Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 10471 136750 136363 2026-09-13T19:43:45Z KiranBOT 15993 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v3.1.1-current 136750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''', umuririmbyi w'umunyarwandakazi w’inararibonye waboneye benshi izuba mu bahanzi nyarwanda yagarutse gutura mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] by’iteka nyuma y’[[imyaka]] irenga 40 yari amaze mu mahanga ya kure. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana [yavutse 1943]''' yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1973 ahunze itoteza n’[[Umwicanyi wa ruhongohongo|ubwicanyi]] bwa hato na hato bwakorerwaga [[abatutsi]]. Yabanje kuba muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Iharanira]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Demokarasi]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|ya Congo]] ahava nyuma y[[Imyaka|’imyaka]] 16 yerekeza mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]]. Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanz]]<nowiki/>i n’[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] we bahunze nyuma y’uko se yishwe aroshywe mu [[Isumo rya Rusumo|Rusumo]] mu mwaka wa 1963. Nyina, '''Mukanzigiye Carolina''' na we yazize [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|yakorewe]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Abatutsi]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|mu 1994]] ubwo yari avuye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] kwivuza no gusura [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] we wari warahungiyeyo. yagize Ati “Data bamwishe muri 1963, ari muri baba bandi baroshywe mu [[Isumo rya Rusumo|Rusumo]] hariya i Kibungo ubu ni mu [[akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]], mu 1973<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5527081.html?fbclid=IwAR2daxTVeLaaWmyqO9o_O51vy-B0utdu3Gdo_80Fudj8hsPWFIa3fm6-5dU</ref> nibwo twavuye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] twari [[abana]] icyenda buri wese yagiye ukwe dushaka [[ubuzima]] turakura bigenda uko.” Yongeraho ati “Muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congo]] nahageze mu 1973<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5527081.html?fbclid=IwAR2daxTVeLaaWmyqO9o_O51vy-B0utdu3Gdo_80Fudj8hsPWFIa3fm6-5dU</ref>, nahunganye n’umugabo wanjye, mu [[Urugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe mu Ruhango|urugo]] twari [[abana]] icyenda ariko buri wese yagiye ukwe tujya gushaka ubundi [[Ubuzima|buzima]]Nahunganye n’umugabo twabyaranye [[Umwana|abana]] bane we yaguye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congo]] icyo gihe. Nahabaye [[imyaka]] 16 mpava njya kuba i [https://www.bruxelles.be/ Bruxelles]<ref>https://www.bruxelles.be/</ref> ari naho nari ntuye iyo [[imyaka]] yose.”<ref>https://www.afrocharts.com/artist?id=27d6656a2f</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153303/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mu Rwanda == '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''' w’imyaka 79 avuga ko mu [[Imyaka|myaka]] yamaze [[Iburayi|i Burayi]] atigeze ahakunda kurusha u [[Rwanda]] ari nacyo cyamushyizemo imbaraga arataha ngo asazire mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]] cye cyu [[Rwanda]]. Ni [[Rimwe|umwe]] mu abaririmbyi b’[[Imana|imena]] bashinze [https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153301/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse itorero Isamaza]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153301/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73791/nyiranyamibwa-ushaka-kugarura-itorero-isamaza-asanga-hagahin-73791.html</ref> ryagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutiza umurindi [https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371 ingabo]<ref>https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371</ref> ku rugamba rwo kubohora u [[Rwanda]]. Icyo gihe yaririmbanaga n’abahanzi bari bakunzwe icyo [[Igiherero|igihe]] barimo bakomeye mu ijyana ya kinyarwanda n’abandi babyinaga cyane.Ntabwo nigeze nkunda u [[Burayi]], nahabeshejwe n’uko nari mfite [[abana]] bagombaga kwiga kandi nkaba hafi yabo nkabitaho. Ntabwo nari gushobora kuguma hariya, mu [[Burayi]] ntabwo ari ahantu ho gusazira.” Yavuze ko nyuma yo kuza gutura mu [[Rwanda]] agiye gukomeza guhanga [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] nshya ndetse ngo nibimushobokera azongera ahuze [[Umugore|abakecuru]] yaririmbanye na bo mu Isamaza bongere bahange.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153303/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Itorero isamaza === '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''' ari mubashinze [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Itorero Isamaza]] ryashingiwe mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] mu [[Imyaka|myaka]] igera kuri 30 ishize, ryatangiye rigizwe n’abiganjemo [[Umugore|abagore]] n’inkumi zabyinaga hagamijwe gushakisha ubufasha bwo gushyigikira [https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371 ingabo]<ref>https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371</ref> zarwanye urugamba rwo kwihobora mu 1990<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990</ref>. [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Isamaze]] rigitangira ryabarizwagamo abahanzi b’abahanga barimo nka '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''', '''Jeanne Karigirwa Ruboneka'''<ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/</ref>, '''Anonciata Gatera,''' '''Francoise Ruboneka''', '''Anonciata Kayisire''' n’abandi batandukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153303/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''' [[Rimwe|umwe]] mu bashinze [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Itorero Isamaza]] yavuze ko nyuma yo kugaruka gutura mu [[Rwanda]] ateganya kongera guhuza [[Umugore|abakecuru]] bagenzi be bakiriho bakongera kuririmba nk’itsinda no gukora ibitaramo by’[[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ahanini zibutsa abantu [[Igiherero|ibihe]] iri torero ryagize mu [[Imyaka|myaka]] yashize. Ati “Abo twahoranye mu '''[[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|itorero Isamaza]]''' benshi baracyariho ariko babivuyemo, uwari umuhanga cyane mu bo twaririmbanye yaratabarutse ni '''Jeanne Karigirwa''' abandi barashatse iby’[[UMUZIKI|imiziki]] babivamo Ubwo nanjye ngiye kugerageza ndebe ko twakongera gukora ariko biragoye.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153301/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Nyiranyamibwa''' avuga ko hari [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] yahimbye ariko zitarasohoka gusa arateganya kuzazishyira hanze kuri [[:en:Album|album]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Album</ref> nshya azamurika mu [[Igiherero|gihe]] kiri imbere. Mu kwihuza n’abahoze bagize [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Isamaza]] ngo yifuza ko bakora ibitaramo bito no guhanga [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] nshya gusa ngo ni [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] gasaba imbaraga nyinshi. Ati “Abakobwa twaririmbanye hafi ya bose iby’[[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] ntibakibyiyumvamo, bari bafite amajwi meza, ni abahanga gusa ngira ngo murabazi, bamaze gushaka baba bahagaritse [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] abandi barabiretse Nzagerageza gushaka uko nakongera kubabwira duhure twongere dukore ariko birasaba imbaraga.” Iyo umubajije [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|urwibutso]] afite ku [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Itorero Isamaza]] asubiza yitsitsa cyane ku bumwe no kutiganda byarangaga abaririmbyi ndetse no guharanira iterambere rya buri wese byabarangaga.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73791/nyiranyamibwa-ushaka-kugarura-itorero-isamaza-asanga-hagahin-73791.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153303/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Zimwe muri izo ndirimbo === {| class="wikitable" |+INDIRIMBO !Amateka ya Suzana !https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNPvfs-jpwE |- |Nyumva Mana |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDyU7EVE1nk |- |Sinkabya |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWtrco7aUeA |- |Umuhororo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJzLR2WZPDM |- |Nyambo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrWRpqjaVlk |- |Wibabara |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAV8K81ccHo |- |Nyiringanzo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNPvfs-jpwE |- |RUBANDA |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rojb2MKCsd8 |- |Izo kwibuka |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0DlMKKHPBY |- |Impundu |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uTCCn4zji4 |- |Mbahoze nte |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWsKLftl4KA |- |Ibuka |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZEul1-dZpg |- |Telephone |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prCu9MkxiO4 |- |Uraho |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0IShaoQhU4 |- |Nyemerera |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ty8ljIfBH5M |} == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] masdv75rggor83b9g62vubf3t9tf5po 0 10584 136760 120223 2026-09-14T09:11:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136760 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeanne d'Arc Uwimanimpaye''' (yavutse 15 Kanama 1978) ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi w']]<nowiki/>umunyapolitiki . Yabaye umunyamuryango w'inteko ishinga amategeko Umutwe w’abadepite kuva mu 2008. Kuva mu 2013 kugeza 2018, yabaye Visi Perezida w’Umutwe w'abadepite. <ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=427 Members Details], [[Parliament of Rwanda]].