incorporates community feedback from 2021. Instead of leading with proposals, the Call is framed around key questions from the Board of Trustees. The key questions came from the feedback about the 2021 Board of Trustees election. The intention is to inspire collective conversation and collaborative proposal development about these key questions. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Join the conversation.]] Best, Movement Strategy and Governance<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۶:۰۴, ۱۵ جنوری ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22610145 --> == Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 5 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 5, January 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics. This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates. <div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 16th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]]) *'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]]) *'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]]) *'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about MSG on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])</div><section end="ucoc-newsletter"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۸:۲۸, ۲۹ جنوری ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22704115 --> == Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees released a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/January 2022 - Board of Trustees on Community ratification of enforcement guidelines of UCoC|statement on the ratification process]] for the '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]'''. The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The UCoC and the Enforcement Guidelines were written by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|volunteer-staff drafting committees]] following community consultations. The revised guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. There is a [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Changes|list of changes made]] to the guidelines after the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines review]]. '''Comments about the guidelines can be shared [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on the Enforcement Guidelines talk page on Meta-wiki]].''' To help to understand the guidelines and process, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team will be hosting Conversation Hours on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the conversation hours to speak with the UCoC project team and drafting committee members about the updated guidelines and voting process]].''' The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. All eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the Enforcement guidelines, and share why. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].''' Many participants from across the movement have provided valuable input in these ongoing conversations. The UCoC and MSG teams want to thank the Drafting Committee and the community members for their contributions to this process. Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance<br/> Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۸:۵۵, ۴ فروری ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22704115 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work. The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. This Meta page shares the proposal for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Leadership Development Task Force]] and how [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|you can help.]] Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۷:۳۵, ۹ فروری ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22796821 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team, We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc. We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language. Best wishes, '''International Team'''<br /> '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۰۹:۵۰, ۲۲ فروری ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Coming soon == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> === Several improvements around templates === Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki: * Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]), * Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]), * and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right). All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. </div> - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ۱۷:۳۸, ۲۸ فروری ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=22907463 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki. There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss: * A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&A|community panel]] recorded on 18 February 2022 shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants. * The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022 and 25 February 2022. You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance <br /> Wikimedia Foundation <br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۷:۱۷, ۲ مارچ ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22916674 --> {{پنجابی گنتی}} {{پنجابی گنتی}} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]]. You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۵:۵۲, ۸ مارچ ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22962850 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />Hello! The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about "Regional and Thematic Hubs". The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9. The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''. Best regards, [[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]]<br />Movement Strategy <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> ۰۶:۳۱, ۱۰ مارچ ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22974079 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. ([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram]) The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]] A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]]. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۱۹:۴۰, ۱۴ مارچ ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''. Thank you, From the Community Development team<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۷:۲۰, ۱۸ مارچ ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22974079 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == {{پنجابی گنتی}} {{پنجابی گنتی}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۱۹:۲۹, ۲۶ مارچ ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Greetings, The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work. The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Best regards, Movement Strategy and Governance<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۶:۵۳, ۳۰ مارچ ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23079949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 6</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="msg-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 6, April 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the sixth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board of trustees elections and other relevant MSG topics. This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while the more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Leadership Development -''' A Working Group is Forming! - The application to join the Leadership Development Working Group closed on April 10th, 2022, and up to 12 community members will be selected to participate in the working group. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continue reading]]) *'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification Results are out! -''' The global decision process on the enforcement of the UCoC via SecurePoll was held from 7 to 21 March. Over 2,300 eligible voters from at least 128 different home projects submitted their opinions and comments. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Discussions on Hubs -''' The Global Conversation event on Regional and Thematic Hubs was held on Saturday, March 12, and was attended by 84 diverse Wikimedians from across the movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Strategy Grants Remain Open! -''' Since the start of the year, six proposals with a total value of about $80,000 USD have been approved. Do you have a movement strategy project idea? Reach out to us! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continue reading]]) *'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee is All Set! -''' The Committee of fifteen members which was elected in October 2021, has agreed on the essential values and methods for its work, and has started to create the outline of the Movement Charter draft. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continue reading]]) *'''Introducing Movement Strategy Weekly -''' Contribute and Subscribe! - The MSG team have just launched the updates portal, which is connected to the various Movement Strategy pages on Meta-wiki. Subscriber to get up-to-date news about the various ongoing projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continue reading]]) *'''Diff Blogs -''' Check out the most recent publications about Movement Strategy on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continue reading]]) </div><section end="msg-newsletter"/> </div> Also, a draft of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|'''2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan''']] has been published. Input is being sought on-wiki and during [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations|'''several conversations''' with Wikimedia Foundation CEO Maryana Iskander]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|See full announcement on Meta-wiki]]. [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۶:۴۵, ۲۲ اپریل ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23184989 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today! <br>--The Wikipedia Library Team ۱۸:۱۷, ۲۶ اپریل ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=23036656 --> == Coming soon: Improvements for templates == {{پنجابی گنتی}} {{پنجابی گنتی}} <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog (example from a left-to-right wiki).]] Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon: The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. ([[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]]) Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. We would love to [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|hear your feedback]]! </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ۱۵:۵۷, ۲۹ اپریل ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=23222047 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Editing news 2022 #1</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> [[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages. New editors are more successful with this new tool. You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]]. Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test. You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].<section end="message"/> </div> [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ۲۳:۵۵, ۲ مئی ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=22019984 --> == 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']] The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees. The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees. The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team. ;Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]]. Thank you for your support, Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> ۱۵:۳۹, ۱۰ مئی ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23215441 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, We'd like to provide an update on the work on the Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct. After the conclusion of the community vote on the guidelines in March, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs committee (CAC)]] of the Board [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ asked that several areas of the guidelines be reviewed for improvements] before the Board does its final review. These areas were identified based on community discussions and comments provided during the vote. The CAC also requested review of the controversial Note in 3.1 of the UCoC itself. Once more, a big thank you to all who voted, especially to all who left constructive feedback and comments! The project team is working with the Board to establish a timeline for this work, and will communicate this next month. Members of the two prior [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|UCoC Drafting Committees]] have generously offered their time to help shape improvements to the Guidelines. You can read more about them and their work [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions_Committee|here]], as well as read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Phase_2_meeting_summaries#2022|summaries of their weekly meetings in 2022]]. Wikimedians have provided many valuable comments together with the vote and in other conversations. Given the size and diversity of the Wikimedia community, there are even more voices out there who can give ideas on how to improve the enforcement guidelines and add even more valuable ideas to the process. To help the Revisions committee identify improvements, input on several questions for the committee’s review is requested. Visit the Meta-wiki pages ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Enforcement Guidelines revision discussions]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Policy text revision discussions]]) to get your ideas to the Committee - it is very important that viewpoints are heard from different communities before the Committee begins drafting revision proposals. On behalf of the UCoC project team <br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۳:۵۶, ۴ جون ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23215441 --> == Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hi, Greetings The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced! We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]''' Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project. We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year. '''Thank you,''' '''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' --[[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۲۱:۱۳, ۴ جولائی ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=23454230 --> == Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass == :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi all, Community members in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|propose statements to use in the Election Compass.]] An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views. ;Here is the timeline for the Election Compass: * July 8 - 20: Community members propose statements for the Election Compass * July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements * July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements * August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements * August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements * August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August. The Elections Committee will oversee the process, supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance team. MSG will check that the questions are clear, there are no duplicates, no typos, and so on. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|talk]]) ۱۶:۳۴, ۱۴ جولائی ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23215441 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="msg-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation. The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]]) * '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]]) * '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]]) * '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]]) * '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]]) * '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]]) * '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]]) * '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]]) * '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]]) * '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]]) </div><section end="msg-newsletter"/> </div> Thank you for reading! [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۰۶:۳۷, ۱۸ جولائی ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23529147 --> == Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election == <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi everyone, '''The Affiliate voting process has concluded.''' Representatives from each Affiliate organization learned about the candidates by reading candidates’ statements, reviewing candidates’ answers to questions, and considering the candidates’ ratings provided by the Analysis Committee. The selected 2022 Board of Trustees candidates are: * Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[:m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]]) * Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[:m:User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]]) * Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[:m:User:Esh77|Esh77]]) * Kunal Mehta ([[:m:User:Legoktm|Legoktm]]) * Michał Buczyński ([[:m:User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]]) * Mike Peel ([[:m:User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]]) You may see more information about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Results]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|Statistics]] of this Board election. Please take a moment to appreciate the Affiliate Representatives and Analysis Committee members for taking part in this process and helping to grow the Board of Trustees in capacity and diversity. These hours of volunteer work connect us across understanding and perspective. Thank you for your participation. Thank you to the community members who put themselves forward as candidates for the Board of Trustees. Considering joining the Board of Trustees is no small decision. The time and dedication candidates have shown to this point speaks to their commitment to this movement. Congratulations to those candidates who have been selected. A great amount of appreciation and gratitude for those candidates not selected. Please continue to share your leadership with Wikimedia. Thank you to those who followed the Affiliate process for this Board election. You may review the results of the Affiliate selection process. '''The next part of the Board election process is the community voting period.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|You may view the Board election timeline here]]. To prepare for the community voting period, there are several things community members can engage with in the following ways: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Read candidates’ statements]] and read the candidates’ answers to the questions posed by the Affiliate Representatives. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Propose and select the 6 questions for candidates to answer during their video Q&A]]. * See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee’s ratings of candidates on each candidate’s statement]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Propose statements for the Election Compass]] voters can use to find which candidates best fit their principles. * Encourage others in your community to take part in the election. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee'' </div><section end="announcement-content"/> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ۱۹:۰۳, ۲۷ جولائی ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23530132 --> == Vote for Election Compass Statements == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi all, Volunteers in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|vote for statements to use in the Election Compass]]. You can vote for the statements you would like to see included in the Election Compass on Meta-wiki. An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views. Here is the timeline for the Election Compass: *<s>July 8 - 20: Volunteers propose statements for the Election Compass</s> *<s>July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements</s> *July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements *August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements *August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements *August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee'' </div><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ۰۲:۰۱, ۲۸ جولائی ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23530132 --> <div class="mw-content-ltr"> == Management of files == Hello everyone! Sorry to write in English. It is only legal for Wikipedia to host files if they have a valid license (see [[:wmf:Resolution:Licensing_policy]]). Either a free license or a non-free license. All files without a license must be deleted. So either all files must be checked or a license have to be added or the file must be deleted. I added information to [[:فائل:Islamabad United.png]] but had to copy the templates from enwiki to make it work. I also created {{tl|Information}} that shold be used on free files. Since pnbwiki only have 225 files and no new files are uploaded perhaps it would simply be easier to delete all files instead of creating the templates needed. --[[ورتنوالا:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MGA73|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MGA73|کم]]) ۱۸:۲۶, ۳۱ جولائی ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) Hello again! I have added files without a license to [[:Category:Files with no license]]. You can Click [https://usualsuspects.toolforge.org/?language=pnb&project=wikipedia&category=Files_with_no_license&min_days=14&badboys=Bad+Boys here to see who uploaded] the files. Sadly most of the users are no longer active. If no license is added the files have to be deleted. You can help by 1) Adding a license and source if possible or 2) replacing the files with a free file. --[[ورتنوالا:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MGA73|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MGA73|کم]]) ۱۹:۴۵, ۲۸ اگست ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) </div> == The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi everyone, The Community Voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Here are some helpful links to get you the information you need to vote: * Try the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]], showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics. * Read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|candidate statements]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|answers to Affiliate questions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Learn more about the skills the Board seeks]] and how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills]] If you are ready to vote, you may go to [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll voting page]] to vote now. '''You may vote from August 23 at 00:00 UTC to September 6 at 23:59 UTC.''' To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23708360 --> == Invitation to join the Movement Strategy Forum == :''{{More languages}}'' <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello everyone, The [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Movement Strategy Forum] (MS Forum) is a multilingual collaborative space for all conversations about Movement Strategy implementation. We are inviting all Movement participants to collaborate on the MS Forum. The goal of the forum is to build community collaboration, using an inclusive multilingual platform. The [[m:Movement Strategy|Movement Strategy]] is a collaborative effort to imagine and build the future of the Wikimedia Movement. Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy, from a comment to a full-time project. ;Join this forum with your Wikimedia account, engage in conversations, and ask questions in your language. The Movement Strategy and Governance team (MSG) launched the proposal for the MS Forum in May 2022. There was a 2-month community review period, which ended on 24 July 2022. The community review process included several questions that resulted in interesting conversations. You can read the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/ms-forum-community-review-report/1436 Community Review Report]. We look forward to seeing you at the MS Forum! Best regards, the Movement Strategy and Governance Team [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ۱۶:۳۲, ۲۹ اگست ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23720620 --> == The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]] Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.''' We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022. It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Top of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="A section of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === About the skin === '''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.] '''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs. '''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin. * The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%. * The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages. * The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on. * The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities. '''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins. === How can editors change and customize this skin? === It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. === Our plan === '''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Request for more time to discuss the change</span>]]</div> If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۹:۱۵, ۲۲ ستمبر ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23838600 --> == Update on Vector 2022 == [[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]]. We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one. We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۴:۲۴, ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23955535 --> == Invitation to attend “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” Sessions == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello all, During the 2022 Wikimedia Summit, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) presented the first outline of the Movement Charter, giving a glimpse on the direction of its future work, and the Charter itself. The MCDC then integrated the initial feedback collected during the Summit. Before proceeding with writing the Charter for the whole Movement, the MCDC wants to interact with community members and gather feedback on the drafts of the three sections: Preamble, Values & Principles, and Roles & Responsibilities (intentions statement). The Movement Charter drafts will be available on the Meta page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content|here]] on November 14, 2022. Community wide consultation period on MC will take place from November 20 to December 18, 2022. Learn more about it [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|here]]. With the goal of ensuring that people are well informed to fully participate in the conversations and are empowered to contribute their perspective on the Movement Charter, three '''“Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter"''' sessions have been scheduled in different time zones. Everyone in the Wikimedia Movement is invited to attend these conversations. The aim is to learn about Movement Charter - its goal, purpose, why it matters, and how it impacts your community. MCDC members will attend these sessions to answer your questions and hear community feedback. The “Ask Me Anything” sessions accommodate communities from different time zones. Only the presentation of the session is recorded and shared afterwards, no recording of conversations. Below is the list of planned events: *<s>'''Asia/Pacific''': November 4, 2022 at 09:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1667552400 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Chinese and Japanese.</s> * '''Europe/MENA/Sub Saharan Africa''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Arabic, French and Russian. * '''North and South America/ Western Europe''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Spanish and Portuguese. On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Meta page]] you will find more details; Zoom links will be shared 48 hours ahead of the call. '''Call for Movement Charter Ambassadors''' Individuals or groups from all communities who wish to help include and start conversations in their communities on the Movement Charter are encouraged to become [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassadors]] (MC Ambassadors). MC Ambassadors will carry out their own activities and get financial support for enabling conversations in their own languages. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Regional facilitators]] from the Movement Strategy and Governance team are available to support applicants with MC Ambassadors grantmaking. If you are interested please sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|here]]. Should you have specific questions, please reach out to the MSG team via email: strategy2030@wikimedia.org or on the MS forum. We thank you for your time and participation. On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ۲۰:۳۳, ۷ نومبر ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Apply for Funding through the Movement Strategy Community Engagement Package to Support Your Community == :''{{More languages}}'' <section begin="announcement-content" /> The Wikimedia Movement Strategy implementation is a collaborative effort for all Wikimedians. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation Grants]] support projects that take the current state of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy Initiative]] and push it one step forward. If you are looking for an example or some guide on how to engage your community further on Movement Strategy and the Movement Strategy Implementation Grants specifically, you may find this '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/Community Engagement Package|community engagement package]]''' helpful. The goal of this community engagement package is to support more people to access the funding they might need for the implementation work. By becoming a recipient of this grant, you will be able to support other community members to develop further grant applications that fit with your local contexts to benefit your own communities. With this package, the hope is to break down language barriers and to ensure community members have needed information on Movement Strategy to connect with each other. Movement Strategy is a two-way exchange, we can always learn more from the experiences and knowledge of Wikimedians everywhere. We can train and support our peers by using this package, so more people can make use of this great funding opportunity. If this information interests you or if you have any further thoughts or questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to us as your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|regional facilitators]] to discuss further. We will be more than happy to support you. When you are ready, follow the steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About |this page]] to apply. We look forward to receiving your application. Best regards, <br> Movement Strategy and Governance Team <br> Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ۲۱:۲۶, ۱۴ نومبر ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Opportunities open for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee == <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>'' </div> Hi everyone! The Ombuds commission (OC) and the Case Review Committee (CRC) are looking for members. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to do so. There is more information below about the opportunity and the skills that are needed. '''About the Ombuds commission''' The Ombuds commission (OC) works on all Wikimedia projects to investigate complaints about violations of the privacy policy, especially in use of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CheckUser policy|CheckUser]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|Oversight]] (also known as Suppression) tools. The Commission mediates between the parties of the investigation and, when violations of the policies are identified, advises the Wikimedia Foundation on best handling. They may also assist the General Counsel, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Trustees of the Foundation in these investigations when legally necessary. For more on the OC's duties and roles, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|see Ombuds commission on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Volunteers serving in this role should be experienced Wikimedians, active on any project, who have previously used the CheckUser/Oversight tools OR who have the technical ability to understand these tools and the willingness to learn them. They must be able to communicate in English, the common language of the commission. They are expected to be able to engage neutrally in investigating these concerns and to know when to recuse when other roles and relationships may cause conflict. Commissioners will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year). '''About the Case Review Committee''' The Case Review Committee (CRC) reviews appeals of eligible Trust & Safety office actions. The CRC is a critical layer of oversight to ensure that Wikimedia Foundation office actions are fair and unbiased. They also make sure the Wikimedia Foundation doesn’t overstep established practices or boundaries. For more about the role, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Case Review Committee|see Case Review Committee on Meta-Wiki]]'''. We are looking for current or former functionaries and experienced volunteers with an interest in joining this group. Applicants must be fluent in English (additional languages are a strong plus) and willing to abide by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee/Charter|terms of the Committee charter]]. If the work resonates and you qualify, please apply. Committee members will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year). '''Applying to join either of these groups''' Members are required to sign the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information|Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] and must be willing to comply with the appropriate Wikimedia Foundation board policies (such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Access to nonpublic information policy|access to non-public information policy]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Privacy policy|Foundation privacy policy]]). These positions requires a high degree of discretion and trust. Members must also be over 18 years of age. '''If you are interested in serving in either capacity listed above,''' please write in English to the Trust and Safety team at ca[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the OC) or to the Legal Team at legal[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the CRC) with information about: * Your primary projects * Languages you speak/write * Any experience you have serving on committees, whether movement or non-movement * Your thoughts on what you could bring to the OC or CRC if appointed * Any experience you have with the Checkuser or Oversight tools (OC only) * Any other information you think is relevant '''The deadline for applications is 31 December 2022 in any timezone.''' Please feel free to pass this invitation along to any users who you think may be qualified and interested. Thank you! On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually. We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas! The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows: * Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023 * Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023 * Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023 * Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023 If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023! </div> {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]</bdi> ۱۷:۵۹, ۱۳ دسمبر ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:STei_(WMF)/CWS_2023_List&oldid=24226232 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۱۵:۲۴, ۲۴ دسمبر ۲۰۲۲ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == enable, configure wpcleaner == errors detected by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Check_Wikipedia Check Wiki project] can be fixed using [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner WPCleaner]. i assume it requies admin to enable and configure. i request to enable on our wiki. thank you. -۰۷:۱۶, ۲۱ فروری ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work: # The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it. # They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]]. <strong>Talk pages project</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]] The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]] An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site. <strong>New Project: Edit Check</strong> The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click "{{int:publishchanges}}". The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&nbsp;March&nbsp;2023]] to learn more.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) ۰۴:۲۴, ۲۳ فروری ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=24611966 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> ۰۲:۲۱, ۲۸ فروری ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> {{پنجابی گنتی}} {{پنجابی گنتی}} == Cleaning up files == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, sorry to write in English! According to [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing_policy]] all files must have a valid license or they have to be deleted! Here is an overview of the files: {{پنجابی گنتی}} {{پنجابی گنتی}} Number of files '''{{formatnum:{{NUMBEROFFILES}}|R}}''' files. * Free: [[:Category:All free media]] ({{formatnum:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:All_free_media|files}}|R}} files) * Non-free: [[:Category:All non-free media]] ({{formatnum:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:All_non-free_media|files}}|R}} files) * No license: [[:Category:Files with no license]] ({{formatnum:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Files_with_no_license|files}}|R}} files) '''Question:''' Does pnb.wiki have a Exemption Doctrine Policy (EDP) so that non-free files can be kept as fair use? If not all non-free files have to be deleted. '''Question:''' Would anyone help to check if all files have a license, a source and an author? I have written to a few users about the files they uploaded. But some users are no longer active. So the files they uploaded probably have to be deleted. Files without a license must be deleted so it is important. --[[ورتنوالا:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MGA73|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MGA73|کم]]) ۱۶:۳۳, ۱۲ مارچ ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) : I noticed that pnb.wiki is not listed on [[:m:Non-free content]] and it has no page that matches [[:en:Wikipedia:Non-free content]]. I think there should be a formal policy and Exemption Doctrine Policy (EDP) to comply with [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing_policy]]. If there is a formal policy it should be added to meta. If there is no formal policy pnb.wiki should make one or delete all the non-free files. : It is NOT allowed to host non-free files without an EDP. --[[ورتنوالا:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MGA73|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MGA73|کم]]) ۲۲:۳۸, ۱۷ اپریل ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) ::The free files have now been checked and if possible moved to Commons. There are still files without a license to check. Please help check those (Click [https://usualsuspects.toolforge.org/?language=pnb&project=wikipedia&category=Files_with_no_license&min_days=14&badboys=Bad+Boys to see who uploaded] and look for own name). Also files nominated for deletion need admins to check/delete [[:گٹھ:امیدوار براۓ حذف شدگی]] --[[ورتنوالا:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MGA73|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MGA73|کم]]) ۲۳:۰۹, ۱۸ اپریل ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) </div> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimania Singapore Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ۰۵:۴۱, ۲۱ اپریل ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24748237 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ۰۰:۰۰, ۲۷ اپریل ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == Deletion request == I would like to request deletion of this page created by a cross-wiki spammer: * [[قانون_از_جے_پی]] Thanks! [[ورتنوالا:Bovlb|Bovlb]] ([[ورتن گل بات:Bovlb|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/Bovlb|کم]]) ۰۵:۴۴, ۱ مئی ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) == Global ban proposal for Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. If this is not the proper place to post, please move it somewhere more appropriate. {{int:Please-translate}} There is an on-going discussion about a proposal that Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY be globally banned from editing all Wikimedia projects. You are invited to participate at [[:m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark|Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark]] on Meta-Wiki. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:Unite together|U.T.]] ([[User talk:Unite together|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) ۱۷:۳۶, ۴ مئی ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:1234qwer1234qwer4@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Requests_for_comment/Global_ban_for_Piermark/Invitations/AN2&oldid=24980083 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], ۰۹:۲۰, ۲۷ مئی ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Announcing the new Elections Committee members</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello there, We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۲۳:۰۰, ۲۸ جون ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == Deploying the Phonos in-line audio player to your Wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies if this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. This wiki will soon be able to use the [[mw:Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player]] implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. This is part of fulfilling a wishlist proposal of providing [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Multimedia_and_Commons/Audio_links_that_play_on_click|audio links that play on click]]. With the inline audio player, you can add text-to-speech audio snippets to wiki pages by simply using a tag: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="audio file" label="Listen"/> </syntaxhighlight> The above tag will show the text next to a speaker icon, and clicking on it will play the audio instantly without taking you to another page. A common example where you can use this feature is in adding pronunciation to words as illustrated on the [[wiktionary:en:English#Pronunciation|English Wiktionary]] below. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{audio|en|En-uk-English.oga|Audio (UK)}} </syntaxhighlight> Could become: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="En-uk-English.oga" label="Audio (UK)"/> </syntaxhighlight> The inline audio player will be available in your wiki in 2 weeks time; in the meantime, we would like you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos|read about the features]] and give us feedback or ask questions about it in this [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:Phonos|talk page]]. Thank you!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], on behalf of the Foundation's Language team</bdi> </div> ۰۷:۲۶, ۲۷ جولائی ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_announcement_list_(In-line_audio_player)&oldid=25350821 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, ۲۰:۳۵, ۲۸ اگست ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) ۱۴:۲۳, ۱۵ ستمبر ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25018086 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee ==</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ۲۱:۴۱, ۹ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]]. Best, Katie Chan <br> Chair of the Elections Committee<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> ۰۶:۱۳, ۱۷ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], ۱۸:۱۱, ۱۵ نومبر ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] ۱۷:۳۱, ۱۳ دسمبر ۲۰۲۳ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۱۲:۲۶, ۱۸ جنوری ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۱۲:۲۶, ۱۸ جنوری ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۲۳:۰۸, ۱۹ جنوری ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۲۲:۰۰, ۳۱ جنوری ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks. Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۲۳:۲۳, ۱۲ فروری ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۲۱:۲۵, ۵ مارچ ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions * June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5] * June-August 2024: Campaign period * End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period * October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates * Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan. '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]]. Best regards, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]۰۰:۵۷, ۱۳ مارچ ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], ۰۵:۰۱, ۱۵ مارچ ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636619 --> == Global ban proposal for Slowking4 == Hello. This is to notify the community that there is an ongoing global ban proposal for [[User:Slowking4]] who has been active on this wiki. You are invited to participate at [[metawiki:Requests for comment/Global ban for Slowking4 (2)|m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Slowking4 (2)]]. Thank you. [[ورتنوالا:Seawolf35|Seawolf35]] ([[ورتن گل بات:Seawolf35|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/Seawolf35|کم]]) ۱۰:۱۲, ۱۵ مارچ ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۰۱:۲۰, ۲۶ اپریل ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ۰۲:۲۳, ۱۵ مئی ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Dear community members, The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. On behalf of the CAC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۰۷:۲۵, ۲۲ مئی ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term: * North America (USA and Canada) ** – * Northern and Western Europe ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Latin America and Caribbean ** – * Central and East Europe (CEE) ** — * Sub-Saharan Africa ** – * Middle East and North Africa ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * South Asia ** – The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۱۳:۱۵, ۳ جون ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Plans to enable the Content and Section translation tool in your Wikipedia == {{int:Hello}} Western Punjabi Wikipedians! Apologies, as this message is not in your native language; {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] proposes to enable the Section and Content translation tool by default to your Wikipedia if there are no objections from members of your community. The [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section Translation]] extends the capabilities of [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] to support mobile devices. Below is background information about the tools and how to test the Section translation tool. '''Background information''' [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has been a successful tool for editors to create content in their language. More than one million articles have been created across all languages since the tool was released in 2015. However, the tool is not out of beta in Western Punjabi Wikipedia, limiting the discoverability of the tool and its use and blocking the enablement of the Section translation in your Wikipedia. [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section Translation]] extends the capabilities of Content Translation to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will: * Guide you to translate one section at a time to expand existing articles or create new ones * Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device So, we will enable the tools on Western Punjabi Wikipedia by June 20th, 2024, if there are no objections from your community. '''Try the Section translation tool''' Before the enablement, you can try the current implementation of the tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&from=en&to=pnb&sx=true#/ our testing instance]. Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, you’ll have access to https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation with your mobile device. You can select an article and translate it from scratch. Currently, there is no machine translation support for your Wikipedia. Often, this is due to the lack of parallel data to train translation models for your language. Considering that making translations of Wikipedia articles is [[mw:Content_translation/Published_translations#Parallel_corpora|a way to generate such parallel corpora]], we consider that enabling these tools by default for visibility and more use can benefit your language. '''Request for feedback''' Please provide feedback about the Section translation in this thread or on [[mw:Talk:Content_translation|this project talk page]]. We want to  hear about your impressions on * The section translation tool * What do you think about our plans to enable it * Your ideas for improving the tool Thanks, and we look forward to your feedback and questions. On behalf of the WMF Language team. [[ورتنوالا:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[ورتن گل بات:UOzurumba (WMF)|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/UOzurumba (WMF)|کم]]) ۲۰:۵۳, ۵ جون ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi everyone, The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading. '''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?''' The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. '''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”''' Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote. '''Movement Charter ratification vote''' Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta. If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. On behalf of the MCDC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۱۳:۴۴, ۱۱ جون ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading. Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]]. After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further. If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. On behalf of the CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۱۵:۵۲, ۲۵ جون ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''. If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۰۸:۴۵, ۸ جولائی ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۵:۰۳, ۱۰ جولائی ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.   As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy. The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: '''Individual vote:''' Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333). '''Affiliates vote:''' Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111). '''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:''' The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].   With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''. We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance. The Charter Electoral Commission, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۲۲:۵۲, ۱۸ جولائی ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۰۷:۴۷, ۲۷ جولائی ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ۲۰:۳۰, ۶ اگست ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۰۴:۱۹, ۲۳ اگست ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ۱۹:۰۶, ۲ ستمبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board. Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]]. When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۱۷:۱۴, ۳ ستمبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], ۱۴:۳۷, ۲۰ ستمبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۲۳:۵۷, ۲۷ ستمبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony ۰۸:۲۰, ۶ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> ==Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Western Punjabi Wikipedia== {{Int:Hello}} Western Punjabi Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Western Punjabi Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|frameless|534x534px|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|722x722px|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 24th October 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[ورتنوالا:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[ورتن گل بات:UOzurumba (WMF)|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/UOzurumba (WMF)|کم]]) ۰۹:۲۶, ۱۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted. The following four candidates were the most voted: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]] Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] ۱۳:۲۵, ۱۴ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۴:۰۸, ۱۷ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ۱۶:۲۹, ۲۲ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team ۱۰:۱۲, ۲۹ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] ۰۰:۵۴, ۲۲ نومبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> ==Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Western Punjabi Wikipedia== {{Int:Hello}} Western Punjabi Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Western Punjabi Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. This feature is available in four Wikipedia (Albanian, Malayalam, Mongolian, and Tagalog). We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 10th December 2024. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[ورتنوالا:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[ورتن گل بات:UOzurumba (WMF)|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/UOzurumba (WMF)|کم]]) ۰۹:۴۷, ۲۸ نومبر ۲۰۲۴ (PKT) == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] ۱۷:۰۸, ۱۶ جنوری ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۶:۱۱, ۲۴ جنوری ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۰۷:۳۶, ۲۹ جنوری ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۰۷:۳۶, ۲۹ جنوری ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۵:۴۸, ۳ فروری ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ۱۳:۲۹, ۲۲ فروری ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ۲۳:۵۱, ۷ مارچ ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> ۰۷:۵۶, ۱۳ مارچ ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> ۰۴:۱۴, ۱۵ مارچ ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۷:۰۴, ۴ اپریل ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> ۲۱:۱۱, ۱۶ اپریل ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۵:۳۴, ۱۷ اپریل ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> ۲۰:۰۳, ۲۸ اپریل ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۸:۴۱, ۲۹ اپریل ۲۰۲۵ (PKT)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) ۲۰:۰۷, ۶ مئی ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Enabling Dark mode for logged-out users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikimedians, Apologies, as this message is not written in your native language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] will be enabling [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] in this Wiki by 15th May 2025 now that pages have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! The plan to enable is made possible by the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who ensured that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, the Web team has concluded work on dark mode. If, on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create a page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/xx.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> ۰۵:۰۸, ۷ مئی ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_Dark_mode_deployment_message_list_(May_2025)&oldid=28673792 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|گل بات]])</bdi> ۰۳:۰۷, ۱۶ مئی ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) ۲۰:۲۷, ۲۲ مئی ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۰۸:۰۷, ۲۸ مئی ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|گل بات]]) ۲۱:۴۷, ۲۹ مئی ۲۰۲۵ (PKT)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ۰۴:۰۱, ۱۴ جون ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۲۲:۴۴, ۱۷ جون ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, ۰۱:۵۷, ۲۸ جون ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۱۷:۴۵, ۱۴ جولائی ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> ۰۲:۳۶, ۲۷ اگست ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> ۲۰:۴۱, ۱۸ ستمبر ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۰۹:۴۸, ۹ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) ۱۶:۴۳, ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] ۱۹:۱۳, ۳۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) ۱۹:۲۲, ۲۰ نومبر ۲۰۲۵ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' ۰۰:۴۵, ۱۷ جنوری ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۱۸:۲۱, ۱۸ جنوری ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> ۰۲:۰۱, ۲۰ جنوری ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php? title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Collapsible sections with Parsoid Read Views </span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> On the page [[میاں پیر فقیراللہ بکوٹی]] there is a box generated from [[سانچہ:تصوف]] which contains several collapsable sections. These sections seem to [https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C?useparsoid=1 work correctly using Parsoid] but not [https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C?useparsoid=0 when using the legacy parser]. Since we expect to [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|switch to using Parsoid for pnb.wikipedia.org within the next few weeks]], you do not need to do anything: when we switch to Parsoid this template will work as expected. We did want to notify you of the issue, however; you can follow up at [[phab:T417202]] for more information. [[ورتنوالا:Cscott|Cscott]] ([[ورتن گل بات:Cscott|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/Cscott|کم]]) ۲۳:۱۵, ۱۲ فروری ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) </div> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> ۰۵:۴۲, ۱۸ فروری ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-02-16_Wikipedias&oldid=30094589 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۲۲:۱۱, ۳ اپریل ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[ورتنوالا:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ورتن گل بات:MediaWiki message delivery|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|کم]]) ۰۵:۵۸, ۲۶ اپریل ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. 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[[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|گل بات]])</bdi> ۲۲:۱۱, ۲۳ جون ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) ۱۸:۲۹, ۲۵ جون ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) ۱۷:۲۴, ۲۴ جولائی ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> 8zp9mby3h6yatc5i2hhw5sqf70yh82o 0 5394 708895 419729 2026-07-25T10:54:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708895 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="direction:rtl; font-family:tahoma"> {|table id="toc" style="margin:0;background:#ccccff";width:130%" align="left" cellpadding="1" | style="background:#ACE1AF" align="center" width="130px" colspan=2 |'''<font size="+1" color=black>ٹرارالگن<font>''' |- | style="background:#d0f0c0" align="center" width="130px" colspan=2 |'''<font size="1" color=black>Traralgon<font>''' |- |-style="margin:0;background:#ccccff";width:100%" align="center" cellpadding="2" |- align="center" | colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 2px solid #D3D3D3;" | [[Traralgon_urban_area_viewed_from_Tyers_lookout.jpg]] |- | [[دیس]]: || [[آسٹریلیا]] [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|30px]] |- |[[صوبہ]] :|| [[وکٹوریہ]] |- | لوک گنتی: || 29,000 |- |[[بولی]]: || [[انگریزی]] |- |} '''ٹرارالگن''' [[آسٹریلیا]] دے صوبے [[وکٹوریہ]] دا اک [[شہر]] اے ۔ ایہ شہر 1840ء دے دہاکے چ وسایا گیا سی ۔ ==ہور ویکھو== *[[آسٹریلیا]] *[[آسٹریلیا دے شہر]] ==باہرلے جوڑ== * [http://www.traralgonhistory.asn.au/ Traralgon Historical Society] * [http://www.latrobe.vic.gov.au Latrobe City Website] * [http://home.vicnet.net.au/~mgfhs/ Mid Gippsland Family History Society] * [http://www.traralgon.com.au Traralgon Visitor Guide – Traralgon.com.au] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104174534/http://www.traralgon.com.au/ |date=2022-11-04 }} {{آسٹریلیا دے شہر}} [[Category:آسٹریلیا]] [[Category:آسٹریلیا دے شہر]] op40o4emvhob3vhzr9fkdckmpvts5q2 0 51369 708885 698351 2026-07-25T04:34:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708885 wikitext text/x-wiki ایہ '''نوبل انعام جیتوآں دی یونیورسٹی وابستگی لحاظ نال لسٹ''' نوبل انعام جیتوآں دی مختلف یونیورسٹیاں نال وابستگی نوں ظاہر کرتی اے( ایہ تعلق بطور مدرس،منتظم، محقق یا طالبعلم ہوسکدا اے ) اس چ سارے نوبل انعام بشمول نوبل معاشی انعام جتن آلے دیاں وابستگیاں وی ظاہر کیتیاں گئیاں نیں۔یونیورسٹیاں دی ترتیب انعام جتن آلے دی تعداد دے لحاظ نال رکھی گئی اے۔ رہنمائی: {{Nobel abbr|Ph}} فزکس, {{Nobel abbr|Ch}} کیمیاء, {{Nobel abbr|PM}} طب یا فعلیات, {{Nobel abbr|Li}} ساہت, {{Nobel abbr|Pe}} امن, {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} معاشیات. ==[[ہارورڈ یونیورسٹی]]== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام توں پہلے یا بعد چ<ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام دے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[ہارورڈ یونیورسٹی]]نال تعلق رکھن آلیاںشخصیتاں دا ذکر صرف نوبل فانڈیشن دے مطابق کیتا گیا اے۔. |- valign="top" |157 (official 48)<ref name=harvard>{{cite web | url =http://news.harvard.edu/guide/content/nobel-laureates| title = Harvard Nobel Laureates | accessdate = 2013-12-16}}</ref> <!-- As of July 2012, http://www.harvard.edu/about/glance.php says "44 current and former faculty members" As of July 2012, this article lists 42 Academic Staff, 13 Attendee or Researcher, 56 Graduates Some persons are listed in multiple categories (e.g., Graduate and also Academic Staff) See the section headed "Harvard" on the talk page for more on this. As of June 2013 there were 131 unique names listed, but Harvard doesn't use this number. --> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایڈم ریس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[بن روئے مٹل سن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برائن پی سیہمڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ جے ونلینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایڈوارڑملس پرسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہگ ڈیوڈ پیولٹزر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن ہیزبروک وان ویک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوزف ہوٹن ٹیلر جے آر]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1993/taylor-bio.html | title=Nobel Prize Autobiography Joseph H Taylor Jr}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کنتھ گیڈس ولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پرسی ولیم برج مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلپ وارن انڈرسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[روئے جے گلوبر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ساول پرلموتر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[شیلڈن لی گلاشو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرسچن بی اینفنسن]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیوڈ لی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈونالڈ جے کرام]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیوڈلی آر ہرچبچ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایدوارڈ اڈلبرٹڈویسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جیمز بی سمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جیروم کارلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مارٹن کالفی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ آر. شروک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روالڈ ہوف مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[راجر ڈی کورنبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[راجر ٹسین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھیوڈور ولیم رچرڈز]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھامس اے. سٹیٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والٹر گلبرٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والٹر کوہن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ہورڈ سٹین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم سٹینڈش کنولس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مارٹن کارپلس]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس برنٹن ہگس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کریگ میلو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈینئیل کارلیٹون گیجڈسک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ای ڈونالڈ تھامس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارک کینڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فریڈرک کیپمین رابنس]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ڈیوڈ سنل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایچ ہائیچنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج مانٹ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایچ رابرٹ ہروٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ ای. ورمس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جے مائیکل بشوپ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز روتھ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوہن فرینکلن انڈرس]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوزف میورے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ماریو کیپیکی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رالف ایم. سٹین مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس ہکلر ویلر]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ولیم پی مارفی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[میخائل سپنس]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[برٹل ہلن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کریسٹوفر اے. سمس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ارک ماسکن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز ٹوبن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[للویڈ شیپلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[مرٹن ملر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاؤل سیمیولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ سولو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[روگر مائرسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس جے سارجنٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس شلنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ورمن ایل سمتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایل گور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[بارک اوباما]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[David A. Morse]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلن جانسن سرلیف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ہنری کسنگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رالف جانسن بنچ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[تھیوڈور روزویلٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹی۔ ایس ایلیٹ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلکس بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Jean-Marie Lehn]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ریوجی نیوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یوآن ٹی لی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اریا وارشل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[بنغت آئی سیمیولسن]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1982/samuelsson-autobio.html | title=Nobel Prize Autobiography Bengt I. Samuelsson}}</ref><ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الزیبتھ بلیک برن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج وون بیکسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایچ ہائیچنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان دوسے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رچرڈ جے رابرٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ لیفکووٹز]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The early days of discovery|url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/10/the-early-days-of-discovery/|publisher=Harvard Magazine|accessdate=12 October 2012}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس سی. سڈہوف]]<ref name=Sudhof>{{cite web|title=Sudhof CV|url=http://neuroscience.stanford.edu/images/Sudhof-cv2009.pdf|access-date=2016-02-29|archive-date=2022-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210092017/https://neuroscience.stanford.edu/images/Sudhof-cv2009.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ جے۔ شیلر]]<ref name="Robert Shiller CV">{{cite web|title=Robert Shiller CV|url=http://capitalism.columbia.edu/files/ccs/Vita10%20Shiller_cc.pdf|access-date=2016-02-29|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104162422/http://capitalism.columbia.edu/files/ccs/Vita10%20Shiller_cc.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[یوجین اونیل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹی۔ ایس ایلیٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برٹن رچر]] <ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلاؤڈ کوہن-ٹناڈجی]] <ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایڈوارڑملس پرسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان باردین]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جولیان سکونگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نکولس بلومبرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نورمن فوسٹر رامسے جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اون چیمبر لین]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1959/10/27/visiting-professor-receives-nobel-prize-pa/ | title=Visiting Professor Receives Nobel Prize}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پرسی ولیم برج مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رککارڈو گیاککونی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[روئے جے گلوبر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سرگ ہروچ]]<ref name="Serge Haroche CV">{{cite web | url=http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/en-serge-haroche/biography.htm#|page=../en-serge-haroche/biography.htm| title=Serge Haroche CV}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[شیلڈن لی گلاشو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سٹیون وینبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولس لیمب]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون چیکونور]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2004/ciechanover-cv.html?print=1 | title=CV Aaron Ciechanover}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرسچن بی اینفنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیریک بارٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیوڈلی آر ہرچبچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الیاس جیمز کورے]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جیوفرے ولنکسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج دی ہیوسی]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1941/1/10/professor-hevesy-of-denmark-appointed-dunham/ |title=Professor Hevesy of Denmark Appointed Dunham Lecturer}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گرہارڈہرز برگ]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1961/9/28/dunham-lecturer-named-pdr-luis-f/ | title=Dunham Lecturer Named}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ آر ارنسٹ]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1991/10/17/physics-chem-nobels-awarded-pthe-royal/ | title=Physics, Chem Nobels Awarded}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ برن ودورڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سیون برگ سٹورم]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1982/bergstrom.html | title=Nobel Prize Autobiography Sune Bergstrom}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھیوڈور ولیم رچرڈز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم لیپسکومب]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مارٹن کارپلس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ای مورنر]]<ref>{{cite web|title=WE Moerner short bio|url=http://web.stanford.edu/group/moerner/cv/WEM_Short_Bio.pdf|publisher=Stanford|accessdate=8 October 2014}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ سزنٹ-گیورگی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الان مکلیوڈ کورمک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[باروخ بن الصراف]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[بنغت آئی سیمیولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس سکوٹ شرنگ ٹن]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1927/10/17/give-third-dunham-lecture-pthe-third/ | title=Give Third Dunham Lecture | publisher=Harvard Crimson | year =1927}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈیوڈ ایچ ہیوبل]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسس کرک]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/crick-bio.html/ | title=Nobel Bio Francis Crick}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فریڈرک کیپمین رابنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرٹز البرٹ لیپ مین]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج مانٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج والڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گیرالڈ ایڈر مین]]<ref name="Gerald M. Edelman CV">{{cite web | url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/edelman-cv.pdf | title=Gerald Edelman CV}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جے مائیکل بشوپ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیک ڈبلیو. سزوسٹک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز ڈی واٹسن|James Watson]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوہن فرینکلن انڈرس]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان وین]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1982/vane.html | title=Nobel Prize Autobiography John R Vane}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کونارڈ ایمل بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لنڈابی بک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میکس تھیلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس ہکلر ویلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ٹورسٹن ویسل]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ویلم ائینتھون]]<ref>{{cite book | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_w9v_ZkzTZoC&lpg=PA63&ots=9mDcXHTM7D&dq=harvard%20einthoven%20dunham&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q&f=false | title = A History of Electrocardiography | author=George Edward Burch, Nicholas P. DePasquale}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[میخائل سپنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[الون اے روتھ]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کینتھ ارو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ سی . مرٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[سائمن کزٹس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[واسلےلیونٹیف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لارس پیٹر ہنسن]]<ref name="Lars Peter Hanson CV" /> #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ہنری کسنگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رالف جانسن بنچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ڈیرک ولکوٹ]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1992/10/9/walcott-wins-nobel-lit-prize-pwest/ | title=Walcott Wins Nobel Lit. Prize}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جے ایم کوئٹزی]]<ref name="Coetzee">{{cite web|title=JM Coetzee Nobel Bio|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/coetzee-bio.html}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ماریو ورگاس للوسا]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2010/10/llosa-nobel-literature | title=Mario Vargas Llosa Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature }}{</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ناڈینگورڈیمر]] <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1994/12/5/gordimer-author-but-also-activist-pat/ | title=Gordimer: Author, But Also Activist}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سیمس ہنی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹی۔ ایس ایلیٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایگ بوہر]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چن نینگ یانگ]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انریکو فرمی]]<ref name="Loeb">{{cite web|url=http://www.physics.harvard.edu/about/loeb2.html|title=The Loeb and Lee Lectureship Funds: 1953-1990|access-date=2016-02-29|archive-date=2013-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528130936/http://www.physics.harvard.edu/about/loeb2.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گیرارڈ ٹی ہوفٹ]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس بیتھ]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ازیڈور ائیزک ربی]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن کوکروفٹ]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[صتیون چھو]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سونگ داو لی]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم الفرڈ فاولر]]<ref name="Loeb"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[میکس پیروٹز]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1963/2/25/nobel-winner-named-dunham-lecturer-pmax/ | title=Nobel Winner Named Dunham Lecturer}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]]<ref name="Peter Debye Nobel">{{cite web | url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1936/debye-bio.html | title=Peter Debye Nobel bio}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارل فرڈیننڈ کوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فریڈرک گولینڈ ہوپکنس]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1936/9/29/total-of-fifteen-guest-lecturers-here/ | title=Total OF Fifteen GUEST LECTURERS HERE FOR 1936-37}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[اوسکر اریآس]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Fellows, Heffernan Visiting Fellow Come to Institute of Politics<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1998/02.05/NewFellowsHeffe.html |access-date=2016-02-29 |archive-date=2015-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208173132/http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/1998/02.05/NewFellowsHeffe.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[چیکلا ملوسز]] <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1981/10/7/milosz-pczeslaw-milosz-norton-professor-of/ | title=Milosz | publisher=Harvard Crimson | year = 1981}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[اورخان پاموک]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mahindrahumanities.fas.harvard.edu/content/norton-lectures | title=Norton Lectures | access-date=2016-02-29 | archive-date=2016-11-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102102334/http://mahindrahumanities.fas.harvard.edu/content/norton-lectures | dead-url=yes }}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وو ل سوینکا]] <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/11/12/nobel-winner-on-survival-while-in/ | title=Nobe Winner on Survival}}</ref> |} ==جامعہ کولمبیا== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Columbia University]] |- valign="top" |104 (official 82)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.columbia.edu/content/nobel-laureates.html | title = Columbia | accessdate = 2012-10-15 | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062048/http://www.columbia.edu/content/nobel-laureates.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنو الن پنزاس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ازیڈور ائیزک ربی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیو جیمز رین واٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جولیان سکونگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیون ایم لیڈر مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیون کوپر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مارٹن لیوس پیرل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ملون سکوارٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نورمن فوسٹر رامسے جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ انڈریو ملکین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وال لودسن وچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہربرٹ اے ہاوپٹمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارونگ لینگمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان ہورڈ نورتروپ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روالڈ ہوف مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ ایچ. گربس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ لیفکووٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ہورڈ سٹین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم سٹینڈش کنولس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[باروچ سیمیول بلوم برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[باروخ بن الصراف]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈکنسن ڈبلیو رچرڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اڈوارڈ کیلون کینڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج والڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ ای. ورمس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہرمن جوزف میولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیشوا لیڈربرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کونارڈ ایمل بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لیوس اگارو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رچرڈ اکزل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[الون اے روتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کینتھ ارو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ملٹن فریڈمان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ سی . مرٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ فوگل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[سائمن کزٹس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ولیم وکری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[بارک اوباما]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[نکولس مرے بٹلر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنو الن پنزاس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان سی مادر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم شوکلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گرہارڈہرز برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سڈنی آلٹ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[آرتھر کورن برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[باروچ سیمیول بلوم برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[باروخ بن الصراف]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈکنسن ڈبلیو رچرڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کونارڈ لونٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لنڈابی بک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ملٹن فریڈمان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ سولو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جوز ریموس ہورٹا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[تھیوڈور روزویلٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایگ بوہر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر لیونارڈ شکالو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارلو روبیا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس ہارڈ ٹاونس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایملیو جی سگری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انریکو فرمی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس بیتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہاڈیکی یوکوا]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہورسٹ لوڈلگ سٹورمر]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ازیڈور ائیزک ربی]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیک سٹین برگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیو جیمز رین واٹر]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیون ایم لیڈر مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ملون سکوارٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماری گیل مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نورمن فوسٹر رامسے جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پولی کارپ کوشچ]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سیمیول چاؤ چنگ تنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سٹیون وینبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سونگ داو لی]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وال لودسن وچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ویلیم وین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Max Planck]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولس لیمب]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہارلڈ اری]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارونگ لینگمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مارٹن کالفی]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولارڈ لیبی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مارٹن کارپلس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈری فریڈرک کونینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈینئیل نیتھن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈینئیل کارلیٹون گیجڈسک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈکنسن ڈبلیو رچرڈ]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ای ڈونالڈ تھامس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارک کینڈل]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ ای. ورمس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہرمن جوزف میولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیشوا لیڈربرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کونارڈ ایمل بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رچرڈ اکزل]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیلواڈور لوریا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیون برگ سٹورم]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس ہنٹ مورگن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز روتھ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈمنڈ فیلپس]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فرانکو موڈگ لیامی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گارے بکر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیورج سٹگلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمزہکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جوزف اسٹگلیز]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ملٹن فریڈمان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ منڈل]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ولیم وکری]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایل گور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لیو شیاوبو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[نکولس مرے بٹلر]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ڈیرک ولکوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[گبریلا مسٹرال]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوزف برودسکی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ماریو ورگاس للوسا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ناڈینگورڈیمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[اورخان پاموک]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈینیل چی تسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنڈرک لورنٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ملون سکوارٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روالڈ ہوف مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیشوا لیڈربرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ سولو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلائ وائسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[کوفی عنان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لیما غبووی]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Barnard Welcomes Nobel Laureate Leymah Gbowee as Distinguished Fellow in Social Justice|url=http://barnard.edu/news/barnard-welcomes-nobel-laureate-leymah-gbowee-distinguished-fellow-social-justice|accessdate=22 November 2013|archive-date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203114218/http://barnard.edu/news/barnard-welcomes-nobel-laureate-leymah-gbowee-distinguished-fellow-social-justice|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |} == جامعہ کیمبریج == {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/>|- |colspan="5"|[[جامعہ کیمبرج]] |- valign="top" |91 (official 92) <ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/research-at-cambridge/nobel-prize-winners | title = University of Cambridge | accessdate = 2010-10-11}} The official count excludes researchers at the MRC [[Laboratory of Molecular Biology]] after 1962 without a college or university affiliation. (See separate listing).