</ref><ref>https://www.burera.gov.rw/ahabanza</ref> Uwimanimpaye Jeanne d'Arc yagiye agira ibwirwa ruhame zizi kandi zikomeye nkaho yavuzeko, igihugu cyacu cy’u Rwanda cyari gisanzwe gifite ubundi ikirere kiza ndetse ko ari na byo byatumye abantu benshi birara ntibashyireho ingamba zihamye kandi zifatika zo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, yibasira ibihugu bitandukanye mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|biyaga bigari]] birimo n’u [[Rwanda]] hatari ikibazo cy’ inzara atari byo namba, ahubwo ko icyabaye ahubwo ari ibura ry’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi uhagije mu baturage bigatuma abantu batabona amafunguro menshi kandi meza, nk’uko byari bisanzwe, bakabifata nk’ikibazo cy'inzara ariko atari byo .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/depite-j-darc-ngo-nta-nzara-iri-mu-rwanda-ngo-icyabaye-ni-ukutijuta-nkibisanzwe.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-12 |archive-date=2023-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812133520/https://ar.umuseke.rw/depite-j-darc-ngo-nta-nzara-iri-mu-rwanda-ngo-icyabaye-ni-ukutijuta-nkibisanzwe.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima == Uwimanimpaye Jeanne d'Arc yarangije muri Economics muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] . Mbere yo kwinjira mu Nteko, yakoraga nk'umwarimu w’ishuri ry'isumbuye, ndetse no mu nzego z'ibanze nk'umugenzuzi w'imbere mu karere akaba n'umukozi ushinzwe imibanire rusange<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kabura-basanga-kagame-yarakoze-byinshi-igihe-kimubana-gito-ku-buryo-bifuza</ref>. == umwuga == Uwimanimpaye yinjiye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu matora y’abadepite yo mu Rwanda mu 2008, nk'umwe mu bahagarariye abagore batandatu mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] . <ref>Civil Society Election Observation Mission, [https://web.archive.org/web/20211119091610/http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf Final Report: Rwandan Parliamentary Elections], November 17, 2008. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, yagiye mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] nk'indorerezi y'amatora ya Commonwealth ku matora rusange yo mu [[Bwongereza]] 2010 . <ref>[https://www.parliament.uk/documents/CPA/Publications-Reports/20100525-COT-Final-Report.pdf Commonwealth Observer Team to the UK General Election 2010: Final Report], 2010. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Mu matora y’abadepite 2013, Uwimanimpaye yasubijwe mu mutwe w’abadepite nk'uhagarariye abagore mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. <ref>Edwin Musoni, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/69304 Former speaker, 11 others bounce back as women representatives], ''The New Times'', September 19, 2013. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Mu Kwakira 2013, yatorewe kuba Visi Perezida wungirije ushinzwe kugenzura no gushyiraho amategeko, ahabwa amajwi 70 kuri 80. <ref>James Karuhanga, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/69713 Donatille Mukabalisa is new Speaker], ''The New Times'', October 5, 2013. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Nk’Umuvugizi wungirije, yerekanye icyifuzo cyo kwemerera [[Paul Kagame|Perezida Kagame]] kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu, nyuma y’uko icyifuzo cyari kimaze gusinywa na miliyoni 3.8<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/jeanne-darc-uwimanimpaye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514150802/https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/jeanne-darc-uwimanimpaye |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uwimanimpaye yatoranijwe nk'umukandida wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR-Inkotanyi]] mu matora y'abadepite yo mu 2018, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220220021814/https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/07/rpf-selects-70-candidates-for-parliamentary-polls/ RPF Selects 70 Candidates for Parliamentary Polls], July 8, 2018. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> atorerwa guhagararira [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. <ref name="Details"/> Yeguye ku mwanya wa Perezida wungirije, asimburwa na [[Edda Mukabagwiza]] wa FPR-Inkotanyi. <ref>Athan Tashobya, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mukabalisa-re-elected-speaker-parliament Mukabalisa re-elected Speaker of Parliament], ''The New Times'', September 20, 2018.</ref> Muri Nzeri 2019, Uwimanimpaye yasabye ko hakorwa iperereza ku kibazo cy’amafaranga cyerekeranye n’amasoko yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi cy’u [[Rwanda]], <ref>Michel Nkurunziza, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/pac-wants-rab-officials-investigated PAC wants RAB officials investigated], ''The New Times'', September 18, 2019. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> kandi anenga amasoko yatanzwe n’ikigo gishinzwe amakoperative mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>[https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/09/delayed-automation-of-saccos-could-cost-govt-rwf5bn/ Delayed Automation of Saccos Could Cost Gov’t Rwf5Bn], ''The New Times'', September 26, 2019. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Ntawabuza-inyombya-kuyomba-Depite-Jeanne-d-Arc-Uwimanimpaye</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko ishinga amategeko]] bp4lkaze4v9duxrktq0g47oq427hpvw 0 13794 136754 124508 2026-09-14T01:46:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136754 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Barcarena_-_State_of_Pará,_Brazil_-_panoramio_(1).jpg|thumb|right|Umujyi wa Barcelona mu gace ka Pará]] '''Barcarena''' ni akarere ko muri Brezile muri leta ya Para ahegereye umugezi wa Tocantins. Ituwe nabaturage basaga 127,027 kandi nigice cy'umujyi munini wa Belem. Ubukungu bw'umujyi ahanini bushingiye k'ubuhinzi na mabuye ya gaciro yitwa bauxite. Hari nibikoresho bikora amabuye yagaciro [pig iron] hafi aho. Umujyi n'icyambu biratera imbere nk'icyambu kinini cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bihujwe na gari ya moshi iva ku cyambu kiri hafi imbere, uvuye hirya no hino muri [[Burezile]] ,bikihutisha ibicuruzwa bikanagabanya igihe n'igiciro bitandukanye n'icyambu gakondo kinini kiri mu majyepfo yiburasirazuba. == Amateka == Umujyi wabanje guturwa nabahinde ba Aruá . Mu 1709, Abajezuwiti baraza.  == Impanuka yo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu 2015 == Ku ya 6 Ukwakira 2015, ubwato bw’amatungo "MV Haidar" bwarohamye ku cyambu cya Vila do Conde kubera kunanirwa guhindura inzira. Cyari gifite [[inka]] nzima 4900 hamwe na toni zigera kuri 700 z'amavuta. <ref>[https://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2015/10/ship-carrying-5000-cows-sank-brazil/ - 4,400 Dead Cows Are Decomposing in a Sunken Ship in a Brazilian River] on MotherJones.com</ref> <ref>[http://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2016/07/mpf-convoca-audiencia-com-familias-afetadas-por-naufragio-em-barcarena.html - MPF convoca audiência com famílias afetadas por naufrágio em Barcarena] on Globo.com (Portuguese)</ref> Inka 4.400 zarohamye mugihe zifungiye mumizigo yubwato. Amatungo agera kuri 500 yashoboraga kwigobotora, ariko abagera ku 100 gusa ni yo yarokotse iyo mpanuka. lisansi n'amavuta byinjiye mu bisigazwa mu mazi maze byanduza uruzi rwa Pará ndetse n'umucanga wo kunkombe uhakikije, byatumye imiryango myinshi y'abarobyi ibura amaramuko. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160916082533/https://www.vesselfinder.com/news/4436-Update-Local-residents-and-authorities-angry-after-sinking-of-cattle-carrier-Haidar-in-Barcarena-Brazil-video - Update: Local residents and authorities angry after sinking of cattle carrier Haidar in Barcarena, Brazil] on Vesselfinder.com</ref> Kubera ko ikurwaho rya peteroli ryagaragaye ko rigoye, kandi nta bwumvikane bujyanye n’inshingano ndetse n’ingamba zikwiye zo gusukura zishobora kugerwaho, imirambo amagana yaboreye ku mucanga no mu bisigazwa by'ubwato amezi menshi - umutwaro munini ku burobyi n’ubukerarugendo bwo mu karere . Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ibifitiye ububasha yagereranije ibyangiritse ku baturage ko ari miliyoni 71 yamareais (hafi miliyoni 21 US $). Muri Nyakanga 2016 nta kintu cyari cyarishyuwe. <ref>[http://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2016/04/apos-6-meses-de-naufragio-navio-e-bois-ainda-estao-submersos-no-pa.html - Após 6 meses de naufrágio, navio e bois ainda estão submersos no PA] (Portuguese) on Globo.com</ref> <ref>[http://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2016/07/mpf-convoca-audiencia-com-familias-afetadas-por-naufragio-em-barcarena.html - MPF convoca audiência com famílias afetadas por naufrágio em Barcarena] on Globo.com (portuguese)</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230218161713/https://www.mpf.mp.br/pa/sala-de-imprensa/noticias-pa/afetados-pelo-naufragio-em-barcarena-pa-decidem-que-debate-sobre-indenizacao-deve-continuar - Afetados pelo naufrágio em Barcarena (PA) decidem que debate sobre indenização deve continuar] on Mpf.mp.br (Portuguese)</ref> == Ikirere == Barcarena ifite ikirere gikunda kugira imvura gifite imvura igereranije kuva Kanama kugeza Ugushyingo n' imvura nyinshi cyane mumezi asigaye. dg8zd90bm4xt2741kt9wbqjj54uozdv 0 14952 136761 122549 2026-09-14T09:38:18Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136761 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:TerangaRéception.JPG|thumb|314x314px]] '''Kéné Ndoye''' (20 Ugushyingo 1978 - Gashyantare 2023) yari umukinnyi wabigize umwuga wo mugihugu cya [[senegali]]. Yabaye uwa 14 mu gusimbuka gatatu mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2004 yabereye muri Atenayi, mu [[Ubugereki|Bugereki]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2023 |title=Athlétisme : décès de l’ancienne athlète Kène Ndoye (médias) |url=https://www.sudquotidien.sn/athletisme-deces-de-lancienne-athlete-kene-ndoye-medias/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |archive-date=25 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225100932/https://www.sudquotidien.sn/athletisme-deces-de-lancienne-athlete-kene-ndoye-medias/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0">[https://olympics.com/en/athletes/kene-ndoye Kene NDOYE Biography]</ref> [[Dosiye:Senegal fans Russia 2018.jpg|thumb|321x321px]] [[Dosiye:U17WC USA x SEN Kleber Andrade.jpg|thumb]] Yatsindiye umudari we mbere mu gihugu cya Senegal ubwo yatwaraga umuringa mu gusimbuka gatatu mu marushanwa yo mu nzu yo mu 2003 . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-14 |title=Athlétisme: Kène Ndoye, ancienne spécialiste sénégalaise du saut, est morte |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/sports/20230214-athl%C3%A9tisme-d%C3%A9c%C3%A8s-de-k%C3%A8ne-ndoye-ancienne-sp%C3%A9cialiste-s%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise-du-saut |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> Yatsindiye kandi muri Shampiyona nyafurika aho yegukanye imidari icumi mu mikino ngororamubiri (Zahabu eshatu, Ifeza eshatu na Bronze enye). <ref name=":0"/> Yari afite imidari itatu y’imikino yose yo muri Afurika (imwe ya Zahabu, ibili y'Umuringa) yegukana undi wa Zahabu nk'umukinnyi ukomeye wa Senegali mu 2003. <ref name=":1" /> Yari afite buruse hamwe na gahunda ya Solidarite ya Olempike guhera mu Gushyingo 2002. Kéné Ndoye yapfuye ku ya 13 Gashyantare 2023 afite imyaka 44. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Senegalese former track and field Olympian Kéné Ndoye dies at the age of 44 |url=https://www.aipsmedia.com/aips/pages/articles/2023/33488.html |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=www.aipsmedia.com}}</ref> == Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !Umwaka !Amarushanwa !Igihugu !Umwanya !Umukino !Uburebure |- |rowspan=4|1996 |rowspan=2|[[1996 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Yaoundé]], Cameroon |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Long jump |5.85 m |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Triple jump |12.99 m |- |rowspan=2|[[1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Sydney]], Australia |21st (q) |Long jump |[[1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|5.42 m]] <small>(wind: -0.6&nbsp;m/s)</small> |- |25th (q) |Triple jump |[[1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|12.10 m]] <small>(wind: +0.9&nbsp;m/s)</small> |- |1997 |[[African Junior Athletics Championships|African Junior Championships]] |[[Ibadan]], Nigeria |4th |Triple jump |12.67 m |- |1998 |[[1998 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Dakar]], Senegal |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Triple jump |13.30 m |- |rowspan=3|1999 |[[1999 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Seville]], Spain |17th (q) |Triple jump |[[1999 World Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|13.90 m]] |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Johannesburg]], South Africa |4th |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games – Women's long jump|6.47 m]] |- |bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games – Women's triple jump|13.88 m]] |- |rowspan=3|2000 |rowspan=2|[[2000 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |6.39 m |- |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Triple jump |13.81 m |- |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Sydney]], Australia |14th (q) |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's triple jump|13.96 m]] |- |rowspan=3|2002 |rowspan=3|[[2002 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=3|[[Radès]], Tunisia |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |100 m hurdles |[[2002 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres hurdles|13.72 s]] (w) |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Long jump |[[2002 African Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|6.45 m]] (w) |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |[[2002 African Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|14.28 m]] |- |rowspan=4|2003 |[[2003 World Indoor Championships in Athletics|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Birmingham]], United Kingdom |bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd |Triple jump |[[2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump|14.72 m]] ('''iNR''') |- |[[2003 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |Paris, France |10th |Triple jump |[[2003 World Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|14.29 m]] |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2003 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Abuja]], Nigeria |4th |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2003 All-Africa Games – Women's long jump|6.37 m]] |- |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2003 All-Africa Games – Women's triple jump|14.23 m]] |- |rowspan=5|2004 |[[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Budapest]], Hungary |22nd (q) |Triple jump |[[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump|13.77 m]] |- |rowspan=2|[[2004 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Brazzaville]], Republic of the Congo |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |[[2004 African Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|6.64 m]] |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |[[2004 African Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|14.44 m]] |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Athens]], Greece |22nd (q) |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's long jump|6.45 m]] |- |14th |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's triple jump|14.18 m]] |- |2005 |[[2005 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Helsinki]], Finland |6th |Triple jump |[[2005 World Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|14.47 m]] |- |rowspan=3|2006 |[[2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Moscow]], Russia |13th (q) |Triple jump |[[2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump|13.88 m]] |- |rowspan=2|[[2006 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Bambous, Mauritius|Bambous]], Mauritius |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Long jump |[[2006 African Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|6.30 m]] |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |[[2006 African Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|14.08 m]] (w) |- |2011 |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Maputo]], Mozambique |bgcolor="silver" | 2nd |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games – Women's triple jump|13.69 m]] |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == *   * [http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/wi.htm World Indoor Championships] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] g1aksgp01obv49mgjiaeboz6uanxmbz 0 17570 136759 135748 2026-09-14T06:35:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Disability_Rights_Fund_(13460729824).jpg|thumb|Disability Rights Fund (13460729824)]] [[Dosiye:Persons Living with Disability in Ghana at the Global Disability Summit co-hosted in Ghana.jpg|thumb|ababana nubumuga]] [[Dosiye:Handicapped boy on his bicycle.jpg|thumb|abafite ubumuga]] Ikigega cy’uburenganzira bw’abafite [[ubumuga]] (Mu [[icyongereza]]: Disability Rights Fund, (DRF) n’umushinga utanga inkunga hagati y’abaterankunga n’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ku isi utanga ibikoresho by’imari n’ubuhanga imiryango y’abafite ubumuga kugira ngo baharanira [[Uburenganzira bwa muntu|uburenganzira]] bungana kandi bagire uruhare rugaragara muri sosiyete.<ref>https://disabilityrightsfund.org/about/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nudor.org/?page_id=7408 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-17 |archive-date=2025-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601204834/https://www.nudor.org/?page_id=7408 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Icyerekezo == Icyerekezo cya DRF ni isi aho abafite ubumuga bitabira byimazeyo muri sosiyeti kandi bafite uburenganzira n'amahirwe angana ku bandi. == Inshingano == Inshingano za DRF ni ugushyigikira abafite ubumuga ku isi yose kubaka ingendo zinyuranye, guharanira gahunda ziterambere zose, no kugera kuburenganzira n'amahirwe angana kuri bose. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Centre Hospitalier Noor de Rééducation et de Réadaptation, Inauguré par sa majesté le Roi Mohamed VI en 2001 (2).jpg|thumb|ihuriro ryababana nubumuga]] Kuva mu mwaka wa 2008, DRF n’umuryango w’abavandimwe, Ikigega cyo guharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (Mu [[icyongereza]] : Disability Rights Advocacy Fund (DRAF), bateye inkunga imiryango y’abafite ubumuga (OPDs) mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere - cyane cyane muri [[Afurika]], Aziya, Ibirwa bya pasifika, na Karayibe - kugira uruhare. kwemeza, gushyira mu bikorwa, no gukurikirana Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (mu [[icyongereza]]: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Binyuze mu gutanga inkunga, ubuvugizi, n'ubufasha bwa tekiniki, amafaranga yabo ashyigikira OPD gukoresha uburenganzira bwisi yose hamwe niterambere, nka CRPD nintego zirambye ziterambere (SDGs), mubikorwa byabo, kugirango hatagira umuntu usigara inyuma.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/drf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-17 |archive-date=2024-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117113557/https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/drf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.devex.com/organizations/disability-rights-fund-drf-56695</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuryango]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] jpu2hnnv55k3wk07om00bbd7ri50eds 0 17581 136756 112282 2026-09-14T06:14:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136756 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Noun_Hearing_Loop_Hadi_Davodpour_28161.svg|thumb|Noun Hearing Loop Hadi Davodpour 28161]] Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva (mu [[icyongereza]]: International Federation of Hard of Hearing People (IFHOH) ryashinzwe mu 1977 nk’umuryango mpuzamahanga, utegamiye kuri Leta, wanditswe mu Budage. IFHOH ihagarariye inyungu zirenga miliyoni 300 bigoye kumva abantu kwisi yose. Ibi birimo abantu bakuze batumva, abakoresha cochlear, hamwe nabantu bahura na tinnitus, indwara ya Meniere, hyperacusis hamwe nuburwayi bwo kutumva. IFHOH ifite amashyirahamwe arenga 40 yabanyamuryango baturutse mu turere twinshi twisi. IFHOH hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi by’abatumva (EFHOH) bakora kugira ngo bateze imbere kumva neza ibibazo byo kutumva no kunoza uburyo bwo kumva abantu batumva. IFHOH ifite ubujyanama bwihariye n’inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’ubukungu n’imibereho (ECOSOC), ubufatanye n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi, no kuba umunyamuryango wa [[Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga|IDA]]; (mu [[icyongereza]]: international disability alliance)<ref>https://www.ifhoh.org/</ref><ref>https://www.edf-feph.org/our-members/international-federation-of-hard-of-hearing-young-people/</ref><ref>https://participation.cbm.org/get-connected/find-an-opd/international-federation-of-hard-of-hearing-people-ifhoh</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/IFHOH-Inclusive-Education-Report |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-17 |archive-date=2024-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117204916/https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/IFHOH-Inclusive-Education-Report |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Pictograms-nps-accessibility-sign_language_interpretation.svg|thumb|sign language interpretation]] [[Dosiye:German_sign_language_alphabet.svg|thumb|Ururimi rw'amarenga ]] [[Dosiye:Disability_symbols.svg|thumb|Disability symbols]] == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] oux3esp29v2w5i09mfzmlt1idrr6zw4 0 17614 136758 135147 2026-09-14T06:24:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136758 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inspiration Porn English 1.svg|thumb|313x313px|'''Inspiration Porn English 1''']] [[Dosiye:Handicapped boarding at convenient spot on Caltrain.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Astronomy for all.png|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Memories of the January 25 revolution.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Football for all.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:A PhD holder with mobility impairment.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Formal Gardens Southbank Parklands South Brisbane P1420897.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Programa para la Integración al Desarrollo de los Trabajadores -i---i- (34700679931).jpg|thumb]] '''Ihuriro ry’abafite ubumuga bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi''' (mu [[icyongereza]]: European Disability Forum (EDF) ni umuryango w’abafite ubumuga urengera inyungu z’abantu barenga miliyoni 100 bafite ubumuga mu Burayi. EDF ni umuryango wigenga utegamiye kuri Leta (ONG) uhuza imiryango ihagarariye abafite ubumuga baturutse mu Burayi kandi ikayoborwa n'abafite ubumuga n'imiryango yabo. Yashinzwe mu 1996 n’imiryango y’abanyamuryango kugira ngo ibyemezo ku rwego rw’Uburayi byerekeye abafite ubumuga bifatwa hamwe n’abafite ubumuga. Kuva icyo gihe yashyizeho inzira zisanzwe zunganira ibigo by’Uburayi birimo Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburayi, Komisiyo y’Uburayi, n’Inama y’Uburayi. Icyerekezo cya EDF ni uko ababana n'ubumuga mu Burayi binjira muri sosiyete mu buryo bungana n'abandi kandi ko uburenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga, nk'uko bigaragara mu Masezerano y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye yita ku burenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga, yubahirizwa byimazeyo, akingirwa kandi byujujwe.<ref>https://www.edf-feph.org/policy/</ref><ref>https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/EDF</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/stakeholder/european-disability-forum |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-18 |archive-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118204543/https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/stakeholder/european-disability-forum |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://participation.cbm.org/get-connected/find-an-opd/european-disability-forum-edf</ref> [[Dosiye:DALY disability affected life year infographicFR.png|thumb|357x357px|'''DALY disability affected life year infographicFR''']] == Intego == Intego ni ukugera kumahirwe angana kubagabo bose, abagore nabana bafite ubumuga. == Ibikorwa == === Uruhare === Kunganira uburyo bwiza bwo kugerwaho mubice byose byubuzima kubantu bafite ubumuga nimwe mubikorwa byingenzi byimirimo ya EDF. === Ubuzima === Uburenganzira bwo kwishimira urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubuzima rushobora kugerwaho nta vangura rishingiye ku bumuga ni uburenganzira bw’ibanze bukubiye mu ngingo ya 25 y’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga. === Uburinganire === Abagore bafite ubumuga bagize 16% by’abaturage bose b’abagore bo mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi bagomba guhura n’ivangura ryinshi kandi rihuza imipaka mu nzego zose z’ubuzima. === Urubyiruko === Urubyiruko ni ejo hazaza. Kugira ngo urubyiruko rufite ubumuga rugaragare mu rugendo rw’urubyiruko, EDF igira uruhare runini mu mishinga myinshi. === Ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n’ibikorwa by’ubutabazi === Nkumunyamuryango washinze umuryango mpuzamahanga w’abafite ubumuga (IDA), turashaka gutanga umusanzu mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’ubumuga ku isi. === Intego Ziterambere Zirambye (SDGs) === Ihuriro ry’abafite ubumuga bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi rirashaka kwemeza ko SDGs nayo iba impamo kuri miliyoni 80 z’Abanyaburayi bafite ubumuga. === Politiki mbonezamubano === Kugenzura niba akazi, kurengera imibereho, amasoko ya Leta n’imfashanyo ya Leta, kutubahiriza ibigo no kubaho byigenga, gahunda z’uburezi n’amahugurwa by’i Burayi hamwe n’ingengo y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. === Ibikorwa by'ikirere n'ubumuga === Kwirengagiza imiryango ihagarariye ababana n’ubumuga (DPOs) mu gufata ibyemezo ku bikorwa by’ikirere bifite ingaruka zikomeye. === Uburinganire no kutavangura === Uburinganire no kutavangura bigize ihame shingiro kandi rusange rijyanye no kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’abantu bose. === Kwimuka & impunzi zifite ubumuga === Impunzi n’abasaba ubuhungiro bafite ubumuga bahagarariye itsinda ritagaragara ry’abantu bahatiwe kuva mu bihugu byabo mu bihe bitoroshye. === Ubutabera === Ababana n'ubumuga bahura n’ibibazo byinshi mu kubona ubutabera buboneye kandi bungana mu Burayi. EDF iharanira ubwo burenganzira ku bahohotewe no ku bakekwaho icyaha baregwa. === Uruhare rwa politiki === N’ubwo amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (CRPD) yemejwe n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ndetse n’ibihugu byose bigize uyu muryango, miliyoni z’abafite ubumuga ntibashobora kugira uruhare rugaragara mu nzira ya demokarasi. Ihuriro ry’abafite ubumuga bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi (EDF) riharanira ko abantu n’imiryango y’abafite ubumuga bishyirwa mu bikorwa byuzuye. [[Dosiye:Centre Hospitalier Noor de Rééducation et de Réadaptation, Inauguré par sa majesté le Roi Mohamed VI en 2001 (2).jpg|thumb|ibitaro by'abafite ubumuga]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Uburinganire]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] bd0bsrqowe8bso7h41ild8wj6do0a17 0 17743 136757 118646 2026-09-14T06:19:10Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ihuriro ny'afurika ry’abafite ubumuga(Mu [[icyongereza]]: The African Disability Forum-ADF)''' N'umuryango w’abanyamuryango b’umugabane w’amashyirahamwe y’abafite ubumuga (DPOs) muri [[Afurika]]. ADF yashinzwe ku mugaragaro mu 2014, irashaka gushimangira no guhuza amajwi ahagarariye Abanyafurika bafite ubumuga, imiryango yabo ndetse n’imiryango. Umugabane wa [[Afurika]] ni mwinshi hamwe n’uturere twinshi two mu karere, ku buryo bidashoboka ko umuryango umwe ushobora kwerekana mu buryo butaziguye kandi bwuzuye kandi uhagarariye ubwo butandukanye. ADF rero ikubiyemo kandi yubaka kumashyirahamwe ariho, imiyoboro, ubushobozi nubutsinzi. ADF ntabwo isimbuye umugabane uwo ariwo wose uriho cyangwa umugabane wo mukarere ahubwo ihamagarira bose kuba abanyamuryango ba ADF. ADF iharanira kwishyira hamwe no kwishora no kwerekana ibitekerezo bya federasiyo yose isanzweho, [[Afurika]], uturere ndetse n’igihugu cya DPOs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://africandisabilityforum.net/about-us/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-23 |archive-date=2024-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123115802/https://africandisabilityforum.net/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/african-disability-forum |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-23 |archive-date=2024-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123115802/https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/african-disability-forum |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://participation.cbm.org/get-connected/find-an-opd/african-disability-forum-adf</ref> ADF ni umuryango wigenga, uharanira demokarasi, aho abahagarariye DPO ari abanyamuryango kandi bafata ibyemezo. ADF yita cyane cyane ku ruhare rw’abagore n’urubyiruko bafite ubumuga mu nzego zose no mu bikorwa byayo. Imiterere y’imiyoborere ya ADF yoroheje hamwe n’inama Nyobozi y’abanyamuryango 9 n’ibiro bito bya ADF biherereye i Addis Abeba, byibanda ku itumanaho n’iterambere ry’abanyamuryango ndetse n’ibikorwa byo kongerera ubushobozi. ADF ikora ku bufatanye n’imiryango yose isangiye intego za ADF kandi igateza imbere uburenganzira no kwinjiza ababana n’ubumuga muri [[Afurika]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/social-protection-Uganda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-23 |archive-date=2024-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123115802/https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/social-protection-Uganda |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Intego == * Guhuriza hamwe no kongera ijwi ry’abafite [[ubumuga]], imiryango yabo n’imiryango muri [[Afurika]] ku rwego rw’igihugu, uturere ndetse n’amahanga. * Gushimangira ubushobozi bw’amashyirahamwe y’abafite ubumuga muri [[Afurika]] guteza imbere uburenganzira no kwinjiza ababana n’[[ubumuga]] n'imiryango yabo. == Icyerekezo == Intego ya ADF ni uguharanira uburenganzira no kwinjiza abantu bose bafite ubumuga muri [[Afurika]] hubakwa umuryango ukomeye w’ubumuga w’[[Afurika]] w’ubumuga n’ijwi ry’abafite [[ubumuga]] n’imiryango yabo. == Ubuturo == [[Ikiciro:Umuryango Udaharanira inyungu]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] [[Ikiciro:Isi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] p1h72rn58uzlnm36shvkdz7gzv3f9bj 0 20864 136753 134456 2026-09-14T00:56:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga''' <ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-persons-disabilities Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UN]</ref> ni [[Multilateral treaty|amasezerano]] [[International human rights instrument|mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu]] y’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’abibumbye]] agamije kurengera uburenganzira [[Dignity|n’icyubahiro]] by’abafite [[ubumuga]] . Abagize aya masezerano basabwa guteza imbere, kurengera, no guharanira [[Uburenganzira bwa muntu|uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu]] n’abafite ubumuga no guharanira ko ababana n’ubumuga bafite uburinganire bwuzuye mu mategeko . Aya masezerano ni umusemburo ukomeye mu muryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ku isi hose ufasha guhindura abantu bafite ubumuga nk’ibikorwa by’urukundo, kwivuza no kurengera imibereho yabo babareba nk’abanyamuryango buzuye kandi bangana, bafite uburenganzira bwa muntu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pyaneandee |first=Coomara |year=2019 |title=International Disability Law |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-59347-3 |location=London |pages=19–21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=20 September 2018 |title=The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a commentary |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-881066-7 |editor-last=Bantekas, Ilias |edition=First |oclc=1041925625 |editor-last2=Stein, Michael Ashley |editor-last3=Anastasiou, Dēmētrēs}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adlakha |first=Roopali |last2=Guha |first2=Shouvik Kumar |date=2011 |title=Protecting the Disabled Persons under the Human Rights Regime - The Shift from Welfare to Rights |journal=Journal of Indian Law & Society |volume=3 |page=67 |via=Hein}}</ref> Amasezerano niyo masezerano ya mbere y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bwa muntu yo mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri na rimwe. <ref>{{cite press release|title=General Assembly Adopts Groundbreaking Convention, Optional Protocol on Rights of Persons with Disabilities|date=13 December 2006|url=http://www.un.org/press/en/2006/ga10554.doc.htm|publisher=United Nations|location=New York}}</ref> Iyi nyandiko yemejwe n'Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye ku ya 13 Ukuboza 2006, <ref>{{UN doc|docid=A/RES/61/106|body=General Assembly|session=61|type=Resolution|resolution_number=106|title=Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities|date=13 December 2006|access-date=July 24, 2023,|quote=alternate link: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_61_106.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="Scoop-EiF">{{Cite web |date=2008-05-05 |title=Landmark UN treaty on rights of persons with disabilities enters into force |url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0805/S00048.htm |access-date=2008-06-28 |publisher=Scoop}}</ref> ku ya 30 Werurwe 2007. Nyuma yo kwemezwa [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|n’ishyaka]] rya 20, yatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 3 Gicurasi 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-12 |title=UN Treaty Collection: parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: List of parties |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2017-04-20 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Amasezerano akurikiranwa na komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga aho inama ngarukamwaka z’ibihugu by’ibihugu bigize CRPD zashyizeho umurongo ngenderwaho kuva mu mwaka wa 2008.Iteraniro rya cumi na gatatu ry’ibihugu by’ibihugu byari biteganijwe guhurira i New York muri Kamena 2020, hanyuma ryimurirwa mu buryo bw'agateganyo kugira ngo rihure mu Kuboza 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conference of States Parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/conference-of-states-parties-to-the-convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities-2.html |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.}}</ref> kubera ikibazo cya [[COVID-19]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2020 |title=Communication to Member States and other Stakeholders from the Secretariat of the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Postponement of the thirteenth session of the Conference due to the worldwide outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic to Member States and other stakeholders |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2020/04/COSP13_Information-dated-23-March.pdf |access-date=7 August 2020 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs}}</ref> === Amateka === Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga, kimwe n’andi masezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, (nk’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu bya politiki na politiki ndetse n’amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore ) yavuye mu bikorwa by’imyaka myinshi aho amahame y’uburenganzira bw’amatsinda yatangiraga kuva mu cyifuzo kugeza ku masezerano ahuza. Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yemeje Itangazo ryo mu 1971 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/declaration-rights-mentally-retarded-persons |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=OHCHR |language=en}}</ref> hakurikiraho Itangazo ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ku ya 9 Ukuboza 1975. 1981 ni umwaka mpuzamahanga w’abafite ubumuga ; ibisubizo byumwaka ni Gahunda yisi y'ibikorwa yerekeye abamugaye. Umwaka wakurikiwe n'imyaka icumi y'abafite ubumuga, 1983–1992. Mu 1987, inama y’impuguke ku isi yose yo gusuzuma iterambere ryasabye ko Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye igomba gutegura amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye guca ivangura rishingiye ku bumuga. Umushinga w’ibishushanyo mbonera byasabwe [[Ubutaliyani|n’Ubutaliyani]] ndetse [[Suwede|na Suwede]] nyuma, ariko nta bwumvikane bwumvikanyweho. Abahagarariye guverinoma benshi bavuze ko inyandiko z’uburenganzira bwa muntu zihagije. Umunsi mpuzamahanga w’abafite ubumuga (3 Ukuboza) watangajwe mu 1992 icyemezo cy’Inteko rusange 47/3. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Barnes |first=Colin |year=2003 |title=Disability |url=https://archive.org/details/disability0000barn |last2=Mercer |first2=Geof |publisher=Polity |isbn=0-7456-2509-6 |location=Cambridge, UK |page=[https://archive.org/details/disability0000barn/page/145 145]}}</ref> Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yemeje amategeko ngenderwaho adateganijwe ku bijyanye no kunganya amahirwe ku bafite ubumuga ku ya 20 Ukuboza 1993 (umwanzuro 48/96 umugereka). <ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |title=Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/standard-rules-on-the-equalization-of-opportunities-for-persons-with-disabilities.html#:~:text=Although%20not%20a%20legally%20binding,for%20technical%20and%20economic%20cooperation. |access-date=24 July 2020 |website=United Nations}}</ref> Abasesenguzi benshi bavuze ko inyandiko zabanjirije CRPD ari "yoroshye", bitandukanye n’inshingano z’amasezerano ya CRPD. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Heyer |first=Katharina |year=2015 |title=Rights Enabled: The Disability Revolution, from the US, to Germany and Japan, to the United Nations |url=https://archive.org/details/rightsenableddis0000heye |publisher=University of Michigan |isbn=978-0-472-05247-9 |location=Ann Arbor, Michigan |page=[https://archive.org/details/rightsenableddis0000heye/page/n180 171]}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 2000, abayobozi b'imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta itandatu y’abafite ubumuga, hamwe n’imiryango igera ku 20 y’abafite ubumuga bo mu karere ndetse n’igihugu, bemeje "Itangazo rya Beijing ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga mu kinyagihumbi gishya", bahamagarira leta zose gushyigikira Amasezerano. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Secretariat for the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |date=23 January 2018 |title=The United Nations and Disability: 70 years of the work towards a more inclusive world |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2018/01/History_Disability-in-the-UN_jan23.18-Clean.pdf |access-date=15 August 2020 |website=UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division for Social Policy and Development |page=13}}</ref> Mu 2001, Inteko rusange, nyuma y’igitekerezo cyatanzwe na [[Megizike|Mexico]], yashyizeho komite idasanzwe y’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye kurengera no guteza imbere uburenganzira n’icyubahiro cy’abafite ubumuga kugira ngo asuzume ibyifuzo by’amasezerano yuzuye kandi yuzuye agamije guteza imbere no kurengera uburenganzira n’icyubahiro by’abafite ubumuga, bishingiye ku buryo bwuzuye. <ref>O'Reilly, A. (2003) [http://www.disabilityworld.org/01-03_03/news/unconvention.shtml A UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: The Next Steps] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007042109/http://www.disabilityworld.org/01-03_03/news/unconvention.shtml|date=7 October 2008}} Paper presented at the General Assembly Meeting of Rehabilitation International Arab Region, 8–9 March 2003, Kingdom of Bahrain.</ref> Imiryango iharanira [[Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga|uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga]], harimo n’abafite ubumuga mpuzamahanga, ihuriro ry’abakoresha n’abacitse ku icumu bo mu mutwe, ihuriro ry’abacitse ku icumu rya Landmine (ubu ni Corps Survivor Corps ), hamwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’abafite ubumuga bagize uruhare mu gutegura. Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga ryabaye umuhuzabikorwa w’umuryango w’ubumuga mpuzamahanga w’abafite ubumuga, wagize uruhare rugaragara mu gutegura, cyane cyane ushakisha uruhare rw’abafite ubumuga n’imiryango yabo mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa no gukurikirana icyahindutse. <ref>[http://www.handicap-international.org.uk/what_we_do/disability_rights/un_convention "UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities"]. Handicap International UK.</ref> Mu 2001, mu nama ya 56 y’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye, Mexico yatangije imishyikirano, ku nkunga ya GRULAC (itsinda ry’akarere ka Amerika y'Epfo). <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2018 |title=The United Nations and Disability: 70 Years of the Work Towards a More Inclusive World |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2018/01/History_Disability-in-the-UN_jan23.18-Clean.pdf}}</ref> Igihe inkunga y’amasezerano yatangizwaga mu 2002 kubera abatavuga rumwe na WEOG, Nouvelle-Zélande yagize uruhare runini mu kugera ku ntera y’akarere. Yabaye umuhuza kuva mu 2002 kugeza 2003, Nouvelle-Zélande yaje gufata umwanya wa Perezida wa Komite ya Ad Hoc maze ayobora imishyikirano ku masezerano y’ubwumvikane muri Kanama 2006, akorana cyane n’abandi bagize Komite Yorodani, Kosta Rika, Repubulika ya Ceki, na Afurika yepfo, ndetse na Koreya na Mexico. Ababikurikiranira hafi benshi bagize icyo bavuga ku "myitwarire yo gushaka icyubahiro" ya guverinoma, ibigo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu, n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Herro |first=Annie |date=2019-04-25 |title=The Pre-negotiation of UN Human Rights Treaties: The Case of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/iner/24/2/article-p240_3.xml |journal=International Negotiation |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=240–265 |doi=10.1163/15718069-24021174 |issn=1571-8069 |s2cid=182261242 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Amasezerano yabaye kimwe mu bikoresho byihutirwa by’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu mateka, ku nkunga n’imiryango yose yo mu karere. <ref>{{Cite SSRN|last=Melish|first=Tara J.|date=2007-06-28|title=The UN Disability Convention: Historic Process, Strong Prospects, and Why the U.S. Should Ratify|ssrn=997141}}</ref> Ibihugu 160 byashyize umukono ku Masezerano amaze gufungura mu 2007 kandi ibihugu 126 byemeje ayo masezerano mu myaka itanu yambere. Mu rwego rwo gushimira uruhare yagize mu gushyiraho ayo masezerano, ndetse n’ubuziranenge bw’ingamba z’igihugu z’ubumuga bw’igihugu cya Nouvelle-Zélande, Guverineri Mukuru wa Nouvelle-Zélande Anand Satyanand yahawe igihembo cy’abafite ubumuga ku isi mu 2008 mu izina ry’igihugu. Mu mwaka wa 2015, ku nshuro ya mbere mu mateka magufi, Komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga yatangije iperereza ku gihugu cyashyizeho umukono kubera kutubahiriza inshingano z’amasezerano. Iperereza ryatewe n'ingingo ya 6 ya protocole itabishaka, iteganya ko iperereza rizakorwa iyo komite imaze kubona "amakuru yizewe agaragaza ihohoterwa rikabije kandi rihamye" ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu bw'abafite ubumuga. Hakozwe iperereza kuri guverinoma y'Ubwongereza, raporo ya nyuma isohoka mu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inquiry concerning the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland carried out by the Committee under article 6 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention |url=https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRPD/CRPD.C.15.R.2.Rev.1-ENG.doc. |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities}}</ref> <ref name="UN inquiry considers alleged UK disability rights violations">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-20 |title=UN inquiry considers alleged UK disability rights violations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/oct/20/un-inquiry-uk-disability-rights-violations-cprd-welfare-cuts |access-date=2016-08-12 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Amerika ntiyigeze iboneka mu bihugu by’ibihugu byemeje cyangwa byinjiye muri ayo masezerano. Ku butegetsi bwa Barack Obama [[United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations|,]] Amerika yabaye umukono ku masezerano yo ku <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obama |first=Barack |date=24 July 2009 |title=Remarks by the President on Signing of U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Proclamation |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/remarks-president-rights-persons-with-disabilities-proclamation-signing |access-date=24 July 2020 |website=The White House: Barack Obama}}</ref> Nyakanga 2009. Mu <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Issues in the U.S. Ratification Debate |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42749.pdf |access-date=2020-10-29 |archive-date=2020-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820230004/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42749.