</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[عبد السلام]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انٹونی ہیوش]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برائن ڈیوڈ جوزف سن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سی ایف پاول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس گلور بارکالا]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس تھومسن ریس ولسن|Charles Wilson]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اڈوارڈ وکٹر اپلیٹن|Edward Appleton]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنسٹ والٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جارج پاگٹ تھامسن|George Thomson]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جے جے تھامسن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز چیڈوک]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن کوکروفٹ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان ولیم سٹرٹ, تھرڈبارون رےلیہ|Lord Rayleigh]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم لاورنس براگ|Lawrence Bragg]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نیول فرانسس موٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نیلز بوہر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نورمن فوسٹر رامسے جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اون ولنس رچرڈسن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹرک بلیکٹ , بارون بلیکٹ|Patrick M. S. Blackett]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پال ڈیراک]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیوٹر لیونڈیوچ کیپٹسہ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سبرامنین چندرشیکھر]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم ہنری براگ|William Bragg]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون کلگ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان مکڈیامک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[آرچر جوہن پورٹر مارٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈوروتھی ہودگکنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایرنسٹ ردرفورڈ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرانسسولیم ایسٹون]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فریڈرک سنگر]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/><br />{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فریڈرک سنگر]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج پورٹر]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان کینڈریو]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان پوپل]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[میکس پیروٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مائیکل لیوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹر ڈی میشل|Peter Mitchell]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ لاورنس ملنگٹن سنجی|Richard Synge]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ آر. شروک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[راجر ٹسین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رونالڈ جارج ورے فورڈ نورش]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والٹر گلبرٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الان للویڈ ہوڈکنس]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ سزنٹ-گیورگی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو ہکسلے]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارکیبالڈ ہل]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیسر میلسٹین]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس سکوٹ شرنگ ٹن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈگار ایڈرئین|Edgar Adrian]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الزیبتھ بلیک برن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسس کرک]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنری ہالٹ ڈییلی|Henry Dale]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہورڈ فلوری|Sir Howard Walter Florey]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان ای سلسٹن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مارٹن ایوانس]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میورس ولیکنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روڈنی رابرٹ پوٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ٹم ہنٹ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[انگس ڈیٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز میڈے]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز مرلیس]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ریچرڈ سٹون]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[اسٹن چیمبرلین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[Philip Noel-Baker]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[برٹرینڈ رسل]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[پیٹرک وائٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر کومپٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مارٹن ریل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس بورن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[John E. Walker|John Walker]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الان مکلیوڈ کورمک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارنسٹ بوری چین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارجز جے ایف کوہلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس ایڈلف کرب|Hans Krebs]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز ڈی واٹسن|James Watson]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول گرین گارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سڈنی برینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گیرارڈ ڈیبریو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جوزف اسٹگلیز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کینتھ ارو]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[عبد السلام]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انٹونی ہیوش]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برائن ڈیوڈ جوزف سن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس گلور بارکالا]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس تھومسن ریس ولسن|Charles Wilson]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اڈوارڈ وکٹر اپلیٹن|Edward Appleton]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جارج پاگٹ تھامسن|George Thomson]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جے جے تھامسن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز چیڈوک]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن کوکروفٹ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان ولیم سٹرٹ, تھرڈبارون رےلیہ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مارٹن ریل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نیول فرانسس موٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اون ولنس رچرڈسن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/><ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹرک بلیکٹ , بارون بلیکٹ|Patrick M. S. Blackett]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پال ڈیراک]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلپ وارن انڈرسن|Philip Anderson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیوٹر لیونڈیوچ کیپٹسہ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سٹیون وینبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سبرامنین چندرشیکھر]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم الفرڈ فاولر|William Fowler]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون کلگ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Alexander R. Todd|Alexander Todd]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرانسسولیم ایسٹون]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فریڈرک سنگر]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/><br />{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فریڈرک سنگر]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج پورٹر]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان کینڈریو]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان پوپل]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[میکس پیروٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹر ڈی میشل|Peter Mitchell]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رونالڈ جارج ورے فورڈ نورش]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[وینکٹ رامن رامکرشنن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الان للویڈ ہوڈکنس]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو ہکسلے]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارکیبالڈ ہل]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیسر میلسٹین]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس سکوٹ شرنگ ٹن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈگار ایڈرئین|Edgar Adrian]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسس کرک]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فریڈرک گولینڈ ہوپکنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہورڈ فلوری|Sir Howard Walter Florey]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان بی. گرڈن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان ای سلسٹن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مارٹن ایوانس]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ جی. ایڈوارڈز]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ٹم ہنٹ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ارک ماسکن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز میڈے]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز مرلیس]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان ہک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کینتھ ارو]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ریچرڈ سٹون]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[برٹرینڈ رسل]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ماریو ورگاس للوسا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم لاورنس براگ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایرنسٹ ردرفورڈ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[John E. Walker|John Walker]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> |} ==جامعہ شکاگو== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Chicago]] |- valign="top" |91 (official 89)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www-news.uchicago.edu/resources/nobel | title = University of Chicago - Nobel Laureates | accessdate = 2006-06-11}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چن نینگ یانگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلنٹن ڈیویسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈینیل چی تسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنسٹ لاورنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فرانک ولزیک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جارج ای سمتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیک سٹین برگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز واٹسن کرونن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیروم آئیزک فرائڈ مین|Jerome Friedman]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیوس والٹلر الوریزز|Luis W. Alvarez]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اون چیمبر لین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ انڈریو ملکین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سونگ داو لی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرانک شروڈ رولینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہربرٹ سی براون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون روس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Robert Mulliken]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[بروس بیوٹلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈوارڈ لاورک ٹاوٹم]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز ڈی واٹسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[راجر والکاٹ سپیری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گارے بکر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیورج سٹگلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ہیری مارکوٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ہربرٹ اے۔ سائمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز ایم۔ بچانن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ملٹن فریڈمان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[میرون سکولز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاؤل سیمیولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ لیوکس , جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[یوجین فاما]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الیکزی الیکزیوچ ابریکوسو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[یوجین پاول وگنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس بیتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جولیان سکونگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مساٹوشی کوشیبا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الیکسس کارل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج والڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کینتھ ارو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایملی گرین بالچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سال بیلو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ اے مچلسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر کومپٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انریکو فرمی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز فرانک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماری گیل مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سبرامنین چندرشیکھر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[یوچیرو نامبو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ادا یوناتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لویس ٖفیڈریکو لیلوئر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گلین ٹی سی بورگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہنری ٹاوبی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہربرٹ سی براون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الیا پرگوگین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کارل زیگلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول جے. کوٹزن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ سمالی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولارڈ لیبی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ہورڈ سٹین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یوآن ٹی لی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس برنٹن ہگس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایدوارڈ اڈلبرٹڈویسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ویل بیڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہرمن جوزف میولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوہن ایکلس|Sir John Carew Eccles]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کونارڈ ایمل بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینیل مکفیڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فریڈریک ہایک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گیرارڈ ڈیبریو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمزہکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کینتھ ارو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لاؤرنس کلائین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لیونڈ ہروکز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[مرٹن ملر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ منڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ فوگل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[روگر مائرسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رونالڈ کوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[یوجین فاما]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لارس پیٹر ہنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھیوڈور سکلٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس جے سارجنٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تجالنگ کوپمنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ٹراگیو ہیولمو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[بارک اوباما]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[برٹرینڈ رسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جے ایم کوئٹزی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیون ایم لیڈر مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہارلڈ اری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹی۔ ایس ایلیٹ]] |} ==مساچیوسٹ انسٹیٹیوٹ آف ٹیکنالوجی== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[MIT|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |- valign="top" |85 (official 85)<ref>[http://web.mit.edu/ir/pop/awards/nobel.html MIT Office of the Provost, Institutional Research<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایڈم ریس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برٹن رچر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل ایڈون ویمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایرک ایلن کورنیل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جارج ایف سموٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنری وے کینڈل]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماری گیل مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رچرڈ فلپ فے مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ بی لاولینگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم ڈینیل فلپس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم شوکلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[چارلس جے پیڈرسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الیاس جیمز کورے]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ برن ودورڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Robert S. Mulliken]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سڈنی آلٹ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پال ایل موڈرچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو فائر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لیلینڈ ایچ. ہرٹ ویل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایچ رابرٹ ہروٹز]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جارج اکرلوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جوزف اسٹگلیز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لاؤرنس کلائین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[اولیر ای . ولیمسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاول کرگمین]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پیٹر ڈائمنڈ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ منڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ سی . مرٹن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ اومن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ جے۔ شیلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جین ترولی]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[کوفی عنان]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈینیل چی تسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایڈوارڑملس پرسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس بیتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہورسٹ لوڈلگ سٹورمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیک سٹین برگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جولیان سکونگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیوس والٹلر الوریزز|Luis W. Alvarez]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نکولس بلومبرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نورمن فوسٹر رامسے جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سرگ ہروچ]]<ref name="Serge Haroche CV"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون چیکونور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ادا یوناتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈون مکملن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جیوفرے ولنکسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ازیڈور ائیزک ربی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھومس چیک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ای ڈونالڈ تھامس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ماریو کیپیکی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول گرین گارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ورمن ایل سمتھ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس ہارڈ ٹاونس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلاؤڈ کوہن-ٹناڈجی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلفورڈ شل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فرانک ولزیک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنری وے کینڈل]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیروم آئیزک فرائڈ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سیمیول چاؤ چنگ تنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[شیلڈن لی گلاشو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سٹیون وینبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ کٹرلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیریک بارٹون]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Derek Barton Nobel Bio|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1969/barton-bio.html}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارنست اوٹو فسچر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کارل بیری شارپلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ماریو جے. مولینا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ آر. شروک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈیوڈ بلٹی مور]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایچ رابرٹ ہروٹز]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر گوبند کھرانا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فلپ الن شارپ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیلواڈور لوریا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سسوموٹونیگوا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز روتھ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینیل مکفیڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈمنڈ فیلپس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ارک ماسکن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فرانکو موڈگ لیامی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز مرلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان فوربس ناش جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[میرون سکولز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاؤل سیمیولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاول کرگمین]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پیٹر ڈائمنڈ]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ سی . مرٹن]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ ایف۔اینگل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ سولو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لارس پیٹر ہنسن]]<ref name="Lars Peter Hanson CV">{{cite web|title=Lars Peter Hanson CV|url=http://home.uchicago.edu/~lhansen/lph-cv.pdf|access-date=2016-02-29|archive-date=2013-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103095019/http://home.uchicago.edu/~lhansen/lph-cv.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جین ترولی]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> | |} ==جامعہ کیلیفورنیا،برکلی== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of California, Berkeley]] (The official count of UC Berkeley includes faculty and alumni only, once per person) |- valign="top" |72 (official 47)<ref name="nobel.universityofcalifornia.edu">{{cite web |url = https://www.berkeley.edu/news/features/nobel/|title = UC Berkeley - Nobel Laureates|accessdate = 2016-01-13}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایڈم ریس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ جے گروس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ جے ونلینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان سی مادر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ بی لاولینگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ساول پرلموتر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[صتیون چھو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اون چیمبر لین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولس لیمب]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان جے ہیگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گلین ٹی سی بورگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہارلڈ اری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہنری ٹاوبی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کیرے میولس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ماریو جے. مولینا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ کرل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھومس چیک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولارڈ لیبی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم جیوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یوآن ٹی لی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو فائر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارول ڈبلیو. گریڈر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہملٹن او سمتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوزف ارلینگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[عیل مین والکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینئیل کہنیمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لاؤرنس کلائین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈوگلس نارتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس جے سارجنٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس شلنگ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایڈم ریس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلکس بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیک سٹین برگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز واٹسن کرونن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جولیان سکونگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سٹیون وینبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سونگ داو لی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[احمد زیول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جیوفرے ولنکسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرٹ وتھرچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یوآن ٹی لی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[آرتھر کورن برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میورس ولیکنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سڈنی برینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ورنر اربر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ولیم ایف۔ شارپ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈونالڈ اے گلیسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایملیو جی سگری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنسٹ لاورنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جارج ایف سموٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیوس والٹلر الوریزز|Luis W. Alvarez]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اون چیمبر لین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ساول پرلموتر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اوٹو سٹرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[شیلڈن لی گلاشو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیوڈلی آر ہرچبچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈون مکملن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گلین ٹی سی بورگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان ہورڈ نورتروپ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ملون کیلون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[راجر ٹسین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولارڈ لیبی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم جیوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یوآن ٹی لی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الزیبتھ بلیک برن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سٹینلی بی پروسینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رینڈی شیک مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینئیل کہنیمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینیل مکفیڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جارج اکرلوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گیرارڈ ڈیبریو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ہربرٹ اے۔ سائمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جون ہارسانئے]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[اولیر ای . ولیمسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پیٹر ڈائمنڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کریسٹوفر اے. سمس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[چیکلا ملوسز]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[صتیون چھو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس ہارڈ ٹاونس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونڈل میریڈتھ سٹینلی]] |} ==جامعہ آکسفورڈ== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|The [[جامعہ آکسفرڈ]]'s official count does not include affiliates who came to Oxford after receiving their Nobel prize.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web | url = http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/oxford-people/award-winners| title = Oxford - Nobel Laureates | accessdate = 2013-12-16}}</ref> |- valign="top" |64 (official 51)<ref name="Oxford" /> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انتھونی جیمز لگٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مارٹن ریل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سیریل نورمن ہنشلوڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فریڈرک سوڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈوروتھی ہودگکنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان کونفورتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[John E. Walker]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Alexander R. Todd|Alexander Todd]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[باروچ سیمیول بلوم برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہورڈ فلوری|Howard Walter Florey]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوہن ایکلس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان بی. گرڈن]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان وین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اولیور سمیتھز]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پیٹر میڈاوار]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سڈنی برینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گونر مائرڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز میڈے]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان ہک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[میخائل سپنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[آنگ سان سو چی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رابرٹ سیسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لسٹر پیرسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوہن گالس ورتھی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹی۔ ایس ایلیٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وی ایس . نیپاول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ولیم گولڈینگ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Oxford Chabad Society |url=http://www.oxfordchabad.org/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/457396/jewish/Albert-Einstein.htm |title=Oxford Jewish Personalities: |accessdate=7 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=The Oxford Times |year=2012 |url=http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk/leisure/history_heritage/9617968.How_Einstein_fled_from_the_Nazis_to_an_Oxford_college/ |title=How Einstein fled from the Nazis to an Oxford college |accessdate=7 March 2015}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارون شروڈنگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن ہیزبروک وان ویک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلاوس ون کلٹزنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نورمن فوسٹر رامسے جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[احمد زیول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لینس پالنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول جے. کوٹزن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Robert Mulliken]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ رابنسن|Robert Robinson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روڈلف اے مارکس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ ایچ. گربس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[احمد زیول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سٹیفین ہیل]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www3.mpibpc.mpg.de/groups/hell/personals/shell.html| title = Stefan W. Hell - Bio| accessdate = 2014-10-10}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس سکوٹ شرنگ ٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارنسٹ بوری چین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ویل بیڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان بی. گرڈن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[نکولاس ٹنبرجن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول نرس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روڈنی رابرٹ پوٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیویرو اوچاو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[راگنر گرانٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز مرلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جوزف اسٹگلیز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لاؤرنس کلائین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ سولو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جوز ریموس ہورٹا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سیمس ہنی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر کومپٹون]]<ref name="Arthur H. Compton, 1892—1962, A Biographical Memoir by Samuel K. Allison">{{cite web | url = http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/acompton.pdf| title = Arthur H. Compton, 1892—1962, A Biographical Memoir by Samuel K. Allison| accessdate = 2014-04-06}}</ref><ref name="Eastman Professors at the University of Oxford">{{cite web | url = http://www.americanrhodes.org/info.html| title = Eastman Professors at the University of Oxford| accessdate = 2014-03-25}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلپ وارن انڈرسن]]<ref name="Philip W. Anderson - Biographical">{{cite web | url = http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1977/anderson-bio.html| title = Professor Philip W. Anderson - Biographical| accessdate = 2014-03-25}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم ڈینیل فلپس]]<ref name="Eastman Professors at the University of Oxford"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولس لیمب]]<ref name="Willis E. Lamb Jr., 94; Nobel Prize-Winning Physicist">{{cite web | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/18/AR2008051802345.html| title = Willis E. Lamb Jr., 94; Nobel Prize-Winning Physicist| accessdate = 2014-04-06}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فرانک ولزیک]]<ref name="Frank Wilczek - curriculum vitae">{{cite web | url = http://web.mit.edu/physics/people/faculty/docs/wilczek_cv.pdf| title = Frank Wilczek - curriculum vitae| accessdate = 2015-07-07}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہارلڈ اری]]<ref name="Eastman Professors at the University of Oxford"/><ref name="Harold C. Urey - Biographical">{{cite web | url = http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1934/urey-bio.html| title = Harold C. Urey - Biographical| accessdate = 2014-04-06}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ملون کیلون]]<ref name="Eastman Professors at the University of Oxford"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاول کرگمین]]<ref name="Professor Paul Krugman visiting the Department in Trinity Term 2014">{{cite web| url = http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/General-News/professor-paul-krugman-visiting-the-department-in-trinity-term-2014/| title = Professor Paul Krugman visiting the Department in Trinity Term 2014| accessdate = 2014-03-25| archive-date = 2014-03-25| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140325204307/http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/General-News/professor-paul-krugman-visiting-the-department-in-trinity-term-2014| dead-url = yes}}</ref> |} ==جامعہ سٹینڈفورڈ== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- | colspan="5" |[[Stanford University]] (Stanford official website now contains detailed records of Nobel Laureates) |- valign="top" |60 (official 49)<ref name="Stanford Nobel">{{cite web|url = http://news.stanford.edu/nobel/|title = Stanford Nobel laureates|work = Stanford University|accessdate = 2016-01-13}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل ایڈون ویمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایرک ایلن کورنیل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رچرڈ ای ٹیلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کارل بیری شارپلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیوڈلی آر ہرچبچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[راجر ڈی کورنبرگ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پال ایل موڈرچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رینڈی شیک مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[الون اے روتھ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جون ہارسانئے]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[اولیر ای . ولیمسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیروم آئیزک فرائڈ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کنتھ گیڈس ولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماٹینس جے جی ولٹمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول لیوٹربر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈوگلس نارتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گارے بکر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گیرارڈ ڈیبریو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ملٹن فریڈمان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تجالنگ کوپمنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جانسٹین بک]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر لیونارڈ شکالو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برٹن رچر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈوگلاس اوشروف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلکس بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنری وے کینڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مارٹن لیوس پیرل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ملون سکوارٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رچرڈ ای ٹیلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ ہوفسٹڈلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ بی لاولینگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سرگ ہروچ]]<ref name="Serge Haroche CV"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[شیلڈن لی گلاشو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[صتیون چھو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[تھیوڈر ڈبلیو ہائنچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولس لیمب]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[برائن کوبلکا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[راجر ڈی کورنبرگ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مائیکل لیوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہنری ٹاوبی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول فلوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ ایچ. گربس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو فائر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[آرتھر کورن برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈوارڈ لاورک ٹاوٹم]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فیڑڈ میراڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ویل بیڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز روتھ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس سی. سڈہوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[میخائل سپنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[الون اے روتھ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جوزف اسٹگلیز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[میرون سکولز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس جے سارجنٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ورمن ایل سمتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ولیم ایف۔ شارپ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کینتھ ارو]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ای مورنر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم شوکلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<br />{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیشوا لیڈربرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کینتھ ارو]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> |} ==جامعہ یال== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Yale University]] Note: Cowles Foundation Nobel laureates only include those on research staff after 1955, when the Foundation moved to Yale; an official list is provided which merely counts winners from 1934 to 2006. |- valign="top" |52 (official 25)<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.library.yale.edu/mssa/YHO/nobel_winners.pdf| title = NOBEL PRIZES AWARDED TO YALE ALUMNI AND FACULTY, 1934-2006 | accessdate = 2013-12-16}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ لی|David Lee]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنسٹ لاورنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماری گیل مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رئیمنڈ ڈیوس جے آر|Raymond Davis]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[برائن کوبلکا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جوہن فنن (کیمیاءدان)]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لارز اونسگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ویپل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الفرڈ جی گلمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈکنسن ڈبلیو رچرڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارک ایف. وسچاوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز روتھ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوہن فرینکلن انڈرس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیشوا لیڈربرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈمنڈ فیلپس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جارج اکرلوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاول کرگمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پیٹر ڈائمنڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ولیم وکری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سنکئیرلیس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[وینکٹ رامن رامکرشنن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الزیبتھ بلیک برن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارون نیہر]] Cowles Foundation: #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ہیری مارکوٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ہربرٹ اے۔ سائمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمزہکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جون ہارسانئے]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جوزف اسٹگلیز]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ اومن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کریسٹوفر اے. سمس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس کے کاؤ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جے جے تھامسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سرگ ہروچ]]<ref name="Serge Haroche CV"/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون روس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جوہن فنن (کیمیاءدان)]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لارز اونسگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سڈنی آلٹ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھامس اے. سٹیٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈوارڈ لاورک ٹاوٹم]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایمل پلاڈے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان وین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول گرین گارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز روتھ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینیل مکفیڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گیرارڈ ڈیبریو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز ٹوبن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جوزف اسٹگلیز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[اولیر ای . ولیمسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاول کرگمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس شلنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تجالنگ کوپمنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ جے۔ شیلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[Philip Noel-Baker]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ونگری ماتھی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولس لیمب]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میکس تھیلر]] |} ==جامعہ پیرس== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Paris]]'s count includes the successor Universities Paris I-XIII. |- valign="top" |51 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ فرٹ]] (PhD 1963) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الفرڈ کاسٹلر]] (DSc 1936) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلاؤڈ کوہن-ٹناڈجی]] (DSc 1962) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گبریل لیپمین]] (DSc 1875) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیرج چارپک]] (DSc 1955) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنری بیکرویل]] (DSc 1888) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جین باپٹسٹ پیرین]] (DSc 1897) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیوس نیل]] (MSc 1927) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیوس دی بروگلی]] (DSc 1924) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میری کیوری]](DSc 1903).<ref group=Note name=repeat/><br />{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[میری کیوری]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیری کیوری]] (DSc 1895) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیری گلز ڈی جینز]] (DSc 1957) #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سرگ ہروچ]] (PhD 1967 ; DSc 1971) #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فریڈرک جولیو]] (DSc 1930) #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[آنری موئساں]] (DSc 1880) #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[آئرین جولیٹ کیوری]] (DSc 1924) <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پول سانچیر|Paul Sabatier]] (DSc 1880) #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈری فریڈرک کونینڈ]] (MD 1930) #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈری مائیکل لوف]] (MD 1927 DSc 1932) #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس نکولے]] (MD 1893) #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس رچٹ]] (MD 1877 ; DSc 1878) #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانکیوس جیکب]] (MD 1947) #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسیوس باری سنوسی]] (PhD 1974) #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیکس مونوڈ]] (DSc 1941) #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان دوسے]] (MD 1945) #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لک مونٹیگنئیر]] (MD) #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گیرارڈ ڈیبریو]] (DSc 1956) #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ماورس آلیس]] (D.Eng. 1949) #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جین ترولی]] (PhD [[Paris-Dauphine University|Paris IX]] 1978) #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[فرڈیننڈ بوئسوں]] (DLitt 1891) #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[فریڈرک پاسے]] (LLB) #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لوئی رینو|Louis Renault]] (DCL) #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لیون بارگیو]] (DCL 1876) #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[پال ڈی کانسٹنٹ]] (LLB) #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رینے کاسن]] (DCL 1914) #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[یور گوسسیفرس]] (LLB) #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ہنری برگساں]] (BA 1880) #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ژاں پال سارتر]] (BA 1927) (refused the Prize) #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[روماں رولاں]] (D Litt 1895) | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گر ہارڈ ارٹل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یاکوبس ہینریکوس وانت ہوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیولس بورڈٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روگر گولیمنن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[البرٹ شویتزر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلبرٹ گوباٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لیون جوو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[فرانسیوس ماؤریک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[اودیسس الیٹس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[روگر ماٹن ڈو گاڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سیموئل بکٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹی۔ ایس ایلیٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[پیتریک مودیانو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ فرٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الفرڈ کاسٹلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گبریل لیپمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جین باپٹسٹ پیرین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیوس دی بروگلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[میری کیوری]].<ref group=Note name=repeat/><br />{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میری کیوری]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[آنری موئساں]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[آئرین جولیٹ کیوری]] <ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس رچٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانکیوس جیکب]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیکس مونوڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان دوسے]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لوئی رینو|Louis Renault]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جارج ایف سموٹ]] |} ==جامعہ کارنل== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Cornell University]] |- valign="top" |50 (43 official)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.news.cornell.edu/campus/Nobel_Laureates_at_CUk1.shtml | title = Nobel Laureates Affiliated with Cornell University | accessdate = 2013-12-20}}</ref><ref>http://www.cornell.edu/about/facts.cfm</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈوگلاس اوشروف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ازیڈور ائیزک ربی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[شیلڈن لی گلاشو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سٹیون وینبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایریک بیٹزگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ای مورنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[باربرا مک کلنٹک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ویل بیڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیک ڈبلیو. سزوسٹک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ ڈبلیو ہولی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ ایف۔اینگل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ فوگل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[پرل ایس بک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹونی موریسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جان موٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برائن ڈیوڈ جوزف سن|Brian D. Josephson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رسل الن ہلز|Russell Hulse]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہرمن جوزف میولر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ لی|David Lee]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فرانکیوس انگلرٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جارج پاگٹ تھامسن|George Thomson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس بیتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کنتھ گیڈس ولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیری گلز ڈی جینز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رچرڈ فلپ فے مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابڑت کول مین رچرڈسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لویس ٖفیڈریکو لیلوئر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہنری ٹاوبی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جیمز بی سمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<br />{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول فلوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روالڈ ہوف مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونسنٹ ڈیو وگنیوڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرٹز البرٹ لیپ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہالڈن کیفر ہارٹ لائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر برٹ سپنسر گیسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول گرین گارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پیٹر میڈاوار]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ فرشگوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[اوکٹاویو پاز]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہینس الفوین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مینفرڈ ایگن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ آر ارنسٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر گوبند کھرانا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ ای. ورمس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[نارمن بورلاگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وو ل سوینکا]] |} ==جامعہ جارج اگسٹ، گوٹنجن== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[جامعہ گوٹنجن]] |- valign="top" |50 (official 44)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/a/2002/nobelcd/html/intro.htm | title = Göttingen | accessdate = 2011-06-11}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس جیورج ڈیہلمٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہربرٹ کروئمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس وون لیو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اڈلف بیوٹنندٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارونگ لینگمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مینفرڈ ایگن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[نورمن ہاورتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میکس ڈیلبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ کوچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الئی مٹینیکو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس سی. سڈہوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لڈوگ کویڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[روڈولف کرسٹوف یوکن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انریکو فرمی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گستاف لوڈوگ ہرٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پال ڈیراک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ انڈریو ملکین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لویس ٖفیڈریکو لیلوئر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھیوڈور ولیم رچرڈز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھامس اے. سٹیٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارول ڈبلیو. گریڈر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس ایڈلف کرب|Hans Krebs]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[یوجین پاول وگنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز فرانک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہنس سٹارک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مان سیگبان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس بورن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Max Planck]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اوٹو سٹرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نیلز بوہر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹرک بلیکٹ , بارون بلیکٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[والٹتھر بوتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ویلیم وین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ پاول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ پاولی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈولف اٹو رائنہولڈ ونڈاؤس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوٹو ہان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوتو والاخ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ اڈولف زگمونڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سٹیفین ہیل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والتھر نرنسٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برٹ سیکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارون نیہر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول اہرلچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ناتھن سودربلوم]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنڈرک لورنٹز]] |} ==جامعہ ہیڈل برگ== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Heidelberg University|University of Heidelberg]] |- valign="top" |42 (official 34)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/zentral/universitaet/geschichte/hd_nobelpreis_gb_2010.pdf | title = Heidelberg nobel laureates | accessdate = 2013-12-20 | archive-date = 2012-11-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121110003536/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/zentral/universitaet/geschichte/hd_nobelpreis_gb_2010.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ اے مچلسن|Albert Michelson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہائک کملنگ اونس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز فرانک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس بورن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[تھیوڈر ڈبلیو ہائنچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ویلیم وین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ کٹرلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈولف وان بایر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرٹز ہیبر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھیوڈور ولیم رچرڈز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سر ولیم ریمسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سٹیفین ہیل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرچٹ کوسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس سپیمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو فرٹز مئیر ہوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو ہنرچ وار برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[آگسٹے بیرنارٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلبرٹ گوباٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[کارل سپٹلر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گبریل لیپمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس جیورج ڈیہلمٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہائک کملنگ اونس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز فرانک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مساٹوشی کوشیبا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلپ لینارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[روڈولف موسباور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[تھیوڈر ڈبلیو ہائنچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ کٹرلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سٹیفین ہیل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈری مائیکل لوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچئین نیوسلین-ولہارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارک ایف. وسچاوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرٹز البرٹ لیپ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج والڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سر پیٹر مینسفیلڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیویرو اوچاو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[آگسٹے بیرنارٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جے ہنس ڈی ہنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[والٹتھر بوتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فریڈرخ برجیاس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج وگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کارل زیگلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ کوہن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سٹیفین ہیل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برٹ سیکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرٹز البرٹ لیپ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج والڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ زر ہاوسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو ہنرچ وار برگ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کارل بوش]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سر ولیم ریمسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس سپیمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ زر ہاوسن]] |} ==جامعہ پرنسٹن== {{main|List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Princeton University}} {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[جامعہ پرنسٹن]] |- valign="top" |41 (38 official)<ref name=Princeton>{{cite web | url = http://www.princeton.edu/main/about/facts/nobel/ | title = Princeton University - Nobel Prize Winners | accessdate = 2013-12-21}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر کومپٹون]]<ref name=Princeton/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلنٹن ڈیویسن]]<ref name=Princeton/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فرانک ولزیک]]<ref name=Princeton/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان باردین]]<br />{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان باردین]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رچرڈ فلپ فے مین]]<ref name=Princeton/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ ہوفسٹڈلر]]<ref name=Princeton/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سٹیون وینبرگ]]<ref name=Princeton/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈون مکملن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ سمالی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[میخائل سپنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گارے بکر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمزہکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[للویڈ شیپلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان فوربس ناش جے آر]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.princeton.edu/mudd/news/faq/topics/Non-Cooperative_Games_Nash.pdf | title=Princeton University PhD Thesis}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[یوجین اونیل]]<ref name=Princeton/> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنو الن پنزاس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز واٹسن کرونن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوسامو شمومورا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ارک ماسکن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ووڈرو ولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[یوجین اونیل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ٹامس لینڈل]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[یوجین پاول وگنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوزف ہوٹن ٹیلر جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رسل الن ہلز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وال لودسن وچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلپ وارن انڈرسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ جے گروس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر بی مکڈونلڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارک ایف. وسچاوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز روتھ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈبلیو آرتھر لیوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کریسٹوفر اے. سمس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینئیل کہنیمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاول کرگمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس جے سارجنٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان فوربس ناش جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ماریو ورگاس للوسا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹونی موریسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[انگس ڈیٹن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈینیل چی تسی]]<ref name=Princeton/> |} ==جامعہ ہمبولڈٹ== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Humboldt University|Humboldt University Berlin]] |- valign="top" |41 (official 29)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hu-berlin.de/ueberblick-en/history/huben_html | title = Short History - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin | accessdate = 2013-12-21 | archive-date = 2012-04-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120424160357/http://www.hu-berlin.de/ueberblick-en/history/huben_html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گستاف لوڈوگ ہرٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز فرانک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل فرڈینڈ براون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Max Planck]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس وون لیو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[والٹتھر بوتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ویلیم وین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈولف اٹو رائنہولڈ ونڈاؤس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈولف وان بایر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرٹز ہیبر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرٹ الڈر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوتو والاخ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والتھر نرنسٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہانز فان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[پال ہیسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برٹ سیکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرٹز البرٹ لیپ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس ایڈلف کرب|Hans Krebs]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو ہنرچ وار برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[امیل وون بیرنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارنسٹ بوری چین]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ اے مچلسن|Albert Michelson]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارون شروڈنگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گر ہارڈ ارٹل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز فرانک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس بورن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Max Planck]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس وون لیو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[والٹتھر بوتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اڈلف بیوٹنندٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایدوارد بوخنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہرمن امیل فشر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یاکوبس ہینریکوس وانت ہوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوٹوڈیلس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوٹو ہان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ اڈولف زگمونڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ ولسٹیٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرچٹ کوسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس سپیمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول اہرلچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ کوچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[تھیوڈور مومسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] |} ==جامعہ نیویارک== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[New York University]] (NYU) |- valign="top" |36 (official 24 as of 2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2011/10/10/nyus-sargent-wins-2011-nobel-prize-in-economics.html |title=NYU's Sargent Wins 2011 Nobel Prize in Economics |publisher=New York University|accessdate=2015-09-22}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلفورڈ شل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فریڈرک رینز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مارٹن لیوس پیرل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارک کینڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج والڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گرٹروڈ بی. الیون]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیولیوس ایکزل روڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[الیہو روٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[محمد البرادعی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون روس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسس کرک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روزالن سوسمین یالو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[آرتھر کورن برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایمل پلاڈے]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فریڈریک ہایک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمزہکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[شمعون پیریز]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Robert S. Mulliken]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روڈلف اے مارکس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اورامہ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[باروخ بن الصراف]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیویرو اوچاو]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گونر مائرڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ اومن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ ایف۔اینگل]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس جے سارجنٹ]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تجالنگ کوپمنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈمنڈ فیلپس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسس کرک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو لوئی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاؤل سیمیولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[واسلےلیونٹیف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوزف برودسکی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[روڈولف کرسٹوف یوکن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سال بیلو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وو ل سوینکا]] |} ==جامعہ جان ہوپکن== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Johns Hopkins University]]'s official count includes those who have had an association with the University, either as graduates of Johns Hopkins or as faculty of the University before, at the time of, or subsequent to their receipt of the prize.<ref name="JHU">{{cite web | url =http://webapps.jhu.edu/jhuniverse/information_about_hopkins/facts_and_statistics/nobel_prize_winners/index.cfm | title = Johns Hopkins University - Nobel Prize Winners | accessdate = 2013-12-21}}</ref> |- valign="top" |36 (official)<ref name="JHU" /> | # {{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹر اگری]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسس پیٹر روس]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ویپل]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہالڈن کیفر ہارٹ لائن]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہملٹن او سمتھ]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر برٹ سپنسر گیسر]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوزف ارلینگر]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مارٹن روڈبل]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول گرین گارڈ]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رچرڈ اکزل]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس ہنٹ مورگن]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[مرٹن ملر]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ فوگل]] # {{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جوڈی ولیمز]] # {{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ووڈرو ولسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رککارڈو گیاککونی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونسنٹ ڈیو وگنیوڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈان سیکٹ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ جی. ایڈوارڈز|Robert Edwards]] | # {{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایڈم ریس]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رککارڈو گیاککونی]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹر اگری]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> # {{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈینئیل نیتھن]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہارلڈ اری]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لارز اونسگر]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ویپل]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہالڈن کیفر ہارٹ لائن]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو فائر]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارول ڈبلیو. گریڈر]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈیوڈ ایچ ہیوبل]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہملٹن او سمتھ]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوزف ارلینگر]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ٹورسٹن ویسل]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ریچرڈ سٹون]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ منڈل]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[سائمن کزٹس]] # {{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جے ایم کوئٹزی]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج مانٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز فرانک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رککارڈو گیاککونی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرسچن بی اینفنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈینئیل نیتھن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹر اگری]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارول ڈبلیو. گریڈر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہملٹن او سمتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[نکولس مرے بٹلر]] |} ==جامعہ لوڈوگ مکسیملین،میونخ== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich]] |- valign="top" |35 (official 13)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.en.uni-muenchen.de/about_lmu_alt/people/grants/nobel/index.html|title=LMU - Nobel Prize|accessdate=2013-12-21|publisher=Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich|archive-date=2013-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224112111/http://www.en.uni-muenchen.de/about_lmu_alt/people/grants/nobel/index.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گر ہارڈ ارٹل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گستاف لوڈوگ ہرٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس بیتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہنس سٹارک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Max Planck]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس وون لیو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ کٹرلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ پاولی]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایدوارد بوخنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہرمٹ مشل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوٹو ہان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہانز فشر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ کوہن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ ولسٹیٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہائنرش اٹو ویلینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برٹ سیکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گنٹر بلوبل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس ایڈلف کرب|Hans Krebs]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس سپیمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کونارڈ ایمل بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فیوڈر فیلکس کونارڈ لینن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو لوئی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[تھامس مین]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برٹ سیکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارل وون فرسچ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گر ہارڈ ارٹل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس وون لیو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[تھیوڈر ڈبلیو ہائنچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رونتجن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ویلیم وین]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایدوارد بوخنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اڈلف بیوٹنندٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈولف وان بایر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارنست اوٹو فسچر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہرمن امیل فشر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ اڈولف زگمونڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فیوڈر فیلکس کونارڈ لینن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارل وون فرسچ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گرڈ بنگ]] |} ==کیلیفورنیا انسٹیٹیوٹ آف ٹیکنالوجی== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[California Institute of Technology]] |- valign="top" |35 (official 34)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://nobel.caltech.edu | title = Caltech Nobel Recipients | publisher=California Institute of Technology|accessdate = 2013-12-21}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر بی مکڈونلڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل ڈیوڈ انڈریسن]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس ہارڈ ٹاونس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈونالڈ اے گلیسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈوگلاس اوشروف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کنتھ گیڈس ولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیو جیمز رین واٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ وڈرو ولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم الفرڈ فاولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم شوکلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایریک بیٹزگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈون مکملن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لینس پالنگ]].<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مارٹن کارپلس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم لیپسکومب]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈوارڈ بی لیوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہوورڈ مارٹن ٹیمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لیلینڈ ایچ. ہرٹ ویل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ سی . مرٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ورمن ایل سمتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان بی. گرڈن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ ڈبلیو ہولی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل ڈیوڈ انڈریسن]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہگ ڈیوڈ پیولٹزر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماری گیل مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رچرڈ فلپ فے مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم الفرڈ فاولر]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ انڈریو ملکین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[روڈولف موسباور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[احمد زیول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لینس پالنگ]].<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ ایچ. گربس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روڈلف اے مارکس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ویل بیڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میکس ڈیلبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈوارڈ بی لیوس]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[راجر والکاٹ سپیری]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس ہنٹ مورگن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈیوڈ بلٹی مور]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ریناٹو ڈلبیکو]] |} ==جامعہ کالج لندن== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University College London]] |- valign="top" |32 <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/1014/061014-john-okeefe | title = Professor John O'Keefe wins Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine | accessdate = 2014-10-06}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس کے کاؤ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسس کرک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مارٹن ایوانس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ٹراگیو ہیولمو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برنارڈ کٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جاروسلیو ہیروسکی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اون ولنس رچرڈسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فریڈرک سوڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوٹو ہان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونسنٹ ڈیو وگنیوڈ]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر برٹ سپنسر گیسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برٹ سیکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارنیلی ہیمینس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فریڈرک گولینڈ ہوپکنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنری ہالٹ ڈییلی|Henry Dale]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[رابندر ناتھ ٹیگور]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو لوئی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الف وون ایولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مے برٹ موزر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈورڈ موزر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ رابنسن|Robert Robinson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سر ولیم ریمسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو ہکسلے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارکیبالڈ ہل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز بلیک (ادویاتدان)]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پیٹر میڈاوار]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برنارڈ کٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹر ہگس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان او کیفے|John O'Keefe]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم ہنری براگ|William Bragg]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج پورٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمزہکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز روتھ مین]] |} ==ای ٹی ایچ زیورخ== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[ETH Zurich]] |- valign="top" |32 (official 29)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ethz.ch/about/bginfos/nobelprize/index_EN | title = ETH Zurich | accessdate = 2008-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ethz.ch/about/nobelprize | title = ETH Zurich 2 | accessdate = 2011-06-11}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس اڈوارڈ گلیاوم]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلکس بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جونس جیورج بیڈنورز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گرڈ بنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنرچ رورر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل ایلکزینڈر میولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رونتجن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرٹز ہیبر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ آر ارنسٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تادؤش رائشتائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ورنر اربر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس بورن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گوستاف ڈلین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارٹوری المری ورٹنن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج دی ہیوسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Jean-Marie Lehn]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لارز اونسگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ ایف ہیک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر گوبند کھرانا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کونارڈ ایمل بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میکس ڈیلبرگ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اوٹو سٹرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ پاولی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لیپولڈروزکا]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ کوہن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ آر ارنسٹ]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولادمیر پریلوگ]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الفرڈ ورنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرٹ وتھرچ]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ ولسٹیٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ای مورنر]] | |} ==جامعہ الینیوس،اربانا-کمپین== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]] |- valign="top" |30 (official 23)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.creativeservices.uiuc.edu/factsheetpdfs/nobel.pdf | format = PDF | title = University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | accessdate = 2006-06-11 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071128221728/http://www.creativeservices.uiuc.edu/factsheetpdfs/nobel.pdf | archivedate = 2007-11-28 | dead-url = yes }} (archived from [http://www.creativeservices.uiuc.edu/factsheetpdfs/nobel.pdf the original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128221728/http://www.creativeservices.uiuc.edu/factsheetpdfs/nobel.pdf |date=2007-11-28 }} on 2007-11-28)</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیک سینٹ کلئر کلبی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پولی کارپ کوشچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلپ وارن انڈرسن|Philip Anderson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونسنٹ ڈیو وگنیوڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونڈل میریڈتھ سٹینلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایدوارڈ اڈلبرٹڈویسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈون جی کربس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فلپ الن شارپ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ ڈبلیو ہولی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روزالن سوسمین یالو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہملٹن او سمتھ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برائن ڈیوڈ جوزف سن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیون کوپر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماری گیل مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چن نینگ یانگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سونگ داو لی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مارٹن کارپلس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سر پیٹر مینسفیلڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[الون اے روتھ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انتھونی جیمز لگٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان باردین]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الیاس جیمز کورے]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روڈلف اے مارکس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونسنٹ ڈیو وگنیوڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول لیوٹربر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیلواڈور لوریا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فرانکو موڈگ لیامی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لیونڈ ہروکز]] | |} ==جامعہ پیننسلوینیا== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Pennsylvania]] |- valign="top" |28 (official 28)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.archives.upenn.edu/people/notables/awards/nobel.html | title = UPenn | accessdate = 2011-06-11}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جارج ای سمتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[احمد زیول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرسچن بی اینفنسن]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ای ایچی نگیشی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گیرالڈ ایڈر مین]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مائیکل سٹاورٹ براون]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سٹینلی بی پروسینر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[راگنر گرانٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہیڈکیشراکوا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونسنٹ ڈیو وگنیوڈ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رئیمنڈ ڈیوس جے آر|Raymond Davis]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ ہوفسٹڈلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان جے ہیگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان مکڈیامک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرسچن بی اینفنسن]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون روس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ کوہن]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہالڈن کیفر ہارٹ لائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گیرالڈ ایڈر مین]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ زر ہاوسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈمنڈ فیلپس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[اولیر ای . ولیمسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ منڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس جے سارجنٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[باروچ سیمیول بلوم برگ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو فرٹز مئیر ہوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لاؤرنس کلائین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[سائمن کزٹس]] |} ==جامعہ مانچسٹر== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Manchester]] |- valign="top" |25<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/history-heritage/history/nobel-prize | title = Our Nobel Prize winners | accessdate = 2015-03-24}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس تھومسن ریس ولسن|Charles Wilson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جے جے تھامسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز چیڈوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[آرتھر ہارڈن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جوہن پولانیی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مائیکل سمتھ (کیمیاءدان)|Michael Smith]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ رابنسن|Robert Robinson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[نورمن ہاورتھ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس بیتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن کوکروفٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نیلز بوہر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج دی ہیوسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ملون کیلون]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انڈر گیم]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کونسٹاٹن نوسکلو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نیول فرانسس موٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹرک بلیکٹ , بارون بلیکٹ|Patrick M. S. Blackett]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Alexander R. Todd|Alexander Todd]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایرنسٹ ردرفورڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارکیبالڈ ہل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈبلیو آرتھر لیوس|Arthur Lewis]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان ہک]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم لاورنس براگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان ای سلسٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جوزف اسٹگلیز]] |} ==جامعہ روکلیفر== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Rockefeller University]] |- valign="top" |24 (official)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rockefeller.edu/about/awards/nobel/ | title = Rockefeller University | accessdate = 2011-06-11}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈیوڈ بلٹی مور]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گیرالڈ ایڈر مین]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارل لینڈ سٹینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان ہورڈ نورتروپ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سٹینفورڈ موری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونڈل میریڈتھ سٹینلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ہورڈ سٹین]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہالڈن کیفر ہارٹ لائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الیکسس کارل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈیوڈ بلٹی مور]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈوارڈ لاورک ٹاوٹم]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرٹز البرٹ لیپ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایمل پلاڈے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گیرالڈ ایڈر مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گنٹر بلوبل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر برٹ سپنسر گیسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیشوا لیڈربرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول گرین گارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ٹورسٹن ویسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ کلاوڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچن ڈی دووی]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسس پیٹر روس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ بروس میریفیلڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رالف ایم. سٹین مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روڈرک مککینون]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول نرس]] | |} <==جامعہ مینسوٹا== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Minnesota]] |- valign="top" |23 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنسٹ لاورنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[والٹر ہوایسن براطین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ملون کیلون]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈوارڈ بی لیوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لیوس اگارو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینیل مکفیڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لارس پیٹر ہنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[نارمن بورلاگ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر کومپٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان باردین]]<br />{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان باردین]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن ہیزبروک وان ویک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول ڈی. بویر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم لیپسکومب]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اڈوارڈ کیلون کینڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فلپ شوالٹر ہنچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کریسٹوفر اے. سمس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیورج سٹگلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ملٹن فریڈمان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس جے سارجنٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ جے۔ شیلر]]<ref name="Robert Shiller CV" /> #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سال بیلو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لیونڈ ہروکز]] |} ==جامعہ واشنگٹن،سینٹ لیوس == {{main|List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis}} {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- valign="top" |23 (official)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/archives/facts/nobelprizes.html | title = Washington University in St. Louis | accessdate = 2007-03-07 | archive-date = 2012-02-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120226134604/http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/archives/facts/nobelprizes.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈینئیل نیتھن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈون جی کربس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ای مورنر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر کومپٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون چیکونور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈینئیل نیتھن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الفرڈ ہرشے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[آرتھر کورن برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایدوارڈ اڈلبرٹڈویسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہملٹن او سمتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر برٹ سپنسر گیسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوزف ارلینگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ فرشگوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیویرو اوچاو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سٹینلی کوہن(حیاتیاتی کیمیاءدان)|Stanley Cohen]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈوگلس نارتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارل فرڈیننڈ کوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچن ڈی دووی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈون جی کربس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ڈیوڈ سنل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گرٹی کوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گرہارڈہرز برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ریٹا لیوی-مونٹلسینی]] | | |} ==جامعہ مشیگن== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Michigan]] |- valign="top" |22 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہگ ڈیوڈ پیولٹزر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سیمیول چاؤ چنگ تنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جیروم کارلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ سمالی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مارشل وارن نارنبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سٹینلی کوہن(حیاتیاتی کیمیاءدان)|Stanley Cohen]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس ہکلر ویلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ جے۔ شیلر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل ایڈون ویمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس ہارڈ ٹاونس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈونالڈ اے گلیسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مارٹن لیوس پیرل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماٹینس جے جی ولٹمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس برنٹن ہگس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسس پیٹر روس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہملٹن او سمتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لیونڈ ہروکز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لاؤرنس کلائین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوزف برودسکی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[چیکلا ملوسز]] |} ==جامعہ کارنیگی میلن== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Carnegie Mellon University]] |- valign="top" |21 (19 official)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cmu.edu/news/rankings-awards/awards/nobel-prize.shtml | title = CMU | accessdate = 2011-06-11 | archive-date = 2011-05-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110514200541/http://www.cmu.edu/news/rankings-awards/awards/nobel-prize.shtml | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلفورڈ شل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان ایل ہال]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈیل ٹی . موٹنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فن ای. کائڈلینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان فوربس ناش جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[اولیر ای . ولیمسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ادا یوناتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول فلوری]] # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول لیوٹربر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} Edward Rubin #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلنٹن ڈیویسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اوٹو سٹرن]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان پوپل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والٹر کوہن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فن ای. کائڈلینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فرانکو موڈگ لیامی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ہربرٹ اے۔ سائمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[مرٹن ملر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ لیوکس , جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لارس پیٹر ہنسن]] | |} ==جامعہ زیورخ== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Zurich]] |- valign="top" |21 (official 12)<ref name="muellerscience.com">{{cite web | url = http://www.muellerscience.com/SPEZIALITAETEN/Schweiz/SchweizerNobelpreistraeger.htm | title = Schweizer Nobelpreistraeger | accessdate = 2008-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uzh.ch/about/portrait/nobelprize_en.html | title = University of Zurich | accessdate = 2010-12-02 | archive-date = 2015-10-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151021235459/http://www.uzh.ch/about/portrait/nobelprize_en.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رونتجن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول کرر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[والٹر روڈلف ہیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[کارل سپٹلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[تھیوڈور مومسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الفرڈ ورنر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس اڈوارڈ گلیاوم]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل لینڈ سٹینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<br />{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والتھر نرنسٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایمل تھیوڈر کوچر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارک ایف. وسچاوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج والڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہملٹن او سمتھ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارون شروڈنگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل ایلکزینڈر میولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس وون لیو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لیپولڈروزکا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول کرر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رولف ایم زنکرنیج]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[والٹر روڈلف ہیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الفرڈ ورنر]] | |} ==جامعہ کیلیفورنیا،سان ڈیاگو== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"| [[University of California, San Diego]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/nobel/list.html | title = University of California | accessdate = 2008-10-08 | archive-date = 2012-02-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120212194941/http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/nobel/list.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/science/10-09Ramakrishnan.asp | title = Former UC San Diego Graduate Student Shares 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Ribosome Research | publisher = UC San Diego website | date = October 7, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~kohn/ | title = Walter Kohn | publisher = UC Santa Barbara physics website | access-date = 2016-02-29 | archive-date = 2010-06-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100619060159/http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/%7Ekohn/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- valign="top" |21 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[بروس بیوٹلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سسوموٹونیگوا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[وینکٹ رامن رامکرشنن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہینس الفوین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہارلڈ اری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ماریو جے. مولینا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول جے. کوٹزن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[راجر ٹسین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والٹر کوہن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ای مورنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرانسس کرک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایمل پلاڈے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ریناٹو ڈلبیکو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ ڈبلیو ہولی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روگر گولیمنن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سڈنی برینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کلائوگرینجر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ہیری مارکوٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ ایف۔اینگل]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<br />{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لینس پالنگ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> |} ==جامعہ وسکونسن میڈسن== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] |- valign="top" |20 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان باردین]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن ہیزبروک وان ویک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول ڈی. بویر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سٹینفورڈ موری]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ولیم سی . کیمپ بل|William C. Campbell]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈوارڈ لاورک ٹاوٹم]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارون نیہر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گنٹر بلوبل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر برٹ سپنسر گیسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھیوڈور سکلٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلن جانسن سرلیف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان مکڈیامک]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[یوجین پاول وگنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر گوبند کھرانا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہوورڈ مارٹن ٹیمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوزف ارلینگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیشوا لیڈربرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اولیور سمیتھز]] | |} ==جامعہ ایڈن برگ== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Edinburgh]] |- valign="top" |20 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ جی. ایڈوارڈز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز مرلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پیٹر سی ڈوہرٹی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اگور ٹام]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونسنٹ ڈیو وگنیوڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول نرس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رینڈی شیک مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈورڈ موزر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مے برٹ موزر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس گلور بارکالا]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اڈوارڈ وکٹر اپلیٹن|Edward Appleton]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس بورن]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹر ہگس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہرمن جوزف میولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ونسٹن چرچل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جازف راٹبلاٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Alexander Robertus Todd]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرٹ وتھرچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹر ڈی میشل|Peter Mitchell]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الیگزنڈر فلیمنگ]] |} ==جامعہ ٹیکنیکل میونخ== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Technical University of Munich]] |- valign="top" |20 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گر ہارڈ ارٹل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ کٹرلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[روڈولف موسباور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ پاول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنسٹ رسکا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جوہن ڈیزنہوفر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارنست اوٹو فسچر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ ہوبر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارون نیہر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کونارڈ ایمل بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[تھامس مین]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گر ہارڈ ارٹل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[روڈولف موسباور]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارنست اوٹو فسچر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جوہن ڈیزنہوفر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گر ہارڈ ارٹل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلاوس ون کلٹزنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارنست اوٹو فسچر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہائنرش اٹو ویلینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہانز فشر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[روڈولف موسباور]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہانز فشر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ آر ارنسٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارنست اوٹو فسچر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ریوجی نیوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کارل بیری شارپلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فیوڈر فیلکس کونارڈ لینن]] |} ==دیگر جامعات== {| class="wikitable" |- !تعلق<ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !گریجویٹ<ref group=Note name=graduates/> !وصول کنندہ یا محقق <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !معلم انعام سے قبل یا بعد میں <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !معلم انعام کے بعد <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Freiburg]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pr.uni-freiburg.de/publikationen/flyerbroschplak/Nobelpreisgewinner_universitaet_freiburg.pdf | title = top Nobelpreisträger Universität Freiburg | accessdate = 2009-12-13}}</ref> |- valign="top" |19 (official 10) | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جے ہنس ڈی ہنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈولف اٹو رائنہولڈ ونڈاؤس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج دی ہیوسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ماریو جے. مولینا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارجز جے ایف کوہلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس ایڈلف کرب]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برٹ سیکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچئین نیوسلین-ولہارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو فرٹز مئیر ہوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو ہنرچ وار برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول اہرلچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فلپ شوالٹر ہنچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ برانی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایڈولف اٹو رائنہولڈ ونڈاؤس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج وگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج دی ہیوسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہائنرش اٹو ویلینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہرمن سٹاوڈنگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارجز جے ایف کوہلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس ایڈلف کرب]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس سپیمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ زر ہاوسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فریڈریک ہایک]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[London School of Economics and Political Science]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www2.lse.ac.uk/intranet/LSEServices/divisionsAndDepartments/ERD/pressAndInformationOffice/LSEFacts/nobelPrizeWinners/Home.aspx| title = LSE Nobel Prize Winners| access-date = 2016-02-29| archive-date = 2010-12-31| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101231145241/http://www2.lse.ac.uk/intranet/LSEServices/divisionsAndDepartments/ERD/pressAndInformationOffice/LSEFacts/nobelPrizeWinners/Home.aspx| dead-url = yes}}</ref> |- valign="top" |17 | # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کریسٹوفر اے . پسارائیڈ]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لیونڈ ہروکز]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رونالڈ کوس]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈبلیو آرتھر لیوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[اوسکر اریآس]] | # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ منڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رالف جانسن بنچ]] | # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کریسٹوفر اے . پسارائیڈ]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فریڈریک ہایک]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جارج اکرلوف]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز میڈے]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[مرٹن ملر]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[پاول کرگمین]] # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان ہک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[Philip Noel-Baker]] # {{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[برٹرینڈ رسل]] # {{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جارج برنارڈ شا]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Case Western Reserve University]] |- valign="top" |16 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈونالڈ اے گلیسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پولی کارپ کوشچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الفرڈ جی گلمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فیڑڈ میراڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول لیوٹربر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹر اگری]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ اے مچلسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فریڈرک رینز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج انڈریو اولاح]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارنیلی ہیمینس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فریڈرک کیپمین رابنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایچ ہائیچنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان جیمز رکرڈ میکلاؤڈ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Leiden University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://about.leiden.edu/laureates/international/nobel-prize.html | title = Leiden University | accessdate = 2011-08-08}}</ref> |- valign="top" |16 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نکولس بلومبرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیڑ زیمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یاکوبس ہینریکوس وانت ہوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تجالنگ کوپمنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ٹوبیاس مائیکل کارل اسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان ٹنبرجن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہنس ڈیڈریک ونڈر وال|J.D. van der Waals]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[نکولاس ٹنبرجن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انریکو فرمی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اگور ٹام]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہائک کملنگ اونس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنڈرک لورنٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ سزنٹ-گیورگی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ویلم ائینتھون]]<ref name=nobellist/> | |- |colspan="5"|[[Imperial College London]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/aboutimperial/imperial_people/nobel_laureates | title = Imperial College London | accessdate = 2010-07-17}}</ref> |- valign="top" |16 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیریک بارٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جیوفرے ولنکسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الیگزنڈر فلیمنگ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹر ہگس]] <ref>Higgs, Peter. [http://www.ph.ed.ac.uk/higgs/peter-higgs "Peter Higgs: Curriculum Vitae"], Retrieved March 7, 2014</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[نورمن ہاورتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فریڈرک گولینڈ ہوپکنس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[عبد السلام]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈینس گبور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جارج پاگٹ تھامسن|George Thomson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس کے کاؤ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیریک بارٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جیوفرے ولنکسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الیگزنڈر فلیمنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روڈنی رابرٹ پوٹر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹرک بلیکٹ , بارون بلیکٹ|Patrick M. S. Blackett]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سیریل نورمن ہنشلوڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج پورٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو ہکسلے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارنسٹ بوری چین]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Vienna]] |- valign="top" |15 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارون شروڈنگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل لینڈ سٹینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[میکس پیروٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کونارڈ لونٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارل وون فرسچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ برانی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فریڈریک ہایک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[الیاس کینٹی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[الفرڈ جیلنک]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ اڈولف زگمونڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ کوہن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل لینڈ سٹینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وکٹر فرانسس ہیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہانز فشر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جولیس واگنر-جاورگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو لوئی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارون شروڈنگر]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Uppsala University]] |- valign="top" |15 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ناتھن سودربلوم]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[اریک ایکسل کارل فیلڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلوا مرڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارنی ٹیسیلس]] #[[داگ ہمارشولد]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہینس الفوین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سوانت اوگست آرنیوس]] #[[تھیوڈر سویڈبرگ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کائی سیگ بہن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مان سیگبان]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ برانی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[پارلگر کیوسٹ]] #[[الورگلسٹرینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[یلمار برانٹنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہوگو تھیورل]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of California, Los Angeles]] |- valign="top" |15 (official 13)<ref name=UCLA>{{cite web | title = Randy Schekman, molecular biologist and UCLA alumnus, wins 2013 Nobel Prize | url =http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/randy-schekman-molecular-biologist-248784.aspx?link_page_rss=248784 | accessdate = 2013-10-07}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ بروس میریفیلڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گلین ٹی سی بورگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ ایف ہیک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[الینر اوسٹرم]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ولیم ایف۔ شارپ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رالف جانسن بنچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رینڈی شیک مین]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈونالڈ جے کرام]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول ڈی. بویر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولارڈ لیبی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لیوس اگارو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[للویڈ شیپلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[برٹرینڈ رسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایل گور]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جولیان سکونگر]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Goethe University Frankfurt|University of Frankfurt]] |- valign="top" |14 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گرڈ بنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس بیتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہورسٹ لوڈلگ سٹورمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Alexander Robertus Todd]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچئین نیوسلین-ولہارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گنٹر بلوبل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رینہارڈ سیلٹن]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس بورن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس وون لیو]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Nobel Prize Goethe University|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1914/laue.html}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اوٹو سٹرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہرمٹ مشل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کارل زیگلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول کرر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول اہرلچ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Würzburg]] |- valign="top" |14<ref>{{cite web|title=Nobelpreisträger der Universität Würzburg|url=http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/ueber/universitaet_wuerzburg/persoenlichkeiten/nobelpreise/|accessdate=17 October 2011|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112172707/http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/ueber/universitaet_wuerzburg/persoenlichkeiten/nobelpreise/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل لینڈ سٹینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلاوس ون کلٹزنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہرمٹ مشل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والتھر نرنسٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ زر ہاوسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل فرڈینڈ براون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سوانت اوگست آرنیوس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ویلیم وین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہرمن امیل فشر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس سپیمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Wilhelm Röntgen]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہنس سٹارک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس وون لیو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایدوارد بوخنر]] |- |colspan="5"|[[École Normale Supérieure]] |- valign="top" |14 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ فرٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الفرڈ کاسٹلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلاؤڈ کوہن-ٹناڈجی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گبریل لیپمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیوس نیل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیری گلز ڈی جینز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پول سانچیر|Paul Sabatier]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گیرارڈ ڈیبریو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ہنری برگساں]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ژاں پال سارتر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[روماں رولاں]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جین باپٹسٹ پیرین]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سرگ ہروچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سیموئل بکٹ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نکولس بلومبرن]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Duke University]] |- valign="top" |10 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس ہارڈ ٹاونس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابڑت کول مین رچرڈسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس جیورج ڈیہلمٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[برائن کوبلکا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ لیفکووٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پال ایل موڈرچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایچ ہائیچنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گرٹروڈ بی. الیون]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹر اگری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وو ل سوینکا]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Copenhagen]] |- valign="top" |13 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایگ بوہر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نیلز بوہر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اگسٹ گروٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جنس کرسچئین سکو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوہنس فائبگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[نیل کاج جرنی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[نیلس ریبرگ فنسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[بن روئے مٹل سن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوہنس ویلہمن جینسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایگ بوہر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نیلز بوہر]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج دی ہیوسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والٹر کوہن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[برٹل ہلن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اگسٹ گروٹ]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنرک ڈیم]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوہنس فائبگر]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[نیلس ریبرگ فنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[City University of New York]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www1.cuny.edu/about/cuny/nobel-laureates.html| title = City University of New York| accessdate = 2007-05-10| archive-date = 2012-03-09| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120309163517/http://www.cuny.edu/about.html| dead-url = yes}} (including [[City College of New York]])</ref> |- valign="top" |13 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیون ایم لیڈر مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ ہوفسٹڈلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جیروم کارلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[آرتھر کورن برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیولیوس ایکزل روڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سٹینلی کوہن(حیاتیاتی کیمیاءدان)|Stanley Cohen]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ اومن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کینتھ ارو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ہنری کسنگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنو الن پنزاس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہربرٹ اے ہاوپٹمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گرٹروڈ بی. الیون]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روزالن سوسمین یالو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان او کیفے|John O'Keefe]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ہیری مارکوٹز]]<ref name=nobellist/> | |- |colspan="5"|[[King's College London]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/history/people/nobel.html | title = King's College London | accessdate = 2006-07-03 | archive-date = 2006-10-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061021193615/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/about/history/people/nobel.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- valign="top" |12 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فریڈرک گولینڈ ہوپکنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میکس تھیلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ڈسمنڈ ٹوٹو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹر ہگس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مائیکل لیوٹ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس گلور بارکالا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اڈوارڈ وکٹر اپلیٹن|Edward Appleton]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اون ولنس رچرڈسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس سکوٹ شرنگ ٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فریڈرک گولینڈ ہوپکنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز بلیک (ادویاتدان)]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میورس ولیکنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ماریو ورگاس للوسا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ڈسمنڈ ٹوٹو]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Washington]] |- valign="top" |12 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مارٹن روڈبل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لنڈابی بک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیورج سٹگلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایچ ہائیچنگ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ جے ونلینڈ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس جیورج ڈیہلمٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لیلینڈ ایچ. ہرٹ ویل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈمنڈ ایچ فشر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈون جی کربس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لنڈابی بک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈوگلس نارتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ولیم ایف۔ شارپ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ای ڈونالڈ تھامس]] |- |colspan="5"|[[McGill University]] |- valign="top" |12 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روڈلف اے مارکس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیک ڈبلیو. سزوسٹک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رالف ایم. سٹین مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو شیلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈیوڈ ایچ ہیوبل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وال لودسن وچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولارڈ ایس بوائل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان او کیفے|John O'Keefe]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فریڈرک سوڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوٹو ہان]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایرنسٹ ردرفورڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ منڈل]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Geneva]]<ref name="muellerscience.com"/> |- valign="top" |11 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈینئیل بوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[کوفی عنان]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈمنڈ ایچ فشر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[نارمن انگل]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ورنر اربر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان جے ہیگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مارٹن روڈبل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[نیل کاج جرنی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گونر مائرڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ماورس آلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈمنڈ ایچ فشر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Purdue University]]<ref>[http://www.purdue.edu/provost/faculty/awards/nobel_winners.html "Purdue University Nobel Prize Winners"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301014220/http://www.purdue.edu/provost/faculty/awards/nobel_winners.html |date=2013-03-01 }}. Retrieved 2013-03-02.</ref> |- valign="top" |11 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[بن روئے مٹل سن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایڈوارڑملس پرسل]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اکریرا سوزوکی(کیمیاءدان)|Akira Suzuki]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جوہن فنن (کیمیاءدان)]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کلنٹن ڈیویسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جولیان سکونگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ پاولی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ای ایچی نگیشی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہربرٹ سی براون]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اروڈ کارلسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ورمن ایل سمتھ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Utrecht]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uu.nl/uupublish/homeuu/homeenglish/aboututrechtuniv/corporateinforma/history/nobelprizewinner/23055main.html | title = University of Utrecht | accessdate = 2006-06-11 | archive-date = 2006-06-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060618042745/http://www.uu.nl/uupublish/homeuu/homeenglish/aboututrechtuniv/corporateinforma/history/nobelprizewinner/23055main.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- valign="top" |11 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گیرارڈ ٹی ہوفٹ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماٹینس جے جی ولٹمین]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نکولس بلومبرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یاکوبس ہینریکوس وانت ہوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ویلم ائینتھون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تجالنگ کوپمنس]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رونتجن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لیپولڈروزکا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تجالنگ کوپمنس]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گیرارڈ ٹی ہوفٹ]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماٹینس جے جی ولٹمین]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول جے. کوٹزن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچیناجک مین]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Moscow State University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.msu.ru/en/info/nobel.html}}</ref> |- valign="top" |11 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اگور ٹام]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الوا فرانک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وائٹلی گنزبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الیکزی الیکزیوچ ابریکوسو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[بریس پاسترناک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[آندرے سخاروف]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیو لینڈاؤ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الیکزینڈر پروکورو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیوٹر لیونڈیوچ کیپٹسہ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[نکولے سیمینو]]| #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[میخائل گورباچوف]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الیا پرگوگین]] |- |colspan="5"|[[École Polytechnique]] |- valign="top" |10 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنری بیکرویل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ماورس آلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سلی پریدہم]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ اے مچلسن|Albert Michelson]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیرج چارپک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیری گلز ڈی جینز]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of California, Santa Barbara]] |- valign="top" |10 (official 6)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucsb.edu/nobel/ |title=UCSB Nobel Laureates |accessdate=October 7, 2014}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارول ڈبلیو. گریڈر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ جے گروس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فرانک ولزیک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہربرٹ کروئمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[شوجی نکامورا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان جے ہیگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والٹر کوہن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فن ای. کائڈلینڈ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Colorado at Boulder|University of Colorado]] |- valign="top" |10 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سڈنی آلٹ مین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلن جانسن سرلیف]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کریگ میلو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل ایڈون ویمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ جے ونلینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہربرٹ کروئمر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان ایل ہال]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھومس چیک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سٹینلی کوہن(حیاتیاتی کیمیاءدان)|Stanley Cohen]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایرک ایلن کورنیل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نورمن فوسٹر رامسے جے آر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Kyoto University]] |- valign="top" |10 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہاڈیکی یوکوا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سن اٹیرو ٹومو ناگا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اسامو اکاساکی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کنیچی فوکوئی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ریوجی نیوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سسوموٹونیگوا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[آنگ سان سو چی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)|Makoto Kobayashi]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[توشی ہائڈ مسکوا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہاڈیکی یوکوا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کنیچی فوکوئی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[شنیا یاماناکا]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[جامعہ ٹورانٹو]] |- valign="top" |10 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر لیونارڈ شکالو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برٹرام بروک ہاؤس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والٹر کوہن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[Frederick Banting]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لسٹر پیرسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[James Orbinski]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ویلیم فالکنر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جوہن پولانیی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[Frederick Banting]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان جیمز رکرڈ میکلاؤڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اولیور سمیتھز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لسٹر پیرسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[James Orbinski]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[جامعہ ٹوکیو]] |- valign="top" |10 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سن اٹیرو ٹومو ناگا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیو اسکائی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مساٹوشی کوشیبا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[یوچیرو نامبو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[تکاکی کاجیتا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ای ایچی نگیشی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ساتوشی اومورا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایساکو ساٹو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[کنزابرو اوی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[یاسوناری کواباٹا]] | # | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مساٹوشی کوشیبا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[تکاکی کاجیتا]] | # |- |colspan="5"|[[Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology]] |- valign="top" |9 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انڈر گیم]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کونسٹاٹن نوسکلو]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الیکزینڈر پروکورو|Aleksandr Prokhorov]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الیکزی الیکزیوچ ابریکوسو|Alexei Abrikosov]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اگور ٹام]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیو لینڈاؤ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیوٹر لیونڈیوچ کیپٹسہ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وائٹلی گنزبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[نکولے سیمینو]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Northwestern University]] |- valign="top" |9 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سال بیلو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ فرشگوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیورج سٹگلر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رالف جانسن بنچ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان پوپل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لیونڈ ہروکز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈیل ٹی . موٹنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[روگر مائرسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Sapienza University of Rome]] |- |9 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایملیو جی سگری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فرانکو موڈگ لیامی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیلواڈور لوریا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[لیوگی پیرآندیلو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سلوتور قاوسیموڈو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارلو روبیا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انریکو فرمی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گیلیو ناٹا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایملیو جی سگری]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈینئیل بوٹ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Basel]]<ref name="muellerscience.com"/> |- valign="top" |9 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رولف ایم زنکرنیج]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلبرٹ گوباٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[کارل سپٹلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرٹ وتھرچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول ہرمن میولر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سیون برگ سٹورم]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارک ایف. وسچاوس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تادؤش رائشتائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ورنر اربر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Graz]] |- valign="top" |9 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وکٹر فرانسس ہیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[والتھر نرنسٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ایواینڈرک]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارون شروڈنگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وکٹر فرانسس ہیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرٹز پریگل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گرٹی کوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جولیس واگنر-جاورگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارل وون فرسچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو لوئی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Texas at Austin]] |- valign="top" |9 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ای ڈونالڈ تھامس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جے ایم کوئٹزی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہرمن جوزف میولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فن ای. کائڈلینڈ]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2004/10/11/daily9.html | title=Former UT professor wins Nobel Prize for economics | date=2004-10-11}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ڈیوڈ سنل]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الیا پرگوگین]]<ref>[http://order.ph.utexas.edu/people/Prigogine.htm Prof. Ilya Prigogine @ Center for Complex Quantum Systems<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سٹیون وینبرگ]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Steven Weinberg<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.ph.utexas.edu/~weintech/weinberg.html |access-date=2016-02-29 |archive-date=2012-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320071208/http://www.ph.utexas.edu/~weintech/weinberg.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گونر مائرڈل]]<ref name="utexas.edu">{{cite journal|url=http://www.utexas.edu/lbj/archive/pubs/record/archive/issue047.html|title=MYRDALS TO HOLD SLICK PROFESSORSHIP|journal=The record|issue=47|date=December 1977|publisher=University of Texas}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019021414/http://www.utexas.edu/lbj/archive/pubs/record/archive/issue047.html |date=2012-10-19 }}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلوا مرڈل]]<ref name="utexas.edu"/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen]] |- valign="top" |9 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل فرڈینڈ براون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اڈلف بیوٹنندٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایدوارد بوخنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج وگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہرمٹ مشل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سر ولیم ریمسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برٹ سیکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گنٹر بلوبل]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچئین نیوسلین-ولہارڈ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Saint Petersburg State University]] |- valign="top" |8 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایوا پیولو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الئی مٹینیکو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[نکولے سیمینو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیو لینڈاؤ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الیکزینڈر پروکورو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[واسلےلیونٹیف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لیونڈکانٹروچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوزف برودسکی]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Boston University]] |- valign="top" |8 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[مارٹن لوتھر کنگ جونیئر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[شیلڈن لی گلاشو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[اوسکر اریآس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوسامو شمومورا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلائ وائسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ڈیرک ولکوٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈینیل چی تسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سال بیلو]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Leipzig]] |- valign="top" |8 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلکس بلوک]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سن اٹیرو ٹومو ناگا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولہلم اوسٹوالڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ناتھن سودربلوم]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[تھیوڈور مومسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گستاف لوڈوگ ہرٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولہلم اوسٹوالڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[تھیوڈور مومسن]] |- |colspan="5"|[[جامعہ برمنگھم]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://bhamalumni.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=610 | title = University of Birmingham | accessdate = 2008-11-10 | archive-date = 2016-04-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160427224335/http://bhamalumni.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=610 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- valign="top" |8 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرانسسولیم ایسٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان وین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میورس ولیکنس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول نرس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرانسسولیم ایسٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[نورمن ہاورتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رابرٹ سیسل|Lord Robert Cecil]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پیٹر میڈاوار|Sir Peter Medawar]] | # |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Rochester]] |- valign="top" |8 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مساٹوشی کوشیبا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[صتیون چھو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ونسنٹ ڈیو وگنیوڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[آرتھر کورن برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈینئیل کارلیٹون گیجڈسک]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ویپل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ فوگل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنرک ڈیم]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Oslo]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.uio.no/english/nobel_prize| title = University of Oslo| accessdate = 2006-06-11| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20010405224202/http://www.uio.no/english/nobel_prize| archivedate = 2001-04-05| dead-url = no}}</ref> |- valign="top" |8 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوڈ ہسل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[راگنرفرشچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ٹراگیو ہیولمو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[کرسچن لؤس لانگے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مے برٹ موزر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈورڈ موزر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[فرڈتجوف نانسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایور گیور]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill]] |- valign="top" |8 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ فرشگوٹ]] | # | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹر اگری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روڈلف اے مارکس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مارٹن روڈبل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایچ ہائیچنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گرٹروڈ بی. الیون]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اولیور سمیتھز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[عزیز سنجر]] | # |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Bristol]] |- valign="top" |8 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پال ڈیراک]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ژاں ماری لی کلیزیو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سی ایف پاول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نیول فرانسس موٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سر ولیم ریمسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ونسٹن چرچل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[انگس ڈیٹن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈوروتھی ہودگکنگ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Lebedev Physical Institute]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.lebedev.ru/en/ | title = Lebedev Physical Institute | accessdate = 2015-09-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150919071502/http://www.lebedev.ru/en/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- valign="top" |7 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اگور ٹام]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الوا فرانک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پاول چینکوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نکولے باسو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الیکزینڈر پروکورو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وائٹلی گنزبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[آندرے سخاروف]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Glasgow]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gla.ac.uk/about/history/fame/ | title = University of Glasgow | accessdate = 2007-09-09}}</ref> |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سر ولیم ریمسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Alexander Robertus Todd]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جان بویڈ اور]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز بلیک (ادویاتدان)]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فریڈرک سوڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیریک بارٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ جی. ایڈوارڈز|Robert Edwards]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Complutense University of Madrid]]<ref>Complutense University of Madrid website http://www.ucm.es/pags.php?a=presenta&d=0020427</ref> |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیویرو اوچاو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ماریو ورگاس للوسا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[کمیلو جوز کیلا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جیکنٹو بناونٹی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوزے ایشوگرائے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سانتیاگو رامون ای کاخال]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ویسنٹیالیکزینڈری]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیویرو اوچاو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوزے ایشوگرائے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سانتیاگو رامون ای کاخال]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیویرو اوچاو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوزے ایشوگرائے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سانتیاگو رامون ای کاخال]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوزے ایشوگرائے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سانتیاگو رامون ای کاخال]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of British Columbia]] |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برٹرام بروک ہاؤس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ منڈل]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس جیورج ڈیہلمٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[مائیکل سمتھ (کیمیاءدان)|Michael Smith]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر گوبند کھرانا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینئیل کہنیمن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل ایڈون ویمین]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Brown University]] |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کریگ میلو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[Jerry White (activist)|Jerry White]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لارز اونسگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیورج سٹگلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ورمن ایل سمتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ڈیوڈ سنل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیون کوپر]]<ref name=nobellist/> | |- |colspan="5"|[[Bonn University]] |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ زر ہاوسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[لیوگی پیرآندیلو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[پال ہیسی]] | # | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلپ لینارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ پاول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوتو والاخ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رینہارڈ سیلٹن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ پاول]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رینہارڈ سیلٹن]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Vanderbilt University]] |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سٹینفورڈ موری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[محمد یونس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایل گور]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میکس ڈیلبرگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول گرین گارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سٹینلی کوہن(حیاتیاتی کیمیاءدان)|Stanley Cohen]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Indiana University]] |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز ڈی واٹسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رککارڈو گیاککونی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ریناٹو ڈلبیکو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جے ہنس ڈی ہنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہرمن جوزف میولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیلواڈور لوریا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[الینر اوسٹرم]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Maryland, College Park]] |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رئیمنڈ ڈیوس جے آر|Raymond Davis]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہربرٹ اے ہاوپٹمین]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہینس الفوین]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان سی مادر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھامس شلنگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جون ریمن جیمنیز]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم ڈینیل فلپس]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون چیکونور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ادا یوناتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینئیل کہنیمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اورامہ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ جے گروس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[راجر ڈی کورنبرگ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینئیل کہنیمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ اومن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Melbourne]] |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الزیبتھ بلیک برن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوہن ایکلس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فرینک میکفر لین برنٹ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برٹ سیکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کلائوگرینجر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز مرلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پیٹر سی ڈوہرٹی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Virginia]] |- valign="top" |7 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ووڈرو ولسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الفرڈ جی گلمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فیڑڈ میراڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[بارے مارشل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رونالڈ کوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز ایم۔ بچانن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ویلیم فالکنر]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Amsterdam]] |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فرٹز زرنیک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچیناجک مین]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہنس ڈیڈریک ونڈر وال]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیڑ زیمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یاکوبس ہینریکوس وانت ہوف]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ٹوبیاس مائیکل کارل اسر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان ٹنبرجن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/cda/dept37389/files/68757.html | title = University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas | accessdate = 2007-06-11 | archive-date = 2012-03-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120303042936/http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/newsroom/news-releases/year-2004/ut-southwestern-researchers-nobel-prize-winners-share-2003-albany-medical-center-prize.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www8.utsouthwestern.edu/utsw/home/about/nobel/index.html | title = University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas | accessdate = 2007-06-11 | archive-date = 2012-02-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120207151303/http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/education/medical-school/about-the-school/nobel-winners.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- valign="top" |7 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[بروس بیوٹلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوزف گولڈ سٹین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لنڈابی بک]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جوہن ڈیزنہوفر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الفرڈ جی گلمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[بروس بیوٹلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مائیکل سٹاورٹ براون]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس سی. سڈہوف]]<ref name="UT Southwestern Newsroom">{{cite web|title=Oct. 7, 2013 – Südhof wins Nobel Prize for two decades of work at UTSW|url=http://www.utsouthwestern.edu/newsroom/news-releases/year-2013/oct/sudhof-nobel.html|work=UT Southwestern Newsroom|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[بروس بیوٹلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوزف گولڈ سٹین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس سی. سڈہوف]]<ref name="UT Southwestern Newsroom"/> | |- |colspan="5"|[[Nagoya University]] |- valign="top" |6 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)|Makoto Kobayashi]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[توشی ہائڈ مسکوا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اسامو اکاساکی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہیروشی امانو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوسامو شمومورا]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اسامو اکاساکی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہیروشی امانو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ریوجی نیوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوسامو شمومورا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)|Makoto Kobayashi]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[توشی ہائڈ مسکوا]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Queen Mary, University of London]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.qmul.ac.uk/alumni/notablealumni/24992.html | title = Queen Mary, University of London Notable Alumni and Staff | accessdate = 2007-09-23 | archive-date = 2012-03-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120312053633/http://www.qmul.ac.uk/alumni/notablealumni/24992.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- valign="top" |6 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سر پیٹر مینسفیلڈ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈگار ایڈرئین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنری ہالٹ ڈییلی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رونالڈ روس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جازف راٹبلاٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان وین]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of St Andrews]] |- valign="top" |6 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز بلیک (ادویاتدان)]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[فرڈتجوف نانسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[رڈیارڈ کپلنگ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میورس ولیکنس]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Maurice Wilkins|url=http://www.biography.com/people/maurice-wilkins-21335889#manhattan-project|publisher=Bio.|accessdate=23 March 2015}}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان مکڈیامک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[نورمن ہاورتھ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Stockholm University]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.su.se/english/about/nobel-laureates| title = Stockholm University| accessdate = 2011-09-16| archive-date = 2011-10-02| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111002030704/http://www.su.se/english/about/nobel-laureates| dead-url = yes}}</ref> |- valign="top" |6 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج دی ہیوسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول جے. کوٹزن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[گونر مائرڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہانز فان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سوانت اوگست آرنیوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹومس ٹرانس ٹرو مر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Liverpool]] |- valign="top" |6 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس گلور بارکالا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر گوبند کھرانا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روڈنی رابرٹ پوٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جازف راٹبلاٹ]] | # | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ رابنسن|Robert Robinson]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز چیڈوک]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Florida State University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fsu.edu/~fstime/FS-Times/Volume2/apr97web/11apr97.html | title = Florida State University | accessdate = 2006-09-16}}</ref> |- valign="top" |6 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز ایم۔ بچانن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پال ڈیراک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Robert S. Mulliken]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کونارڈ ایمل بلوک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہیری کروٹو]] |- |colspan="5"|[[The Australian National University]] |- valign="top" |6 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رولف ایم زنکرنیج]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہورڈ فلوری|Howard Walter Florey]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوہن ایکلس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جون ہارسانئے]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برائن پی سیہمڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پیٹر سی ڈوہرٹی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Wroclaw]] |- valign="top" |6 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنس جیورج ڈیہلمٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میکس بورن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اوٹو سٹرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فریڈرخ برجیاس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول اہرلچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[تھیوڈور مومسن]] # | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Kiel]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uni-kiel.de/ps/cgi-bin/fo-list.php | title =University of Kiel | accessdate = 2010-11-03}}</ref> |- valign="top" |6 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Max Planck]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلپ لینارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایدوارد بوخنر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرٹ الڈر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوٹوڈیلس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اوٹو فرٹز مئیر ہوف]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[RWTH Aachen]] |- valign="top" |6 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تھامس سی. سڈہوف]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلپ لینارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ویلیم وین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہنس سٹارک]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پیٹرڈیبائی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کارل زیگلر]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Pittsburgh]] |- valign="top" |6 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول لیوٹربر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فلپ شوالٹر ہنچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ونگری ماتھی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینیل مکفیڈل]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[نیل کاج جرنی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[الون اے روتھ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of California, San Francisco]] |- valign="top" |6 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کیرے میولس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الزیبتھ بلیک برن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ ای. ورمس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جے مائیکل بشوپ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[شنیا یاماناکا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سٹینلی بی پروسینر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Southern California]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://about.usc.edu/faculty/nobel-laureates/ | title = About USC - Nobel Laureates | accessdate = 2015-07-24 | archive-date = 2017-07-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170710071430/http://about.usc.edu/faculty/nobel-laureates/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- valign="top" |6 | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ورنر اربر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج انڈریو اولاح]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اریا وارشل]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماری گیل مین]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uscnews.usc.edu/university/nobel_prize_winner_appointed_presidential_professor_at_usc.html|title=Nobel Prize Winner Appointed Presidential Professor at USC}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈینیل مکفیڈل]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uscnews.usc.edu/university/nobel_winner_appointed_presidential_professor.html|title=Nobel Prize Winner Appointed Presidential Professor at USC|access-date=2016-02-29|archive-date=2012-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402011925/http://uscnews.usc.edu/university/nobel_winner_appointed_presidential_professor.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمزہکمین]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.usc.edu/82972/nobel-laureate-james-heckman-joins-usc-schaeffer-center/|title=Archive copy|access-date=2016-02-29|archive-date=2016-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124064035/http://news.usc.edu/82972/nobel-laureate-james-heckman-joins-usc-schaeffer-center/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Adelaide]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.adelaide.edu.au/research/nobel/| title = University of Adelaide| accessdate = 2006-08-28| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060910035537/http://www.adelaide.edu.au/research/nobel/| archivedate = 2006-09-10| dead-url = yes}}</ref> |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہورڈ فلوری|Sir Howard Walter Florey]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابن وارن|J. Robin Warren]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم لاورنس براگ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم ہنری براگ|William Bragg]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جے ایم کوئٹزی|J. M. Coetzee]] |- |colspan="5"|[[ایبرڈین یونیورسٹی]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان جیمز رکرڈ میکلاؤڈ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فریڈرک سوڈی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ لاورنس ملنگٹن سنجی|Richard Synge]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جارج پاگٹ تھامسن|George Thomson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جان بویڈ اور]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جان جیمز رکرڈ میکلاؤڈ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Hamburg]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جے ہنس ڈی ہنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس ایڈلف کرب|Hans Krebs]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ زر ہاوسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اوٹو سٹرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ پاولی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولف گینگ پاولی]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Haverford College]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھیوڈور ولیم رچرڈز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[Philip Noel-Baker]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوزف ہوٹن ٹیلر جے آر]] | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولیم ہورڈ سٹین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گیرالڈ ایڈر مین]]<ref name="Gerald M. Edelman CV"/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Freie Universität Berlin]] <ref>{{cite web|title=Accomplishments by Members of the University|url=http://www.fu-berlin.de/en/universitaet/auszeichnungen/erfolge-mitglieder/index.html|publisher=Freie Universität|accessdate=September 14, 2013}}</ref> |- valign=top" |5 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنسٹ رسکا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رینہارڈ سیلٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گر ہارڈ ارٹل]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ہرٹا مولر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[کنزابرو اوی]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Universität Rostock]] |- valign=top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرچٹ کوسل]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Max Planck]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارل وون فرسچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اوٹو سٹرن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] |- valign="top" |5 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیولس بورڈٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ کلاوڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ہینری لا فونٹین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الیا پرگوگین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فرانکیوس انگلرٹ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Amherst College]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنری وے کینڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ ای. ورمس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈمنڈ فیلپس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جوزف اسٹگلیز]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہرمن جوزف میولر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Arizona]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برائن پی سیہمڈ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ورمن ایل سمتھ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[نکولس بلومبرن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[روئے جے گلوبر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولس لیمب]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Bern]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج دی ہیوسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایمل تھیوڈر کوچر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایلبرٹ گوباٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول نرس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایمل تھیوڈر کوچر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Buenos Aires]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گرہارڈہرز برگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[برناڈو ہاوسے]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیسر میلسٹین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[Carlos Saavedra Lamas]] | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایڈولفو اسقویول]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Eötvös Loránd University]] |- valign="top" |5 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فلپ لینارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج دی ہیوسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ سزنٹ-گیورگی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج وون بیکسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جون ہارسانئے]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Leeds]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج پورٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وو ل سوینکا]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم ہنری براگ|William Bragg]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[آرچر جوہن پورٹر مارٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ لاورنس ملنگٹن سنجی|Richard Synge]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Rutgers University]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[عیل مین والکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ملٹن فریڈمان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[David A. Morse]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہنرچ رورر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[عیل مین والکمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹونی موریسن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Sheffield]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.shef.ac.uk/about/nobel.html | title = University of Sheffield | accessdate = 2007-04-02 | archive-date = 2012-03-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142524/http://www.shef.ac.uk/about/nobel }}</ref> |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہیری کروٹو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رچرڈ جے رابرٹ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج پورٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہنس ایڈلف کرب|Hans Krebs]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہورڈ فلوری|Sir Howard Walter Florey]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Swarthmore College]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جان سی مادر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرسچن بی اینفنسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈیوڈ بلٹی مور]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہوورڈ مارٹن ٹیمن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فریڈرک جولیو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیرج چارپک]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[میری کیوری]].<ref group=Note name=repeat/><br />{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میری کیوری]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیری کیوری]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیرج چارپک]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/><ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[میری کیوری]].