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>, amajwi muri Sena ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yagabanutseho amajwi atandatu ku bwiganze bwa bibiri bya gatatu bisabwa kugira ngo agirwe inama kandi yemererwe kwemezwa. Muri Nyakanga 2014, Komite ishinzwe ububanyi n'amahanga ya Sena yongeye kwemeza icyemezo cyo kugisha inama no kubyemera, <ref>{{Cite web |last=U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee |date=22 July 2014 |title=Resolution of Advice and Consent to Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |url=https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Resolution_of_Advice_and_Consent_for_CRPD_DAV149542.pdf |access-date=24 July 2020 |website=U.S. Senate}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Helderman |first=Rosalind S. |date=4 December 2012 |title=Senate rejects treaty to protect disabled around the world |url=https://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-12-04/politics/35624605_1_treaty-disabled-children-americans-with-disabilities-act |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055440/https://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-12-04/politics/35624605_1_treaty-disabled-children-americans-with-disabilities-act |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=2013-09-20 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> cyemezo nticyagejejwe ku majwi ya Sena yuzuye. === Incamake === Amasezerano akurikiza imigenzo y’amategeko mbonezamubano, abanziriza ijambo, aho havuzwe ihame rivuga ko "uburenganzira bwa muntu ari rusange, butagabanywa, bwuzuzanya kandi bufitanye isano" bw’itangazo rya Vienne na gahunda y'ibikorwa . Ijambo ry'ibanze 25 rivuga mu buryo bweruye iterambere rirambye, avuga ko "ubumuga" ari "igitekerezo kigenda gihinduka" kirimo imikoranire hagati y’ubumuga n’ibidukikije, <ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Pyaneandee |first=Coomara |year=2019 |title=International Disability Law |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-59347-3 |location=London |pages=19–21}}</ref> kandi ivuga akamaro k '"imyumvire y’uburinganire". Ijambo ry'ibanze rikurikirwa n'ingingo 50. Bitandukanye n’amasezerano menshi y’umuryango w’abibumbye, ntabwo agabanijwemo ibice '''Ingingo ya 1''' isobanura intego y’amasezerano: guteza imbere, kurengera no guharanira uburenganzira n’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwisanzure bw’ibanze n’abafite ubumuga bose, no guteza imbere kubahiriza icyubahiro kavukire; '''Ingingo ya 2''' itanga ibisobanuro byijambo ryibanze mu ngingo za CRPD: itumanaho, (harimo [[Inyandiko y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona(Braille)|Braille]], ururimi rw amarenga, ururimi rworoshye n’itumanaho ritavuzwe ), ivangura rishingiye ku bumuga, icumbi ryuzuye hamwe n’ibishushanyo mbonera . '''Ingingo ya 3''' isobanura CRPD umunani "amahame rusange" yasobanuwe hepfo, naho '''ingingo ya 4''' isobanura "inshingano rusange z’ababuranyi." '''Ingingo ya 5–32''' isobanura uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga n’inshingano z’ibihugu by’ibihugu bibareba. Benshi muri ubwo burenganzira bw'indorerwamo bwemejwe mu yandi masezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye nk’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu bya politiki na politiki, Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bw’ubukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco n’amasezerano arwanya iyicarubozo, ariko afite inshingano zihariye zemeza ko zishobora kugerwaho byimazeyo n’abafite ubumuga. Uburenganzira bwihariye muri aya masezerano burimo uburenganzira bwo kugerwaho harimo n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, uburenganzira bwo kubaho mu bwigenge no gushyirwa mu baturage (ingingo ya 19), kugendagenda ku giti cye (ingingo ya 20), gutura no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe (ingingo ya 26), no kugira uruhare mu buzima bwa politiki n’abaturage, ndetse n’ubuzima bw’umuco, [[KWIDAGADURA|imyidagaduro]] na siporo (ingingo ya 29 na 30). Byongeye kandi, abari mu Masezerano bagomba gukangurira abantu uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (ingingo ya 8), kandi bakareba [[Accessibility|niba]] umuhanda, inyubako, n’amakuru (ingingo ya 9). '''Ingingo ya 33–39''' zigenga raporo no gukurikirana ayo masezerano n’inzego z’uburenganzira bwa muntu (ingingo ya 33) na komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (ingingo ya 34 kugeza 39). '''Ingingo ya 40-50''' igenga kwemeza, gutangira gukurikizwa, isano n "imiryango ihuza uturere", kubika, guhindura, no kwamagana ayo masezerano. '''Ingingo ya 49''' isaba ko Amasezerano aboneka mu buryo bworoshye, kandi '''ingingo ya 50''' iteganya ko ayo masezerano "Icyarabu, Igishinwa, [[Icyongereza]], Igifaransa, Ikirusiya n’Icyesipanyoli" ari "ukuri kimwe". === Ingingo z'ingenzi === N'ubwo Umuryango w’abibumbye wemera "ibihimbano byemewe" nta "burenganzira bushya", <ref>{{Citation |last=Series |first=Lucy |title=Disability and human rights |date=2019-10-21 |url=http://orca.cf.ac.uk/131763/1/9781138365308_oachapter6.pdf |work=Routledge Handbook of Disability Studies |pages=72–88 |editor-last=Watson |editor-first=Nick |edition=2 |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780429430817-6 |isbn=978-0-429-43081-7 |pmid=32543798 |editor2-last=Vehmas |editor2-first=Simo |s2cid=211345976}}</ref> ingingo za CRPD zivuga ku burenganzira butandukanye bw’uburenganzira bwa muntu, mu gihe hiyongereyeho inshingano za Leta ivuga ko ibihugu bitanga inkunga ku burenganzira bw’ubwishingizi bishobora gukurikizwa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite SSRN|last=Kanter|first=Arlene S.|date=2019|title=Let's Try Again: Why the United States Should Ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities|language=en|ssrn=3373259}}</ref> Abanditsi batandukanye babashyira mu byiciro bitandukanye; iyi nyandiko izasobanura ibyibanze nubukanishi, hanyuma isobanure ibyiciro bitatu hafi ya byose bihwanye nigitekerezo kivuguruzanya cyibisekuru bitatu byuburenganzira bwa muntu . Hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi, indorerezi zagize icyo zivuga ku guhuzagurika no gufashanya mu byiciro by’uburenganzira. Mu 1993, Ihuriro ry’isi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu ' Itangazo rya Vienne ryateganyaga mu ngingo ya 5 ko kubera ko uburenganzira bwa muntu "bwari rusange, butagabanywa kandi bwuzuzanya kandi bufitanye isano.&nbsp;... Ibihugu bifite inshingano zo guteza imbere no kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwisanzure bw’ibanze. " <ref>OHCHR | Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action". ''www.ohchr.org''. Retrieved 2020-08-22.</ref> Gerard Quinn ku kuba CRPD "ifatanya n'uburenganzira bw'abaturage na politiki n'uburenganzira mu by'ubukungu, imibereho myiza n'umuco". <ref>Quinn, Gerard, and Anna Arstein-Kerslake. "Restoring the 'Human' in 'Human Rights': Personhood and Doctrinal Innovation in the UN Disability Convention". ''The Cambridge Companion to Human Rights Law'', edited by Conor Gearty and Costas Douzinas, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012, pp. 36–55. Cambridge Companions to Law. pp. 52.</ref> Ibi bigaragara cyane cyane muri CRPD aho uburenganzira bwa politiki bwabaye impfabusa nta nkunga mbonezamubano nubukungu byuburenganzira bwubukungu n’imibereho ntacyo bivuze nta ruhare. === Ibyingenzi nubukanishi === Bimwe mu ngingo za mbere za CRPD byagaragaje intego n'ishingiro; nyuma yo gutondekanya uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (mu ncamake mu bice bikurikira), Ingingo zayo zanyuma zerekana urwego inzego zigomba guteza imbere uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga. === Amahame ngenderwaho y’amasezerano === Hariho amahame umunani ayobora ashingiye ku masezerano, yasobanuwe mu ngingo ya 3: # Kubaha icyubahiro kavukire, ubwigenge bwa buri muntu harimo nubwisanzure bwo kwihitiramo, nubwigenge bwabantu # Kutavangura # Uruhare rwuzuye kandi rwiza no kwinjiza muri societe # Kubaha itandukaniro no kwakira ababana nubumuga mubice bitandukanye byubumuntu # Uburinganire bw'amahirwe # Kuboneka # [[Uburinganire|Uburinganire hagati y'abagabo n'abagore]] # Kubaha ubushobozi bugenda bwiyongera bwabana bafite ubumuga no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwabana bafite ubumuga bwo kubungabunga umwirondoro wabo === Ibisobanuro === Ingingo ya 2 (Ibisobanuro) ntabwo ikubiyemo ibisobanuro byubumuga. Amasezerano yerekana uburyo bwimibereho yubumuga, ariko ntabwo atanga ibisobanuro byihariye. === Ubumuga === Ijambo ry'ibanze ry'amasezerano (igice e) risobanura ko Amasezerano yemera: ko ubumuga ari igitekerezo kigenda gihinduka kandi ko ubumuga buturuka ku mikoranire hagati y’abafite ubumuga n’inzitizi z’ibidukikije ndetse n’ibidukikije bibangamira uruhare rwabo muri sosiyete mu buryo bungana n’abandi. Ingingo ya mbere (Intego) irongera itanga ko: Ababana n'ubumuga barimo abafite