<ref group=Note name=repeat/><br />{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[میری کیوری]]<ref group=Note name=repeat2/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیری کیوری]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیری گلز ڈی جینز]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Karlsruhe Institute of Technology]] |- |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لیپولڈروزکا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Jean-Marie Lehn]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لیپولڈروزکا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل فرڈینڈ براون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرٹز ہیبر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہرمن سٹاوڈنگر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Cape Town]] |- valign="top" |5 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون کلگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الان مکلیوڈ کورمک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میکس تھیلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جے ایم کوئٹزی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رالف جانسن بنچ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الان مکلیوڈ کورمک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جے ایم کوئٹزی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.spbstu.ru/english/facts.html| title = Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University| accessdate = 2007-04-05| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070403030800/http://www.spbstu.ru/english/facts.html| archivedate = 2007-04-03| dead-url = no}}</ref> |- valign="top" |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیوٹر لیونڈیوچ کیپٹسہ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[الیکزینڈر پروکورو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[زورس ایونوچ الفرو]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[نکولے سیمینو]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Technion - Israel Institute of Technology]] |- valign="top" |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اریا وارشل]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون چیکونور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اورامہ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈان سیکٹ مین]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Semmelweis University]] |- |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[البرٹ سزنٹ-گیورگی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج وون بیکسی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جارج دی ہیوسی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جون ہارسانئے]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York]] |- valign="top" |4 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رونالڈ کوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جے ایم کوئٹزی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہربرٹ اے ہاوپٹمین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوہن ایکلس|John Carew Eccles]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Calcutta]] |- valign="top" |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رونالڈ روس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[رابندر ناتھ ٹیگور]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سی وی رامن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سی وی رامن]] # |- |colspan="5"|[[University of California, Irvine]] |- valign="top" |4 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فریڈرک رینز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون روس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ماریو جے. مولینا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرانک شروڈ رولینڈ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Charles University of Prague]] |- valign="top" |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارل فرڈیننڈ کوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گرٹی کوری]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جاروسلیو ہیروسکی]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ آئنسٹائن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www2.cuhk.edu.hk/oafa/about.php?section=Distinguished%20Faculty%20Members | title = Chinese University of Hong Kong | accessdate = 2007-11-10 | archive-date = 2007-11-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071110010101/http://www2.cuhk.edu.hk/oafa/about.php?section=Distinguished+Faculty+Members | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- |4 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چارلس کے کاؤ]]<ref name=nobellist/> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چن نینگ یانگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز مرلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ منڈل]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Louis Pasteur University]], [[ستراسبورگ]], France |- valign="top" |4 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارل فرڈینڈ براون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Jean-Marie Lehn]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرچٹ کوسل]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[البرٹ شویتزر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Aix-Marseille University]], [[Aix-en-Provence]]/[[مارسیلز]], France |- valign="top" |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رینے کاسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[فریڈرک مسترال]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ژاں ماری لی کلیزیو]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[شیلڈن لی گلاشو]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Lund University]], [[لونڈ]], Sweden |- valign="top" |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اروڈ کارلسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[برٹل ہلن]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[مان سیگبان]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سیون برگ سٹورم]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Mayo Clinic]] |- valign="top" |4 | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ سزنٹ-گیورگی]]<ref name="mayoclinicproceedings.com">http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/pdf%2F8102%2F8102hv.pdf{{dead link|date=March 2009|url=http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/pdf%2F8102%2F8102hv.pdf}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیوس والٹلر الوریزز]]<ref name="mayoclinicproceedings.com"/> | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[اڈوارڈ کیلون کینڈل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فلپ شوالٹر ہنچ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Ohio State University]] |- valign="top" |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم الفرڈ فاولر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول فلوری]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیون کوپر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کنتھ گیڈس ولسن]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Texas A&M University]]<ref name='tamest'>{{cite web |url=http://www.tamest.org/nobelprize.php |title=Texas |accessdate=2006-06-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070802075529/http://www.tamest.org/nobelprize.php |archivedate=2007-08-02 }}</ref> |- valign="top" |4 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیک سینٹ کلئر کلبی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیریک بارٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیوڈلی آر ہرچبچ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[نارمن بورلاگ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Texas at Dallas]]<ref name='tamest' /> |- valign="top" |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[عزیز سنجر]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان مکڈیامک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رسل الن ہلز]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پولی کارپ کوشچ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[وٹواٹرسرانڈ یونیورسٹی]] |- valign="top" |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون کلگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سڈنی برینر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[نیلسن منڈیلا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ناڈینگورڈیمر]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Birkbeck, University of London]] |- |4 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹرک بلیکٹ , بارون بلیکٹ|Patrick M. S. Blackett]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون کلگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈیریک بارٹون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹی۔ ایس ایلیٹ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Iowa State University]] |- |4 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیورج سٹگلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لیونڈ ہروکز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھیوڈور سکلٹز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈان سیکٹ مین]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Université Catholique de Louvain]] (including its predecessor the [[Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)|Catholic University of Leuven]]) |- valign="top" |4 | # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچن ڈی دووی]] # {{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[آگسٹے بیرنارٹ]] # {{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جارج پائر]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ کلاوڈی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچن ڈی دووی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Warsaw]] |- valign="top" |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[لیونڈ ہروکز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جازف راٹبلاٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[مناخم بیگن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ہینرک شنگوچ]] | | | |- !Affiliations <ref group=Note name=affiliations/> !Graduate <ref group=Note name=graduates/> !Attendee or Researcher <ref group=Note name=attendeesresearch/> !Academic staff before or at the time of award <ref group=Note name=staff1/> !Academic staff after award <ref group=Note name=staff2/> |- |colspan="5"|[[Norwegian University of Science and Technology]] |- |4 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ایور گیور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لارز اونسگر]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مے برٹ موزر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایڈورڈ موزر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Wesleyan University]] |- valign="top" |4 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹی۔ ایس ایلیٹ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ساتوشی اومورا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ووڈرو ولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وی ایس . نیپاول]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Kharkiv University]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[سائمن کزٹس]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الئی مٹینیکو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیو لینڈاؤ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Bologna]] |- valign="top" |3 | | # {{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[Guglielmo Marconi]] | # {{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[Camillo Golgi]] # {{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوز ویکر دودھسی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Arizona State University]] |- valign="top" |3 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[الینر اوسٹرم]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لیلینڈ ایچ. ہرٹ ویل]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Delft University of Technology]] |- valign="top" | 3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سم ونڈر میر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یاکوبس ہینریکوس وانت ہوف]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہائک کملنگ اونس]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Emory University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.usna.edu/Admissions/Notables/Presidents/index.htm | title = Emory University | accessdate = 2006-06-11}}</ref> |- |3 | | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جمی کارٹر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وو ل سوینکا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[14ویں دلائی لاما| Tenzin Gyatso, The 14th Dalai Lama]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Rijksuniversiteit Groningen]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہائک کملنگ اونس]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ سزنٹ-گیورگی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فرٹز زرنیک]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[کولون یونیورسٹی]] |- |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ہنرک بول]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کرٹ الڈر]]<ref name=nobellist/> #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹر گرون برگ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of New Mexico]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فریڈرک کیپمین رابنس]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ژاں ماری لی کلیزیو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ماری گیل مین]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Dartmouth College]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[اون چیمبر لین]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کارل بیری شارپلیس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ڈیوڈ سنل]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Tufts University]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روڈرک مککینون]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[یوجین فاما]] | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الان مکلیوڈ کورمک]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Virginia Tech]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابڑت کول مین رچرڈسن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[الینر اوسٹرم]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز ایم۔ بچانن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[George Washington University]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیولیوس ایکزل روڈ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} Vincent du Vigneaud | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فیڑڈ میراڈ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Georgia Institute of Technology]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کیرے میولس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جمی کارٹر]] | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول جے. کوٹزن]] |- |colspan="5"|[[جامعہ پنجاب]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[عبد السلام]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہر گوبند کھرانا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر کومپٹون]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Cairo University]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[محمد البرادعی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[یاسر عرفات]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[نجیب محفوظ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Florida]] |- |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ ایچ. گربس]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مارشل وارن نارنبرگ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہن رابرٹ سکریفر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven]] (including its predecessor the [[Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)|Catholic University of Leuven]]) |- |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[آگسٹے بیرنارٹ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جارج پائر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچن ڈی دووی]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کرسچن ڈی دووی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Helsinki]] |- |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[فرانس ایمل سلانپا]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارٹوری المری ورٹنن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[راگنر گرانٹ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Illinois Institute of Technology]] |- valign="top" |3 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیک سٹین برگر]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ہربرٹ اے۔ سائمن]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیون ایم لیڈر مین]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ماریو جے. مولینا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[اوکٹاویو پاز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[الفانسو گارشیا روبلز]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Oberlin College]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.oberlin.edu/coladm/after/nobel.html | title = Oberlin College | accessdate = 2006-06-11}}</ref> |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ انڈریو ملکین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[راجر والکاٹ سپیری]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سٹینلی کوہن(حیاتیاتی کیمیاءدان)|Stanley Cohen]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Rice University]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رابرٹ وڈرو ولسن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ کرل]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ سمالی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Tsukuba University]] |- valign="top" |3 | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ساتوشی اومورا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہیڈکیشراکوا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سن اٹیرو ٹومو ناگا]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیو اسکائی]] |- |colspan="5"|[[State University of New York at Stony Brook]] |- valign="top" |3 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چن نینگ یانگ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول لیوٹربر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ اومن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]] |- |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈونالڈ جے کرام|Donald Cram]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان جے ہیگر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ویل بیڈل|George Beadle]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Pisa]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارلو روبیا]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انریکو فرمی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جوز ویکر دودھسی]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Sydney]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.usyd.edu.au/about/profile/pub/alumni.shtml | title = University of Sydney | accessdate = 2007-06-22}}</ref> |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان کونفورتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جون ہارسانئے]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ رابنسن|Robert Robinson]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Utah]] |- valign="top" |3 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[وینکٹ رامن رامکرشنن]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel to Former U Biochemist - University of Utah News Release: October 7th, 2009<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.unews.utah.edu/p/?r=100709-1 |access-date=2016-02-29 |archive-date=2011-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202180131/http://www.unews.utah.edu/p/?r=100709-1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ماریو کیپیکی]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز واٹسن کرونن]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Brandeis University]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[روڈرک مککینون]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان فوربس ناش جے آر]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سال بیلو]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Pavia]] |- valign="top" |3 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گیلیو ناٹا]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[Camillo Golgi]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کارلو روبیا]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Turin]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ریناٹو ڈلبیکو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ریٹا لیوی-مونٹلسینی]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سیلواڈور لوریا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Erlangen-Nuremberg]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uni-erlangen.de | title = Erlangen-Nuremberg | accessdate = 2009-12-06}}</ref><br> |- valign="top" |3 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایدوارد بوخنر]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1907/buchner-bio.html | title = Eduard Buchner´s biography at nobelprize.org | accessdate = 2009-12-06}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہرمن امیل فشر]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1902/fischer.html | title = Hermann Emil Fischer´s biography at nobelprize.org | accessdate = 2012-10-20}}</ref> #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ہیرالڈ زر ہاوسن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Canterbury]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایرنسٹ ردرفورڈ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ ایچ. گربس]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/rutherford/centennial.shtml |title=Rutherford centennial celebrations |work=canterbury.ac.nz |year=2008 |accessdate=28 January 2012 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191720/http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/rutherford/centennial.shtml |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کلائوگرینجر]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Nottingham]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کلائوگرینجر]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انڈر گیم]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[سر پیٹر مینسفیلڈ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Essex]] |- |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کریسٹوفر اے . پسارائیڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[اوسکر اریآس]] | | | # {{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ڈیرک ولکوٹ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[McMaster University]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[میرون سکولز]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[James Orbinski]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[برٹرام بروک ہاؤس]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Dublin, Trinity College]] |- valign="top" |3 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ولیم سی . کیمپ بل|William C. Campbell]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سیموئل بکٹ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ارنسٹ والٹن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[مائریڈ کوریگن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Norwegian School of Economics]] |- |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فن ای. کائڈلینڈ]]<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2004/kydland-autobio.html Finn E. Kydland - Autobiography<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فن ای. کائڈلینڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ایڈوارڈ سی . پرسکوٹ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Delaware]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.udel.edu/udaily/2011/oct/heck-nobel-prize100610.html | title = UD professor emeritus wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry | accessdate = 2010-10-06}}</ref><br> |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ڈینئیل نیتھن]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ ایف ہیک]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.lshtm.ac.uk | title = London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine| accessdate = 2012-10-12}}</ref> |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[میکس تھیلر]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رونالڈ روس]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of East Anglia]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول نرس]] | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ لاورنس ملنگٹن سنجی|Richard Synge]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Cardiff University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cardiff.ac.uk | title = Cardiff | accessdate = 2007-12-11}}</ref> |- valign="top" |2 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[مارٹن ایوانس]]<ref name=nobellist/> | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ ہوبر]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Technische Universität Darmstadt|Darmstadt University of Technology]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لویس ٖفیڈریکو لیلوئر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[پیٹر گرون برگ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Mines ParisTech|Ecole des Mines de Paris - Mines PariTech]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mines-paristech.fr/Ecole/Prix-Nobel| title = MINES PARISTECH - Deux prix Nobel à MINES ParisTech| accessdate = 2013-03-15| archive-date = 2013-03-05| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130305183106/http://www.mines-paristech.fr/Ecole/Prix-Nobel/| dead-url = yes}}</ref> |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیرج چارپک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ماورس آلیس]]<ref name=nobellist/> | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Hamilton College (New York)|Hamilton College]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hamilton.edu | title = Hamilton College| accessdate = 2008-03-11}}</ref> |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پاول گرین گارڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[الیہو روٹ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Howard University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.howard.edu/newsroom/mediaresources/NotableAlumni-HowardUniversity.htm | title = Howard University Newsroom: Notable Alumni| accessdate = 2012-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.howard.edu/rjb/opportunities/ | title = Howard University - Ralph J. Bunche| accessdate = 2012-06-17}}</ref> |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹونی موریسن]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[رالف جانسن بنچ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Michigan State University]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[الفرڈ ہرشے]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رابرٹ ایچ. گربس]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Radboud University Nijmegen]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[کونسٹاٹن نوسکلو]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[انڈر گیم]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[National Southwest Associated University]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چن نینگ یانگ]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سونگ داو لی]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[چن نینگ یانگ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University Of Athens]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[اودیسس الیٹس]] | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[یور گوسسیفرس]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Universidad de Chile (university)|Universidad de Chile]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[گبریلا مسٹرال]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[پیبلو نیرودا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[دلی یونیورسٹی]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[آنگ سان سو چی]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Greifswald]] |- valign="top" |2 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوہنس سٹارک]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[گرہارڈ ڈومگٹ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Madras]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سی وی رامن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سبرامنین چندرشیکھر]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Middle Tennessee State University]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز ایم۔ بچانن]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[محمد یونس]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of the West Indies]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ڈبلیو آرتھر لیوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ڈیرک ولکوٹ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Nanjing University]] |- valign="top" |2 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون چیکونور]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[پرل ایس بک]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Beijing Normal University]] |- |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لیو شیاوبو]] #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[مو یان]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لیو شیاوبو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[مو یان]] |- |colspan="5"|[[George Mason University]] |- valign="top" |2 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز ایم۔ بچانن]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ورمن ایل سمتھ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Georgetown University]] |- |2 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ماریو ورگاس للوسا]] | # {{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جارج اکرلوف]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Saskatchewan]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.usask.ca/research/about/nobel.php | title = University of Saskatchewan | accessdate = 2006-10-04 | archive-date = 2013-11-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131102234123/http://www.usask.ca/research/about/nobel.php | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہنری ٹاوبی]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[لویس ٖفیڈریکو لیلوئر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Sussex]] |- valign="top" |2 | | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} Sir [[جان کونفورتھ]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہیری کروٹو]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Stevens Institute of Technology]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[فریڈرک رینز]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارونگ لینگمر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Baylor College of Medicine]] |- valign="top" |2 | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روگر گولیمنن]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو شیلی]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[United States Naval Academy]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ اے مچلسن|Albert Michelson]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جمی کارٹر]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Alberta]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رچرڈ ای ٹیلر]] | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}}[[ڈیرک ولکوٹ]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Kansas]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[ورمن ایل سمتھ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرانک شروڈ رولینڈ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Massachusetts Amherst]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رسل الن ہلز]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوزف ہوٹن ٹیلر جے آر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رسل الن ہلز]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوزف ہوٹن ٹیلر جے آر]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Western Australia]] |- valign="top" |2 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[بارے مارشل]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابن وارن|J. Robin Warren]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Virginia Commonwealth University]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[باروخ بن الصراف]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جوہن فنن (کیمیاءدان)]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Notre Dame]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ارک ایف. وسچاوس]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[James E. Muller]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Oregon]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[والٹر ہوایسن براطین]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ولیم پی مارفی]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Tartu]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولہلم اوسٹوالڈ]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولہلم اوسٹوالڈ]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ کوچ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Washington State University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2004/rose-autobio.html| title = Washington State University | accessdate = 2012-04-02}}</ref> |- |2 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ارون روس]] | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ماریو ورگاس للوسا]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Queen's University of Belfast]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.qub.ac.uk/ | title = Queen's University of Belfast | accessdate = 2007-09-09}}</ref> |- valign="top" | 2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سیمس ہنی]] #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ڈیوڈ ٹرمبل]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ڈیوڈ ٹرمبل]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Ghent]] |- |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[مورس ماتھرلنک]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کارنیلی ہیمینس]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Toulouse]], France |- |2 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Paul Sabatier]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جین ترولی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University College Dublin]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[سین میک برائیڈ]] | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمزہکمین]] |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Innsbruck]] |- valign="top" |2 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہانز فشر]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وکٹر فرانسس ہیس]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Istanbul University]] |- valign="top" |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[اورخان پاموک]] #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[عزیز سنجر]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Western Ontario]] |- valign="top" |2 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ایلس منرو]] | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[Frederick Banting]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Tulane University]] |- |2 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[لیوس اگارو]] #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انڈریو شیلی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Queensland]] |- |2 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[پیٹر سی ڈوہرٹی]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جون ہارسانئے]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Southampton]]<ref>[http://christopherpissarides.com/images/Christopher_Pissarides_CV.pdf CV of Christopher A. Pissarides ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112172708/http://christopherpissarides.com/images/Christopher_Pissarides_CV.pdf |date=2016-01-12 }}</ref> |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[کریسٹوفر اے . پسارائیڈ]] | |- | colspan="5" |[[Samrat Ashok Technological Institute]] |- |1 | # {{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[کیلاش ستیارتھی]]<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141011/jsp/nation/story_18915372.jsp#.VnMmkSCrQ8o|title = A street rings with ‘Nobel’ cry|last = Kidwai|first = Rasheed|date = October 10, 2014|work = [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|access-date = 2014-10-13|location = [[کولکاتہ]]|quote = Kailash Satyarthi was born Kailash Sharma in this Madhya Pradesh town but dropped the upper-caste surname […] Pravesh told The Telegraph. […] By 4pm, the Sharmas had had virtually the entire town of Vidisha visiting them. Almost every resident older than 50 has a story to tell about Kailash. Kailash had graduated in electrical engineering from the Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha, and taught at a local polytechnic.|archive-url = http://www.webcitation.org/6TKAJGvms|archive-date = 2014-10-13}}</ref> | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[People's Liberation Army Academy of Art]]<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/11/us-nobel-moyan-idUSBRE89A0NC20121011 China's Mo Yan feeds off suffering to win Nobel literature prize ]</ref> |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[مو یان]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Peking University]]<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/oct/05/youyou-tu-how-maos-challenge-to-malaria-pioneer-led-to-nobel-prize Tu Youyou: how Mao’s challenge to malaria pioneer led to Nobel prize]</ref> |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[تو یویو]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Kobe University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[شنیا یاماناکا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Lehigh University]]<ref>[[Dork Sahagian]]</ref> |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[Dork Sahagian]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Victoria University of Wellington]]<ref>[http://www.vuw.ac.nz/macdiarmid/news/interface/interfaceissue10.pdf Alan MacDiarmid Nobel Laureate]</ref> |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[الان مکڈیامک]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Weizmann Institute of Science]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ادا یوناتھ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Aarhus University]]<ref>[http://www.au.dk/en/nobelprize1997/ The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997]</ref> |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جنس کرسچئین سکو]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Acadia University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[چارلس برنٹن ہگس]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Baku State University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[لیو لینڈاؤ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Bangor University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ جی. ایڈوارڈز|Robert Edwards]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Beijing Foreign Studies University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[گاؤ زنجانگ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Berea College]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جوہن فنن (کیمیاءدان)]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of California, Riverside]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[رچرڈ آر. شروک]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Chalmers University of Technology]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[گوستاف ڈلین]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایمل پلاڈے]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج ایمل پلاڈے]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[College of the Holy Cross]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جوزف میورے]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Cooper Union]] |- valign="top" | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رسل الن ہلز|Russell Hulse]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[DePauw University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فیڑڈ میراڈ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Dundee]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جیمز بلیک (ادویاتدان)]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Fordham University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[وکٹر فرانسس ہیس]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Gettysburg College]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جے مائیکل بشوپ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[South Dakota State University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[تھیوڈور سکلٹز]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Grinnell College]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھومس چیک]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Houston]] |- |1 | | | | # {{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جوڈی ولیمز]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Kyoto Institute of Technology]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کنیچی فوکوئی]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Jagiellonian University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وسلاوا سزائم بورکا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Jadavpur University]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[امرتیہ سین]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Jilin University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[لیو شیاوبو]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Juniata College]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1997/phillips-autobio.html | title = Juniata College | accessdate = 2006-06-11}}</ref> |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم ڈینیل فلپس]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Lawrence University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[تھامس اے. سٹیٹز]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Michigan Technological University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ملون کیلون]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Montana]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہارلڈ اری]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[National University of Ireland, Maynooth]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جان ہیوم]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Osaka University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہاڈیکی یوکوا]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[National Taiwan University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یوآن ٹی لی]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یوآن ٹی لی]]<ref group=Note name=repeat/> |- |colspan="5"|[[National Tsing Hua University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[یوآن ٹی لی]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Pennsylvania State University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1980/berg-autobio.html | title = Pennsylvania State University | accessdate = 2006-06-11}}</ref> |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول برگ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Queen's University]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر بی مکڈونلڈ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ایور گیور]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Rollins College]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ڈونالڈ جے کرام|Donald Cram]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Royal Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kth.se/om/fame/1.3968 | title = Royal Institute of Technology | accessdate = 2007-04-09 | archive-date = 2012-02-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120206212034/http://www.kth.se/om/fame/hannes-alfven-kth-s-nobelpristagare-1.3968 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ہینس الفوین]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[School for International Training]] |- |1 | # {{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جوڈی ولیمز]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[آنگ سان سو چی]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[State University of New York Downstate Medical Center]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[رابرٹ فرشگوٹ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Politecnico di Milano]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گیلیو ناٹا]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[گیلیو ناٹا]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Lisbon]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انتونیو اگاس مونیس]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Tennessee]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جیمز ایم۔ بچانن]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston]]<ref name='tamest' /> |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[فیڑڈ میراڈ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Virginia Military Institute]] |- |1 | #[[جارج مارشل]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Southern Methodist University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیمز واٹسن کرونن]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Massachusetts Medical School]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[کریگ میلو]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Szeged]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ سزنٹ-گیورگی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Tehran]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[شیریں عبادی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Ibadan]] |- |1 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وو ل سوینکا]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Lagos]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وو ل سوینکا]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Obafemi Awolowo University]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[وو ل سوینکا]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Coimbra]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[انتونیو اگاس مونیس]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Connecticut]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ڈیوڈ لی|David Lee]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Mississippi]] |- |1 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ویلیم فالکنر]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Vermont]] |- |1 | # {{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[جوڈی ولیمز]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[جون ریمن جیمنیز]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Wellesley College]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[ایملی گرین بالچ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Whitman College]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[والٹر ہوایسن براطین]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[College of Wooster]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر کومپٹون]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Brigham Young University]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[پاول ڈی. بویر]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Dhaka]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[محمد یونس]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Chittagong]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[محمد یونس]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[وینکٹ رامن رامکرشنن]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Mount Sinai School of Medicine]] |- |1 | | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روزالن سوسمین یالو]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Macalester College]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[کوفی عنان]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Morehouse College]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[مارٹن لوتھر کنگ جونیئر]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Williams College]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[رابرٹ ایف۔اینگل]] | | | |- | |- |colspan="5"|[[Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=?h? Faculty of Physics of Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University |url=http://www.crimea.edu/tnu_eng/structure/physic_fac/index.htm |access-date=2016-02-29 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719181823/http://www.crimea.edu/tnu_eng/structure/physic_fac/index.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اگور ٹام]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Saint Louis University]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ایدوارڈ اڈلبرٹڈویسی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Ohio University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[وینکٹ رامن رامکرشنن]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Tokyo Institute of Technology]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ہیڈکیشراکوا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Tohoku University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[کوئیچی ٹناکا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Nagasaki University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اوسامو شمومورا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Hokkaido University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اکریرا سوزوکی(کیمیاءدان)|Akira Suzuki]] | # | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[اکریرا سوزوکی(کیمیاءدان)|Akira Suzuki]] | # |- |colspan="5"|[[National University of Colombia]] |- valign="top" |1 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[Gabriel García Márquez]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University at Albany|State University of New York at Albany]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ٹونی موریسن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Université de Montréal]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[روگر گولیمنن]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Alexandria]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[احمد زیول]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Milan]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[رککارڈو گیاککونی]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Hawaii at Manoa]] |- |1 | | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جارج وون بیکسی]] |- |colspan="5"|[[Universidad de Costa Rica]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[اوسکر اریآس]] | | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[اوسکر اریآس]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Syracuse University]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ای ایچی نگیشی]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Clark University]] |- |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[البرٹ اے مچلسن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[ماریو ورگاس للوسا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Vilnius]] |- |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[چیکلا ملوسز]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[جیک سینٹ کلئر کلبی]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Warwick]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[جان کونفورتھ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Zagreb]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولادمیر پریلوگ]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[National Che Kiang University]] (now [[Zhejiang University]]) |- valign="top" |1 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[سونگ داو لی]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Southern Federal University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[الیکزینڈر سلزینسٹائن]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Ohio Wesleyan University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.owu.edu | title = Ohio Wesleyan University| accessdate = 2008-01-31}}</ref> |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[فرانک شروڈ رولینڈ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Washington and Lee University]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wlu.edu | title = Washington and Lee University| accessdate = 2012-10-12}}</ref> |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[جوزف گولڈ سٹین]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Czech Technical University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[ولادمیر پریلوگ]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Université de Liège]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[البرٹ کلاوڈی]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Cumberland University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Pe}} [[کورڈل ہل]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[جان ٹنبرجن]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Tokushima]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[شوجی نکامورا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Turku]] |- valign="top" |1 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سٹیفین ہیل]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Arkansas - Fayetteville]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ec}} [[فریڈریک ہایک]] | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Turku]] |- valign="top" |1 | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ch}} [[سٹیفین ہیل]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Tokyo University of Science]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ساتوشی اومورا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[University of Yamanashi]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ساتوشی اومورا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Saitama University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[تکاکی کاجیتا]] | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Kitasato University]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|PM}} [[ساتوشی اومورا]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Dalhousie University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[آرتھر بی مکڈونلڈ]] | | | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Drew University]] |- valign="top" |1 | | | #{{Nobel abbr|Ph}} [[ولیم سی . کیمپ بل|William C. Campbell]] | | |- |colspan="5"|[[Belarusian State University]] |- valign="top" |1 | #{{Nobel abbr|Li}} [[سویتلانا ایلیکسیاوچ]] | | | | |} ==ہور ویکھو== *[[نوبل انعام جیتو جاپانی]] *[[نوبل انعام جیتو عورتاں]] *[[نوبل انعام جتن والیاں دی لسٹ]] *[[نوبل انعام جیتو یہودی]] *[[نوبل انعام جیتو بلحاظ دیس]] *[[نوبل انعام جیتو مسلمان]] ==حوالے== {{حوالے}} {{نوبل انعام}} [[گٹھ:لسٹاں]] [[گٹھ:نوبل انعام]] [[گٹھ:نوبل انعام جیتوآں دی لسٹ]] c06n5n5nxhh8ki4vyxsn2rp6at7l1qo 0 59722 708879 699468 2026-07-24T19:16:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = '''لیما دھر''' | native_name = '''लीमा धर''' | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = لیما دھر | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1993|12|22|df=yes}} | birth_place = | birth_place = [[الہٰ آباد]] | occupation = ناولکارکار، ستمبھکار، پریرک وکتا | language = انگریزی (ناول اتے کالم)، ہندی (کویتاواں اتے کالم) | nationality = بھارتی | ethnicity = [[بنگالی]] | citizenship = بھارتی | education = [[سینٹ میری کانوینٹ انٹر کالج]]، [[الہٰ آباد یونیورسٹی]] | genre = [[گلپ]]، [[رمانس ناول| رمانس]]، تھرلر | notableworks = [[Till We Meet Again (Leema Dhar novel)|Till We Meet Again]], [[Mom And I Love A Terrorist]], [[You Touched My Heart]] | relatives =سمیر دھر (پیؤ)، مسمی دھر (ماں) | website = {{URL|http://www.leemadhar.com}} | awards = | signature = Leema's Signature new 1.jpg | signature_alt = Leema Dhar }} '''لیما دھر''' ([[بنگالی بولی|بنگالی]] '''লীমা ধর''', [[ہندی |ہندی]] '''लीमा धर''') اک بھارتی لکھاری ہے۔<ref name="who">{{Cite book|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/SASearchSystem/sauser/writerinfo.jsp?wrids=367|title=WHO’S WHO OF INDIAN WRITERS, 2015: A-M|last=Dr. Sufian Ahmad & Sri Biswajit Sinha (ed.)|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|year=2015|isbn=978-81-260-4812-0}}</ref> فروری 2016 تکّ اس نے ستّ کتاباں لکھیاں سن۔  == نجی زندگی == لیما دھر 22 دسمبر 1993 نوں[[الہٰ آباد]]، بھارت وچّ پیدا ہوئی سی۔  اس نے اپنی سکول دی پڑھائی مکمل کر لئی، اتے میری کانوینٹ انٹر کالج توں ISC انڈین سکول سرٹیفکیٹ  حاصل کیتا۔  اس نے 2011 وچّ آل انڈیا انجینئرنگ/آرکٹیکچر پرویش پریکھیا رینک، اک انجینیئر بنن لئی چھڈّ دتا۔ اس نے نفسیات اتے [[انگریزی ساہت]] وچّ اپنی گریجوئیشن پدھر دی پڑائی کیتی۔ ہن اوہ الہٰ آباد یونیورسٹی توں انگریزی وچّ ماسٹر دی ڈگری حاصل کرن لئی کم کر رہی ہے۔۔<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://epaper.telegraphindia.com/details/186444-4445886.html|title=lime light (Novel Belle)|date=8 May 2016|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|''The Telegraph'']], India}}</ref> == کیریئر == دھر دا پہلا ہندی شاعری دا مجموعہ''कुछ लफ्ज़ नक़ाब में''  (2007) شائع کیتا گیا سی، جدوں اوہ 9ویں کلاس وچّ پڑھدی سی۔ اس دی دوجی کتاب اتے انگریزی شاعری دا مجموعہ ''د ہنڈر ٹوموروس'' (2010) تدّ شائع ہوئی سی جدوں اوہ 16 سال دی سی۔ <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/Allahabad-30609-8|title=युवा लेखिका लीमा धर के खाते में एक और उपलब्धि|date=22 June 2013|publisher=[[Amar Ujala]]|location=Allahabad, India}}</ref> 2015 وچّ دھر نوں الہٰ آباد یونیورسٹی ولوں منعقد کیتے گئے گلوبلائجیشن، پریاورن ، سکھیا اتے سنسکرتی: بھارت اتے کناڈا دے 28ویں قومانتری سمیلن وچّ اپنیاں رچناواں وچوں پڑھن لئی سدیا گیا سی، ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=154|title=International Conference on Globalization, Environment, Education and Culture: India and Canada|date=6 January 2015|location=Allahabad, India}}</ref> == رچناواں == * {{Cite book|title=The Committed Sin|date=22 February 2016|isbn=9789384027537}} * {{Cite book|title=You Touched My Heart|date=December 2013|isbn=9789380914732}} * {{Cite book|title=The Girl Who Kissed The Snake|date=June 2013|isbn=9789380914596}} * {{Cite book|title=Mom And I Love A terrorist|date=October 2012|isbn=9789380914282}} * {{Cite book|title=Till We Meet Again|date=August 2012|isbn=9789350830895}} * {{Cite book|title=For The Hundred Tomorrows|date=December 2010|isbn=9789380019154}} * {{Cite book|title=Kuch Nafz Naqab Mein|date=July 2007|isbn=9789380019147}} == حوالے == {{reflist}} == باہری لنک == * http://www.anandabazar.com/national/lima-s-creations-drawing-attention-through-out-the-country-dgtl-1.402376 * {{facebook|leemacreation}} * http://www.sweetsharing.com/sweet-talks-with-leema-dhar/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424160825/http://www.sweetsharing.com/sweet-talks-with-leema-dhar/ |date=2017-04-24 }} * http://www.ucanindia.in/news/solidarity-movement-launches-new-national-youth-magazine/28161/daily {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510080147/http://www.ucanindia.in/news/solidarity-movement-launches-new-national-youth-magazine/28161/daily |date=2017-05-10 }} * http://www.voicesnet.com/allpoemsoneauthor.aspx?memberid=1136910010 * http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-910665 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510161816/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-910665 |date=2017-05-10 }} * http://mattersindia.com/2015/03/new-publication-for-youth-launched/ [[گٹھ:جم 1993]] [[گٹھ:بنگالی لکھاری]] [[گٹھ:ناول کار]] [[گٹھ:زندہ لوک]] [[گٹھ:بھارتی لوک]][[گٹھ:بنگالی شخصیتاں]] 6dsb7uuxceznq89mt8cc3kcepdpf08y 0 61680 708880 687191 2026-07-24T21:53:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious building | building_name = مسجد حسن ثانی | image = مسجد الحسن الثاني.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = مسجد حسن ثانی، [[کاسابلانکا]] | map_type = مراکش | map_size = 200 | location = {{flag|مراکش}} | latitude = 33.608508 | longitude = -7.63258 | religious_affiliation = [[اسلام]] | rite = | region = عظیم کاسابلانکا | state = [[کاسابلانکا]] | province = | territory = | prefecture = [[کاسابلانکا]]-[[انفا]] | sector = | district = [[کاسابلانکا]] | cercle = | municipality = کاسابلانکا | consecration_year = 1993 | status = زیر استعمال | functional_status = فعال | heritage_designation = | leadership = [[شاہ حسن ثانی]] | website = | architecture = yes | architect = [[مائیکل پنسو]] (فرانس) | architecture_type = مسجد | architecture_style = [[عرب]]-[[اندلس|اندلسی]]، مراکشی معماری | general_contractor = [[بوئگس]] | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 12 جولائی 1986 | year_completed = 30 اگست 1993 | construction_cost = 400–700 ملین امریدی ڈالر | capacity = 105,000 (25,000 اندورنی، مزید 80,000 مسجد دے میداناں وچ) | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = | dome_quantity = One | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | minaret_quantity = اک | minaret_height = {{Convert|210|m}} | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = [[سیڈار]] [[وسطی اطلس]] توں<br />[[پتھر]] [[اغادیر]] توں<br />[[گرینائٹ]] [[تفراؤٹے]] توں<ref name="کلیمر2009">{{cite book|author=پال کلیمر|title=مراکش|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Kkl5d8NRCOEC&pg=PA105|accessdate=3 اکتوبر 2012|date=1 فروری 2009|publisher=LP|isbn=978-1-74104-971-8|pages=105–}}</ref> }} منفرد طرز تعمیر دی حامل مسجد حسن الثانی [[مراکش]] دے شہر [[دار البیضاء|کاسابلانکا]] وچ واقع اے۔ اس [[مسجد]] دا ڈیزائن [[فرانسیسی]] ماہر تعمیرات [[مائیکل پنیسو]] نے تیار کیتا۔ اس نے مسجد دے ڈیزائن دی تیاری وچ اسلامی فن تعمیر توں مدد لی۔ مسجد وچ اک لکھ توں ودھ نمازیاں دی گنجائش اے۔ ایہ دنیا دی ساتواں وڈی مسجد اے۔ اس دی تعمیر اُتے 80 کروڑ ڈالر دی لاگت آئی۔ اس مسجد دا مینار دنیا دا سب توں بلند مینار اے جس دی بلندی 210 میٹر(689 فٹ) اے۔ اس مسجد دی تعمیر اس طرح کیتی گئی اے کہ اس دا نصف حصہ سمندر توں حاصل کیتی گئی زمین اُتے ہور نصف حصہ [[بحر اوقیانوس]] دی سطح اُتے اے۔ اس دے فرش دا اک حصہ شیشے دا اے جتھوں سمندر دا پانی دکھائی دیندا اے۔ اسلامی فن تعمیر دے نال نال ایہ مسجد کئی جدید سہولتاں توں وی مزین اے جنہاں وچ [[زلزلہ|زلزلے]] توں محفوظ ہونا، [[سردی|سردیاں]] وچ فرش دا گرم ہونا، برقی دروازے ہور ضرورت دے مطابق کھولنے یا بند کرنے دے قابل چھت شامل ناں۔ اس دا طرز تعمیر اسپین وچ قائم [[الحمرا]] ہور [[جامع مسجد قرطبہ|مسجد قرطبہ]] نال ملدا جلدا لگدا اے۔ مسجد دے مینار توں سبز رنگ دی شعاع دا اخراج ہُندا اے ہور ایہ شعاع بوہت دور توں دیکھی جا سکتی اے ہور اس توں شہر دے رہنے والےآں نوں [[قبلہ|قبلے]] دی سمت دا اندازا ہُندا اے۔ مسجد دے تعمیراتی کم دا آغاز [[12 جولائی]] [[1986ء]] نوں کیتا گیا تے افتتاح سابق شاہ{{زیر}} مراکش [[حسن ثانی]] دی 60 واں سالگرہ دے موقع اُتے 1989ء وچ کیتا جانا سی لیکن مسجد دے تعمیراتی کم وچ تاخیر دے باعث اس دا افتتاح [[30 اگست]] [[1993ء]] نوں ہویا۔ مسجد دی تعمیر وچ مراکش بھر دے 6 ہزار ماہرین نے 5 سال تک محنت کیتی۔ == حوالے == {{حوالے}} == باہرلے جوڑ == * [http://www.moroccotravelandtours.com/casablancamap.htm/ کاسا بلاندا دا نقشہ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222003404/http://www.moroccotravelandtours.com/casablancamap.htm/ |date=2007-02-22 }} * [http://www.ivan-herman.net/Photos/Morocco/htmls/DSC00816.html/ حسن ثانی مسجد دیاں تصویراں] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311053252/http://www.ivan-herman.net/Photos/Morocco/htmls/DSC00816.html/ |date=2007-03-11 }} * [http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/landow/post/morocco/arts/hassan/2.html/ حسن ثانی مسجد دیاں تصویراں] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208170811/http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/landow/post/morocco/arts/hassan/2.html/ |date=2007-02-08 }} * [http://magicmorocco.com/they_said/celebrities/the_hassan_ii_mosque_by_frederic_mitterrand.html/ فریڈرک متراں دیاں کھینچیاں گئیاں تصویراں] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021091943/http://magicmorocco.com/they_said/celebrities/the_hassan_ii_mosque_by_frederic_mitterrand.html/ |date=2006-10-21 }} * [http://www.sacred-destinations.com/morocco/casablanca-hassan-ii-mosque.htm/ حسن ثانی مسجد] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805005707/http://www.sacred-destinations.com/morocco/casablanca-hassan-ii-mosque.htm |date=2009-08-05 }} Sacred Destinations دی ویب سائٹ اُتے مضمون، تصویراں تے نقشےآں دے نال {{مراکش وچ مسجداں}} [[گٹھ:1993ء وچ مکمل ہون والیاں مذہبی عمارتاں]] [[گٹھ:عربی طرز تعمیر]] [[گٹھ:اسلامی معماری]] [[گٹھ:مراکش دیاں مسجداں]] [[گٹھ:مذہبی عمارتاں]] [[گٹھ:عمارتاں]][[گٹھ:مسجداں]][[گٹھ:مسیتاں]][[گٹھ:افریقہ دیاں مسجداں]] eb5yw08prf1ytwsxijciaroyorj1uwd 0 67081 708878 706919 2026-07-24T18:17:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708878 wikitext text/x-wiki '''لاڑی ساڑنا جان دلہن ساڑنا'''[[برصغیر]] دے آلے-دوآلے جاں اس دے آلے-دوآلے دے دیساں وچ کیتے جاندے [[گھریلو تشدد]] دا اک روپ اے۔ [[داج کارن موت]] دی گٹھ، لاڑی ساڑنا ادوں واپردی اے جدوں اک عورت نوں اس دے شوہر جاں اس دے پروار ولوں وادھو داج دین توں انکار کرن لئی قتل کیتا جاندا اے۔ بیوی نوں خاص طور اُتے مٹی دے تیل، [[پٹرول|گیسولین]]، جاں ہور جلن والے مائع دی ورتوں کیتی جاندی اے، اتے اگّ لگن نال موت ہو جاندی اے۔<ref name="autogenerated2003">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/3071963.stm|title=India's dowry deaths|last=Ash|first=Lucy|date=16 جولائی 2003|accessdate=30 جولائی 2007|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Bride Burning">{{cite journal|last=Lakhani|first=Avnita|date=2005|title=Bride-burning: the "elephant in the room" is out of control|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/pepds5&div=14&id=&page=|journal=[[Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal]]|publisher=[[Pepperdine University School of Law]]|volume=5|issue=2|pages=249–298|postscript=۔|ref=harv}}</ref> مٹی دا تیل اکثر ہی بالن وجوں ورتیا جاندا اے۔<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aishaiqbal.blogspot.com/2007/02/bride-burning.html|title=Aisha Iqbal: Bride Burning- in the name of dowry|date=8 فروری 2007|publisher=Aishaiqbal.blogspot.com|accessdate=28 جنوری 2012|archive-date=2012-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310175640/http://aishaiqbal.blogspot.com/2007/02/bride-burning.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ایہہ بھارت وچ سبھ توں عامَ اے اتے گھٹو گھٹ 1993 توں اتھے اک وڈی مسئلہ بن گئی اے۔<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.cnn.com/1996-08-18/world/9608_18_bride.burn_1_dowry-hindu-attitudes?_s=PM:WORLD|title=Brideburning claims hundreds in India – CNN|date=18 اگست 1996|publisher=Articles.cnn.com|accessdate=28 جنوری 2012}}</ref> ایہہ جرم دوشی نوں [[انسانی قتل]] دے روپ وچ منیا جاندا اے اتے، جے ثابت ہو جاندا اے، تاں عامَ طور تے اس نوں عمر بھر دی قید جاں موت تک سزا دتی جاندی اے۔ لاڑی ساڑنا [[بھارت]] وچ اک اہم عوامی صحتَ مسئلہ وجوںجانیا جاندا اے<ref name="Kumar">{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Virendra|last2=Kanth|first2=Sarita|date=دسمبر 2004|title=Bride burning|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17625-3|journal=[[The Lancet]]|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|volume=364|issue=special issue|pages=18–19|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17625-3|postscript=۔|ref=harv}}</ref> جو دیش وچ 2500 موتاں متعلق سال اے۔ 1995 وچ [[ٹائم (پترکا)|ٹائم میگزین]] نے رپورٹ دتی کہ بھارت وچ داج کارنموت 1990 دے دہاکے دے ادھ توں لے کے اک سال وچ لگبھگ اک سال وچ ودھ کے 5800  تک پہنچ گئی۔<ref name="Pratap">{{Cite magazine|last=Pratap|first=Anita|author-link=Anita Pratap|date=11 ستمبر 1995|title=Killed by greed and oppression|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time Magazine]]|publisher=[[Time Inc.]]|volume=146|issue=11|postscript=۔|ref=harv}}</ref> اک سال بعد، سی اینّ اینّ نے کہانی سنائی کہی کہہر سال پولیس نوں بلیاں لاڑی دیاں2500 توں ودھ رپورٹاں ملدیاں ہن۔<ref name="CNN1996">{{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,100748,00.html|title=Indian Society Needs To Change|last=Yasui|first=Brian|date=18 اگست 1996|access-date=24 اگست 2007|publisher=CNN|accessdate=2018-11-06|archivedate=2007-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930073930/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,100748,00.html}}</ref> انڈین نیشنل کرائیم ریکارڈ بیورو دے مطابق، اتھے 1948 نوں سزا دتی گئی سی اتی2008 وچ 3876 داج کارن موت دے معاملے ساہمنے آئے۔<ref name="ncrb">{{Cite book|url=http://ncrb.nic.in/CII2008/cii-2008/Table%204.9.pdf|title=Disposal of Cases by Courts|last=Newage|first=Indian|date=16 جنوری 2010|publisher=[[National Crime Records Bureau|National Crime Records Bureau, India]]|format=PDF|access-date=17 جنوری 2011|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YfXwjB9S?url=http://ncrb.nic.in/CII2008/cii-2008/Table%204.9.pdf|archive-date=2015-05-20}}</ref> == اتہاس == === داج موت === داج کارن موت دکھنی ایشیائی ملکاں وچ اک جوان عورت دی موت اے، مکھ طور تے بھارت، جس دا قتل جاں آتم قتل کرن لئی اپنے شوہر ولوں چلایا جاندا اے۔ اس دا نتیجہ شوہر ولوں لگاتار بیوی جاں اس دے پروار توں ہور داج لین دی کوشش کردا اے۔ لاڑی نوں جلاؤنا صرف داج لئی موت دی اک قسم اے۔ ہورناں وچ [[تیزاب سٹنا]] اتے [[عورتاں نال چھیڑ چھاڑ]] وی شامل ہن۔ کیونکہ داج عامَ طور تے کلاس جاں سماجک-معاشی رتبے اُتے انحصار کردا اے، عورتاں اکثر اوہناں دے مستقبل دے شوہر جاں اسدے رشتے داراں دے دباء دے ماتحت ہندیاں ہن۔ === پاکستان وچ === پاکستان وچ، پروگریسو ومینس ایسوسی ایشن کہندا اے کہ ہر سال 300 عورتاں نوں اوہناں دے شوہر دے پروار ولوں ساڑ دتا جاندا ہےاتے لاڑی دیاں ساڑن والیاں واقعے کئی واری درواقعے، جویں کہ 'وسپھوٹنگ سٹوو' دے روپ وچ ہو جاندیاں ہن۔ ایسوسی ایشن مطابق، ڈاکٹراں دا کہنا اے کہ ایہناں درواقعے توں پیڑت لوکاں نوں سٹاو برن نال اسرکھئت زخم آؤندے ہن۔<ref name="BBC_1999">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/431607.stm|title=World:South Asia Bride burning 'kills hundreds'|date=27 اگست 1999|access-date=11 جون 2009|publisher=BBC.co.uk}}</ref> 1999 وچ ایمنیسٹی انٹرنیشنل دی اک رپورٹ مطابق، حالانکہ 1600 لاڑیاں نوںساڑن دیاں واقعے دی رپورٹ کیتی گئی سی، صرف 60 اتے مقدمے چلا ئے گئے سن اتے ایہناں وچوں صرف دو سزاواں دے نتیجے وجوں سن۔<ref name="amnesty_honour_killings">{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA33/013/1998/en/87b82760-d9ba-11dd-af2b-b1f6023af0c5/asa330131998en.html|title=Honour killings of girls and women (ASA 33/018/1999)|date=1 ستمبر 1999|publisher=Amnesty International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226011418/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA33/013/1998/en/87b82760-d9ba-11dd-af2b-b1f6023af0c5/asa330131998en.html|archive-date=26 فروری 2011|dead-url=yes|access-date=29 دسمبر 2006}}</ref> == ایہہ وی دیکھو == {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[داج کارن موت]] * [[عورتاں خلاف تشدد]] * [[ستی (رسم)|ستی]] * [[بھارت وچ داج پرتھا]] * [[تیزاب سٹنا]] * [[وٹے دا ویاہ|وٹا سٹہ]] * [[داج]] * [[بھارت وچ عورتاں]]] * [[جات پات]] {{div col end}} == ہور پڑھو == * {{Cite book|title=Bride burning: crime against women|last=Garg|first=A.S.|publisher=Sandeep Publication, Rohtak: Marketed by the Bright Law House|year=1990|location=New Delhi, India|oclc=24784662}} * {{Cite book|title=Bride burning in India: a socio legal study|last=Umar|first=Mohd|publisher=APH Publishing|year=1998|isbn=9788170249221|location=New Delhi, India}} * {{Cite book|title=South Asians and the dowry problem|last=Menski|first=Werner|publisher=Trentham Books and School of Oriental & African Studies|year=1998|isbn=978-1-85856-141-7|series=Group on Ethnic Minority Studies Series (GEMS)|location=Stoke-on-Trent}} * {{Cite journal|last=Ravikant|first=Namratha S.|date=2000|title=Dowry deaths: proposing a standard for implementation of domestic legislation in accordance with human rights obligations|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/mjgl6&div=18&id=&page=|journal=Michigan Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law|publisher=[[HeinOnline]] on behalf of [[University of Michigan Law School]]|volume=6|issue=2|pages=449–498|postscript=۔|ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal|last=Lakhani|first=Avnita|date=2005|title=Bride-burning: the "elephant in the room" is out of control|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/pepds5&div=14&id=&page=|journal=[[Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal]]|publisher=[[Pepperdine University School of Law]]|volume=5|issue=2|pages=249–298|postscript=۔|ref=harv}} [http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1103&context=drlj Pdf.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224173650/http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1103&context=drlj |date=2019-02-24 }} * {{Cite journal|last=Bhave|first=Sunil|date=مارچ 2007|title=Deterring dowry deaths in India: applying tort law to reverse the economic incentives that fuel the dowry market|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/sufflr40&div=20&id=&page=|journal=[[Suffolk University Law Review]]|publisher=[[Suffolk University Law School]]|volume=40|issue=2|pages=291–314|postscript=۔|ref=harv}} [https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=40+Suffolk+U.+L.+Rev.+291&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=23daa9b66556679d3c3b6783965d3580 Lexis Nexis.] [http://suffolklawreview.org/bhave-dowry-deaths/ Suffolk University Law Review.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208153119/http://suffolklawreview.org/bhave-dowry-deaths/ |date=2015-12-08 }} * {{Cite journal|last=Anderson|first=Siwan|date=Fall 2007|title=The economics of dowry and brideprice|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.4.151|journal=[[Journal of Economic Perspectives]]|publisher=[[American Economic Association]]|volume=21|issue=4|pages=151–174|doi=10.1257/jep.21.4.151|postscript=۔|ref=harv}} [http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/asiwan/documents/siwan-jep.pdf Pdf.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113141520/http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/asiwan/documents/siwan-jep.pdf |date=2014-11-13 }} == حوالے == {{حوالے|30em}} == باہری لنک == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230085700/http://ncrb.nic.in/crime2003/cii.html India's National Crime Records Bureau] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/3071963.stm India's dowry deaths, BBC] * [http://rivr.sulekha.com/the-chill-of-kerosene_99535_blog The Chill of Kerosene] by Himendra Thakur, Sulekha Creative [[گٹھ:ایشیا وچ عورت دے حق]] [[گٹھ:خواتین صحت لیکھ اڈیٹنگ مہم 2018]] [[گٹھ:عورت]] [[گٹھ:انسان]] j8uii3g22xsis6f2o6xjrmlh3sc4p7c 0 76931 708874 701735 2026-07-24T12:06:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote|ٹوپک متعلق انک ہور زیادہ سرو-عام جان-پچھان لئی, دیکھو [[کوانٹم مکینکس نال جان-پچھان#شروڈنجر ویو اکئیشن|کوانٹم مکینکس نال جان-پچھان]]۔}} {{کوانٹم مکینکس|cTopic=سمیکرناں}} [[File:Warszawa Centrum Nowych Technologii UW-6.jpg|thumb|left|[[وارسا یونیورسٹی]] دے سینٹر آف نیو ٹیکنولیجیز دے ساہمنے اک یادگار دے حصے دے روپ وچ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ]] [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] وچ, [[شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ]] اک اجیہی [[اکیوئیشن |ریاضیاتی مساوات]] ہندی اے جو کسے اجیاے بھوتکی سسٹم دیاں وقت بیتن مگروں تبدیلیاں نوں درساؤندی اے, جہناں وچ کوانٹم اثر, جویں [[ویو-پارٹیکل ڈیولٹی]], اہم ہو جاندے ہن۔ ایہہ اکیوئیشن کوانٹم مکینیکل سسٹماں دا مطالعہ کرن لئی اک گنتک فارمولا ویونتبندی اے۔ ایہہ کوانٹم سسٹماں دے مطالعہ لئی اک مرکزی نتیجہ منی جاندی اے اتے اسدی ویونتبندی [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] دی تھیوری ترقی یافتہ کرن وچ اک اہم میلپتھر رہی سی۔ اسدا نام [[ایرون شروڈنگر]] دے نام توں رکھیا گیا سی, جسنے 1925 وچ مساوات ویونتبند کیتی سی اتے 1933 وچ [[فزکس وچ نوبل انعام]] جتن دا نتیجہ دین والے اسدے کم دا ادھار رچدے ہوئے 1926 وچ چھاپی سی۔<ref>{{cite news|title=Physicist Erwin Schrdinger's Google doodle marks quantum mechanics work|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/aug/12/erwin-schrodinger-google-doodle|accessdate=25 اگست 2013|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=13 اگست 2013}}</ref><ref name = sch>{{cite journal | last = Schrdinger | first = E. | title = An Undulatory Theory of the Mechanics of Atoms and Molecules | url = http://home.tiscali.nl/physis/HistoricPaper/Schroedinger/Schroedinger1926c.pdf | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217040121/http://home.tiscali.nl/physis/HistoricPaper/Schroedinger/Schroedinger1926c.pdf | archivedate = 17 دسمبر 2008 | journal = [[Physical Review]] | volume = 28 | issue = 6 | pages = 1049–1070 | year = 1926 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.28.1049 | bibcode = 1926PhRv.۔.28.1049S }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217040121/http://home.tiscali.nl/physis/HistoricPaper/Schroedinger/Schroedinger1926c.pdf |date=2008-12-17 }}</ref> ایہہ اکیوئیشن کسے [[ویو مساوات]] دے طور تے جانی جاندی اک قسم دی ڈفرینشیئل اکیوئیشن اے, جو ترنگاں دی ہلجلّ دے اک گنتک ماڈل دے طور تے کم کردی اے۔ [[کلاسیکل مکینکس]] اندر, [[نیوٹن دے چلن دے قنون|نیوٹن دا دوجا قنون]] ({{math|'''F''' {{=}} ''m'''''a'''}}) کوئی گنتک اندازا لگاؤن لئی ورتیا جاندا اے کہ معلوم شروع شرطاں دا کوئی سیٹ اپناؤناں ہویا کوئی دتا ہویا سسٹم کہڑا رستہ اپنائیگا۔ [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] اندر, کسے کوانٹم سسٹم (عامطور تے ایٹم, مولیکولر, اتے سبئیٹومک کن, چااے آزاد ہون, چااے بنے ہوئے جاں ستھانبدھّ کیتے ہوئے ہون) واسطے شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن , نیوٹن دے نیم دا تلّ ([[اینالوگ]]) ہندی اے۔ ایہہ کوئی آسان الجبرک اکیوئیشن نہیں ہندی, سگوں عامطور تے اک [[ریکھک ڈفرینشیئل اکیوئیشن|ریکھک]] [[انشک ڈفرینشیئل مساوات]] ہندی اے, جو سسٹم دے [[ویو فنکشن]] (جسنوں حالت فنکشن وی کیہا جاندا اے) دی سماں-اتپتی نوں درسا رہی ہندی اے۔<ref name=Griffiths2004>{{citation| author=Griffiths, David J.|title=Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.) | publisher=Prentice Hall |year=2004 |isbn= 0-13-111892-7}}</ref>{{rp|1–2}} [[ویو فنکشن]] دی دھارنا اک بنیادی [[کوانٹم مکینکس دی گنتک فارمولا ویونتبندی|کوانٹم مکینکس دا سوے-سدھ اصول]] اے۔ ایہناں سوے-سدھ نظریات دی ورتوں نال, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نوں اس حقیقت توں ویونتبند کیتا جا سکدا اے کہ سماں-اتپتی [[اوپریٹر]] ضرور ہی یونائٹری ہونے چاہیدے ہن اتے لازمی طور تے اسے کرکے کسے سوے-اڈجوآئنٹ اوپریٹر دے ایکپونینشیئل ولوں پیدا ہونے چاہیدے ہن, جو [[کوانٹم ہیملٹونیئن]] ہندا اے۔ ویونتبندی نوں ہیٹھاں سمجھایا گیا اے۔ [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] دی [[کوپنہاگن وضاحت]] اندر, [[ویو فنکشن]] سبھ توں زیادہ مکمل ویروا ہندا اے جو کسے فیزیکل سسٹم بارے دتا جا سکدا اے۔ [[شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ]] پرتِ حل نہ صرف [[ مولیکیولر]], [[ایٹم|ایٹومک]], اتے [[سبئیٹومک پارٹیکل|اپّ-ایٹمی]] سسٹم ہی درساؤندی اے, سگوں [[میکروسکوپک سکیل|میکروسکوپک سسٹم]] وی درساؤندی اے, ممکن طور تے سارا [[کائنات]] وی درساؤندی اے۔<ref name=Laloe>{{citation|last=Laloe|first=Franck|title=Do We Really Understand Quantum Mechanics| publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012| isbn = 978-1-107-02501-1}}</ref>{{rp|292ff}} شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن [[کوانٹم فیلڈ تھیوری]] سمیت [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] دیاں سبھ ایپلیکیشناں پرتِی مرکزی اے, جو [[سپیشل رلیٹیوٹی]] نوں [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] نال میلدی اے۔ [[سٹرنگ تھیوری]] ورگیاں [[کوانٹم گریوٹی]] دیاں [[تھیوری]]آں وی [[شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ]] نوں سدھاردیاں نہیں ہن۔ [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] وچ شروڈنگر مساوات سانوں ایہہ دسدی اے کہ کسے پھجکل سسٹم دی کوانٹم سمت ویلے دے مطابق کویں بدلدی اے۔ ایہہ 1925 وچ تیار اتے 1926 وچ آسٹریا دے [[طبعیاتی سائنسدان]] [[ارون شروڈنگر]] ولوں شائع کیتی گئی۔<ref name = sch/> [[کلاسیکل مکینکس]] وچ [[رفتار دی مساوات]] [[نیوٹن]] دے دوجے قنون ({{math|'''F''' {{=}} ''m'''''a'''}}) وچ جاں [[آئلر لگرانجی مساوات]] دے روپ وچ سانوں دسدی اے کہ اوہ کہڑا رستہ اے جو اک دتا ہویا سسٹم ارمبھک حالتاں دے اک سیٹ ہیٹھ لے لویگا۔ پر [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] دی معیاری وضاحت وچ [[ویوفنکشن]] سانوں [[فزیکل سٹیٹ]] دی ساری جانکاری دندا اے۔ [[شروڈنگر مساوات]] نہ صرف [[ایٹمی]], ذرے, اتے [[سب -ایٹمی]] کناں دی سمت دی جانکاری دندی اے سگوں [[میکرو سسٹم]], شاید پورے [[کائنات]] دی جانکاری وی دندی اے۔ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نہ صرف کوانٹم مکینیکل سسٹماں دا مطالعہ کرن اتے اندازا لگاؤن دا اکو اک طریقہ نہیں اے, کیونکہ ہور کوانٹم مکینیکل فارمولا ویونتبندیاں وی ہن, جویں [[ورنر ہیزنبرگ]] راہیں پیش کیتا [[میٹرکس مکینکس]], اتے مکھ طور تے [[رچرڈ فائنمن]] ولوں ترقی یافتہ کیتی گئی [[پاتھ انٹگرل فارمولا ویونتبندی]]۔ [[پول ڈیراک]] نے میٹرک مکینکس اتے شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نوں اکو سنگل فارمولا ویونتبندی وچ شامل کیتا۔ {{TOC limit|3}} == مساوات == === وقت-انحصار اکیوئیشن === شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دا روپ بھوتکی پرحالت اتے انحصار کردا اے (خاص معاملیاں لئی تھلے دیکھو)۔ سبھ توں زیادہ عامَ قسم [[شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن #ویلے تے انحصار|ویلے تے انحصار شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ]] ہندی اے, جو وقت نال اتپن ہو راے کسے سسٹم دا اک تذکرہ دندی اے۔:<ref name=Shankar1994>{{cite book |last=Shankar |first=R. |year=1994 |title=Principles of Quantum Mechanics |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Kluwer Academic]]/[[Plenum Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-306-44790-7 }}</ref>{{rp|143}} [[File:Wave packet (dispersion).gif|thumb|200px|اک [[ویو فنکشن]] جو {{math|''V'' {{=}} 0}} نال غیر-ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نوں مطمعن کردا اے۔ دوجے شبداں وچ, ایہہ خالی سپیس راہیں آزاد طور تے سفر کر راے کسے کن نال متعلق ہندا اے۔ [[ویو فنکشن]] دا [[اصلی حصہ]] اتھے واہیا گیا اے۔]] {{Equation box 1 |indent=: |title='''ویلے تے انحصار شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ''' ''(عامَ)'' |equation=<math>i \hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi(\mathbf{r},t) = \hat H \Psi(\mathbf{r},t)</math> |cellpadding |border |border colour = #50C878 |background colour = #ECFCF4}} جتھے *{{math|''i''}} [[خیالی اکائی]] اے, *{{math|''ħ''}} گھٹایا ہویا [[پلینک ستھرانک]] اے جو ایہہ ہندا اے :<math>\hbar = \frac{h}{2 \pi}</math>, *چنہ {{math|{{sfrac|∂|∂''t''}}}}, [[ٹائم]] {{math|''t''}} دے حوالہ وچ اک [[پارشل ڈیریویٹو]] ول اشارہ کردا اے, *{{math|''Ψ''}} (گریک اکھر [[سائی (اکھر)|سائی]]) [[کوانٹم سسٹم]] دا [[ویو فنکشن]] ہندا اے, *{{math|'''r'''}} اتے {{math|''t''}} ترتیب وار, [[ویکٹر]] اتے ٹائم ہن, اتے *{{math|''Ĥ''}} [[ہیملٹونیئن (کوانٹم مکینکس)|ہیملٹونیئن]] [[اوپریٹر (فزکس)|اوپریٹر]] [[فنکشن]] ہندا اے (جو پرحالت اتے انحصار کردیاں ہوئیاں وکھریاں قسماں لیندا ہویا کسے دتے ہوئے ویو فنکشن دی کل توانائی نوں لچھنبدھّ کردا اے)۔ [[File:StationaryStatesAnimation.gif|300px|thumb|left|ایہناں تنے قطاراں وچوں ہریک اک ویو فنکشن ہندی اے جو کسے [[کوانٹم ہارمونک اؤسیلیٹر|ہارمونک اؤسیلیٹر]] لئی سمیں-تے-انحصار شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نوں مطمعن کردا اے۔ کھبے: [[ویو فنکشن]] دا اصلی حصہ (نیلے رنگ وچ) اتے خیالی حصہ (لال رنگ وچ)۔ سجے: کسے دتی ہوئی پوزیشن اتے اس [[ویو فنکشن]] والے کن نوں کھوجن دی [[پروبیبلٹی ڈسٹریبیوشن]]۔ شکھرلیاں دو قطاراں [[سٹیشنری حالت]]واں دیاں اداہرناں ہن, جو [[سٹینڈنگ ترنگ]]اں نال تعلق رکھدیاں ہن۔ تل والی قطار اک اجیہی حالت دی اک اداہرن اے جو کوئی سٹیشنری حالت نہیں ہندی۔ سجا کالم سمجھاؤندا اے کہ کیوں سٹیشنری حالتاں نوں سٹیشنری ہی کیہا جاندا اے۔]] سبھ توں زیادہ مشہور اداہرن کسے [[الیکٹرک فیلڈ]] وچ (پر کسے [[چمبکی فیلڈ]] وچ نہیں: [[پولی اکویئیشن]] دیکھو) رفتار شیل کسے سنگل کن واسطے [[ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) کوانٹم مکینکس|غیر-ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک)]] شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اے؛<ref>[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/scheq.html "Schrodinger equation"]۔ ''hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu''۔</ref> {{Equation box 1 |indent=: |title='''ویلے تے انحصار شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن '''<br />''(سنگل [[ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) کوانٹم مکینکس|غیر-ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک)]] کن)'' |equation=<math>i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \Psi(\mathbf{r},t) = \left [ \frac{-\hbar^2}{2\mu}\nabla^2 + V(\mathbf{r},t)\right ] \Psi(\mathbf{r},t)</math> |cellpadding |border |border colour = #0073CF |background colour=#F5FFFA}} جتھے *{{math|''μ''}} کن دا [[گھٹایا ہویا پنج]] ہندا اے, *{{math|''V''}} [[پٹینشل توانائی]] ہندی اے, *{{math|∇²}} [[لیپلاسیئن]] (اک ڈفرینشیئل اوپریٹر) اے, اتے *{{math|''Ψ''}} [[ویو فنکشن]] اے (ہور خالص طور تے, اس حوالہ وچ, اسنوں پجیشن-سپیس ویو فنکشن کیہا جاندا اے)۔ عام بولی وچ, اسدا مطلب اے کل [[توانائی]] برابر اے [[کائنیٹک اینرجی]] پلسّ [[پٹینشل اینرجی]], پر ہیٹھاں سمجھائے کارناں کرکے رقماں بے پچھان روپ لے لیندیاں ہن۔ شامل ہندے خاص ڈفرینشیئل اوپریٹر دتے ہون تے, ایہہ اک [[لینیئر ڈفرینشیئل اکیوئیشن|لینیئر]] [[پارشل ڈفرینشیئل اکویئیشن]] ہو جاندی اے۔ ایہہ اک [[ڈفیوزن اکویئیشن]] وی ہندی اے, پر [[ہیٹ اکویئیشن]] توں الٹ, ایہہ ٹرانزیئینٹ رقم اندر حاضر [[خیالی یونٹ]] دتے ہون تے اک ویو اکیوئیشن وی ہندی اے۔ شبد [[شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ]] عامَ اکیوئیشن (اپرلا پہلا بوکس) ول وی اشارہ کر سکدی اے, جاں خاص غیر-ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) ورژن (اپرلا دوجا بوکس اتے اسدیاں ویریئیشناں) ول وی۔ عامَ اکیوئیشن سچ مچّ کافی عامَ اکیوئیشن اے, جو سارے کوانٹم مکینکس وچ ہیملٹونیئن لئی وکھ وکھ گنجھل دار سمیکرناں وچ بھر کے [[ڈیراک اکویئیشن]] توں لے کے [[کوانٹم فیلڈ تھیوری]] تک ہریک چیز واسطے ورتی جاندی اے۔ خاص غیر-ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) ورژن واستوکتا پرتِ اک سنکھیپاتمک لگپگتا اے, جو کئی پرحالات وچ بہت صحیح ہندی اے, پر ہوراں اندر بہت غلط رہندی اے (دیکھو [[ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) کوانٹم مکینکس]] اتے [[ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) کوانٹم فیلڈ تھیوری]])۔ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اپلائی کرن لئی, سسٹم واسطے اے اوپریٹر سیٹ کیتا جاندا اے, جو سسٹم دے رچنہارے کناں دی کائنیٹک اتے پٹینشل توانائی لئی جمیوار ہندا اے, پھیر شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن وچ پا دتا جاندا اے۔ نتیجن پارشل ڈفرینشیئل اکیوئیشن ویو فنکشن لئی حل کیتی جاندی اے, جو سسٹم بابت اطلاع رکھدی ہندی اے۔ === وقت-آزاد اکیوئیشن === اپر درسائی سمیں-تے-انحصار شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن انومانت کردی اے کہ ویو فنکشن [[سٹینڈنگ ترنگ]]اں رچ سکدے ہن, جہناں نوں [[سٹیشنری حالت]]واں (اؤربٹل وی کیہا جاندا اے, جویں [[ایٹومک اؤربٹل]]اں جاں [[مولیکیولر اؤربٹل]]اں وچ) کیہا جاندا اے۔ ایہہ حالتاں اپنے آپ وچ اہم ہندیاں ہن اتے جیکر سٹیشنری حالتاں نوں شرینیبدھّ کرکے سمجھیا جاوے, تاں کسے وی حالت لئی سمیں-تے-انحصار شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نوں حل کرنا اسان ہو جاندا اے۔ سٹیشنری حالتاں نوں شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دی اک آسان قسم راہیں وی درسایا جا سکدا اے جسنوں سماں-آزاد شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن کہندے ہن۔ (ایہہ صرف تاں ورتی جاندی اے جدوں [[ہیملٹونیئن (کوانٹم مکینکس)|ہیملٹونیئن]] خود ہی ویلے اتے واضع روپ وچ انحصار نہ کردا ہووے۔ پھیر وی, اس معاملے وچ وی, کل ویو فنکشن اجے وی اک سماں نربھرتا رکھدا ہندا اے۔) {{Equation box 1 |indent=: |title='''سماں-آزاد شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ''' (''سرو عام'') |equation=<math>\operatorname{\hat H}\Psi=E\Psi</math> |cellpadding |border |border colour = #50C878 |background colour = #ECFCF4}} شبداں وچ, اکیوئیشن بیان کردی اے کہ: ::''جدوں ہیملٹونیئن اوپریٹر کسے ویو فنکشن {{math|&Psi؛}} اتے کریا کردا اے, اتے نتیجہ اوسے ویو فنکشن {{math|Ψ}} دے انوپاتی (پروپوشنل) رہندا اے, تاں {{math|Ψ}} اک [[سٹیشنری حالت]] ہندی اے, اتے انپاتک ستھرانک {{math|E}}, حالت {{math|Ψ}} دی توانائی ہندی اے۔'' سماں-آزاد شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ہور [[#سماں-آزاد|تھلے]] چرچت کیتی گئی اے۔ [[لینیئر الجبرا]] نیماولی اندر, ایہہ اکیوئیشن اک [[آئیگنویلیؤ اتے آئیگنویکٹر|آئیگن-ملّ اکویئیشن]] ہندی اے۔ پہلاں وانگ, سبھ توں زیادہ مشہور پرگٹائ کسے الیکٹرک فیلڈ (پر کوئی چمبکی فیلڈ وچ نہیں) وچ رفتار شیل کسے سنگل کن واسطے [[ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) کوانٹم مکینکس|غیر-ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک)]] شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ہندی اے: {{Equation box 1 |indent=: |title='''سماں-آزاد شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ''' (''سنگل غیر-ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) کن'') |equation=<math>\left[ \frac{-\hbar^2}{2\mu}\nabla^2 + V(\mathbf{r}) \right] \Psi(\mathbf{r}) = E \Psi(\mathbf{r})</math> |cellpadding |border |border colour = #0073CF |background colour=#F5FFFA}} جسدیاں اپر وانگ پربولیاں ہندیاں ہن۔ == ویونتبندی == کوانٹم مکینکس دی اجوکی سمجھ وچ, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نوں اسطراں ویونتبند کیتا جا سکدا اے۔<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sakurai|first1=J. J.|title=Modern Quantum Mechanics|date=1995|publisher=Addison-Wesley|location=Reading, Massachusetts|page=68}}</ref> جیکر ویلے t اتے ویو فنکشن <math>\Psi(t)</math> راہیں دتا جاندا ہووے, تاں [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] دی [[لینیئرٹی]] صدقہ, ویلے t’ اتے ویو فنکشن ضرور ہی <math> \Psi(t')=U(t',t) \Psi(t) </math> راہیں دتا جانا چاہیدا اے, جتھے <math>U(t', t)</math> اک لینیئر اوپریٹر ہندا اے۔ کیونکہ سماں-اتپتی ضرور ہی ویو فنکشن دے نورم نوں سرکھات کردی ہونی چاہیدی اے, اس توں پتہ چلدا اے کہ <math> U(t',t) </math> لازمی طور تے ویو فنکشناں اتے کریا کر راے اوپریٹراں دے [[یونائٹری گروپ]] دا کوئی میمبر ہونا چاہیدا اے۔ اسیں ایہہ وی جاندے ہاں کہ جدوں <math> t' = t </math> ہندا اے, تاں ساڈے کول ضرور ہی <math> U(t,t) = 1 </math> ہونا چاہیدا اے۔ اسطراں, t دے بہت نزدیک t’ لئی, اوپریٹر <math> U(t',t) </math> دا پھلار کردے ہوئے, اسیں <math> U(t',t) = 1 - i H (t' - t) </math> لکھ سکدے ہاں جتھے H اک [[ہرمشن اوپریٹر]] ہندا اے۔ ایہہ اس حقیقت توں پتہ چلدا اے کہ [[یونائٹری گروپ]] نال متعلق [[لائی الجبرا]] [[ہرمشن اوپریٹر]]اں نوں شامل کردا اے۔ سماں-انتر <math>t' - t </math> نوں بہت سوخم حد تک لیندے ہوئے, اسیں شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن حاصل کردے ہاں۔ ہن تک, H صرف اک امورت ہرمشن اوپریٹر ہی ہندا اے۔ پھیر وی, [[کورسپونڈینس پرنسپل]] ورتدے ہوئے, ایہہ دکھاؤنا ممکن اے کہ, کلاسیکل حد وچ, H دی [[ایکسپیکٹیشن ویلیؤ]] سچ مچّ ہی کلاسیکل توانائی ہندی اے۔ کورسپونڈینس پرنسپل [[انسرٹنٹی پرنسپل]] کرکے کوانٹم ہیملٹونیئن دی قسم نوں پوری طرحاں پھکس نہیں کردا, اتے اس کرکے, کوانٹم ہیملٹونیئن دی خالص قسم ضرور ہی انوبھوَ-سدھ طور تے پھکس کیتی جانی چاہیدی اے۔ و == نتیجے == شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اتے اسدے ہلاں نے [[فزکس]] بارے سوچنی وچ اک درار داخل کیتی اے۔ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اپنی قسم دی پہلی اکیوئیشن سی, اتے اسدے ہلاں نے اجیاے نتیجیاں ول پریرنا دتی جو وقت لئی بہت ہی اعام اتے بے امید سن۔ === کل کائینیٹک اتے [[ستھتک توانائی]] === [[اکویئیشن]] دی ساری دی ساری قسم اعام جاں امید توں پرے نہیں ہندی, کیونکہ ایہہ [[توانائی دی سرکھئتا]] دا پرنسپل ورتدی اے۔ غیر-ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دیاں رقماں نوں سسٹم دی کل توانائی دے طور تے ویاکھیابدھّ کیتا جا سکدا اے, جو سسٹم [[کائینیٹک توانائی]] جماں سسٹم [[ستھتک توانائی]] برابر ہندی اے۔ اس حوالہ وچ, ایہہ [[کلاسیکل فزکس]] اندرلی توانائی وانگ ہی رہندی اے۔ === [[نردھاریکرن]] === شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اندازا لگاؤندی اے کہ جیکر کسے سسٹم دیاں کجھ خاصیتاں ناپیاں جاندیاں ہن, تاں نتیجہ [[کوانٹائزیشن|نردھاریکرت]] ہو سکدا اے, جسدا مطلب اے کہ صرف خاص اجاری ملّ ہی موجود ہو سکدے ہن۔ اک اداہرن [[توانائی کوانٹائزیشن]] اے: کسے [[الیکٹرون]] دی [[توانائی]] کسے [[ایٹم]] اندر ہمیشاں ہی [[اینرجی لیول|کوانٹائزڈ توانائی لیولاں]] وچوں اک لیول ہندی اے, جو [[ایٹومک سپیکٹروسکوپی]] راہیں کھوجیا اک حقیقت اے۔ (توانائی کوانٹائزیشن نوں [[#سماں آزاد|تھلے]] چرچت کیتا گیا اے۔ اک ہور اداہرن [[اینگلر مومینٹم اوپریٹر|اینگلر مومینٹم دی کوانٹائزیشن]] اے۔ ایہہ شروعاتی [[بوہر ماڈل|ایٹم دے بوہر ماڈل]] وچ اک مانتا سی, پر شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن وچ ایہہ اک اندازا ہندا اے۔ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دا اک ہور نتیجہ ایہہ ہندا اے کہ ہریک ناپ [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] اندر کوئی کوانٹائز کیتا نتیجہ نہیں دندا۔ اداہرن دے طور تے, [[پوزیٹرون]], [[مومینٹم]], [[ٹائم]], اتے (کجھ پرحالات وچ) توانائی کسے جاری رینج دے آرپار کوئی ملّ رکھدی ہو سکدی اے۔<ref name="Zettili2009">{{cite book|author=Nouredine Zettili|title=Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications|date=17 فروری 2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-02678-6}}</ref>{{rp|165–167}} === ناپ اتے انشچتتا === {{Main|کوانٹم مکینکس وچ ناپ|ہیزنبرگ انسرٹنٹی پرنسپل|کوانٹم مکینکس دیاں ویاکھیاواں}} [[کلاسیکل مکینکس]] اندر, اک کن, ہریک پل اتے, اک صحیح صحیح [[پوزیشن]] اتے اک صحیح صحیح [[مومینٹم]] رکھدا اے۔ ایہہ ملّ [[ڈٹرمینزم|نردھارتمک]] طور تے بدل جاندیاں ہن جویں ہی کن [[نیوٹن دے نیم]]اں مطابق رفتار کردا اے۔ [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] دی [[کوپنہاگن وضاحت]] ماتحت, کن صحیح صحیح نردھارتمک خاصیتاں نہیں رکھدے ہندے, اتے جدوں ایہہ خاصیتاں ناپیاں جاندیاں ہن, تاں نتیجہ کسے [[پروبیبلٹی ڈسٹریبیوشن]] توں منچااے طور تے کڈھ لیا جاندا اے۔ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اندازا لگاؤندی اے کہ پروبیبلٹی وستھار-ونڈاں کی ہندیاں ہن, پر مڈھلے طور تے ہریک ناپ دے صحیح صحیح نتیجے نوں انومانت نہیں کر سکدی۔ [[ہیزنبرگ دا انسرٹنٹی پرنسپل]] [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] اندر جنمجات ناپ انشچتتا دا کتھن اے۔ ایہہ بیان کردا اے کہ کسے کن دی پوزیشن جنی خالص طور تے معلوم ہندی اے, انی ہی گھٹ خالص طور تے اسدا مومینٹم معلوم ہندا اے, اتے اسدا الٹ وی سچ اے۔ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن کسے کن دے [[ویو فنکشن]] دی (نردھارتمک) اتپتی نوں درساؤندی اے۔ پھیر وی, بھاویں چااے ویو فنکشن خالص طور تے معلوم وی ہووے, تاں وی ویو فنکشن اتے کسے خاص ناپ دا نتیجہ امقررہ رہندا اے۔ === کوانٹم ٹنلنگ === {{Main|کوانٹم ٹنلنگ}} [[File:TunnelEffektKling1.svg|width = 300px|thumb|کسے بیریئر راہیں [[کوانٹم ٹنلنگ]]۔ کھبے پاسیوں آ رہا کوئی کن بیریئر ٹپن لئی لوڑیندی توانائی نہیں رکھدا۔ پھیر وی, ایہہ کدے کپھدے دوجے پاسے جان لئی سرنگ بنا لیندا اے۔]] [[کلاسیکل فزکس]] اندر, جدوں کوئی گیند کسے وڈے پہاڑ دے اتے ہولی ہولی روڑی جاندی اے, تاں ایہہ رک جاندی اے اتے تھلے آؤن لگدی اے, کیونکہ پہاڑ دے دوجے پاسے جان لئی پہاڑ دے شکھر تک چڑن واسطے اس کول لوڑیندی توانائی نہیں ہندی۔ پھیر وی, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اندازا لگاؤندی اے کہ اک سوخم پروبیبلٹی ہندی اے کہ گیند پہاڑ دے دوجے پاسے چلی جائیگی, بھاویں شکھر تک جان لئی اس کول بہت ہی گھٹ توانائی ہندی اے جو لوڑیندی توانائی توں بہت گھٹ ہندی اے۔ اسنوں [[کوانٹم ٹنلنگ]] کیہا جاندا اے۔ ایہہ توانائی دی ڈسٹریبیوشن نال متعلق اے: بھاویں دی کلپت پوزیشن پہاڑ دے اک پاسے اتے ہندی دسدی اے, پھیر وی اسنوں دوجے پاسے کھوجن دا اک چانس (موقع) ہندا اے۔ === ترنگاں دے طور تے کن === {{Main|مادہ ترنگ|ترنگ-کن دوہراپن|ڈبل-سلٹ پریوگ}} [[File:Double-slit experiment results Tonomura 2.jpg|175px|thumb|وقت بیتن نال کسے سکرین اتے الیکٹروناں دے جماوڑے نوں دکھا رہا ڈبل سلٹ ایکسپیریمینٹ]] غیر-ساپیکھک (غیر-ریلیٹیوسٹک) شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اکیوئیشن کسے [[ویو فنکشن]] نامک [[پارشل ڈفرینشیئل اکویئیشن]] دی اک قسم ہندی اے۔ اسلئی, اکثر ایہہ کیہا جاندا اے کہ کن ترنگاں ورگیاں خاصیتاں ورگا ورتاؤ عامطور تے دکھاؤندے ہن۔ کجھ اجوکیاں ویاکھیاواں وچ ایہہ ویروا الٹا دتا گیا ہے- کوانٹم حالت, یانِ کہ, ترنگ, ہی اکو اک اصلی بھوتکی واستوکتا ہندی اے, اتے ڈھشاعراں شرطاں ماتحت ایہہ کن-ورگے ورتاؤ دے لچھن دکھا سکدی اے۔ پھیر وی, بیلینٹین<ref name=Ballentine>{{citation|last=Ballentine|first=Leslie|title=Quantum Mechanics: A Modern Development | publisher=World Scientific Publishing Co.|year=1998| isbn = 9810241054}}</ref>{{rp|Chapter 4, p.99}} دکھاؤندا اے کہ اجیہی کوئی وضاحت سمسیاواں-یکت ہندی اے۔ بینلینٹین اشارہ کردا اے کہ جدونکھ کسے بھوتکی ترنگ نوں کسے سنگل کن نال جوڑنا (متعلق کرنا) ترکیوگ ہندا اے, تاں اجے وی صرف اکو شروڈنجر ترنگ مساوات کئی کناں لئی ہندی اے۔ اوہ اشارہ کردا اے کہ: :''"جیکر کسے بھوتکی ترنگ فیلڈ نوں کسے کن نال متعلق کیتا جاندا اے, جاں کسے کن نوں کسے ویو-پیکٹ نال پچھانیا جاندا اے, تاں پرسپر کریاواں کردے N کناں نال متعلق پرسپر کریاواں کردیاں N ترنگاں وی عام تنّ-ایامی سپیس اندر ضرور ہونیاں چاہیدیاں ہن۔ پر (4.6) مطابق, اجیہا معاملہ نہیں اے؛ اسدے ستھان تے کسے امورت 3N-ایامی رچنا سپیس اندر اکو ویو فنکشن ہندا اے۔ سائی دی کسے بھوتکی ترنگ دے طور تے گلت-وضاحت عام سپیس وچ صرف تاں ممکن ہندی اے کیونکہ کوانٹم مکینکس دے زیادہتر سانجھے ورتوں اک-کنک حالتاں پرتِ ہندے ہن, جہناں لئی رچنا سپیس اتے عام سپیس [[آئسومرپھک]] ہندیاں ہن۔"'' [[ڈبل-سلٹ ایکسپیریمینٹ|دو-سلٹ ڈپھریکشن]] اوہناں عجیب ورتاواں دی مشہور اداہرن اے جو اجہیاں ترنگاں نیمت طور تے پردرشت کردیاں رہندیاں ہن, جو کناں نال سہج سمجھ دے طور تے متعلق نہیں ہندیاں ہن۔ دوویں سلٹاں توں (اک دوجے دے) اؤورلیپنگ (اپر چڑن والیاں) ترنگاں کجھ ستھاناں وچ پرسپر طور تے ردّ ہو جاندیاں ہن, اتے دوجے ستھاناں (لوکیشناں) تے اک کمپلیکس نمونہ پیدا کرن لئی اک دوجی وچ جڑ جاندیاں ہن۔ سہج سمجھ دے طور تے, سلٹاں اتے کسے سنگل کن نوں فائر کرن توں اس نمونے دی امید کیتی جانی نہیں ہونی چاہیدی, کیونکہ کن اک سلٹ وچ نوں جاں دوجی سلٹ راہیں لنگھنا چاہیدا اے, نہ کہ دوہاں سلٹاں دے کسے کمپلیکس اوورلیپ وچ نوں ہی لنگھنا چاہیدا اے۔ کویں نہ کویں, کیونکہ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اک [[ویو اکویئیشن]] ہی ہندی اے, اسلئی کوئی سنگل کن جدوں کسے ڈبل-سلٹّ راہیں لنگھن لئی فائر کیتا جاندا اے تاں ایہی نمونہ پردرشت کردا اے (سجے پاسے چتر وچ دیکھو)۔ دھیان دیؤ کہ: استعمال ضرور ہی کئی وار دوہرایا جانا چاہیدا اے تاں جو کمپلیکس نمونہ پیدا ہو سکے۔ بھاویں ایہہ سہج سمجھ ورتکنیک اے, پھیر وی اندازا صحیح رہندا اے؛ خاص کرکے, [[الیکٹرون ڈپھریکشن]] اتے [[نیوٹرون ڈپھریکشن]] چنگی طرحاں سمجھیاں گئیاں ہن اتے [[سائنس]] اتے [[انجنیئرنگ]] وچ وڈے پدھر تے ورتیاں گئیاں ہن۔ [[ڈپھریکشن]] نال متعلق, کن [[سپرپجیشن پرنسپل#ترنگاں پرتِ ایپلیکیشناں|سپرپجیشن]] اتے [[انٹرپھیرینس (ترنگ کمیونیکیشن|انٹرپھیرینس]] وی دکھاؤندے ہن۔ سپرپجیشن خاصیت کسے کن نوں دو جاں زیادہ [[کوانٹم حالت]]واں دی کسے [[کوانٹم سپرپجیشن]] وچ اکو ویلے ہون دی آگیا ددی اے۔ پھیر وی, ایہہ نوٹ کیتا گیا اے کہ [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] اندر کوئی [[کوانٹم حالت]] دا مطلب اے اوہ [[پروبیبلٹی]], جو کوئی [[سسٹم]], اداہرن دے طور تے, کسے پوزیشن {{math|''x''}} تے ہو سکدا ہووےگا, نہ کہ سسٹم سچ مچّ ہی پوزیشن {{math|''x''}} اتے ہووےگا۔ اسدا مطلب ایہہ نہیں اے کہ کن خود ہی اکو ویلے دو کلاسیکل حالتاں وچ ہو سکدا اے۔ سچ مچّ, [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] عامطور تے پوری طرحاں ناپ توں پہلاں دیاں خاصیتاں واسطے ملّ حاصل کرن پرتِ ایوگ رہندا اے۔ === مینی-ورلڈ وضاحت === ڈبلن وکھے 1952 وچ, [[ایرون شروڈنجر]] نے اک لکچر دتا سی, جس وچ اک گل اتے اسنے مذاق دے لہجے وچ اپنے سروتیاں نوں ساودھان کیتا کہ اوہ جو کہن والا اے پگلپن لگ سکدا اے۔ ایہہ اوہ سماں سی, جدوں اسدیاں اتم سمیکرناں وکھ وکھ وکھرے اتہاساں نوں درساؤندیاں دسدیاں سن, جو اک دوجے دا بدل نہیں سن, پر سبھ سچ مچّ ہی اکٹھے واپردے ہن۔ ایہہ [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] دی [[مینی-ورلڈ انٹرپریٹیشن]] پرتِ ارمبھکاتمک معلوم حوالہ سی۔<ref>David Deutsch, The Beginning of infinity, page 310</ref> == ویو فنکشن دی وضاحت == {{Main|کوانٹم مکینکس دی ویاکھیا}} شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن کسے سسٹم دے ویو فنکشن نوں کیلکلیٹ کرن اتے کویں کوئی سسٹم وقت وچ رفتار شیل طور تے بدلدا اے, نوں کیلکلیٹ کرن پرتِ اک رستہ مہیا کرواؤندی اے۔ پھیر وی, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن سدھے طور تے نہیں کہندی کہ [[ویو فنکشن]] اصل وچ کی ہندا اے۔ [[کوانٹم مکینکس دیاں ویاکھیاواں]] سوالاں دی گل کردیاں ہن جویں ویو فنکشن, جو واستوکتا لئی جمیوار ہندا اے, اتے پریوگک ناپاں درمیان کی تعلق ہندا اے۔ اک اہم پہلو شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اتے [[ویو فنکشن کولیپس]] درمیان تعلق اے۔ پراتناتمک [[کوپنہاگن وضاحت]] اندر, کن ویو فنکشن کولیپس دوران, جس وچ اوہ پوری طرحاں الگ ہی ورتاؤ کردے ہن, نوں چھڈّ کے شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دی پالنا کردے ہن۔ [[کوانٹم ڈیکوہرنس|کوانٹم ڈیکوہرنس تھیوری]] دی کھوج نے بدلویں درشٹیکوناں (جویں [[ایوریٹ مینی-ورلڈز وضاحت]] اتے [[مطابق اتہاس]]اں) نوں آگیا دتی, جتھے کہ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ہمیشاں ہی کھری اتردی اے, اتے ویو فنکشن کولیپس شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دے کسے نتیجے دے طور تے ویاکھئت کیتا جانا چاہیدا اے۔ == تریخی پچھوکڑ اتے ترقی == [[File:Erwin Schrodinger2.jpg|right|thumb|[[ایرون شروڈنجر]]]] {{Main|شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن لئی اصولی اتے پریوگک پشٹیکرن}} پرکاش دی [[میکس پلینک]] دی [[کوانٹائزیشن]] ([[بلیک بوڈی ریڈیئیشن]] دیکھو) دی پالنا کردے ہوئے, [[البرٹ آئینسٹائین]] نے پلینک دے [[کوانٹم|کوانٹا]] نوں [[پھوٹون]]اں دے ہون وجوں ویاکھئت کیتا, جو [[پرکاش دی کورپسکیولر تھیوری|پرکاشی کن]] ہندے ہن, اتے پیش کیتا کہ [[پلینک تعلق|کسے پھوٹون دی توانائی اسدی پھریکئینسی دے انوپاتی ہندی اے]], جو [[ترنگ-کن ڈیولٹی]] دے پہلے لچھناں وچوں اک سی۔ کیونکہ توانائی اتے [[مومینٹم]] اسے طریقے نال متعلق ہندے ہن جویں [[پھریکئینسی]] اتے [[ویونمبر]], [[سپیشل رلیٹیوٹی]] وچ متعلق ہندے ہن, تاں استوں پتہ چلدا اے کہ, کسے [[پھوٹون]] دا مومینٹم {{math|''p''}} اسدی [[ویولینتھ]] {{math|''λ''}} دے انوپاتی ہندا اے, جاں اسدے [[ویونمبر]] {{math|''k''}} دے انوپاتی (پروپوشنل) ہندا اے: :<math>p = \frac{h}{\lambda} = \hbar k,</math> جتھے {{math|''h''}} [[پلینک دا ستھرانک]] اے۔ [[لئس ڈی بروگلِ]] نے نظریاتی کیتا کہ سارے کناں لئی ایہہ سچ رہندا اے, بھاویں الیکٹروناں ورگے پنج والے کن ہی کیوں نہ ہون۔ اسنے دکھایا کہ, ایہہ مندے ہوئے کہ پدارتھک ترنگاں اپنے کن ورودھیساتھیاں دے نال نال سنچارت ہندیاں ہن, [[الیکٹرون]], [[سٹینڈنگ ترنگ]]اں رچدے ہن, جسدا مطلب اے کہ صرف کجھ اجاری روٹیشنل پھریکئینسیاں ہی [[نیوکلیئس]] دوآلے کسے [[ایٹم]] لئی پروانت ہندیاں ہن۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Broglie |first=L. |year=1925 |title=Recherches sur la thorie des quanta |trans_title=On the Theory of Quanta |url=http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/70/78/PDF/tel-00006807.pdf |journal=[[Annales de Physique]] |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=22–128 |doi= }} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509012910/http://www.ensmp.fr/aflb/LDB-oeuvres/De_Broglie_Kracklauer.pdf |date=9 مئی 2009 |title=Translated version}}۔</ref> ایہہ کوانٹائزڈ [[اؤربٹ]] [[ڈسکریٹ]] (اجاری) [[توانائی پدھر]]اں نال متعلق ہندے ہن, اتے ڈی بروگلی نے اینرجی لیولاں لئی [[بوہر ماڈل]] نوں دوبارہ پیدا کیتا۔ بوہر ماڈل اس اکیوئیشن مطابق اینگلر مومینٹم {{math|''L''}} دی منی ہوئی [[کوانٹائزیشن]] اتے مشتمل سی: :<math> L = n{h \over 2\pi} = n\hbar</math> ڈی بروگلی مطابق [[الیکٹرون]] نوں کسے [[ترنگ]] راہیں درسایا جاندا اے اتے [[ترنگ-لمبائی]]آں دا اک مکمل نمبر ضرور ہی [[الیکٹرون]] دے [[اؤربٹ]] دے [[گھیرا|گھیرے]] دے نال نال فٹ ہونا چاہیدا اے: :<math>n \lambda = 2 \pi r.\,</math> ایہہ نظریہ [[اردھ-ویاس]] ([[ریڈیئس]]) {{math|''r''}} والے کسے چکری [[اؤربٹ]] دے نال نال, لازمی طور تے اک ایام وچ الیکٹرون ترنگ نوں محدود رکھدا اے۔ 1921 وچ, ڈی بروگلی توں پہلاں, ارتھر چی لنّ نے شیکاگو دی یونیورسٹی وکھے, ہن ڈی بروگلی تعلق کاے جان والے تعلق نوں ویونتبند کرن لئی ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) اورجا-مومینٹم [[پھور-ویکٹر|4-ویکٹر]] دی تکمیل اتے مشتمل اوہی ترک ورتیا سی۔<ref>{{cite journal|last=Weissman|first=M.B. |author2=V. V. Iliev |author3=I. Gutman|title=A pioneer remembered: biographical notes about Arthur Constant Lunn|journal=Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry|year=2008|volume=59|issue=3|pages=687–708}}</ref> برگولِ توں الٹ, لنّ اجیہی ڈفرینشیئل اکیوئیشن فارمولا ویونتبند کرن گیا جسنوں ہن شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دے طور تے جانیا جاندا اے, اتے [[ہائیڈروجن]] [[ایٹم]] لئی اسدے [[توانائی]] [[آئیگن-ملّ]]اں نوں حل کرن تک گیا۔ بدقسمتی نال, اسدا پیپر فزیکل ریویؤ<!-- ایہہ اک خاص نام اے, اسلئی اسنوں ایڈٹ کرکے بھوتکی تجزیہ نہ لکھیا جاوے --> راہیں ردّ کر دتا گیا, جویں کیمن راہیں دوبارہ گنیا گیا۔<ref>{{cite book|last=Kamen|first=Martin D.|title=Radiant Science, Dark Politics|year=1985|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA|isbn=0-520-04929-2|pages=29–32}}</ref> ڈی بروگلِ دے وچاراں دی پالنا کردے ہوئے, [[بھوتک سائنسدان]] [[پیٹر ڈبائ]] نے اک اکدم ٹپنی کیتی کہ جیکر کن ترنگاں دی طرحاں ورتاؤ کردے ہون, تاں اوہ اسانی نال کسے قسم دی ویو اکیوئیشن دی پالنا کردے ہونے چاہیدے ہن۔ ڈیبائ دی ٹپنی توں پریرنا لے کے شروڈنجر نے [[الیکٹرون]] لئی اک ڈھکویں 3-ڈائمینشنل [[ویو اکویئیشن]] کھوجن دا فیصلہ کر لیا۔ اسدا مرگ فلسفہ [[ولیئم روون ہیملٹن]] دی [[مکینکس]] اتے [[اؤپٹکس]] درمیان تلتا ([[اینالوگی]]) نے کیتا, جس دے معائنہ وچ ایہہ سکینتبدھّ کیتا ہویا سی کہ, اؤپٹکس دی زیرِ-ترنگلمبائی سیما کسے مکینیکل سسٹم نال ملدی جلدی ہے- [[پرکاش کرن]]اں دے وکرت پتھ تکھے بن جاندے ہن جو [[پھارمٹ دا اصول|پھارمٹ دے پرنسپل]] دی پالنا کردے ہن, جو [[لیسٹ ایکشن اصول]] دا اک تلّ ([[اینالوگ]]) اے۔<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schrodinger |first=E. |year=1984 |title=Collected papers |publisher=[[Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn]] |isbn=3-7001-0573-8 }} See introduction to first 1926 paper.</ref><!-- --- Is the non-formulation by Hamilton really relevant؟ Hamilton believed that mechanics was the zero-wavelength limit of wave propagation, but did not formulate an equation for those waves.<ref>{{cite web |last=Michon |first=G.P. |year=2009 |title=Hamilton's Analogy: Paths to the Schrdinger Equation |url=http://home.att.net/~numericana/answer/schrodinger.htm#1928 |work=Final Answers: The Schrdinger Equation |accessdate=28 فروری 2010 }}</ref> ---->اسدے ترک دا اک اجوکا ورژن تھلے پھیر توں پیدا کیتا گیا اے۔ اسدے ولوں کھوجی گئی اکیوئیشن ایہہ اے:<ref name="verlagsgesellschaft1991">Encyclopaedia of Physics (2nd Edition), R.G. Lerner, G.L. Trigg, VHC publishers, 1991, (Verlagsgesellschaft) 3-527-26954-1, (VHC Inc.) {{isbn|0-89573-752-3}}</ref> :<math>i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi(\mathbf{r},\,t)=-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2\Psi(\mathbf{r},\,t) + V(\mathbf{r})\Psi(\mathbf{r},\,t).</math> پھیر وی, اوس وقت تک, [[ارنالڈ سومرفیلڈ]] نے [[فائین سٹرکچر|ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) سدھاراں]] صدقہ [[سومرپھیلڈ-ولسن کوانٹائزیشن|بوہر ماڈل نوں سدھار دتا سی۔]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sommerfeld |first=A. |year=1919 |title=Atombau und Spektrallinien |publisher=[[Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn]] |location=Braunschweig |isbn=3-87144-484-7 }}</ref><ref>For an English source, see {{Cite journal |last=Haar |first=T. |title=The Old Quantum Theory |url= |publisher= |pages= |isbn= }}</ref> شروڈنجر نے ([[قدرتی یونٹاں]] وچ) کسے [[کولومب پٹینشل]] اندر [[کلیئن-جورڈن اکویئیشن]] دے طور تے ہن جانی جاندی اکیوئیشن نوں کھوجن لئی ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) مومینٹم تعلق دی ورتوں کیتی سی: :<math>\left(E + {e^2\over r} \right)^2 \psi(x) = - \nabla^2\psi(x) + m^2 \psi(x).</math> <!-- <math>\frac{1}{c^2}\left(E + {e^2\over 4 \pi \varepsilon_0 r} \right)^2 \psi(x) = -\hbar^2 \nabla^2\psi(x) + \frac{m^2c^2}{\hbar^2} \psi(x).</math> ؟--> اسنے اس ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) اکیوئیشن دیاں سٹینڈنگ ترنگاں کھوجیاں, پر ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) سدھار سومرفیلڈ دے فارمولے نال اسہمت راے۔ مایوس ہو کے, اسنے اپنے حساب –کتاباں نوں پرے رکھ دتا اتے اپنے آپ نوں دسمبر 1925 وچ اک بند پہاڑی کیبن وچ تنہا کر لیا۔<ref>{{cite book |last=Rhodes |first=R. |year=1986 |title=Making of the Atomic Bomb |publisher=[[Touchstone Books|Touchstone]] |pages= |isbn=0-671-44133-7 }}</ref> جدونکھ اس کیبن اتے, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نے فیصلہ کیتا کہ اسدیاں شروعاتی غیر-ساپیکھک کیلکلیشناں چھپن لئی اتم ہون یوگ ہن, اتے مستقبل لئی ساپیکھک سدھاراں دی مسئلہ نوں چھڈّ دتا ہائیڈروجن واسطے ڈفرینشیئل مساوات حل کرن وچ پیش آؤندیاں کٹھنائیاں دے باو جود (اسنے اپنے دوست گنتشعورت [[حرمن ویئل]] توں مدد منگی سی)<ref name="Schrdinger1982" />{{rp|3}}) شروڈنجر نے دکھایا کہ ویو اکیوئیشن دے اسدے غیر-ساپیکھک ورژن نے1926 وچ چھپے اک پیپر وچ ہائیڈروجن دیاں صحیح سپیکٹرل اورجاواں پیدا کیتیاں سن۔<ref name="Schrdinger1982">{{cite book|author=Erwin Schrdinger|title=Collected Papers on Wave Mechanics: Third Edition|year=1982|publisher=American Mathematical Soc.|isbn=978-0-8218-3524-1}}</ref>{{rp|1}}<ref>{{cite journal |last=Schrdinger |first=E. |year=1926 |title=Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem؛ von Erwin Schrdinger |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k153811.image.langFR.f373.pagination |journal=[[Annalen der Physik]] |volume= 384|issue= |pages=361–377 |doi=10.1002/andp.19263840404 |bibcode = 1926AnP.۔.384.۔361S }}</ref> اکیوئیشن وچ, شروڈنجر نے [[پروٹون]] راہیں بنائی کسے [[پٹینشل ویلّ]] {{math|''V''}} وچ رفتار شیل کسے ترنگ {{math|''Ψ''(''x'', ''t'')}} دے طور تے کسے [[ہائیڈروجن ایٹم]] دے [[الیکٹرون]] نوں ٹریٹ کرکے [[ہائیڈروجن سپیکٹرل سیریز]] دا حساب لگایا سی۔ اس حساب-کتاب نے خالص طور تے [[بوہر ماڈل]] دے توانائی لیولاں نوں دوبارہ پیدا کیتا سی۔ اک پیپر وچ, شروڈنجر نے خود اس مساوات نوں اسطراں سمجھایا سی: {{cquote|پہلاں توں ہی … نام لیا گیا سائی-فنکشن ۔.۔. ہن ناپ نتیجیاں دی پروبیبلٹی انمات کرن لئی مطلب رکھدا اے۔ اس وچ مستقبل دیاں امیداں تے اصولی طور تے مشتمل پربھر لئی حاصل جوڑ جڑے ہندے ہن۔ |20px|20px|ایرون شروڈنجر<ref>Erwin Schrdinger, "The Present situation in Quantum Mechanics," p. 9 of 22. The English version was translated by John D. Trimmer. The translation first appeared first in ''Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society'', 124, 323–38. It later appeared as Section I.11 of Part I of ''Quantum Theory and Measurement'' by J.A. Wheeler and W.H. Zurek, eds., Princeton University Press, New Jersey 1983.</ref>}} اس 1926 دے پیپر نوں اتشاہپوروج آئینسٹائین راہیں حمایت ملیا, جسنے پدارتھک-ترنگاں نوں قدرت دے اک سہج-سمجھ والی تصویر دے طور تے دیکھیا, جو ہیزنبرگ دے [[میٹرکس مکینکس]] توں الٹ سی, جسنوں اسنے ضرورت توں زیادہ رسمی منیا۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Einstein |first=A. |author2=''et. al''۔ |title=Letters on Wave Mechanics: Schrodinger–Planck–Einstein–Lorentz |url= }}</ref> شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن {{math|''Ψ''}} دے سبھاء دا ویروا دندی اے پر اسدی [[فطرت]] بارے کجھ نہیں دسدی۔ شروڈنجر نے اپنے چوتھے پیپر وچ اک چارج ڈینسٹی دے طور تے اسدی وضاحت کرن دی کوشش کیتی, پر ناکام رہا۔<ref name=Moore1992>{{cite book |last=Moore |first=W.J. |year=1992 |title=Schrdinger: Life and Thought |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-43767-9 }}</ref>{{rp|219}} 1926 وچ, شروڈنجر دے چوتھے اتے آخری پیپر دے چھپن توں صرف کجھ دناں بعد ہی, [[میکس بورن]] نے سپھلتاپوروک [[پروبیبلٹی اینپلیٹیوڈ]] دے طور تے {{math|''Ψ''}} دی وضاحت کیتی, جسدا خالص سکئیئر [[پروبیبلٹی ڈینسٹی فنکشن|پروبیبلٹی ڈینسٹی]] برابر ہندا اے۔<ref name=Moore1992 />{{rp|220}} شروڈنجر, بھاویں, ہمیشاں ہی- زیادہتر آئینسٹائین وانگر- کسے سٹیٹسٹیکل جاں پروبیبلسٹک نظریہ دا اسدے نال متعلق [[ویو فنکشن کولیپس|انرنتراواں]] سمیت خلاف کردا رہا سی, جسدا (آئینسٹائین دا) یعقین سی کہ کوانٹم مکینکس کسے پچھے چھپی [[ڈٹرمینزم|ڈٹرمنسٹک تھیوری]] پرتِ اک سٹیٹسٹیکل سنکھیپیؤ ہے- اتے کدے وی [[کوپنہاگن وضاحت]] نال میل ملاپ نہ کیتا۔{{#tag:ref |It is clear that even in his last year of life, as shown in a letter to Max Born, that Schrdinger never accepted the Copenhagen interpretation.<ref name=Moore1992 />{{rp|220}}}} لئس ڈی بروگلی نے اپنے بعد دے سالاں وچ [[ڈی بروگلو-بوہم تھیوری]] ترقی یافتہ کردے ہوئے, کسے انوپاتی ستھرانک راہیں کمپلیکس ویو فنکشن نال جڑیا اک اصلی ملّ والا [[ویو فنکشن]] پیش کیتا۔ == کناں لئی ترنگ مساوات == {{Main|ویو-پارٹیکل ڈیولٹی}} شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اک [[ڈفیوزن مساوات]] ہندی اے,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Takahisa Okino|title=Correlation between Diffusion Equation and Schrdinger Equation|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.45088|journal=Journal of Modern Physics|year=2013|issue=4|pages=612–615}}</ref> جسدے حل اجیاے فنکشن ہندے ہن جو ترنگ-ورگیاں گتیاں درساؤندے ہن۔ فزکس اندرلیاں ترنگ سمیکرناں ([[ویو اکئیشن]]اں) عامطور تیہور بھوتکی اصولاں توں ویونتبند ہندیاں ہن- سٹرنگاں اتے اتے مادہ وچ [[کمپن|مکینیکل کمپناں]] لئی ویو اکیوئیشن نوں [[نیوٹن دے نیم]]اں توں ویونتبند کیتا جا سکدا اے, جتھے ویو فنکشن مادہ دا [[ڈسپلیسمینٹ (ویکٹر)|وستھاپن]] پرسعنصر کردا اے, اتے [[میکسویلّ اکئیشناں]] توں [[الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ترنگاں]] ویونتبند کیتیاں جا سکدیاں ہن, جتھے [[ویو فنکشن]] [[الیکٹرک فیلڈ|الیکٹرک]] اتے [[چمبکی فیلڈ]]اں ہندے ہن۔ دوجے پاسے, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن لئی ادھار, سسٹم دی توانائی ہندی اے اتے اک وکھری [[کوانٹم مکینکس دی گنتک فارمولا ویونتبندی#ک مکینکس دے سوے-سدھ اصول|کوانٹم مکینکس دا سوے-سدھ اصول]] ہندا اے: [[ویو فنکشن]] [[سسٹم]] دا اک ویروا ہندا اے۔<ref name="Quantum Chemistry 1977">Molecular Quantum Mechanics Parts I and II: An Introduction to Quantum Chemistry (Volume 1), P.W. Atkins, Oxford University Press, 1977, {{isbn|0-19-855129-0}}</ref> اسطراں شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اپنے آپ وچ اک نویں دھارنا ہندی اے؛ جویں پھیئنمن اس بارے کہندا اے: {{cquote|اسیں اوہ (مساوات) کتھوں حاصل کیتی؟ کتوں وی نہیں۔ اسنوں کتوں اجیہی چیز توں ویونتبند کرنا ممکن ہی نہیں اے جو چیز وی تسیں جاندے ہووو۔ ایہہ شروڈنجر دے دماغ دی اپج اے۔|20px|20px|رچرڈ پھیئنمن<ref>دی نیو کوانٹم یونیورس, T.Hey, P.Walters, Cambridge University Press, 2009, {{isbn|978-0-521-56457-1}}</ref>}} اکیوئیشن دی بنیاد کلاسیکل توانائی سرکھئتا اتے مشتمل کسے ریکھک ڈفرینشیئل اکیوئیشن ہون پرتِ رچی گئی اے, اتے ایہہ ڈی بروگلی تعلقاں دے مطابق اے۔ حل ویو فنکشن {{math|''ψ''}} اے, جو اوہ ساری جانکاری رکھدا اے جو وی سسٹم بابت جانیا جا سکدا ہووے۔ [[کوپنہاگن وضاحت]] اندر, {{math|''ψ''}} دا [[موڈولس]] اجیاے کناں دی [[پروبیبلٹی]] نال متعلق ہندا اے جو, وقت دے کسے پل اتے کسے سپیشیئل (مقامی) بنتر وچ ہدے ہن۔ {{math|''ψ''}} لئی اکیوئیشن نوں حل کرن دی ورتوں ایہہ انومانت کرن لئی کیتی جا سکدی اے کہ اک دوجے نال اتے خاص پٹینشل دے اثر ماتحت کن کویں ورتاؤ کرنگے۔ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اصولی طور تے [[ڈی بروگلی پرسوچ]] توں ترقی یافتہ کیتی گئی سی, جو اک اجیہی ویو اکیوئیشن اے جو کناں نوں درسا سکدی اے,<ref name="Quanta 1974">Quanta: A handbook of concepts, P.W. Atkins, Oxford University Press, 1974, {{isbn|0-19-855493-1}}</ref> اتے غیر-رسمی طور تے اگے لکھے حصیاں وچ دکھائے وانگ رچی جا سکدی اے۔<ref name="Molecules, B.H. Bransden 1983">Physics of Atoms and Molecules, B.H. Bransden, C.J.Joachain, Longman, 1983, {{isbn|0-582-44401-2}}</ref> شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دے اک ہور زیادہ ٹھوس تذکرہ لئی Resnick ''et al''۔<ref name="Atoms, Molecules 1985" /> وی دیکھو۔ === توانائی سرکھئتا نال انوکولتا === کسے کن دی کل توانائی {{math|''E''}} [[کائینیٹک توانائی]] {{math|''T''}} اتے [[ستھتک توانائی]] {{math|''V''}} دے جوڑ برابر ہندی اے, ایہہ جوڑپھل [[کلاسیکل مکینکس]] اندر [[ہیملٹونیئن مکینکس#بنیادی بھوتکی وضاحت|ہیملٹونیئن]] {{math|''H''}} لئی اکثر ورتی جاندی مساوات وی اے: :<math>E = T + V =H \,\!</math> واضع روپ وچ, اک [[ایام]] وچ [[پوزیشن]] {{math|''x''}}, [[پنج]] {{math|''m''}} اتے [[مومینٹم]] {{math|''p''}} اتے [[پٹینشل توانائی]] {{math|''V''}} والے کسے کن لئی, جو عامطور تے [[ہارمونک فنکشن|پوزیشن]] اتے [[ٹائم]] {{math|''t''}} نال بدلدا رہندا اے: :<math> E = \frac{p^2}{2m}+V(x,t)=H.</math> تن ایاماں لئی, [[پوزیشن ویکٹر]] {{math|'''r'''}} اتے مومینٹم [[ویکٹر]] {{math|'''p'''}} ضرور ہی ورتے جانے چاہیدے ہن: :<math>E = \frac{\mathbf{p}\cdot\mathbf{p}}{2m}+V(\mathbf{r},t)=H</math> ایہہ فارمولا ویونتبندی کناں دے کسے وی پھکس کیتے نمبر تک ودھائی جا سکدی اے: سسٹم دی کل توانائی پھیر کناں دیاں کل کائینیٹک اورجاواں اتے کل پٹینشل اورجاواں دا جوڑ ہندا اے, جو پھیر توں [[ہیملٹونیئن]] بن جاندا اے۔ پھیر وی, کناں درمیان [[پرسپر کریاواں#فزکس|پرسپر کریاواں]] ہو سکدیاں ہن (اک [[مینی بوڈی پروبلم|{{math|''N''}}-بوڈی مسئلہ]]), تاں جو پٹینشل توانائی {{math|''V''}} کناں دی سپیشیئل بنتر بدلن نال بدل جاندی اے, اتے ممکن طور تے ویلے دے بدلن نال وی بدل جاندی اے۔ پٹینشل توانائی, عامطور تے, ہریک کن لئی وکھریاں پٹینشل اورجاواں دا جوڑ نہیں ہندی, سگوں ایہہ کناں دیاں ساریاں [[سپیشیئل]] [[پوزیشن]]اں دا اک [[فنکشن]] ہندی اے۔ واضع روپ وچ: :<math>E=\sum_{n=1}^N \frac{\mathbf{p}_n\cdot\mathbf{p}_n}{2m_n} + V(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2\cdots\mathbf{r}_N,t) = H \,\!</math> === ریکھکتا (لینیئرٹی) === آسان ترین [[ویو فنکشن]] اس قسم دی اک [[پلین ویو]] ہندا اے: :<math> \Psi(\mathbf{r},t) = A e^{i(\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{r}-\omega t)} \,\!</math> جتھے؛ *{{math|''A''}} [[اینپلیٹیوڈ]] ہندا اے, *{{math|'''k'''}} [[ویو-ویکٹر]] ہندا اے, اتے *{{math|''ω''}} [[پلین ویو]] دی اینگلر [[پھریکئینسی]] ہندی اے۔ عامطور تے, بھوتکی پرحالات پلین ترنگاں راہیں خالص طور تے نہیں درسائیاں جاندیاں, اسلئی سرو سدھاریکرن لئی [[سپرپجیشن پرنسپل]] دی لوڑ پیندی اے؛ سائینسوآئڈل پلین ترنگاں دی سپرپجیشن راہیں کوئی وی ترنگ بنائی جا سکدی اے۔ اسلئی جیکر اکیوئیشن لینیئر ہووے, تاں پلین ترنگاں دا اک [[لینیئر میل]] وی اک پروانت حل ہندا اے۔ اسے کرکے اک لازمی اتے وکھری لوڑ ایہہ رہندی اے کہ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اک [[لینیئر ڈفرینشیئل اکویئیشن]] راے۔ اجاری {{math|'''k'''}} لئی, جوڑ, پلین ترنگاں دی اک [[سپرپجیشن اصول#ترنگاں پرتِ ورتوں|سپرپجیشن]] ہندا اے: :<math> \Psi(\mathbf{r},t) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty A_n e^{i(\mathbf{k}_n\cdot\mathbf{r}-\omega_n t)} \,\!</math> کجھ اصلی اینپلیٹیوڈ گنانکاں {{math|''A_n''}} لئی, اتے جاری {{math|'''k'''}} لئی, جوڑ اک انٹگرل بن جاندا اے, جو کسے [[مومینٹم]] [[سپیس]] [[ویو فنکشن]] دا [[پھوریئر ٹرانسپھورم]] ہندا اے:<ref name="Quantum Mechanics Demystified 2006">Quantum Mechanics Demystified, D. McMahon, Mc Graw Hill (USA), 2006, {{isbn|0-07-145546-9}}</ref> :<math> \Psi(\mathbf{r},t) = \frac{1}{(\sqrt{2\pi})^3}\int\Phi(\mathbf{k})e^{i(\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{r}-\omega t)}d^3\mathbf{k} \,\!</math> جتھے {{math|''d''³'''k''' {{=}} ''dk_xdk_ydk_z''}} [[مومینٹم سپیس|{{math|'''k'''}}-سپیس]] وچ ڈفرینشیئل وولیؤم ایلیمینٹ ہندا اے, اتے انٹگرل ساری {{math|'''k'''}}-سپیس تے قبضہ کر لیندے ہن۔ مومینٹم ویو فنکشن {{math|''Φ''('''k''')}} انٹیگرینڈ وچ پیدا ہو جاندے ہن کیونکہ پوزیشن اتے مومینٹم سپیس ویو فنکشن اک دوجے دے [[پھوریئر ٹرانسپھورم]] ہی ہندے ہن۔ === ڈی-برگولِ تعلقاں نال انوکولتا === [[File:Wavefunction values.svg|300px|"300px"|thumb|[[ویو فنکشن]] نال متعلق ماتراواں دا اک چتراتمک سارانش, جویں ڈی بروگلی دی پرسوچ اتے شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دے ترقی وچ ورتیا گیا اے۔<ref name="Quanta 1974" />]] [[فوٹو-الیکٹرک اثر|اکیوئیشن دی لائیٹ کوانٹا پرسوچ]] (1905) بیان کردی اے کہ کسے [[فوٹون]] دی [[توانائی]] {{math|''E''}} متعلق پرکاش دے کوانٹم [[ویو-پیکٹ]] دی [[فریکیوئینسی]] {{math|''ν''}} (جاں [[اینگلر فریکیوئینسی]], {{math|''ω'' {{=}} 2{{pi}}''ν''}}) دے انوپاتی ہندا اے: :<math>E = h\nu = \hbar \omega \,\!</math> اسیتراں [[مادہ ترنگ|ڈی بروگلی دی پرسوچ]] (1924) بیان کردی اے کہ کوئی وی کن کسے ترنگ نال جوڑیا (سبدھت کیتا) جا سکدا اے, اتے کن دا مومینٹم {{math|''p''}} اک ایام وچ اجیہی کسے ترنگ دی [[ترنگ-لمبائی]] {{math|''λ''}} دے اس راہیں الٹ-انپاتی ہندا اے (جاں [[ویو-نمبر]], {{math|''k'' {{=}} {{sfrac|2π|''λ''}}}} دے انوپاتی ہندا اے): :<math>p = \frac{h}{\lambda} = \hbar k\;,</math> جدونکھ تن ایاماں اندر, [[ویولینتھ]] {{math|''λ''}} [[ویو-ویکٹر]] {{math|'''k'''}} دے ملّ نال متعلق ہندی اے: :<math>\mathbf{p} = \hbar \mathbf{k}\,,\quad |\mathbf{k}| = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda} \,. </math> پلینک-آئینسٹائین اتے ڈی بروگلِ تعلق توانائی دے ویلے نال, اتے سپیس دے مومینٹم نال, درمیان گہرے سمپرکاں تے روشنی پاؤندے ہن, اتے [[ویو-پارٹیکل ڈیولٹی]] سمیکرنبدھّ کردے ہن۔ مشق وچ, {{math|''ħ'' {{=}} 1}} والیاں [[قدرتی یونٹاں]] ورتیاں جاندیاں ہن, کیونکہ ڈی بروگلی سمیکرناں آئڈینٹٹیاں تک گھٹ جاندیاں ہن: تے مومینٹم, ویو-آبادی, توانائی اتے پھریکئینسی نوں آپس وچ وٹا کے ورت ہون دی آگیا دندیاں ہن, تاں جو ماتراواں دی نقل (ڈپلیکیشن) روکی جا سکے, اتے متعلق ماتراواں دے ایاماں دی گنتی گھٹ سکے۔ جان-پچھان لئی اس لیکھ وچ اجے وی SI یونٹاں ورتیاں گئیاں ہن۔ شروڈنجر دی گہری سمجھ,{{citation needed|date=جنوری 2014}} نے 1925 دے اخیر وچ, ایہناں تعلقاں نوں ورتدے ہوئے اک [[کمپلیکس نمبر|کمپلیکس]] [[فیز پھیکٹر]] دے طور تے لوسے [[پلین ویو]] دے [[فیز (ترنگاں)|فیز]] نوں سمیکرنبدھّ کرنا سی: :<math>\Psi = Ae^{i(\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{r}-\omega t)} = Ae^{i(\mathbf{p}\cdot\mathbf{r}-Et)/\hbar} </math> اتے ایہہ محسوس کرنا سی۔ کہ پہلے درجے دے [[انشک ڈیریوٹو]] ایہہ سن: سپیس دے حوالہ وچ: :<math> \nabla\Psi = \dfrac{i}{\hbar}\mathbf{p}Ae^{i(\mathbf{p}\cdot\mathbf{r}-Et)/\hbar} = \dfrac{i}{\hbar}\mathbf{p}\Psi </math> ویلے دے حوالہ وچ: :<math> \dfrac{\partial \Psi}{\partial t} = -\dfrac{i E}{\hbar} Ae^{i(\mathbf{p}\cdot\mathbf{r}-Et)/\hbar} = -\dfrac{i E}{\hbar} \Psi </math> [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] دا اک ہور سوے-سدھ اصول ایہہ اے کہ سارے [[اؤبزرویبل]]اں نوں [[ریکھک اوپریٹر|لینیئر]] [[سیلپھ-اڈجوآئنٹ اوپریٹر|ہرمشن اوپریٹراں]] نال پرسعنصر کیتا جاندا اے جو [[ویو فنکشن]] اتے کریا کردے ہن, اتے [[اوپریٹر]] دے [[آئیگن-ملّ]] اوہ ملّ ہندے ہن جو اؤبزرویبل لیندے ہن۔ پچھلے ڈیریوٹو, سماں ڈیریویٹو نال متعلق ہندے ہوئے [[توانائی اوپریٹر]] دے مطابق ہندے ہن, :<math>\hat{E} \Psi = i\hbar\dfrac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi = E\Psi </math> جتھے {{math|''E''}} توانائی [[آئیگنملّ]] ہندے ہن, اتے ہیٹھاں دتے سپیشیئل ڈیریویٹواں ([[ڈیل|گریڈیئنٹ]] {{math|∇}}) نال متعلق [[مومینٹم اوپریٹر]] ہندے ہن, جتھے {{math|'''p'''}} مومینٹم آئیگنملاں دا اک ویکٹر ہندا اے۔ :<math>\hat{\mathbf{p}} \Psi = -i\hbar\nabla \Psi = \mathbf{p} \Psi </math> جتھے {{math|'''p'''}}, [[مومینٹم آئیگن-ملّ]]اں دا اک [[ویکٹر]] ہندا اے۔ اپروکت وچ, "[[سرکیومپھلیکس|ہیٹ]]" ( {{math|ˆ}} ) اشارہ کردا اے کہ ایہہ [[اؤبزرویبل]] [[اوپریٹر]] ہندے ہن, آسان طور تے عام سنکھیاواں جاں ویکٹر نہیں ہندے۔ توانائی اتے مومینٹم اوپریٹر [[ڈفرینشیئل اوپریٹر]] ہندے ہن, جدونکھ پٹینشل توانائی فنکشن {{math|''V''}} صرف اک گناتمک حصہ ہی ہندا اے۔ [[کلاسیکل]] [[توانائی]] سرکھئتا اکیوئیشن وچ توانائی اتے مومینٹم اوپریٹراں نوں بھردے ہوئے ایہہ اوپریٹر حاصل ہندا اے: :<math>E= \dfrac{\mathbf{p}\cdot\mathbf{p}}{2m}+V \quad \rightarrow \quad \hat{E} = \dfrac{\hat{\mathbf{p}}\cdot\hat{\mathbf{p}}}{2m} + V </math> اسلئی ٹائم اتے سپیس دے حوالہ وچ ڈیریویٹواں دے اصولاں وچ, [[ویو فنکشن]] {{math|''Ψ''}} اتے اس اوپریٹر دی کریا نے شروڈنجر نوں ترنت ہی اسدی اکیوئیشن پرتِ پریرنا دتی:{{citation needed|date=جنوری 2014}} :<math>i\hbar\dfrac{\partial \Psi}{\partial t}= -\dfrac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2\Psi +V\Psi</math> ترنگ-کن دوہریپن نوں ایہناں اکئیشناں توں اگے لکھے طریقے نال اکٹھا کیتا جا سکدا اے۔ [[کائینیٹک توانائی]] {{math|''T''}} مومینٹم {{math|'''p'''}} دے طبقہ نال متعلق ہندی اے۔ جویں ہی کن دا مومینٹم ودھ جاندا اے, اوویں ہی کائینیٹک توانائی ہور تیزی نال ودھ جاندی اے, پر کیونکہ ویو-نمبر {{math|{{!}}'''k'''{{!}}}} ودھ جاندا اے, اسلئی نال ترنگ-لمبائی {{math|''λ''}} گھٹ جاندی اے۔ عام سکیلر اتے ویکٹر ماتراواں (اوپریٹر نہیں) دی بولی وچ: :<math> \mathbf{p}\cdot\mathbf{p} \propto \mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{k} \propto T \propto \dfrac{1}{\lambda^2}</math> کائینیٹک توانائی دوجی سپیشیئل ڈیریویٹواں دے انوپاتی وی ہندی اے, اسلئی ایہہ ایہناں اوپریٹراں دے اصولاں وچ, ترنگ دے [[کرویچر]] دے میگنیٹیوڈ دے وی انوپاتی ہندی اے: :<math> \hat{T} \Psi = \frac{-\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla\cdot\nabla \Psi \, \propto \, \nabla^2 \Psi \,.</math> جویں جویں کرویچر ودھدا جاندا اے, ترنگ دا اینپلیٹیوڈ پوزٹو اتے نیگٹو درمیان ہور تیزی نال تبدیل ہندا جاندا اے, اتے ترنگ-لمبائی نوں وی گھٹاؤندا جاندا اے۔ اسلئی مومینٹم اتے ترنگ-لمبائی درمیان الٹ تعلق, کن ولوں رکھی جاندی توانائی دے مطابق ہندا اے, اتے اسلئی کن دی توانائی کسے ترنگ, نال اسے گنتک فارمولا ویونتبندی وچ سارا رابطہ رکھدی اے۔<ref name="Quanta 1974" /> === ترنگ اتے کن رفتار === {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Quantum mechanics travelling wavefunctions.svg | caption1 = [[ویوپیکٹ]] لوکلائزیشن دے ودھ راے لیول, جہناں دا مطلب اے کہ کن اک ہور زیادہ ستھانبدھّ پوزیشن رکھدا اے۔ | width1 = 400 | image2 = Perfect localization.svg | caption2 = حد ''ħ'' → 0 وچ, کن دی پوزیشن اتے مومینٹم خالص طور تے معلوم بن جاندے ہن۔ ایہہ کلاسیکل کن دے سامان اے۔ | width2 = 150 }} شروڈنجر نے منگ کیتی کہ پوزیشن {{math|'''r'''}} دے نیڑے,{{math|'''k'''}} نزدیک ویو-ویکٹر نال, اک [[ویو-پیکٹ]] حل, کلاسیکل مکینکس راہیں مقرر وکرت رستے دے نال نال رفتار کرنگے جو {{math|'''k'''}} وچ پھلار لئی گھٹ ویلے واسطے ہندے ہن (اتے اسے کرکے ولوسٹی وچ) جو {{math|'''r'''}} وچ پھیلے پھلار نوں کافی حد تک ودھاؤن لئی نہیں ہندے۔ کیونکہ, {{math|'''k'''}} وچ کسے دتے ہوئے پھلار لئی, ولوسٹی وچ پھلار پلینک دے ستھرانک {{math|''ħ''}} پرتِ انوپاتی ہندے ہن, تاں ایہہ کدے کدے کیہا جاندا اے کہ {{math|''ħ''}} دے صفر تک پہنچن تک دی حد وچ, کلاسیکل مکینکس دیاں اکئیشناں [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] توں دوبارہ سٹور ہو جاندیاں ہن۔<ref name="Analytical Mechanics 2008">Analytical Mechanics, L.N. Hand, J.D. Finch, Cambridge University Press, 2008, {{isbn|978-0-521-57572-0}}</ref> ایہہ حد کویں اتے کہڑے معاملیاں وچ لینی چاہیدی اے, بہت ساودھانی منگدی اے۔ محدود چھوٹی ترنگلمبائی صفر ہو راے {{math|''ħ''}} سامان ہندی اے کیونکہ ایہہ کن دی مقررہ پوزیشن پرتِ ویو-پیکٹ لوکلائزیشن ودھاؤن دا محدود معاملہ ہندا اے (سجے پاسے والی تصویر دیکھو)۔ پوزیشن اتے مومینٹم لئی [[ہیزنبرگ انشچتتا اصول[[ ورتدے ہوئے, پوزیشن اتے مومینٹم وچ انشچتتا زیرو بن جاندی اے جیوں ہی {{math|''ħ'' → 0}} پہنچدا اے: :<math> \sigma(x) \sigma(p_x) \geqslant \frac{\hbar}{2} \quad \rightarrow \quad \sigma(x) \sigma(p_x) \geqslant 0 \,\!</math> جتھے {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''x''}} اتے {{math|''p_x''}} (اتے اسیتراں {{math|''y''}} اتے {{math|''z''}}-سمتاں واسطے وی) وچ (روٹ مین سکئیئر) [[ناپ انشچتتا]] درساؤندا اے, جسدا مطلب اے پوزیشن اتے مومینٹم اس حد وچ صرف کسے منچاہی شدھتا تک ہی معلوم ہو سکدے ہن۔ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اپنی جنرل قسم, :<math> i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \Psi\left(\mathbf{r},t\right) = \hat{H} \Psi\left(\mathbf{r},t\right) \,\!</math> وچ [[ہیملٹن-جیکبی اکویئیشن]] (HJE) نال نزدیکی طور تے متعلق ہندی اے؛ :<math> \frac{\partial}{\partial t} S(q_i,t) = H\left(q_i,\frac{\partial S}{\partial q_i},t \right) \,\!</math> جتھے؛ *{{math|''S''}} [[ایکشن (فزکس)|ایکشن]] ہندا اے, اتے *{{math|''H''}} [[ہیملٹونیئن مکینکس|ہیملٹونیئن فنکشن]] ہندا اے (اوپریٹر نہیں ہندا)۔ اتھے [[سرو عام کیتے ہوئے نردیشانک]] {{math|''q_i''}}, {{math|''i'' {{=}} 1, 2, 3}} لئی (ہیملٹن-جیکبی اکیوئیشن دے حوالہ وچ ورتے جاندے) کارٹیزیئن نردیشانکاں (کوآرڈینیٹاں) وچ {{math|'''r''' {{=}} (''q''₁, ''q''₂, ''q''₃) {{=}} (''x'', ''y'', ''z'')}}<ref name="Analytical Mechanics 2008" /> دے طور تے پوزیشن پرتِ سیٹ کیتے جا سکدے ہن۔ :<math> \Psi = \sqrt{\rho(\mathbf{r},t)} e^{iS(\mathbf{r},t)/\hbar}\,\!</math> نوں شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن وچ بھردے ہوئے, جتھے {{math|''ρ''}} پروبیبلٹی ڈینسٹی ہندی اے, اتے نتیجن اکیوئیشن وچ {{math|''ħ'' → 0}} والی حد لیندے ہوئے, ہیملٹن-جیکبی اکیوئیشن ملدی اے۔ نتیجے ایہہ رہندے ہن: * کسے کن دی رفتار, جو شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن پرتِ (گھٹ ترنگ لمبائی والے) ویو پیکٹ ہلاں راہیں درسائی جاندی ہووے, رفتار دی ہیملٹن-جیکبی اکیوئیشن راہیں وی درسائی جاندی اے۔ * شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن [[ویو فنکشن]] شامل کردی اے, اسلئی اسدے ویو پیکٹ حل توں مطلب اے کہ کسے (کوانٹم) کن دی پوزیشن ترنگ پھرنٹاں وچ دھندلے طور تے پھیلی ہندی اے۔ اسدے برخلاف, ہیملٹن-جیکبی اکیوئیشن مقررہ پوزیشن اتے مومینٹم والے کسے (کلاسیکل) کن اتے لاگوُ ہندی اے, نہ کہ سارے سمیاں (وکرت رستیاں) اتے پوزیشن اتے مومینٹم نردھارتمک ہون اتے اکٹھے معلوم ہو سکن والے ہون۔ == غیر-ساپیکھک کوانٹم مکینکس == [[سپیشل رلیٹیوٹی]] دے اثراں نوں لئے بگیر کناں دا [[کوانٹم مکینکس]], اداہرن دے طور تے, [[پرکاش دی سپیڈ]] توں بہت گھٹ سپیڈاں اتے سنچارت ہو راے کناں دا کوانٹم مکینکس, [[غیر-ساپیکھک کوانٹم مکینکس]] کیہا جاندا جاندا اے۔ وکھریاں پرحالات لئی اس حوالہ وچ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دیاں کئی قسماں اگے لکھیاں ہن: سماں-آزاد اتے سماں-انحصار, اک اتے تن سپیشیئل ایام, اتے اک اتے {{math|''N''}} کن۔ اصلی وچ, سسٹم رچن والے کن تھیوری وچ سنکھئک نام نہیں رکھدے۔ گنت دی بولی سانوں کناں دی پوزیشن دا اک جاں دوجے طریقے نال نامکرن کرن لئی مجبور کردی اے, نہیں تاں کہڑے کن واسطے کہڑے استھرانک پرسعنصر کرن والے چنہ ہندے ہن, درمیان, گلتوہمی ہو سکدی اے۔<ref name="Atoms, Molecules 1985">Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles (2nd Edition), R. Resnick, R. Eisberg, John Wiley & Sons, 1985, {{isbn|978-0-471-87373-0}}</ref> === وقت آزاد === جیکر [[ہیملٹونیئن]] وقت دا کوئی واضع فنکشن نہ ہووے, تاں مساوات سپیشیئل اتے [[ٹینپورل]] حصیاں وچ [[استھرانکاں دا نکھیڑ|نکھیڑنیوگ]] ہندی اے۔ عامطور تے, [[ویو فنکشن]] ایہہ روپ لے لیندا اے: :<math>\Psi(\text{space coords},t)=\psi(\text{space coords})\tau(t)\,.</math> جتھے {{math|''ψ''(سپیس نردیشانک)}} صرف سسٹم نوں رچن والے کناں دے سارے سپیشیئل نردیشانکاں (کوآرڈینیٹاں) دا اک [[فنکشن]] ہندا اے, اتے {{math|''τ''(''t'')}} صرف وقت دا ہی اک فنکشن ہندا اے۔ {{math|''&psi؛''}} نوں شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن وچ متعلق ایاماں دی آبادی وچ کناں دی متعلق آبادی لئی بھردے ہوئے, [[استھرانکاں دے نکھیڑ]] راہیں حل کرن توں مطلب اے سماں-انحصار مساوات دا عامَ حل ایہہ قسم دا ہندا ہندا اے:<ref name="verlagsgesellschaft1991" /> :<math> \Psi(\text{space coords},t) = \psi(\text{space coords}) e^{-i{E t/\hbar}} \,.</math> کیونکہ سماں-انحصار فیز پھیکٹر ہمیشاں ہی اوہی رہندا اے, اسلئی صرف سپیشیئل حصیاں نوں ہی سماں-آزاد سمسیاواں لئی حل کرن دی لوڑ پیندی اے۔ اسدے نال ہی, توانائی اوپریٹر {{math|'''' {{=}} ''iħ''{{sfrac|∂|∂''t''}}}} ہمیشاں ہی توانائی آئیگن-ملّ {{math|''E''}} ولوں بدل دتے جانے چاہیدے ہن, جس کارن سماں-آزاد شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن [[ہیملٹونیئن اوپریٹر]] لئی اک [[آئیگن-ملّ]] اکیوئیشن ہندی اے:<ref name=Shankar1994 />{{rp|143ff}} :<math>\hat{H} \psi = E \psi </math> ایہہ کسے گنتی دے ایاماں (کسے سماں-آزاد پٹینشل وچ) وچ کسے گنتی دے کناں لئی سچ اے۔ ایہہ معاملہ سماں-انحصار اکیوئیشن دے [[سٹینڈنگ ترنگ]] ہلاں نوں درساؤندا اے, جو (وکھریاں اورجاواں دی کسے پروبیبلٹی وستھار-ونڈ دی بجائے) مقررہ توانائی والیاں حالتاں ہندیاں ہن۔ [[فزکس]] وچ, ایہناں سٹینڈنگ ترنگاں نوں [[سٹیشنری حالت]]واں جاں [[توانائی آئیگن-حالت]]واں کیہا جاندا اے؛ [[کیمیا وگیاب]] وچ ایہناں نوں [[ایٹومک اؤربٹل]] جاں [[مولیکیولر اؤربٹل]] کیہا جاندا اے۔ توانائی آئیگن-حالتاں دیاں سپرپجیشناں ایہناں دیاں خاصیتاں نوں توانائی لیولاں درمیان ساپیکھک پھیزاں مطابق بدل دندیاں ہن۔ اس اکیوئیشن توں توانائی آئیگن-ملّ قیمتاں دا اک اجاری [[سپیکٹرم (فنکشنل تجزیہ)|سپیکٹرم]] رچدے ہن, اسلئی گنتک طور تے, توانائی ضرور ہی کوانٹائز ہونی چاہیدی اے۔ ہور خاص طور تے, توانائی آئیگن-حالتاں اک بیسس رچدیاں ہن- کوئی وی ویو فنکشن اجاری توانائی حالتاں اپر کسے جوڑ دے طور تے جاں جاری توانائی حالتاں اپر کسے انٹگرل دے طور تے لکھیا جا سکدا اے, جاں ہور سرو عام طور تے, کسے ناپ اپر کسے انٹگرل دے طور تے لکھیا جا سکدا اے۔ ایہہ [[گنت]] وچ [[سپیکٹرل تھیورم]] ہندی اے, اتے کسے محدود حالت سپیس اندر, ایہہ صرف [[ہرمشن میٹرکس]] دے آئیگن-ویکٹراں دی سمپورنتا دی اک سٹیٹمینٹ ہندی اے۔ === اک-ایامی اداہرن === اک ایام اندرلے کسے کن لئی, ہیملٹونیئن ایہہ ہندا اے: :<math> \hat{H} = \frac{\hat{p}^2}{2m} + V(x) \,, \quad \hat{p} = -i\hbar \frac{d}{d x} </math> اتے اسنوں سرو عام شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن وچ بھرن تے ایہہ ملدا اے: :<math> -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{d^2}{d x^2}\psi(x) + V(x)\psi(x) = E\psi(x) </math> ایہہ اکو اک معاملہ ہی ہندا اے جس وچ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اک [[اشک ڈیریویٹو|انشک]] ڈفرینشیئل اکیوئیشن ہون نالوں, اک [[عام ڈیریویٹو|عام]] ڈفرینشیئل اکیوئیشن ہندی اے۔ جنرل حل ہمیشاں ہی اس قسم دے ہندے ہن: :<math> \Psi(x,t)=\psi(x) e^{-iEt/\hbar} \, . </math> اک ایام اندرلے {{math|''N''}} کناں لئی, ہیملٹونیئن ایہہ ہندا اے: :<math> \hat{H} = \sum_{n=1}^{N}\frac{\hat{p}_n^2}{2m_n} + V(x_1,x_2,\cdots x_N) \,,\quad \hat{p}_n = -i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial x_n}</math> جتھے کن {{math|''n''}} دی [[پوزیشن]] {{math|''x_n''}} ہندی اے۔ متعلق شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ایہہ ہندی اے: :<math> -\frac{\hbar^2}{2}\sum_{n=1}^{N}\frac{1}{m_n}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_n^2}\psi(x_1,x_2,\cdots x_N) + V(x_1,x_2,\cdots x_N)\psi(x_1,x_2,\cdots x_N) = E\psi(x_1,x_2,\cdots x_N) \, .</math> اسلئی عامَ حل اس قسم دے ہندے ہن: :<math> \Psi(x_1,x_2,\cdots x_N,t) = e^{-iEt/\hbar}\psi(x_1,x_2\cdots x_N) </math> غیر-پرسپر کریاواں کردے نکھیڑنیوگ کناں لئی,<ref>{{cite book|author=N. Zettili|title=Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications|edition=2nd|page=458|isbn=978-0-470-02679-3}}</ref> سسٹم دا پٹینشل صرف ہریک کن نوں وکھرے طور تے متاثر کردا اے, اسلئی کل پٹینشل توانائی ہریک کن لئی پٹینشل اورجاواں دا جوڑ ہندی اے: :<math> V(x_1,x_2,\cdots x_N) = \sum_{n=1}^N V(x_n) \, .</math> اتے [[ویو فنکشن]] نوں ہریک [[کن]] لئی ویو فنکشناں دے کسے گننپھل دے روپ وچ لکھیا جا سکدا اے: :<math> \Psi(x_1,x_2,\cdots x_N,t) = e^{-i{E t/\hbar}}\prod_{n=1}^N\psi(x_n) \, ,</math> غیر-پرسپر کریاواں کردے [[اکو جاے کن]]اں لئی, پٹینشل, اجے وی اک جوڑ ہی رہندا اے, پر [[ویو فنکشن]] ذرا ہور زیادہ گنجھل دار ہندا ہے- ایہہ کن وٹاندرے لئی جمیوار ہندا ہویا, وکھرے ویو فنکشناں دے گننپھل دیاں [[پرمیوٹیشن]]اں اپر اک جوڑ ہو جاندا اے۔ عامطور وچ, پرسپر کریاواں کردے کناں لئی, اپروکت ویوجن ممکن نہیں ہندے۔ ==== آزاد کن ==== زیرو پٹینشل لئی, {{math|''V'' {{=}} 0}} ہندا اے, اسلئی کن آزاد ہندا اے اتے اکیوئیشن انجھ پڑدی اے:<ref name=Shankar1994 />{{rp|151ff}} :<math> - E \psi = \frac{\hbar^2}{2m}{d^2 \psi \over d x^2}\,</math> جو {{math|''E'' > 0}} ({{math|''C''_n}} منچااے ستھرانک ہندے ہن) لئی ڈولدے (اؤسیلیٹ کردے) ہلاں والی ہندی اے: :<math>\psi_E(x) = C_1 e^{i\sqrt{2mE/\hbar^2}\,x} + C_2 e^{-i\sqrt{2mE/\hbar^2}\,x}\,</math> اتے {{math|''E'' < 0}} لئی [[ایکپونینشیئل]] حل, :<math>\psi_{-|E|}(x) = C_1 e^{\sqrt{2m|E|/\hbar^2}\,x} + C_2 e^{-\sqrt{2m|E|/\hbar^2}\,x}.\,</math> ایکپونینشیئل طور تے ودھ راے حل اک اننت نورم رکھدے ہن, اتے بھوتکی نہیں ہندے۔ ایہہ پیریؤڈک جاں پھکس کیتیاں ہوئیاں سیماواں دیاں شرطاں والے کسے محدود حجم وچ پروانت نہیں ہندے۔ آزاد کن اتے ہور زیادہ چرچہ لئی [[آزاد کن]] اتے [[ویوپیکٹ]] دیکھو۔ ==== ستھر پٹینشل ==== [[File:EffetTunnel.gif|left|کسے بیریئر اتے سٹی کسے ڈی بروگلِ ترنگ دی اینیمیشن]] کسے ستھر پٹینشل لئی, *{{math|''V'' {{=}} ''V''₀}} ہندا اے, *{{math|''E'' > ''V''₀}} لئی, حل, اؤسیلیٹری ہدے ہن, اتے *{{math|''E'' < ''V''₀}} لئی ایکپونینشیئل ہندے ہن, جو اوہناں اورجاواں نال متعلق ہندے ہن جو [[کلاسیکل مکینکس]] وچ پروانت جاں اپروانت ہندیاں ہن۔ اؤسیلیٹری حل اک کلاسیکل طور تے پروانت توانائی والے ہندے ہن اتے اصلی کلاسیکل گتیاں نال سبدھّ رکھدے ہن, جدونکھ, ایکپونینشیئل حل اک اپروانت توانائی والے ہندے ہن اتے [[کوانٹم ٹنلنگ]] صدقہ, کلاسیکل طور تے اپروانت کھیتر وچ, کوانٹم بلیڈنگ دی اک چھوٹی مقدار نوں درساؤندے ہن۔ جیکر پٹینشل {{math|''V''₀}} اننت تک ودھ جاندا اے, تاں رفتار کلاسیکل طور تے کسے محدود کھیتر تک محدود ہو جاندی اے۔ بہت دور توں دیکھن تے, ہریک حل کسے ایکپونینشیئل تک گھٹ جاندا اے؛ حالت کہ ایکپونینشیئل گھٹدا جاندا اے, توانائی لیولاں نوں کسے اجاری سیٹ تک روک دندی اے, جہناں نوں پروانت اورجاواں کیہا جاندا اے۔<ref name="Quantum Mechanics Demystified 2006" /> {{Clear}} ==== ہارمونک اؤسیلیٹر ==== [[File:QuantumHarmonicOscillatorAnimation.gif|300px|thumb|right|[[کلاسیکل مکینکس]] (A-B) اتے [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] (C-H) اندر اک [[ہارمونک اؤسیلیٹر]], اک گیند, جو کسے [[ہکّ دا نیم|سپرنگ]] نال جڑی اے, پچھے اتے اگے ڈولدی اے۔ (C–H) اس پرحالت لئی [[شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ]] دے چھ حل ہن۔ ہوریزونٹل دھرا پوزیشن اے, ورٹیکل دھرا [[ویو فنکشن]] دا اصلی حصہ (نیلا) جاں خیالی حصہ (لال) اے۔ [[سٹیشنری حالت]]واں, جاں توانائی آئیگن-حالتاں, جو سماں-آزاد شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن پرتِ حل ہن, C, D, E, F وچ دکھائیاں گئیاں ہن, پر G جاں H وچ نہیں دکھائیاں گئیاں۔]] {{Main|کوانٹم ہارمونک اؤسیلیٹر}} اس پرحالت لئی شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ایہہ ہندی اے؛ :<math> E\psi = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{d^2}{d x^2}\psi + \frac{1}{2}m\omega^2x^2\psi </math> حل کرن لئی ایہہ اک دھیان یوگ کوانٹم سسٹم ہندا اے؛ کیونکہ حل صحیح (پر گنجھلدار- [[ہرمائیٹ پولینومیئل]]اں دی بولی وچ) ہندے ہن, اتے ایہہ [[مولیکیولر کمپن|کمپن کر راے ایٹماں, انوآں]] سمیت, ہور سسٹماں دی اک وڈا ویرائٹی نوں درسا سکدا اے جاں گھٹو-گھٹو مختصر کر سکدا اے<ref>Physical chemistry, P.W. Atkins, Oxford University Press, 1978, {{isbn|0-19-855148-7}}</ref> اتے لیٹساں وچ ایٹماں جاں آئناں نوں,<ref>Solid State Physics (2nd Edition), J.R. Hook, H.E. Hall, Manchester Physics Series, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, {{isbn|978-0-471-92804-1}}</ref> اتے سنتلن نقطےآں نزدیک ہور پٹینشلاں نوں مختصر کر سکدا اے۔ ایہہ [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] وچ [[پرچربیشن تھیوری (کوانٹم مکینکس)#پرچربیشن تھیوری دیاں ایپلیکیشناں|پرچربیشن طریقیاں دا ادھار]] وی ہندا اے۔ ہلاں دی اک پھیملی ہی ہندی ہے- پوزیشن بیسس وچ ایہہ حل ایہہ ہندے ہن؛ :<math> \psi_n(x) = \sqrt{\frac{1}{2^n\,n!}} \cdot \left(\frac{m\omega}{\pi \hbar}\right)^{1/4} \cdot e^{ - \frac{m\omega x^2}{2 \hbar}} \cdot H_n\left(\sqrt{\frac{m\omega}{\hbar}} x \right) </math> جتھے *{{math|''n'' {{=}} 0,1,2,۔.۔}} اے, اتے *فنکشن {{math|''H_n''}} [[ہرمائیٹ پولینومیئل]] ہندے ہن۔ === تنّ-ایامی اداہرناں === اک ایام توں تنّ-ایاماں تک دا پھلار سدھا ہی ہو جاندا اے, سارے پوزیشن اتے مومینٹم اوپریٹر اوہناں دیاں تنّ-ایامی سمیکرناں راہیں بدل دتیاں جاندیاں ہن اتے سپیس دے حوالہ وچ پارشل ڈیریویٹو [[گریڈیئنٹ]] اوپریٹر راہیں بدل دتا جاندا اے۔ تنّ-ایاماں وچ اک کن لئی [[ہیملٹونیئن]] ایہہ ہندا اے: :<math> \hat{H} = \frac{\hat{\mathbf{p}}\cdot\hat{\mathbf{p}}}{2m} + V(\mathbf{r}) \,, \quad \hat{\mathbf{p}} = -i\hbar \nabla </math> جو ایہہ اکیوئیشن پیدا کردا اے: :<math> -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2\psi(\mathbf{r}) + V(\mathbf{r})\psi(\mathbf{r}) = E\psi(\mathbf{r}) </math> جو اس قسم دے سٹیشنری حالت ہلاں والی ہندی اے: :<math> \Psi(\mathbf{r},t) = \psi(\mathbf{r}) e^{-iEt/\hbar} </math> جتھے کن دی پوزیشن {{math|'''r'''}} ہندی اے۔ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن حل کرن لئی دو لابھکاری “کو-آرڈینیٹ سسٹم” ایہہ ہن؛ *[[کارٹیزیئن نردیشانک]] جہناں وچ {{math|'''r''' {{=}} (''x'', ''y'', ''z'')}} رہندا اے, اتے *[[سپھیریکل پولر نردیشانکا]], جہناں وچ {{math|'''r''' {{=}} (''r'', ''θ'', ''φ'')}} ہندا اے۔ بے شکّ, ہور [[اؤرتھوگنل نردیشانک]] کجھ جیؤمیٹرک سمروپتاواں والے سسٹماں لئی اکیوئیشن نوں حل کرن لئی لابھکاری رہندے ہن۔ تن ایاماں اندر, {{math|''N''}} کناں لئی, ہیملٹونیئن ایہہ ہندا اے: :<math> \hat{H} = \sum_{n=1}^{N}\frac{\hat{\mathbf{p}}_n\cdot\hat{\mathbf{p}}_n}{2m_n} + V(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots\mathbf{r}_N) \,,\quad \hat{\mathbf{p}}_n = -i\hbar \nabla_n </math> جتھے؛ *کن {{math|''n''}} دی پوزیشن {{math|'''r'''_''n''}} ہندی اے, اتے *گریڈیئنٹ اوپریٹر کن دی پوزیشن دے نردیشانکاں (کوآرڈینیٹاں) پرتِ حوالہ وچ [[پارشل ڈیریوٹو]] ہندے ہن۔ کارٹیزیئن نردیشانکاں (کوآرڈینیٹاں) اندر, کن {{math|''n''}} لئی, پوزیشن ویکٹر {{math|'''r'''''_n'' {{=}} (''x_n'', ''y_n'', ''z_n'')}} ہندا اے۔ جدونکھ, [[گریڈیئنٹ]] اتے [[لیپلاسیئن اوپریٹر]] ترتیب وار ایہہ ہندے ہن: :<math>\nabla_n = \mathbf{e}_x \frac{\partial}{\partial x_n} + \mathbf{e}_y\frac{\partial}{\partial y_n} + \mathbf{e}_z\frac{\partial}{\partial z_n}\,,\quad \nabla_n^2 = \nabla_n\cdot\nabla_n = \frac{\partial^2}{{\partial x_n}^2} + \frac{\partial^2}{{\partial y_n}^2} + \frac{\partial^2}{{\partial z_n}^2}</math> شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ایہہ ہندی اے: :<math> -\frac{\hbar^2}{2}\sum_{n=1}^{N}\frac{1}{m_n}\nabla_n^2\Psi(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots\mathbf{r}_N) + V(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots\mathbf{r}_N)\Psi(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots\mathbf{r}_N) = E\Psi(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots\mathbf{r}_N) </math> جو ایہناں سٹیشنری حالت ہلاں والی ہندی اے: :<math> \Psi(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2\cdots \mathbf{r}_N,t) = e^{-iEt/\hbar}\psi(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2\cdots \mathbf{r}_N) </math> پھیر توں, غیر-پرسپر کریاواں کردے نکھیڑنیوگ کناں لئی, پٹینشل, کن پٹینشلاں دا جوڑ ہندا اے؛ :<math> V(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots \mathbf{r}_N) = \sum_{n=1}^N V(\mathbf{r}_n) </math> اتے [[ویو فنکشن]] کن [[ویو فنکشن]]اں دا اک گننپھل ہندا اے؛ :<math> \Psi(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2\cdots \mathbf{r}_N,t) = e^{-i{E t/\hbar}}\prod_{n=1}^N\psi(\mathbf{r}_n) \, . </math> غیر-پرسپر کریاواں کردے اکو جاے کناں لئی, پٹینشل, اک جوڑ ہندا اے, پر ویو فنکشن, گننپھلاں دیاں پرمیوٹیشناں اپر اک جوڑ ہندا اے۔ پچھلیاں دو سمیکرناں پرسپر کریاواں کردے کناں تے لاگوُ نہیں ہندیاں ہن۔ اگے, اوہ اداہرناں ہن جتھے صحیح حل معلوم ہندے ہن۔ ہور وورناں لئی مکھ لیکھاں نوں دیکھو۔ ==== ہائیڈروجن ایٹم ==== شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دی اس قسم نوں [[ہائیڈروجن ایٹم]] تے لاگوُ کیتا جا سکدا اے:<ref name="Quantum Chemistry 1977" /><ref name="Quanta 1974" /> :<math> E \psi = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2\mu}\nabla^2\psi - \frac{e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0 r}\psi </math> جتھے؛ *{{math|''e''}} [[الیکٹرون]] [[چارج]] ہندا اے, *{{math|'''r'''}} [[الیکٹرون]] دی [[پوزیشن]] ہندی اے ({{math|''r'' {{=}} {{abs|'''r'''}}}} پوزیشن دا خالص ملّ ہندا اے), *پٹینشل رقم [[کولومب دا نیم|کولومب پرسپر کریا]] کارن ہندی اے, جتھے کہ *{{math|''ε''₀}} [[الیکٹرک ستھرانک]] (آزاد سپیس دی پرمٹیوٹی) ہندا اے اتے *:<math> \mu = \frac{m_em_p}{m_e+m_p} </math>, پنج {{math|''m''_p}} والے [[ہائیڈروجن]] [[نیوکلیئس (ایٹمی بنتر)|نیوکلیئس]] (صرف اک [[پروٹون]]) اتے {{math|''m''_e}} پنج والے اک الیکٹرون دا 2-باڈی [[گھٹیا ہویا پنج]] ہندا اے۔ نیگٹو چنہ پٹینشل رقم وچ آ جاندا اے کیونکہ پروٹون اتے الیکٹرون الٹ چارج والے ہندے ہن۔ الیکٹرون پنج دی جگہ گھٹیا ہویا پنج ورتیا جاندا اے کیونکہ الیکٹرون اتے پروٹون اکٹھیاں, اک سانجھے پنج دے مرکز دوالے اک دوجے نال چکر لگاؤندے ہن, اتے حل کرن لئی اک ٹو-باڈی مسئلہ رچدے ہن۔ الیکٹرون دی رفتار اتھے دلچسپی دا مکھ مرکز اے, اسلئی سامان اک-باڈی مسئلہ گھٹے ہوئے پنج نوں ورت کے الیکٹرون دی رفتار ہندی اے۔ ہائیڈروجن لئی [[ویو فنکشن]] الیکٹرون دے نردیشانکاں (کوآرڈینیٹاں) دا اک [[فنکشن]] ہندا اے, اتے اصلی وچ, ہریک نردیشانک دے فنکشناں وچ الگ کیتا جا سکدا اے۔<ref>Physics for Scientists and Engineers – with Modern Physics (6th Edition), P. A. Tipler, G. Mosca, Freeman, 2008, {{isbn|0-7167-8964-7}}</ref> عامطور تے اسطراں [[سپھیریکل پولر نردیشانک]]اں وچ کیتا جاندا اے: :<math> \psi(r,\theta,\phi) = R(r)Y_\ell^m(\theta, \phi) = R(r)\Theta(\theta)\Phi(\phi)</math> جتھے؛ *{{math|''R''}} ریڈیئل فنکشن کاے جاندے ہن اتے *{{math|''Y''{{su|p=''m''|b=''ℓ''}}(''θ'', ''φ'')}} ڈگری {{math|''ℓ''}} اتے اؤرڈر {{math|''m''}} والے [[سپھیریکل ہارمونک]] ہندے ہن۔ ایہہ اکو اک اجیہا ایٹم ہندا اے جس لئی شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن صحیح طور تے حل کیتی گئی اے۔ ملٹی-الیکٹرون ایٹم سنکھیپیؤ ودھیاں منگدے ہن۔ ہلاں دی پھیملی ایہہ اے:<ref>{{cite book|author=David Griffiths|title=Introduction to elementary particles|url=https://books.google.com/books؟id=w9Dz56myXm8C&pg=PA162|accessdate=27 جون 2011|year=2008|publisher=Wiley-VCH|isbn=978-3-527-40601-2|pages=162–}}</ref> :<math> \psi_{n\ell m}(r,\theta,\phi) = \sqrt {{\left ( \frac{2}{n a_0} \right )}^3\frac{(n-\ell-1)!}{2n[(n+\ell)!]} } e^{- r/na_0} \left(\frac{2r}{na_0}\right)^{\ell} L_{n-\ell-1}^{2\ell+1}\left(\frac{2r}{na_0}\right) \cdot Y_{\ell}^{m}(\theta, \phi ) </math> جتھے: *<math> a_0 = \frac{4 \pi \varepsilon_0 \hbar^2}{m_e e^2} </math> [[بوہر دا ریڈیئس]] اے, *<math> L_{n-\ell-1}^{2\ell+1}(\cdots) </math> ڈگری {{math|''n'' − ''ℓ'' − 1}} دے [[لیگئرے پولینومیئل#سروعام کیتے ہوئے پولینمیئل|سرو عام کیتے ہوئے پولینومیئل]] ہندے ہن۔ *{{math|''n'', ''ℓ'', ''m''}} ترتیب وار, [[پرنسپل کوانٹم نمبر|مکھ]], [[ایزیمیوتھل کوانٹم نمبر|ایزیمیوتھل]], اتے [[میگنیٹک کوانٹم نمبر|چمبکی]] [[کوانٹم نمبر]] ہندے ہن: جو ایہہ ملّ لیندے ہن: :<math> \begin{align} n & = 1,2,3, \dots \\ \ell & = 0,1,2, \dots, n-1 \\ m & = -\ell,\dots,\ell \\ \end{align} </math> NB: [[لیگئرے پولینومیئل#سروعام کیتے ہوئے پولینمیئل|سرو عام کیتے ہوئے پولینومیئل]] وکھرے ودواناں راہیں وکھرے طور تے متاثر کیتے گئے ہن- ایہناں اتے مکھ لیکھ دیکھو اتے [[ہائیڈوجن ایٹم]] دیکھو۔ ==== دو-الیکٹرون ایٹم جاں آئن ==== کسے دو-الیکٹرون سسٹم لئی اکئیشن, جویں نیوٹرل [[ہیلیئم ایٹم]] (He, {{math|''Z'' {{=}} 2}}), نیگٹو [[ہائیڈروجن]] [[آئن]] (H⁻, {{math|''Z'' {{=}} 1}}), جاں پوزٹو [[لیتھیئم]] ائن (Li⁺, {{math|''Z'' {{=}} 3}}) ایہہ ہندی اے:<ref name="Molecules, B.H. Bransden 1983" /> :<math> E\psi = -\hbar^2\left[\frac{1}{2\mu}\left(\nabla_1^2 +\nabla_2^2 \right) + \frac{1}{M}\nabla_1\cdot\nabla_2\right] \psi + \frac{e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\left[ \frac{1}{r_{12}} -Z\left( \frac{1}{r_1}+\frac{1}{r_2} \right) \right] \psi </math> جتھے؛ *{{math|'''r'''₁}} الیکٹرون دی پوزیشن ہندی اے ({{math|''r''₁ {{=}} {{abs|'''r'''₁}}}} اسدا میگنیٹیوڈ ہدا اے), *{{math|'''r'''₂}} دوجے الیکٹرون دی پوزیشن ہندی اے ({{math|''r''₂ {{=}} {{!}}'''r'''₂{{!}}}} میگنیٹیوڈ ہندا اے), *{{math|''r''₁₂ {{=}} {{!}}'''r'''₁₂{{!}}}} ایہناں درمیان دوری دا میگنیٹیوڈ ہندا اے جو اس راہیں ملدا اے؛ :<math> |\mathbf{r}_{12}| = |\mathbf{r}_2 - \mathbf{r}_1 | \,\!</math> *{{math|''μ''}}, پھیر توں, پنج {{math|''M''}} والے نیوکلیئس دے حوالہ وچ کسے الیکٹرون دا ٹو-باڈی گھٹیا ہویا پنج ہندا اے, اسلئی ٹائم :<math> \mu = \frac{m_e M}{m_e+M} \,\!</math> اتے *{{math|''Z''}}, تتّ لئی [[ایٹومک نمبر]] ہندا اے ([[کوانٹم نمبر]] نہیں ہندا)۔ دوویں لیپلاسیئناں دی کروس-رقم؛ :<math>\frac{1}{M}\nabla_1\cdot\nabla_2\,\!</math> نوں پنج پولرائزیشن رقم دے طور تے جانیا جاندا اے, جو [[ایٹومک نیوکلیئس|ایٹومک نیوکلیائی]] دی رفتار کرکے پیدا ہندی اے۔ [[ویو فنکشن]], دوویں الیکٹروناں دیاں پزیشناں دا اک [[فنکشن]] ہندا اے۔ :<math> \psi = \psi(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2). </math> اس اکیوئیشن لئی کوئی بند قسم دا حل نہیں ہندا۔ === وقت انحصار === ایہہ [[کوانٹم حالت]] لئی رفتار دی مساوات ہدی اے۔ سبھ توں زیادہ سرو عام روپ وچ, اسنوں انجھ لکھیا جاندا اے:<ref name=Shankar1994 />{{rp|143ff}} :<math>i \hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi = \hat H \Psi.</math> اتے حل, ویو فنکشن, [[سسٹم]] اتے [[ٹائم]] دے سارے کن نردیشانکاں (کوآرڈینیٹاں) دا اک فنکشن ہندا اے۔ خاص معاملے اگے لکھے گئے ہن۔ اک ایام اندر اک کن لئی, ہیملٹونیئن؛ :<math> \hat{H} = \frac{\hat{p}^2}{2m} + V(x,t) \,,\quad \hat{p} = -i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial x} </math> ایہہ اکیوئیشن پیدا کردا اے: :<math> i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi(x,t) = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2}\Psi(x,t) + V(x,t)\Psi(x,t) </math> اک ایام اندرلے {{math|''N''}} کناں لئی, ہیملٹونیئن ایہہ ہندا اے: :<math> \hat{H} = \sum_{n=1}^{N}\frac{\hat{p}_n^2}{2m_n} + V(x_1,x_2,\cdots x_N,t) \,,\quad \hat{p}_n = -i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial x_n} </math> جتھے کن {{math|''n''}} دی [[پوزیشن]] {{math|''x_n''}} ہندی اے, جو ایہہ اکیوئیشن پیدا کر رہی ہندی اے: :<math> i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi(x_1,x_2\cdots x_N,t) = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2}\sum_{n=1}^{N}\frac{1}{m_n}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_n^2}\Psi(x_1,x_2\cdots x_N,t) + V(x_1,x_2\cdots x_N,t)\Psi(x_1,x_2\cdots x_N,t) \, .</math> تن ایاماں اندرلے اک کن لئی, ہیملٹونیئن ایہہ ہندا اے: :<math> \hat{H} = \frac{\hat{\mathbf{p}}\cdot\hat{\mathbf{p}}}{2m} + V(\mathbf{r},t) \,,\quad \hat{\mathbf{p}} = -i\hbar \nabla </math> جو ایہہ اکیوئیشن پیدا کردا اے: :<math> i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi(\mathbf{r},t) = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2\Psi(\mathbf{r},t) + V(\mathbf{r},t)\Psi(\mathbf{r},t) </math> تنّ-ایاماں اندرلے {{math|''N''}} کناں لئی, ہیملٹونیئن ایہہ ہندا اے: :<math> \hat{H} = \sum_{n=1}^{N}\frac{\hat{\mathbf{p}}_n\cdot\hat{\mathbf{p}}_n}{2m_n} + V(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots\mathbf{r}_N,t)\,,\quad \hat{\mathbf{p}}_n = -i\hbar \nabla_n </math> جتھے کن {{math|''n''}} دی پوزیشن {{math|'''r'''_''n''}} ہندی اے, جو ایہہ اکیوئیشن پیدا کردی اے:<ref name=Shankar1994 />{{rp|141}} :<math> i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots\mathbf{r}_N,t) = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2}\sum_{n=1}^{N}\frac{1}{m_n}\nabla_n^2\Psi(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots\mathbf{r}_N,t) + V(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots\mathbf{r}_N,t)\Psi(\mathbf{r}_1,\mathbf{r}_2,\cdots\mathbf{r}_N,t) </math> ایہہ آخری اکیوئیشن اک بہت اچے ایام وچ ہندی اے, اسلئی اسدے حل دیکھنے اسان نہیں ہن۔ == حل ودھیاں == {{prose|date=اکتوبر 2016}} {{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} عامَ تکنیکاں: * [[پرچربیشن تھیوری (کوانٹم مکینکس)|پرچربیشن تھیوری]] * [[ویریئیشنل تکنیک]] * [[کوانٹم مونٹے کارلو]] تکنیک * [[ڈینسٹی فنکشنل تھیوری]] * [[WKB سنکھیپیؤ]]اعتے اردھ-کلاسیکل پھلار {{Col-break}} خاص ماملاں واسطے ودھیاں: *[[اینالٹیکل ہلاں والے کوانٹم-مکینیکل سسٹماں دی لسٹ]] *[[ہارٹی-پھوک]] تکنیک اتے [[پوسٹ ہارٹی-پھوک]] ودھیاں {{col-end}} == خاصیتاں == شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اگے لکھیاں خاصیتاں رکھدی اے: کجھ لابھکاری ہن, پر کمیاں بچدیاں ہن۔ انت نوں, ایہہ خاصیتاں ورتے جاندے [[ہیملٹونیئن]] توں پیدا ہندیاں ہن, اتے اکیوئیشن پرتِ ہلاں توں پیدا ہندیاں ہن۔ === ریکھکتا === {{See also|لینیئر ڈفرینشیئل اکئیشن}} اوپروکت ترقی اندر, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن سرو سدھارنتا لئی ریکھک بنائی گئی سی, بھاویں اسدے ہور اثر پیندے ہن۔ جیکر دو [[ویو فنکشن]] {{math|''ψ''₁}} اتے {{math|''ψ''₂}} حل ہون, تاں پھیر ایہناں دوواں دا کوئی وی [[ریکھک میل]] وی اک حل ہی ہندا اے: :<math>\displaystyle \psi = a\psi_1 + b \psi_2 </math> جتھے {{math|''a''}} اتے {{math|''b''}} کوئی وی کمپلیکس نمبر ہو سکدے ہن (جوڑپھل نوں ویو فنکشناں دی کسے وی گنتی تک ودھایا جا سکدا اے)۔ ایہہ [[خاصیت]] ([[خاصیت]]) [[کوانٹم سپرپجیشن|کوانٹم حالتاں دیاں سپرپجیشناں]] نوں شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دے حل ہون دی آگیا دندی اے۔ ہور وی سرو عام طور تے, ایہہ لاگوُ رہندا اے کہ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن پرتِ سرو عام ہلاں نوں سارے سنگل حالت حاصل کیتے جان یوگ ہلاں اپر اک حاصل کیتے جوڑ نوں لین صدقہ کھوجیا جا سکدا اے۔ اداہرن دے طور تے, اک ویو فنکشن {{math|''Ψ''(''x'', ''t'')}} تے وچار کرو کہ ایہہ ویو فنکشن دو فنکشناں دا اک گننپھل راے: اک سماں-آزاد فنکشن, اتے اک سماں-انحصار فنکشن۔ جیکر سماں-آزاد شروڈنجر مساوات ورت کے کھوجیاں مقررہ توانائی دیاں حالتاں اینپلیٹیوڈ {{math|''A_n''}} والے {{math|''ψ_E''(''x'')}} نال دتیاں جاندیاں ہون, اتے سماں انحصار فیز پھیکٹر اس طرحاں دتا جاندا ہووے, :<math>e^{{-iE_n t}/\hbar}, </math> تاں اک مصدقہ سرو عام حل ایہہ ہندا اے؛ :<math>\displaystyle \Psi(x,t) = \sum\limits_{n} A_n \psi_{E_n}(x) e^{{-iE_n t}/\hbar}. </math> اسدے نال ہی, ہلاں نوں ناپن دی اہلیت کسے ویو فنکشن نوں پہلاں نورملائز کیتے بغیر ہی اسدے لئی حل دی آگیا دندی اے۔ جیکر نورملائز کیتے ہوئے ہلاں دا اک سیٹ {{math|''ψ_n''}} ہووے, تاں پھیر؛ :<math>\displaystyle \Psi = \sum\limits_{n} A_n \psi_n </math> نوں ایہہ یقینی بنا کے نورملائز کیتا جا سکدا اے؛ :<math>\displaystyle \sum\limits_{n}|A_n|^2 = 1 </math> ایہہ اسنوں ثابت کرن نالوں کتے زیادہ سودھاجنک رہندا اے کہ؛ :<math>\displaystyle \int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}|\Psi(x)|^2\,dx = \int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty}\Psi(x)\Psi^{*}(x)\,dx = 1. </math> === اصلی ارجا آئیگن-حالتاں === سماں-آزاد اکیوئیشن لئی, ریکھکتا دا اک وادھو لچھن انجھ اے: جیکر دو ویو فنکشن {{math|''ψ''₁}} اتے {{math|''&psi؛''₂}}, سماں-آزاد اکیوئیشن دے اوسے توانائی {{math|''E''}} سمیت حل ہون, تاں ایہناں دا کوئی وی ریکھک میل وی اک حل ہی ہندا اے: :<math> \hat H (a\psi_1 + b \psi_2 ) = a \hat H \psi_1 + b \hat H \psi_2 = E (a \psi_1 + b\psi_2). </math> اکو توانائی والے دو وکھرے ہلاں نوں [[ڈیجنریٹ]] کیہا جاندا اے۔<ref name="Quantum Mechanics Demystified 2006" /> کسے منچااے پٹینشل اندر, جیکر کوئی ویو فنکشن {{math|''ψ''}} سماں-آزاد اکیوئیشن نوں حل کردا اے, تاں اسدا [[کمپلیکس کنجوگیٹ]], جو {{math|''ψ''*}} نال درسایا جاندا اے, وی اجیہا ہی کردا اے۔ ریکھک میل لے کے, {{math|''ψ''}} دے اصلی اتے خیالی حصے, دوویں ہی حل ہندے ہن۔ جیکر کوئی وی ڈیجنریسی نہ ہووے تاں ایہہ صرف اک پھیکٹر راہیں ہی انتر رکھدے ہندے ہن۔ سماں-انحصار اکیوئیشن اندر, کمپلیکس کنجوگیٹ ترنگاں الٹ سمتاں وچ رفتار کردیاں ہن۔ جیکر {{math|''Ψ''(''x'', ''t'')}} اک حل ہووے, تاں {{math|''Ψ''*(''x'', –''t'')}} وی اک حل ہی ہندا اے۔ کمپلیکس کنجوگیشن دی سمروپیؤ نوں [[T-سمٹری|ٹائم-رورسل سمروپیؤ]] کیہا جاندا اے۔ === سپیس اتے ٹائم ڈیریویٹو === [[File:Wavefunction continuity space.svg|250px|"250px"|thumb|کسے وقت {{math|''t''}} اتے [[ویو فنکشن]] اتے اسدے پہلے مقامی ڈیریویٹو دی نرنترتا ({{math|''x''}} سمت وچ, {{math|''y''}} اتے {{math|''z''}} نردیشانک نہیں دکھائے گئے ہن]] سپیس وچ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دوجے اتے وقت وچ پہلے اؤرڈر دی اکیوئیشن ہندی اے, جو کسے [[کوانٹم حالت]] دی ویلے وچ اتپتی درساؤندی اے (یانِ کہ, ایہہ حال توں مستقبل دا اینپلیٹیوڈ مقرر کردی اے)۔ 3-ایامی کارٹیزیئن نردیشانکاں (کوآرڈینیٹاں) اندر واضع طور تے اک کن لئی- اکیوئیشن ایہہ ہندی اے؛ :<math>i\hbar{\partial \Psi \over \partial t} = - {\hbar^2\over 2m} \left ( {\partial^2 \Psi \over \partial x^2} + {\partial^2 \Psi \over \partial y^2} + {\partial^2 \Psi \over \partial z^2} \right ) + V(x,y,z,t)\Psi.\,\!</math> پہلے ٹائم ڈیریویٹو توں مطلب اے [[ویو فنکشن]] دا ({{math|''t'' {{=}} 0}} اتے) شروعاتی ملّ :<math> \Psi(x,y,z,0) \,\!</math> کوئی منچاہا ستھرانک ہندا اے۔ اسیتراں- سپیس دے حوالہ وچ دوجے اؤرڈر دے ڈیریویٹواں توں مطلب اے ویو فنکشن اتے اسدے پہلے اؤرڈر دے سپیشیئل ڈیریویٹو :<math> \begin{align} & \Psi(x_b,y_b,z_b,t) \\ & \frac{\partial}{\partial x}\Psi(x_b,y_b,z_b,t) \quad \frac{\partial}{\partial y}\Psi(x_b,y_b,z_b,t) \quad \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\Psi(x_b,y_b,z_b,t) \end{align} \,\!</math> سارے ہی نقطےآں دے کسے دتے ہوئے سیٹ اتے منچااے ستھرانک ہندے ہن, جتھے {{math|''x_b''}}, {{math|''y_b''}}, {{math|''z_b''}} اجیاے نقطےآں دا اک سیٹ ہندے ہن جو سیما {{math|''b''}} نوں درسا راے ہندے ہن (ڈیریویٹو حداں اتے لئے جاندے ہن)۔ کھاستور تے, اک جاں دو حداں ہندیاں ہن, جویں ترتیب وار, [[سٹیپّ پٹینشل]] اتے [[کسے بوکس وچ کن]]۔ جویں پہلے اؤرڈر والے ڈیریویٹو منچااے ہندے ہن, اسیتراں [[ویو فنکشن]] وی سپیس دا اک [[سچارو فنکشن|جاری طور تے ڈپھرینشیئیبل فنکشن]] ہندا اے کیونکہ کسے وی سیما اتے, [[ویو فنکشن]] دا [[گریڈیئنٹ]] میچ کیتا جا سکدا اے۔ استوں الٹ, فزکس وچ [[ویو فنکشن]] عامطور تے وقت وچ دوجے اؤرڈر والے ہندے ہن, [[کلاسیکل]] [[ویو اکئیشن]]اں اتے [[کوانٹم]] [[کلیئن-جورڈن اکویئیشن]] نوٹ کرن یوگ ہن۔ === پروبیبلٹی دی مقامی سرکھئتا === {{Main|پروبیبلٹی کرنٹ|کنٹینیوٹی اکئیشن}} شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن [[پروبیبلٹی دی سرکھئتا|پروبیبلٹی کنزرویشن]] دے مطابق ہندی اے۔ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دے سجے پاسے کمپلیکس کنجوگیٹ ویو فنکشن نال گننپھل کرن تے, اتے ویو فنکشن دے کھبے پاسے شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دے کمپلیکس کنجوگیٹ نال گننپھل کرن تے, اتے پھیر دوواں دا گھٹاؤ کرن تے, [[پروبیبلٹی]] لئی [[نرنترتا مساوات#کوانٹم مکینکس|نرنترتا مساوات]] ملدی اے:<ref name="Quantum Mechanics 2004">Quantum Mechanics, E. Abers, Pearson Ed., Addison Wesley, Prentice Hall Inc, 2004, {{isbn|978-0-13-146100-0}}</ref> :<math>{ \partial \over \partial t} \rho\left(\mathbf{r},t\right) + \nabla \cdot \mathbf{j} = 0, </math> جتھے؛ :<math>\rho=|\Psi|^2=\Psi^*(\mathbf{r},t)\Psi(\mathbf{r},t)\,\!</math> [[پروبیبلٹی ڈینسٹی فنکشن|پروبیبلٹی کثافت]] (پروبیبلٹی پرتِ یونٹ وولیؤم, , {{math|*}} [[کمپلیکس کنجوگیٹ]] نوں درساؤندا اے) ہندی اے, اتے :<math> \mathbf{j} = {1 \over 2m} \left( \Psi^*\hat{\mathbf{p}}\Psi - \Psi\hat{\mathbf{p}}\Psi^* \right)\,\!</math> [[پروبیبلٹی کرنٹ]] (جو پرتِ یونٹ کھیترپھل وہندا اے) ہندا اے۔ اسطراں شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن توں اندازا, پروبیبلٹی سرکھئتا دی النگھنا نہیں کردے۔ === پوزٹو اینرجی === جیکر پٹینشل ہیٹھاں توں بنیا ہویا ہووے, یانِ کہ, پٹینشل توانائی دی کوئی نیونتم قیمت ہندی ہووے, تاں شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دے [[آئیگن-فنکشن]] اجیہی توانائی والے ہندے ہن جو تھلے توں بنی ہندی اے۔ اس نوں ہیٹھاں لکھے مطابق, [[ویریئیشنل پرنسپل]] ورتدے ہوئے سبھ توں زیادہ اسانی نال دیکھیا جا سکدا اے۔ (تھلے وی دیکھو) تھلے توں [[باؤنڈڈ اوپریٹر|بنے ہوئے]] کسے وی [[لینیئر]] [[اوپریٹر]] {{math|''''}} لئی, گھٹ توں گھٹ آئیگن-ملّ والا [[آئیگن-ویکٹر]], [[ویکٹر]] {{math|''ψ''}} ہندا اے جو اس مقدار نوں سارے {{math|''ψ''}} اتے منیمائیز (گھٹ توں گھٹ) کردا اے: :<math> \langle \psi |\hat{A}|\psi \rangle </math> جو [[نورملائزیبل ویو فنکشن|مانکیکرت]] ہندے ہن۔<ref name="Quantum Mechanics 2004" /> اسطراں, نیونتم آئیگن-ملّ نوں [[ویریئیشنل اصول]] راہیں لکھیا جاندا اے۔ تھلے توں باؤنڈ کیتے (بنے ہوئے) شروڈنجر ہیملٹونیئن {{math|''Ĥ''}} لئی, نیونتم آئیگن-ملّ نوں [[ادھار حالت]] توانائی کیہا جاندا اے۔ اوہ توانائی؛ :<math>\langle \psi|\hat{H}|\psi\rangle = \int \psi^*(\mathbf{r}) \left[ - \frac{\hbar^2}{2m} \nabla^2\psi(\mathbf{r}) + V(\mathbf{r})\psi(\mathbf{r})\right] d^3\mathbf{r} = \int \left[ \frac{\hbar^2}{2m}|\nabla\psi|^2 + V(\mathbf{r}) |\psi|^2 \right] d^3\mathbf{r} = \langle \hat{H}\rangle </math> دا نیونتم ملّ ہندا اے ([[حصیاں راہیں انٹیگریشن]] ورتدے ہوئے)۔ {{math|''ψ''²}} دے [[خالص ملّ#کمپلیکس نمبر|کمپلیکس موڈولس]] (جو مقررہ طور تے پوزٹو ہندا اے) صدقہ, سجا پاسہ ہمیشاں ہی {{math|''V''(''x'')}} دے نیونتم ملّ توں زیادہ رہندا اے۔ خاص طور وچ, گراؤنڈ سٹیٹ اینرجی اودوں پوزٹو رہندی اے جدوں {{math|''V''(''x'')}} سبھ جگہ پوزٹو ہووے۔ جہڑے پٹینشل تھلے توں بنے ہندے ہن اتے کسے کھیتر اپر اننت نہیں ہندے, اوہناں لئی, اک اجیہی ادھار حالت ہندی اے جو انٹگرل نوں اپر توں منیمائیز کردی اے۔ ایہہ نیونتم توانائی ویو فنکشن اصلی اتے مقررہ طور تے پوزٹو ہندا ہے- جسدا مطلب اے کہ ویو فنکشن ودھ اتے گھٹ سکدا اے, پر ساریاں [[پوزیشن]]اں لئی پوزٹو ہی رہندا اے۔ ایہہ بھوتکی طور تے نیگٹو نہیں ہو سکدا: جیکر اجیہا ہندا, تاں چنہ تبدیلی ویلے موڑاں نوں (ویو فنکشن نوں منیمائیز کرن لئی) سچارو کرن نال تیزی نال [[انٹگرل]] پرتِ [[گریڈیئنٹ]] یوگدان گھٹ جاندا اتے اسے کارن [[کائنیٹک اینرجی]] وی گھٹ جاندی, جدونکھ [[پٹینشل توانائی]] ریکھک طور تے اتے گھٹ تیزی نال بدلدی۔ کائینیٹک اتے ستھتک توانائی دوویں ہی وکھریاں دراں نال تبدیل ہندیاں, تاں جو کل توانائی ستھر نہ رہندی, جو واپر نہیں سکدا (سرکھئتا)۔ حل, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نال تاں مطابق رہندے ہن جیکر ایہہ ویو فنکشن مقررہ طور تے پوزٹو رہندا ہووے۔ چنہ تبدیلیاں دی کمی ایہہ وی ثابت کردی اے کہ ادھار حالت غیر-ڈجنریٹ ہندی اے, کیونکہ جیکر سانجھی توانائی {{math|''E''}} والیاں دو ادھار حالتاں ہندیاں, جو اک-دوجی دے انوپاتی نہ ہندیاں ہون, تاں دوواں دا اک اجیہا ریکھک میل وی ہونا چاہیدا اے جو کسے زیرو حل وچ نتیجہ دین والی اک ادھار حالت وی ہندا۔ === ڈفیوزن پرتِ وشلیشناتمک نرنترتا === {{See also|پاتھ انٹگرل فارمولا ویونتبندی#شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن |label 1=پاتھ انٹگرل فارمولا ویونتبندی (شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن )}} اوپروکت خاصیت (توانائی دی پوزٹو نشچتتا) شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دے کوئی [[سٹوکاسٹک پروسیسّ]] ہون دی [[وشلیشناتمک نرنترتا]] نوں آگیا دندی اے۔ اسدی وضاحت ڈی بروگلِ ترنگاں پرتِ لاگوُ کیتے جان والے [[ہوئیجینس-پھریسنل اصول]] دے طور تے کیتی جا سکدی اے؛ پھیل راے ویوفرنٹ, گھلمل راے پروبیبلٹی اینپلیٹیوڈ ہندے ہن۔<ref name="Quantum Mechanics 2004" /> کوئی [[منچاہی سیر]] کر راے کسے آزاد کن (جو کسے پٹینشل دا ساہمنا نہیں کر رہا ہندا) لئی, سماں-انحصار شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن وچ {{math|''τ'' {{=}} ''it''}} بھردے ہوئے, ایہہ حاصل ہندا اے:<ref>http://www.stt.msu.edu/~mcubed/Relativistic.pdf</ref> :<math> {\partial \over \partial \tau} X(\mathbf{r},\tau) = \frac{\hbar}{2m} \nabla ^2 X(\mathbf{r},\tau) \, , \quad X(\mathbf{r},\tau) = \Psi(\mathbf{r},\tau/i)</math> جو [[ڈفیوزن اکویئیشن]] دی قسم ورگی قسم دا ہی ہندا اے, جسدے ڈفیوزن گنانک {{math|{{sfrac|''ħ''|2''m''}}}} ہندے ہن۔ اوس معاملے وچ, گھلملتا (ڈپھیوزیوٹی), [[مارکوو پروسیسّ]] مطابق ڈی بروگلی تعلق پیدا کردی اے۔ <ref>{{cite journal|author=Takahisa Okino|title=Mathematical Physics in Diffusion Problems|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2015.614217| journal=Journal of Modern Physics|year=2015|issue=6|pages=2109–2144}}</ref> === نیمتتا === سکئیئر-انٹیگریبل ڈینسٹیاں دی سپیس <math>L^2</math> اتے, شروڈنجر اردھ-گروہ (سیمی-گروپ) <math>e^{it\hat{H}}</math>, اک [[یونائٹری]] اوتپتی ہندی اے, اتے اسے لئی ایہہ وشاتمک ہندی اے۔ پرواہ, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن <math>i\partial_t u = \widehat{H}u</math> دی پالنا کردے ہن, جتھے ڈیریویٹو نوں [[ڈسٹریبیوشن (گنت)|وستھار-ونڈ]] مطلب وچ لیا جاندا اے۔ پھیر وی, کیونکہ سبھ توں زیادہ ڈھکویں ہیملٹونیئناں (جویں, کسے پٹینشل راہیں ممکن طور تے سودھیا ہویا [[لیپلیس اوپریٹر]]) لئی <math>\widehat{H}</math>, <math>L^2</math>, اندر بنیا نہیں ہندا, ایہہ ثابت کردا اے کہ اردھ-گروہ پرواہ عامطور وچ سوبوللیو نیمتتا دی کمی والے ہندے ہن۔ اسدی جگہ, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دے حل کسے [[سٹرچارٹز اندازا]] تے کھرے اتردے ہن۔ == ساپیکھک کوانٹم مکینکس == [[ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) کوانٹم مکینکس]] اتھے حاصل کیتا جاندا اے, جتھے [[کوانٹم مکینکس]] اتے [[سپیشل رلیٹیوٹی]] اکٹھے لاگوُ ہندے ہون۔ عامطور وچ, [[کلاسیکل]] [[توانائی]] [[اکئیشن]]اں دی بجائے, ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) [[اورجا-مومینٹم تعلق]] توں [[ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) ویو اکئیشناں]] بناؤنیاں پسند کیتیاں جاندیاں ہن۔ :<math>E^2 = (pc)^2 + (m_0c^2)^2 \, , </math> [[کلیئن-جورڈن اکویئیشن]] اتے [[ڈیراک اکویئیشن]] دو اجہیاں سمیکرناں ہن۔ کلیئن-گورڈن اکئیشن, :<math> \frac {1}{c^2} \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2} \psi - \nabla^2 \psi + \frac {m^2 c^2}{\hbar^2} \psi = 0. </math>, حاصل کیتی جان والی اجیہی پہلی مساوات سی۔, جو غیر-ساپیکھک (نون-ریلیٹیوسٹک) اکیوئیشن توں وی پہلاں حاصل کر لئی گئی سی, اتے ایہہ پنج-یکت سپنّ-ہین کناں تے لاگوُ ہندی اے۔ ڈیراک اکئیشن, دو اجیاے اوپریٹراں دے کسے گننپھل وچ سارے دے سارے ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) ویو اوپریٹر نوں پھیکٹرائز کرن نال کلیئن-گورڈن اکیوئیشن دا طبقہ مول لیندے ہوئے, پیدا ہندی ہے- جہناں وچوں اک اوپریٹر ساری دی ساری ڈیراک اکیوئیشن لئی اوپریٹر ہندا اے۔ رلیٹیوٹی وچ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دی سرو عام قسم سچ رہندی اے, پر ہیملٹونیئن دی سپشٹتا گھٹ جاندی اے۔ اداہرن دے طور تے, کسے پنج {{math|''m''}} اتے الیکٹرک چارج {{math|''q''}} والے کسے کن لئی, کسے [[الیکٹرومیگنیٹک فیلڈ]] ([[الیکٹرومیگنٹزم پٹینشل]]اں {{math|''φ''}} اتے {{math|'''A'''}} راہیں درسائی جاندی) اندر, ڈیراک ہیملٹونیئن ایہہ ہندا اے: :<math>\hat{H}_{\text{Dirac}}= \gamma^0 \left[c \boldsymbol{\gamma}\cdot\left(\hat{\mathbf{p}} - q \mathbf{A}\right) + mc^2 + \gamma^0q \phi \right]\,, </math> جس وچ, {{math|'''γ''' {{=}} (''γ''¹, ''γ''², ''γ''³)}} اتے {{math|''γ''⁰}}, کن دے [[سپنّ]] نال متعلق ڈیراک [[گاما میٹرکس]] ہندے ہن۔ ڈیراک اکیوئیشن سارے {{nobreak|[[سپنّ-1/2|سپنّ-{{frac|2}}]]}} کناں لئی سچ رہندی اے, اتے اکیوئیشن پرتِ حل, {{nobreak|4-کمپونینٹ}} [[سپنور فیلڈ]]اں ہندیاں ہن, جہناں دے دو کمپونینٹ کن نال تعلق رکھن والے ہندے ہن اتے باقی دے دو کمپونینٹ [[اینٹی-پارٹیکل]] نال متعلق ہندے ہن۔ کلیئن-گورڈن اکیوئیشن لئی, شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن دی سرو عام قسم ورتنی سودھاجنک رہندی اے, اتے مشق وچ, ہیملٹونیئن ڈیراک ہیملٹونیئن پرتِ کسے تلّ طریقے وچ سمیکرنبدھّ نہیں کیتا جاندا۔ ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) کوانٹم پھیلڈاں واسطے سمیکرناں نوں ہور طریقیاں نال حاصل کیتا جا سکدا اے, جویں کسے [[لگرانجیئن (فیلڈ تھیوری)|لگرانجیئن کثافت]] توں شروع کرکے اتے پھیلڈاں لئی [[الر-لگرانج اکئیشن]]اں ورتدے ہوئے, جاں [[لورنٹز گروپ دی پرستتی تھیوری]] ورت کے, جس وچ کجھ پرستتیاں نوں دتے ہوئے سپنّ (اتے پنج) والے کسے آزاد کن لئی اکیوئیشن نوں حل کرن لئی ورتیا جا سکدا اے۔ عامطور وچ, سرو عام شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن وچ بھریا جان والا ہیملٹونیئن صرف پوزیشن اتے مومینٹم اوپریٹراں (اتے ممکن طور تے ویلے) دا ہی اک فنکشن نہیں ہندا, سگوں سپنّ میٹرکساں دا وی اک فنکشن ہندا اے۔ اسدے نال ہی, {{math|''s''}} سپنّ والے, کسے پنج-یکت کن لئی, کسے ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) ترنگ مساوات پرتِ حل, کمپلیکس ملاں والیاں {{nobreak|{{math|2(2''s'' + 1)}}-کمپونینٹ}} [[سپنور فیلڈ]]اں ہندیاں ہن۔ == کوانٹم فیلڈ تھیوری == سرو عام (شروڈنجر) اکیوئیشن [[کوانٹم فیلڈ تھیوری]] وچ وی ورتی جاندی اے, اتے مصدقہ رہندی اے, جو ساپیکھک (ریلیٹیوسٹک) اتے غیر-ساپیکھک (غیر-ریلیٹیوسٹک) دوویں قسم دے ہلاں لئی اجیہا ہندی اے۔ پھیر وی, حل {{math|''ψ''}} کسے [[ترنگ]] دے طور تے ویاکھئت نہیں کیتا جاندا, سگوں کسے [[پھوک سپیس]] اندر موجود حالتاں اتے کریا کرن والے کسے [[اوپریٹر]] دے طور تے ویاکھئت ہونا چاہیدا اے۔{{Citation needed|date=ستمبر 2015}} == پہلی گھات والی قسم == شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نوں اوسے انداز وچ اک پہلے درجے<ref name="one">{{cite journal|last1=Ajaib|first1=Muhammad Adeel|title=A Fundamental Form of the Schrdinger Equation|journal=Found.Phys. 45 (2015) no.12, 1586–1598|doi=10.1007/s10701-015-9944-z|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007٪2Fs10701-015-9944-z|year=2015|bibcode=2015FoPh.۔.45.1586A}}</ref><ref name="two">{{cite journal|last1=Ajaib|first1=Muhammad Adeel|title=Non-Relativistic Limit of the Dirac Equation|journal=International Journal of Quantum Foundations|url=http://www.ijqf.org/archives/3574|year=2016}}</ref><ref name="three">{{cite journal|last1=Lvy-Leblond|first1=J-۔M.|title=Nonrelativistic particles and wave equations|journal=Comm. Math. Pays.|volume=6 |number=4 |pages=286–311|year=1967|url=https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1103840281}}</ref> دی قسم توں وی ویونتبند کیتا جا سکدا اے, جس وچ [[کلیئن-جورڈن اکویئیشن]] نوں [[ڈیراک اکویئیشن]] توں ویونتبند کیتا جا سکدا اے۔ 1 D وچ پہلے درجے دی اکیوئیشن ایہہ ہندی اے؛ :<math display="block"> \begin{align} -i \partial_z \psi = (i \eta \partial_t + \eta^\dagger m) \psi \end{align} </math> ایہہ اکیوئیشن غیر-ساپیکھک کوانٹم مکینکس اندر [[سپنّ]] نوں شامل کرن دی آگیا دندی اے۔ اپروکت اکیوئیشن دا طبقہ کرن نال 1 D وچ شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن حاصل ہندی اے۔ میٹرکس <math> \eta </math> اگے لکھیاں خاصیتاں دا پالن کردے ہن؛ :<math display="block"> \begin{align} \eta^2=0 \\ (\eta^\dagger)^2=0 \\ \left\lbrace \eta, \eta^\dagger \right\rbrace= 2 I \end{align} </math> اکیوئیشن دا 3-ایامی ورژن اسطراں حاصل ہندا اے؛ :<math display="block"> \begin{align} -i \gamma_i \partial_i \psi = (i \eta \partial_t + \eta^\dagger m) \psi \end{align} </math> اتھے *<math> \eta=(\gamma_0+i \gamma_5)/\sqrt{2} </math> اک <math>4 \times 4</math> [[نلپوٹینٹ میٹرکس]] ہندا اے, اتے *<math> \gamma_i </math> ڈیراک [[گاما میٹرکس]] (<math>i=1,2,3</math>) ہندے ہن۔ 3 D اندر شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن نوں اپروکت اکیوئیشن نوں سکئیئر (طبقہ) کرکے حاصل کیتا جا سکدا اے۔ غیر-ساپیکھک (نون-ریلیٹیوسٹک) حد <math>E-m \simeq E'</math> اتے <math>E+m \simeq 2m</math> وچ, اوپروکت اکیوئیشن نوں ڈیراک اکیوئیشن توں ویونتبدّ کیتا جا سکدا اے۔<ref name="two" /> == ایہہ وی دیکھو == {{div col}} *[[اکھاؤس اکئیشن]] *[[پھریکشنل شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ]] *[[اینالٹیکل ہلاں والے کوانٹم-مکینیکل سسٹماں دی لسٹ]] *[[لوگرتھمک شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ]] *[[غیر-ریکھک شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن ]] *[[کوانٹم کارپیٹ]] *[[کوانٹم ریوائیول]] *[[شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن اتے کوانٹم مکینکس دی فارمولا ویونتبندی درمیان تعلق]] *[[شروڈنجر فیلڈ]] *[[شروڈنجر تصویر]] *[[شروڈنجرز کیٹ]] *[[شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن لئی اصولی اتے پریوگک تائید]] {{div col end}} == نوٹس == {{حوالے|30em}} == حوالے == * {{cite book | author= P. A. M. Dirac |author-link=Paul Dirac |title= [[Principles of Quantum Mechanics|The Principles of Quantum Mechanics]] | edition = 4th | publisher= Oxford University Press |year=1958}} * {{cite book |author1=B.H. Bransden |author2=C.J. Joachain |lastauthoramp=yes |title= Quantum Mechanics | edition = 2nd | publisher= Prentice Hall PTR |year=2000 | isbn = 0-582-35691-1}} * {{cite book | author = [[David J. Griffiths]] | title = Introduction to Quantum Mechanics | edition = 2nd | year = 2004 | publisher = Benjamin Cummings | isbn = 0-13-124405-1}} * {{cite book | author = [[Richard Liboff]] | title = Introductory Quantum Mechanics | edition = 4th | year = 2002 | publisher = Addison Wesley | isbn = 0-8053-8714-5}} * {{cite book | author = David Halliday | title = Fundamentals of Physics | edition = 8th | year = 2007 | publisher = Wiley | isbn = 0-471-15950-6}} * {{cite book | author = Serway, Moses, and Moyer | title = Modern Physics | edition = 3rd | year = 2004 | publisher = Brooks Cole | isbn = 0-534-49340-8}} * {{cite journal | author = Schrdinger, Erwin |date=دسمبر 1926 | title = An Undulatory Theory of the Mechanics of Atoms and Molecules | journal = Phys. Rev. | pages = 1049–1070 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.28.1049 | volume = 28 |bibcode = 1926PhRv.۔.28.1049S | issue = 6}} * {{cite book| last = Teschl| given = Gerald|authorlink=Gerald Teschl| title=Mathematical Methods in Quantum Mechanics؛ With Applications to Schrdinger Operators| publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]]| place = [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]]| year=2009 |url=http://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~gerald/ftp/book-schroe/ |isbn=978-0-8218-4660-5}} == باہری لنک == * {{springer|title=Schrdinger equation|id=p/s083410}} * [http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/0sn/ch13/ch13.html Quantum Physics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307041005/http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/0sn/ch13/ch13.html |date=2012-03-07 }} – textbook by Benjamin Crowell with a treatment of the time-independent Schrdinger equation * [http://eqworld.ipmnet.ru/en/solutions/lpde/lpde108.pdf Linear Schrdinger Equation] at EqWorld: The World of Mathematical Equations. * [http://eqworld.ipmnet.ru/en/solutions/npde/npde1403.pdf Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation] at EqWorld: The World of Mathematical Equations. * [http://www.colorado.edu/UCB/AcademicAffairs/ArtsSciences/physics/TZD/PageProofs1/TAYL07-203-247.I.pdf The Schrdinger Equation in One Dimension] as well as the [http://www.colorado.edu/UCB/AcademicAffairs/ArtsSciences/physics/TZD/PageProofs1/ directory of the book]۔ * [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hframe.html All about 3D Schrdinger Equation] *Mathematical aspects of Schrdinger equations are discussed on the [http://wiki.math.toronto.edu/DispersiveWiki/index.php/Main_Page Dispersive PDE Wiki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723091053/http://wiki.math.toronto.edu/DispersiveWiki/index.php/Main_Page |date=2017-07-23 }}۔ * [http://www.nanotechnology.hu/online/web-schroedinger/index.html Web-Schrdinger: Interactive solution of the 2D time-dependent and stationary Schrdinger equation] * [http://behindtheguesses.blogspot.com/2009/06/schrodinger-equation-corrections.html An alternate reasoning behind the Schrdinger Equation] * Online software-[http://nanohub.org/resources/3847 Periodic Potential Lab] Solves the time-independent Schrdinger equation for arbitrary periodic potentials. *[http://www.felderbooks.com/papers/psi.html What Do You Do With a Wavefunction؟] *[http://www.felderbooks.com/papers/quantum.html The Young Double-Slit Experiment] {{کوانٹم مکینکس ٹوپک}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن }} [[گٹھ:شروڈنگر اکیوئیشن | ]] [[گٹھ:ویو مکینکس]] [[گٹھ:آسٹریئن کھوجاں]] [[گٹھ:سپیس اتے ویلے دے فنکشن]] [[گٹھ:فزکس]] acq0iulyj5gn8a2cmrzdtrk9b3w2mtt 0 80277 708893 699690 2026-07-25T08:18:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{خانہ معلومات اداکار}} {{Infobox person | name = ودیوت جاموال | caption = ودیوت جاموال 2012 دے فیشن شو وچ ریمپ واک پر | imagesize = | yearsactive = 2004 – Present | height = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|12|10}}<ref name="mmbd">{{cite web | title = Vidyut Jammwal’s birthday wishes ‘ad’ up | last = Lohana | first = Avinash | work = Mumbai Mirror | date = 11 December 2015 | accessdate = 2016-05-31 | url = http://www.mumbaimirror.com/entertainment/bollywood/Vidyut-Jammwals-birthday-wishes-ad-up/articleshow/50129162.cms}}</ref> | birth_place = [[جموں‏]], [[جموں‏ و کشمیر]], [[بھارت]]<ref name="gulf">{{cite web | title = Vidyut Jamwal: I was born to do action | last = Radhakrishnan | first = Manjusha | work = [[گلف نیوز]] | date = 11 April 2013 | accessdate = 2016-05-31 | url = http://gulfnews.com/leisure/movies/news/vidyut-jamwal-i-was-born-to-do-action-1.1168717 | archive-date = 2016-08-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160804162110/http://gulfnews.com/leisure/movies/news/vidyut-jamwal-i-was-born-to-do-action-1.1168717 }}</ref> | occupation = [[اداکار]], [[حربی فنون]]<ref name="MARTIAL" /> }} '''ودیوت جاموال''' (10 دسمبر 1980 نو‏‏ں [[جموں‏]] ، [[جموں‏ و کشمیر]] وچ پیدا ہوئے) اک بھارتی فلمی اداکار ، [[حربی فنون|مارشل آرٹسٹ]] تے اسٹنٹ آرٹسٹ نيں ، جو بنیادی طور اُتے [[بالی وڈ|ہندی فلماں]] وچ کم کردے نيں ۔ اوہ اک تربیت یافتہ [[حربی فنون|مارشل آرٹسٹ]] اے، انہاں نے تن سال د‏‏ی عمر تو‏ں ہی کلاریپائٹو دا ہندوستانی مارشل آرٹ سکھیا سی ۔ اوہ " [[بالی وڈ|بالی ووڈ]] دا نیو ایج ایکشن ہیرو" دے ناں تو‏ں مشہور نيں <ref name="movies.ndtv.com">{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/vidyut-jamwal-in-rajkumar-santoshis-next-613701|title=Vidyut Jamwal in Rajkumar Santoshis next? – NDTV Movies ..|publisher=Movies.ndtv.com|date=2 September 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=https://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/vidyut-indias-action-god-siddharth-082802203.html|title=Vidyut, India's new action god: Siddharth – Yahoo Movies India|publisher=Yahoo!|date=26 January 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015|تاريخ-الأرشيف=14 December 2014|مسار-الأرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214140238/https://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/vidyut-indias-action-god-siddharth-082802203.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> تے دنیا دے مقبول مارشل آرٹ فلمی اداکاراں وچ شمار کیتے جاندے نيں۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|last=Smallwood|first=Karl|title=Martial arts actors you don't know about but should|url=https://www.looper.com/49004/martial-arts-actors-dont-know/|website=Looper.com|year=2017|accessdate=1 April 2019}}</ref> انہاں نے [[تیلگو سنیما|تیلگو فلم انڈسٹری]] تے [[تمل سنیما|تمل فلم انڈسٹری]] وچ وی کم کیتا ا‏‏ے۔ == مڈھلا جیون == ودیوت جاموال [[جموں‏]] ، [[جموں‏ و کشمیر|جموں‏ وکشمیر]] دے اک ڈوگرہ راجپوت خاندان وچ پیدا ہوئے ۔ اوہ اک بھارتی فوجی افسر دے تن بچےآں وچو‏ں اک نيں تے (اپنے والد د‏‏ی ملازمت کيت‏‏ی منتقلی د‏‏ی وجہ سے) بھارت دے مختلف حصےآں وچ رہندے سن <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/65988/the-commandos-are-the-real-action-heroes-vidyut-jamwal/|title=The commandos are the real action heroes: Vidyut Jamwal|publisher=Santabanta.com|date=15 April 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> اوہ تن سال د‏‏ی عمر تو‏ں [[پالگھاٹ|پلککڑ]] ، [[کیرلا|کیرالہ]] دے اک [[آشرم]] وچ کلاریپائٹو د‏‏ی تربیت لیندے رہے،جے انہاں د‏‏ی ماں چلاندی سی۔ <ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Kalaripayattu-connected-me-to-my-soul-Vidyut-Jammwal/articleshow/40008900.cms|title=Kalaripayattu connected me to my soul: Vidyut Jammwal|website=The Times of India|date=11 August 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> انہاں نے مختلف ملکاں وچ مارشل آرٹسٹاں دے نال تربیت حاصل کيتی ۔ مارشل آرٹس وچ ڈگری حاصل کرنے دے بعد ، ودیوت جاموال نے 25 تو‏ں زیادہ ملکاں دا سفر کیتا ، جتھ‏ے انہاں نے براہ راست ایکشن شو وچ اپنے فن دا مظاہرہ کیتا۔ <ref name="dnaindia.com">{{حوالہ ویب|last=Dipannita Ghosh Biswas|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-post-debut-actor-vidyut-jammwal-on-a-high-1609295|title=Post debut, actor Vidyut Jammwal on a high & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|website=Daily News and Analysis|date=8 November 2011|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> انہاں نے سال 2000 وچ گلیڈریگز وچ بطور مقابلہ شرکت کيتی سی تے تب تو‏ں اوہ ممبئی وچ مقیم نيں۔ اوہ 1996 تو‏ں دہلی وچ اک ماڈل سن ، لیکن ماڈلنگ وچ مایوس کن کیریئر دے بعد ، تیلگو د‏‏ی فلم ''شکتی'' وچ اپنا پہلا کردار ادا کیتا۔ بعد وچ انہاں نے اک آڈیشن دے بعد نِشکنت کامت د‏‏ی ہندی فلم ''فورس'' تو‏ں بالی ووڈ د‏‏ی دنیا وچ قدم رکھیا۔ == کیریئر == مارشل آرٹس وچ انہاں د‏‏ی مہارت نو‏‏ں دیکھدے ہوئے ، انہاں نے سینما د‏‏ی دنیا وچ اسٹنٹ تے ایکشن ٹریننگ دے لئی خود نو‏‏ں مختص کیتا ا‏‏ے۔ انہاں دا پہلی بالی وڈ فلم [[جان ابراہ‏م]] <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/this-guy-will-fight-john-in-force.html|title=This guy will fight John in Force|last=Kunal Guha|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|date=7 September 2011|accessdate=14 January 2012|تاريخ-الأرشيف=10 February 2012|مسار-الأرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210204224/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/this-guy-will-fight-john-in-force.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> دے نال''فورس'' سی ،جو تامل فلم ''کاکا کاکا'' دا ری میک ےھی ، فلم نے باکس آفس اُتے اعتدال پسند کارکردگی دا مظاہرہ کیتا۔ اس دے بعد انہاں نے [[تیلگو سنیما|تیلگو]] فلماں ''شکتی'' تے ''اوسواراویلی'' وچ معاون کردار ادا کیتا ، دونے وچ انہاں دے مدمقابل اداکار [[این ٹی آر جونئیر|این ٹی آر]] رھے۔ 2012 وچ ، جاموال نے [[تمل سنیما|تامل سنیما]] وچ [[اجیت کمار]] د‏‏ی فلم ''بِلا II'' دے نال تمل انڈسٹری وچ قدم رکھیا، فلم وچ انہاں دے کردار دے لئی بہت سراہا گیا۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-previews/preview-1/jul-12-02/billa-ii-movie-preview.html|title=Billa Ii Preview – Billa Ii Movie Preview|publisher=Behindwoods.com|accessdate=14 March 2013}}</ref> انہاں نے اک ہور تامل فلم ، ''[[توپاکی|تھوپاکی]]'' ، وچ اداکار [[وجے]] دے نال کم کیتا جو اک بلاک بسٹر فلم ثابت ہوئی۔ انہاں نے اس فلم دے لئی منفی کردار وچ بہترین اداکاری دا اک سائما ایوارڈ وی حاصل کیتا۔ انہاں نے [[سوریا (اداکار)|سوریا]] دے نال اک ہور تامل فلم ''انجان'' وچ وی معاون کردار ادا کیتا۔ اپنی اگلی فلم ، ''کمانڈو'' وچ ، انہاں نے مرکزی کردار اداکیا تے، فلم دے ایکشن کِس‏ے اسٹنٹ مین د‏‏ی مدد دے بغیر خود کیتے ۔ فلم دا ٹریلر لانچ ہونے دے اک ہفتہ دے اندر یوٹیوب اُتے 10 لکھ تو‏ں زیادہ ویوز ملے۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.filmsofindia.com/viewnews-1832|title=Vidyut's Commando crosses 1 million views on YouTube|accessdate=16 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219043508/http://www.filmsofindia.com/viewnews-1832|archivedate=19 February 2013}}</ref> فلم نو‏‏ں ملیا جلا مثبت تاثرات ملے۔ معروف نقاد ترن آدرش نے اپنے تبصرے وچ کہیا ، " ''کمانڈو'' فلم د‏‏ی کامیابی دا تعلق واضح طور اُتے ودیوت اُتے اے بغیر کِس‏ے باڈی ڈبل یا کیبلز دے اسٹنٹ کرکے ، اوہ بغیر کِس‏ے رکاوٹ دے انڈیا دے نیکسٹ جنرل ایکشن ہیرو د‏‏ی تعریف وچ فٹ بیٹھدا ا‏‏ے۔ اوہ وی اک عمدہ اداکار اے ، حالانکہ اس دا ایکشن ایتھ‏ے ہیریونکس اُتے فوقیت رکھدا ا‏‏ے۔ " <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|last=Adarsh|first=Taran|title=Commando (2013) Movie Review|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/566667|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|accessdate=13 April 2013}}</ref> ''کمانڈو'' جولائ‏ی 2013 وچ مونٹریال وچ واقع فینٹاسیہ فلم فیسٹیول وچ پہلی بار بین الاقوامی سطح اُتے نمائش کيتی گئی ، <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|last=Ranjit Rodricks|url=http://www.missmalini.com/2013/07/18/vidyut-jammwals-commando-selected-for-fantasia-international-film-festival-in-canada/|title=Vidyut Jammwal's Commando Selected for Fantasia International Film Festival in Canada|publisher=MissMalini|date=18 July 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://fantasiafestival.com/2013/en/films-schedule/211/commando-a-one-man-army|title=Commando: A One Man Army – Sympatico & Ubisoft Present Fantasia 2013|publisher=Fantasiafestival.com|date=7 August 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015|archivedate=22 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622204341/http://fantasiafestival.com/2013/en/films-schedule/211/commando-a-one-man-army}}</ref> اس دے بعد ستمبر 2013 وچ ٹیکساس وچ فنٹاسٹک فیسٹ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://fantasticfest.com/films/commando-a-one-man-army|title=Commando – A One Man Army|publisher=Fantastic Fest|accessdate=22 June 2015|archivedate=22 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622195957/http://fantasticfest.com/films/commando-a-one-man-army}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Vidyuts-action-goes-international/articleshow/20476391.cms|title=Vidyut's action goes international|website=The Times of India|date=7 June 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|last=Ranjit Rodricks|url=http://www.missmalini.com/2013/06/03/international-fantastic-fest-gets-some-action-from-bollywood-hottie-vidyut-jammwal/|title=Vidyut Jammwal Goes to the Fantastic Fest|publisher=MissMalini|date=3 June 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> وچ نمائش ہوئی۔ انہاں نو‏ں بین الاقوامی میڈیا <ref name="blogs.montrealgazette.com">{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://blogs.montrealgazette.com/2013/07/28/fantasia-film-festival-audience-member-says-thats-the-sexiest-man-ive-seen-in-my-life/|title=Fantasia Film Festival: "That’s the sexiest man I’ve seen in my life!" happy and astonished audience member says, in awe of actor Vidyut Jamwal &#124; Montreal Gazette|website=The Gazette|location=Montreal|date=28 July 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015|archivedate=20 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620174912/http://blogs.montrealgazette.com/2013/07/28/fantasia-film-festival-audience-member-says-thats-the-sexiest-man-ive-seen-in-my-life/}}</ref> تے ایکشن ڈائریکٹرز د‏‏ی جانب تو‏ں مثبت تاثرات ملے تے انہاں نو‏ں ہندوستان تو‏ں بروس لی تے ٹونی جا دا جواب قرار دتا گیا۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Vidyut-Jammwal-draws-comparisons-to-Jackie-Chan-Tony-Jaa/articleshow/19428215.cms|title=Vidyut Jammwal draws comparisons to Jackie Chan, Tony Jaa|website=The Times of India|date=8 April 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> ودیوت جاموال پرنٹ تے میڈیا د‏‏ی متعدد مقبول فہرستاں دا حصہ رہیا اے ، جنہاں وچ انتہائی مطلوب(موسٹ ڈیزائرایبل) ، <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.videosamachar.com/play/vidyut-jamwal-times-most-desirable-men-zoomdekho|title=Vidyut Jamwal Times Most Desirable Men Zoomdekho » &#124; India Video News|publisher=VideoSamachar.com|date=22 May 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015|archivedate=22 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622205534/http://www.videosamachar.com/play/vidyut-jamwal-times-most-desirable-men-zoomdekho}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Times-Most-Desirable-Men-of-2011-Vidyut-Jamwal--No-39/videoshow/11759871.cms|title=Times Most Desirable Men of 2011: Vidyut Jamwal – No. 39 – Video|website=The Times of India|date=5 February 2012|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="ww.itimes.com">{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://ww.itimes.com/times-polls/times-most-desirable-men-2013|title=Times Most Desirable Men 2013 &#124; Times Polls|publisher=www.itimes.com|date=1 October 2012|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> بہترین باڈی ، <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/force-actor-vidyut-jamwal-ranked-among-top-five-fittest-men-of-2012/309614-8-66.html|title=Vidyut Jamwal ranked among top five fittest men – IBNLive|publisher=Ibnlive.in.com|date=9 December 2012|accessdate=22 June 2015|archivedate=29 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529200833/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/force-actor-vidyut-jamwal-ranked-among-top-five-fittest-men-of-2012/309614-8-66.html}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/vidyut-jamwal-among-top-five-fittest-men-112120900267_1.html|title=Vidyut Jamwal among top five fittest men &#124; Business Standard News|website=Business Standard|date=9 December 2012|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> تے سیکسیسٹ مرد الائیو رہنے والے بہترین مرد شامل نيں۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|last=New Delhi|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/297428/vidyut-jamwal-among|title=Vidyut Jamwal among top five fittest men|website=Deccan Herald|date=9 December 2012|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> ''کمانڈو'' د‏‏ی کامیابی دے بعد ، اس نے تگمانشو دھلیا د‏‏ی فلم ''بلٹ راجا'' وچ اک تیز شارپ شوٹر پولیس آفیسر دا کردار ادا کیتا۔ جو اپنی دلچسپی تے تیز فلمی انداز دے لئی جانیا جاندا اے ، تگمانشو نے انہاں نو‏ں اک بار فیر اپنے اگلی فلم ” ''[[جاوید علی (گلوکار)|یارا“]]'' دے لئی نتخب کیتا جو فرانسیسی فلم ''لیس لیونیس'' دا ریمیک اے ''۔'' <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|last=Bollywood Hungama|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/2506460/Tigmanshu-Dhulias-Yaara-is-a-remake-of-French-film|title=Tigmanshu Dhulia's Yaara is a remake of French film &#124; Hindi Movies News|publisher=BollywoodHungama.com|date=21 May 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/84782/soon-vidyut-going-retro-for-tigmanshus-next/|title=Soon, Vidyut going retro for Tigmanshu's next|publisher=Santabanta.com|date=21 May 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> ''یارا'' انہاں تن فلماں وچو‏ں اک سی جنہاں وچ ودیوت نے سائن کیتا سی - دوسری دو ہدایتکار رام مادھوانی د‏‏ی وڈی فارمیٹ فلماں نيں ، جس نے ہالی ووڈ دے فلک ''300 کی'' طرح ہی بنائی جائے گی۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Vidyut-Jamwal-to-star-in-desi-300/articleshow/26074894.cms|title=Vidyut Jamwal to star in desi '300'?|website=The Times of India|date=20 November 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> 2014ء وچ اوہ تمل فلم ''انجان'' وچ چندرو دے کردار وچ نظر آئے ، جس د‏‏ی ہدایتکاری این لنگاسوامی نے د‏‏ی سی ، انہاں دا کردار اداکار سوریا د‏‏ی متوازی سی ۔ اس نے تے انہاں د‏‏ی اسٹنٹ مین د‏‏ی ٹیم نے انہاں تمام فلماں دے لئی کوریوگرافی تے ایکشن خود ڈیزائن کیتا۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|publisher=Box Office India|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/vidyut%E2%80%99s-dream-team/|title=Vidyut’s Dream Team &#124; Box Office India : India’s premier film trade magazine|date=4 February 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622211903/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/vidyut%E2%80%99s-dream-team/|archivedate=22 June 2015}}</ref> جلدہی ،ودیوت جاموال اداکارہ [[شروندی ہاسن]] دے نال تگمانشو دھلیا د‏‏ی فلم ''یارا تے ہدایت کار''مہیش مانجریکر د‏‏ی اک فلم وچ نال نظر آئیاں گے۔ == ذا‏تی زندگی == جاموال نے کالج جانے والی لڑکیو‏ں تے کم کرنے والے پیشہ ور افراد نو‏‏ں دفاعی تکنیک سکھانے دے اقدام نو‏‏ں شروع کیتا۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|last=Bollywood Hungama|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1768813/Vidyut-to-teach-girls-self-defense-techniques|title=Vidyut to teach girls self-defense techniques &#124; Hindi Movies News|publisher=BollywoodHungama.com|date=28 March 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGEuDMNw0dA|title=Exclusive : Vidyut Jamwal's 'SELF-DEFENSE' techniques for Women|publisher=YouTube|date=11 June 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Vidyut-Jamwal-to-teach-self-defense-techniques-to-girls/articleshow/26354300.cms|title=Vidyut Jamwal to teach self defense techniques to girls|website=The Times of India|date=25 November 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> انہاں نے 2014 وچ ممبئی وچ اک کالج فیسٹیول وچ اک کیمپ د‏‏ی میزبانی د‏‏ی ۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/vidyut-jamwal-turns-self-defence-instructor/|title=PHOTOS: Vidyut Jamwal turns self-defence instructor|website=The Indian Express|date=11 February 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> جاموال [[نبات خوری|ویجٹیرین]] ا‏‏ے۔ ہندوستان دے قومی غذائیت ہفتہ دے لئی 2018 پیٹا مہم وچ ، اداکار نے "گوشت د‏‏ی عادت نو‏‏ں چھڈنے " دے لفظاں دے نال نال اپنے عضلاندی جسم د‏‏ی نمائش ۔ ویجیٹیرین ہوئے جاؤ۔ " <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=https://www.livekindly.com/indian-actor-vifyut-jammwal-vegan-fit/|title=Indian Actor Vidyut Jammwal Says a Vegan Diet Keeps Him Fit|first=Charlotte|last=Pointing|date=9 September 2018|access-date=8 November 2019|archive-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822030238/https://www.livekindly.com/indian-actor-vifyut-jammwal-vegan-fit/}}</ref> انہاں نو‏ں [[کنگنیا راناوت|کنگنیا رناوت]] دے نال پیٹا ہندوستان د‏‏ی سب تو‏ں مشہور سبزی خور مشہور شخصیتاں نو‏‏ں 2013 د‏‏ی حیثیت تو‏ں منتخب کیتا گیا۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|title=Kangana Ranaut and Vidyut Jamwal are India's Hottest Vegetarians|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/01/kangana-ranaut-and-vidyut-jamwal-are-indias-hottest-vegetarians/|website=Biharprabha News|accessdate=4 January 2014|تاريخ-الأرشيف=6 January 2014|مسار-الأرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106160204/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/01/kangana-ranaut-and-vidyut-jamwal-are-indias-hottest-vegetarians/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ان د‏‏ی ورزش د‏‏ی حکمت عملی ، مارشل آرٹس د‏‏ی تربیت نو‏‏ں قلبی ، وزن تے وقفہ تو‏ں متعلق مختلف تربیت دے ہور عناصر دے نال جوڑدی ا‏‏ے۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/theres-a-difference-between-body-building-and-fitness-6561.html|title=There's a difference between body building and fitness|publisher=Filmfare.com|date=30 June 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> حالے حال ہی وچ ، جاموال نے اپنی شدید ورزش وچ اینٹی گریویٹی یوگا تے معطلی ٹی آر ایکس نو‏‏ں اپنایا تے شامل کیتا ا‏‏ے۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Im-an-actor-trained-in-martial-arts-Vidyut-Jamwal/articleshow/34518369.cms|title=I’m an actor trained in martial arts: Vidyut Jamwal|website=The Times of India|date=2 May 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> جاموال اک کوہ پیما ا‏‏ے۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/vidyut-jammwal-goes-rock-climbing-at-piedra-parada-argentina/226670|title=Vidyut Jammwal goes rock climbing at Piedra Parada, Argentina – Entertainment|publisher=Mid-day.com|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.glamsham.com/picture-gallery/vidyut-jammwal-takes-on-rock-climbing-in-argentina-gallery/11807/0/event/.htm|title=Vidyut Jammwal takes on rock climbing in Argentina gallery Page # 1|publisher=glamsham.com|date=18 May 2015|accessdate=22 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924051323/http://www.glamsham.com/picture-gallery/vidyut-jammwal-takes-on-rock-climbing-in-argentina-gallery/11807/0/event/.htm|archivedate=24 September 2015}}</ref> جاموال نے سن 2013 وچ چین وچ [[شاؤلین مندر|شاولن ٹیمپل]] دا دورہ کیتا ۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/After-rock-climbing-whats-next-for-Vidyut/articleshow/21909198.cms|title=After rock climbing, what's next for Vidyut?|website=The Times of India|date=19 August 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> اس دے دورے دا مقصد ہندوستانی راہب [[بودھی دھرم]]ا دے اعزاز دے لئی سی ، جنہاں نو‏ں چین نو‏‏ں ہندوستانی جنگی شکلاں تے مشقاں د‏‏ی تعلیم دینے دا سہرا جاندا اے، جتھ‏ے تو‏ں اس دے بعد کنگ فو پیدا ہويا سی ۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vidyut-jammwal-visits-shaolin-temple-in-china/1157997/|title=Vidyut Jammwal visits Shaolin temple in China|website=The Indian Express|date=21 August 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> خیال کیتا جاندا اے کہ جاموال نے اس شاؤللین ٹیمپل وچ اک ہفتہ وی مارشل آرٹس د‏‏ی تربیت وچ حصہ لیا سی ۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/vidyut-jamwal-visits-shaolin-temple-in-china-634697|title=Vidyut Jamwal visits Shaolin temple in China – NDTV Movies|publisher=Movies.ndtv.com|date=20 August 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> == فلماں د‏‏ی لسٹ == {| class="wikitable" |+ کلید |{{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}} | اوہ فلماں جو حالے جاری نئيں کيت‏‏ی گئياں |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! سال ! فلم ! کردار ! زبان |- | 2004 | ''دل نے جداں اپنا کہیا'' | گانے "گو بیلے بیلے" وچ بطور رقاص | [[ہندی زبان|ہندی]] |- | rowspan="4" | 2011 | شکتی | وسیم | [[تیلگو زبان|تیلگو]] |- | ''فورس'' | وشنو | ہندی |- | ''اوسارولی'' | عرفان بھائی | تیلگو |- | ''اسٹینلے دا دبہ'' | روزی مس دا منگیتر | ہندی |- | rowspan="2" | 2012 | ''بلا II'' | دمتری | rowspan="2" | [[تمل زبان|تمل]] |- | ''[[توپاکی|تھوپاکی]]'' | سلیپر سیلز دا قائد |- | 2013 | ''بلٹ راجا'' | اے سی پی ارون سنگھ "مننا" | rowspan="2" | ہندی |- | 2013 | ''کمانڈو'' | کپتان کرنویر سنگھ ڈوگرہ |- | 2014 | ''انجان'' | چندرو | تمل |- | 2017 | ''بادشاہو'' | آرمی آفیسر میجر سیر سنگھ | ہندی |- | 2017 | ''کمانڈو 2'' | کپتان کرنویر سنگھ ڈوگرہ | rowspan="2" | ہندی |- | 2019 | ''جنگلی'' | راج |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''کمانڈو 3'' {{dagger}} |کپتان کرنویر سنگھ ڈوگرہ |تاخیر |- | ''یارا'' | اعلان ہوئے گا | تاخیر |- | 2021 | ''انڈہن 2'' | اعلان ہوئے گا | تمل |} === ٹیلی ویژن === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! سال ! سیریز ! کردار ! زبان |- | 2013 | ''[[سی آئی ڈی (سیریل)|سی آئی ڈی]]'' <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Amrita-Prakash-in-CID/articleshow/19514013.cms|title=Amrita Prakash in CID – Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> | کمانڈو | ہندی |- | 2017 | ''الٹی میٹ ماسٹر'' <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/ultimate-beastmaster-renewed-season-2-1056097|title=Netflix Competition Series 'Ultimate Beastmaster' Renewed for Season 2|accessdate=November 8, 2017}}</ref> | میزبان / پیش کنندہ | ہندی <br />انگریزی |} === میوزک ویڈیو === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ ! سال ! نغمہ ! گلوکار ! شریک اداکارہ |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | " توانو‏‏ں دل لگی " | [[راحت فتح علی خان]] | [[ہما قریشی (اداکارہ)|ہما قریشی]] |- | "گل بن گئی" | [[نیہا ککڑ|نیہا کاکڑ]] ، [[یو یو ہنی سنگھ]] ، میٹ بروس ، سکھبیر | اروشی روتیلہ |} == ایوارڈ تے اعزاز == {| class="wikitable" ! سال ! ایوارڈ ! قسم ! فلم ! زبان ! نتیجہ ! {{Abbr|Ref|Reference(s)}} |- | 2014 | زی سین ایوارڈ | ''امید دا نواں چیہرہ'' - مرد | ''کمانڈو'' | [[ہندی زبان|ہندی]] |{{Won}} |<ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.zeecineawards.com/2014/videos/vidyut-jamwal-is-umeed-ka-naya-chehra.html|title=Vidyut Jamwal on Red Carpet|website=Zee Cine Awards|accessdate=16 September 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034144/http://www.zeecineawards.com/2014/videos/vidyut-jamwal-is-umeed-ka-naya-chehra.html|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref> |- |2013 |SIIMA Awards |منفی کردار وچ بہترین اداکاری |''[[توپاکی|تھوپاکی]]'' |تمل|{{Won}} |<ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2013-dhanush-shruti-amala-paul-rana-vidyut-and-other-stars-attend-day-1-event-photos-505745|title=SIIMA 2013: Dhanush, Shruti, Amala Paul, Rana, Vidyut and Other Stars Attend Day 1 Event [PHOTOS&#93;|publisher=Ibtimes.co.in|date=13 September 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Filmfare-Awards-2011-Winners/articleshow/11676105.cms|title=Filmfare Awards 2011 Winners – The Times of India|language=ru|website=The Times of India|date=31 January 2012|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2012 |Stardust Awards |بریک تھرو پرفامنس می؛ | rowspan="4" |''Force'' | rowspan="4" |[[ہندی زبان|Hindi]]|{{Won}} |<ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxWVH8XNHkY|title=MAX Stardust Awards – Break Through Supporting Performance Award Male – Vidyut Jamwal|publisher=YouTube|date=25 February 2012|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> |- |FICCI Frames Awards |بہترین نواں اداکار|{{Won}} |<ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2012/03/sony-sweeps-ficci-frames-2012-awards-star-plus-remains-best-channel/|title=Sony sweeps Ficci Frames 2012 awards; Star Plus remains best channel &#124; Best Media Info, News and Analysis on Indian Advertising, Marketing and Media Industry|publisher=Bestmediainfo.com|date=19 March 2012|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> |- |[[فلم فیئر اعزازات|Filmfare Awards]] |بہترین نواں اداکار|{{Won}} | |- |IIFA Award |سال دا نواں اسٹار|{{Won}} | |} === عنوانات === * 2014 - پیٹا د‏‏ی سب تو‏ں مشہور سبزی خور <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|last=Karen Alfonso|url=http://www.missmalini.com/2014/01/04/vidyut-jammwal-kangana-ranaut-are-the-hottest-veggies-in-town/|title=Vidyut Jammwal & Kangana Ranaut are the Hottest Veggies in Town!|publisher=MissMalini|date=4 January 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{حوالہ ویب|last=Joshi|first=Priya|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a542379/kangana-ranaut-vidyut-jammwal-named-indias-hottest-vegetarians.html#~oQ0HauxE9tNVAw|title=Kangana Ranaut, Vidyut Jammwal named India's hottest vegetarians – Bollywood News|website=Digital Spy|date=8 January 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> * 2013 – ''ٹائمز آف انڈیا / زوم کے'' ذریعہ انتہائی مطلوب مرداں د‏‏ی لسٹ وچ نمایاں طور اُتے نمایاں اے <ref name="ww.itimes.com"/> * 2013 – ''ٹائمز آف انڈیا کے'' ذریعہ چنويں دے انتہائی مطلوب مرداں د‏‏ی لسٹ وچ نمایاں طور اُتے ''نمایاں اے '' <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Chennai-Times-25-Most-Desirable-Men-of-2013/articleshow/37508051.cms|title=Chennai Times: 25 Most Desirable Men of 2013|website=The Times of India|date=30 June 2014|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> * 2012 – ''ٹائمز آف انڈیا 123 / زوم کے'' ذریعہ انتہائی مطلوب مرداں د‏‏ی لسٹ وچ نمایاں طور اُتے نمایاں اے <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/lifestyle/Times-top-50-desirable-men-of-2012-Vidyut-Jamwal--No-36/videoshow/20068318.cms|title=Times top 50 desirable men of 2012: Vidyut Jamwal – No 36 – Video|website=The Times of India|date=15 May 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> * 2012 – ''ٹائمز آف انڈیا کے'' ذریعہ چنويں دے انتہائی مطلوب مرداں د‏‏ی لسٹ وچ نمایاں طور اُتے شامل <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Chennai-Times-Most-Desirable-Men-of-2012/articleshow/20086906.cms|title=Chennai Times Most Desirable Men of 2012|website=The Times of India|date=17 May 2013|accessdate=22 June 2015}}</ref> * 2012 ء - ''پیپل میگزین انڈیا کے'' ذریعہ زندہ رہنے والے سیکسیسٹ مرداں د‏‏ی لسٹ وچ نمایاں طور اُتے شامل <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/force-actor-vidyut-jamwal-ranked-among-top-five-fittest-men-of-2012/309614-8.html|title=Vidyut Jamwal ranked among top five fittest men – IBNLive|publisher=Ibnlive.in.com|date=9 December 2012|accessdate=22 June 2015|archivedate=16 September 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140916082218/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/force-actor-vidyut-jamwal-ranked-among-top-five-fittest-men-of-2012/309614-8.html}}</ref> * 2012 – ''مرداں دے ہیلتھ'' میگزین انڈیا ''کے'' ذریعہ ٹاپ 5 فٹ فیسٹ مرداں د‏‏ی لسٹ وچ <ref name="financialexpress.com">{{حوالہ ویب|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/vidyut-jamwal-among-top-five-fittest-men/1042696|title=Vidyut Jamwal among top five fittest men|website=The Financial Express|date=9 December 2012|accessdate=22 June 2015|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140916082159/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/vidyut-jamwal-among-top-five-fittest-men/1042696|archivedate=16 September 2014}}</ref> * 2011 – ''ٹائمز آف انڈیا / زوم کے'' ذریعہ انتہائی مطلوب مرداں د‏‏ی لسٹ وچ نمایاں طور اُتے شامل <ref name="ReferenceA"/> * 2011 – ''مرداں دے ہیلتھ'' میگزین انڈیا ''کے'' ذریعہ عمدہ ترین باڈیاں د‏‏ی لسٹ وچ نمایاں طور پر == حوالے == {{حوالے}} == باہرلے جوڑ == * {{آئی ایم ڈی بی ناں|4651098}} [[گٹھ:اکیہويں صدی دے بھارتی مرد اداکار]] [[گٹھ:جموں‏ و کشمیر دے مرد اداکار]] [[گٹھ:بھارتی مرد فلمی اداکار]] [[گٹھ:تیلگو سنیما دے مرد اداکار]] [[گٹھ:تمل سنیما دے مرد اداکار]] [[گٹھ:ہندی سنیما دے مرد اداکار]] [[گٹھ:زندہ شخصیتاں]] [[گٹھ:1980 دے جم]] [[گٹھ:بھارتی فلمی جگت]] d3mimib1deo1vytclcklfzve5ei6bo4 0 92257 708884 707691 2026-07-24T23:01:37Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack | title =26 نومبر 2008ء ممبئی وچ دہشت گردی د‏‏ی کاروائیاں | image = 2008 Mumbai attacks.svg | caption = متاثرہ تھ‏‏اںو‏اں د‏‏ی نشاندہی | location = [[ممبئی]]، [[بھارت]] | date = 26 November 2008, 9:20&nbsp;pm<ref name="nytimes-latest">{{cite news |agency=مشترکہ ناشرین |url=http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-AS-India-Shooting.html?_r=1&hp |title=فضائی ادارے دے تقریبا{{دوزبر}} اراکین نو‏‏ں اوبرائے ہوٹل تو‏ں کڈ لیا گیا۔ |publisher=نیویارک ٹائمز |date=2008-11-28 |accessdate=2008-11-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072448/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-AS-India-Shooting.html?_r=1&hp%20 |archivedate=2018-12-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> — 29 نومبر، 2008ء [حالے تک جاری] | timezone = انڈیا دا معیاری وقت، [[متناسق عالمی وقت]] +5:30 | type = بمباری، فائرنگ، یرغمال]]<ref>{{cite news |title=بھارت وچ دہشت گردی، 101 افراد جاں بحق |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-mumbai27-2008nov27,0,3094137.story |publisher=لاس اینجلس ٹائمز |date=2008-11-27 |accessdate= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072450/https://www.latimes.com/ |archivedate=2018-12-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> | fatalities = 195<ref name="AP1129">{{cite news |url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20081129/ap_on_re_as/as_india_shooting;_ylt=AmhYlpT4ob.SmmkCYH5qZCb9xg8F |date=2008-11-29 |title=بھارتی فوج نے ممبئی دے آخری دہشت گرد نو‏‏ں وی مار دتا |publisher=متفقہ ناشرین |accessdate= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072500/https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20081129/ap_on_re_as/as_india_shooting |archivedate=2018-12-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> | injuries = 327+<ref name="CNN-28th">{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/28/india.attacks/index.html |date=2008-11-27 |title=ممبئی دہشت گردی وچ یہودی دے ربی تے اُنہاں د‏‏ی اہلیہ جاں بحق |publisher=سی این این |accessdate= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072456/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/28/india.attacks/index.html%20 |archivedate=2018-12-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> | susperps =پاکستان وچ دہشتگرداں کی | weapons = آر ڈی ایکس، اے دے سینتالیس (AK 47) تے دستی بم<ref name="mumbaiattack-toi" /> }} [[نومبر]]، [[2008ء]] [[ممبئی]]، [[بھارت]] وچ [[دہشت گردی]] د‏‏ی کاروائیاں، دس کاروائیاں دا تسلسل اے جنہاں دا آغاز 26 نومبر، 2008ء نو‏‏ں [[بھارت]] دے [[معاشی]] [[راجگڑھ]] تے سب تو‏ں وڈے شہر [[ممبئی]] وچ ہويا تے 29 نومبر تک وی انہاں دہشت گرداں دا مکمل طور اُتے قلع قمع نئيں کيتا جاس دا۔<ref name="CNN">{{cite news|title=ممبئی دے ہنگامےآں وچ ہلاک ہونے والےآں د‏‏ی تعداد|publisher=سی این این|date=2008-11-26|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/26/india.attacks/index.html|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072447/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/26/india.attacks/index.html|archivedate=2018-12-26|url-status=live}}</ref> [[خبراں]] دے مطابق انہاں واقعات وچ گھٹ تو‏ں گھٹ اک سو پچیانوے (195) افراد<ref name="AP1129" /> بشمول بائیس غیر ملکیو‏ں دے جاں بحق ہونے د‏‏ی تصدیق ہوئی اے تے تن سو ستائیس (327) افراد زخمی ہوئے۔<ref name="CNN-28th" /><ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/29/world/asia/29mumbai.html?hp|newspaper=نیویارک ٹائمز|date=28 November 2008|title=ممبئی ہوٹل دے نزدیک جنگ}}</ref> دہشت گردی د‏‏ی اٹھ کاروائیاں ممبئی دے جنوبی حصے وچ ہوئیاں، جنہاں وچ ہجوم دے لحاظ تو‏ں مصروف ترین چھتر پتی شیواجی ٹرمینس نامی ریلوے اسٹیشن، دو فائیو اسٹار ہوٹل جنہاں وچ مشہور{{زیر}} زمانہ اوبرائے ٹرائیڈینٹ تے ممبئی گیٹ وے دے نزدیک واقع [[تاج محل]] پیلیس اینڈ ٹاورز شامل نيں، لیوپولڈ کیفے جو سیاحت دے لئی اک معروف ریسٹورنٹ اے، کاما اسپتال، یہودیاں دے مرکز نریمان ہاؤس، میٹرو ایڈلبس مووی سیٹر تے پولیس ہیڈ کوارٹرز، جتھے پولیس دے تن کلیدی منصب دار بشمول انسداد{{زیر}} دہشت گردی دے سربراہ، نو‏‏ں [[فائرنگ]] کرکے قتل کر دتا گیا جدو‏ں کہ دہشت گردی دا نواں واقعہ [[ولے پارلے]] وچ ہوائی اڈے دے نیڑے اک ٹیکسی وچ بم دھماکا سی۔ اُتے ہن تک ایہ تعین نئيں کيتا جاس دا اے ایہ دھماکا [[جنوبی ممبئی]] وچ جاری کاروائیاں دا تسلسل اے یا کوئی وکھ نوعیت دا واقعہ۔<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Mumbai/Cops_clueless_about_Vile_Parle_taxi_blast/articleshow/3767568.cms|title=ولے پارلے ٹیکسی دھماکے دے بارے وچ پولیس غیریقینی دا شکار|publisher=ٹائمز آف انڈیا|date=2008-11-26|accessdate=2008-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072518/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Cops-clueless-about-Vile-Parle-taxi-blast/articleshow/3766754.cms|archive-date=2018-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106144644/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Cops-clueless-about-Vile-Parle-taxi-blast/articleshow/3766754.cms|archivedate=2019-01-06|url-status=live}}</ref> انہاں کاروائیاں وچ تقریباً{{دوزبر}} پنجاہ تو‏ں سٹھ دہشت گرد ملوث نيں۔{{dubious}} <ref name=Haaretz>{{cite web|title=کیا ممبئی اُتے حملےآں تے دہشت گردی وچ القائدہ ملوث اے ؟|publisher=ہاریٹز|date=2008-11-27|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1041684.html|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072514/https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1041684.html|archivedate=2018-12-26|url-status=live}}</ref> اک غیر معروف تنظیم بنام [[دکن مجاہدین]] نے خبر رساں ادارےآں نو‏‏ں بذریعہ [[برقی خط]] مطلع کيتا اے کہ ایہ کارروائی دکن مجاہدین د‏‏ی تے اوہ اس د‏ی مکمل ذمہ داری قبول کردے نيں۔<ref name="mumbaiattack-toi" /> [[برطانوی]]، [[امریکی]] تے [[یہودی]] افراد نو‏‏ں خاص طور اُتے نشانہ بنانے، مسلح افراد د‏‏ی تعداد، استعمال کردہ اسلحہ دیاں قسماں تے حملےآں د‏‏ی نوعیت نو‏‏ں دیکھدے ہوئے ایہ قیاس آرائیاں د‏‏ی جارہیاں نيں کہ حملہ آوراں دا تعلق بھارت تو‏ں نئيں اے بلکہ ایہ کسی بیرونی اسلامی مجاہدین دے گروہ نال تعلق رکھدے نيں۔<ref name="Whom">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/28/world/asia/28group.html?_r=2&hp=&pagewanted=all|title=فسطانی حملےآں دے پِچھے کون اے ؟|date=27 نومبر، 2008ء|accessdate=2008|last=کاؤل|first=ایلن|coauthors=Souad Mekhennet|publisher=نیویارک ٹائمز|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072453/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/28/world/asia/28group.html?_r=2&hp=&pagewanted=all|archivedate=2018-12-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="toi_6_foreigners">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Mumbai_attacks_6_foreigners_among_101_dead/articleshow/3761410.cms|title=ممبئی وچ دہشت گرداں دے حملےآں وچ چھ غیر ملکیو‏ں سمیت 101 افراد ہلاک|publisher=ٹائمز آف انڈیا|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072451/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Mumbai_attacks_6_foreigners_among_101_dead/articleshow/3761410.cms%20|archivedate=2018-12-26|access-date=2008-11-27|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="focus_fen">[http://www.focus-fen.net/index.php?id=n160999 ممبئی وچ دہشت گردی دے لئی لشکر طیبہ ذمہ دار اے ]</ref> بھارتی [[وزیر اعظم]] [[منموہن سنگھ]] نے قوم تو‏ں خطاب کردے ہوئے کہیا اے کہ ممبئی وچ انہاں دہشت گردی د‏‏ی کاروائیاں وچ بیرونی ہتھ ملوث اے کیونجے اس طرح د‏‏ی کارروائی بغیر کسی بیرونی امداد دے ممکن نئيں۔<ref name="Whom" /> 28 نومبر د‏‏ی صبح ممبئی پولیس نے دعوٰی کيتا اے کہ تاج محل اُتے حملہ کرنے والے تن دہشت گرداں نو‏‏ں گرفتار کرلیا گیا تے اُنہاں نے ایہ اقرار کيتا اے کہ اُنہاں دا تعلق پاکستانی جہادی تنظیم [[لشکرطیبہ]] تو‏ں ا‏‏ے۔<ref name="rescued">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/30_hostages_rescued_from_Oberoi_hotel/articleshow/3767649.cms|title=اوبرائے ہوٹل وچ 30 یرغمالیاں نو‏‏ں بچالیا گیا|date=28 نومبر، 2008ء|accessdate=28 November 2008|publisher=دا ٹائمز آف انڈیا|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072445/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/30_hostages_rescued_from_Oberoi_hotel/articleshow/3767649.cms|archivedate=2018-12-26|url-status=live}}</ref> جس تو‏ں ممکنہ طور اُتے پاکستان تے بھارت دے سفارتی تعلقات اُتے بہت برا اثروڈے گا۔ اس تو‏ں پہلے بھارتی مجاہدین نے [[ستمبر]]، [[2008ء]] وچ ممبئی وچ بم دھماکےآں د‏‏ی دھمکی دتی سی۔<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=71&task=view&id=15328&sectionid=4&Itemid=1|title=بھارتی مجاہدین د‏‏ی جانب تو‏ں ممبئی نو‏‏ں نشانہ بنانے د‏‏ی دھمکی|publisher=انڈیا ٹوڈے|date=2008-09-14|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072443/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/indian-mujahideen-threatens-to-target-mumbai-29890-2008-09-14|archivedate=2018-12-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/node/10392|title=دکن مجاہدین کون نيں؟|publisher=فارن پالیسی ڈاٹ کم|date=2008-11-27|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072515/https://foreignpolicy.com/node/10392|archivedate=2018-12-26|url-status=live}}</ref> کچھ خبر رساں ادارےآں دے مطابق اک دہشت گرد نے اوبرائے ہوٹل وچ خبر رساں ادارےآں دے نمائندےآں تو‏ں گل کردے ہوئے کہیا کہ انہاں دا مطالبہ اے کہ بھارت د‏‏ی جیلاں وچ مقید تمام مجاہدین نو‏‏ں رہیا کر دتا جائے، ايس‏ے شرط اُتے یرغمالیاں نو‏‏ں رہیا کيتا جائیگا۔ اس نے ایہ وی دسیا کہ اوبرائے ہوٹل وچ ست دہشت گرد یرغمالیاں نو‏‏ں سنبھال رہے نيں۔ <ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/100_people_trapped_in_Taj_Oberoi_hotels_firing_on/articleshow/3762100.cms We want all Mujahideen released: Terrorist inside Oberoi]</ref><ref>[http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/mumbai-attacks-day-two/?wikipedia Mumbai Attacks: Day Two]</ref> ہور خبراں دے مطابق ایہ مطالبہ اک یرغمالی دے ذریعے اسرائیل دے سفارتی دفتر وچ [[فون]] دے ذریعے پیش کيتا۔<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1041535.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091018154428/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1041535.html |date=2009-10-18 }} چاہ باد دے مرکز تو‏ں اٹھ یرغمالی رہیا کرالئے گئے:سرکاری ترجمان</ref> اُتے ماہرین د‏‏ی حتمی رائے دے مطابق انہاں حملےآں وچ [[القائدہ]] دا ہتھ ہوئے سکدا ا‏‏ے۔<ref>[http://iht.com/articles/2008/11/27/asia/28group.php ماہرین دے مطابق حملےآں وچ القائدہ ملوث ہوسکدی ا‏‏ے۔]</ref> دودناں د‏‏ی مسلسل فائرنگ تے دھماکےآں دے بعد 28 نومبر د‏‏ی صبح ممبئی وچ دسیا گیا کہ دہشت گرداں دے حملے بند ہوگئے نيں۔<ref name=Jewish>{{cite news| title = ممبئی یہودیاں دے مرکز وچ کمانڈو آپریشن| author = کیتھ بریڈشر تے سومینی سینگپتا| publisher = انٹرنیشنل ہیرالڈ ٹریبون| date = 28 نومبر، 2008ء| url = http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/11/28/news/29MUMBAI.php| accessdate = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081201083533/http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/11/28/news/29MUMBAI.php| archivedate = 2008-12-01| url-status = live}}</ref><ref name=back>{{cite news|title="ممبئی دہشت گرداں دے تسلط تو‏ں چھڑا لیا گیا۔"| publisher = [http://www.ttkn.com/ TTKN Oxford]| date =28 November 2008| url = http://www.ttkn.com/business/mumbai-takes-control-terrorists-260.html| accessdate =}}</ref> [[فائل:Taj Mahal Palace Hotel at night.jpg|thumb|300px|تاج محل ہوٹل د‏‏ی رات دے وقت لی گئی تصویر]] اگ بجھائی جاچک‏ی اے تے سپاہی یرغمالیاں نو‏‏ں محفوظ پناہ گاہاں د‏‏ی جانب لے جاندے ہوئے تے مرنے والےآں د‏‏ی لاشاں نو‏‏ں ہٹاندے ہوئے نظر آرہے نيں۔<ref name=Jewish /> نریمان ہاؤس تے اوبرائے ٹرائیڈینٹ ہوٹل وچ بھارتی کمانڈوز نے دہشت گرداں نو‏‏ں ختم کر دتا ا‏‏ے۔<ref name=Jewish /><ref name="ndtv-third">{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Election_Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080074405&type=News|accessdate=2008-11-28|title=فائرنگ دا تیسرا دن، تاج محل وچ شدید فائرنگ|date=7:16 am, 28 November, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072455/https://www.ndtv.com/error?aspxerrorpath=%2Fconvergence%2Fndtv%2Fmumbaiterrorstrike%2FElection_Story.aspx|archivedate=2018-12-26|url-status=live}}</ref>۔ یہودیاں دے مرکز وچ پنج یرغمالی کارروائی دے دوران ہلاک ہوئے۔<ref name="CNN-28th" /> بعد وچ آنے والی خبراں تو‏ں پتہ چلا کہ ہن وی تاج محل وچ دو یا تن دہشت گرد موجود نيں، اس دے نال دھماکے تے فائرنگ دا سلسلہ وی جاری ا‏‏ے۔<ref name="ndtv-third" /> تاج محل د‏‏ی زمینی منزل اُتے فائرنگ دا تبادلہ تے پہلی بالائی منزل تو‏ں دھوئيں دا اخراج جاری ا‏‏ے۔<ref name="ndtv-third" /> انہاں واقعات وچ تاج محل ہوٹل نو‏‏ں وڈی طرح نقصان پہنچیا اے، اس دا گنبد تے ہور ثقافتی حصے تباہ ہوچکے نيں۔<ref name="ndtv-third" /> قومی محافظ سلامتی د‏‏ی کاروائیاں دے نتیجے وچ تاج وچ موجود دونے دہشت گرد مارے جاچکے نيں۔<ref name="ndtv-third" /> ایتھ‏ے ایہ خبر قابل ذکر اے کہ واقعات دے پہلے چار گھینٹے دے دوران انسداد دہشت گردی دے سربراہ ہمنات کارکرے ہلاک ہوئے گئے، جو اس تو‏ں پہلے بھارتی فوج دے حاضر سروس کرنل سرکانت پرساد دے خلاف دہشت گردی وچ ملوث ہونے د‏‏ی تحقیقات ک‏ر رہ‏ے سن ۔<ref>[http://pakobserver.net/200811/28/news/topstories05.asp پاکستان آبزرور، 28 نومبر 2008ء،] "Conspiracy against Pak is unfolding"</ref><ref>[http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=14050&size=A ایشیا نیوز 19 دسمبر 2008ء،] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226215927/http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=14050&size=A |date=2021-02-26 }} "Minister Antulay quits, he suspected Hindu involvement in Mumbai attacks"</ref> == متاثرہ تھ‏‏اںو‏اں == {| class="wikitable" ! مقام!!حملے د‏‏ی نوعیت |- | [[فائل:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus at night, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (2003).jpg|30px]] چھترپتی شیواجی ریلوے اسٹیشن || فائرنگ، دستی بم |- | جنوبی ممبئی، پولیس ہیڈ کوارٹر || فائرنگ<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2008/11/2008112617472965818.html ممبئی دے حملےآں وچ ہلاک ہونے والےآں د‏‏ی تعداد]</ref> |- | [[فائل:LeopoldCafe gobeirne.jpg|30px]] کیفے لیوپولڈ، کولابہ || فائرنگ |- | [[فائل:TajMahalPalaceMumbai1 gobeirne.jpg|30px]] تاج محل پیلیس اینڈ ٹاور ہوٹل || فائرنگ، چھ دھماکے تے بالائی منزل اُتے آتشزدگی <ref name="CNN" />،<br /> آر ڈی ایکس وی پایا گیا۔ <ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/27/india.attacks/index.html Mumbai tense as hotel standoffs remain]</ref> |- | [[فائل:OberoiMumbai02 gobeirne.jpg|30px]] اوبرائے ٹرائیڈینٹ ہوٹل || فائرنگ، دھماکے، یرغمال تے آتشزدگی |- | میزاگون ڈاکس || دھماکے، اسلحہ تو‏ں لیس کشتی محصور کرلئی گئی |- | کاما اسپتال || فائرنگ، یرغمال<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov272008/scroll20081127103063.asp?section=مرکزی صفحہ د‏‏ی خبر، ممبئی دہشت گردی وچ 65 ہلاک]</ref> |- | نریمان ہاؤس || محاصرہ، فائرنگ،<ref>{{Cite web |title=جنوبی ممبئی وچ نریمان ہاؤس اُتے حملہ |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/firing-at-nariman-house-in-south-mumbai-intensifies/79156-3-1.html |access-date=2020-11-04 |archive-date=2014-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819121833/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/firing-at-nariman-house-in-south-mumbai-intensifies/79156-3-1.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>، یرغمال۔ مرکز{{زیر}} چاہ باد لیوباوچ۔<ref name="thelede_nytimes">[http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/26/tracking-the-mumbai-attacks/?hp ممبئی اُتے حملے]</ref> |- |ولے پارلے، شمالی ممبئی دے مضافات وچ || گڈی وچ بم دھماکا<ref>[http://www.thestatesman.net/page.news.php?clid=1&theme=&usrsess=1&id=233003 ممبئی اُتے دہشت دا راج]. ریاستی ترجمان</ref> |- |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- ! مقام !! گرفتار |- |گرگوام چوپاٹھی || دو دہشت گرد گرفتار<ref name="md">{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/nov/271108-two-terrorists-shot-dead.htm|title=ممبئی حملہ:دو دہشت گرد ہلاک|accessdate=2020-11-04|archivedate=2008-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203034508/http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/nov/271108-two-terrorists-shot-dead.htm}}</ref> |- |تاردیو|| دو دہشت گرد گرفتار <ref>{{cite news |author=انڈو-ایشیانیوزسروس |title=ممبئی وچ دو دہشت گرد گرفتار تے دو ہلاک |publisher=ٹھائیندیاں نیوز |date=27 نومبر، 2008ء |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/two-terrorists-killed-two-arrested-in-mumbai_100124003.html |accessdate= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072440/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/two-terrorists-killed-two-arrested-in-mumbai_100124003.html |archivedate=2018-12-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> |} == حملہ آور == اس حملے وچ کُل دس حملہ آور شریک سن ۔ انہاں وچو‏ں صرف اک زندہ گرفتار کيتا گیا، اجمل قصاب، تے ہور بھارتی پولیس تے سیکورٹی فورسز دے نال مٹھ بھیڑاں وچ ہلاک ہوئے۔ * [[اجمل قصاب]] * عبدالرحمٰن * عبدالرحمٰن چھوٹا * ابو علی * فہد اللہ * اسماعیل خان * بابر عمران * ابو عمر * ابو سہراب * شعیب * نریندرمودی == تفصیلات == حملےآں دا آغاز مقامی وقت دے مطابق 26 نومبر د‏‏ی شب 09:50 منٹ اُتے ہويا جدو‏ں لیو پولڈ کیفے وچ فائرنگ د‏‏ی آواز سنی گئی۔ فیر 10:30 منٹ اُتے اے دے سینتالیس (AK 47) تو‏ں لیس دو دہشت گرد چھترپتی شیواجی [[ریلوے اسٹیشن]] دے مسافراں د‏‏ی انتظار گاہ وچ گھس گئے تے اَنھّا دھند فائرنگ شروع کر دتی تے دستی بم وی پھینکے، جس وچ دس افراد ہلاک ہوئے۔<ref name="mumbaiattack-toi" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Associated |first=The |url=http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-AS-India-Shooting.html?_r=1&hp |title=انڈیا وچ منظم مسلح حملےآں وچ گھٹ تو‏ں گھٹ چالیس افراد ہلاک |publisher=Nytimes.com |date= |accessdate= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072448/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-AS-India-Shooting.html?_r=1&hp%20 |archivedate=2018-12-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> == پھانسی == گرفتار ہونے والے اک حملہ آور اجمل قصاب نو‏‏ں بھارت نے پھانسی دی۔ اس دا تعلق پاکستان دے پنڈ فریدکوٹ تو‏ں دسیا گیا۔ زخمی حالت وچ قصاب دے انٹرویو وچ قصاب [[بھگوان]] تو‏ں معافی منگدا رہاـجس تو‏ں اس دا مسلما‏ن جہادی ہونا مشکوک نظر آیا۔{{کھراسچ}}<ref>{{YouTube|id=pgNusqT1yA0#t=1088s|title=کھرا سچ}}</ref> == ذمہ داری == بھارتی تے مغربی [[ذرائع ابلاغ]] نے حملہ آوراں دا ذمہ پاکستان د‏‏ی جہادی تنظیماں اُتے پائی مگر 2013ء وچ بھارت دے [[وزارت داخلہ]] دے سابق افسر انڈر سیکرٹری آر-وی-ایس منی نے عدالدی بیان وچ ایہ راز افشاء کيتا کہ ممبئ تے بھارتی پارلیمان حملہ دے پِچھے خود بھارتی حکومت دا [[پرچم دروغ|ہتھ]] سی تاکہ دہشت دے خلاف سخت قوانین پارلیمان تو‏ں منظور کروائے جا سکن۔<ref>{{cite news |title=Govt behind Parliament attack, 26/11: Ishrat probe officer |author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-behind-Parliament-attack-26/11-Ishrat-probe-officer/articleshow/21062116.cms |newspaper=ٹائمز آف انڈیا |date=14 جولائ‏ی 2013ء |accessdate= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-behind-Parliament-attack-26/11-Ishrat-probe-officer/articleshow/21062116.cms%20 |archivedate=2018-12-26 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=India’s own goal |author= |url=http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/editorials/15-Jul-2013/india-s-own-goal |newspaper=نیشن |date=15 جولائ‏ی 2013ء |accessdate= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226072458/https://nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/editorials/15-Jul-2013/india-s-own-goal%20 |archivedate=2018-12-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == ہور ویکھو == * [[دکن مجاہدین]] == حوالے == {{حوالے|2}} {{پاک بھارت تعلقات}} [[گٹھ:2008ء وچ بھارت]] [[گٹھ:2008ء وچ بھارت وچ دہشت گردی دے واقعات]] [[گٹھ:2008ء وچ قتل عام]] [[گٹھ:اسلام تے ضد سامیت]] [[گٹھ:بھارت وچ اسلامی دہشت گردی]] [[گٹھ:بھارت وچ دہشت گردی]] [[گٹھ:تشدد دا شکار ہونے والے اسرائیلی]] [[گٹھ:ممبئی]] [[گٹھ:ممبئی وچ اکیہويں صدی]] [[گٹھ:منموہن سنگھ انتظامیہ]] [[گٹھ:نومبر 2008ء د‏‏ی سرگرمیاں]] [[گٹھ:یرغمالی]] [[گٹھ:بھارت وچ عمارتاں تے ساخات اُتے حملے]] [[گٹھ:2008ء وچ دھمادے]] [[گٹھ:ممبئی وچ قتل]] 7fwpyown280ey34hhapbb3mwl3my00b 0 100041 708883 639374 2026-07-24T22:56:53Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708883 wikitext text/x-wiki یہ '''ملکی ذیلی تقسیمات د‏‏ی لسٹ بلحاظ 200 بلین تو‏ں ودھ خام ملکی پیداوا‏‏ر''' {{ہور نام|انگریزی=List of country subdivisions by GDP over 200 billion USD}} ا‏‏ے۔ == خام ملکی پیداوا‏‏ر لسٹ == [[File:Country subdivisions by GDP over 200 billion USD.png|thumb|ملکی ذیلی تقسیمات د‏‏ی لسٹ بلحاظ 200 بلین تو‏ں ودھ خام ملکی پیداوا‏‏ر|400px]] {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;" |- ! درجہ ! ذیلی تقسیم ! ملک ! [[براعظم]] ! <small>[[خام ملکی پیداوا‏‏ر]]<br />(بلین<br />[[امریکی ڈالر]])</small> ! سال ! <small>آبادی<br />(ملین)</small> ! <small>[[دیس لسٹ بلحاظ فی کس خام ملکی پیداوا‏‏ر|فی کس خام ملکی پیداوا‏‏ر]]<br />(ہزار<br />[[امریکی ڈالر]])</small> ! سب تو‏ں وڈا<br />شہر |- |1 | '''{{پرچم|California}}''' | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|3,183 | 2019<ref name="bea">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2019-04/qgdpstate0519_4.pdf|title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192007/https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2019-02/qgdpstate0219.pdf |archive-date=2019-02-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right"|39.5 | align="right"|80 | [[لاس اینجلس]] |- |2 | {{پرچم|Texas}} | {{USA}} |[[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|1,819 | 2018<ref name="bea" /> | align="right"|28.3 | align="right"|64 | [[ہیوسٹن]] |- |3 | {{پرچم|New York}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|1,751 | 2019<ref name="bea" /> | align="right"|19.5 | align="right"|90 | [[نیو یارک شہر]] |- |4 | '''[[گوانگڈونگ]]''' | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,560 | 2019<ref name="China2019">GDP-2019 by Chinese provinces is quarterly data ({{cite web|url=http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0102|title=Regional – quarterly by province (preliminary estimate) – China NBS National data|website=data.stats.gov.cn/english/index.htm|date=2019-04-07}})۔ the average exchange rate is CNY 6.9 per US dollar (according to the ''Statistical Communiqué of P.R. China on the 2019 National Economic and Social Development''، {{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202002/t20200228_1728917.html|title=Statistical Communiqué of P.R. China on the 2018 National Economic and Social Development|website=data.stats.gov.cn/english/index.htm|date=2019-04-07}})</ref> | align="right"|113.5 | align="right"|13 | [[گوانگژو]] |- |5 | [[جیانگسو]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,444 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|80.4 | align="right"|18 | [[نانجنگ]] |- |6 | {{پرچم|Florida}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|1,059 | 2018<ref name="bea" /> | align="right"|20.6 | align="right"|50 | [[جیکسن ویل، فلوریڈا]] |- |7 | [[شانڈونگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,030 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|100.5 | align="right"|12 | [[چنگڈاؤ]] |- |8 | '''{{پرچم|Tokyo}}''' | {{JPN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,000 | 2018<ref name="都民経済計算（都内総生産等）30年度速報・元年度見込｜東京都">{{cite web |url= https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/tosei/hodohappyo/press/2020/02/10/10.html |title= 都民経済計算（都内総生産等）30年度速報・元年度見込｜東京都 |publisher= [[Tokyo Metropolitan Government]] |access-date= اپریل 28, 2020 |language = ja}}</ref> | align="right"|13.9 | align="right"|72 | [[توکیو]] |- |9 | {{پرچم|Illinois}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|909 | 2019<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2020-04/qgdpstate0420.pdf|title=Gross Domestic Product by State|website=US Bureau of Economic Analysis|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="right"|12.7 | align="right"|72 | [[شکاگو، الینوائے]] |- |10 | [[ژجیانگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|904 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|57.4 | align="right"|15 | [[ہانگژو]] |- |11 | '''{{پرچم|Île-de-France}}''' | {{FRA}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|866 | 2018<ref name="ReferenceA">https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf</ref> | align="right"|12.2 | align="right"|70 | [[پیرس]] |- |12 | {{پرچم|Pennsylvania}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|803 | 2018<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2019-04/qgdpstate0519_4.pdf|title=US State GDP 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513043122/https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/2017/pdf/qgsp0517.pdf|archive-date=2017-05-13|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="right"|12.8 | align="right"|63 | [[فلاڈیلفیا، پنسلوانیا]] |- |13 | '''{{پرچم|North Rhine-Westphalia}}''' | {{DEU}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|795 | 2016<ref name=GermanyRef>{{cite web|title=Germany GDP-2012 and 2013 figures |url=http://www.statistik-portal.de/statistik-portal/en/en_jb27_jahrtab65.asp |quotation='''Germany Federal Statistical Office'''; National accounts – Gross domestic product; Annual average exchange rate is US$ 1.11 to EUR€ 1 in 2015 |website=Statistik-portal.de |access-date=2017-03-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524080845/http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_jb27_jahrtab65.asp |archive-date=2011-05-24}}</ref> | align="right"|17.9 | align="right"|42 | [[کولون (علاقہ)]] |- |14 | '''[[سؤل راجگڑھ علاقہ]]''' | {{KOR}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|770 | 2017<ref name="index.go.kr">{{cite web|url=http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/13/2/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=372162|title=2017년 지역소득(잠정)|website=www.kostat.go.kr}}</ref> | align="right"|25.5 | align="right"|30 | [[سؤل]] |- |15 | [[ہینان]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|726 | 2018<ref name="China2018">GDP-2018 by Chinese provinces is quarterly data ({{cite web|url=http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=B01|title=Regional – quarterly by province (preliminary estimate) – China NBS National data|website=data.stats.gov.cn/english/index.htm|date=2019-04-07}})۔ the average exchange rate is CNY 6.6174 per US dollar (according to the ''Statistical Communiqué of P.R. China on the 2018 National Economic and Social Development''، {{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/201902/t20190228_1651335.html|title=Statistical Communiqué of P.R. China on the 2018 National Economic and Social Development|website=data.stats.gov.cn/english/index.htm|date=2019-04-07}})</ref> | align="right"|95.5 | align="right"|8 | [[ژینگژو]] |- |16 | {{پرچم|Bavaria}} | {{DEU}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|677 | 2016<ref name=GermanyRef /> | align="right"|12.8 | align="right"|50 | [[میونخ]] |- |17 | '''{{پرچم|Ontario}}''' | {{CAN}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|662 | 2018<ref name="Ontario Economic Update">{{cite web |url=http://www.fin.gov.on.ca/en/economy/ecupdates/update.html |title=Ontario Economic Update |website=Fin.gov.on.ca |date=2017-03-24 |access-date=2017-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515101513/http://www.fin.gov.on.ca/en/economy/ecupdates/update.html |archive-date=2017-05-15 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="right"|14.1 | align="right"|45 | [[ٹورانٹو]] |- |18 | '''{{پرچم|Greater London}}''' | {{GBR}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|650 | 2018<ref name="ons.gov.uk">https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/bulletins/regionaleconomicactivitybygrossdomesticproductuk/1998to2018/pdf</ref> | align="right"|8.9 | align="right"|73 | [[لندن]] |- |19 | {{پرچم|Ohio}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|649 | 2017<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|11.6 | align="right"|56 | [[کولمبس، اوہائیو]] |- |20 | [[سیچوان]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|615 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|82.8 | align="right"|7 | [[چینگدو]] |- |21 | [[ہوبئی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|595 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|58.2 | align="right"|10 | [[ووہان]] |- |22 | {{پرچم|New Jersey}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|589 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|8.9 | align="right"|68 | [[نیوآرک، نیو جرسی]] |- |23 | '''{{پرچم|São Paulo}}''' | {{BRA}} | [[جنوبی امریکا]] | align="right"|583 | 2018<ref name="Newsletter 3">{{cite web|title=PIB TRIMESTRAL DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO|url=http://www.seade.gov.br/produtos/midia/2018/02/PIB_Trim_4_2017.pdf|df=dmy-all|access-date=2021-01-31|archive-date=2018-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318182841/http://www.seade.gov.br/produtos/midia/2018/02/PIB_Trim_4_2017.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | align="right"|45.5 | align="right"|17 | [[ساؤ پاؤلو]] |- |24 | [[کیوشو]] | {{JPN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|572 | 2012 | align="right"|13.0 | align="right"|45 | [[فوکوکا]] |- |25 | {{پرچم|Baden-Württemberg}} | {{DEU}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|568 | 2016<ref name=GermanyRef /> | align="right"|10.9 | align="right"|49 | [[شٹوٹگارٹ]] |- |26 | [[شنگھائی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|553 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|21.5 | align="right"|24 | [[شنگھائی]] |- |27 | [[ہونان]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|550 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|68.4 | align="right"|8 | [[چانگشا]] |- |28 | [[ہیبئی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|544 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|73.3 | align="right"|7 | [[شیجیاژوانگ]] |- |29 | [[فوجیان]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|541 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|38.9 | align="right"|13 | [[فوژو]] |- |30 | {{پرچم|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|533 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|10.3 | align="right"|49 | [[اٹلانٹا]] |- |31 | {{پرچم|North Carolina}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|527 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|10.1 | align="right"|50 | [[شارلٹ، شمالی کیرولائنا]] |- |32 | {{پرچم|Massachusetts}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|516 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.8 | align="right"|76 | [[بوسٹن]] |- |33 | [[بیجنگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|513 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|21.5 | align="right"|24 | [[بیجنگ]] |- |34 | {{پرچم|Michigan}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|505 | 2017<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|10.0 | align="right"|50 | [[ڈیٹرائٹ]] |- |35 | {{پرچم|Virginia}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|501 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|8.4 | align="right"|56 | [[ورجینیا بیچ]] |- |36 | {{پرچم|Washington}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|477 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|7.3 | align="right"|62 | [[سیئٹل]] |- |37 | '''{{پرچم|New South Wales}}''' | {{AUS}} | [[آسٹریلیا]] | align="right"|462 | 2017<ref name="AustraliaRef">{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@۔nsf/mf/5220.0|title=Main Features – Main Features|first=c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of|last=Statistics|website=www.abs.gov.au|access-date=2013-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209131355/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@۔nsf/mf/5220.0|archive-date=2013-12-09|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="right"|8.0 | align="right"|61 | [[سڈنی]] |- |38 | [[انہوئی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|453 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|62.3 | align="right"|7 | [[ہیفئی]] |- |39 | '''{{پرچم|Lombardy}}''' | {{ITA}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|439 | 2014<ref name="dati.istat.it">{{cite web |author=OECD |url=http://dati.istat.it/?lang=en |title=Istat Statistics |publisher=Dati.istat.it |date=2015-03-17 |access-date=2017-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330042119/http://dati.istat.it/?lang=en |archive-date=2017-03-30 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="right"|10.0 | align="right"|47 | [[میلان]] |- |40 | '''[[مہاراشٹر]]''' | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;"|420 | 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/State%20Budget%202018-19/Maharashtra%20Budget%20Analysis%202018-19.pdf|title=Maharashtra Budget Analysis 2018–19|website=PRS Legislative Research|access-date=2018-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003728/http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/State%20Budget%202018-19/Maharashtra%20Budget%20Analysis%202018-19.pdf|archive-date=2018-03-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right"|112.4 | align="right"|4 | [[ممبئی]] |- |41 | {{پرچم|Maryland}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|414 | 2018<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.0 | align="right"|69 | [[بالٹیمور، میری لینڈ]] |- |42 | [[لیاؤننگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|383 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|43.7 | align="right"|9 | [[شینیانگ]] |- |43 | [[شانسی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|369 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|38.3 | align="right"|10 | [[شیان]] |- |44 | {{پرچم|Hong Kong}} | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|373 | 2019<ref name="imf.org">https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=1990&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=۔&br=1&pr1.x=29&pr1.y=8&c=546%2C532&s=NGDP%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP&grp=0&a=</ref> | align="right"|7.5 | align="right"|49 | [[ہانگ کانگ]] |- |45 | {{پرچم|Victoria}} | {{AUS}} | [[آسٹریلیا]] | align="right"|353 | 2017<ref name="AustraliaRef" /> | align="right"|6.2 | align="right"|60 | [[ملبورن]] |- |46 | {{پرچم|Indiana}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|347 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.6 | align="right"|50 | [[انڈیاناپولس، انڈیانا]] |- |47 | [[چونگ چنگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|342 | 2019<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|30.5 | align="right"|11 | [[چونگ چنگ]] |- |48 | {{پرچم|Minnesota}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|341 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|5.5 | align="right"|60 | [[منیاپولس]] |- |49 | {{پرچم|Tennessee}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|334 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.7 | align="right"|47 | [[نیشویل، ٹینیسی]] |- |50 | [[چوگوکو علاقہ]] | {{JPN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|333 | 2012<ref name="esri.cao.go.jp" /> | align="right"|7.6 | align="right"|46 | [[ہیروشیما]] |- |51 | [[جیانگشی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|332 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|46.1 | align="right"|7 | [[نانچانگ]] |- |52 | {{پرچم|Colorado}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|330 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|5.5 | align="right"|58 | [[ڈینور، کولوراڈو]] |- |53 | {{پرچم|Hesse}} | {{DEU}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|325 | 2015<ref name="GermanyRef" /> | align="right"|6.2 | align="right"|48 | [[فرینکفرٹ]] |- |54 | {{پرچم|Lower Saxony}} | {{DEU}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|319 | 2015<ref name="GermanyRef" /> | align="right"|7.8 | align="right"|37 | [[ہانوور]] |- |55 | {{پرچم|Wisconsin}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|314 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|5.8 | align="right"|50 | [[ملواکی]] |- |56 | {{پرچم|Quebec}} | {{CAN}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|313 | 2016<ref name="www5.statcan.gc.ca">{{cite web |url=http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a46?lang=eng&childId=3840038&CORId=3764&viewId=3 |title=CANSIM – 384-0038 – Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, provincial and territorial |website=Statcan.gc.ca |access-date=2017-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530085938/http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a46?lang=eng&childId=3840038&CORId=3764&viewId=3 |archive-date=2018-05-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right"|8.2 | align="right"|37 | [[مانٹریال]] |- |57 | {{پرچم|Arizona}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|309 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.9 | align="right"|43 | [[فینکس، ایریزونا]] |- |58 | [[گوانگشی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|308 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|48.6 | align="right"|6 | [[نانینگ]] |- |59 | {{پرچم|Missouri}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|305 | 2017<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.1 | align="right"|50 | [[کنساس سٹی میٹروپولیٹن علاقہ]] |- |60 | {{پرچم|Queensland}} | {{AUS}} | [[آسٹریلیا]] | align="right"|300 | 2017<ref name="AustraliaRef" /> | align="right"|5.0 | align="right"|66 | [[برسبین]] |- |61 | {{پرچم|Connecticut}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|286 | 2019<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|3.6 | align="right"|79 | [[برج پورٹ، کنیکٹیکٹ]] |- |62 | '''{{پرچم|Moscow}}''' | {{RUS}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|270 | 2017<ref name="Валовой региональный продукт">{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/vvp/vrp98-16.xlsx|title=Валовой региональный продукт|website=gks.ru|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307214234/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/vvp/vrp98-16.xlsx|archive-date=2018-03-07|url-status=live}}</ref> | align="right"|12.6 | align="right"|21 | [[ماسکو]] |- |63 | [[یوننان]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|270 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|47.9 | align="right"|6 | [[کونمینگ]] |- |64 | '''{{پرچم|Mexico City}}''' | {{MEX}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|266 | 2018<ref name="mexicocity.com">https://www.mexicocity.com/v/economy {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304083204/https://www.mexicocity.com/v/economy/ |date=2021-03-04 }}</ref> | align="right"|9.0 | align="right"|30 | [[میکسیکو شہر]] |- |65 | '''[[استنبول]]''' | {{پرچم|Turkey}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|265 | 2017<ref name="turkstat.gov.tr">http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do;jsessionid=WvSKczfTxbnynDmp1TvLyNbz23GzhG62pX1pLNDSzrYhjjbMZVQd!-556022155?id=30888</ref> | align="right"|15.1 | align="right"|18 | [[استنبول]] |- |66 | {{پرچم|Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes}} | {{FRA}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|263 | 2014<ref name="ec.europa.eu">{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/7192292/1-26022016-AP-EN.pdf/602b34e8-abba-439e-b555-4c3cb1dbbe6e |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-02-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229124049/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/7192292/1-26022016-AP-EN.pdf/602b34e8-abba-439e-b555-4c3cb1dbbe6e |archive-date=2016-02-29}}</ref> | align="right"|7.7 | align="right"|35 | [[لیون]] |- |67 |[[اندرونی منگولیا]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|261 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|25.2 | align="right"|10 | [[بائوتو]] |- |68 | [[شنسی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|254 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|36.9 | align="right"|7 | [[تاییوان]] |- |69 | '''{{پرچم|Madrid}}''' | {{ESP}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|250 | 2017<ref name="ReferenceA" /> | align="right"|6.5 | align="right"|38 | [[میدرد]] |- |70 | {{پرچم|Catalonia}} | {{پرچم|Spain}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|250 | 2017<ref name="ReferenceA" /> | align="right"|7.5 | align="right"|34 | [[برشلونہ]] |- |71 | {{پرچم|Alberta}} | {{CAN}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|250 | 2016<ref name="www5.statcan.gc.ca" /> | align="right"|3.6 | align="right"|64 | [[کیلگری]] |- |72 | [[ہیلونگجیانگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|247 | 2017<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|37.9 | align="right"|7 | [[ہاربن]] |- |73 |[[تمل ناڈو]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |245<!-- Converted from ₹17.26 lakh crore --> | 2019<ref name="SDP 2018-19">{{cite web|title=State Domestic Product as of 31 مارچ 2019|url=http://cms.tn.gov.in/sites/default/f.۔._e_2018_19.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, Government Of India|access-date=21 مئی 2017}}{{مردہ ربط|date=اپریل 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> | align="right"|72.2 | align="right"|3 | [[چینائی]] |- |74 |[[گجرات (بھارت)]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |242 | 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/budgets/gujarat-budget-analysis-2019-2020|title=Gujarat State Budget|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810040816/http://www.prsindia.org/parliamenttrack/budgets/gujarat-budget-analysis-2019-2020|archive-date=2019-08-10|url-status=dead|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> | align="right"|63.9 | align="right"|4 | [[احمد آباد (بھارت)]] |- |75 | {{پرچم|Louisiana}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|238 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|4.7 | align="right"|56 | [[نیو اورلینز]] |- |76 | {{پرچم|Oregon}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|230 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|4.1 | align="right"|56 | [[پورٹلینڈ، اوریگون]] |- |77 | [[جیلن]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|228 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|27.3 | align="right"|8 | [[چانگچون]] |- |78 |[[کرناٹک]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |226 | 2019 | align="right"|66.2 | align="right"|3 | [[بنگلور]] |- |79 | [[گوئیژو]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|224 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|35.7 | align="right"|6 | [[گوئیانگ]] |- |80 | [[اتر پردیش]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |222 | 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/State%20Budget%202018-19/Uttar%20Pradesh%20Budget%20Analysis%202018-19.pdf|title=Uttar Pradesh State Budget|access-date=2018-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221100915/http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/State%20Budget%202018-19/Uttar%20Pradesh%20Budget%20Analysis%202018-19.pdf|archive-date=2018-02-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> | align="right"|228 | align="right"|1 | [[لکھنؤ]] |- |81 | {{پرچم|Hokkaido}} | {{JPN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|218 | 2012<ref name="esri.cao.go.jp">{{cite web|url=http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/data/data_list/kenmin/files/contents/pdf/gaiyou1.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-09-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913123113/http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/data/data_list/kenmin/files/contents/pdf/gaiyou1.pdf |archive-date=2013-09-13}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/data/data_list/sokuhou/files/2013/qe131_2/pdf/jikei_1.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810032926/http://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/data/data_list/sokuhou/files/2013/qe131_2/pdf/jikei_1.pdf |archive-date=2013-08-10}}</ref> | align="right"|5.5 | align="right"|42 | [[ساپورو]] |- |82 | '''{{پرچم|Abu Dhabi}}''' | {{ARE}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|215 | 2014<ref name="abudhabi.ae">{{cite web|url=https://www.abudhabi.ae/portal/public/en/abu_dhabi_emirate/facts_figure_background?_adf.ctrl-state=pip061qpr_4&_afrLoop=18652570093766500#! |title=Abu Dhabi Emirate: Facts and Figures |website=Abudhabi.ae |date=2017-03-15 |access-date=2017-03-30}}</ref> | align="right"|2.7 | align="right"|80 | [[ابوظبی (شہر)]] |- |83 | {{پرچم|Western Australia}} | {{AUS}} | [[آسٹریلیا]] | align="right"|214 | 2017<ref name="AustraliaRef" /> | align="right"|2.7 | align="right"|79 | [[پرتھ]] |- |84 | {{پرچم|South Carolina}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|213 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|5.0 | align="right"|40 | [[چارلسٹن، جنوبی کیرولائنا]] |- |85 | {{پرچم|British Columbia}} | {{CAN}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|210 | 2016<ref name="www5.statcan.gc.ca" /> | align="right"|4.4 | align="right"|50 | [[وینکوور]] |- |86 | {{پرچم|Alabama}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|208 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|4.9 | align="right"|43 | [[برمنگہم، الاباما]] |- |87 | [[تیانجن]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|204 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|15.6 | align="right"|16 | [[تیانجن]] |- |88 | {{پرچم|Kentucky}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|202 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|4.4 | align="right"|42 | [[لوئی ویل، کینٹکی]] |- |89 | '''{{پرچم|Jakarta}}''' | {{IDN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|201 | 2019<ref name="jakarta">{{Cite book|title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Provinsi di Indonesia 2015–2019|author=Badan Pusat Statistik|author-link=Statistics Indonesia|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|year=2020|location=Jakarta|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/29/e9011b3155d45d70823c141f/statistik-indonesia-2020.html}}</ref> | align="right"|10.5 | align="right"|19 | [[جکاردا]] |- |90 | {{پرچم|Lazio}} | {{ITA}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|200 | 2015<ref name="europa.eu">{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/7962764/1-30032017-AP-EN.pdf/4e9c09e5-c743-41a5-afc8-eb4aa89913f6 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402074543/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/7962764/1-30032017-AP-EN.pdf/4e9c09e5-c743-41a5-afc8-eb4aa89913f6 |archive-date=2017-04-02 |url-status=live}}</ref> | align="right"|5.9 | align="right"|34 | [[روم]] |- |} == [[مساوی قوت خرید]] لسٹ == [[File:Country subdivisions by GDP PPP over 200 billion USD.png|thumb|400px|ملکی ذیلی تقسیمات د‏‏ی لسٹ بلحاظ 200 بلین تو‏ں ودھ خام ملکی پیداوا‏‏ر ([[مساوی قوت خرید]])]] {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;" |- ! درجہ ! ذیلی تقسیم ! ملک ! [[براعظم]] ! <small>[[مساوی قوت خرید]]<br />(بلین<br />[[امریکی ڈالر]])</small> ! سال ! <small>آبادی<br />(ملین)</small> ! <small>[[دیس لسٹ بلحاظ فی کس خام ملکی پیداوا‏‏ر (مساوی قوت خرید)|فی کس خام ملکی پیداوا‏‏ر (مساوی قوت خرید)]]<br />(ہزار<br />[[امریکی ڈالر]])</small> ! سب تو‏ں وڈا<br />شہر |- |1 | '''{{پرچم|California}}''' | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|3,137.5 | 2019<ref name="bea"/> | align="right"|39.5 | align="right"|80.0 | [[لاس اینجلس]] |- |2 | '''[[گوانگڈونگ]]''' | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|2,549.3 | 2019<ref name="China2019"/> | align="right"|113.5 | align="right"|22.2 | [[گوانگژو]] |- |3 | [[جیانگسو]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|2,358.9 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|80.4 | align="right"|29.3 | [[نانجنگ]] |- |4 | {{پرچم|Texas}} | {{USA}} |[[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|1,886.9 | 2019<ref name="bea" /> | align="right"|28.3 | align="right"|64.0 | [[ہیوسٹن]] |- |5 | {{پرچم|New York}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|1,731.9 | 2019<ref name="bea" /> | align="right"|19.5 | align="right"|90.0 | [[نیو یارک شہر]] |- |6 | [[شانڈونگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,682.6 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|100.5 | align="right"|16.7 | [[چنگڈاؤ]] |- |7 | [[ژجیانگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,476.3 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|57.4 | align="right"|25.5 | [[ہانگژو]] |- |8 | '''[[مہاراشٹر]]''' | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;"|1,374.4 | 2019<ref name="india2019">{{cite web|url=http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_releases_statements/State_wise_SDP_31_07_2020_website.xls|title=MOSPI Gross State Domestic Product|date=31 جولائ‏ی 2020|website=[[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation]]، [[حکومت ہند]]|access-date=8 اکتوبر 2020}}</ref> | align="right"|124.6 | align="right"|11.3 | [[ممبئی]] |- |9 | [[ہینان]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,284.7 | 2019<ref name="China2018"/> | align="right"|95.5 | align="right"|13.4 | [[ژینگژو]] |- |10 | [[سیچوان]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,103.7 | 2019<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|82.8 | align="right"|13.2 | [[چینگدو]] |- |11 | {{پرچم|Florida}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|1,093.4 | 2019<ref name="bea" /> | align="right"|20.6 | align="right"|50.0 | [[جیکسن ویل، فلوریڈا]] |- |12 | [[ہوبئی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,085.3 | 2019<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|58.2 | align="right"|18.3 | [[ووہان]] |- |13 | '''{{پرچم|Tokyo}}''' | {{JPN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,074.3 | 2018<ref name="都民経済計算（都内総生産等）30年度速報・元年度見込｜東京都" /> | align="right"|13.9 | align="right"|77.3 | [[توکیو]] |- |14 | '''{{پرچم|Île-de-France}}''' | {{FRA}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|1,057.2 | 2018<ref name="ReferenceA"/> | align="right"|12.2 | align="right"|85.5 | [[پیرس]] |- |15 | '''[[سؤل راجگڑھ علاقہ]]''' | {{KOR}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|1,043.1 | 2017<ref name="index.go.kr"/> | align="right"|25.5 | align="right"|40.6 | [[سؤل]] |- |16 | '''{{پرچم|São Paulo}}''' | {{BRA}} | [[جنوبی امریکا]] | align="right"|1,020.5 | 2018<ref name="brazil2019">{{cite web|title=PIB TRIMESTRAL DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO|url=http://www.seade.gov.br/produtos/midia/2018/02/PIB_Trim_4_2017.pdf|df=dmy-all|access-date=2021-01-31|archive-date=2018-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318182841/http://www.seade.gov.br/produtos/midia/2018/02/PIB_Trim_4_2017.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | align="right"|44.7 | align="right"|22.8 | [[ساؤ پاؤلو]] |- |17 | '''{{پرچم|North Rhine-Westphalia}}''' | {{DEU}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|963.3 | 2016<ref name=GermanyRef/> | align="right"|17.9 | align="right"|50.9 | [[کولون (علاقہ)]] |- |18 | {{پرچم|Illinois}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|909.0 | 2019<ref name=":1"/> | align="right"|12.7 | align="right"|72.0 | [[شکاگو، الینوائے]] |- |19 | [[شنگھائی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|904.5 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|21.5 | align="right"|39.3 | [[شنگھائی]] |- |20 | [[ہونان]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|899.6 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|68.4 | align="right"|13.1 | [[چانگشا]] |- |21 | [[ہیبئی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|889.8 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|73.3 | align="right"|11.4 | [[شیجیاژوانگ]] |- |22 | [[فوجیان]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|884.9 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|38.9 | align="right"|21.3 | [[فوژو]] |- |23 |[[تمل ناڈو]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |881.1 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|79.8 | align="right"|11.0 | [[چینائی]] |- |24 | [[اتر پردیش]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |856.7 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|225.8 | align="right"|3.8 | [[لکھنؤ]] |- |25 | [[بیجنگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|839.1 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|21.5 | align="right"|39.3 | [[بیجنگ]] |- |26 | {{پرچم|Bavaria}} | {{DEU}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|820.3 | 2016<ref name=GermanyRef /> | align="right"|12.8 | align="right"|60.6 | [[میونخ]] |- |27 | {{پرچم|Pennsylvania}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|803.0 | 2018<ref name=":0"/> | align="right"|12.8 | align="right"|63.0 | [[فلاڈیلفیا، پنسلوانیا]] |- |28 | '''{{پرچم|Greater London}}''' | {{GBR}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|748.5 | 2018<ref name="ons.gov.uk" /> | align="right"|8.9 | align="right"|84.1 | [[لندن]] |- |29 | [[انہوئی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|741.0 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|62.3 | align="right"|11.4 | [[ہیفئی]] |- |30 |[[کرناٹک]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |733.1 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|67.6 | align="right"|10.8 | [[بنگلور]] |- |31 |[[گجرات (بھارت)]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |718.7 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|68.0 | align="right"|10.5 | [[احمد آباد (بھارت)]] |- |32 | '''{{پرچم|Ontario}}''' | {{CAN}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|735.8 | 2018<ref name="Ontario Economic Update" /> | align="right"|14.1 | align="right"|50.0 | [[ٹورانٹو]] |- |33 | {{پرچم|Baden-Württemberg}} | {{DEU}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|688.3 | 2016<ref name=GermanyRef /> | align="right"|10.9 | align="right"|59.4 | [[شٹوٹگارٹ]] |- |34 | '''[[استنبول]]''' | {{پرچم|Turkey}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|682.7 | 2017<ref name="turkstat.gov.tr" /> | align="right"|15.1 | align="right"|45.7 | [[استنبول]] |- |35 | '''{{پرچم|Moscow}}''' | {{RUS}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|680.1 | 2017<ref name="Валовой региональный продукт" /> | align="right"|12.6 | align="right"|52.9 | [[ماسکو]] |- |36 | {{پرچم|Ohio}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|649.0 | 2017<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|11.6 | align="right"|56.0 | [[کولمبس، اوہائیو]] |- |37 | [[لیاؤننگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|626.5 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|43.7 | align="right"|14.7 | [[شینیانگ]] |- |38 | [[کیوشو]] | {{JPN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|614.5 | 2012 | align="right"|13.0 | align="right"|48.3 | [[فوکوکا]] |- |39 | [[شانسی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|603.6 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|38.3 | align="right"|16.4 | [[شیان]] |- |40 | [[مغربی بنگال]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |598.8 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|100.1 | align="right"|5.9 | [[کولکات‏ا]] |- |41 | '''{{پرچم|Jakarta}}''' | {{IDN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|597.9 | 2019<ref name="indonesia">{{Cite book|title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Provinsi di Indonesia 2015–2019|author=Badan Pusat Statistik|author-link=Statistics Indonesia|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|year=2020|location=Jakarta|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/29/e9011b3155d45d70823c141f/statistik-indonesia-2020.html}}</ref> | align="right"|10.5 | align="right"|56.5 | [[جکاردا]] |- |42 | {{پرچم|New Jersey}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|589.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|8.9 | align="right"|68.0 | [[نیوآرک، نیو جرسی]] |- |43 | '''{{پرچم|Lombardy}}''' | {{ITA}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|584.6 | 2014<ref name="dati.istat.it"/> | align="right"|10.0 | align="right"|62.6 | [[میلان]] |- |44 | [[چونگ چنگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|559.4 | 2019<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|30.5 | align="right"|18.0 | [[چونگ چنگ]] |- |45 | '''{{پرچم|Mexico City}}''' | {{MEX}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|550.5 | 2018<ref name="mexicocity.com" /> | align="right"|9.0 | align="right"|89.2 | [[میکسیکو شہر]] |- |46 | [[جیانگشی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|543.0 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|46.1 | align="right"|11.4 | [[نانچانگ]] |- |47 | {{پرچم|Georgia (U.S. state)|name=Georgia}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|533.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|10.3 | align="right"|49.0 | [[اٹلانٹا]] |- |48 | {{پرچم|North Carolina}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|527.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|10.1 | align="right"|50.0 | [[شارلٹ، شمالی کیرولائنا]] |- |49 | {{پرچم|Massachusetts}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|516.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.8 | align="right"|76.0 | [[بوسٹن]] |- |50 | {{پرچم|Michigan}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|505.0 | 2017<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|10.0 | align="right"|50.0 | [[ڈیٹرائٹ]] |- |51 | [[گوانگشی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|503.8 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|48.6 | align="right"|9.8 | [[نانینگ]] |- |52 | {{پرچم|Virginia}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|501.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|8.4 | align="right"|56.0 | [[ورجینیا بیچ]] |- |53 | {{پرچم|East Java}} | {{IDN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|494.9 | 2019<ref name="indonesia" /> | align="right"|39.7 | align="right"|12.5 | [[سورابایا]] |- |54 | [[راجستھان]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |487.1 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|77.8 | align="right"|6.3 | [[جے پور]] |- |55 | {{پرچم|Washington}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|477.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|7.3 | align="right"|62.0 | [[سیئٹل]] |- |56 | {{پرچم|Hong Kong}} | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|468.0 | 2019<ref name="imf.org" /> | align="right"|7.5 | align="right"|62.6 | [[ہانگ کانگ]] |- |57 | [[آندھرا پردیش]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |464.7 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|52.7 | align="right"|8.8 | [[وشاکھاپٹنم]] |- |58 | [[تلنگانہ]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |462.1 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|38.7 | align="right"|11.9 | [[حیدرآباد، دکن]] |- |59 | '''{{پرچم|New South Wales}}''' | {{AUS}} | [[آسٹریلیا]] | align="right"|448.6 | 2017<ref name="AustraliaRef"/> | align="right"|8.0 | align="right"|59.2 | [[سڈنی]] |- |60 | {{پرچم|West Java}} | {{IDN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|447.1 | 2019<ref name="indonesia" /> | align="right"|49.3 | align="right"|9.1 | [[بندونگ]] |- |61 | [[یوننان]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|441.6 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|47.9 | align="right"|9.8 | [[کونمینگ]] |- |62 | [[مدھیہ پردیش]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |433.1 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|82.1 | align="right"|5.3 | [[اندور]] |- |63 |[[اندرونی منگولیا]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|426.9 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|25.2 | align="right"|16.4 | [[بائوتو]] |- |64 | [[شنسی]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|415.5 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|36.9 | align="right"|11.4 | [[تاییوان]] |- |65 | {{پرچم|Maryland}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|414.0 | 2018<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.0 | align="right"|69.0 | [[بالٹیمور، میری لینڈ]] |- |66 | [[دہلی]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |408.8 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|19.1 | align="right"|21.4 | [[نويں دہلی]] |- |67 | [[ہریانہ]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |396.8 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|28.6 | align="right"|13.9 | [[فرید آباد]] |- |68 | {{پرچم|Hesse}} | {{DEU}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|393.8 | 2015<ref name="GermanyRef" /> | align="right"|6.2 | align="right"|58.2 | [[فرینکفرٹ]] |- |69 | {{پرچم|Lower Saxony}} | {{DEU}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|386.5 | 2015<ref name="GermanyRef" /> | align="right"|7.8 | align="right"|44.8 | [[ہانوور]] |- |70 | [[کیرلا]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |372.2 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|34.9 | align="right"|10.6 | [[تروواننتاپورم]] |- |71 | [[گوئیژو]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|366.4 | 2018<ref name="China2018" /> | align="right"|35.7 | align="right"|9.8 | [[گوئیانگ]] |- |72 | [[چوگوکو علاقہ]] | {{JPN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|357.7 | 2012<ref name="esri.cao.go.jp" /> | align="right"|7.6 | align="right"|49.4 | [[ہیروشیما]] |- |73 | '''{{پرچم|Madrid}}''' | {{ESP}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|356.4 | 2017<ref name="ReferenceA" /> | align="right"|6.5 | align="right"|54.2 | [[میدرد]] |- |74 | {{پرچم|Catalonia}} | {{پرچم|Spain}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|356.4 | 2017<ref name="ReferenceA" /> | align="right"|7.5 | align="right"|48.5 | [[برشلونہ]] |- |75 | '''{{پرچم|Abu Dhabi}}''' | {{ARE}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|348.7 | 2014<ref name="abudhabi.ae" /> | align="right"|2.7 | align="right"|129.7 | [[ابوظبی (شہر)]] |- |76 | {{پرچم|Quebec}} | {{CAN}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|347.9 | 2016<ref name="www5.statcan.gc.ca"/> | align="right"|8.2 | align="right"|41.1 | [[مانٹریال]] |- |77 | {{پرچم|Indiana}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|347.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.6 | align="right"|50.0 | [[انڈیاناپولس، انڈیانا]] |- |78 | {{پرچم|Victoria}} | {{AUS}} | [[آسٹریلیا]] | align="right"|342.8 | 2017<ref name="AustraliaRef" /> | align="right"|6.2 | align="right"|58.3 | [[ملبورن]] |- |79 | {{پرچم|Minnesota}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|341.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|5.5 | align="right"|60.0 | [[منیاپولس]] |- |80 | {{پرچم|Tennessee}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|334.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.7 | align="right"|47.0 | [[نیشویل، ٹینیسی]] |- |81 | [[تیانجن]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|333.7 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|15.6 | align="right"|26.2 | [[تیانجن]] |- |82 | {{پرچم|Colorado}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|330.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|5.5 | align="right"|58.0 | [[ڈینور، کولوراڈو]] |- |83 | [[ہیلونگجیانگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|322.3 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|37.6 | align="right"|8.6 | [[ہاربن]] |- |84 | [[سنکیانگ]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|321.9 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|25.1 | align="right"|12.8 | [[ارومچی]] |- |85 | {{پرچم|Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes}} | {{FRA}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|321.1 | 2014<ref name="ec.europa.eu"/> | align="right"|7.7 | align="right"|42.7 | [[لیون]] |- |86 | {{پرچم|Rio de Janeiro}} | {{BRA}} | [[جنوبی امریکا]] | align="right"|320.6 | 2018<ref name="brazil2019" /> | align="right"|16.6 | align="right"|19.3 | [[ریو دے جینیرو]] |- |87 | {{پرچم|Wisconsin}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|314.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|5.8 | align="right"|50.0 | [[ملواکی]] |- |88 | {{پرچم|Arizona}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|309.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.9 | align="right"|43.0 | [[فینکس، ایریزونا]] |- |89 | {{پرچم|Missouri}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|305.0 | 2017<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|6.1 | align="right"|50.0 | [[کنساس سٹی میٹروپولیٹن علاقہ]] |- |90 | [[بہار (بھارت)]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |292.2 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|120.1 | align="right"|2.4 | [[پٹنہ]] |- |91 | {{پرچم|Queensland}} | {{AUS}} | [[آسٹریلیا]] | align="right"|291.3 | 2017<ref name="AustraliaRef" /> | align="right"|5.0 | align="right"|64.3 | [[برسبین]] |- |92 | {{پرچم|Central Java}} | {{IDN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|286.6 | 2019<ref name="indonesia" /> | align="right"|34.7 | align="right"|8.3 | [[سیمارانگ]] |- |93 | {{پرچم|Connecticut}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|286.0 | 2019<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|3.6 | align="right"|79.0 | [[برج پورٹ، کنیکٹیکٹ]] |- |94 | {{پرچم|Alberta}} | {{CAN}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|277.9 | 2016<ref name="www5.statcan.gc.ca" /> | align="right"|3.6 | align="right"|71.1 | [[کیلگری]] |- |95 | [[جیلن]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|277.6 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|27.0 | align="right"|10.3 | [[چانگچون]] |- |96 | [[پنجاب، بھارت]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |274.6 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|30.4 | align="right"|9.0 | [[لدھیانہ]] |- |97 | {{پرچم|Minas Gerais}} | {{BRA}} | [[جنوبی امریکا]] | align="right"|272.7 | 2018<ref name="brazil2019" /> | align="right"|21.0 | align="right"|13.0 | [[بیلو ہوریزونٹے]] |- |98 | {{پرچم|Lazio}} | {{ITA}} | [[یورپ]] | align="right"|266.3 | 2015<ref name="europa.eu"/> | align="right"|5.9 | align="right"|45.3 | [[روم]] |- |99 | [[اوڈیشا]] | {{IND}} | [[ایشیا]] | style="text-align:right;" |253.5 | 2019<ref name="india2019" /> | align="right"|46.1 | align="right"|5.5 | [[بھونیشور]] |- |100 | {{پرچم|Louisiana}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|238.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|4.7 | align="right"|56.0 | [[نیو اورلینز]] |- |101 | {{پرچم|Hokkaido}} | {{JPN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|234.2 | 2012<ref name="esri.cao.go.jp"/><ref name="autogenerated1"/> | align="right"|5.5 | align="right"|45.1 | [[ساپورو]] |- |102 | {{پرچم|British Columbia}} | {{CAN}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|233.4 | 2016<ref name="www5.statcan.gc.ca" /> | align="right"|4.4 | align="right"|55.6 | [[وینکوور]] |- |103 | {{پرچم|Oregon}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|230.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|4.1 | align="right"|56.0 | [[پورٹلینڈ، اوریگون]] |- |104 | {{پرچم|South Carolina}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|213.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|5.0 | align="right"|40.0 | [[چارلسٹن، جنوبی کیرولائنا]] |- |105 | {{پرچم|Alabama}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|208.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|4.9 | align="right"|43.0 | [[برمنگہم، الاباما]] |- |106 | {{پرچم|Western Australia}} | {{AUS}} | [[آسٹریلیا]] | align="right"|207.8 | 2017<ref name="AustraliaRef" /> | align="right"|2.7 | align="right"|76.7 | [[پرتھ]] |- |107 | [[گانسو]] | {{CHN}} | [[ایشیا]] | align="right"|206.4 | 2019<ref name="China2019" /> | align="right"|26.4 | align="right"|7.8 | [[لانژو]] |- |108 | {{پرچم|Rio Grande do Sul}} | {{BRA}} | [[جنوبی امریکا]] | align="right"|204.6 | 2018<ref name="brazil2019" /> | align="right"|11.2 | align="right"|18.2 | [[پورتو الیگرے]] |- |109 | {{پرچم|Kentucky}} | {{USA}} | [[شمالی امریکا]] | align="right"|202.0 | 2016<ref name=":0" /> | align="right"|4.4 | align="right"|42.0 | [[لوئی ویل، کینٹکی]] |- |110 | {{پرچم|Paraná}} | {{BRA}} | [[جنوبی امریکا]] | align="right"|201.1 | 2018<ref name="brazil2019" /> | align="right"|11.2 | align="right"|17.9 | [[كوريتيبا]] |- |} == ہور ویکھو == * [[لسٹ ملکی تقسیمات بلحاظ آبادی]] == حوالے == {{حوالے}} {{انتظامی تقسیمات د‏‏ی فہرستیں}} {{ملکاں د‏‏ی فہرستاں بلحاظ خام ملکی پیداوار}} [[گٹھ:خام ریاستی پیداوا‏‏ر]] [[گٹھ:فہرستاں بلحاظ اقتصادی اشارے]] [[گٹھ:ملکی تقسیمات د‏‏ی فہرستاں]] [[گٹھ:ملکی ذیلی تقسیم درجہ بندی د‏‏ی فہرستاں]] 14to9sh6shwtfm0ykptpt9tt2lwvjbr 0 120957 708894 692020 2026-07-25T08:55:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28598 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 708894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{خانہ-معلومات-مصنف/عربی}} '''وشݨو ناگر''' [ '''विष्णु नागर''' ] (جم : [[۱۴ جون|جون ۱۴]]، [[۱۹۵۰]] ) ہندی لکھاری اتے صحافی اے۔ <ref>[https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81002461.html Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF) for Vishnu Nagar]</ref> ناگر نے اپنا بچپن اتے طالب علم جیون شاجاپر، [[مدھ پردیش]] وچ بتایا۔ <ref>[https://hindwi.org/poets/vishnu-nagar विष्णु नागर का परिचय]</ref> اوہ ۱۹۷۱ توں دلی وچ فریلانس صحافت۔ [[نوبھارت ٹائیمز]] اتے دینک ہندوستان، کادمبنی، نئی دنیا، اتے 'جمعہ' خبراں ہفتہ وار جڑیا رہا اے۔ اس دوران ۱۹۸۲ توں ۱۹۸۴ تک جرمن ریڈیو ‘ڈوئچے ویلے’ دی ہندی سیوا وچ کم کیتا۔ <ref>[https://hindi.webdunia.com/media-signature/vishnu-nagar-writer-editor-114100600030_1.html विष्णु नागर، साहित्यकार-संपादक، WebDunia.com]</ref> اوہ بھارتی پریس کونسل دا سابقہ ممبر اتے [[مہاتما گاندھی قومانتری ہندی یونیورسٹی|مہاتما گاندھی قومانتری ہندی یونیورسٹی]]، وردھا دا سابقہ ایگزیکٹیو ممبر اے۔ اس ویلے پھریلانس لکھنا جاری اے۔<ref>[http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81002461/ Vishnu Nagar's works in OCLC WorldCat]</ref> == شائع رچناواں == '''کہانی مجموعہ''' * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12345036 آج کا دن] (۱۹۸۱, برو برابر اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18639744 آدمی کی مشکل] (۱۹۸۸, رادھاکرشن اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/610280569 کچھ دور] (۱۹۹۴, بنیاد اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/699323250 ایشور کی کہانیاں] (۱۹۹۷, راجکمل اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/499685043 ذکر] (۲۰۰۰, وانی اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70662826 بچہ اور گیند] (۲۰۰۵, اتہاسبودھ اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/239253437 رات-دن] (۲۰۰۸, راجکمل اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/945630902 پاپا میں غریب بنونگا] (۲۰۱۵, ساہتی بھنڈار) '''شاعری مجموعہ''' * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/498892252 میں پھر کہتا ہوں چڑیا] (۱۹۷۴, پہچان لڑی) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7204273 تالاب میں ڈوبی چھہ لڑکیاں] (۱۹۸۰, اشاعتاں سنستھان) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17123105 دنیا بدل جائےگا] (۱۹۸۵, سمبھاونا اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/499708283 بچے، پیؤ اور ماں] (۱۹۹۲, اپورو اشاعتاں) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=ir59GQAACAAJ&source=gbs_ViewAPI کچھ چیجیں کبھی کھوئی نہیں] (۲۰۰۱, میدھا بکس) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/309712290 ہنسنے کی ترہ رونا] (۲۰۰۶, میدھا بکس) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/879332087 'شاعر نے کہا': چونویں شاعری] (۲۰۰۸, کتابگھر اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/633163077 گھر کے باہر گھر] (۲۰۱۰, انتکا اشاعتاں) * [http://archive.jansatta.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73941:2014-07-20-03-43-14&catid=32:2012-01-01-05-57-23 جیون بھی شاعری ہو سکتا اے] (۲۰۱۴, انتکا اشاعتاں) '''طنز مجموعہ''' * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43804710 جیو-جنتُ پران] (۱۹۹۴, وانی اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1075981099 گھوڑا اور گھاس] (پروین اشاعتاں، ۱۹۹۶) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53873185 نئی جنتا آ چکی اے] (۲۰۰۳, شلپائن) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/214077329 دیس سیوا کا دھندا] (۲۰۰۶, راجکمل اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/44493481 قومی ناک] (۲۰۰۸, راجکمل اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/664245838 چھوٹا سا بریک،]، (۲۰۱۰, کتابگھر اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/693110709 بھارت ایک بازار اے] (۲۰۱۱, راجکمل اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/879854393 ایشور وی پریشان اے] (۲۰۱۳, راجکمل اشاعتاں) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/993390348 صدی کا سب سے بڑا ڈرامیباز] (۲۰۱۷, ساہتی اپکرم) '''ناول''' * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56941648 آدمی سورگ میں؛] (۲۰۰۴, سامیک اشاعتاں) '''تنقید''' * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/500284812 شاعری کے ساتھ ساتھ] (۲۰۰۴, میدھا بکس) '''جیونی''' * [https://www.therazafoundation.org/asahamati-men-utha-eka-hatha-mithalesha-sharana-chaube ارضا مندی میں اٹھا ایک ہاتھ : رگھویر سہائے کی جیونی] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412114858/https://www.therazafoundation.org/asahamati-men-utha-eka-hatha-mithalesha-sharana-chaube |date=2023-04-12 }} (۲۰۱۹, راجکمل اشاعتاں) '''بچیاں لئی''' * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1164183115 اکبر] (۲۰۱۷, بھارتی گیانپیٹھ) * [https://www.hindibook.com/index.php?p=sr&format=fullpage&Field=bookcode&String=9789326355285 کبیر] (۲۰۱۷, بھارتی گیانپیٹھ) * [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1089460602 رابندرناتھ ٹیگور] (۲۰۱۷, بھارتی گیانپیٹھ) * [https://www.hindibook.com/index.php?p=sr&format=fullpage&Field=bookcode&String=9789326355261 شہید بھگت سنگھ] (۲۰۱۷, بھارتی گیانپیٹھ) == اعزاز == * اکھل بھارتیی کہانی اوارڈ، 1996 <ref>[https://books.katha.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/1997-1996.pdf The Katha Awards, 1997-1996]</ref> * شکھر اعزاز، ۲۰۰۱ (مدھ پردیش سرکار) * ساہت اعزاز (دلی ہندی اکادمی) * شمشیر اعزاز، 2003 <ref>[https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/-/articleshow/385770.cms विष्णु नागर और विनोद दास को 'शमशेर सम्मान']</ref> * طنز شری انعام، 2008 <ref>[https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/2008/01/31/2008013123535100.html विष्णु नागर को व्यंग्य श्री सम्मान]</ref> * روایت رتوراج اعزاز، 2010 <ref>[https://hindi.webdunia.com/article/hindi-literature-articles/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-110071900061_1.htm विष्णु नागर को 'परंपरा ऋतुराज सम्मान']</ref> * رامناتھ گوئنکا صحافی شرومنی انعام، 2014 <ref>[https://www.bhadas4media.com/goenka-literary-awards/ गोइन्का साहित्य पुरस्कारों की घोषणा، हिन्दी पत्रकारिता के लिए विष्णु नागर सम्मानित]</ref> * راہی معصوم رضا ساہتی انعام، 2017 <ref>[https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-rahi-masoom-raza-samman-1337123.html राही मासूम रजा सम्मान विष्णु नागर को]</ref> * جنشاعر مکٹ بہاری سروج اعزاز، 2020 <ref>[https://mpbreakingnews.in/madhya-pradesh/bhopal/s-vishnu-nagar-honored-janakavi-mukut-bihari-saroj-2020/ विष्णु नगर को जनकवि मुकुट बिहारी सरोज सम्मान، 2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412131911/https://mpbreakingnews.in/madhya-pradesh/bhopal/s-vishnu-nagar-honored-janakavi-mukut-bihari-saroj-2020/ |date=2023-04-12 }}</ref> == حوالے == [[گٹھ:ہندی ناول کار]] 5ec45ulx0uzfn1hs5wv2ir02wi8yg1m 3 145127 708876 702147 2026-07-24T12:52:32Z Ternarius 7787 Ternarius پلٹی صفحہ [[ورتن گل بات:Jan Majan - Wije]] توں [[ورتن گل بات:Jan Wajun - Wije]]: ؜Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Jan Majan - Wije|Jan Majan - Wije]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Jan Wajun - Wije|Jan Wajun - Wije]]" 702147 wikitext text/x-wiki ==جی آیاں نوں!== <font size="4"> السلام و علیکم! {{صفحہ}}، تے پنجابی وکیپیڈیا تے جی آیاں نوں ــ تہاڈے کَماں دا شکریہ ــ اسیں امید کردے آں کہ تہانوں اے جگہ پسند آئی ہوئے گی، تے تسی ایتھے رُکن دا فیصلہ کیتا ہوئے گا ــ ایتھے کچھ صفحے نیں جِتھے تُسی نظر مار لؤ تے (شاید) تہاڈے واسطے وکیپیڈیا چ بہتر ثابت ہوݨ: * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:پنج تھم|وکیپیڈیا دے پنج تھم]]''' * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:صفحے نوں کیویں بدلیئے|صفحے نوں کیویں بدلیئے]]''' * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:مددآلے صفحے|مددآلے صفحے]]''' * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:سبق|سبق]]''' * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:چنگا مضمون کیویں لکھیئے|چنگا مضمون کیویں لکھیئے]]''' * '''[[وکیپیڈیا:کم کرن دا وَل|کم کرن دا وَل]]'''<br> * تے اگر تسی وکیپیڈیا تے نیا صفحہ لکھنا چوندے او تے جاؤ '''[[وکیپیڈیا:صفحہ لکھاری|صفحہ لکھاری]]''' تےــ<br> میربانی کر کے گلاں دے صفحے چ اے نشان پاؤ: (~&#126;~~)، اے اپنے آپ ای تہاڈا ناں تے کم دی تریخ پاء دیوے گا۔<br> جے تہانوں کسی مدد دی لوڑ ہووے تے میری گلاں دے صفحے تے میرے کولوں پوچھ لو یا فیر اپنی گلاں دے صفحے تے '''<code>{&#123;مدد کرو}}</code>''' لکھ کے چھڈ دیؤ۔ کوئی وی تہاڈے سوال دا جواب دے سکتا وا۔ اک واری فیر، جی آیاں نوں!</font> --[[ورتنوالا:KaleemBot|KaleemBot]] ([[ورتن گل بات:KaleemBot|گل بات]] • [[خاص:Contributions/KaleemBot|کم]]) ۱۴:۳۵, ۳۱ مارچ ۲۰۲۶ (PKT) duh3ei6r3p1s3bujiq1fvobju96iqnn 3 149246 708877 2026-07-24T12:52:32Z Ternarius 7787 Ternarius پلٹی صفحہ [[ورتن گل بات:Jan Majan - Wije]] توں [[ورتن گل بات:Jan Wajun - Wije]]: ؜Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Jan Majan - Wije|Jan Majan - Wije]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Jan Wajun - Wije|Jan Wajun - Wije]]" 708877 wikitext text/x-wiki #مڑجوڑ [[ورتن گل بات:Jan Wajun - Wije]] t8r4j7rab8u9gsinxxlmu0w36lfvxb6 0 149247 708886 2026-07-25T05:58:11Z Abbas dhothar 361 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358896624|Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem]]" 708886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ڈبہ جانکاری شاہی اقتدار|name=سبیلا|succession=[[یروشلیم دی ملکہ]]|image=Queen Sibyl of Jerusalem.jpg|caption=13ویں صدی دے اک منیئچر دی تفصیل|reign=1186 – 1190|predecessor=[[یروشلیم دا بالڈون پنجم|بالڈون پنجم]]|successor=[[یروشلیم دی اسابیلا اول|اسابیلا اول]]|regent=[[گائی آف لوسیگنن|گائی]]|spouses={{marriage|[[ولیم لانگ سوورڈ آف مونٹفیریٹ]]|1176|1177|end=died}}<br>{{marriage|[[گائی آف لوسیگنن]]|1180}}|house=[[ چیٹوڈن راجٹبر |انجو راجٹبر]]|father=[[یروشلیم دا امالرک]]|mother=[[اگنس آف کورٹنی]]|religion=[[رومن کیتھولک]]|issue=[[یروشلیم دا بالڈون پنجم|بالڈون پنجم]]|birth_date={{circa|1159}}|birth_place=[[یروشلیم دی بادشاہی]]|death_date=25 جولائی{{death year and age|1190|1159}}|death_place=[[عکا، فلسطین|عکا]]}} '''سبیلا''' ( Old French ; c. 1159 – 1190) 1186 توں لے کے 1190 وچ اپنی موت تک یروشلیم دی رانی سی۔ اس نے اپنے شوہر گائے آف لوسیگنن دے نال حکومت کیتی، جس دی اس نے یروشلم دی بادشاہی دے بیرناں وچ اس دی ناپسندیدگی دے باوجود حمایت جاری رکھی۔ سبیلا [[امالریک اول|بادشاہ املرک]] دی سب توں وڈی دھی سی تے اوہدی پہلی بیوی، اگنس آف کورٹنی دی اکلوتی دھی سی۔ اس دے والد 1174 وچ مر گئے، جس نے اس دے چھوٹے بھائی، بادشاہ بالڈون چہارم دا وارث بنا دتا؛ جدوں ایہہ گل واضح ہو گئی کہ 13 سالہ بادشاہ نوں کوڑھ ہو گیا اے، تے سبیلا دی شادی دا معاملہ ضروری ہو گیا۔ ریجنٹ ، طرابلس دے کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ سوم نے 1176 دے اخیر چ مونٹفیریٹ دے ولیم لانگسورڈ نال ویاہ کرن دا بندوبست کیتا، لیکن اک سال دے اندر، ولیم مر گیا، جس نال اوہ حاملہ ہو گئی تے جافا تے اسکالون دی کاؤنٹی دے قبضے چ آ گئی۔ اک پتر، بالڈون نوں جنم دین دے تھوڑی دیر بعد، سبیلا عوامی کماں وچ اپنے بھرا نال جڑی ہوئی، جس نال تخت دی اگلی قطار دے طور تے نامزد کیتا گیا۔ سبیلا دے بھرا نے 1180 وچ گائی آف لوسیگنن نال اوہدی دوجی شادی دا بندوبست کیتا، جس نال طرابلس دے ریمنڈ سوم تے انطاکیہ دے بوہیمنڈ سوم ولوں منصوبہ بند [[مسلح بغاوت|بغاوت نوں]] ناکام بنان دا امکان سی۔ جوڑے دے چار دھیاں سن، پر اوہناں دے ویاہ نے شرافت نوں ڈونگھی ونڈ دتی۔ 1183 تک، کنگ بالڈون اپنی بیماری دی وجہ توں مکمل طور تے نااہل ہو گیا سی تے نال ای گائی دے کردار تے قیادت کرن دی اسمرتھتا توں وی مایوس ہو گیا سی۔ گائے دے تخت اُتے بیٹھنے نو‏‏ں روکنے دے لئی ، بالڈون نے سبیلا دے بیٹے نو‏‏ں شریک بادشاہ دے طور اُتے تاج پہنایا تے سبیلا نو‏‏ں گائی تو‏ں الگ کرنے د‏‏ی کوشش کيتی ، لیکن جوڑے نے عدالت وچ پیش ہونے تو‏ں انکار کردتا۔ بالڈون چہارم 1185 وچ مر گیا، جس نے ریمنڈ نوں سبیلا جاں گائی دی بجائے بالڈون پنجم لئی ریجنٹ دے طور تے راج کرن لئی نامزد کیتا سی۔ اگلے سال منڈا بادشاہ مر گیا، تے سبیلا نے ریمنڈ دے عزائم دے خلاف تخت دا دعوی کرن لئی تیزی نال حرکت کیتی۔ اس نے اپنے حامیاں دے مطالبے تے اتفاق کیتا کہ اوہ گائے نو اک پاسے رکھے، اس شرط تے کہ اوہ اپنے اگلے شوہر دا انتخاب کر سکدی اے، تے ستمبر 1186 دے وسط وچ اپنی تاجپوشی دے موقعے تے گائے نال دوبارہ شادی کرن تے خود تاجپوشی کرن دا انتخاب کرکے انہاں نو شکست دتی۔ [[صلاح الدین ایوبی|صلاح الدین نے]] 1187 وچ حملہ کرن لئی بادشاہت وچ اختلاف توں فائدہ چُکیا، [[یروشلم بادشاہت|یروشلیم دی بادشاہی]] نوں اک شہر، ٹائر وچ گھٹا دتا۔ سبیلا نے اپنے شوہر دا دورہ کیتا، جہنوں [[حطین دی لڑائی|ہٹین دی فیصلہ کن لڑائی]] چ قید کیتا گیا سی، تے صلاح الدین توں اوہدی رہائی حاصل کیتی۔ جدوں گائے ایکر دا محاصرہ کر رئے سی، سبیلا تے اوہناں دیاں دھیاں 1190 چ ایکر Baldwin IV died in 1185, having named Raymond to rule as regent for Baldwin V instead of Sibylla or Guy. The boy king died the next year, and Sibylla moved quickly to claim the throne against Raymond's ambitions. She agreed to her supporters' demand to set Guy aside on the condition that she could choose her next husband, and outwitted them at her coronation in mid-September 1186 by choosing to remarry Guy and crown him herself. Saladin took advantage of the discord in the kingdom to invade in 1187, reducing the Kingdom of Jerusalem to a single city, Tyre. Sibylla visited her husband, who had been taken captive at the decisive Battle of Hattin, and procured from Saladin his release. While Guy was besieging Acre, Sibylla and their daughters died in 1190 of an epidemic outside Acre.دے باہر اک وبائی مرض نال مر گئیاں۔ == بچپن == سبیلا کاؤنٹ آف جافا تے اسکالون دے دو بچیاں چوں وڈی سی، [[امالریک اول|املریک]] ، تے اوہدی پہلی بیوی، اگنس آف کورٹنی ۔ سبیلا 1157 دے وچکار پیدا ہوئی، جدوں اوہدے ماں پیو نے ویاہ کیتا، تے 1161، جدوں اوہدا نکا بھرا، بالڈون ، جمیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے پیو دا چاچا یروشلم دے اوس ویلے دے راج کرن آلے بادشاہ ، بالڈون سوم سن، تے اس دی دادی ملکہ میلیسینڈ سی، جہڑی [[یروشلم بادشاہت|یروشلم دی بادشاہی]] دی پہلی خاتون حکمران سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بادشاہی دا حکمران طبقہ تے ہور [[صلیبی ریاستاں]] ، جنہاں نو‏‏ں فرینک کہیا جاندا اے ، فرانسیسی بولنے والے [[کیتھولک چرچ|کیتھولک]] سن جو [[لہندا یورپ|مغربی یورپ]] تو‏ں [[لیونت|لیوانٹ]] پہنچے سن تے ثقافت وچ مغربی رہے سن ۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا دا ناں فلینڈرز دی کاؤنٹیس ، اوہدےBaldwin IV died in 1185, having named Raymond to rule as regent for Baldwin V instead of Sibylla or Guy. The boy king died the next year, and Sibylla moved quickly to claim the throne against Raymond's ambitions. She agreed to her supporters' demand to set Guy aside on the condition that she could choose her next husband, and outwitted them at her coronation in mid-September 1186 by choosing to remarry Guy and crown him herself. Saladin took advantage of the discord in the kingdom to invade in 1187, reducing the Kingdom of Jerusalem to a single city, Tyre. Sibylla visited her husband, who had been taken captive at the decisive Battle of Hattin, and procured from Saladin his release. While Guy was besieging Acre, Sibylla and their daughters died in 1190 of an epidemic outside Acre. پیو دی سوتیلی بھین تے اوہدی گاڈ مدر دے ناں تے رکھیا گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hodgson|2007}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} [[فائل:Agnes_courtenay.jpg|right|thumb| اگنس (کھبے) تے املرک (سجے) دی شادی دی منسوخی]] جدو‏ں 1163ء وچ بادشاہ بالڈون III د‏‏ی موت ہوگئی تاں ہائی کورٹ نے امالرک نو‏‏ں نويں بادشاہ دے طور اُتے قبول کرنے دے لئی اگنس دے نال اپنی شادی نو‏‏ں منسوخ کرنے اُتے راضی ہونے اُتے مجبور کيتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اوہناں دی شادی منسوخ ہون دے بعد، املرک نے پوپ الیگزینڈر سوم نوں اپنے بچیاں نو جائز قرار دین چ کامیابی حاصل کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} چونکہ بادشاہ دے دربار وچ 1167 وچ [[ماریا کومنی (ملکہ یروشلم )|ماریہ کومنین]] دے نال شادی تک کوئی ملکہ دا گھرانہ نئيں سی ، اس لئی ایہ چار سالہ سبیلا دے لئی غیر موزاں سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} مغربی طریقیاںBaldwin IV died in 1185, having named Raymond to rule as regent for Baldwin V instead of Sibylla or Guy. The boy king died the next year, and Sibylla moved quickly to claim the throne against Raymond's ambitions. She agreed to her supporters' demand to set Guy aside on the condition that she could choose her next husband, and outwitted them at her coronation in mid-September 1186 by choosing to remarry Guy and crown him herself. Saladin took advantage of the discord in the kingdom to invade in 1187, reducing the Kingdom of Jerusalem to a single city, Tyre. Sibylla visited her husband, who had been taken captive at the decisive Battle of Hattin, and procured from Saladin his release. While Guy was besieging Acre, Sibylla and their daughters died in 1190 of an epidemic outside Acre. دے نال سانجھا، سبیلا [[القدس|یروشلم]] دے نیڑے سینٹ لعزر دے کانونٹ چ چلی گئی تاکہ بادشاہ دی خالہ، ایبیس آئیوویٹا ، ملکہ میلیسنڈ دی سب توں چھوٹی بھین، توں تعلیم حاصل کیتی جا سکے۔ {{Sfn|Hodgson|2007}} سبیلا دی گاڈ مدر، کاؤنٹیس سبیلا آف فلینڈرز، وی اک نن دے طور تے اوتھے سی، جہڑی 1159 وچ اک بن گئی سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} اس دے نتیجے وچ اس دا اپنی ماں {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} یا بھرا {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} نال بہت گھٹ رابطہ سی، جہڑا اوہناں دے پیو دا وارث سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اپنی دوجی بیوی، ماریہ کومنین دے نال، بادشاہ دی دو دھیاں سن، جنہاں چوں صرف اسابیلا بچپن چ بچ گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اک کانونٹ نہ صرف سبیلا ورگی شریف عورت لئی اپنی تعلیم حاصل کرن دی معمول دی تھاں سی، بلکہ سب توں چنگی تھاں سی; ایہہ نہ صرف عورتاں لئی اک سکھیا دا مرکز سی، سگوں سبیلا نوں جبری ویاہ یا اغوا توں وی بچاندا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ایبی چ اک طالب علم دے طور تے، سبیلا نے سکھیا ہووے گا کہ اس ویلے کسی وی اشرافیہ عورت توں کی توقع کیتی جاندی اے۔ اوہ [[مسیحیت|عیسائی عقیدے]] دے بارے چ سکھ لیندی، پرانے فرانسیسی تے [[لاطینی]] چ پڑھن تے لکھن دا طریقہ، تے عورتاں دی مہارتاں جویں کہ کتائی ، کڑھائی تے گانا۔ اوہ [[باز داری|ہاک دے نال شکار]] کرنا وی سکھے گیBaldwin IV died in 1185, having named Raymond to rule as regent for Baldwin V instead of Sibylla or Guy. The boy king died the next year, and Sibylla moved quickly to claim the throne against Raymond's ambitions. She agreed to her supporters' demand to set Guy aside on the condition that she could choose her next husband, and outwitted them at her coronation in mid-September 1186 by choosing to remarry Guy and crown him herself. Saladin took advantage of the discord in the kingdom to invade in 1187, reducing the Kingdom of Jerusalem to a single city, Tyre. Sibylla visited her husband, who had been taken captive at the decisive Battle of Hattin, and procured from Saladin his release. While Guy was besieging Acre, Sibylla and their daughters died in 1190 of an epidemic outside Acre.، یا کمان نوں سنبھالنا وی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بادشاہ املریک نوں خوف سی کہ، اپنے بھرا تے اوہناں دے پیو، بادشاہ فولک دی طرح، اوہ وی اپنے وارث دے [[عمر بلوغت|اکثریت دی عمر]] تک پہنچن توں پہلاں، جوان ہو کے مر جائے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} کوئی قریبی مرد رشتہ دار نئیں سی جہڑا اپنے پتر دی طرفوں ریجنٹ دے طور تے حکومت کر سکدا سی جے مؤخر الذکر اک نابالغ دے طور تے عروج تے چڑھ گیا، املرک نے 1169 وچ ٹائر دے آرچ بشپ ، فریڈرک ڈی لا روچ نوں مغربی یورپ وچ سبیلا لئی شوہر لبھن دا اختیار دتا۔ اس امیدوار نو کافی اعلیٰ عہدے تے حکومت اچ کافی تجربہ رکھن آلا اک بڈھا بندہ ہونا چاہیدا سی جہڑا چرچ دی حرام ڈگریاں دے اندر سبیلا نال تعلق نئیں رکھدا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} املرک نے فرانس دے بادشاہ لوئس ہفتم دے سالے تے انگریزی شاہی گھرانے دے رشتہ دار کاؤنٹ اسٹیفن اول آف سانسر دا انتخاب کیتا۔ اسٹیفن 1171 وچ یروشلم آیا، اس دے نال ہور اہم شریف وی شامل سن، جس وچ اس دا بھتیجا ہیو سوم آف برگنڈی وی شامل سی، جس نو بعد وچ شادی دے لئی سبیلا دا ہتھ پیش کیتا گیا۔ ٹائر دے کرونکل ولیم نے اسٹیفن نو "جسم وچ شریف آدمی، لیکن اس طرح دا رویہ نئيں" دے طور اُتے بیان کیتا {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا دے بھائی نو‏‏ں کوڑھ دا شکار ہونے دا شک سی، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس وقت اک لاعلاج بیماری سی جو اسنو‏ں شادی کرنے تے بچےآں نو‏‏ں جنم دینے تو‏ں روکدی سی، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} لہذا املرک نے اسٹیفن دے بیٹے دے بادشاہ دے طور اُتے امالرک نو‏‏ں بالآخر اسٹیفن دے بادشاہ دے طور اُتے دیکھیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، اسٹیفن نے نامعلوم وجوہات دی بنا تے میچ نو مسترد کر دتا، کجھ مہینیاں دے بعد اپنی زمیناں تے واپس آ گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} [[فائل:Step1San02.jpg|thumb| سانسیرے دے اسٹیفن اول نوں وکھان آلا سکہ]] جد کہ ایہ نئیں پتہ کہ اسٹیفن نے "بے عزت تے ناپاکی" دے انتظام توں کیوں پچھے ہٹ گیا، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ایہ ممکن اے کہ اوہ تے املرک اس گل تے متفق نئیں ہو سکدے کہ اوہ سبیلا دے شوہر دے طور تے کی طاقت رکھے گا۔ چونکہ املریک دے کول پہلے ای اک پتر سی، بالڈون، تے اس ویلے وی اپنی بیوی ماریہ دے نال اک صحت مند پتر ہو سکدا سی، اسٹیفن نے محسوس کیتا کہ اس نوں کجھ وی وارث ہون دی ضمانت نئیں سی۔ ایہ وی ممکن اے کہ اسٹیفن، اگنس تے املریک دی منسوخی دے بارے چ جان کے، سبیلا دی جائزیت دے بارے چ فکر مند ہو گیا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} == وارث مفروضہ == [[فائل:Amalric_smrt.jpg|thumb| بادشاہ املریک دی موت جویں کہ 13ویں صدی چ دکھایا گیا اے]] جدو‏ں بادشاہ املرک 11 جولائ‏ی 1174ء نو‏‏ں پیچش د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں مر گیا تاں ہائی کورٹ اس گل اُتے مشتمل ہوئی کہ اس دا جانشین کون بنے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا دا 13 سالہ بھرا، بالڈون، واضح جانشین ہوندا جے اوہدے شروع ہون آلے کوڑھ دے خوف نہ ہوندے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے لئی واحد سنجیدہ متبادل سبیلا سی ، جس د ی عمر اس وقت تقریباً 15 سال سی۔ خواتین دی جانشینی حالیہ قانون وچ مبنی سی تے اس دی مثال سی، کیونجے سبیلا دی دادی میلیسینڈ اپنے پتراں توں پہلاں تخت تے بیٹھی سی۔ تاہم، سبیلا جوان، ناتجربہ کار تے غیر شادی شدہ سی۔ [[صلیبی ریاستاں|لاطینی مشرق]] چ کوئی وی بیچلر اوہدے نال ویاہ کرن دے قابل نئیں سی; طرابلس دے کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ سوم تے انطاکیہ دے بالڈون بہت نیڑے دے رشتہ دار سن ، تے بادشاہت دے بیرناں وچو ں کسی اک تو ں شادی دوسرےآں وچ ناراضگی پیدا کرسکدی سی۔ بیرون ملک اک میچ لبھنا پیا، لیکن کیونکہ اس چ بہت زیادہ عرصہ لگے گا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون چہارم نو اس توقع دے نال منتخب کیتا گیا کہ جے اوہ متاثر ہویا تے سبیلا دے بعد اک شوہر لبھ جائے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} === ویاہ === کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ آف طرابلس ، جو اس وقت تک یروشلم د‏‏ی بادشاہی وچ گلیل دا شہزادہ وی سی ، سب تو‏ں نیڑےی مرد رشتہ دار ہونے د‏‏ی بنیاد اُتے نوجوان بادشاہ دے لئی ریجنٹ بن گیا۔ اس نے سبیلا تے بالڈون د‏‏ی ماں ، اگنس نو‏‏ں عدالت وچ واپس آنے د‏‏ی اجازت دتی ، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے اگنس دا آنے والے سالاں وچ اپنے بچےآں تو‏ں سخت وابستگی تے اثر و رسوخ سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} اس دے تخت نشینی دے بعد بالڈون د ی حالت تیزی تو ں خراب ہوگئی ، تے چونکہ ایہ واضح سی کہ اسنو ں کوڑھ سی ، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس لئی سبیلا دے لئی شادی دا انتظام کرنا ضروری ہو گیا۔ ریمنڈ تے ہائی کورٹ ولوں چُنیا گیا دولہا مونٹفیریٹ دا ولیم "لانگ سوورڈ" سی، جو مونٹفیریٹ دے مارکیز ولیم پنجم دا پتر سی تے مقدس رومن شہنشاہ [[فریڈرک باربروسا]] تے فرانس دے بادشاہ لوئس ہفتم دوناں دا کزن سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} مزید برآں، ولیم V نے [[دوجی صلیبی جنگ]] وچ حصہ لیا، جس وچ اپنے خاندان دی یروشلیم دی بادشاہی لئی لگن دا مظاہرہ کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ولیم اکتوبر 1176 وچ مشرق وچ پہنچیا؛ اس ویلے تک، یروشلم دی بادشاہی دے بیرن اس دے نال اتنے چنگے مزاج نئیں سن، ممکنہ طور تے ایس لئی کہ شہنشاہ فریڈرک نوں لومبارڈ لیگ دے خلاف فوجی ناکامیاں دا سامنا کرنا پیا سی تے ہن مشرق چ کیتھولکاں دی مدد کرن دی توقع نئیں کیتی جا سکدی سی۔ ولیم آف ٹائر نے رپورٹ دتی کہ ولیم لانگسورڈ دی سبیلا نال شادی "اوہناں وچوں کجھ لوکاں ولوں ناپسندیدہ تے کھل کے مخالفت کیتی گئی سی جنہاں دے مشورے نال اوہنوں بلایا گیا سی۔" {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ویاہ نو اگے ودھنا پیا، تاہم، کیونکہ جے سبیلا نو دوبارہ جلٹ کیتا جاندا اے تے سبیلا دے امکانات ناقابل تلافی طور تے گھٹ ہو سکدے سن۔ ولیم آف ٹائر دے مطابق، ولیم لانگسورڈ نومبر وچ سبیلا دا شوہر بن گیا، اس دے آنے دے صرف چالیس دن بعد، کیونجے بالڈون تے سبیلا نے پچھلے سال حلف کھادی سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ولیم نو بعد چ جافا تے اسکالون دی کاؤنٹی دتی گئی، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} جس نے سبیلا نو اپنی ماں دے علاوہ بادشاہی چ واحد کاؤنٹیس بنا دتا، جہنوں اس دی منسوخی دے بعد ایہ خطاب دتا گیا سی، جس نے اک خاص امتیاز حاصل کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون نے ولیم دے حق وچ استعفیٰ دینے د‏‏ی پیشکش کيت‏‏ی ہوئے گی ، لیکن ولیم نے انکار کردتا کیونجے اوہ جانتا سی کہ اسنو‏ں شرافت وچ حمایت د‏‏ی کمی ا‏‏ے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے باوجود، سبیلا تے ولیم دے کول اکٹھے اک مستحکم مستقبل اے، تے جے لوڑ پئی تے اوہ آسانی نال اتھارٹی لے سکدے سن۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} === کاؤنٹیس === [[فائل:1187_Kingdom_Of_Jerusalem_based_on_1889_map.svg|thumb| یروشلیم دی بادشاہی چ جاگیراں دا نقشہ]] اپریل 1177 دے آسے پاسے، اوہ تے سبیلا دے بچے دے حاملہ ہون دے تھوڑی دیر بعد، ولیم شدید بیمار ہو گیا؛ جدوں بالڈون اپنے سالے نوں ملن آیا، تے اوہ وی شدید بیمار ہو گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ولیم جون وچ مر گیا، جس ویلے تک سبیلا دی حمل دا پتہ چل گیا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے اوہ جافا تے اسکالون دی ''سو جوری'' کاؤنٹیس دے طور تے رہ گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} ولیم دی موت نے اوہدے ہم عصراں نوں مایوس کر دتا، کئیاں نوں شک سی کہ اوہنوں قتل کر دتا گیا اے۔ ولیم آف ٹائر نے اس دا بہت گھٹ نوٹ کیتا، جس دا مطلب اے کہ اس دی بے قاعدہ طرز زندگی تے زیادہ کھان پین دی وجہ توں اس دی موت ہو گئی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} سبیلا تے بالڈون دے پہلے کزن کاؤنٹ فلپ اول آف فلینڈرز ولیم د‏‏ی موت دے فورا بعد ہی یروشلم پہنچے ، لیکن جدو‏ں بادشاہ ، جو حالے وی خوفناک بیمار سی ، جلدی تے بے صبری تو‏ں اسنو‏ں ریجنسی تو‏ں انکار کردتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بلکہ، فلپ دے وڈے ٹیچیاں چوں اک سبیلا تے اوہدی سوتیلی بھین اسابیلا نوں بالترتیب رابرٹ تے ولیم نال ویاہ کرن دا بندوبست کرنا سی، جہڑے اوہدے پسندیدہ لیجمین رابرٹ پنجم آف بیتھون دے پتر سن۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} قیاس کیتا جاندا اے کہ فلپ چاہندا سی کہ ایہ لوک فلینڈرز وچ اپنی زمیناں اس دے حوالے کرن تے یروشلم دی بادشاہی تے قبضہ کرن۔ بالڈون دے اختیار نو کمزور کرن دی فلپ دی کوشش نو فوری طور تے تسلیم کردے ہوئے، ہائی کورٹ نے اس رواج دا مقابلہ کیتا کہ بیوہ سبیلا نو اک سال دے سوگ دا حقدار اے، جہڑا خاص طور تے اس دی حمل دی وجہ توں مناسب سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} فلپ تے ہائی کورٹ ایس گل تے متفق نئیں ہو سکے کہ سبیلا دے اگلے شوہر دے انتخاب وچ اوہناں وچوں کیہڑا آخری گل کرے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} رملا دے مالک ، ایبلین دے بالڈون نے فلپ دی مخالفت دی اگوائی کیتی تے امید کیتی کہ اوہ چنے ہوئے منگیتر بنے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} [[فائل:Philip_of_Alsace2.jpg|right|thumb| فلینڈرز دے فلپ اول دی مہر]] سبیلا نے 1177–78 دے سردیاں وچ اک پتر نوں جنم دتا، جسدا ناں بالڈون سی۔ اس لڑکے دا ناں اس دے چاچے دے ناں اُتے رکھیا گیا سی ، جس تو ں ایہ ظاہر ہُندا اے کہ اوہ اس دا وارث بننا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} جون 1178 وچ اس دا سوگ دا دور ختم ہو گیا، تے اس دے لئی اک نويں شادی دے لئی مذاکرات کرنا مناسب ہو گیا۔ بالڈون آف ایبلن دا سوٹ بہت مشہور سی، لیکن مسترد کر دتا گیا; اسدے بھرا [[بالیان|بلیان نوں]] 1177 دے انت وچّ سبیلا دی سوتیلی ماں ملکہ ماریہ نال ویاہ کرن دی آگیا دے دتی گئی۔ یکم جولائی 1178ء نو‏‏ں ، سبیلا نے اپنے بھائی دے نال عوامی کارروائیاں وچ وابستہ ہونا شروع کيتا ، تے اس لئی اس نے اسنو‏ں تخت دے لئی اگلی قطار دے طور اُتے تسلیم کيتا۔ ایہ اوہناں دی دادی میلیسینڈ دی اپنے پیو، کنگ بالڈون II دے نال تعلقات دی یاد دلا رہیا سی۔ بالڈون چہارم نے اس طرح سبیلا دی حیثیت نو اپنے وارث دے طور تے تصدیق کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ہائی کورٹ نے متفقہ طور تے اتفاق کیتا کہ سبیلا نو اگلا ویاہ برگنڈی دے ڈیوک ہیو سوم نال کرنا چاہیدا اے۔ ٹائر دے ولیم دے مطابق، انہاں نے کہیا "کہ سانوں لارڈ کنگ دی بھین، جہنوں پہلے مارکیز (مونٹفرٹ) نے اسی شرطاں تے حاصل کیتا سی، اوہنوں شادی چ قبول کرنا چاہیدا اے۔" {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بالڈون چہارم اتنی بے صبری تو‏ں چاہندا سی کہ اک سالا اس دے لئی بادشاہت اُتے قبضہ کرے کہ اس نے فرانس دے بادشاہ نو‏‏ں ایہ اختیار دتا کہ جے ہیو نے انکار کردتا تاں متبادل امیدوار منتخب کرسک‏‏ے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، اسٹیفن دے برعکس، ہیو تخت دا بالڈون چہارم دا براہ راست وارث نئیں بنے گا کیونکہ سبیلا دا ہن اک پتر سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ہیو نے 1180 دے اوائل چ مشرق ول جان دا ارادہ کیتا {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے ایسٹر تے سبیلا نال ویاہ کرنا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} فرانس دے [[صلیبی جنگاں|صلیبیاں]] دا اک گروہ، جس دی اگوائی کاؤنٹ ہنری اول آف شیمپین ، پیٹر اول آف کورٹنی ، تے فلپ آف ڈریکس نے کیتی، جولائی 1179 وچ پہنچیا، لیکن اوہ مصری حکمران [[صلاح الدین ایوبی|صلاح الدین نوں]] لی چیسٹیلٹ دے صلیبی قلعے نو تباہ کرن توں روکن وچ ناکام رہے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} اس دے باوجود، اوہ اگلے سال سبیلا تے ہیو دے تاجپوشی وچ مدد کرن دی امید وچ بادشاہی وچ رہے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، ہیو نے کدی وی سفر نئیں کیتا، ممکنہ طور تے اپنے نوجوان پتر، اوڈو نو برگنڈی چ اپنے ریجنٹ دے طور تے نئیں چھڈنا چاہندا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} === دوبارہ ویاہ === [[فائل:Lettrine-Sibylle-betrothal&marriage.jpg|thumb| 13ویں صدی دے ایکڑ چ بالڈون چہارم دی تصویر کشی سبیلا نوں گائی نال منگنی کردی اے تے سبیلا گائی نال ویاہ کردی اے]] 1180 دے مقدس ہفتے دے دوران حالات نے اک غیر متوقع موڑ لیا۔ بادشاہ [[فلپ آگسٹس|فلپ دوم]] دے تخت نشینی دے بعد فرانس وچ پیدا ہونے والے تنازعے نے ہیو نو‏‏ں اپنے علاقے نو‏‏ں چھڈنے تو‏ں روک دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} عصری تواریخ نگار ارنول تے ولیم آف ٹائر نے واقعات نو مختلف طریقے نال بیان کیتا اے۔ ارنول دے مطابق، جدوں اوہ صلاح الدین دی قید وچ سی، سبیلا نے ایبلن دے بالڈون نوں لکھیا، تے وعدہ کیتا کہ جے اوہ اپنے آپ نوں تاوان دے سکدا اے تے اوہ اپنے بھرا نوں اوہناں دی شادی دی اجازت دین تے راضی کرے گی، لیکن اوہدی ماں نے اوہنوں گائے آف لوسینن نال ویاہ کرن لئی راضی کیتا، جو اک پوئٹیوین نائٹ سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تریخ دان برنارڈ ہیملٹن دا کہنا اے کہ ارنول دا بیان، اگرچہ پرانے تریخ نگاری وچ قبول کیتا گیا اے، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ایبلین دے حق وچ متعصب اے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ولیم آف ٹائر نے رپورٹ دتی اے کہ 1180 وچ مقدس ہفتے دے دوران ، طرابلس دے کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ سوم تے انطاکیہ دے شہزادہ بوہیمنڈ سوم شاہ بالڈون دے خلاف [[مسلح بغاوت|بغاوت]] کرنے دے لئی یروشلم د ی طرف مارچ کررہے سن ۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ہیملٹن نے ایہ نتیجہ اخذ کیتا کہ انہاں نے بادشاہ نو‏‏ں مجبور کرنے دا ارادہ کیتا کہ اوہ سبیلا نو‏‏ں ایبلن دے بالڈون تو‏ں شادی کرے تے فیر استعفیٰ دے دے، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے بادشاہ نے گائی دے نال اس د‏ی شادی دا بندوبست کرکے انہاں دے منصوبے نو‏‏ں ناکام بنا دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ویاہ بہت چھیتی ہو گیا؛ ایہ تقریب قانونی طور تے غلط سی تے عوامی نوٹس نئیں دتا گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بادشاہ بالڈون نے کدی وی بالڈون آف ایبلن دی منظوری نئیں دتی سی، ممکنہ طور تے ایس لئی کہ ایبلن خاندان حال ای چ لارڈ دے عہدے تے اپڑیا سی۔ اک ہور عنصر ایہ سی کہ صلاح الدین نو‏‏ں ریمنڈ تے بوہیمنڈ د‏‏ی سازش تو‏ں آگاہ کیتا گیا سی کہ اوہ بالڈون آف ایبلن نو‏‏ں تخت اُتے بٹھاندے سن تے اس وجہ تو‏ں بالڈون آف ایبلن د‏‏ی تاوان نو‏‏ں اک بادشاہ دے طور اُتے مقرر کیتا گیا سی ؛ اجہے قرضے آلا جانشین مطلوبہ نئیں سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} 1180 توں، سبیلا نے گائی دے نال جافا تے اسکالون نوں رکھیا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} تے اوہدے نال چار دھیاں سن، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} جنہاں چ ایلس تے ماریہ شامل سن۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} اوہناں دی شادی نے شرافت نوں گائی (سبیلا؛ بادشاہ؛ اوہناں دی ماں، اگنس؛ اوہناں دے سوتیلے پیو، رینالڈ ، سیڈون دا مالک ؛ اوہناں دے ماں دے چاچے، جوسلین آف کورٹنی ؛ تے اولٹریجورڈن دے مالک ، رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون ) دی حمایت کرن آلے اک دھڑے تے اوہدے خلاف اک دھڑے (سبیلا؛ بادشاہ دے رشتے داراں) وچ ونڈ دتا۔ انطاکیہ تے ریمنڈ آف طرابلس؛ بالڈون تے بالیان آف ایبلین؛ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} مخالف فریق نو اک حریف دعویدار قائم کرن توں روکن دے لی، بادشاہ نے اپنی ماں دا مشورہ لیا تے، اکتوبر 1180 وچ، اپنڑی تے سبیلا دی سوتیلی بھین، اسابیلا، ٹورون دے ہمفری چہارم نال منگنی کیتی، جہڑا رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون دا سوتیلا پتر سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} مارچ 1181 توں، سبیلا تے گائے دوویں عوامی کماں چ بادشاہ بالڈون دے نال جڑے سن۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}}{{chart top|Sibylla's family,{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|pp=xviii, xx}} including Guy and his partisans (blue rectangular) and Guy's opponents (red rounded){{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=158}}}} {{tree chart/start|align=center}} {{چارٹ|||||||||||||||||||||Baldwin|y|Morphia}} {{چارٹ||||||||||||,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.|}} {{چارٹ|Eremburga|y|~|Fulk|~|y|Melisende|,|-|-|-|.|||||||||||||||||||||||Alice||Hodierna||Ioveta}} {{چارٹ||,|-|^|-|.||||)|-|-|-|a|-|-|-|a|-|-|-|.||||||||||||||||||||!||||!|}} {{چارٹ|Geoffrey||Sibylla||Baldwin||Joscelin||Agnes|y|Amalric|y|Maria|~|Balian||Stephanie|~|Raynald|~|Constance||Raymond}} {{چارٹ||!||||!||||||||,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|.||`|-|.||||||||!||||,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}} {{چارٹ|Henry||Philip||William|y|Sibylla|~|Guy||Baldwin||Isabella|~|~|~|~|~|Humphrey||Bohemond||Maria|~|Manuel||BaldwinA}} {{چارٹ||||||||||||!|}} {{چارٹ|||||||||||Baldwin|||}} {{tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == وراثت توں محروم ہونا == بالڈون چہارم دا کوڑھ تیزی نال ودھدا گیا؛ 1183 وچ اوہ اپنی نظر گوا بیٹھا تے ہن اوہ بغیر سہارا دے ٹر نئیں سکدا سی یا اپنے ہتھاں دا استعمال نئیں کر سکدا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اک جان لیوا بخار پیدا ہون دے بعد، اس نے جون وچ ہائی کورٹ نوں طلب کیتا تے گائی نوں ریجنٹ بنا دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون نے صرف شاہی لقب تے یروشلم دا شہر برقرار رکھیا۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} گائے نے اک موثر فوجی رہنما بنن لئی بہوں زیادہ ناپسندیدہ ثابت کیتا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے یروشلیم نوں ٹائر دے بدلے کرن توں انکار کرکے نااہل بادشاہ دی شدید توہین کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} صلاح الدین نے کیرک قلعے تے 1183ء دے اخیر چ حملہ کیتا جدوں سیبیلا دی سوتیلی بھین اسابیلا دا ہمفری آف ٹورون نال ویاہ منایا جا رہیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون نے اپنے فوجیاں نوں بلایا۔ فوج دی موثر کمانڈ کرن لئی اس تے اعتماد نئیں کردے ہوئے، بادشاہ نے گائی نو ریجنسی توں محروم کر دتا تے، موثر انداز چ، جانشینی دی لکیر چ اس دی تھاں توں محروم کر دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے بعد جمع شدہ شرافت دے ذریعہ جانشینی اُتے غور کيتا گیا ، جس وچ گائی ، اگنس ، انطاکیہ دے بوہیمنڈ ، طرابلس دے ریمنڈ ، سیڈون دے رینالڈ ، تے ایبلن برادران شامل سن ، لیکن سبیلا دے حامی رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون تے جوسلین آف کورٹنی شامل نئيں سن ۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} آخر کار، اگنس دی تجویز کہ سبیلا دے پنج سالہ بیٹے، بالڈون V نو شریک بادشاہ دا تاج پہنایا جائے، قبول کر لیا گیا کیونکہ اس دا سبیلا دے بعد اگلا سب توں مضبوط دعوی سی۔ تاجپوشی 20 نومبر نو‏‏ں ہوئی ، تے اس لڑکے نو‏‏ں اپنے سوتیلے والد دے علاوہ تمام بیرناں د‏‏ی خراج تحسین ملی ، جسنو‏ں مدعو نئيں کيت‏‏ا گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} سبیلا نے ممکنہ طور تے اس تاجپوشی تے اتفاق کیتا تے اس حقیقت نو قبول کیتا کہ اوہ اپنے پتر دی ریجنٹ نئیں ہووے گی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} فیر بالڈون چہارم تے اس دی فوج نے کیرک دے محاصرے نو دور کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} [[فائل:Français_2824,_fol._162v,_Raymond_de_Tripoli_nommé_régent.jpeg|thumb| بالڈون چہارم دی موت، بالڈون پنجم دی تاجپوشی، تے ریمنڈ دی ریجنسی لئی نامزدگی جویں کہ 13ویں صدی چ ایکر چ دکھایا گیا اے۔]] ایہہ سوال کہ بالڈون V لئی ریجنٹ دے طور تے بادشاہی تے کون حکومت کرے گا، معذور بادشاہ نوں پریشان کردا سی۔ جے بالڈون چہارم مر جاندا اے تے سبیلا تے گائے کول ریجنسی دا بہترین دعویٰ ہوندا۔ اس دا بھرا جانندا سی کہ اس نوں صرف اوہناں دی شادی منسوخ کر کے روکیا جا سکدا اے تے اس معاملے تے یروشلم دے لاطینی سردار ہیراکلیئس نال گل بات کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون گائے دے نال سبیلا دی پکے عقیدت دے نال نال ہیراکلیئس دے نال گائے دی دوستی نو وی مدنظر رکھن اچ ناکام رہیا، جس نے بالڈون دے ارادےآں دے بارے چ گائی نو خبردار کیتا ہووے گا۔ کیراک دا محاصرہ ختم کرنے دے بعد باقی فوج دے نال یروشلم جانے د‏‏ی بجائے ، گائے سدھا اسکالون چلا گیا تے سبیلا نو‏‏ں اک پیغام بھیجیا ، جو اوتھ‏ے اس دے نال شامل ہويا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} منسوخی انہاں دی موجودگی دے بغیر اگے نئیں ودھ سکدی سی، تے بالڈون دے طلبی دے باوجود جوڑے دے اسکالون چھڈن توں انکار نے انہاں نو الگ کرن دی منصوبہ بندی نو ناکام بنا دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} بالڈون نے اگلا جافا تے اسکالون نو ضبط کرن دی کوشش کیتی لیکن صرف جافا نو منسوخ کرن اچ کامیاب ہویا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} 1185 دے اوائل وچ بالڈون چہارم د‏‏ی موت دے بستر اُتے ، اس وقت اک بیمار بچہ بالڈون پنجم دے ناں اُتے ریجنٹ د‏‏ی حیثیت تو‏ں بادشاہت اُتے حکومت کرنے دا حق طرابلس دے ریمنڈ نو‏‏ں پیش کيتا گیا۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ریمنڈ نے ریجنسی نو‏‏ں اس شرط اُتے قبول کيتا کہ [[پوپ]] [[مقدس رومی شہنشاہ]] تے انگلینڈ تے فرانس دے بادشاہاں دے مشورے تو‏ں ایہ فیصلہ کرے کہ بالڈون پنجم د‏‏ی وقت تو‏ں پہلے موت د‏‏ی صورت وچ تاج سبیلا یا اسابیلا نو‏‏ں مل جائے۔ ہائی کورٹ نے شرائط قبول کر لئیاں تے بالڈون چہارم د‏‏ی موجودگی وچ اس د‏ی حلف کھادی۔ منڈے دی سرپرستی اوہدے دادے جوسلین آف کورٹنی نوں دتی گئی سی، تے اوہ ایکر چ رہندے سن۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ریمنڈ دی پارٹی سبیلا دے الحاق نوں روکن لئی پرعزم سی; اوہناں نے اپنے ماں پیو دی شادی دے منسوخ ہون دی بنیاد تے اوہدی جائزیت تے سوال چُکیا تے ایس گل تے زور دتا کہ اسابیلا اک راج کرن آلے بادشاہ توں پیدا ہوئی سی۔ مؤخر الذکر دلیل، " جامنی رنگ وچ پیدا ہونے " دے بازنطینی خیال اُتے مبنی، اسابیلا د ی بازنطینی ماں، ماریہ کومنینی تو ں آئی ہوئے گی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} بالڈون چہارم مارچ 1185 {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} یا 16 مئی 1185 توں پہلاں مر گیا، جدوں بالڈون پنجم واحد بادشاہ دے طور تے درج کیتا گیا اے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون پنجم دے والد دے دادا ، مونٹفرٹ دے مارکیز ولیم پنجم ، نوجوان بادشاہ دے حقوق د‏‏ی حفاظت دے لئی یروشلم پہنچے۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} == راج == === الحاق === [[فائل:Balduins_tomb.jpg|thumb| سبیلا ولوں اپنے پتر، بالڈون V لئی کمیشن کیتا گیا وسیع مقبرہ]] سبیلا دا پتر اگست 1186 چ ایکر چ مر گیا {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} سبیلا اپنے پتر دے جنازے چ رلت کرن لئی جلدی نال یروشلم چلی گئی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} اوہ تے گائے نے اپنے مضبوط مسلح تخرکشک دے نال شہر نو گیریژن کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} ادوں تکّ سبیلا دی ماں وی مر چکی سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} سبیلا نے اپنے پتر لئی اک وسیع قبر دا کمیشن دتا، کیونکہ اس ویلے شریف عورتاں دا فرض سی کہ اوہ اپنے شوہراں تے بچیاں دی یادگار نوں یقینی بنان۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ریمنڈ نے ہائی کورٹ نو [[نابلس]] طلب کیتا۔ سبیلا دی سوتیلی بھین، اسابیلا، اپنے شوہر ہمفری تے اپنے سوتیلے ٹبر، ایبلینز دے نال رلت کردی سی، جویں کہ ریمنڈ دے سوتیلے پتر، ہیو ، ولیم ، رالف تے [[Odo of Saint Omer|سینٹ اومر دے اوڈو]] نے کیتا سی۔ ہم عصراں دا خیال سی کہ ریمنڈ اپنے لئی تخت دا دعویٰ کرن دا ارادہ رکھدا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} دراں اثنا ، سبیلا دے چچا جوسلین آف کورٹنی نے اس دے ناں اُتے عکہ تے [[بیروت]] اُتے قبضہ ک‏ر ليا۔ <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">حوالہ دی لوڑ اے</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ریمنڈ نے سبیلا دی حمایت نو گھٹ سمجھیا۔ رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون تے ولیم پنجم آف مونٹفرٹ سبیلا دے نال آئے۔ اوہنوں سرپرست تے نائٹس ٹیمپلر دے ماسٹر ، رائڈفورٹ دے جیرارڈ ، جہڑے یروشلم چ رہندے سن، دے نال نال کانسٹیبل ، گائے دے بھرا ایمری نے وی حمایت دتی سی۔ چانسلر ، پیٹر آف لڈا ؛ تے سینیشل، اوہدا چاچا جوسلین۔ یروشلیم وچ جمع شرافت تے پادری جانشینی نو‏‏ں فوری طور اُتے طے کرنے د‏‏ی خواہش رکھدے سن ۔ اوہناں نے اتفاق کیتا کہ سبیلا کول سب توں چنگا دعویٰ سی، لیکن اس گل تے اختلاف کیتا کہ آیا گائی نوں اوہدے نال بادشاہ بننا چاہیدا اے۔ آخر چ، سبیلا دے حامیاں نے اس نوں اس دے حقوق دی تسلیم دے بدلے چ گائے نو چھڈن دی لوڑ پائی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا نے گائی نوں تن شرطاں تے طلاق دین تے راضی ہو گئی: گائی ولوں اپنیاں دھیاں دی جائز قرار دینا ، گائی ولوں جافا تے اسکالون نوں برقرار رکھنا، تے اک نواں شوہر چُنن دی آزادی جیویں اوہ مناسب سمجھدی اے۔ شرطاں منّ لئیاں گئیاں۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} === تاجپوشی === [[فائل:Français_9082,_fol._274v,_Couronnement_de_Sibylle_de_Jérusalem.jpg|right|thumb| سبیلا نوں ہیراکلیئس نے تاج پوایا جد کہ نابلس توں بھیجے گئے راہب اوہناں دی جاسوسی کردے سن۔]] ہیراکلیئس تے جیرارڈ دے مشورے اُتے ، سبیلا نے اپنے تاجپوشی وچ شرکت دے لئی لارڈز نو‏‏ں طلب کيتا۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ممکنہ طور تے ریمنڈ تے اوہدی پارٹی نو خوش کرن دی کوشش چ، گائی دا ذکر سمن چ نئیں کیتا گیا سی; {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا نے اعلان کیتا کہ بادشاہت وراثت دے حق تو‏ں اس دے پاس منتقل ہوگئی ا‏‏ے۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ریمنڈ دی پارٹی نے بہر حال حاضر ہون توں انکار کر دتا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} دلیل دتی کہ انج کرن نال بالڈون چہارم دے موت دے بستر تے لئے گئے حلفاں دی خلاف ورزی ہووے گی، {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} تے تاجپوشی توں منع کرن لئی راہباں دا اک وفد بھیجن تک گیا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} نائٹس ہسپتاللر دے ماسٹر ، راجر ڈیس مولینز نے وی حاضر ہون توں انکار کر دتا، سبیلا دی مخالفت دی بجائے حلف دی وجہ توں زیادہ امکان سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے باوجود اس نوں اپنی چابی صندوق دے حوالے کرن لئی قائل کیتا گیا سی جہدے وچ ریگالیا سی۔ شہر دے دروازےآں نو‏‏ں تاجپوشی تو‏ں پہلے روک دتا گیا سی تاکہ مخالف فریق د‏‏ی طرف تو‏ں رکاوٹ نو‏‏ں روکیا جاسک‏‏ے ، تے حاضرین د‏‏ی بجائے ، رینالڈ آف شاٹیلون دے زور اُتے یروشلم دے شہریاں نے سبیلا نو‏‏ں ملکہ قرار دتا سی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} [[فائل:Sibylla_crowns_Guy_of_Lusignan.jpg|thumb| جدوں اوہنوں سرپرست نے تاج پہنایا، سبیلا نے گائے نوں بلایا تے اوہنوں بادشاہ پہنایا۔]] جیویں کہ روایتی سی، تاجپوشی [[پاک قبر والا گرجا|چرچ آف دی ہولی سیپلچر]] چ منعقد کیتی گئی سی، {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ممکنہ طور تے ستمبر دے وسط چ۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے تاج پہنانے دے بعد، سرپرست نے سبیلا نو اک دوجا تاج دتا تے اس نو اک نویں بیوی دا انتخاب کرن لئی آکھیا۔ اس نے گائے نو بلا کے تے اس دے سر تے تاج رکھ کے حاضرین نو حیران کر دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، سبیلا تے گائے دے مسح ہون دا کوئی ذکر نئیں اے، جہڑا کہ اوس ویلے رواج ہوندا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} اس گل تے اتفاق کرن دے بعد کہ اوہ گائی نو اک پاسے رکھن دے بعد اک شوہر دا انتخاب کرے، اکٹھے ہوئے شریف لوک اس دی پسند تے کوئی اعتراض نئیں کر سکے۔ واقعات دے اس موڑ دے بارے چ سنن تے، ریمنڈ نے اسابیلا تے ہمفری نو حریف بادشاہاں دے طور تے تاج پہنان دی تجویز پیش کیتی، لیکن ہمفری رات نوں نابلس توں چپکے نال باہر نکل گیا تے یروشلم ول سوار ہو گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} پہنچن تے، اس نے ملکہ دے نال ملاقات دا مطالبہ کیتا، جس نے ابتدائی ہچکچاہٹ دے بعد اتفاق کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} اس نے اس دے نال وفاداری دی قسم کھادی، {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} تے اس نے اس نوں گائے نال ملن لئی لے گئی، جس نوں اس نے خراج تحسین پیش کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} راجر ڈیس مولینس تے ہیراکلیئس نے امن دی ثالثی کیتی تے طرابلس دے ریمنڈ تے ایبلن دے بالڈون دے علاوہ تمام بیرن یروشلم تابعداری لئی آئے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} === یروشلیم دا زوال === سبیلا طاقت نوں ورتن لئی چنگی پوزیشن وچ سی کیونکہ گائی دا اختیار پوری طرحاں اوہدے تے منحصر سی۔ اوہ انہاں دے دور حکومت دے پہلے مہینےآں وچ عوامی کارروائیاں وچ اپنے شوہر دے نال منسلک سی ، لیکن ایہ صلاح الدین دے حملے د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں کٹ گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} مسلسل سرکشی دے اک عمل وچ ، ریمنڈ نے صلاح الدین ایوبی دے نال اتحاد کیتا ، تے مسلم فوجیاں دے نال طبریہ نو‏‏ں گیریژن کیتا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} صلاح الدین نے 26 اپریل 1187ء نو‏‏ں اس سلطنت اُتے حملہ کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} یکم مئی نو‏‏ں [[ناصرہ|ناصرت]] دے نیڑے کریسن وچ مسلم فوجاں نے ٹیمپلرز تے ہاسپیٹلرز د‏‏ی مشترکہ فوجاں نو‏‏ں ختم کرنے دے بعد ، ریمنڈ نو‏‏ں اس دے اپنے غلاماں نے گائی دے تابع ہونے اُتے مجبور کيتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اگرچہ ہنڑ متحد ہو چکیا سی، لیکن کریسن چ شکست دی وجہ توں بادشاہی شدید طور تے کمزور ہو چکی سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} گائے دی اگوائی چ عیسائی فوج نوں 4 جولائی نوں [[حطین دی لڑائی|ہارنز آف ہیٹن چ]] اک کچل ہار دا سامنا کرنا پیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} صلاح الدین نے گائے نو قیدی بنا لیا تے رینالڈ نو پھانسی دے دتی; ریمنڈ ستمبر وچّ طرابلس وچّ اک بیماری کارن چلانا کر گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} کنگ گائے دی شکست تے ہیٹن چ قید دے ویلے ملکہ سبیلا یروشلم چ سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} اوہ شہر دے دفاع دے لئی اپنی بیٹیاں دے نال اسکالون چلی گئی تے صرف گائی د‏‏ی رہائی دے بدلے وچ اسنو‏ں صلاح الدین دے حوالے کر دتا ، لیکن اس دے باوجود صلاح الدین نے اسنو‏ں قید رکھیا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} تاہم، امداد لئی ایہناں اپیلاں چوں کوئی وی سبیلا دے ناں تے نئیں بھیجی گئی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ستمبر چ، صلاح الدین نے [[فتح بیت المقدس|بیت المقدس دا محاصرہ کیتا]] ۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} ملکہ نے پیٹریارک ہیراکلیئس تے ایبلین دے بالیان دی مدد نال دفاع دا کمانڈ کیتا ، لیکن شدید بمباری نے انہاں نو‏ں ہتھیار ڈالنے اُتے مجبور کردتا۔ صلاح الدین نے شکست خوردہ لوکاں نو اپنے آپ نو تاوان دین دی اجازت دتی، تے سبیلا نو [[انطاکیہ (تاریخی شہر)|انطاکیہ]] دے سفر دے دوران نابلس چ گائی دا دورہ کرن دی ہور اجازت دتی گئی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} بظاہر اوہ یورپ لئی اوتھے جان توں روکیا گیا سی جدوں اوہدا جہاز مونٹفیریٹ دے کونراڈ نے قبضہ کر لیا سی، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} اوہدے پہلے خاوند دا بھرا جہنے ٹائر دا دفاع کیتا سی۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} اس دی بجائے سبیلا اپنی سوتیلی ماں، ملکہ ماریہ، دے نال طرابلس چ شامل ہو گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} لڑائی ہٹین دے بعد دے مہینیاں چ، صائر دے علاوہ ساری بادشاہی صلاح الدین دے ہتھ چ آ گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} [[فائل:Lusignan_Tyr.jpg|thumb| ٹائر دے باہر گائے تے سبیلا دی 1295 دی تصویر کشی]] سبیلا نے گائی دی رہائی لئی صلاح الدین توں بار بار التجا کیتی، تے صلاح الدین نے جولائی 1188 وچ اوہدی درخواست منظور کر دتی {{Sfn|Runciman|1989b}} جوڑے نے ہنجوآں نال ٹورٹوسا دے نیڑے جزیرے ارواد تے دوبارہ اکٹھے ہوئے، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} جتھوں اوہ شمال ول انطاکیہ گئے تے فیر واپس جنوب ول طرابلس گئے، رستے چ اک فوج اکٹھی کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} اوہ اپریل 1189 وچ ٹائر ول مارچ کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989b}} شہر دے مدافع کونراڈ نے بادشاہ تے ملکہ نو‏‏ں شہر وچ داخل ہونے تو‏ں انکار کردتا ، جس د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں انہاں نو‏‏ں اس د‏ی دیواراں دے باہر کئی مہینے گزارنے اُتے مجبور ہوئے گئے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} کونراڈ نے آکھیا کہ گائی نے ہیٹن چ بادشاہی ضائع کر لئی اے تے ٹائر نوں مقدس رومی شہنشاہ تے انگلینڈ تے فرانس دے بادشاہاں لئی امانت چ رکھیا جا رہیا اے، جہڑے فیصلہ کرن گے کہ حکومت کس نوں تفویض کیتی جائے۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989b}} == موت == [[تیسری صلیبی جنگ|تیجی صلیبی جنگ]] 1189ء چ شروع ہوئی ، تے سبیلا ہمفری ، اسابیلا ، ماریہ تے بالیان دے نال عکہ دے محاصرے چ گائے دے نال گئی ۔ 1190 وچ صلیبیاں دے کیمپ وچ اک وباء آئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} سبیلا اپنی دھیاں ایلس تے ماریہ دے نال گرمیاں دے اخیر یا خزاں چ مر گئی۔ {{Efn|Hamilton dates Sibylla's death to 25 July 1190.{{sfn|Hamilton|1978|p=172}} Nicholson argues that she died between 16 and 21 October.{{sfn|Nicholson|2022|p=31}}}} ایہ واضح نئيں اے کہ باقی دو بیٹیاں پہلے مر گئیاں سن یا اسی وقت۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} آئی ''ٹینیریئم نے'' گائی دے خلاف غلط کھیڈ دے الزامات درج کیتے، لیکن سچائی چ، انہاں دی موت نے گائی نو تخت دے کسی وی حق توں محروم کر دتا۔ سبیلا دی وارث اوہدی سوتیلی بھین اسابیلا اول سی {{Sfn|Hodgson|2007}} == اندازہ ==   جدید تریخ نگاری وچ وسائل تے وفاداری سبیلا دی اہم خصوصیات رہندیاں نیں، جہنوں تریخ دان ہیلن جے نکولسن نے عصری صنفی آدرشاں دے ذریعہ اس دی تصویر دی مسخ کرن نال منسوب کیتا اے۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} == مقبول ثقافت == * ''جنت دی بادشاہی''&nbsp;– [[ایوا گرین]] نے سبیلا نو اک مشرقی شہزادی دے طور تے پیش کیتا جہڑی گائے دی بجائے [[بالیان|ایبلین دے بالیان نال]] محبت کردی سی۔ * ''[[فاتح القدس صلاح الدین ایوبی|کدوس فاتحی صلاح الدین ایوبی]]'' - گلپر اوزدمیر نے سبیلا دا کردار ادا کیتا، جہڑی گائے توں نفرت کردی سی تے بالیان نال محبت کردی سی۔ == نوٹ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Notelist}} == حوالے == === حوالے === === کتابیات ===  {{S-start}} {{s-reg|other}} |- {{s-vac|reason=Merged into [[royal domain]]|last=[[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric]]}} {{S-ttl}} {{s-vac|reason=Merged into [[royal domain]]|next=[[Geoffrey of Lusignan]]}} {{s-reg}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{s-aft|after=[[Isabella I of Jerusalem|Isabella I]]}} {{s-end}} [[گٹھ:1190 دیاں موتاں]] [[گٹھ:یروشلم دی ہمسر ملکاواں]] [[گٹھ:یروشلم دیاں شخصیتاں]] [[گٹھ:ترجمے نوں سمکھیاواں چاہیدیاں]] 5iw6klvo1ymixx6g7kqqmuo1g5eoow1 708887 708886 2026-07-25T06:00:56Z Abbas dhothar 361 708887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ڈبہ جانکاری شاہی اقتدار|name=سبیلا|succession=[[یروشلیم دی ملکہ]]|image=Queen Sibyl of Jerusalem.jpg|caption=13ویں صدی دے اک منیئچر دی تفصیل|reign=1186 – 1190|predecessor=[[یروشلیم دا بالڈون پنجم|بالڈون پنجم]]|successor=[[یروشلیم دی اسابیلا اول|اسابیلا اول]]|regent=[[گائی آف لوسیگنن|گائی]]|spouses={{marriage|[[ولیم لانگ سوورڈ آف مونٹفیریٹ]]|1176|1177|end=died}}<br>{{marriage|[[گائی آف لوسیگنن]]|1180}}|house=[[ چیٹوڈن راجٹبر |انجو راجٹبر]]|father=[[یروشلیم دا امالرک]]|mother=[[اگنس آف کورٹنی]]|religion=[[رومن کیتھولک]]|issue=[[یروشلیم دا بالڈون پنجم|بالڈون پنجم]]|birth_date={{circa|1159}}|birth_place=[[یروشلیم دی بادشاہی]]|death_date=25 جولائی{{death year and age|1190|1159}}|death_place=[[عکا، فلسطین|عکا]]}} '''سبیلا''' ( Old French ; c. 1159 – 1190) 1186 توں لے کے 1190 وچ اپنی موت تک یروشلیم دی رانی سی۔ اس نے اپنے شوہر گائے آف لوسیگنن دے نال حکومت کیتی، جس دی اس نے یروشلم دی بادشاہی دے بیرناں وچ اس دی ناپسندیدگی دے باوجود حمایت جاری رکھی۔ سبیلا [[امالریک اول|بادشاہ املرک]] دی سب توں وڈی دھی سی تے اوہدی پہلی بیوی، اگنس آف کورٹنی دی اکلوتی دھی سی۔ اس دے والد 1174 وچ مر گئے، جس نے اس دے چھوٹے بھائی، بادشاہ بالڈون چہارم دا وارث بنا دتا؛ جدوں ایہہ گل واضح ہو گئی کہ 13 سالہ بادشاہ نوں کوڑھ ہو گیا اے، تے سبیلا دی شادی دا معاملہ ضروری ہو گیا۔ ریجنٹ ، طرابلس دے کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ سوم نے 1176 دے اخیر چ مونٹفیریٹ دے ولیم لانگسورڈ نال ویاہ کرن دا بندوبست کیتا، لیکن اک سال دے اندر، ولیم مر گیا، جس نال اوہ حاملہ ہو گئی تے جافا تے اسکالون دی کاؤنٹی دے قبضے چ آ گئی۔ اک پتر، بالڈون نوں جنم دین دے تھوڑی دیر بعد، سبیلا عوامی کماں وچ اپنے بھرا نال جڑی ہوئی، جس نال تخت دی اگلی قطار دے طور تے نامزد کیتا گیا۔ سبیلا دے بھرا نے 1180 وچ گائی آف لوسیگنن نال اوہدی دوجی شادی دا بندوبست کیتا، جس نال طرابلس دے ریمنڈ سوم تے انطاکیہ دے بوہیمنڈ سوم ولوں منصوبہ بند [[مسلح بغاوت|بغاوت نوں]] ناکام بنان دا امکان سی۔ جوڑے دے چار دھیاں سن، پر اوہناں دے ویاہ نے شرافت نوں ڈونگھی ونڈ دتی۔ 1183 تک، کنگ بالڈون اپنی بیماری دی وجہ توں مکمل طور تے نااہل ہو گیا سی تے نال ای گائی دے کردار تے قیادت کرن دی اسمرتھتا توں وی مایوس ہو گیا سی۔ گائے دے تخت اُتے بیٹھنے نو‏‏ں روکنے دے لئی ، بالڈون نے سبیلا دے بیٹے نو‏‏ں شریک بادشاہ دے طور اُتے تاج پہنایا تے سبیلا نو‏‏ں گائی تو‏ں الگ کرنے د‏‏ی کوشش کيتی ، لیکن جوڑے نے عدالت وچ پیش ہونے تو‏ں انکار کردتا۔ بالڈون چہارم 1185 وچ مر گیا، جس نے ریمنڈ نوں سبیلا جاں گائی دی بجائے بالڈون پنجم لئی ریجنٹ دے طور تے راج کرن لئی نامزد کیتا سی۔ اگلے سال منڈا بادشاہ مر گیا، تے سبیلا نے ریمنڈ دے عزائم دے خلاف تخت دا دعوی کرن لئی تیزی نال حرکت کیتی۔ اس نے اپنے حامیاں دے مطالبے تے اتفاق کیتا کہ اوہ گائے نو اک پاسے رکھے، اس شرط تے کہ اوہ اپنے اگلے شوہر دا انتخاب کر سکدی اے، تے ستمبر 1186 دے وسط وچ اپنی تاجپوشی دے موقعے تے گائے نال دوبارہ شادی کرن تے خود تاجپوشی کرن دا انتخاب کرکے انہاں نو شکست دتی۔ [[صلاح الدین ایوبی|صلاح الدین نے]] 1187 وچ حملہ کرن لئی بادشاہت وچ اختلاف توں فائدہ چُکیا، [[یروشلم بادشاہت|یروشلیم دی بادشاہی]] نوں اک شہر، ٹائر وچ گھٹا دتا۔ سبیلا نے اپنے شوہر دا دورہ کیتا، جہنوں [[حطین دی لڑائی|ہٹین دی فیصلہ کن لڑائی]] چ قید کیتا گیا سی، تے صلاح الدین توں اوہدی رہائی حاصل کیتی۔ جدوں گائے [[عکا]] دا محاصرہ کر رئے سی، سبیلا تے اوہناں دیاں دھیاں 1190 چ [[عکا]] دے باہر اک وبائی مرض نال مر گئیاں۔ == بچپن == سبیلا کاؤنٹ آف جافا تے اسکالون دے دو بچیاں چوں وڈی سی، [[امالریک اول|املریک]] ، تے اوہدی پہلی بیوی، اگنس آف کورٹنی ۔ سبیلا 1157 دے وچکار پیدا ہوئی، جدوں اوہدے ماں پیو نے ویاہ کیتا، تے 1161، جدوں اوہدا نکا بھرا، بالڈون ، جمیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے پیو دا چاچا یروشلم دے اوس ویلے دے راج کرن آلے بادشاہ ، بالڈون سوم سن، تے اس دی دادی ملکہ میلیسینڈ سی، جہڑی [[یروشلم بادشاہت|یروشلم دی بادشاہی]] دی پہلی خاتون حکمران سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بادشاہی دا حکمران طبقہ تے ہور [[صلیبی ریاستاں]] ، جنہاں نو‏‏ں فرینک کہیا جاندا اے ، فرانسیسی بولنے والے [[کیتھولک چرچ|کیتھولک]] سن جو [[لہندا یورپ|مغربی یورپ]] تو‏ں [[لیونت|لیوانٹ]] پہنچے سن تے ثقافت وچ مغربی رہے سن ۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا دا ناں فلینڈرز دی کاؤنٹیس ، اوہدے پیو دی سوتیلی بھین تے اوہدی گاڈ مدر دے ناں تے رکھیا گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hodgson|2007}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} [[فائل:Agnes_courtenay.jpg|right|thumb| اگنس (کھبے) تے املرک (سجے) دی شادی دی منسوخی]] جدو‏ں 1163ء وچ بادشاہ بالڈون III د‏‏ی موت ہوگئی تاں ہائی کورٹ نے امالرک نو‏‏ں نويں بادشاہ دے طور اُتے قبول کرنے دے لئی اگنس دے نال اپنی شادی نو‏‏ں منسوخ کرنے اُتے راضی ہونے اُتے مجبور کيتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اوہناں دی شادی منسوخ ہون دے بعد، املرک نے پوپ الیگزینڈر سوم نوں اپنے بچیاں نو جائز قرار دین چ کامیابی حاصل کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} چونکہ بادشاہ دے دربار وچ 1167 وچ [[ماریا کومنی (ملکہ یروشلم )|ماریہ کومنین]] دے نال شادی تک کوئی ملکہ دا گھرانہ نئيں سی ، اس لئی ایہ چار سالہ سبیلا دے لئی غیر موزاں سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} مغربی طریقیاں دے نال سانجھا، سبیلا [[القدس|یروشلم]] دے نیڑے سینٹ لعزر دے کانونٹ چ چلی گئی تاکہ بادشاہ دی خالہ، ایبیس آئیوویٹا ، ملکہ میلیسنڈ دی سب توں چھوٹی بھین، توں تعلیم حاصل کیتی جا سکے۔ {{Sfn|Hodgson|2007}} سبیلا دی گاڈ مدر، کاؤنٹیس سبیلا آف فلینڈرز، وی اک نن دے طور تے اوتھے سی، جہڑی 1159 وچ اک بن گئی سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} اس دے نتیجے وچ اس دا اپنی ماں {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} یا بھرا {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} نال بہت گھٹ رابطہ سی، جہڑا اوہناں دے پیو دا وارث سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اپنی دوجی بیوی، ماریہ کومنین دے نال، بادشاہ دی دو دھیاں سن، جنہاں چوں صرف اسابیلا بچپن چ بچ گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اک کانونٹ نہ صرف سبیلا ورگی شریف عورت لئی اپنی تعلیم حاصل کرن دی معمول دی تھاں سی، بلکہ سب توں چنگی تھاں سی; ایہہ نہ صرف عورتاں لئی اک سکھیا دا مرکز سی، سگوں سبیلا نوں جبری ویاہ یا اغوا توں وی بچاندا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ایبی چ اک طالب علم دے طور تے، سبیلا نے سکھیا ہووے گا کہ اس ویلے کسی وی اشرافیہ عورت توں کی توقع کیتی جاندی اے۔ اوہ [[مسیحیت|عیسائی عقیدے]] دے بارے چ سکھ لیندی، پرانے فرانسیسی تے [[لاطینی]] چ پڑھن تے لکھن دا طریقہ، تے عورتاں دی مہارتاں جویں کہ کتائی ، کڑھائی تے گانا۔ اوہ [[باز داری|ہاک دے نال شکار]] کرنا وی سکھے گی، یا کمان نوں سنبھالنا وی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بادشاہ املریک نوں خوف سی کہ، اپنے بھرا تے اوہناں دے پیو، بادشاہ فولک دی طرح، اوہ وی اپنے وارث دے [[عمر بلوغت|اکثریت دی عمر]] تک پہنچن توں پہلاں، جوان ہو کے مر جائے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} کوئی قریبی مرد رشتہ دار نئیں سی جہڑا اپنے پتر دی طرفوں ریجنٹ دے طور تے حکومت کر سکدا سی جے مؤخر الذکر اک نابالغ دے طور تے عروج تے چڑھ گیا، املرک نے 1169 وچ ٹائر دے آرچ بشپ ، فریڈرک ڈی لا روچ نوں مغربی یورپ وچ سبیلا لئی شوہر لبھن دا اختیار دتا۔ اس امیدوار نو کافی اعلیٰ عہدے تے حکومت اچ کافی تجربہ رکھن آلا اک بڈھا بندہ ہونا چاہیدا سی جہڑا چرچ دی حرام ڈگریاں دے اندر سبیلا نال تعلق نئیں رکھدا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} املرک نے فرانس دے بادشاہ لوئس ہفتم دے سالے تے انگریزی شاہی گھرانے دے رشتہ دار کاؤنٹ اسٹیفن اول آف سانسر دا انتخاب کیتا۔ اسٹیفن 1171 وچ یروشلم آیا، اس دے نال ہور اہم شریف وی شامل سن، جس وچ اس دا بھتیجا ہیو سوم آف برگنڈی وی شامل سی، جس نو بعد وچ شادی دے لئی سبیلا دا ہتھ پیش کیتا گیا۔ ٹائر دے کرونکل ولیم نے اسٹیفن نو "جسم وچ شریف آدمی، لیکن اس طرح دا رویہ نئيں" دے طور اُتے بیان کیتا {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا دے بھائی نو‏‏ں کوڑھ دا شکار ہونے دا شک سی، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس وقت اک لاعلاج بیماری سی جو اسنو‏ں شادی کرنے تے بچےآں نو‏‏ں جنم دینے تو‏ں روکدی سی، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} لہذا املرک نے اسٹیفن دے بیٹے دے بادشاہ دے طور اُتے امالرک نو‏‏ں بالآخر اسٹیفن دے بادشاہ دے طور اُتے دیکھیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، اسٹیفن نے نامعلوم وجوہات دی بنا تے میچ نو مسترد کر دتا، کجھ مہینیاں دے بعد اپنی زمیناں تے واپس آ گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} [[فائل:Step1San02.jpg|thumb| سانسیرے دے اسٹیفن اول نوں وکھان آلا سکہ]] جد کہ ایہ نئیں پتہ کہ اسٹیفن نے "بے عزت تے ناپاکی" دے انتظام توں کیوں پچھے ہٹ گیا، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ایہ ممکن اے کہ اوہ تے املرک اس گل تے متفق نئیں ہو سکدے کہ اوہ سبیلا دے شوہر دے طور تے کی طاقت رکھے گا۔ چونکہ املریک دے کول پہلے ای اک پتر سی، بالڈون، تے اس ویلے وی اپنی بیوی ماریہ دے نال اک صحت مند پتر ہو سکدا سی، اسٹیفن نے محسوس کیتا کہ اس نوں کجھ وی وارث ہون دی ضمانت نئیں سی۔ ایہ وی ممکن اے کہ اسٹیفن، اگنس تے املریک دی منسوخی دے بارے چ جان کے، سبیلا دی جائزیت دے بارے چ فکر مند ہو گیا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} == وارث مفروضہ == [[فائل:Amalric_smrt.jpg|thumb| بادشاہ املریک دی موت جویں کہ 13ویں صدی چ دکھایا گیا اے]] جدو‏ں بادشاہ املرک 11 جولائ‏ی 1174ء نو‏‏ں پیچش د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں مر گیا تاں ہائی کورٹ اس گل اُتے مشتمل ہوئی کہ اس دا جانشین کون بنے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا دا 13 سالہ بھرا، بالڈون، واضح جانشین ہوندا جے اوہدے شروع ہون آلے کوڑھ دے خوف نہ ہوندے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے لئی واحد سنجیدہ متبادل سبیلا سی ، جس د ی عمر اس وقت تقریباً 15 سال سی۔ خواتین دی جانشینی حالیہ قانون وچ مبنی سی تے اس دی مثال سی، کیونجے سبیلا دی دادی میلیسینڈ اپنے پتراں توں پہلاں تخت تے بیٹھی سی۔ تاہم، سبیلا جوان، ناتجربہ کار تے غیر شادی شدہ سی۔ [[صلیبی ریاستاں|لاطینی مشرق]] چ کوئی وی بیچلر اوہدے نال ویاہ کرن دے قابل نئیں سی; طرابلس دے کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ سوم تے انطاکیہ دے بالڈون بہت نیڑے دے رشتہ دار سن ، تے بادشاہت دے بیرناں وچو ں کسی اک تو ں شادی دوسرےآں وچ ناراضگی پیدا کرسکدی سی۔ بیرون ملک اک میچ لبھنا پیا، لیکن کیونکہ اس چ بہت زیادہ عرصہ لگے گا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون چہارم نو اس توقع دے نال منتخب کیتا گیا کہ جے اوہ متاثر ہویا تے سبیلا دے بعد اک شوہر لبھ جائے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} === ویاہ === کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ آف طرابلس ، جو اس وقت تک یروشلم د‏‏ی بادشاہی وچ گلیل دا شہزادہ وی سی ، سب تو‏ں نیڑےی مرد رشتہ دار ہونے د‏‏ی بنیاد اُتے نوجوان بادشاہ دے لئی ریجنٹ بن گیا۔ اس نے سبیلا تے بالڈون د‏‏ی ماں ، اگنس نو‏‏ں عدالت وچ واپس آنے د‏‏ی اجازت دتی ، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے اگنس دا آنے والے سالاں وچ اپنے بچےآں تو‏ں سخت وابستگی تے اثر و رسوخ سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} اس دے تخت نشینی دے بعد بالڈون د ی حالت تیزی تو ں خراب ہوگئی ، تے چونکہ ایہ واضح سی کہ اسنو ں کوڑھ سی ، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس لئی سبیلا دے لئی شادی دا انتظام کرنا ضروری ہو گیا۔ ریمنڈ تے ہائی کورٹ ولوں چُنیا گیا دولہا مونٹفیریٹ دا ولیم "لانگ سوورڈ" سی، جو مونٹفیریٹ دے مارکیز ولیم پنجم دا پتر سی تے مقدس رومن شہنشاہ [[فریڈرک باربروسا]] تے فرانس دے بادشاہ لوئس ہفتم دوناں دا کزن سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} مزید برآں، ولیم V نے [[دوجی صلیبی جنگ]] وچ حصہ لیا، جس وچ اپنے خاندان دی یروشلیم دی بادشاہی لئی لگن دا مظاہرہ کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ولیم اکتوبر 1176 وچ مشرق وچ پہنچیا؛ اس ویلے تک، یروشلم دی بادشاہی دے بیرن اس دے نال اتنے چنگے مزاج نئیں سن، ممکنہ طور تے ایس لئی کہ شہنشاہ فریڈرک نوں لومبارڈ لیگ دے خلاف فوجی ناکامیاں دا سامنا کرنا پیا سی تے ہن مشرق چ کیتھولکاں دی مدد کرن دی توقع نئیں کیتی جا سکدی سی۔ ولیم آف ٹائر نے رپورٹ دتی کہ ولیم لانگسورڈ دی سبیلا نال شادی "اوہناں وچوں کجھ لوکاں ولوں ناپسندیدہ تے کھل کے مخالفت کیتی گئی سی جنہاں دے مشورے نال اوہنوں بلایا گیا سی۔" {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ویاہ نو اگے ودھنا پیا، تاہم، کیونکہ جے سبیلا نو دوبارہ جلٹ کیتا جاندا اے تے سبیلا دے امکانات ناقابل تلافی طور تے گھٹ ہو سکدے سن۔ ولیم آف ٹائر دے مطابق، ولیم لانگسورڈ نومبر وچ سبیلا دا شوہر بن گیا، اس دے آنے دے صرف چالیس دن بعد، کیونجے بالڈون تے سبیلا نے پچھلے سال حلف کھادی سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ولیم نو بعد چ جافا تے اسکالون دی کاؤنٹی دتی گئی، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} جس نے سبیلا نو اپنی ماں دے علاوہ بادشاہی چ واحد کاؤنٹیس بنا دتا، جہنوں اس دی منسوخی دے بعد ایہ خطاب دتا گیا سی، جس نے اک خاص امتیاز حاصل کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون نے ولیم دے حق وچ استعفیٰ دینے د‏‏ی پیشکش کيت‏‏ی ہوئے گی ، لیکن ولیم نے انکار کردتا کیونجے اوہ جانتا سی کہ اسنو‏ں شرافت وچ حمایت د‏‏ی کمی ا‏‏ے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے باوجود، سبیلا تے ولیم دے کول اکٹھے اک مستحکم مستقبل اے، تے جے لوڑ پئی تے اوہ آسانی نال اتھارٹی لے سکدے سن۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} === کاؤنٹیس === [[فائل:1187_Kingdom_Of_Jerusalem_based_on_1889_map.svg|thumb| یروشلیم دی بادشاہی چ جاگیراں دا نقشہ]] اپریل 1177 دے آسے پاسے، اوہ تے سبیلا دے بچے دے حاملہ ہون دے تھوڑی دیر بعد، ولیم شدید بیمار ہو گیا؛ جدوں بالڈون اپنے سالے نوں ملن آیا، تے اوہ وی شدید بیمار ہو گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ولیم جون وچ مر گیا، جس ویلے تک سبیلا دی حمل دا پتہ چل گیا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے اوہ جافا تے اسکالون دی ''سو جوری'' کاؤنٹیس دے طور تے رہ گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} ولیم دی موت نے اوہدے ہم عصراں نوں مایوس کر دتا، کئیاں نوں شک سی کہ اوہنوں قتل کر دتا گیا اے۔ ولیم آف ٹائر نے اس دا بہت گھٹ نوٹ کیتا، جس دا مطلب اے کہ اس دی بے قاعدہ طرز زندگی تے زیادہ کھان پین دی وجہ توں اس دی موت ہو گئی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} سبیلا تے بالڈون دے پہلے کزن کاؤنٹ فلپ اول آف فلینڈرز ولیم د‏‏ی موت دے فورا بعد ہی یروشلم پہنچے ، لیکن جدو‏ں بادشاہ ، جو حالے وی خوفناک بیمار سی ، جلدی تے بے صبری تو‏ں اسنو‏ں ریجنسی تو‏ں انکار کردتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بلکہ، فلپ دے وڈے ٹیچیاں چوں اک سبیلا تے اوہدی سوتیلی بھین اسابیلا نوں بالترتیب رابرٹ تے ولیم نال ویاہ کرن دا بندوبست کرنا سی، جہڑے اوہدے پسندیدہ لیجمین رابرٹ پنجم آف بیتھون دے پتر سن۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} قیاس کیتا جاندا اے کہ فلپ چاہندا سی کہ ایہ لوک فلینڈرز وچ اپنی زمیناں اس دے حوالے کرن تے یروشلم دی بادشاہی تے قبضہ کرن۔ بالڈون دے اختیار نو کمزور کرن دی فلپ دی کوشش نو فوری طور تے تسلیم کردے ہوئے، ہائی کورٹ نے اس رواج دا مقابلہ کیتا کہ بیوہ سبیلا نو اک سال دے سوگ دا حقدار اے، جہڑا خاص طور تے اس دی حمل دی وجہ توں مناسب سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} فلپ تے ہائی کورٹ ایس گل تے متفق نئیں ہو سکے کہ سبیلا دے اگلے شوہر دے انتخاب وچ اوہناں وچوں کیہڑا آخری گل کرے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} رملا دے مالک ، ایبلین دے بالڈون نے فلپ دی مخالفت دی اگوائی کیتی تے امید کیتی کہ اوہ چنے ہوئے منگیتر بنے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} [[فائل:Philip_of_Alsace2.jpg|right|thumb| فلینڈرز دے فلپ اول دی مہر]] سبیلا نے 1177–78 دے سردیاں وچ اک پتر نوں جنم دتا، جسدا ناں بالڈون سی۔ اس لڑکے دا ناں اس دے چاچے دے ناں اُتے رکھیا گیا سی ، جس تو ں ایہ ظاہر ہُندا اے کہ اوہ اس دا وارث بننا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} جون 1178 وچ اس دا سوگ دا دور ختم ہو گیا، تے اس دے لئی اک نويں شادی دے لئی مذاکرات کرنا مناسب ہو گیا۔ بالڈون آف ایبلن دا سوٹ بہت مشہور سی، لیکن مسترد کر دتا گیا; اسدے بھرا [[بالیان|بلیان نوں]] 1177 دے انت وچّ سبیلا دی سوتیلی ماں ملکہ ماریہ نال ویاہ کرن دی آگیا دے دتی گئی۔ یکم جولائی 1178ء نو‏‏ں ، سبیلا نے اپنے بھائی دے نال عوامی کارروائیاں وچ وابستہ ہونا شروع کيتا ، تے اس لئی اس نے اسنو‏ں تخت دے لئی اگلی قطار دے طور اُتے تسلیم کيتا۔ ایہ اوہناں دی دادی میلیسینڈ دی اپنے پیو، کنگ بالڈون II دے نال تعلقات دی یاد دلا رہیا سی۔ بالڈون چہارم نے اس طرح سبیلا دی حیثیت نو اپنے وارث دے طور تے تصدیق کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ہائی کورٹ نے متفقہ طور تے اتفاق کیتا کہ سبیلا نو اگلا ویاہ برگنڈی دے ڈیوک ہیو سوم نال کرنا چاہیدا اے۔ ٹائر دے ولیم دے مطابق، انہاں نے کہیا "کہ سانوں لارڈ کنگ دی بھین، جہنوں پہلے مارکیز (مونٹفرٹ) نے اسی شرطاں تے حاصل کیتا سی، اوہنوں شادی چ قبول کرنا چاہیدا اے۔" {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بالڈون چہارم اتنی بے صبری تو‏ں چاہندا سی کہ اک سالا اس دے لئی بادشاہت اُتے قبضہ کرے کہ اس نے فرانس دے بادشاہ نو‏‏ں ایہ اختیار دتا کہ جے ہیو نے انکار کردتا تاں متبادل امیدوار منتخب کرسک‏‏ے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، اسٹیفن دے برعکس، ہیو تخت دا بالڈون چہارم دا براہ راست وارث نئیں بنے گا کیونکہ سبیلا دا ہن اک پتر سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ہیو نے 1180 دے اوائل چ مشرق ول جان دا ارادہ کیتا {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے ایسٹر تے سبیلا نال ویاہ کرنا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} فرانس دے [[صلیبی جنگاں|صلیبیاں]] دا اک گروہ، جس دی اگوائی کاؤنٹ ہنری اول آف شیمپین ، پیٹر اول آف کورٹنی ، تے فلپ آف ڈریکس نے کیتی، جولائی 1179 وچ پہنچیا، لیکن اوہ مصری حکمران [[صلاح الدین ایوبی|صلاح الدین نوں]] لی چیسٹیلٹ دے صلیبی قلعے نو تباہ کرن توں روکن وچ ناکام رہے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} اس دے باوجود، اوہ اگلے سال سبیلا تے ہیو دے تاجپوشی وچ مدد کرن دی امید وچ بادشاہی وچ رہے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، ہیو نے کدی وی سفر نئیں کیتا، ممکنہ طور تے اپنے نوجوان پتر، اوڈو نو برگنڈی چ اپنے ریجنٹ دے طور تے نئیں چھڈنا چاہندا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} === دوبارہ ویاہ === [[فائل:Lettrine-Sibylle-betrothal&marriage.jpg|thumb| 13ویں صدی دے [[عکا]] چ بالڈون چہارم دی تصویر کشی سبیلا نوں گائی نال منگنی کردی اے تے سبیلا گائی نال ویاہ کردی اے]] 1180 دے مقدس ہفتے دے دوران حالات نے اک غیر متوقع موڑ لیا۔ بادشاہ [[فلپ آگسٹس|فلپ دوم]] دے تخت نشینی دے بعد فرانس وچ پیدا ہونے والے تنازعے نے ہیو نو‏‏ں اپنے علاقے نو‏‏ں چھڈنے تو‏ں روک دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} عصری تواریخ نگار ارنول تے ولیم آف ٹائر نے واقعات نو مختلف طریقے نال بیان کیتا اے۔ ارنول دے مطابق، جدوں اوہ صلاح الدین دی قید وچ سی، سبیلا نے ایبلن دے بالڈون نوں لکھیا، تے وعدہ کیتا کہ جے اوہ اپنے آپ نوں تاوان دے سکدا اے تے اوہ اپنے بھرا نوں اوہناں دی شادی دی اجازت دین تے راضی کرے گی، لیکن اوہدی ماں نے اوہنوں گائے آف لوسینن نال ویاہ کرن لئی راضی کیتا، جو اک پوئٹیوین نائٹ سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تریخ دان برنارڈ ہیملٹن دا کہنا اے کہ ارنول دا بیان، اگرچہ پرانے تریخ نگاری وچ قبول کیتا گیا اے، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ایبلین دے حق وچ متعصب اے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ولیم آف ٹائر نے رپورٹ دتی اے کہ 1180 وچ مقدس ہفتے دے دوران ، طرابلس دے کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ سوم تے انطاکیہ دے شہزادہ بوہیمنڈ سوم شاہ بالڈون دے خلاف [[مسلح بغاوت|بغاوت]] کرنے دے لئی یروشلم د ی طرف مارچ کررہے سن ۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ہیملٹن نے ایہ نتیجہ اخذ کیتا کہ انہاں نے بادشاہ نو‏‏ں مجبور کرنے دا ارادہ کیتا کہ اوہ سبیلا نو‏‏ں ایبلن دے بالڈون تو‏ں شادی کرے تے فیر استعفیٰ دے دے، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے بادشاہ نے گائی دے نال اس د‏ی شادی دا بندوبست کرکے انہاں دے منصوبے نو‏‏ں ناکام بنا دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ویاہ بہت چھیتی ہو گیا؛ ایہ تقریب قانونی طور تے غلط سی تے عوامی نوٹس نئیں دتا گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بادشاہ بالڈون نے کدی وی بالڈون آف ایبلن دی منظوری نئیں دتی سی، ممکنہ طور تے ایس لئی کہ ایبلن خاندان حال ای چ لارڈ دے عہدے تے اپڑیا سی۔ اک ہور عنصر ایہ سی کہ صلاح الدین نو‏‏ں ریمنڈ تے بوہیمنڈ د‏‏ی سازش تو‏ں آگاہ کیتا گیا سی کہ اوہ بالڈون آف ایبلن نو‏‏ں تخت اُتے بٹھاندے سن تے اس وجہ تو‏ں بالڈون آف ایبلن د‏‏ی تاوان نو‏‏ں اک بادشاہ دے طور اُتے مقرر کیتا گیا سی ؛ اجہے قرضے آلا جانشین مطلوبہ نئیں سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} 1180 توں، سبیلا نے گائی دے نال جافا تے اسکالون نوں رکھیا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} تے اوہدے نال چار دھیاں سن، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} جنہاں چ ایلس تے ماریہ شامل سن۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} اوہناں دی شادی نے شرافت نوں گائی (سبیلا؛ بادشاہ؛ اوہناں دی ماں، اگنس؛ اوہناں دے سوتیلے پیو، رینالڈ ، سیڈون دا مالک ؛ اوہناں دے ماں دے چاچے، جوسلین آف کورٹنی ؛ تے اولٹریجورڈن دے مالک ، رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون ) دی حمایت کرن آلے اک دھڑے تے اوہدے خلاف اک دھڑے (سبیلا؛ بادشاہ دے رشتے داراں) وچ ونڈ دتا۔ انطاکیہ تے ریمنڈ آف طرابلس؛ بالڈون تے بالیان آف ایبلین؛ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} مخالف فریق نو اک حریف دعویدار قائم کرن توں روکن دے لی، بادشاہ نے اپنی ماں دا مشورہ لیا تے، اکتوبر 1180 وچ، اپنڑی تے سبیلا دی سوتیلی بھین، اسابیلا، ٹورون دے ہمفری چہارم نال منگنی کیتی، جہڑا رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون دا سوتیلا پتر سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} مارچ 1181 توں، سبیلا تے گائے دوویں عوامی کماں چ بادشاہ بالڈون دے نال جڑے سن۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}}{{chart top|Sibylla's family,{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|pp=xviii, xx}} including Guy and his partisans (blue rectangular) and Guy's opponents (red rounded){{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=158}}}} {{tree chart/start|align=center}} {{چارٹ|||||||||||||||||||||Baldwin|y|Morphia}} {{چارٹ||||||||||||,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.|}} {{چارٹ|Eremburga|y|~|Fulk|~|y|Melisende|,|-|-|-|.|||||||||||||||||||||||Alice||Hodierna||Ioveta}} {{چارٹ||,|-|^|-|.||||)|-|-|-|a|-|-|-|a|-|-|-|.||||||||||||||||||||!||||!|}} {{چارٹ|Geoffrey||Sibylla||Baldwin||Joscelin||Agnes|y|Amalric|y|Maria|~|Balian||Stephanie|~|Raynald|~|Constance||Raymond}} {{چارٹ||!||||!||||||||,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|.||`|-|.||||||||!||||,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}} {{چارٹ|Henry||Philip||William|y|Sibylla|~|Guy||Baldwin||Isabella|~|~|~|~|~|Humphrey||Bohemond||Maria|~|Manuel||BaldwinA}} {{چارٹ||||||||||||!|}} {{چارٹ|||||||||||Baldwin|||}} {{tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == وراثت توں محروم ہونا == بالڈون چہارم دا کوڑھ تیزی نال ودھدا گیا؛ 1183 وچ اوہ اپنی نظر گوا بیٹھا تے ہن اوہ بغیر سہارا دے ٹر نئیں سکدا سی یا اپنے ہتھاں دا استعمال نئیں کر سکدا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اک جان لیوا بخار پیدا ہون دے بعد، اس نے جون وچ ہائی کورٹ نوں طلب کیتا تے گائی نوں ریجنٹ بنا دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون نے صرف شاہی لقب تے یروشلم دا شہر برقرار رکھیا۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} گائے نے اک موثر فوجی رہنما بنن لئی بہوں زیادہ ناپسندیدہ ثابت کیتا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے یروشلیم نوں ٹائر دے بدلے کرن توں انکار کرکے نااہل بادشاہ دی شدید توہین کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} صلاح الدین نے کیرک قلعے تے 1183ء دے اخیر چ حملہ کیتا جدوں سیبیلا دی سوتیلی بھین اسابیلا دا ہمفری آف ٹورون نال ویاہ منایا جا رہیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون نے اپنے فوجیاں نوں بلایا۔ فوج دی موثر کمانڈ کرن لئی اس تے اعتماد نئیں کردے ہوئے، بادشاہ نے گائی نو ریجنسی توں محروم کر دتا تے، موثر انداز چ، جانشینی دی لکیر چ اس دی تھاں توں محروم کر دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے بعد جمع شدہ شرافت دے ذریعہ جانشینی اُتے غور کيتا گیا ، جس وچ گائی ، اگنس ، انطاکیہ دے بوہیمنڈ ، طرابلس دے ریمنڈ ، سیڈون دے رینالڈ ، تے ایبلن برادران شامل سن ، لیکن سبیلا دے حامی رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون تے جوسلین آف کورٹنی شامل نئيں سن ۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} آخر کار، اگنس دی تجویز کہ سبیلا دے پنج سالہ بیٹے، بالڈون V نو شریک بادشاہ دا تاج پہنایا جائے، قبول کر لیا گیا کیونکہ اس دا سبیلا دے بعد اگلا سب توں مضبوط دعوی سی۔ تاجپوشی 20 نومبر نو‏‏ں ہوئی ، تے اس لڑکے نو‏‏ں اپنے سوتیلے والد دے علاوہ تمام بیرناں د‏‏ی خراج تحسین ملی ، جسنو‏ں مدعو نئيں کيت‏‏ا گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} سبیلا نے ممکنہ طور تے اس تاجپوشی تے اتفاق کیتا تے اس حقیقت نو قبول کیتا کہ اوہ اپنے پتر دی ریجنٹ نئیں ہووے گی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} فیر بالڈون چہارم تے اس دی فوج نے کیرک دے محاصرے نو دور کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} [[فائل:Français_2824,_fol._162v,_Raymond_de_Tripoli_nommé_régent.jpeg|thumb| بالڈون چہارم دی موت، بالڈون پنجم دی تاجپوشی، تے ریمنڈ دی ریجنسی لئی نامزدگی جویں کہ 13ویں صدی چ [[عکا]] چ دکھایا گیا اے۔]] ایہہ سوال کہ بالڈون V لئی ریجنٹ دے طور تے بادشاہی تے کون حکومت کرے گا، معذور بادشاہ نوں پریشان کردا سی۔ جے بالڈون چہارم مر جاندا اے تے سبیلا تے گائے کول ریجنسی دا بہترین دعویٰ ہوندا۔ اس دا بھرا جانندا سی کہ اس نوں صرف اوہناں دی شادی منسوخ کر کے روکیا جا سکدا اے تے اس معاملے تے یروشلم دے لاطینی سردار ہیراکلیئس نال گل بات کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون گائے دے نال سبیلا دی پکے عقیدت دے نال نال ہیراکلیئس دے نال گائے دی دوستی نو وی مدنظر رکھن اچ ناکام رہیا، جس نے بالڈون دے ارادےآں دے بارے چ گائی نو خبردار کیتا ہووے گا۔ کیراک دا محاصرہ ختم کرنے دے بعد باقی فوج دے نال یروشلم جانے د‏‏ی بجائے ، گائے سدھا اسکالون چلا گیا تے سبیلا نو‏‏ں اک پیغام بھیجیا ، جو اوتھ‏ے اس دے نال شامل ہويا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} منسوخی انہاں دی موجودگی دے بغیر اگے نئیں ودھ سکدی سی، تے بالڈون دے طلبی دے باوجود جوڑے دے اسکالون چھڈن توں انکار نے انہاں نو الگ کرن دی منصوبہ بندی نو ناکام بنا دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} بالڈون نے اگلا جافا تے اسکالون نو ضبط کرن دی کوشش کیتی لیکن صرف جافا نو منسوخ کرن اچ کامیاب ہویا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} 1185 دے اوائل وچ بالڈون چہارم د‏‏ی موت دے بستر اُتے ، اس وقت اک بیمار بچہ بالڈون پنجم دے ناں اُتے ریجنٹ د‏‏ی حیثیت تو‏ں بادشاہت اُتے حکومت کرنے دا حق طرابلس دے ریمنڈ نو‏‏ں پیش کيتا گیا۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ریمنڈ نے ریجنسی نو‏‏ں اس شرط اُتے قبول کيتا کہ [[پوپ]] [[مقدس رومی شہنشاہ]] تے انگلینڈ تے فرانس دے بادشاہاں دے مشورے تو‏ں ایہ فیصلہ کرے کہ بالڈون پنجم د‏‏ی وقت تو‏ں پہلے موت د‏‏ی صورت وچ تاج سبیلا یا اسابیلا نو‏‏ں مل جائے۔ ہائی کورٹ نے شرائط قبول کر لئیاں تے بالڈون چہارم د‏‏ی موجودگی وچ اس د‏ی حلف کھادی۔ منڈے دی سرپرستی اوہدے دادے جوسلین آف کورٹنی نوں دتی گئی سی، تے اوہ [[عکا]] چ رہندے سن۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ریمنڈ دی پارٹی سبیلا دے الحاق نوں روکن لئی پرعزم سی; اوہناں نے اپنے ماں پیو دی شادی دے منسوخ ہون دی بنیاد تے اوہدی جائزیت تے سوال چُکیا تے ایس گل تے زور دتا کہ اسابیلا اک راج کرن آلے بادشاہ توں پیدا ہوئی سی۔ مؤخر الذکر دلیل، " جامنی رنگ وچ پیدا ہونے " دے بازنطینی خیال اُتے مبنی، اسابیلا د ی بازنطینی ماں، ماریہ کومنینی تو ں آئی ہوئے گی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} بالڈون چہارم مارچ 1185 {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} یا 16 مئی 1185 توں پہلاں مر گیا، جدوں بالڈون پنجم واحد بادشاہ دے طور تے درج کیتا گیا اے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون پنجم دے والد دے دادا ، مونٹفرٹ دے مارکیز ولیم پنجم ، نوجوان بادشاہ دے حقوق د‏‏ی حفاظت دے لئی یروشلم پہنچے۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} == راج == === الحاق === [[فائل:Balduins_tomb.jpg|thumb| سبیلا ولوں اپنے پتر، بالڈون V لئی کمیشن کیتا گیا وسیع مقبرہ]] سبیلا دا پتر اگست 1186 چ [[عکا]] چ مر گیا {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} سبیلا اپنے پتر دے جنازے چ رلت کرن لئی جلدی نال یروشلم چلی گئی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} اوہ تے گائے نے اپنے مضبوط مسلح تخرکشک دے نال شہر نو گیریژن کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} ادوں تکّ سبیلا دی ماں وی مر چکی سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} سبیلا نے اپنے پتر لئی اک وسیع قبر دا کمیشن دتا، کیونکہ اس ویلے شریف عورتاں دا فرض سی کہ اوہ اپنے شوہراں تے بچیاں دی یادگار نوں یقینی بنان۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ریمنڈ نے ہائی کورٹ نو [[نابلس]] طلب کیتا۔ سبیلا دی سوتیلی بھین، اسابیلا، اپنے شوہر ہمفری تے اپنے سوتیلے ٹبر، ایبلینز دے نال رلت کردی سی، جویں کہ ریمنڈ دے سوتیلے پتر، ہیو ، ولیم ، رالف تے [[Odo of Saint Omer|سینٹ اومر دے اوڈو]] نے کیتا سی۔ ہم عصراں دا خیال سی کہ ریمنڈ اپنے لئی تخت دا دعویٰ کرن دا ارادہ رکھدا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} دراں اثنا ، سبیلا دے چچا جوسلین آف کورٹنی نے اس دے ناں اُتے عکہ تے [[بیروت]] اُتے قبضہ ک‏ر ليا۔ <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">حوالہ دی لوڑ اے</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ریمنڈ نے سبیلا دی حمایت نو گھٹ سمجھیا۔ رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون تے ولیم پنجم آف مونٹفرٹ سبیلا دے نال آئے۔ اوہنوں سرپرست تے نائٹس ٹیمپلر دے ماسٹر ، رائڈفورٹ دے جیرارڈ ، جہڑے یروشلم چ رہندے سن، دے نال نال کانسٹیبل ، گائے دے بھرا ایمری نے وی حمایت دتی سی۔ چانسلر ، پیٹر آف لڈا ؛ تے سینیشل، اوہدا چاچا جوسلین۔ یروشلیم وچ جمع شرافت تے پادری جانشینی نو‏‏ں فوری طور اُتے طے کرنے د‏‏ی خواہش رکھدے سن ۔ اوہناں نے اتفاق کیتا کہ سبیلا کول سب توں چنگا دعویٰ سی، لیکن اس گل تے اختلاف کیتا کہ آیا گائی نوں اوہدے نال بادشاہ بننا چاہیدا اے۔ آخر چ، سبیلا دے حامیاں نے اس نوں اس دے حقوق دی تسلیم دے بدلے چ گائے نو چھڈن دی لوڑ پائی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا نے گائی نوں تن شرطاں تے طلاق دین تے راضی ہو گئی: گائی ولوں اپنیاں دھیاں دی جائز قرار دینا ، گائی ولوں جافا تے اسکالون نوں برقرار رکھنا، تے اک نواں شوہر چُنن دی آزادی جیویں اوہ مناسب سمجھدی اے۔ شرطاں منّ لئیاں گئیاں۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} === تاجپوشی === [[فائل:Français_9082,_fol._274v,_Couronnement_de_Sibylle_de_Jérusalem.jpg|right|thumb| سبیلا نوں ہیراکلیئس نے تاج پوایا جد کہ نابلس توں بھیجے گئے راہب اوہناں دی جاسوسی کردے سن۔]] ہیراکلیئس تے جیرارڈ دے مشورے اُتے ، سبیلا نے اپنے تاجپوشی وچ شرکت دے لئی لارڈز نو‏‏ں طلب کيتا۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ممکنہ طور تے ریمنڈ تے اوہدی پارٹی نو خوش کرن دی کوشش چ، گائی دا ذکر سمن چ نئیں کیتا گیا سی; {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا نے اعلان کیتا کہ بادشاہت وراثت دے حق تو‏ں اس دے پاس منتقل ہوگئی ا‏‏ے۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ریمنڈ دی پارٹی نے بہر حال حاضر ہون توں انکار کر دتا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} دلیل دتی کہ انج کرن نال بالڈون چہارم دے موت دے بستر تے لئے گئے حلفاں دی خلاف ورزی ہووے گی، {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} تے تاجپوشی توں منع کرن لئی راہباں دا اک وفد بھیجن تک گیا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} نائٹس ہسپتاللر دے ماسٹر ، راجر ڈیس مولینز نے وی حاضر ہون توں انکار کر دتا، سبیلا دی مخالفت دی بجائے حلف دی وجہ توں زیادہ امکان سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے باوجود اس نوں اپنی چابی صندوق دے حوالے کرن لئی قائل کیتا گیا سی جہدے وچ ریگالیا سی۔ شہر دے دروازےآں نو‏‏ں تاجپوشی تو‏ں پہلے روک دتا گیا سی تاکہ مخالف فریق د‏‏ی طرف تو‏ں رکاوٹ نو‏‏ں روکیا جاسک‏‏ے ، تے حاضرین د‏‏ی بجائے ، رینالڈ آف شاٹیلون دے زور اُتے یروشلم دے شہریاں نے سبیلا نو‏‏ں ملکہ قرار دتا سی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} [[فائل:Sibylla_crowns_Guy_of_Lusignan.jpg|thumb| جدوں اوہنوں سرپرست نے تاج پہنایا، سبیلا نے گائے نوں بلایا تے اوہنوں بادشاہ پہنایا۔]] جیویں کہ روایتی سی، تاجپوشی [[پاک قبر والا گرجا|چرچ آف دی ہولی سیپلچر]] چ منعقد کیتی گئی سی، {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ممکنہ طور تے ستمبر دے وسط چ۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے تاج پہنانے دے بعد، سرپرست نے سبیلا نو اک دوجا تاج دتا تے اس نو اک نویں بیوی دا انتخاب کرن لئی آکھیا۔ اس نے گائے نو بلا کے تے اس دے سر تے تاج رکھ کے حاضرین نو حیران کر دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، سبیلا تے گائے دے مسح ہون دا کوئی ذکر نئیں اے، جہڑا کہ اوس ویلے رواج ہوندا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} اس گل تے اتفاق کرن دے بعد کہ اوہ گائی نو اک پاسے رکھن دے بعد اک شوہر دا انتخاب کرے، اکٹھے ہوئے شریف لوک اس دی پسند تے کوئی اعتراض نئیں کر سکے۔ واقعات دے اس موڑ دے بارے چ سنن تے، ریمنڈ نے اسابیلا تے ہمفری نو حریف بادشاہاں دے طور تے تاج پہنان دی تجویز پیش کیتی، لیکن ہمفری رات نوں نابلس توں چپکے نال باہر نکل گیا تے یروشلم ول سوار ہو گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} پہنچن تے، اس نے ملکہ دے نال ملاقات دا مطالبہ کیتا، جس نے ابتدائی ہچکچاہٹ دے بعد اتفاق کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} اس نے اس دے نال وفاداری دی قسم کھادی، {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} تے اس نے اس نوں گائے نال ملن لئی لے گئی، جس نوں اس نے خراج تحسین پیش کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} راجر ڈیس مولینس تے ہیراکلیئس نے امن دی ثالثی کیتی تے طرابلس دے ریمنڈ تے ایبلن دے بالڈون دے علاوہ تمام بیرن یروشلم تابعداری لئی آئے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} === یروشلیم دا زوال === سبیلا طاقت نوں ورتن لئی چنگی پوزیشن وچ سی کیونکہ گائی دا اختیار پوری طرحاں اوہدے تے منحصر سی۔ اوہ انہاں دے دور حکومت دے پہلے مہینےآں وچ عوامی کارروائیاں وچ اپنے شوہر دے نال منسلک سی ، لیکن ایہ صلاح الدین دے حملے د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں کٹ گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} مسلسل سرکشی دے اک عمل وچ ، ریمنڈ نے صلاح الدین ایوبی دے نال اتحاد کیتا ، تے مسلم فوجیاں دے نال طبریہ نو‏‏ں گیریژن کیتا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} صلاح الدین نے 26 اپریل 1187ء نو‏‏ں اس سلطنت اُتے حملہ کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} یکم مئی نو‏‏ں [[ناصرہ|ناصرت]] دے نیڑے کریسن وچ مسلم فوجاں نے ٹیمپلرز تے ہاسپیٹلرز د‏‏ی مشترکہ فوجاں نو‏‏ں ختم کرنے دے بعد ، ریمنڈ نو‏‏ں اس دے اپنے غلاماں نے گائی دے تابع ہونے اُتے مجبور کيتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اگرچہ ہنڑ متحد ہو چکیا سی، لیکن کریسن چ شکست دی وجہ توں بادشاہی شدید طور تے کمزور ہو چکی سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} گائے دی اگوائی چ عیسائی فوج نوں 4 جولائی نوں [[حطین دی لڑائی|ہارنز آف ہیٹن چ]] اک کچل ہار دا سامنا کرنا پیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} صلاح الدین نے گائے نو قیدی بنا لیا تے رینالڈ نو پھانسی دے دتی; ریمنڈ ستمبر وچّ طرابلس وچّ اک بیماری کارن چلانا کر گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} کنگ گائے دی شکست تے ہیٹن چ قید دے ویلے ملکہ سبیلا یروشلم چ سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} اوہ شہر دے دفاع دے لئی اپنی بیٹیاں دے نال اسکالون چلی گئی تے صرف گائی د‏‏ی رہائی دے بدلے وچ اسنو‏ں صلاح الدین دے حوالے کر دتا ، لیکن اس دے باوجود صلاح الدین نے اسنو‏ں قید رکھیا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} تاہم، امداد لئی ایہناں اپیلاں چوں کوئی وی سبیلا دے ناں تے نئیں بھیجی گئی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ستمبر چ، صلاح الدین نے [[فتح بیت المقدس|بیت المقدس دا محاصرہ کیتا]] ۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} ملکہ نے پیٹریارک ہیراکلیئس تے ایبلین دے بالیان دی مدد نال دفاع دا کمانڈ کیتا ، لیکن شدید بمباری نے انہاں نو‏ں ہتھیار ڈالنے اُتے مجبور کردتا۔ صلاح الدین نے شکست خوردہ لوکاں نو اپنے آپ نو تاوان دین دی اجازت دتی، تے سبیلا نو [[انطاکیہ (تاریخی شہر)|انطاکیہ]] دے سفر دے دوران نابلس چ گائی دا دورہ کرن دی ہور اجازت دتی گئی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} بظاہر اوہ یورپ لئی اوتھے جان توں روکیا گیا سی جدوں اوہدا جہاز مونٹفیریٹ دے کونراڈ نے قبضہ کر لیا سی، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} اوہدے پہلے خاوند دا بھرا جہنے ٹائر دا دفاع کیتا سی۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} اس دی بجائے سبیلا اپنی سوتیلی ماں، ملکہ ماریہ، دے نال طرابلس چ شامل ہو گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} لڑائی ہٹین دے بعد دے مہینیاں چ، صائر دے علاوہ ساری بادشاہی صلاح الدین دے ہتھ چ آ گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} [[فائل:Lusignan_Tyr.jpg|thumb| ٹائر دے باہر گائے تے سبیلا دی 1295 دی تصویر کشی]] سبیلا نے گائی دی رہائی لئی صلاح الدین توں بار بار التجا کیتی، تے صلاح الدین نے جولائی 1188 وچ اوہدی درخواست منظور کر دتی {{Sfn|Runciman|1989b}} جوڑے نے ہنجوآں نال ٹورٹوسا دے نیڑے جزیرے ارواد تے دوبارہ اکٹھے ہوئے، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} جتھوں اوہ شمال ول انطاکیہ گئے تے فیر واپس جنوب ول طرابلس گئے، رستے چ اک فوج اکٹھی کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} اوہ اپریل 1189 وچ ٹائر ول مارچ کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989b}} شہر دے مدافع کونراڈ نے بادشاہ تے ملکہ نو‏‏ں شہر وچ داخل ہونے تو‏ں انکار کردتا ، جس د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں انہاں نو‏‏ں اس د‏ی دیواراں دے باہر کئی مہینے گزارنے اُتے مجبور ہوئے گئے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} کونراڈ نے آکھیا کہ گائی نے ہیٹن چ بادشاہی ضائع کر لئی اے تے ٹائر نوں مقدس رومی شہنشاہ تے انگلینڈ تے فرانس دے بادشاہاں لئی امانت چ رکھیا جا رہیا اے، جہڑے فیصلہ کرن گے کہ حکومت کس نوں تفویض کیتی جائے۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989b}} == موت == [[تیسری صلیبی جنگ|تیجی صلیبی جنگ]] 1189ء چ شروع ہوئی ، تے سبیلا ہمفری ، اسابیلا ، ماریہ تے بالیان دے نال عکہ دے محاصرے چ گائے دے نال گئی ۔ 1190 وچ صلیبیاں دے کیمپ وچ اک وباء آئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} سبیلا اپنی دھیاں ایلس تے ماریہ دے نال گرمیاں دے اخیر یا خزاں چ مر گئی۔ {{Efn|Hamilton dates Sibylla's death to 25 July 1190.{{sfn|Hamilton|1978|p=172}} Nicholson argues that she died between 16 and 21 October.{{sfn|Nicholson|2022|p=31}}}} ایہ واضح نئيں اے کہ باقی دو بیٹیاں پہلے مر گئیاں سن یا اسی وقت۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} آئی ''ٹینیریئم نے'' گائی دے خلاف غلط کھیڈ دے الزامات درج کیتے، لیکن سچائی چ، انہاں دی موت نے گائی نو تخت دے کسی وی حق توں محروم کر دتا۔ سبیلا دی وارث اوہدی سوتیلی بھین اسابیلا اول سی {{Sfn|Hodgson|2007}} == اندازہ ==   جدید تریخ نگاری وچ وسائل تے وفاداری سبیلا دی اہم خصوصیات رہندیاں نیں، جہنوں تریخ دان ہیلن جے نکولسن نے عصری صنفی آدرشاں دے ذریعہ اس دی تصویر دی مسخ کرن نال منسوب کیتا اے۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} == مقبول ثقافت == * ''جنت دی بادشاہی''&nbsp;– [[ایوا گرین]] نے سبیلا نو اک مشرقی شہزادی دے طور تے پیش کیتا جہڑی گائے دی بجائے [[بالیان|ایبلین دے بالیان نال]] محبت کردی سی۔ * ''[[فاتح القدس صلاح الدین ایوبی|کدوس فاتحی صلاح الدین ایوبی]]'' - گلپر اوزدمیر نے سبیلا دا کردار ادا کیتا، جہڑی گائے توں نفرت کردی سی تے بالیان نال محبت کردی سی۔ == نوٹ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Notelist}} == حوالے == {{حوالے}} === کتابیات === {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |first=Bernard |last=Hamilton |chapter=Women in the Crusader States: The Queens of Jerusalem |title=Medieval Women |editor-first=Derek |editor-last=Baker |publisher=Ecclesiastical History Society |year=1978 |isbn=978-0631192602 }} * {{cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Bernard|title=The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521017473|url=https://archive.org/details/hamilton-the-leper-king-and-his-heirs_202106}} * {{cite book |last=Hodgson|first=Natasha R.|year=2007|title=Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1843833321}} * {{cite book|last=Nicholson|first=Helen J.|author-link=Helen J. Nicholson|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-last=Morillo|editor2-first=Diane|editor2-last=Korngiebel|year=2004|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt7zssjh|title=The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History|volume=15|chapter=La Roine Preude Femme Et Bonne Dame’: Queen Sybil of Jerusalem (1186–1190) in History and Legend, 1186–1300.|publisher=Boydell Press|jstor=10.7722/j.ctt7zssjh |isbn=1843831988}} * {{cite book|last=Nicholson|first=Helen J.|author-link=Helen J. Nicholson|year=2022 |title=Sybil, Queen of Jerusalem, 1186–1190 |publisher=Routledge| isbn=978-1-138-63651-4}}, {{doi|10.4324/9781315205960}} * {{cite book |last=Riley-Smith|first=Jonathan|author-link=Jonathan Riley-Smith|year=1973 |title=The feudal nobility and the kingdom of Jerusalem, 1147 - 1277|publisher=Macmillan}} * {{cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|author-link=Steven Runciman|orig-year=1952|year=1989a|title=The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187|series=[[A History of the Crusades]]|volume=II|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-06163-6}} * {{cite book |last=Runciman |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Runciman|orig-year=1954|year=1989b|title=A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-06163-6 }} {{refend}}   {{S-start}} {{s-reg|other}} |- {{s-vac|reason=Merged into [[royal domain]]|last=[[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric]]}} {{S-ttl}} {{s-vac|reason=Merged into [[royal domain]]|next=[[Geoffrey of Lusignan]]}} {{s-reg}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{s-aft|after=[[Isabella I of Jerusalem|Isabella I]]}} {{s-end}} [[گٹھ:1190 دیاں موتاں]] [[گٹھ:یروشلم دی ہمسر ملکاواں]] [[گٹھ:یروشلم دیاں شخصیتاں]] [[گٹھ:ترجمے نوں سمکھیاواں چاہیدیاں]] 7rlc1yxmsvfgjrda3kka5afplc0hvrx 708888 708887 2026-07-25T06:01:41Z Abbas dhothar 361 /* حوالے */ 708888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ڈبہ جانکاری شاہی اقتدار|name=سبیلا|succession=[[یروشلیم دی ملکہ]]|image=Queen Sibyl of Jerusalem.jpg|caption=13ویں صدی دے اک منیئچر دی تفصیل|reign=1186 – 1190|predecessor=[[یروشلیم دا بالڈون پنجم|بالڈون پنجم]]|successor=[[یروشلیم دی اسابیلا اول|اسابیلا اول]]|regent=[[گائی آف لوسیگنن|گائی]]|spouses={{marriage|[[ولیم لانگ سوورڈ آف مونٹفیریٹ]]|1176|1177|end=died}}<br>{{marriage|[[گائی آف لوسیگنن]]|1180}}|house=[[ چیٹوڈن راجٹبر |انجو راجٹبر]]|father=[[یروشلیم دا امالرک]]|mother=[[اگنس آف کورٹنی]]|religion=[[رومن کیتھولک]]|issue=[[یروشلیم دا بالڈون پنجم|بالڈون پنجم]]|birth_date={{circa|1159}}|birth_place=[[یروشلیم دی بادشاہی]]|death_date=25 جولائی{{death year and age|1190|1159}}|death_place=[[عکا، فلسطین|عکا]]}} '''سبیلا''' ( Old French ; c. 1159 – 1190) 1186 توں لے کے 1190 وچ اپنی موت تک یروشلیم دی رانی سی۔ اس نے اپنے شوہر گائے آف لوسیگنن دے نال حکومت کیتی، جس دی اس نے یروشلم دی بادشاہی دے بیرناں وچ اس دی ناپسندیدگی دے باوجود حمایت جاری رکھی۔ سبیلا [[امالریک اول|بادشاہ املرک]] دی سب توں وڈی دھی سی تے اوہدی پہلی بیوی، اگنس آف کورٹنی دی اکلوتی دھی سی۔ اس دے والد 1174 وچ مر گئے، جس نے اس دے چھوٹے بھائی، بادشاہ بالڈون چہارم دا وارث بنا دتا؛ جدوں ایہہ گل واضح ہو گئی کہ 13 سالہ بادشاہ نوں کوڑھ ہو گیا اے، تے سبیلا دی شادی دا معاملہ ضروری ہو گیا۔ ریجنٹ ، طرابلس دے کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ سوم نے 1176 دے اخیر چ مونٹفیریٹ دے ولیم لانگسورڈ نال ویاہ کرن دا بندوبست کیتا، لیکن اک سال دے اندر، ولیم مر گیا، جس نال اوہ حاملہ ہو گئی تے جافا تے اسکالون دی کاؤنٹی دے قبضے چ آ گئی۔ اک پتر، بالڈون نوں جنم دین دے تھوڑی دیر بعد، سبیلا عوامی کماں وچ اپنے بھرا نال جڑی ہوئی، جس نال تخت دی اگلی قطار دے طور تے نامزد کیتا گیا۔ سبیلا دے بھرا نے 1180 وچ گائی آف لوسیگنن نال اوہدی دوجی شادی دا بندوبست کیتا، جس نال طرابلس دے ریمنڈ سوم تے انطاکیہ دے بوہیمنڈ سوم ولوں منصوبہ بند [[مسلح بغاوت|بغاوت نوں]] ناکام بنان دا امکان سی۔ جوڑے دے چار دھیاں سن، پر اوہناں دے ویاہ نے شرافت نوں ڈونگھی ونڈ دتی۔ 1183 تک، کنگ بالڈون اپنی بیماری دی وجہ توں مکمل طور تے نااہل ہو گیا سی تے نال ای گائی دے کردار تے قیادت کرن دی اسمرتھتا توں وی مایوس ہو گیا سی۔ گائے دے تخت اُتے بیٹھنے نو‏‏ں روکنے دے لئی ، بالڈون نے سبیلا دے بیٹے نو‏‏ں شریک بادشاہ دے طور اُتے تاج پہنایا تے سبیلا نو‏‏ں گائی تو‏ں الگ کرنے د‏‏ی کوشش کيتی ، لیکن جوڑے نے عدالت وچ پیش ہونے تو‏ں انکار کردتا۔ بالڈون چہارم 1185 وچ مر گیا، جس نے ریمنڈ نوں سبیلا جاں گائی دی بجائے بالڈون پنجم لئی ریجنٹ دے طور تے راج کرن لئی نامزد کیتا سی۔ اگلے سال منڈا بادشاہ مر گیا، تے سبیلا نے ریمنڈ دے عزائم دے خلاف تخت دا دعوی کرن لئی تیزی نال حرکت کیتی۔ اس نے اپنے حامیاں دے مطالبے تے اتفاق کیتا کہ اوہ گائے نو اک پاسے رکھے، اس شرط تے کہ اوہ اپنے اگلے شوہر دا انتخاب کر سکدی اے، تے ستمبر 1186 دے وسط وچ اپنی تاجپوشی دے موقعے تے گائے نال دوبارہ شادی کرن تے خود تاجپوشی کرن دا انتخاب کرکے انہاں نو شکست دتی۔ [[صلاح الدین ایوبی|صلاح الدین نے]] 1187 وچ حملہ کرن لئی بادشاہت وچ اختلاف توں فائدہ چُکیا، [[یروشلم بادشاہت|یروشلیم دی بادشاہی]] نوں اک شہر، ٹائر وچ گھٹا دتا۔ سبیلا نے اپنے شوہر دا دورہ کیتا، جہنوں [[حطین دی لڑائی|ہٹین دی فیصلہ کن لڑائی]] چ قید کیتا گیا سی، تے صلاح الدین توں اوہدی رہائی حاصل کیتی۔ جدوں گائے [[عکا]] دا محاصرہ کر رئے سی، سبیلا تے اوہناں دیاں دھیاں 1190 چ [[عکا]] دے باہر اک وبائی مرض نال مر گئیاں۔ == بچپن == سبیلا کاؤنٹ آف جافا تے اسکالون دے دو بچیاں چوں وڈی سی، [[امالریک اول|املریک]] ، تے اوہدی پہلی بیوی، اگنس آف کورٹنی ۔ سبیلا 1157 دے وچکار پیدا ہوئی، جدوں اوہدے ماں پیو نے ویاہ کیتا، تے 1161، جدوں اوہدا نکا بھرا، بالڈون ، جمیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے پیو دا چاچا یروشلم دے اوس ویلے دے راج کرن آلے بادشاہ ، بالڈون سوم سن، تے اس دی دادی ملکہ میلیسینڈ سی، جہڑی [[یروشلم بادشاہت|یروشلم دی بادشاہی]] دی پہلی خاتون حکمران سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بادشاہی دا حکمران طبقہ تے ہور [[صلیبی ریاستاں]] ، جنہاں نو‏‏ں فرینک کہیا جاندا اے ، فرانسیسی بولنے والے [[کیتھولک چرچ|کیتھولک]] سن جو [[لہندا یورپ|مغربی یورپ]] تو‏ں [[لیونت|لیوانٹ]] پہنچے سن تے ثقافت وچ مغربی رہے سن ۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا دا ناں فلینڈرز دی کاؤنٹیس ، اوہدے پیو دی سوتیلی بھین تے اوہدی گاڈ مدر دے ناں تے رکھیا گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hodgson|2007}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} [[فائل:Agnes_courtenay.jpg|right|thumb| اگنس (کھبے) تے املرک (سجے) دی شادی دی منسوخی]] جدو‏ں 1163ء وچ بادشاہ بالڈون III د‏‏ی موت ہوگئی تاں ہائی کورٹ نے امالرک نو‏‏ں نويں بادشاہ دے طور اُتے قبول کرنے دے لئی اگنس دے نال اپنی شادی نو‏‏ں منسوخ کرنے اُتے راضی ہونے اُتے مجبور کيتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اوہناں دی شادی منسوخ ہون دے بعد، املرک نے پوپ الیگزینڈر سوم نوں اپنے بچیاں نو جائز قرار دین چ کامیابی حاصل کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} چونکہ بادشاہ دے دربار وچ 1167 وچ [[ماریا کومنی (ملکہ یروشلم )|ماریہ کومنین]] دے نال شادی تک کوئی ملکہ دا گھرانہ نئيں سی ، اس لئی ایہ چار سالہ سبیلا دے لئی غیر موزاں سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} مغربی طریقیاں دے نال سانجھا، سبیلا [[القدس|یروشلم]] دے نیڑے سینٹ لعزر دے کانونٹ چ چلی گئی تاکہ بادشاہ دی خالہ، ایبیس آئیوویٹا ، ملکہ میلیسنڈ دی سب توں چھوٹی بھین، توں تعلیم حاصل کیتی جا سکے۔ {{Sfn|Hodgson|2007}} سبیلا دی گاڈ مدر، کاؤنٹیس سبیلا آف فلینڈرز، وی اک نن دے طور تے اوتھے سی، جہڑی 1159 وچ اک بن گئی سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} اس دے نتیجے وچ اس دا اپنی ماں {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} یا بھرا {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} نال بہت گھٹ رابطہ سی، جہڑا اوہناں دے پیو دا وارث سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اپنی دوجی بیوی، ماریہ کومنین دے نال، بادشاہ دی دو دھیاں سن، جنہاں چوں صرف اسابیلا بچپن چ بچ گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اک کانونٹ نہ صرف سبیلا ورگی شریف عورت لئی اپنی تعلیم حاصل کرن دی معمول دی تھاں سی، بلکہ سب توں چنگی تھاں سی; ایہہ نہ صرف عورتاں لئی اک سکھیا دا مرکز سی، سگوں سبیلا نوں جبری ویاہ یا اغوا توں وی بچاندا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ایبی چ اک طالب علم دے طور تے، سبیلا نے سکھیا ہووے گا کہ اس ویلے کسی وی اشرافیہ عورت توں کی توقع کیتی جاندی اے۔ اوہ [[مسیحیت|عیسائی عقیدے]] دے بارے چ سکھ لیندی، پرانے فرانسیسی تے [[لاطینی]] چ پڑھن تے لکھن دا طریقہ، تے عورتاں دی مہارتاں جویں کہ کتائی ، کڑھائی تے گانا۔ اوہ [[باز داری|ہاک دے نال شکار]] کرنا وی سکھے گی، یا کمان نوں سنبھالنا وی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بادشاہ املریک نوں خوف سی کہ، اپنے بھرا تے اوہناں دے پیو، بادشاہ فولک دی طرح، اوہ وی اپنے وارث دے [[عمر بلوغت|اکثریت دی عمر]] تک پہنچن توں پہلاں، جوان ہو کے مر جائے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} کوئی قریبی مرد رشتہ دار نئیں سی جہڑا اپنے پتر دی طرفوں ریجنٹ دے طور تے حکومت کر سکدا سی جے مؤخر الذکر اک نابالغ دے طور تے عروج تے چڑھ گیا، املرک نے 1169 وچ ٹائر دے آرچ بشپ ، فریڈرک ڈی لا روچ نوں مغربی یورپ وچ سبیلا لئی شوہر لبھن دا اختیار دتا۔ اس امیدوار نو کافی اعلیٰ عہدے تے حکومت اچ کافی تجربہ رکھن آلا اک بڈھا بندہ ہونا چاہیدا سی جہڑا چرچ دی حرام ڈگریاں دے اندر سبیلا نال تعلق نئیں رکھدا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} املرک نے فرانس دے بادشاہ لوئس ہفتم دے سالے تے انگریزی شاہی گھرانے دے رشتہ دار کاؤنٹ اسٹیفن اول آف سانسر دا انتخاب کیتا۔ اسٹیفن 1171 وچ یروشلم آیا، اس دے نال ہور اہم شریف وی شامل سن، جس وچ اس دا بھتیجا ہیو سوم آف برگنڈی وی شامل سی، جس نو بعد وچ شادی دے لئی سبیلا دا ہتھ پیش کیتا گیا۔ ٹائر دے کرونکل ولیم نے اسٹیفن نو "جسم وچ شریف آدمی، لیکن اس طرح دا رویہ نئيں" دے طور اُتے بیان کیتا {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا دے بھائی نو‏‏ں کوڑھ دا شکار ہونے دا شک سی، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس وقت اک لاعلاج بیماری سی جو اسنو‏ں شادی کرنے تے بچےآں نو‏‏ں جنم دینے تو‏ں روکدی سی، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} لہذا املرک نے اسٹیفن دے بیٹے دے بادشاہ دے طور اُتے امالرک نو‏‏ں بالآخر اسٹیفن دے بادشاہ دے طور اُتے دیکھیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، اسٹیفن نے نامعلوم وجوہات دی بنا تے میچ نو مسترد کر دتا، کجھ مہینیاں دے بعد اپنی زمیناں تے واپس آ گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} [[فائل:Step1San02.jpg|thumb| سانسیرے دے اسٹیفن اول نوں وکھان آلا سکہ]] جد کہ ایہ نئیں پتہ کہ اسٹیفن نے "بے عزت تے ناپاکی" دے انتظام توں کیوں پچھے ہٹ گیا، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ایہ ممکن اے کہ اوہ تے املرک اس گل تے متفق نئیں ہو سکدے کہ اوہ سبیلا دے شوہر دے طور تے کی طاقت رکھے گا۔ چونکہ املریک دے کول پہلے ای اک پتر سی، بالڈون، تے اس ویلے وی اپنی بیوی ماریہ دے نال اک صحت مند پتر ہو سکدا سی، اسٹیفن نے محسوس کیتا کہ اس نوں کجھ وی وارث ہون دی ضمانت نئیں سی۔ ایہ وی ممکن اے کہ اسٹیفن، اگنس تے املریک دی منسوخی دے بارے چ جان کے، سبیلا دی جائزیت دے بارے چ فکر مند ہو گیا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} == وارث مفروضہ == [[فائل:Amalric_smrt.jpg|thumb| بادشاہ املریک دی موت جویں کہ 13ویں صدی چ دکھایا گیا اے]] جدو‏ں بادشاہ املرک 11 جولائ‏ی 1174ء نو‏‏ں پیچش د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں مر گیا تاں ہائی کورٹ اس گل اُتے مشتمل ہوئی کہ اس دا جانشین کون بنے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا دا 13 سالہ بھرا، بالڈون، واضح جانشین ہوندا جے اوہدے شروع ہون آلے کوڑھ دے خوف نہ ہوندے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے لئی واحد سنجیدہ متبادل سبیلا سی ، جس د ی عمر اس وقت تقریباً 15 سال سی۔ خواتین دی جانشینی حالیہ قانون وچ مبنی سی تے اس دی مثال سی، کیونجے سبیلا دی دادی میلیسینڈ اپنے پتراں توں پہلاں تخت تے بیٹھی سی۔ تاہم، سبیلا جوان، ناتجربہ کار تے غیر شادی شدہ سی۔ [[صلیبی ریاستاں|لاطینی مشرق]] چ کوئی وی بیچلر اوہدے نال ویاہ کرن دے قابل نئیں سی; طرابلس دے کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ سوم تے انطاکیہ دے بالڈون بہت نیڑے دے رشتہ دار سن ، تے بادشاہت دے بیرناں وچو ں کسی اک تو ں شادی دوسرےآں وچ ناراضگی پیدا کرسکدی سی۔ بیرون ملک اک میچ لبھنا پیا، لیکن کیونکہ اس چ بہت زیادہ عرصہ لگے گا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون چہارم نو اس توقع دے نال منتخب کیتا گیا کہ جے اوہ متاثر ہویا تے سبیلا دے بعد اک شوہر لبھ جائے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} === ویاہ === کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ آف طرابلس ، جو اس وقت تک یروشلم د‏‏ی بادشاہی وچ گلیل دا شہزادہ وی سی ، سب تو‏ں نیڑےی مرد رشتہ دار ہونے د‏‏ی بنیاد اُتے نوجوان بادشاہ دے لئی ریجنٹ بن گیا۔ اس نے سبیلا تے بالڈون د‏‏ی ماں ، اگنس نو‏‏ں عدالت وچ واپس آنے د‏‏ی اجازت دتی ، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے اگنس دا آنے والے سالاں وچ اپنے بچےآں تو‏ں سخت وابستگی تے اثر و رسوخ سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} اس دے تخت نشینی دے بعد بالڈون د ی حالت تیزی تو ں خراب ہوگئی ، تے چونکہ ایہ واضح سی کہ اسنو ں کوڑھ سی ، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس لئی سبیلا دے لئی شادی دا انتظام کرنا ضروری ہو گیا۔ ریمنڈ تے ہائی کورٹ ولوں چُنیا گیا دولہا مونٹفیریٹ دا ولیم "لانگ سوورڈ" سی، جو مونٹفیریٹ دے مارکیز ولیم پنجم دا پتر سی تے مقدس رومن شہنشاہ [[فریڈرک باربروسا]] تے فرانس دے بادشاہ لوئس ہفتم دوناں دا کزن سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} مزید برآں، ولیم V نے [[دوجی صلیبی جنگ]] وچ حصہ لیا، جس وچ اپنے خاندان دی یروشلیم دی بادشاہی لئی لگن دا مظاہرہ کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ولیم اکتوبر 1176 وچ مشرق وچ پہنچیا؛ اس ویلے تک، یروشلم دی بادشاہی دے بیرن اس دے نال اتنے چنگے مزاج نئیں سن، ممکنہ طور تے ایس لئی کہ شہنشاہ فریڈرک نوں لومبارڈ لیگ دے خلاف فوجی ناکامیاں دا سامنا کرنا پیا سی تے ہن مشرق چ کیتھولکاں دی مدد کرن دی توقع نئیں کیتی جا سکدی سی۔ ولیم آف ٹائر نے رپورٹ دتی کہ ولیم لانگسورڈ دی سبیلا نال شادی "اوہناں وچوں کجھ لوکاں ولوں ناپسندیدہ تے کھل کے مخالفت کیتی گئی سی جنہاں دے مشورے نال اوہنوں بلایا گیا سی۔" {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ویاہ نو اگے ودھنا پیا، تاہم، کیونکہ جے سبیلا نو دوبارہ جلٹ کیتا جاندا اے تے سبیلا دے امکانات ناقابل تلافی طور تے گھٹ ہو سکدے سن۔ ولیم آف ٹائر دے مطابق، ولیم لانگسورڈ نومبر وچ سبیلا دا شوہر بن گیا، اس دے آنے دے صرف چالیس دن بعد، کیونجے بالڈون تے سبیلا نے پچھلے سال حلف کھادی سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ولیم نو بعد چ جافا تے اسکالون دی کاؤنٹی دتی گئی، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} جس نے سبیلا نو اپنی ماں دے علاوہ بادشاہی چ واحد کاؤنٹیس بنا دتا، جہنوں اس دی منسوخی دے بعد ایہ خطاب دتا گیا سی، جس نے اک خاص امتیاز حاصل کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون نے ولیم دے حق وچ استعفیٰ دینے د‏‏ی پیشکش کيت‏‏ی ہوئے گی ، لیکن ولیم نے انکار کردتا کیونجے اوہ جانتا سی کہ اسنو‏ں شرافت وچ حمایت د‏‏ی کمی ا‏‏ے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے باوجود، سبیلا تے ولیم دے کول اکٹھے اک مستحکم مستقبل اے، تے جے لوڑ پئی تے اوہ آسانی نال اتھارٹی لے سکدے سن۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} === کاؤنٹیس === [[فائل:1187_Kingdom_Of_Jerusalem_based_on_1889_map.svg|thumb| یروشلیم دی بادشاہی چ جاگیراں دا نقشہ]] اپریل 1177 دے آسے پاسے، اوہ تے سبیلا دے بچے دے حاملہ ہون دے تھوڑی دیر بعد، ولیم شدید بیمار ہو گیا؛ جدوں بالڈون اپنے سالے نوں ملن آیا، تے اوہ وی شدید بیمار ہو گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ولیم جون وچ مر گیا، جس ویلے تک سبیلا دی حمل دا پتہ چل گیا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے اوہ جافا تے اسکالون دی ''سو جوری'' کاؤنٹیس دے طور تے رہ گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} ولیم دی موت نے اوہدے ہم عصراں نوں مایوس کر دتا، کئیاں نوں شک سی کہ اوہنوں قتل کر دتا گیا اے۔ ولیم آف ٹائر نے اس دا بہت گھٹ نوٹ کیتا، جس دا مطلب اے کہ اس دی بے قاعدہ طرز زندگی تے زیادہ کھان پین دی وجہ توں اس دی موت ہو گئی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} سبیلا تے بالڈون دے پہلے کزن کاؤنٹ فلپ اول آف فلینڈرز ولیم د‏‏ی موت دے فورا بعد ہی یروشلم پہنچے ، لیکن جدو‏ں بادشاہ ، جو حالے وی خوفناک بیمار سی ، جلدی تے بے صبری تو‏ں اسنو‏ں ریجنسی تو‏ں انکار کردتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بلکہ، فلپ دے وڈے ٹیچیاں چوں اک سبیلا تے اوہدی سوتیلی بھین اسابیلا نوں بالترتیب رابرٹ تے ولیم نال ویاہ کرن دا بندوبست کرنا سی، جہڑے اوہدے پسندیدہ لیجمین رابرٹ پنجم آف بیتھون دے پتر سن۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} قیاس کیتا جاندا اے کہ فلپ چاہندا سی کہ ایہ لوک فلینڈرز وچ اپنی زمیناں اس دے حوالے کرن تے یروشلم دی بادشاہی تے قبضہ کرن۔ بالڈون دے اختیار نو کمزور کرن دی فلپ دی کوشش نو فوری طور تے تسلیم کردے ہوئے، ہائی کورٹ نے اس رواج دا مقابلہ کیتا کہ بیوہ سبیلا نو اک سال دے سوگ دا حقدار اے، جہڑا خاص طور تے اس دی حمل دی وجہ توں مناسب سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} فلپ تے ہائی کورٹ ایس گل تے متفق نئیں ہو سکے کہ سبیلا دے اگلے شوہر دے انتخاب وچ اوہناں وچوں کیہڑا آخری گل کرے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} رملا دے مالک ، ایبلین دے بالڈون نے فلپ دی مخالفت دی اگوائی کیتی تے امید کیتی کہ اوہ چنے ہوئے منگیتر بنے گا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} [[فائل:Philip_of_Alsace2.jpg|right|thumb| فلینڈرز دے فلپ اول دی مہر]] سبیلا نے 1177–78 دے سردیاں وچ اک پتر نوں جنم دتا، جسدا ناں بالڈون سی۔ اس لڑکے دا ناں اس دے چاچے دے ناں اُتے رکھیا گیا سی ، جس تو ں ایہ ظاہر ہُندا اے کہ اوہ اس دا وارث بننا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} جون 1178 وچ اس دا سوگ دا دور ختم ہو گیا، تے اس دے لئی اک نويں شادی دے لئی مذاکرات کرنا مناسب ہو گیا۔ بالڈون آف ایبلن دا سوٹ بہت مشہور سی، لیکن مسترد کر دتا گیا; اسدے بھرا [[بالیان|بلیان نوں]] 1177 دے انت وچّ سبیلا دی سوتیلی ماں ملکہ ماریہ نال ویاہ کرن دی آگیا دے دتی گئی۔ یکم جولائی 1178ء نو‏‏ں ، سبیلا نے اپنے بھائی دے نال عوامی کارروائیاں وچ وابستہ ہونا شروع کيتا ، تے اس لئی اس نے اسنو‏ں تخت دے لئی اگلی قطار دے طور اُتے تسلیم کيتا۔ ایہ اوہناں دی دادی میلیسینڈ دی اپنے پیو، کنگ بالڈون II دے نال تعلقات دی یاد دلا رہیا سی۔ بالڈون چہارم نے اس طرح سبیلا دی حیثیت نو اپنے وارث دے طور تے تصدیق کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ہائی کورٹ نے متفقہ طور تے اتفاق کیتا کہ سبیلا نو اگلا ویاہ برگنڈی دے ڈیوک ہیو سوم نال کرنا چاہیدا اے۔ ٹائر دے ولیم دے مطابق، انہاں نے کہیا "کہ سانوں لارڈ کنگ دی بھین، جہنوں پہلے مارکیز (مونٹفرٹ) نے اسی شرطاں تے حاصل کیتا سی، اوہنوں شادی چ قبول کرنا چاہیدا اے۔" {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بالڈون چہارم اتنی بے صبری تو‏ں چاہندا سی کہ اک سالا اس دے لئی بادشاہت اُتے قبضہ کرے کہ اس نے فرانس دے بادشاہ نو‏‏ں ایہ اختیار دتا کہ جے ہیو نے انکار کردتا تاں متبادل امیدوار منتخب کرسک‏‏ے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، اسٹیفن دے برعکس، ہیو تخت دا بالڈون چہارم دا براہ راست وارث نئیں بنے گا کیونکہ سبیلا دا ہن اک پتر سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ہیو نے 1180 دے اوائل چ مشرق ول جان دا ارادہ کیتا {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے ایسٹر تے سبیلا نال ویاہ کرنا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} فرانس دے [[صلیبی جنگاں|صلیبیاں]] دا اک گروہ، جس دی اگوائی کاؤنٹ ہنری اول آف شیمپین ، پیٹر اول آف کورٹنی ، تے فلپ آف ڈریکس نے کیتی، جولائی 1179 وچ پہنچیا، لیکن اوہ مصری حکمران [[صلاح الدین ایوبی|صلاح الدین نوں]] لی چیسٹیلٹ دے صلیبی قلعے نو تباہ کرن توں روکن وچ ناکام رہے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} اس دے باوجود، اوہ اگلے سال سبیلا تے ہیو دے تاجپوشی وچ مدد کرن دی امید وچ بادشاہی وچ رہے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، ہیو نے کدی وی سفر نئیں کیتا، ممکنہ طور تے اپنے نوجوان پتر، اوڈو نو برگنڈی چ اپنے ریجنٹ دے طور تے نئیں چھڈنا چاہندا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} === دوبارہ ویاہ === [[فائل:Lettrine-Sibylle-betrothal&marriage.jpg|thumb| 13ویں صدی دے [[عکا]] چ بالڈون چہارم دی تصویر کشی سبیلا نوں گائی نال منگنی کردی اے تے سبیلا گائی نال ویاہ کردی اے]] 1180 دے مقدس ہفتے دے دوران حالات نے اک غیر متوقع موڑ لیا۔ بادشاہ [[فلپ آگسٹس|فلپ دوم]] دے تخت نشینی دے بعد فرانس وچ پیدا ہونے والے تنازعے نے ہیو نو‏‏ں اپنے علاقے نو‏‏ں چھڈنے تو‏ں روک دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} عصری تواریخ نگار ارنول تے ولیم آف ٹائر نے واقعات نو مختلف طریقے نال بیان کیتا اے۔ ارنول دے مطابق، جدوں اوہ صلاح الدین دی قید وچ سی، سبیلا نے ایبلن دے بالڈون نوں لکھیا، تے وعدہ کیتا کہ جے اوہ اپنے آپ نوں تاوان دے سکدا اے تے اوہ اپنے بھرا نوں اوہناں دی شادی دی اجازت دین تے راضی کرے گی، لیکن اوہدی ماں نے اوہنوں گائے آف لوسینن نال ویاہ کرن لئی راضی کیتا، جو اک پوئٹیوین نائٹ سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تریخ دان برنارڈ ہیملٹن دا کہنا اے کہ ارنول دا بیان، اگرچہ پرانے تریخ نگاری وچ قبول کیتا گیا اے، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ایبلین دے حق وچ متعصب اے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ولیم آف ٹائر نے رپورٹ دتی اے کہ 1180 وچ مقدس ہفتے دے دوران ، طرابلس دے کاؤنٹ ریمنڈ سوم تے انطاکیہ دے شہزادہ بوہیمنڈ سوم شاہ بالڈون دے خلاف [[مسلح بغاوت|بغاوت]] کرنے دے لئی یروشلم د ی طرف مارچ کررہے سن ۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ہیملٹن نے ایہ نتیجہ اخذ کیتا کہ انہاں نے بادشاہ نو‏‏ں مجبور کرنے دا ارادہ کیتا کہ اوہ سبیلا نو‏‏ں ایبلن دے بالڈون تو‏ں شادی کرے تے فیر استعفیٰ دے دے، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے بادشاہ نے گائی دے نال اس د‏ی شادی دا بندوبست کرکے انہاں دے منصوبے نو‏‏ں ناکام بنا دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} ویاہ بہت چھیتی ہو گیا؛ ایہ تقریب قانونی طور تے غلط سی تے عوامی نوٹس نئیں دتا گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} بادشاہ بالڈون نے کدی وی بالڈون آف ایبلن دی منظوری نئیں دتی سی، ممکنہ طور تے ایس لئی کہ ایبلن خاندان حال ای چ لارڈ دے عہدے تے اپڑیا سی۔ اک ہور عنصر ایہ سی کہ صلاح الدین نو‏‏ں ریمنڈ تے بوہیمنڈ د‏‏ی سازش تو‏ں آگاہ کیتا گیا سی کہ اوہ بالڈون آف ایبلن نو‏‏ں تخت اُتے بٹھاندے سن تے اس وجہ تو‏ں بالڈون آف ایبلن د‏‏ی تاوان نو‏‏ں اک بادشاہ دے طور اُتے مقرر کیتا گیا سی ؛ اجہے قرضے آلا جانشین مطلوبہ نئیں سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} 1180 توں، سبیلا نے گائی دے نال جافا تے اسکالون نوں رکھیا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} تے اوہدے نال چار دھیاں سن، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} جنہاں چ ایلس تے ماریہ شامل سن۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} اوہناں دی شادی نے شرافت نوں گائی (سبیلا؛ بادشاہ؛ اوہناں دی ماں، اگنس؛ اوہناں دے سوتیلے پیو، رینالڈ ، سیڈون دا مالک ؛ اوہناں دے ماں دے چاچے، جوسلین آف کورٹنی ؛ تے اولٹریجورڈن دے مالک ، رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون ) دی حمایت کرن آلے اک دھڑے تے اوہدے خلاف اک دھڑے (سبیلا؛ بادشاہ دے رشتے داراں) وچ ونڈ دتا۔ انطاکیہ تے ریمنڈ آف طرابلس؛ بالڈون تے بالیان آف ایبلین؛ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} مخالف فریق نو اک حریف دعویدار قائم کرن توں روکن دے لی، بادشاہ نے اپنی ماں دا مشورہ لیا تے، اکتوبر 1180 وچ، اپنڑی تے سبیلا دی سوتیلی بھین، اسابیلا، ٹورون دے ہمفری چہارم نال منگنی کیتی، جہڑا رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون دا سوتیلا پتر سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} مارچ 1181 توں، سبیلا تے گائے دوویں عوامی کماں چ بادشاہ بالڈون دے نال جڑے سن۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}}{{chart top|Sibylla's family,{{sfn|Hamilton|2000|pp=xviii, xx}} including Guy and his partisans (blue rectangular) and Guy's opponents (red rounded){{sfn|Hamilton|2000|p=158}}}} {{tree chart/start|align=center}} {{چارٹ|||||||||||||||||||||Baldwin|y|Morphia}} {{چارٹ||||||||||||,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.|}} {{چارٹ|Eremburga|y|~|Fulk|~|y|Melisende|,|-|-|-|.|||||||||||||||||||||||Alice||Hodierna||Ioveta}} {{چارٹ||,|-|^|-|.||||)|-|-|-|a|-|-|-|a|-|-|-|.||||||||||||||||||||!||||!|}} {{چارٹ|Geoffrey||Sibylla||Baldwin||Joscelin||Agnes|y|Amalric|y|Maria|~|Balian||Stephanie|~|Raynald|~|Constance||Raymond}} {{چارٹ||!||||!||||||||,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|.||`|-|.||||||||!||||,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}} {{چارٹ|Henry||Philip||William|y|Sibylla|~|Guy||Baldwin||Isabella|~|~|~|~|~|Humphrey||Bohemond||Maria|~|Manuel||BaldwinA}} {{چارٹ||||||||||||!|}} {{چارٹ|||||||||||Baldwin|||}} {{tree chart/end}} {{chart bottom}} == وراثت توں محروم ہونا == بالڈون چہارم دا کوڑھ تیزی نال ودھدا گیا؛ 1183 وچ اوہ اپنی نظر گوا بیٹھا تے ہن اوہ بغیر سہارا دے ٹر نئیں سکدا سی یا اپنے ہتھاں دا استعمال نئیں کر سکدا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اک جان لیوا بخار پیدا ہون دے بعد، اس نے جون وچ ہائی کورٹ نوں طلب کیتا تے گائی نوں ریجنٹ بنا دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون نے صرف شاہی لقب تے یروشلم دا شہر برقرار رکھیا۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} گائے نے اک موثر فوجی رہنما بنن لئی بہوں زیادہ ناپسندیدہ ثابت کیتا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تے یروشلیم نوں ٹائر دے بدلے کرن توں انکار کرکے نااہل بادشاہ دی شدید توہین کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} صلاح الدین نے کیرک قلعے تے 1183ء دے اخیر چ حملہ کیتا جدوں سیبیلا دی سوتیلی بھین اسابیلا دا ہمفری آف ٹورون نال ویاہ منایا جا رہیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون نے اپنے فوجیاں نوں بلایا۔ فوج دی موثر کمانڈ کرن لئی اس تے اعتماد نئیں کردے ہوئے، بادشاہ نے گائی نو ریجنسی توں محروم کر دتا تے، موثر انداز چ، جانشینی دی لکیر چ اس دی تھاں توں محروم کر دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے بعد جمع شدہ شرافت دے ذریعہ جانشینی اُتے غور کيتا گیا ، جس وچ گائی ، اگنس ، انطاکیہ دے بوہیمنڈ ، طرابلس دے ریمنڈ ، سیڈون دے رینالڈ ، تے ایبلن برادران شامل سن ، لیکن سبیلا دے حامی رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون تے جوسلین آف کورٹنی شامل نئيں سن ۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} آخر کار، اگنس دی تجویز کہ سبیلا دے پنج سالہ بیٹے، بالڈون V نو شریک بادشاہ دا تاج پہنایا جائے، قبول کر لیا گیا کیونکہ اس دا سبیلا دے بعد اگلا سب توں مضبوط دعوی سی۔ تاجپوشی 20 نومبر نو‏‏ں ہوئی ، تے اس لڑکے نو‏‏ں اپنے سوتیلے والد دے علاوہ تمام بیرناں د‏‏ی خراج تحسین ملی ، جسنو‏ں مدعو نئيں کيت‏‏ا گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} سبیلا نے ممکنہ طور تے اس تاجپوشی تے اتفاق کیتا تے اس حقیقت نو قبول کیتا کہ اوہ اپنے پتر دی ریجنٹ نئیں ہووے گی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} فیر بالڈون چہارم تے اس دی فوج نے کیرک دے محاصرے نو دور کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} [[فائل:Français_2824,_fol._162v,_Raymond_de_Tripoli_nommé_régent.jpeg|thumb| بالڈون چہارم دی موت، بالڈون پنجم دی تاجپوشی، تے ریمنڈ دی ریجنسی لئی نامزدگی جویں کہ 13ویں صدی چ [[عکا]] چ دکھایا گیا اے۔]] ایہہ سوال کہ بالڈون V لئی ریجنٹ دے طور تے بادشاہی تے کون حکومت کرے گا، معذور بادشاہ نوں پریشان کردا سی۔ جے بالڈون چہارم مر جاندا اے تے سبیلا تے گائے کول ریجنسی دا بہترین دعویٰ ہوندا۔ اس دا بھرا جانندا سی کہ اس نوں صرف اوہناں دی شادی منسوخ کر کے روکیا جا سکدا اے تے اس معاملے تے یروشلم دے لاطینی سردار ہیراکلیئس نال گل بات کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون گائے دے نال سبیلا دی پکے عقیدت دے نال نال ہیراکلیئس دے نال گائے دی دوستی نو وی مدنظر رکھن اچ ناکام رہیا، جس نے بالڈون دے ارادےآں دے بارے چ گائی نو خبردار کیتا ہووے گا۔ کیراک دا محاصرہ ختم کرنے دے بعد باقی فوج دے نال یروشلم جانے د‏‏ی بجائے ، گائے سدھا اسکالون چلا گیا تے سبیلا نو‏‏ں اک پیغام بھیجیا ، جو اوتھ‏ے اس دے نال شامل ہويا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} منسوخی انہاں دی موجودگی دے بغیر اگے نئیں ودھ سکدی سی، تے بالڈون دے طلبی دے باوجود جوڑے دے اسکالون چھڈن توں انکار نے انہاں نو الگ کرن دی منصوبہ بندی نو ناکام بنا دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} بالڈون نے اگلا جافا تے اسکالون نو ضبط کرن دی کوشش کیتی لیکن صرف جافا نو منسوخ کرن اچ کامیاب ہویا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} 1185 دے اوائل وچ بالڈون چہارم د‏‏ی موت دے بستر اُتے ، اس وقت اک بیمار بچہ بالڈون پنجم دے ناں اُتے ریجنٹ د‏‏ی حیثیت تو‏ں بادشاہت اُتے حکومت کرنے دا حق طرابلس دے ریمنڈ نو‏‏ں پیش کيتا گیا۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ریمنڈ نے ریجنسی نو‏‏ں اس شرط اُتے قبول کيتا کہ [[پوپ]] [[مقدس رومی شہنشاہ]] تے انگلینڈ تے فرانس دے بادشاہاں دے مشورے تو‏ں ایہ فیصلہ کرے کہ بالڈون پنجم د‏‏ی وقت تو‏ں پہلے موت د‏‏ی صورت وچ تاج سبیلا یا اسابیلا نو‏‏ں مل جائے۔ ہائی کورٹ نے شرائط قبول کر لئیاں تے بالڈون چہارم د‏‏ی موجودگی وچ اس د‏ی حلف کھادی۔ منڈے دی سرپرستی اوہدے دادے جوسلین آف کورٹنی نوں دتی گئی سی، تے اوہ [[عکا]] چ رہندے سن۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ریمنڈ دی پارٹی سبیلا دے الحاق نوں روکن لئی پرعزم سی; اوہناں نے اپنے ماں پیو دی شادی دے منسوخ ہون دی بنیاد تے اوہدی جائزیت تے سوال چُکیا تے ایس گل تے زور دتا کہ اسابیلا اک راج کرن آلے بادشاہ توں پیدا ہوئی سی۔ مؤخر الذکر دلیل، " جامنی رنگ وچ پیدا ہونے " دے بازنطینی خیال اُتے مبنی، اسابیلا د ی بازنطینی ماں، ماریہ کومنینی تو ں آئی ہوئے گی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} بالڈون چہارم مارچ 1185 {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} یا 16 مئی 1185 توں پہلاں مر گیا، جدوں بالڈون پنجم واحد بادشاہ دے طور تے درج کیتا گیا اے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} بالڈون پنجم دے والد دے دادا ، مونٹفرٹ دے مارکیز ولیم پنجم ، نوجوان بادشاہ دے حقوق د‏‏ی حفاظت دے لئی یروشلم پہنچے۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} == راج == === الحاق === [[فائل:Balduins_tomb.jpg|thumb| سبیلا ولوں اپنے پتر، بالڈون V لئی کمیشن کیتا گیا وسیع مقبرہ]] سبیلا دا پتر اگست 1186 چ [[عکا]] چ مر گیا {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} سبیلا اپنے پتر دے جنازے چ رلت کرن لئی جلدی نال یروشلم چلی گئی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} اوہ تے گائے نے اپنے مضبوط مسلح تخرکشک دے نال شہر نو گیریژن کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} ادوں تکّ سبیلا دی ماں وی مر چکی سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} سبیلا نے اپنے پتر لئی اک وسیع قبر دا کمیشن دتا، کیونکہ اس ویلے شریف عورتاں دا فرض سی کہ اوہ اپنے شوہراں تے بچیاں دی یادگار نوں یقینی بنان۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ریمنڈ نے ہائی کورٹ نو [[نابلس]] طلب کیتا۔ سبیلا دی سوتیلی بھین، اسابیلا، اپنے شوہر ہمفری تے اپنے سوتیلے ٹبر، ایبلینز دے نال رلت کردی سی، جویں کہ ریمنڈ دے سوتیلے پتر، ہیو ، ولیم ، رالف تے [[Odo of Saint Omer|سینٹ اومر دے اوڈو]] نے کیتا سی۔ ہم عصراں دا خیال سی کہ ریمنڈ اپنے لئی تخت دا دعویٰ کرن دا ارادہ رکھدا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} دراں اثنا ، سبیلا دے چچا جوسلین آف کورٹنی نے اس دے ناں اُتے عکہ تے [[بیروت]] اُتے قبضہ ک‏ر ليا۔ <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">حوالہ دی لوڑ اے</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ریمنڈ نے سبیلا دی حمایت نو گھٹ سمجھیا۔ رینالڈ آف چیٹیلون تے ولیم پنجم آف مونٹفرٹ سبیلا دے نال آئے۔ اوہنوں سرپرست تے نائٹس ٹیمپلر دے ماسٹر ، رائڈفورٹ دے جیرارڈ ، جہڑے یروشلم چ رہندے سن، دے نال نال کانسٹیبل ، گائے دے بھرا ایمری نے وی حمایت دتی سی۔ چانسلر ، پیٹر آف لڈا ؛ تے سینیشل، اوہدا چاچا جوسلین۔ یروشلیم وچ جمع شرافت تے پادری جانشینی نو‏‏ں فوری طور اُتے طے کرنے د‏‏ی خواہش رکھدے سن ۔ اوہناں نے اتفاق کیتا کہ سبیلا کول سب توں چنگا دعویٰ سی، لیکن اس گل تے اختلاف کیتا کہ آیا گائی نوں اوہدے نال بادشاہ بننا چاہیدا اے۔ آخر چ، سبیلا دے حامیاں نے اس نوں اس دے حقوق دی تسلیم دے بدلے چ گائے نو چھڈن دی لوڑ پائی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا نے گائی نوں تن شرطاں تے طلاق دین تے راضی ہو گئی: گائی ولوں اپنیاں دھیاں دی جائز قرار دینا ، گائی ولوں جافا تے اسکالون نوں برقرار رکھنا، تے اک نواں شوہر چُنن دی آزادی جیویں اوہ مناسب سمجھدی اے۔ شرطاں منّ لئیاں گئیاں۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} === تاجپوشی === [[فائل:Français_9082,_fol._274v,_Couronnement_de_Sibylle_de_Jérusalem.jpg|right|thumb| سبیلا نوں ہیراکلیئس نے تاج پوایا جد کہ نابلس توں بھیجے گئے راہب اوہناں دی جاسوسی کردے سن۔]] ہیراکلیئس تے جیرارڈ دے مشورے اُتے ، سبیلا نے اپنے تاجپوشی وچ شرکت دے لئی لارڈز نو‏‏ں طلب کيتا۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ممکنہ طور تے ریمنڈ تے اوہدی پارٹی نو خوش کرن دی کوشش چ، گائی دا ذکر سمن چ نئیں کیتا گیا سی; {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} سبیلا نے اعلان کیتا کہ بادشاہت وراثت دے حق تو‏ں اس دے پاس منتقل ہوگئی ا‏‏ے۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ریمنڈ دی پارٹی نے بہر حال حاضر ہون توں انکار کر دتا، {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} دلیل دتی کہ انج کرن نال بالڈون چہارم دے موت دے بستر تے لئے گئے حلفاں دی خلاف ورزی ہووے گی، {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} تے تاجپوشی توں منع کرن لئی راہباں دا اک وفد بھیجن تک گیا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} نائٹس ہسپتاللر دے ماسٹر ، راجر ڈیس مولینز نے وی حاضر ہون توں انکار کر دتا، سبیلا دی مخالفت دی بجائے حلف دی وجہ توں زیادہ امکان سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے باوجود اس نوں اپنی چابی صندوق دے حوالے کرن لئی قائل کیتا گیا سی جہدے وچ ریگالیا سی۔ شہر دے دروازےآں نو‏‏ں تاجپوشی تو‏ں پہلے روک دتا گیا سی تاکہ مخالف فریق د‏‏ی طرف تو‏ں رکاوٹ نو‏‏ں روکیا جاسک‏‏ے ، تے حاضرین د‏‏ی بجائے ، رینالڈ آف شاٹیلون دے زور اُتے یروشلم دے شہریاں نے سبیلا نو‏‏ں ملکہ قرار دتا سی۔ {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} [[فائل:Sibylla_crowns_Guy_of_Lusignan.jpg|thumb| جدوں اوہنوں سرپرست نے تاج پہنایا، سبیلا نے گائے نوں بلایا تے اوہنوں بادشاہ پہنایا۔]] جیویں کہ روایتی سی، تاجپوشی [[پاک قبر والا گرجا|چرچ آف دی ہولی سیپلچر]] چ منعقد کیتی گئی سی، {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} ممکنہ طور تے ستمبر دے وسط چ۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اس دے تاج پہنانے دے بعد، سرپرست نے سبیلا نو اک دوجا تاج دتا تے اس نو اک نویں بیوی دا انتخاب کرن لئی آکھیا۔ اس نے گائے نو بلا کے تے اس دے سر تے تاج رکھ کے حاضرین نو حیران کر دتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} تاہم، سبیلا تے گائے دے مسح ہون دا کوئی ذکر نئیں اے، جہڑا کہ اوس ویلے رواج ہوندا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} اس گل تے اتفاق کرن دے بعد کہ اوہ گائی نو اک پاسے رکھن دے بعد اک شوہر دا انتخاب کرے، اکٹھے ہوئے شریف لوک اس دی پسند تے کوئی اعتراض نئیں کر سکے۔ واقعات دے اس موڑ دے بارے چ سنن تے، ریمنڈ نے اسابیلا تے ہمفری نو حریف بادشاہاں دے طور تے تاج پہنان دی تجویز پیش کیتی، لیکن ہمفری رات نوں نابلس توں چپکے نال باہر نکل گیا تے یروشلم ول سوار ہو گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} پہنچن تے، اس نے ملکہ دے نال ملاقات دا مطالبہ کیتا، جس نے ابتدائی ہچکچاہٹ دے بعد اتفاق کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} اس نے اس دے نال وفاداری دی قسم کھادی، {{Sfn|Riley-Smith|1973}} تے اس نے اس نوں گائے نال ملن لئی لے گئی، جس نوں اس نے خراج تحسین پیش کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} راجر ڈیس مولینس تے ہیراکلیئس نے امن دی ثالثی کیتی تے طرابلس دے ریمنڈ تے ایبلن دے بالڈون دے علاوہ تمام بیرن یروشلم تابعداری لئی آئے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} === یروشلیم دا زوال === سبیلا طاقت نوں ورتن لئی چنگی پوزیشن وچ سی کیونکہ گائی دا اختیار پوری طرحاں اوہدے تے منحصر سی۔ اوہ انہاں دے دور حکومت دے پہلے مہینےآں وچ عوامی کارروائیاں وچ اپنے شوہر دے نال منسلک سی ، لیکن ایہ صلاح الدین دے حملے د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں کٹ گیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} مسلسل سرکشی دے اک عمل وچ ، ریمنڈ نے صلاح الدین ایوبی دے نال اتحاد کیتا ، تے مسلم فوجیاں دے نال طبریہ نو‏‏ں گیریژن کیتا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} صلاح الدین نے 26 اپریل 1187ء نو‏‏ں اس سلطنت اُتے حملہ کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} یکم مئی نو‏‏ں [[ناصرہ|ناصرت]] دے نیڑے کریسن وچ مسلم فوجاں نے ٹیمپلرز تے ہاسپیٹلرز د‏‏ی مشترکہ فوجاں نو‏‏ں ختم کرنے دے بعد ، ریمنڈ نو‏‏ں اس دے اپنے غلاماں نے گائی دے تابع ہونے اُتے مجبور کيتا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} اگرچہ ہنڑ متحد ہو چکیا سی، لیکن کریسن چ شکست دی وجہ توں بادشاہی شدید طور تے کمزور ہو چکی سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} گائے دی اگوائی چ عیسائی فوج نوں 4 جولائی نوں [[حطین دی لڑائی|ہارنز آف ہیٹن چ]] اک کچل ہار دا سامنا کرنا پیا۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} صلاح الدین نے گائے نو قیدی بنا لیا تے رینالڈ نو پھانسی دے دتی; ریمنڈ ستمبر وچّ طرابلس وچّ اک بیماری کارن چلانا کر گیا سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} کنگ گائے دی شکست تے ہیٹن چ قید دے ویلے ملکہ سبیلا یروشلم چ سی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} اوہ شہر دے دفاع دے لئی اپنی بیٹیاں دے نال اسکالون چلی گئی تے صرف گائی د‏‏ی رہائی دے بدلے وچ اسنو‏ں صلاح الدین دے حوالے کر دتا ، لیکن اس دے باوجود صلاح الدین نے اسنو‏ں قید رکھیا۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} تاہم، امداد لئی ایہناں اپیلاں چوں کوئی وی سبیلا دے ناں تے نئیں بھیجی گئی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} ستمبر چ، صلاح الدین نے [[فتح بیت المقدس|بیت المقدس دا محاصرہ کیتا]] ۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} ملکہ نے پیٹریارک ہیراکلیئس تے ایبلین دے بالیان دی مدد نال دفاع دا کمانڈ کیتا ، لیکن شدید بمباری نے انہاں نو‏ں ہتھیار ڈالنے اُتے مجبور کردتا۔ صلاح الدین نے شکست خوردہ لوکاں نو اپنے آپ نو تاوان دین دی اجازت دتی، تے سبیلا نو [[انطاکیہ (تاریخی شہر)|انطاکیہ]] دے سفر دے دوران نابلس چ گائی دا دورہ کرن دی ہور اجازت دتی گئی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} بظاہر اوہ یورپ لئی اوتھے جان توں روکیا گیا سی جدوں اوہدا جہاز مونٹفیریٹ دے کونراڈ نے قبضہ کر لیا سی، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} اوہدے پہلے خاوند دا بھرا جہنے ٹائر دا دفاع کیتا سی۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989a}} اس دی بجائے سبیلا اپنی سوتیلی ماں، ملکہ ماریہ، دے نال طرابلس چ شامل ہو گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} لڑائی ہٹین دے بعد دے مہینیاں چ، صائر دے علاوہ ساری بادشاہی صلاح الدین دے ہتھ چ آ گئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|2000}} [[فائل:Lusignan_Tyr.jpg|thumb| ٹائر دے باہر گائے تے سبیلا دی 1295 دی تصویر کشی]] سبیلا نے گائی دی رہائی لئی صلاح الدین توں بار بار التجا کیتی، تے صلاح الدین نے جولائی 1188 وچ اوہدی درخواست منظور کر دتی {{Sfn|Runciman|1989b}} جوڑے نے ہنجوآں نال ٹورٹوسا دے نیڑے جزیرے ارواد تے دوبارہ اکٹھے ہوئے، {{Sfn|Nicholson|2022}} جتھوں اوہ شمال ول انطاکیہ گئے تے فیر واپس جنوب ول طرابلس گئے، رستے چ اک فوج اکٹھی کیتی۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} اوہ اپریل 1189 وچ ٹائر ول مارچ کیتا۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989b}} شہر دے مدافع کونراڈ نے بادشاہ تے ملکہ نو‏‏ں شہر وچ داخل ہونے تو‏ں انکار کردتا ، جس د‏‏ی وجہ تو‏ں انہاں نو‏‏ں اس د‏ی دیواراں دے باہر کئی مہینے گزارنے اُتے مجبور ہوئے گئے۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} کونراڈ نے آکھیا کہ گائی نے ہیٹن چ بادشاہی ضائع کر لئی اے تے ٹائر نوں مقدس رومی شہنشاہ تے انگلینڈ تے فرانس دے بادشاہاں لئی امانت چ رکھیا جا رہیا اے، جہڑے فیصلہ کرن گے کہ حکومت کس نوں تفویض کیتی جائے۔ {{Sfn|Runciman|1989b}} == موت == [[تیسری صلیبی جنگ|تیجی صلیبی جنگ]] 1189ء چ شروع ہوئی ، تے سبیلا ہمفری ، اسابیلا ، ماریہ تے بالیان دے نال عکہ دے محاصرے چ گائے دے نال گئی ۔ 1190 وچ صلیبیاں دے کیمپ وچ اک وباء آئی۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} سبیلا اپنی دھیاں ایلس تے ماریہ دے نال گرمیاں دے اخیر یا خزاں چ مر گئی۔ {{Efn|Hamilton dates Sibylla's death to 25 July 1190.{{sfn|Hamilton|1978|p=172}} Nicholson argues that she died between 16 and 21 October.{{sfn|Nicholson|2022|p=31}}}} ایہ واضح نئيں اے کہ باقی دو بیٹیاں پہلے مر گئیاں سن یا اسی وقت۔ {{Sfn|Hamilton|1978}} آئی ''ٹینیریئم نے'' گائی دے خلاف غلط کھیڈ دے الزامات درج کیتے، لیکن سچائی چ، انہاں دی موت نے گائی نو تخت دے کسی وی حق توں محروم کر دتا۔ سبیلا دی وارث اوہدی سوتیلی بھین اسابیلا اول سی {{Sfn|Hodgson|2007}} == اندازہ ==   جدید تریخ نگاری وچ وسائل تے وفاداری سبیلا دی اہم خصوصیات رہندیاں نیں، جہنوں تریخ دان ہیلن جے نکولسن نے عصری صنفی آدرشاں دے ذریعہ اس دی تصویر دی مسخ کرن نال منسوب کیتا اے۔ {{Sfn|Nicholson|2004}} == مقبول ثقافت == * ''جنت دی بادشاہی''&nbsp;– [[ایوا گرین]] نے سبیلا نو اک مشرقی شہزادی دے طور تے پیش کیتا جہڑی گائے دی بجائے [[بالیان|ایبلین دے بالیان نال]] محبت کردی سی۔ * ''[[فاتح القدس صلاح الدین ایوبی|کدوس فاتحی صلاح الدین ایوبی]]'' - گلپر اوزدمیر نے سبیلا دا کردار ادا کیتا، جہڑی گائے توں نفرت کردی سی تے بالیان نال محبت کردی سی۔ == نوٹ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Notelist}} == حوالے == {{حوالے}} === کتابیات === {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |first=Bernard |last=Hamilton |chapter=Women in the Crusader States: The Queens of Jerusalem |title=Medieval Women |editor-first=Derek |editor-last=Baker |publisher=Ecclesiastical History Society |year=1978 |isbn=978-0631192602 }} * {{cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Bernard|title=The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem|year=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521017473|url=https://archive.org/details/hamilton-the-leper-king-and-his-heirs_202106}} * {{cite book |last=Hodgson|first=Natasha R.|year=2007|title=Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1843833321}} * {{cite book|last=Nicholson|first=Helen J.|author-link=Helen J. Nicholson|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-last=Morillo|editor2-first=Diane|editor2-last=Korngiebel|year=2004|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt7zssjh|title=The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History|volume=15|chapter=La Roine Preude Femme Et Bonne Dame’: Queen Sybil of Jerusalem (1186–1190) in History and Legend, 1186–1300.|publisher=Boydell Press|jstor=10.7722/j.ctt7zssjh |isbn=1843831988}} * {{cite book|last=Nicholson|first=Helen J.|author-link=Helen J. Nicholson|year=2022 |title=Sybil, Queen of Jerusalem, 1186–1190 |publisher=Routledge| isbn=978-1-138-63651-4}}, {{doi|10.4324/9781315205960}} * {{cite book |last=Riley-Smith|first=Jonathan|author-link=Jonathan Riley-Smith|year=1973 |title=The feudal nobility and the kingdom of Jerusalem, 1147 - 1277|publisher=Macmillan}} * {{cite book|last=Runciman|first=Steven|author-link=Steven Runciman|orig-year=1952|year=1989a|title=The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187|series=[[A History of the Crusades]]|volume=II|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-06163-6}} * {{cite book |last=Runciman |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Runciman|orig-year=1954|year=1989b|title=A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-06163-6 }} {{refend}}   {{s-start}} {{s-reg|other}} |- {{s-vac| reason=Merged into [[royal domain]]|last= [[Amalric of Jerusalem|Amalric]] }} {{s-ttl| title = [[Countess of Jaffa and Ascalon]] | years = 1176-1186|regent1 = [[William Longsword of Montferrat|William of Montferrat]]|years1 = 1176-1177|regent2 = [[Guy of Lusignan]]|years2 = 1180-1186}} {{s-vac| reason=Merged into [[royal domain]]| next= [[Geoffrey of Lusignan]] }} {{s-reg}} {{s-bef| before = [[Baldwin V of Jerusalem|Baldwin V]] }} {{s-ttl| title = [[Queen of Jerusalem]] | years = 1186-1190|regent1 = [[Guy of Lusignan|Guy]]}} {{s-aft| after = [[Isabella I of Jerusalem|Isabella I]] }} {{s-end}} [[گٹھ:1190 دیاں موتاں]] [[گٹھ:یروشلم دی ہمسر ملکاواں]] [[گٹھ:یروشلم دیاں شخصیتاں]] [[گٹھ:ترجمے نوں سمکھیاواں چاہیدیاں]] p27af1hz3fmpei5kukg2ticne7fdaxs 0 149248 708889 2026-07-25T06:13:41Z Abbas dhothar 361 Created by translating the page "[[:ru:Special:Redirect/revision/154059459|Города-герои (монеты)]]" 708889 wikitext text/x-wiki   <references responsive="1"></references> '''ادبی ذرائع''' پورے روس چ بغیر کسے پابندی دے ہر قسم دی ادائیگی لئی سکے قانونی ٹینڈر ہن۔   == تریخ == === گردش وچ جاری === سنہ Baldwin IV died in 1185, having named Raymond to rule as regent for Baldwin V instead of Sibylla or Guy. The boy king died the next year, and Sibylla moved quickly to claim the throne against Raymond's ambitions. She agreed to her supporters' demand to set Guy aside on the condition that she could choose her next husband, and outwitted them at her coronation in mid-September 1186 by choosing to remarry Guy and crown him herself. Saladin took advantage of the discord in the kingdom to invade in 1187, reducing the Kingdom of Jerusalem to a single city, Tyre. Sibylla visited her husband, who had been taken captive at the decisive Battle of Hattin, and procured from Saladin his release. While Guy was besieging Acre, Sibylla and their daughters died in 1190 of an epidemic outside Acre.2000ء وچ [[مشرقی محاذ (دوسری جنگ عظیم)|عظیم محب وطن جنگ]] وچ فتح د‏‏ی 55 ویں سالگرہ دے جشن د‏‏ی تیاری وچ بینک آف روس نے اس تقریب دے لئی وقف بیس میٹلز تو‏ں بنے ہوئے یادگاری سکےآں دا اک سلسلہ جاری کيتا۔ [[سوویت اتحاد دی تحلیل|یو ایس ایس آر دے خاتمے]] دے بعد اس وقت روس دا حصہ سن جو یو ایس ایس آر دے 12 ہیرو شہراں وچو ں 7 دے لئی وقف سکےآں دا اک سلسلہ جاری کيتا گیا سی : [[سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ|لینن گراڈ]] ، [[وولگوگراد|اسٹالن گراڈ]] ، [[ماسکو]] ، [[نووروسسک|نووروسیسک]] ، [[ٹولا|تولا]] ، سمولینسک تے مرمنسک {{Sfn|Катаева|2021}} ۔ 2017 وچBaldwin IV died in 1185, having named Raymond to rule as regent for Baldwin V instead of Sibylla or Guy. The boy king died the next year, and Sibylla moved quickly to claim the throne against Raymond's ambitions. She agreed to her supporters' demand to set Guy aside on the condition that she could choose her next husband, and outwitted them at her coronation in mid-September 1186 by choosing to remarry Guy and crown him herself. Saladin took advantage of the discord in the kingdom to invade in 1187, reducing the Kingdom of Jerusalem to a single city, Tyre. Sibylla visited her husband, who had been taken captive at the decisive Battle of Hattin, and procured from Saladin his release. While Guy was besieging Acre, Sibylla and their daughters died in 1190 of an epidemic outside Acre.، بینک آف روس نے [[کریمیا]] وچ واقع ہیرو شہراں دیاں تصویراں دے نال دو سکے جاری کرکے ہیرو شہراں دے سکیاں دی سیریز نو ودھایا - کرچ تے [[سواستوپول|سیواستوپول]] {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} {{Sfn|Елохин|2018}} [ تبصرہ 1 ] ۔ سکیاں دا ڈیزائن اوہی رہیا {{Sfn|Катаева|2021}} ۔ <references group="Комм." responsive="1"></references> <references group="ЦБ" responsive="1"></references> === صفتاں === ایہ سیریز بنیادی دھاتاں نال بنے یادگاری سکیاں توں مراد اے۔ سکیاں دا مواد تانبے-نکل مصر ( نکل چاندی ) اے۔ سکیاں چ 2 روبل سکیاں لئی معیاری پیرامیٹرز ہن: قطر 23.00 ملی میٹر، موٹائی 1.80 ملی میٹر، وزن 5.1 جی۔ ہر قسم دی گردش 10 ملین کاپیاں اے۔ ہر اک چ ماسکو یا سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ ٹکسال دا نشان اے۔ 2017 دے سکیاں چ دھات چ تبدیلیاں آئیاں۔ اس سال اوہ [[نکل]] چڑھایا [[فولاد|سٹیل]] نال بنائے گئے سن۔ سکیاں دا وزن گھٹا کے 5 گرام کر دتا گیا سی، جد کہ دوجیاں خصوصیات اوہی رہیاں۔ Baldwin IV died in 1185, having named Raymond to rule as regent for Baldwin V instead of Sibylla or Guy. The boy king died the next year, and Sibylla moved quickly to claim the throne against Raymond's ambitions. She agreed to her supporters' demand to set Guy aside on the condition that she could choose her next husband, and outwitted them at her coronation in mid-September 1186 by choosing to remarry Guy and crown him herself. Saladin took advantage of the discord in the kingdom to invade in 1187, reducing the Kingdom of Jerusalem to a single city, Tyre. Sibylla visited her husband, who had been taken captive at the decisive Battle of Hattin, and procured from Saladin his release. While Guy was besieging Acre, Sibylla and their daughters died in 1190 of an epidemic outside Acre.سکیاں دی گردش ہر قسم دے 5 ملین ٹکڑیاں تک گھٹ گئی {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} ۔ === ردعمل === 2017 وچ، Baldwin IV died in 1185, having named Raymond to rule as regent for Baldwin V instead of Sibylla or Guy. The boy king died the next year, and Sibylla moved quickly to claim the throne against Raymond's ambitions. She agreed to her supporters' demand to set Guy aside on the condition that she could choose her next husband, and outwitted them at her coronation in mid-September 1186 by choosing to remarry Guy and crown him herself. Saladin took advantage of the discord in the kingdom to invade in 1187, reducing the Kingdom of Jerusalem to a single city, Tyre. Sibylla visited her husband, who had been taken captive at the decisive Battle of Hattin, and procured from Saladin his release. While Guy was besieging Acre, Sibylla and their daughters died in 1190 of an epidemic outside Acre.کرچ تے سیواستوپول دے لئی وقف سکے، کیونجے کریمیا وچ واقع اشیاء دی تصویراں تے مشتمل سن، جو روس نے الحاق کیتے سن ، پورے [[یوکرین]] وچ نقد رقم تے کرنسی دے تبادلے دے لین دین توں پابندی عائد کر دتی گئی سی۔ ایہ اقدام ملک دی خود مختاری تے علاقائی سالمیت دے تحفظ دے ذریعہ جائز اے {{Sfn|Елохин|2018}} ۔ '''روسی فیڈریشن دے مرکزی بینک دے ذرائع''' مجموعہ دی قیمت دے نقطہ نظر توں، 2000 سیریز دے سکیاں دی قیمت 200-350 روبل توں ودھ نئیں اے {{Sfn|Гусев|2022}} ، تے 2017 دے سکے 20 روبل توں زیادہ نئیں {{Sfn|Гусев|2022}} ۔ == سکے == === 2000 === ==== اوورس ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0001R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_аверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0001R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_аверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو لائناں وچ سکے دا فرق اے: "2 روبل"، تھلے کتبہ اے: "روس دا بینک"، اس دے تھلے ٹکسال دا سال اے: "2000"، کھبے تے سجے پاسے اک پودے دی اک سٹائلائزڈ شاخ اے، سجے پاسے کنارے دے نیڑے ٹکسال دا ٹریڈ مارک اے۔ | سال دے سارے سکیاں لئی اک ای اوورس۔ ---- * فرقہ: 2 روبل۔ * مواد: تانبے-نکل مصر ۔ * کل وزن، جی: 5.1۔ * قطر، ملی میٹر: 23.0۔ * موٹائی، ملی میٹر: 1.80۔ |} ==== الٹ ==== ===== لیننگراڈ ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0003R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Москва_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0003R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Москва_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو پیدل فوجی تے حملے دے عمل وچ اک ٹینک دی تصویر اے; اوہناں دے پچھے اک ٹینک اے۔ پس منظر وچ ماسکو کریملن دا اک ٹکڑا اے جس وچ سپاسکایا ٹاور تے [[لینن دا مقبرہ|لینن دا مزار اے]] ۔ سجے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "ماسکو"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0003 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سٹالن گراڈ ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0004R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Новороссийск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0004R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Новороссийск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ حملے دے عمل وچ دو میرینز دی تصویر اے: اک دے ہتھ وچ موسن رائفل اے ، دوجے دے کول بینر اے۔ پچھوکڑ چ اک جہاز دے نال [[کاݪا سمندر|بحیرہ اسود دا]] پینورما اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "NOVOROSSIYSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0004 ۔ * ٹکسال: سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Кунац, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Кунац, Александр Сергеевич">کنٹز</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== ماسکو ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0005R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Тула_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0005R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Тула_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو مزدوراں دی تصویر اے جہڑے اک فیکٹری ورکشاپ وچ ایم 42 توپ جمع کر رئے نیں; اوہناں دے اتے اک کرین ہک اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "TULA"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0005 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Тользин, Эдуард Александрович">اک۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Тользин, Эдуард Александрович">ٹولزن</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== نووروسیسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو فوجیاں دی تصویر اے جہڑے کٹیوشا فیلڈ راکٹ آرٹلری سسٹم نو لوڈ کر رئے نے۔ پس منظر وچ اک اسی طرح دی تنصیب اے جہڑی اک سالوو تیار کردی اے، تے شہر دا سلہوٹ۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "SMOLENSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0006 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">خزوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سمولینسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے وچکار اک سمندری قافلے دے تن ٹرانسپورٹ جہازاں دی تصویر اے، اوہناں چوں اک دے نال اک دھماکے دا چشمہ اے، تے اک ہوائی جہاز اوہناں دے اتے اڈ رہیا اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "MURMANSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0007 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سمولینسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو فوجیاں دی تصویر اے جہڑے کٹیوشا فیلڈ راکٹ آرٹلری سسٹم نو لوڈ کر رئے نے۔ پس منظر وچ اک اسی طرح دی تنصیب اے جہڑی اک سالوو تیار کردی اے، تے شہر دا سلہوٹ۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "SMOLENSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0006 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">خزوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== مرمنسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے وچکار اک سمندری قافلے دے تن ٹرانسپورٹ جہازاں دی تصویر اے، اوہناں چوں اک دے نال اک دھماکے دا چشمہ اے، تے اک ہوائی جہاز اوہناں دے اتے اڈ رہیا اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "MURMANSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0007 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} === 2017 === ==== اوورس ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5710-0018_2_рубля_сталь_2017_аверс.png|link=Файл:RR5710-0018_2_рубля_сталь_2017_аверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو لائناں وچ سکے دا فرق اے: "2 روبل"، تھلے کتبہ اے: "روس دا بینک"، اس دے تھلے ٹکسال دا سال اے: "2017"، کھبے تے سجے پاسے اک پودے دی اک سٹائلائزڈ شاخ اے، سجے پاسے کنارے دے نیڑے ٹکسال دا ٹریڈ مارک اے۔ | سال دے سارے سکیاں لئی سنگل اوورس {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} ۔ ---- * فرقہ: 2 روبل۔ * مواد: [[نکل]] چڑھایا [[فولاد|سٹیل]] ۔ * کل وزن، جی: 5.0۔ * قطر، ملی میٹر: 23.0۔ * موٹائی، ملی میٹر: 1.80۔ |} ==== الٹ ==== ===== کرچ ===== ===== سیواستوپول ===== == تبصرے == {{Refbegin|2}} * {{Книга|ref=Гусев|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B8_%D0%A0/EnFBEQAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=0|заглавие=Каталог монет СССР и России 1918-2023|ответственный=сост. С. О. Гусев|год=2022|язык=ru|издание=16-й вып|место=М.|издательство=CoinsMoscow|всего страниц=224|isbn=978-5-6043383-6-0}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Золотой_червонец_No1_2024/adn-EAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&pg=PA13&printsec=frontcover|ref=Жеренкова|заглавие=«Великая Отечественная война в советской и российской нумизматике»: выставка в Московском университете МВД.|год=2024|ответственный=гл. ред. Ж. Н. Жеренкова|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|издательство=Литас+|тип=журнал|номер=1 (66)|страницы=13|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} * {{Книга|ref=Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|ссылка=https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|заглавие=Памятные монеты России. 2017 : Ежегодный каталог памятных и инвестиционных монет Банка России|ответственный=сост. {{comment|А. И. Лахтиков|Лахтиков, Александр Иванович}}, С. А. Козлов, Н. В. Кочетова|год=2018|часть=|язык=ru|место=М.|издательство=[[Банк России]]|страницы=|всего страниц=78|isbn=5-9286-0042-9|тираж=600|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530171814/https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|archive-date=2023-05-30|url-status=live}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vossoedinenie-kryma-s-rossiey-numizmaticheskiy-aspekt-konflikta-2014-2018-gody|ref=Елохин|автор={{comment|Елохин К. А.|Елохин, Кирилл Александрович}}|заглавие=Воссоединение Крыма с Россией: нумизматический аспект конфликта (2014-2018 годы)|год=2018|язык=ru|издание=Новые исторические перспективы: от Балтики до Тихого океана|номер=4 (13)|страницы=6—27|issn=2587-7984|url-status=live}}{{Свободно|CC BY}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_No4_57_2/ChxXEAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=2%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover|ref=Катаева|заглавие=55-летию Победы посвящается|год=2021|ответственный=гл. ред. А. А. Катаева|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|тип=журнал|номер=4 (58)|страницы=43—44|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == نوٹ == '''ادبی ذرائع''' <references group="ЦБ" responsive="1"></references> '''روسی فیڈریشن دے مرکزی بینک دے ذرائع'''{{Refbegin|2}} * {{Книга|ref=Гусев|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B8_%D0%A0/EnFBEQAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=0|заглавие=Каталог монет СССР и России 1918-2023|ответственный=сост. С. О. Гусев|год=2022|язык=ru|издание=16-й вып|место=М.|издательство=CoinsMoscow|всего страниц=224|isbn=978-5-6043383-6-0}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Золотой_червонец_No1_2024/adn-EAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&pg=PA13&printsec=frontcover|ref=Жеренкова|заглавие=«Великая Отечественная война в советской и российской нумизматике»: выставка в Московском университете МВД.|год=2024|ответственный=гл. ред. Ж. Н. Жеренкова|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|издательство=Литас+|тип=журнал|номер=1 (66)|страницы=13|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} * {{Книга|ref=Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|ссылка=https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|заглавие=Памятные монеты России. 2017 : Ежегодный каталог памятных и инвестиционных монет Банка России|ответственный=сост. {{comment|А. И. Лахтиков|Лахтиков, Александр Иванович}}, С. А. Козлов, Н. В. Кочетова|год=2018|часть=|язык=ru|место=М.|издательство=[[Банк России]]|страницы=|всего страниц=78|isbn=5-9286-0042-9|тираж=600|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530171814/https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|archive-date=2023-05-30|url-status=live}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vossoedinenie-kryma-s-rossiey-numizmaticheskiy-aspekt-konflikta-2014-2018-gody|ref=Елохин|автор={{comment|Елохин К. А.|Елохин, Кирилл Александрович}}|заглавие=Воссоединение Крыма с Россией: нумизматический аспект конфликта (2014-2018 годы)|год=2018|язык=ru|издание=Новые исторические перспективы: от Балтики до Тихого океана|номер=4 (13)|страницы=6—27|issn=2587-7984|url-status=live}}{{Свободно|CC BY}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_No4_57_2/ChxXEAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=2%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover|ref=Катаева|заглавие=55-летию Победы посвящается|год=2021|ответственный=гл. ред. А. А. Катаева|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|тип=журнал|номер=4 (58)|страницы=43—44|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == ادب == {{Монета|Монетный двор=[[Московский монетный двор]], [[Санкт-Петербургский монетный двор]]|Общий тираж=70 млн <ref name = ":0" group = "прим">Монеты 2000 года.</ref>;<br>10 млн <ref name = ":1" group = "прим">Монеты 2017 года.</ref>|Номиналы=|Диаметр=23|Масса=5,1<ref name = ":0" group = "прим">Монеты 2000 года.</ref> [[грамм|г]];<br>5,0<ref name = ":1" group = "прим">Монеты 2017 года.</ref>|Толщина=1,8|Металл=[[Нейзильбер|Медно-никелевый сплав]]<ref name = ":0" group = "прим" />;<br> [[Сталь]] с [[никель|никелевым]] [[гальванотехника|гальваническим]] покрытием<ref name = ":1" group = "прим" />|Страна={{флагификация|Россия}}|Валюта=[[2 рубля]]|Годы чеканки=[[2000 год|2000]], [[2017 год|2017]]|Статус=Выпуск монет прекращён|Число разновидностей=9|Эмитент=[[Банк России]]|Гурт=60 рифлений, разделённые на 12 равных участков, чередующихся с 12 гладкими участками|Название серии=Города-герои|Аверс=RR5010-0001R 2 рубля медно-никелевый 2000 аверс.png|Описание аверса=Единый аверс для всех монет серии|Описание реверса=Изображение с индивидуальным сюжетом у каждой монеты серии, [[Медаль «Золотая Звезда» (СССР)|медаль «Золотая звезда»]], название города-героя|Изображение=RR5010-0002R 2 рубля медно-никелевый 2000 55 лет Победы Сталинград реверс.png|Подпись=Монета, посвящённая городу-герою [[Сталинград|Сталинграду]]|Изображение гурта=|Ширина=250|Число типов=1|Ширина изображения гурта=150|ГруппаСносок=прим}} == باہرلے جوڑ == * О выпуске в обращение монет из недрагоценных металлов  (рус.). cbr.ru. Банк России (18 апреля 2017). Дата обращения: 18 мая 2026. Архивировано 25 июля 2017 года. [[گٹھ:سکے]] [[گٹھ:روس]] mo3la3fvuht87ylqzladd3f6sj1dcxb 708890 708889 2026-07-25T06:15:26Z Abbas dhothar 361 708890 wikitext text/x-wiki   <references responsive="1"></references> '''ادبی ذرائع''' پورے روس چ بغیر کسے پابندی دے ہر قسم دی ادائیگی لئی سکے قانونی ٹینڈر ہن۔   == تریخ == === گردش وچ جاری === سنہ 2000ء وچ [[مشرقی محاذ (دوسری جنگ عظیم)|عظیم محب وطن جنگ]] وچ فتح د‏‏ی 55 ویں سالگرہ دے جشن د‏‏ی تیاری وچ بینک آف روس نے اس تقریب دے لئی وقف بیس میٹلز تو‏ں بنے ہوئے یادگاری سکےآں دا اک سلسلہ جاری کيتا۔ [[سوویت اتحاد دی تحلیل|یو ایس ایس آر دے خاتمے]] دے بعد اس وقت روس دا حصہ سن جو یو ایس ایس آر دے 12 ہیرو شہراں وچو ں 7 دے لئی وقف سکےآں دا اک سلسلہ جاری کيتا گیا سی : [[سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ|لینن گراڈ]] ، [[وولگوگراد|اسٹالن گراڈ]] ، [[ماسکو]] ، [[نووروسسک|نووروسیسک]] ، [[ٹولا|تولا]] ، سمولینسک تے مرمنسک {{Sfn|Катаева|2021}} ۔ 2017 وچ، بینک آف روس نے [[کریمیا]] وچ واقع ہیرو شہراں دیاں تصویراں دے نال دو سکے جاری کرکے ہیرو شہراں دے سکیاں دی سیریز نو ودھایا - کرچ تے [[سواستوپول|سیواستوپول]] {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} {{Sfn|Елохин|2018}} [ تبصرہ 1 ] ۔ سکیاں دا ڈیزائن اوہی رہیا {{Sfn|Катаева|2021}} ۔ <references group="Комм." responsive="1"></references> <references group="ЦБ" responsive="1"></references> === صفتاں === ایہ سیریز بنیادی دھاتاں نال بنے یادگاری سکیاں توں مراد اے۔ سکیاں دا مواد تانبے-نکل مصر ( نکل چاندی ) اے۔ سکیاں چ 2 روبل سکیاں لئی معیاری پیرامیٹرز ہن: قطر 23.00 ملی میٹر، موٹائی 1.80 ملی میٹر، وزن 5.1 جی۔ ہر قسم دی گردش 10 ملین کاپیاں اے۔ ہر اک چ ماسکو یا سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ ٹکسال دا نشان اے۔ 2017 دے سکیاں چ دھات چ تبدیلیاں آئیاں۔ اس سال اوہ [[نکل]] چڑھایا [[فولاد|سٹیل]] نال بنائے گئے سن۔ سکیاں دا وزن گھٹا کے 5 گرام کر دتا گیا سی، جد کہ دوجیاں خصوصیات اوہی رہیاں۔ سکیاں دی گردش ہر قسم دے 5 ملین ٹکڑیاں تک گھٹ گئی {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} ۔ === ردعمل === 2017 وچ، کرچ تے سیواستوپول دے لئی وقف سکے، کیونجے کریمیا وچ واقع اشیاء دی تصویراں تے مشتمل سن، جو روس نے الحاق کیتے سن ، پورے [[یوکرین]] وچ نقد رقم تے کرنسی دے تبادلے دے لین دین توں پابندی عائد کر دتی گئی سی۔ ایہ اقدام ملک دی خود مختاری تے علاقائی سالمیت دے تحفظ دے ذریعہ جائز اے {{Sfn|Елохин|2018}} ۔ '''روسی فیڈریشن دے مرکزی بینک دے ذرائع''' مجموعہ دی قیمت دے نقطہ نظر توں، 2000 سیریز دے سکیاں دی قیمت 200-350 روبل توں ودھ نئیں اے {{Sfn|Гусев|2022}} ، تے 2017 دے سکے 20 روبل توں زیادہ نئیں {{Sfn|Гусев|2022}} ۔ == سکے == === 2000 === ==== اوورس ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0001R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_аверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0001R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_аверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو لائناں وچ سکے دا فرق اے: "2 روبل"، تھلے کتبہ اے: "روس دا بینک"، اس دے تھلے ٹکسال دا سال اے: "2000"، کھبے تے سجے پاسے اک پودے دی اک سٹائلائزڈ شاخ اے، سجے پاسے کنارے دے نیڑے ٹکسال دا ٹریڈ مارک اے۔ | سال دے سارے سکیاں لئی اک ای اوورس۔ ---- * فرقہ: 2 روبل۔ * مواد: تانبے-نکل مصر ۔ * کل وزن، جی: 5.1۔ * قطر، ملی میٹر: 23.0۔ * موٹائی، ملی میٹر: 1.80۔ |} ==== الٹ ==== ===== لیننگراڈ ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0003R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Москва_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0003R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Москва_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو پیدل فوجی تے حملے دے عمل وچ اک ٹینک دی تصویر اے; اوہناں دے پچھے اک ٹینک اے۔ پس منظر وچ ماسکو کریملن دا اک ٹکڑا اے جس وچ سپاسکایا ٹاور تے [[لینن دا مقبرہ|لینن دا مزار اے]] ۔ سجے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "ماسکو"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0003 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سٹالن گراڈ ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0004R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Новороссийск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0004R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Новороссийск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ حملے دے عمل وچ دو میرینز دی تصویر اے: اک دے ہتھ وچ موسن رائفل اے ، دوجے دے کول بینر اے۔ پچھوکڑ چ اک جہاز دے نال [[کاݪا سمندر|بحیرہ اسود دا]] پینورما اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "NOVOROSSIYSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0004 ۔ * ٹکسال: سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Кунац, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Кунац, Александр Сергеевич">کنٹز</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== ماسکو ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0005R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Тула_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0005R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Тула_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو مزدوراں دی تصویر اے جہڑے اک فیکٹری ورکشاپ وچ ایم 42 توپ جمع کر رئے نیں; اوہناں دے اتے اک کرین ہک اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "TULA"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0005 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Тользин, Эдуард Александрович">اک۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Тользин, Эдуард Александрович">ٹولزن</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== نووروسیسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو فوجیاں دی تصویر اے جہڑے کٹیوشا فیلڈ راکٹ آرٹلری سسٹم نو لوڈ کر رئے نے۔ پس منظر وچ اک اسی طرح دی تنصیب اے جہڑی اک سالوو تیار کردی اے، تے شہر دا سلہوٹ۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "SMOLENSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0006 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">خزوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سمولینسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے وچکار اک سمندری قافلے دے تن ٹرانسپورٹ جہازاں دی تصویر اے، اوہناں چوں اک دے نال اک دھماکے دا چشمہ اے، تے اک ہوائی جہاز اوہناں دے اتے اڈ رہیا اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "MURMANSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0007 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سمولینسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو فوجیاں دی تصویر اے جہڑے کٹیوشا فیلڈ راکٹ آرٹلری سسٹم نو لوڈ کر رئے نے۔ پس منظر وچ اک اسی طرح دی تنصیب اے جہڑی اک سالوو تیار کردی اے، تے شہر دا سلہوٹ۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "SMOLENSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0006 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">خزوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== مرمنسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے وچکار اک سمندری قافلے دے تن ٹرانسپورٹ جہازاں دی تصویر اے، اوہناں چوں اک دے نال اک دھماکے دا چشمہ اے، تے اک ہوائی جہاز اوہناں دے اتے اڈ رہیا اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "MURMANSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0007 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} === 2017 === ==== اوورس ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5710-0018_2_рубля_сталь_2017_аверс.png|link=Файл:RR5710-0018_2_рубля_сталь_2017_аверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو لائناں وچ سکے دا فرق اے: "2 روبل"، تھلے کتبہ اے: "روس دا بینک"، اس دے تھلے ٹکسال دا سال اے: "2017"، کھبے تے سجے پاسے اک پودے دی اک سٹائلائزڈ شاخ اے، سجے پاسے کنارے دے نیڑے ٹکسال دا ٹریڈ مارک اے۔ | سال دے سارے سکیاں لئی سنگل اوورس {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} ۔ ---- * فرقہ: 2 روبل۔ * مواد: [[نکل]] چڑھایا [[فولاد|سٹیل]] ۔ * کل وزن، جی: 5.0۔ * قطر، ملی میٹر: 23.0۔ * موٹائی، ملی میٹر: 1.80۔ |} ==== الٹ ==== ===== کرچ ===== ===== سیواستوپول ===== == تبصرے == {{Refbegin|2}} * {{Книга|ref=Гусев|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B8_%D0%A0/EnFBEQAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=0|заглавие=Каталог монет СССР и России 1918-2023|ответственный=сост. С. О. Гусев|год=2022|язык=ru|издание=16-й вып|место=М.|издательство=CoinsMoscow|всего страниц=224|isbn=978-5-6043383-6-0}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Золотой_червонец_No1_2024/adn-EAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&pg=PA13&printsec=frontcover|ref=Жеренкова|заглавие=«Великая Отечественная война в советской и российской нумизматике»: выставка в Московском университете МВД.|год=2024|ответственный=гл. ред. Ж. Н. Жеренкова|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|издательство=Литас+|тип=журнал|номер=1 (66)|страницы=13|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} * {{Книга|ref=Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|ссылка=https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|заглавие=Памятные монеты России. 2017 : Ежегодный каталог памятных и инвестиционных монет Банка России|ответственный=сост. {{comment|А. И. Лахтиков|Лахтиков, Александр Иванович}}, С. А. Козлов, Н. В. Кочетова|год=2018|часть=|язык=ru|место=М.|издательство=[[Банк России]]|страницы=|всего страниц=78|isbn=5-9286-0042-9|тираж=600|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530171814/https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|archive-date=2023-05-30|url-status=live}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vossoedinenie-kryma-s-rossiey-numizmaticheskiy-aspekt-konflikta-2014-2018-gody|ref=Елохин|автор={{comment|Елохин К. А.|Елохин, Кирилл Александрович}}|заглавие=Воссоединение Крыма с Россией: нумизматический аспект конфликта (2014-2018 годы)|год=2018|язык=ru|издание=Новые исторические перспективы: от Балтики до Тихого океана|номер=4 (13)|страницы=6—27|issn=2587-7984|url-status=live}}{{Свободно|CC BY}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_No4_57_2/ChxXEAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=2%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover|ref=Катаева|заглавие=55-летию Победы посвящается|год=2021|ответственный=гл. ред. А. А. Катаева|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|тип=журнал|номер=4 (58)|страницы=43—44|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == نوٹ == '''ادبی ذرائع''' <references group="ЦБ" responsive="1"></references> '''روسی فیڈریشن دے مرکزی بینک دے ذرائع'''{{Refbegin|2}} * {{Книга|ref=Гусев|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B8_%D0%A0/EnFBEQAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=0|заглавие=Каталог монет СССР и России 1918-2023|ответственный=сост. С. О. Гусев|год=2022|язык=ru|издание=16-й вып|место=М.|издательство=CoinsMoscow|всего страниц=224|isbn=978-5-6043383-6-0}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Золотой_червонец_No1_2024/adn-EAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&pg=PA13&printsec=frontcover|ref=Жеренкова|заглавие=«Великая Отечественная война в советской и российской нумизматике»: выставка в Московском университете МВД.|год=2024|ответственный=гл. ред. Ж. Н. Жеренкова|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|издательство=Литас+|тип=журнал|номер=1 (66)|страницы=13|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} * {{Книга|ref=Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|ссылка=https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|заглавие=Памятные монеты России. 2017 : Ежегодный каталог памятных и инвестиционных монет Банка России|ответственный=сост. {{comment|А. И. Лахтиков|Лахтиков, Александр Иванович}}, С. А. Козлов, Н. В. Кочетова|год=2018|часть=|язык=ru|место=М.|издательство=[[Банк России]]|страницы=|всего страниц=78|isbn=5-9286-0042-9|тираж=600|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530171814/https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|archive-date=2023-05-30|url-status=live}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vossoedinenie-kryma-s-rossiey-numizmaticheskiy-aspekt-konflikta-2014-2018-gody|ref=Елохин|автор={{comment|Елохин К. А.|Елохин, Кирилл Александрович}}|заглавие=Воссоединение Крыма с Россией: нумизматический аспект конфликта (2014-2018 годы)|год=2018|язык=ru|издание=Новые исторические перспективы: от Балтики до Тихого океана|номер=4 (13)|страницы=6—27|issn=2587-7984|url-status=live}}{{Свободно|CC BY}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_No4_57_2/ChxXEAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=2%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover|ref=Катаева|заглавие=55-летию Победы посвящается|год=2021|ответственный=гл. ред. А. А. Катаева|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|тип=журнал|номер=4 (58)|страницы=43—44|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == ادب == {{Монета|Монетный двор=[[Московский монетный двор]], [[Санкт-Петербургский монетный двор]]|Общий тираж=70 млн <ref name = ":0" group = "прим">Монеты 2000 года.</ref>;<br>10 млн <ref name = ":1" group = "прим">Монеты 2017 года.</ref>|Номиналы=|Диаметр=23|Масса=5,1<ref name = ":0" group = "прим">Монеты 2000 года.</ref> [[грамм|г]];<br>5,0<ref name = ":1" group = "прим">Монеты 2017 года.</ref>|Толщина=1,8|Металл=[[Нейзильбер|Медно-никелевый сплав]]<ref name = ":0" group = "прим" />;<br> [[Сталь]] с [[никель|никелевым]] [[гальванотехника|гальваническим]] покрытием<ref name = ":1" group = "прим" />|Страна={{флагификация|Россия}}|Валюта=[[2 рубля]]|Годы чеканки=[[2000 год|2000]], [[2017 год|2017]]|Статус=Выпуск монет прекращён|Число разновидностей=9|Эмитент=[[Банк России]]|Гурт=60 рифлений, разделённые на 12 равных участков, чередующихся с 12 гладкими участками|Название серии=Города-герои|Аверс=RR5010-0001R 2 рубля медно-никелевый 2000 аверс.png|Описание аверса=Единый аверс для всех монет серии|Описание реверса=Изображение с индивидуальным сюжетом у каждой монеты серии, [[Медаль «Золотая Звезда» (СССР)|медаль «Золотая звезда»]], название города-героя|Изображение=RR5010-0002R 2 рубля медно-никелевый 2000 55 лет Победы Сталинград реверс.png|Подпись=Монета, посвящённая городу-герою [[Сталинград|Сталинграду]]|Изображение гурта=|Ширина=250|Число типов=1|Ширина изображения гурта=150|ГруппаСносок=прим}} == باہرلے جوڑ == * О выпуске в обращение монет из недрагоценных металлов  (рус.). cbr.ru. Банк России (18 апреля 2017). Дата обращения: 18 мая 2026. Архивировано 25 июля 2017 года. [[گٹھ:سکے]] [[گٹھ:روس]] 67sz1b74ws0mn27p4e42m6wv5d63j9y 708891 708890 2026-07-25T06:24:30Z Abbas dhothar 361 708891 wikitext text/x-wiki "ہیرو شہر" روسی فیڈریشن دے مرکزی بینک ولوں 2000ء تے 2017ء چ جاری کردہ یادگاری سکےآں دا اک سلسلہ اے ، جہڑا یو ایس ایس آر دے ہیرو شہراں دے طور تے نامزد روسی شہراں لئی وقف اے ۔ سکے پورے روس چ بغیر کسے پابندی دے ہر قسم دی ادائیگی لئی قانونی کرنسی اے۔   == تریخ == === گردش وچ جاری === سنہ 2000ء وچ [[مشرقی محاذ (دوسری جنگ عظیم)|عظیم محب وطن جنگ]] وچ فتح د‏‏ی 55 ویں سالگرہ دے جشن د‏‏ی تیاری وچ بینک آف روس نے اس تقریب دے لئی وقف بیس میٹلز تو‏ں بنے ہوئے یادگاری سکےآں دا اک سلسلہ جاری کيتا۔ [[سوویت اتحاد دی تحلیل|یو ایس ایس آر دے خاتمے]] دے بعد اس وقت روس دا حصہ سن جو یو ایس ایس آر دے 12 ہیرو شہراں وچو ں 7 دے لئی وقف سکےآں دا اک سلسلہ جاری کيتا گیا سی : [[سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ|لینن گراڈ]] ، [[وولگوگراد|اسٹالن گراڈ]] ، [[ماسکو]] ، [[نووروسسک|نووروسیسک]] ، [[ٹولا|تولا]] ، سمولینسک تے مرمنسک {{Sfn|Катаева|2021}} ۔ 2017 وچ، بینک آف روس نے [[کریمیا]] وچ واقع ہیرو شہراں دیاں تصویراں دے نال دو سکے جاری کرکے ہیرو شہراں دے سکیاں دی سیریز نو ودھایا - کرچ تے [[سواستوپول|سیواستوپول]] {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} {{Sfn|Елохин|2018}} [ تبصرہ 1 ] ۔ سکیاں دا ڈیزائن اوہی رہیا {{Sfn|Катаева|2021}} ۔ <references group="Комм." responsive="1"></references> <references group="ЦБ" responsive="1"></references> === صفتاں === ایہ سیریز بنیادی دھاتاں نال بنے یادگاری سکیاں توں مراد اے۔ سکیاں دا مواد تانبے-نکل مصر ( نکل چاندی ) اے۔ سکیاں چ 2 روبل سکیاں لئی معیاری پیرامیٹرز ہن: قطر 23.00 ملی میٹر، موٹائی 1.80 ملی میٹر، وزن 5.1 جی۔ ہر قسم دی گردش 10 ملین کاپیاں اے۔ ہر اک چ ماسکو یا سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ ٹکسال دا نشان اے۔ 2017 دے سکیاں چ دھات چ تبدیلیاں آئیاں۔ اس سال اوہ [[نکل]] چڑھایا [[فولاد|سٹیل]] نال بنائے گئے سن۔ سکیاں دا وزن گھٹا کے 5 گرام کر دتا گیا سی، جد کہ دوجیاں خصوصیات اوہی رہیاں۔ سکیاں دی گردش ہر قسم دے 5 ملین ٹکڑیاں تک گھٹ گئی {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} ۔ === ردعمل === 2017 وچ، کرچ تے سیواستوپول دے لئی وقف سکے، کیونجے کریمیا وچ واقع اشیاء دی تصویراں تے مشتمل سن، جو روس نے الحاق کیتے سن ، پورے [[یوکرین]] وچ نقد رقم تے کرنسی دے تبادلے دے لین دین توں پابندی عائد کر دتی گئی سی۔ ایہ اقدام ملک دی خود مختاری تے علاقائی سالمیت دے تحفظ دے ذریعہ جائز اے {{Sfn|Елохин|2018}} ۔ 2024 وچ ، سیریز دے سکےآں دا اک سیٹ "سوویت تے روسی سکےآں وچ عظیم محب وطن جنگ" د ی نمائش دا حصہ سی ، جو وزارت داخلہ دے یونیورسٹی وچ ماسکو سکےآں د ی سوسائٹی دے ذریعہ منعقد کيتا گیا سی تے اس دا مقصد روس دے ثقافتی تے تاریخی ورثے نو‏‏ں محفوظ رکھنا تے فادر لینڈ دے دفاع نو‏‏ں فروغ دینا سی [6] ۔ کلیکٹر ویلیو دے نقطہ نظر توں، 2000 سیریز دے سکیاں دی قیمت 200-350 روبل توں ودھ نئیں اے {{Sfn|Гусев|2022}} ، تے 2017 دے سکے 20 روبل توں زیادہ نئیں {{Sfn|Гусев|2022}} ۔ == سکے == === 2000 === ==== اوورس ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0001R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_аверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0001R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_аверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو لائناں وچ سکے دا فرق اے: "2 روبل"، تھلے کتبہ اے: "روس دا بینک"، اس دے تھلے ٹکسال دا سال اے: "2000"، کھبے تے سجے پاسے اک پودے دی اک سٹائلائزڈ شاخ اے، سجے پاسے کنارے دے نیڑے ٹکسال دا ٹریڈ مارک اے۔ | سال دے سارے سکیاں لئی اک ای اوورس۔ ---- * فرقہ: 2 روبل۔ * مواد: تانبے-نکل مصر ۔ * کل وزن، جی: 5.1۔ * قطر، ملی میٹر: 23.0۔ * موٹائی، ملی میٹر: 1.80۔ |} ==== الٹ ==== ===== لیننگراڈ ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0003R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Москва_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0003R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Москва_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو پیدل فوجی تے حملے دے عمل وچ اک ٹینک دی تصویر اے; اوہناں دے پچھے اک ٹینک اے۔ پس منظر وچ ماسکو کریملن دا اک ٹکڑا اے جس وچ سپاسکایا ٹاور تے [[لینن دا مقبرہ|لینن دا مزار اے]] ۔ سجے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "ماسکو"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0003 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سٹالن گراڈ ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0004R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Новороссийск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0004R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Новороссийск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ حملے دے عمل وچ دو میرینز دی تصویر اے: اک دے ہتھ وچ موسن رائفل اے ، دوجے دے کول بینر اے۔ پچھوکڑ چ اک جہاز دے نال [[کاݪا سمندر|بحیرہ اسود دا]] پینورما اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "NOVOROSSIYSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0004 ۔ * ٹکسال: سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Кунац, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Кунац, Александр Сергеевич">کنٹز</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== ماسکو ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0005R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Тула_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0005R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Тула_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو مزدوراں دی تصویر اے جہڑے اک فیکٹری ورکشاپ وچ ایم 42 توپ جمع کر رئے نیں; اوہناں دے اتے اک کرین ہک اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "TULA"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0005 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Тользин, Эдуард Александрович">اک۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Тользин, Эдуард Александрович">ٹولزن</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== نووروسیسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو فوجیاں دی تصویر اے جہڑے کٹیوشا فیلڈ راکٹ آرٹلری سسٹم نو لوڈ کر رئے نے۔ پس منظر وچ اک اسی طرح دی تنصیب اے جہڑی اک سالوو تیار کردی اے، تے شہر دا سلہوٹ۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "SMOLENSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0006 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">خزوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سمولینسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے وچکار اک سمندری قافلے دے تن ٹرانسپورٹ جہازاں دی تصویر اے، اوہناں چوں اک دے نال اک دھماکے دا چشمہ اے، تے اک ہوائی جہاز اوہناں دے اتے اڈ رہیا اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "MURMANSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0007 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سمولینسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو فوجیاں دی تصویر اے جہڑے کٹیوشا فیلڈ راکٹ آرٹلری سسٹم نو لوڈ کر رئے نے۔ پس منظر وچ اک اسی طرح دی تنصیب اے جہڑی اک سالوو تیار کردی اے، تے شہر دا سلہوٹ۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "SMOLENSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0006 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">خزوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== مرمنسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے وچکار اک سمندری قافلے دے تن ٹرانسپورٹ جہازاں دی تصویر اے، اوہناں چوں اک دے نال اک دھماکے دا چشمہ اے، تے اک ہوائی جہاز اوہناں دے اتے اڈ رہیا اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "MURMANSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0007 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} === 2017 === ==== اوورس ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5710-0018_2_рубля_сталь_2017_аверс.png|link=Файл:RR5710-0018_2_рубля_сталь_2017_аверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو لائناں وچ سکے دا فرق اے: "2 روبل"، تھلے کتبہ اے: "روس دا بینک"، اس دے تھلے ٹکسال دا سال اے: "2017"، کھبے تے سجے پاسے اک پودے دی اک سٹائلائزڈ شاخ اے، سجے پاسے کنارے دے نیڑے ٹکسال دا ٹریڈ مارک اے۔ | سال دے سارے سکیاں لئی سنگل اوورس {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} ۔ ---- * فرقہ: 2 روبل۔ * مواد: [[نکل]] چڑھایا [[فولاد|سٹیل]] ۔ * کل وزن، جی: 5.0۔ * قطر، ملی میٹر: 23.0۔ * موٹائی، ملی میٹر: 1.80۔ |} ==== الٹ ==== ===== کرچ ===== ===== سیواستوپول ===== == تبصرے == {{Refbegin|2}} * {{Книга|ref=Гусев|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B8_%D0%A0/EnFBEQAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=0|заглавие=Каталог монет СССР и России 1918-2023|ответственный=сост. С. О. Гусев|год=2022|язык=ru|издание=16-й вып|место=М.|издательство=CoinsMoscow|всего страниц=224|isbn=978-5-6043383-6-0}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Золотой_червонец_No1_2024/adn-EAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&pg=PA13&printsec=frontcover|ref=Жеренкова|заглавие=«Великая Отечественная война в советской и российской нумизматике»: выставка в Московском университете МВД.|год=2024|ответственный=гл. ред. Ж. Н. Жеренкова|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|издательство=Литас+|тип=журнал|номер=1 (66)|страницы=13|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} * {{Книга|ref=Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|ссылка=https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|заглавие=Памятные монеты России. 2017 : Ежегодный каталог памятных и инвестиционных монет Банка России|ответственный=сост. {{comment|А. И. Лахтиков|Лахтиков, Александр Иванович}}, С. А. Козлов, Н. В. Кочетова|год=2018|часть=|язык=ru|место=М.|издательство=[[Банк России]]|страницы=|всего страниц=78|isbn=5-9286-0042-9|тираж=600|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530171814/https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|archive-date=2023-05-30|url-status=live}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vossoedinenie-kryma-s-rossiey-numizmaticheskiy-aspekt-konflikta-2014-2018-gody|ref=Елохин|автор={{comment|Елохин К. А.|Елохин, Кирилл Александрович}}|заглавие=Воссоединение Крыма с Россией: нумизматический аспект конфликта (2014-2018 годы)|год=2018|язык=ru|издание=Новые исторические перспективы: от Балтики до Тихого океана|номер=4 (13)|страницы=6—27|issn=2587-7984|url-status=live}}{{Свободно|CC BY}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_No4_57_2/ChxXEAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=2%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover|ref=Катаева|заглавие=55-летию Победы посвящается|год=2021|ответственный=гл. ред. А. А. Катаева|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|тип=журнал|номер=4 (58)|страницы=43—44|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == نوٹ == '''ادبی ذرائع''' <references group="ЦБ" responsive="1"></references> '''روسی فیڈریشن دے مرکزی بینک دے ذرائع'''{{Refbegin|2}} * {{Книга|ref=Гусев|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B8_%D0%A0/EnFBEQAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=0|заглавие=Каталог монет СССР и России 1918-2023|ответственный=сост. С. О. Гусев|год=2022|язык=ru|издание=16-й вып|место=М.|издательство=CoinsMoscow|всего страниц=224|isbn=978-5-6043383-6-0}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Золотой_червонец_No1_2024/adn-EAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&pg=PA13&printsec=frontcover|ref=Жеренкова|заглавие=«Великая Отечественная война в советской и российской нумизматике»: выставка в Московском университете МВД.|год=2024|ответственный=гл. ред. Ж. Н. Жеренкова|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|издательство=Литас+|тип=журнал|номер=1 (66)|страницы=13|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} * {{Книга|ref=Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|ссылка=https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|заглавие=Памятные монеты России. 2017 : Ежегодный каталог памятных и инвестиционных монет Банка России|ответственный=сост. {{comment|А. И. Лахтиков|Лахтиков, Александр Иванович}}, С. А. Козлов, Н. В. Кочетова|год=2018|часть=|язык=ru|место=М.|издательство=[[Банк России]]|страницы=|всего страниц=78|isbn=5-9286-0042-9|тираж=600|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530171814/https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|archive-date=2023-05-30|url-status=live}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vossoedinenie-kryma-s-rossiey-numizmaticheskiy-aspekt-konflikta-2014-2018-gody|ref=Елохин|автор={{comment|Елохин К. А.|Елохин, Кирилл Александрович}}|заглавие=Воссоединение Крыма с Россией: нумизматический аспект конфликта (2014-2018 годы)|год=2018|язык=ru|издание=Новые исторические перспективы: от Балтики до Тихого океана|номер=4 (13)|страницы=6—27|issn=2587-7984|url-status=live}}{{Свободно|CC BY}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_No4_57_2/ChxXEAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=2%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover|ref=Катаева|заглавие=55-летию Победы посвящается|год=2021|ответственный=гл. ред. А. А. Катаева|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|тип=журнал|номер=4 (58)|страницы=43—44|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == ادب == {{Монета|Монетный двор=[[Московский монетный двор]], [[Санкт-Петербургский монетный двор]]|Общий тираж=70 млн <ref name = ":0" group = "прим">Монеты 2000 года.</ref>;<br>10 млн <ref name = ":1" group = "прим">Монеты 2017 года.</ref>|Номиналы=|Диаметр=23|Масса=5,1<ref name = ":0" group = "прим">Монеты 2000 года.</ref> [[грамм|г]];<br>5,0<ref name = ":1" group = "прим">Монеты 2017 года.</ref>|Толщина=1,8|Металл=[[Нейзильбер|Медно-никелевый сплав]]<ref name = ":0" group = "прим" />;<br> [[Сталь]] с [[никель|никелевым]] [[гальванотехника|гальваническим]] покрытием<ref name = ":1" group = "прим" />|Страна={{флагификация|Россия}}|Валюта=[[2 рубля]]|Годы чеканки=[[2000 год|2000]], [[2017 год|2017]]|Статус=Выпуск монет прекращён|Число разновидностей=9|Эмитент=[[Банк России]]|Гурт=60 рифлений, разделённые на 12 равных участков, чередующихся с 12 гладкими участками|Название серии=Города-герои|Аверс=RR5010-0001R 2 рубля медно-никелевый 2000 аверс.png|Описание аверса=Единый аверс для всех монет серии|Описание реверса=Изображение с индивидуальным сюжетом у каждой монеты серии, [[Медаль «Золотая Звезда» (СССР)|медаль «Золотая звезда»]], название города-героя|Изображение=RR5010-0002R 2 рубля медно-никелевый 2000 55 лет Победы Сталинград реверс.png|Подпись=Монета, посвящённая городу-герою [[Сталинград|Сталинграду]]|Изображение гурта=|Ширина=250|Число типов=1|Ширина изображения гурта=150|ГруппаСносок=прим}} == باہرلے جوڑ == * О выпуске в обращение монет из недрагоценных металлов  (рус.). cbr.ru. Банк России (18 апреля 2017). Дата обращения: 18 мая 2026. Архивировано 25 июля 2017 года. [[گٹھ:سکے]] [[گٹھ:روس]] r1c95k2uca2k3a9au78pbr3b4e52u78 708892 708891 2026-07-25T06:25:33Z Abbas dhothar 361 708892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{معلومات-شہر}}"ہیرو شہر" روسی فیڈریشن دے مرکزی بینک ولوں 2000ء تے 2017ء چ جاری کردہ یادگاری سکےآں دا اک سلسلہ اے ، جہڑا یو ایس ایس آر دے ہیرو شہراں دے طور تے نامزد روسی شہراں لئی وقف اے ۔ سکے پورے روس چ بغیر کسے پابندی دے ہر قسم دی ادائیگی لئی قانونی کرنسی اے۔   == تریخ == === گردش وچ جاری === سنہ 2000ء وچ [[مشرقی محاذ (دوسری جنگ عظیم)|عظیم محب وطن جنگ]] وچ فتح د‏‏ی 55 ویں سالگرہ دے جشن د‏‏ی تیاری وچ بینک آف روس نے اس تقریب دے لئی وقف بیس میٹلز تو‏ں بنے ہوئے یادگاری سکےآں دا اک سلسلہ جاری کيتا۔ [[سوویت اتحاد دی تحلیل|یو ایس ایس آر دے خاتمے]] دے بعد اس وقت روس دا حصہ سن جو یو ایس ایس آر دے 12 ہیرو شہراں وچو ں 7 دے لئی وقف سکےآں دا اک سلسلہ جاری کيتا گیا سی : [[سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ|لینن گراڈ]] ، [[وولگوگراد|اسٹالن گراڈ]] ، [[ماسکو]] ، [[نووروسسک|نووروسیسک]] ، [[ٹولا|تولا]] ، سمولینسک تے مرمنسک {{Sfn|Катаева|2021}} ۔ 2017 وچ، بینک آف روس نے [[کریمیا]] وچ واقع ہیرو شہراں دیاں تصویراں دے نال دو سکے جاری کرکے ہیرو شہراں دے سکیاں دی سیریز نو ودھایا - کرچ تے [[سواستوپول|سیواستوپول]] {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} {{Sfn|Елохин|2018}} [ تبصرہ 1 ] ۔ سکیاں دا ڈیزائن اوہی رہیا {{Sfn|Катаева|2021}} ۔ <references group="Комм." responsive="1"></references> <references group="ЦБ" responsive="1"></references> === صفتاں === ایہ سیریز بنیادی دھاتاں نال بنے یادگاری سکیاں توں مراد اے۔ سکیاں دا مواد تانبے-نکل مصر ( نکل چاندی ) اے۔ سکیاں چ 2 روبل سکیاں لئی معیاری پیرامیٹرز ہن: قطر 23.00 ملی میٹر، موٹائی 1.80 ملی میٹر، وزن 5.1 جی۔ ہر قسم دی گردش 10 ملین کاپیاں اے۔ ہر اک چ ماسکو یا سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ ٹکسال دا نشان اے۔ 2017 دے سکیاں چ دھات چ تبدیلیاں آئیاں۔ اس سال اوہ [[نکل]] چڑھایا [[فولاد|سٹیل]] نال بنائے گئے سن۔ سکیاں دا وزن گھٹا کے 5 گرام کر دتا گیا سی، جد کہ دوجیاں خصوصیات اوہی رہیاں۔ سکیاں دی گردش ہر قسم دے 5 ملین ٹکڑیاں تک گھٹ گئی {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} ۔ === ردعمل === 2017 وچ، کرچ تے سیواستوپول دے لئی وقف سکے، کیونجے کریمیا وچ واقع اشیاء دی تصویراں تے مشتمل سن، جو روس نے الحاق کیتے سن ، پورے [[یوکرین]] وچ نقد رقم تے کرنسی دے تبادلے دے لین دین توں پابندی عائد کر دتی گئی سی۔ ایہ اقدام ملک دی خود مختاری تے علاقائی سالمیت دے تحفظ دے ذریعہ جائز اے {{Sfn|Елохин|2018}} ۔ 2024 وچ ، سیریز دے سکےآں دا اک سیٹ "سوویت تے روسی سکےآں وچ عظیم محب وطن جنگ" د ی نمائش دا حصہ سی ، جو وزارت داخلہ دے یونیورسٹی وچ ماسکو سکےآں د ی سوسائٹی دے ذریعہ منعقد کيتا گیا سی تے اس دا مقصد روس دے ثقافتی تے تاریخی ورثے نو‏‏ں محفوظ رکھنا تے فادر لینڈ دے دفاع نو‏‏ں فروغ دینا سی [6] ۔ کلیکٹر ویلیو دے نقطہ نظر توں، 2000 سیریز دے سکیاں دی قیمت 200-350 روبل توں ودھ نئیں اے {{Sfn|Гусев|2022}} ، تے 2017 دے سکے 20 روبل توں زیادہ نئیں {{Sfn|Гусев|2022}} ۔ == سکے == === 2000 === ==== اوورس ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0001R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_аверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0001R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_аверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو لائناں وچ سکے دا فرق اے: "2 روبل"، تھلے کتبہ اے: "روس دا بینک"، اس دے تھلے ٹکسال دا سال اے: "2000"، کھبے تے سجے پاسے اک پودے دی اک سٹائلائزڈ شاخ اے، سجے پاسے کنارے دے نیڑے ٹکسال دا ٹریڈ مارک اے۔ | سال دے سارے سکیاں لئی اک ای اوورس۔ ---- * فرقہ: 2 روبل۔ * مواد: تانبے-نکل مصر ۔ * کل وزن، جی: 5.1۔ * قطر، ملی میٹر: 23.0۔ * موٹائی، ملی میٹر: 1.80۔ |} ==== الٹ ==== ===== لیننگراڈ ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0003R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Москва_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0003R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Москва_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو پیدل فوجی تے حملے دے عمل وچ اک ٹینک دی تصویر اے; اوہناں دے پچھے اک ٹینک اے۔ پس منظر وچ ماسکو کریملن دا اک ٹکڑا اے جس وچ سپاسکایا ٹاور تے [[لینن دا مقبرہ|لینن دا مزار اے]] ۔ سجے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "ماسکو"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0003 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سٹالن گراڈ ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0004R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Новороссийск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0004R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Новороссийск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ حملے دے عمل وچ دو میرینز دی تصویر اے: اک دے ہتھ وچ موسن رائفل اے ، دوجے دے کول بینر اے۔ پچھوکڑ چ اک جہاز دے نال [[کاݪا سمندر|بحیرہ اسود دا]] پینورما اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "NOVOROSSIYSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0004 ۔ * ٹکسال: سینٹ پیٹرزبرگ ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Кунац, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Кунац, Александр Сергеевич">کنٹز</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== ماسکو ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0005R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Тула_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0005R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Тула_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو مزدوراں دی تصویر اے جہڑے اک فیکٹری ورکشاپ وچ ایم 42 توپ جمع کر رئے نیں; اوہناں دے اتے اک کرین ہک اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "TULA"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0005 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Тользин, Эдуард Александрович">اک۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Тользин, Эдуард Александрович">ٹولزن</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== نووروسیسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو فوجیاں دی تصویر اے جہڑے کٹیوشا فیلڈ راکٹ آرٹلری سسٹم نو لوڈ کر رئے نے۔ پس منظر وچ اک اسی طرح دی تنصیب اے جہڑی اک سالوو تیار کردی اے، تے شہر دا سلہوٹ۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "SMOLENSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0006 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">خزوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سمولینسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے وچکار اک سمندری قافلے دے تن ٹرانسپورٹ جہازاں دی تصویر اے، اوہناں چوں اک دے نال اک دھماکے دا چشمہ اے، تے اک ہوائی جہاز اوہناں دے اتے اڈ رہیا اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "MURMANSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0007 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== سمولینسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0006R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Смоленск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو فوجیاں دی تصویر اے جہڑے کٹیوشا فیلڈ راکٹ آرٹلری سسٹم نو لوڈ کر رئے نے۔ پس منظر وچ اک اسی طرح دی تنصیب اے جہڑی اک سالوو تیار کردی اے، تے شہر دا سلہوٹ۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "SMOLENSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0006 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Хазов, Александр Сергеевич">خزوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} ===== مرمنسک ===== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|link=Файл:RR5010-0007R_2_рубля_медно-никелевый_2000_55_лет_Победы_Мурманск_реверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے وچکار اک سمندری قافلے دے تن ٹرانسپورٹ جہازاں دی تصویر اے، اوہناں چوں اک دے نال اک دھماکے دا چشمہ اے، تے اک ہوائی جہاز اوہناں دے اتے اڈ رہیا اے۔ کھبے پاسے گولڈ سٹار میڈل دی تصویر اے۔ تھلے اک نیم دائروی کتبہ اے: "MURMANSK"۔ | * کیٹلاگ نمبر: 5010-0007 ۔ * ٹکسال: ماسکو ٹکسال۔ * ریلیز دی تاریخ: 4 مئی، 2000۔ * گردش، یونٹ: 10 ملین۔ * فنکار: اے. وچ۔ بکلانوف۔ * مورتکار:  <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">دے نال۔</span> <span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="Комшилов, Игорь Сергеевич">کومشیلوف</span> . |- | colspan="4" | |} === 2017 === ==== اوورس ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%" ! style="width:10%" |تصویر ! تفصیل ! style="width:34%" | نوٹ |- |[[فائل:RR5710-0018_2_рубля_сталь_2017_аверс.png|link=Файл:RR5710-0018_2_рубля_сталь_2017_аверс.png|170x170px]] | ڈسک دے مرکز وچ دو لائناں وچ سکے دا فرق اے: "2 روبل"، تھلے کتبہ اے: "روس دا بینک"، اس دے تھلے ٹکسال دا سال اے: "2017"، کھبے تے سجے پاسے اک پودے دی اک سٹائلائزڈ شاخ اے، سجے پاسے کنارے دے نیڑے ٹکسال دا ٹریڈ مارک اے۔ | سال دے سارے سکیاں لئی سنگل اوورس {{Sfn|Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|2018}} ۔ ---- * فرقہ: 2 روبل۔ * مواد: [[نکل]] چڑھایا [[فولاد|سٹیل]] ۔ * کل وزن، جی: 5.0۔ * قطر، ملی میٹر: 23.0۔ * موٹائی، ملی میٹر: 1.80۔ |} ==== الٹ ==== ===== کرچ ===== ===== سیواستوپول ===== == تبصرے == {{Refbegin|2}} * {{Книга|ref=Гусев|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B8_%D0%A0/EnFBEQAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=0|заглавие=Каталог монет СССР и России 1918-2023|ответственный=сост. С. О. Гусев|год=2022|язык=ru|издание=16-й вып|место=М.|издательство=CoinsMoscow|всего страниц=224|isbn=978-5-6043383-6-0}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Золотой_червонец_No1_2024/adn-EAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&pg=PA13&printsec=frontcover|ref=Жеренкова|заглавие=«Великая Отечественная война в советской и российской нумизматике»: выставка в Московском университете МВД.|год=2024|ответственный=гл. ред. Ж. Н. Жеренкова|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|издательство=Литас+|тип=журнал|номер=1 (66)|страницы=13|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} * {{Книга|ref=Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|ссылка=https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|заглавие=Памятные монеты России. 2017 : Ежегодный каталог памятных и инвестиционных монет Банка России|ответственный=сост. {{comment|А. И. Лахтиков|Лахтиков, Александр Иванович}}, С. А. Козлов, Н. В. Кочетова|год=2018|часть=|язык=ru|место=М.|издательство=[[Банк России]]|страницы=|всего страниц=78|isbn=5-9286-0042-9|тираж=600|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530171814/https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|archive-date=2023-05-30|url-status=live}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vossoedinenie-kryma-s-rossiey-numizmaticheskiy-aspekt-konflikta-2014-2018-gody|ref=Елохин|автор={{comment|Елохин К. А.|Елохин, Кирилл Александрович}}|заглавие=Воссоединение Крыма с Россией: нумизматический аспект конфликта (2014-2018 годы)|год=2018|язык=ru|издание=Новые исторические перспективы: от Балтики до Тихого океана|номер=4 (13)|страницы=6—27|issn=2587-7984|url-status=live}}{{Свободно|CC BY}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_No4_57_2/ChxXEAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=2%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover|ref=Катаева|заглавие=55-летию Победы посвящается|год=2021|ответственный=гл. ред. А. А. Катаева|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|тип=журнал|номер=4 (58)|страницы=43—44|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == نوٹ == '''ادبی ذرائع''' <references group="ЦБ" responsive="1"></references> '''روسی فیڈریشن دے مرکزی بینک دے ذرائع'''{{Refbegin|2}} * {{Книга|ref=Гусев|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%B8_%D0%A0/EnFBEQAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=0|заглавие=Каталог монет СССР и России 1918-2023|ответственный=сост. С. О. Гусев|год=2022|язык=ru|издание=16-й вып|место=М.|издательство=CoinsMoscow|всего страниц=224|isbn=978-5-6043383-6-0}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Золотой_червонец_No1_2024/adn-EAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&pg=PA13&printsec=frontcover|ref=Жеренкова|заглавие=«Великая Отечественная война в советской и российской нумизматике»: выставка в Московском университете МВД.|год=2024|ответственный=гл. ред. Ж. Н. Жеренкова|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|издательство=Литас+|тип=журнал|номер=1 (66)|страницы=13|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} * {{Книга|ref=Лахтиков, Козлов, Кочетова|ссылка=https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|заглавие=Памятные монеты России. 2017 : Ежегодный каталог памятных и инвестиционных монет Банка России|ответственный=сост. {{comment|А. И. Лахтиков|Лахтиков, Александр Иванович}}, С. А. Козлов, Н. В. Кочетова|год=2018|часть=|язык=ru|место=М.|издательство=[[Банк России]]|страницы=|всего страниц=78|isbn=5-9286-0042-9|тираж=600|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530171814/https://www.cbr.ru/content/document/file/123638/coins_cbr_2017.pdf|archive-date=2023-05-30|url-status=live}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vossoedinenie-kryma-s-rossiey-numizmaticheskiy-aspekt-konflikta-2014-2018-gody|ref=Елохин|автор={{comment|Елохин К. А.|Елохин, Кирилл Александрович}}|заглавие=Воссоединение Крыма с Россией: нумизматический аспект конфликта (2014-2018 годы)|год=2018|язык=ru|издание=Новые исторические перспективы: от Балтики до Тихого океана|номер=4 (13)|страницы=6—27|issn=2587-7984|url-status=live}}{{Свободно|CC BY}} * {{Статья|ссылка=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_No4_57_2/ChxXEAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=2%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8C&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover|ref=Катаева|заглавие=55-летию Победы посвящается|год=2021|ответственный=гл. ред. А. А. Катаева|язык=ru|место=СПб.|издание=Золотой червонец|тип=журнал|номер=4 (58)|страницы=43—44|issn=2072-7259|url-status=live}} {{Refend}} == ادب == {{Монета|Монетный двор=[[Московский монетный двор]], [[Санкт-Петербургский монетный двор]]|Общий тираж=70 млн <ref name = ":0" group = "прим">Монеты 2000 года.</ref>;<br>10 млн <ref name = ":1" group = "прим">Монеты 2017 года.</ref>|Номиналы=|Диаметр=23|Масса=5,1<ref name = ":0" group = "прим">Монеты 2000 года.</ref> [[грамм|г]];<br>5,0<ref name = ":1" group = "прим">Монеты 2017 года.</ref>|Толщина=1,8|Металл=[[Нейзильбер|Медно-никелевый сплав]]<ref name = ":0" group = "прим" />;<br> [[Сталь]] с [[никель|никелевым]] [[гальванотехника|гальваническим]] покрытием<ref name = ":1" group = "прим" />|Страна={{флагификация|Россия}}|Валюта=[[2 рубля]]|Годы чеканки=[[2000 год|2000]], [[2017 год|2017]]|Статус=Выпуск монет прекращён|Число разновидностей=9|Эмитент=[[Банк России]]|Гурт=60 рифлений, разделённые на 12 равных участков, чередующихся с 12 гладкими участками|Название серии=Города-герои|Аверс=RR5010-0001R 2 рубля медно-никелевый 2000 аверс.png|Описание аверса=Единый аверс для всех монет серии|Описание реверса=Изображение с индивидуальным сюжетом у каждой монеты серии, [[Медаль «Золотая Звезда» (СССР)|медаль «Золотая звезда»]], название города-героя|Изображение=RR5010-0002R 2 рубля медно-никелевый 2000 55 лет Победы Сталинград реверс.png|Подпись=Монета, посвящённая городу-герою [[Сталинград|Сталинграду]]|Изображение гурта=|Ширина=250|Число типов=1|Ширина изображения гурта=150|ГруппаСносок=прим}} == باہرلے جوڑ == * О выпуске в обращение монет из недрагоценных металлов  (рус.). cbr.ru. Банк России (18 апреля 2017). Дата обращения: 18 мая 2026. Архивировано 25 июля 2017 года. [[گٹھ:سکے]] [[گٹھ:روس]] jul2f35dw4q2281p71qb2rj1n58h2ym