ubumuga bw'igihe kirekire ku mubiri, mu mutwe, mu bwenge cyangwa mu byumviro bishobora gukorana n'inzitizi zitandukanye bishobora kubabuza uruhare rwabo muri sosiyete mu buryo bungana n'abandi. ===== Ihame ry "icumbi ryumvikana" ===== Amasezerano asobanura " icumbi ryumvikana " nk "" ibikenewe kandi bikwiye guhinduka no gukosorwa bidashyizeho umutwaro utagereranywa cyangwa udakwiriye, aho bikenewe mu rubanza runaka, kugira ngo ababana n’ubumuga bishimire cyangwa bakore ku buryo bungana n’abandi bafite uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwisanzure bw’ibanze "mu ngingo ya 2 kandi babisaba mu bice byose by’ubuzima harimo n’uburezi burimo abantu bose . ===== Gukangurira ===== Ingingo ya 8 y’aya Masezerano ishimangira ubushake bw’amashyaka mu gukangurira abantu kubahiriza uburenganzira n’icyubahiro mu kurwanya ivangura ry’abafite ubumuga. Amashyaka yiyemeje gukangurira abantu ubumuga muri sosiyete, harimo no ku rwego rw’umuryango, kurwanya imyumvire, urwikekwe n’imikorere mibi yerekeye ababana n’ubumuga, harimo n’iyongera ku gitsina n’ivangura rishingiye ku myaka. Biyemeje ubukangurambaga bugamije gukangurira abaturage guteza imbere imyumvire myiza ku isoko ry'umurimo, itangazamakuru, n'ahandi. === Uburenganzira bw'abaturage na politiki === CRPD ikubiyemo "ubwisanzure buturuka", bugaragaza ibitekerezo by’ubuntu n’ubumuntu bikubiye mu itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu, Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu na politiki, ndetse no mu nyandiko nyinshi z’uburenganzira bw’ibihugu byinshi nk’amategeko y’abanyamerika bafite ubumuga . Muri CRPD, ibihugu bikunze gufata inshingano zo gutanga uburenganzira mubikorwa. ===== Kuboneka ===== Mu ngingo ya 9, Amasezerano ashimangira ko ababana n’ubumuga bagomba kubaho mu bwigenge kandi bakagira uruhare mu mibereho yose. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, ibihugu by’ibihugu bigomba gufata ingamba zikwiye kugira ngo ababana n’ubumuga babone uburyo bwo kugera, ku bidukikije, ku bwikorezi, ku ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho, ndetse n’ibindi bigo na serivisi bifunguye cyangwa bihabwa abaturage. Kugerwaho birashobora guhurizwa mumatsinda atatu yingenzi: # kuboneka kumubiri # serivisi # uburyo bwo gutumanaho namakuru ==== Kumenyekana imbere y'amategeko n'ubushobozi bwemewe n'amategeko ==== Ingingo ya 12 y’aya Masezerano yemeza ko abantu bose bafite ubumuga bemewe n'amategeko ndetse n’ubushobozi bwemewe n'amategeko . Iteganya ko Amashyaka (Ibihugu n’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi agomba kongera kwemeza ko ababana n’ubumuga bafite uburenganzira bwo kumenyekana ahantu hose nk’umuntu imbere y’amategeko; bemera ko ababana n’ubumuga bafite uburenganzira bw’amategeko ku buryo bungana n’abandi mu nzego zose z’ubuzima; gufata ingamba zikwiye kugira ngo abantu bafite ubumuga babone ubufasha bashobora gusaba mu gukoresha uburenganzira bwabo mu rwego rwo gukumira ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bwa muntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bw’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu buteganywa n’uburenganzira bwa muntu; Iyi ngingo yabaye ingenzi cyane cyane mumiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga irwanya imikorere ya leta yo kurera no kurera . ==== Kugera ku butabera ==== Ingingo ya 13 y’aya Masezerano yemeza ko ubutabera bwubahirizwa bw’abafite ubumuga, buvuga ko: Impande z’ibihugu zigomba guharanira ubutabera bw’abafite ubumuga ku buryo bungana n’abandi, harimo no gutanga amacumbi ndetse n’imyaka, kugira ngo byorohereze uruhare rwabo nk'abitabira, harimo n'abatangabuhamya, mu manza zose z’amategeko, harimo no mu iperereza ndetse no mu bindi byiciro bibanza. Mu rwego rwo gufasha guharanira ubutabera bunoze ku bafite ubumuga, ibihugu by’amashyaka bigomba guteza imbere amahugurwa akwiye ku bakora mu butabera, barimo abapolisi n’abakozi ba gereza. Iyi ngingo hamwe n’ingingo ya 12 yavuzwe na "Igitabo cyerekeye imfungwa zifite ibibazo byihariye" n’ibiro by’umuryango w’abibumbye bishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyaha . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Atabay |first=Tomris |date=2009 |title=Handbook on prisoners with special needs |publisher=United Nations |others=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |isbn=978-1-4416-2152-8 |location=New York |oclc=437313959}}</ref> === Uruhare mubuzima rusange (harimo n'uburenganzira bwo gutora) === Ingingo ya 29 isaba ko ibihugu byose byagiranye amasezerano birengera "uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga bwo gutora bakoresheje amajwi rwihishwa mu matora na referendumu rusange". Dukurikije iyi ngingo, buri gihugu cyagiranye amasezerano kigomba gutanga ibikoresho byo gutora byafasha abatora bamugaye gutora mu bwigenge kandi rwihishwa. Demokarasi zimwe na zimwe, urugero, Amerika, Ubuyapani, Ubuholandi, Sloweniya, Alubaniya cyangwa [[Ubuhinde]] byemerera abatora bamugaye gukoresha imashini zitora za elegitoronike cyangwa imfashanyo za elegitoronike zifasha abatora bafite ubumuga kuzuza impapuro. Mu bandi, muri bo harimo Azerubayijani, Kosovo, Kanada, Gana, Ubwongereza, ndetse n'ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika no muri [[Aziya]], abatora bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona barashobora gukoresha amajwi mu [[Inyandiko y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona(Braille)|nyandikomvugo]] cyangwa mu mpapuro. Benshi muribi kandi na demokarasi zimwe na zimwe, Chili kurugero, bakoresha ameza ashobora guhinduka kugirango abatora kumuga wibimuga babegere. Demokarasi zimwe zemerera gusa undi muntu gutora abatora batabona cyangwa bamugaye. Gahunda nk'iyi, ntabwo yemeza ibanga ry'itora Ingingo ya 29 isaba kandi ko ibihugu byagiranye amasezerano byemeza "uburyo bwo gutora, ibikoresho n’ibikoresho bikwiye, byoroshye kandi byoroshye kubyumva no gukoresha". Muri demokarasi zimwe, ni ukuvuga Suwede na Amerika, ahantu hose batora hashobora kuboneka byimazeyo abatora bamugaye. === Uburenganzira mu bukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco === CRPD ifite "ubwisanzure" bwinshi, yemeza ko ibihugu bizatanga amazu, ibiribwa, akazi, ubuvuzi, ndetse n’ubufasha bwite, bivugwa mu Masezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’ubukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco. Izi ninshingano nziza leta izakora, irenze amasezerano yabanyamerika bafite ubumuga . <ref name=":22">{{Cite SSRN|last=Kanter|first=Arlene S.|date=2019|title=Let's Try Again: Why the United States Should Ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities|language=en|ssrn=3373259}}</ref> ===== Kubaha umuryango ===== Ingingo ya 23 y’aya Masezerano ibuza guhagarika abamugaye ku gahato kandi ikanabemerera uburenganzira bwo kurera abana ===== Uburenganzira bwo kwiga ===== Ingingo ya 24 y’amasezerano ivuga ko ababana n’ubumuga bagomba guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kwiga mu nzego zose, hatitawe ku myaka, nta vangura kandi hashingiwe ku mahirwe angana. Irerekana ko abana bafite ubumuga bagomba kubona neza amashuri abanza nayisumbuye ku buntu kandi ku gahato; abantu bakuru bafite ubumuga bafite amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri makuru rusange, amahugurwa yimyuga, amashuri akuze no kwiga ubuzima bwabo bwose ; n'ibindi. Amashyaka agomba gufata ingamba zikwiye, nka: kwemeza imyigire ya Braille, iyindi nyandiko, uburyo bwo kongera ubundi buryo, uburyo nuburyo bwo gutumanaho no kwerekana icyerekezo, hamwe no korohereza urungano no gutanga inama; gushyigikira kwiga ururimi rw'amarenga no guteza imbere indimi z'umuryango w'abatumva; guharanira ko uburezi bwabantu, cyane cyane abana, impumyi na / cyangwa ibipfamatwi, butangwa mu ndimi zikwiye n’uburyo bwo gutumanaho ku muntu; no gukoresha abarimu, harimo abarimu bafite ubumuga, bafite ubumenyi mu rurimi rw'amarenga na / cyangwa mu nyandiko ya Braille, no guhugura inzobere mu burezi n'abakozi ku bijyanye n'ubukangurambaga ku bumuga, gukoresha uburyo bwiyongera n'ubundi buryo bw'itumanaho, n'ubuhanga bwo kwigisha n'ibikoresho byo gufasha ababana n'ubumuga. Komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga 'Igitekerezo rusange cya 4, cyemejwe muri Kanama 2016, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Treaty bodies Download |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRPD/C/GC/4&Lang=en |access-date=2020-08-30 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org}}</ref> yashimangiye akamaro ko kwigisha abantu bose kandi yamagana uburezi butandukanye. Iki gitekerezo cyarwanyijwe n’imiryango irimo Umuryango w’abatabona ku isi ndetse n’ishyirahamwe ry’abatumva ku isi ryananiwe kuvuga ko "bidasanzwe" kugira ngo bamenye akamaro k’uburenganzira bw’umuco n’indimi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=Joseph J. |last2=Snoddon |first2=Kristin |last3=De Meulder |first3=Maartje |last4=Underwood |first4=Kathryn |date=2020-06-06 |title=Intersectional inclusion for deaf learners: moving beyond General Comment no. 4 on Article 24 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13603116.2018.1482013 |journal=International Journal of Inclusive Education |language=en |volume=24 |issue=7 |pages=691–705 |doi=10.1080/13603116.2018.1482013 |issn=1360-3116 |s2cid=150305740 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ==== Uburenganzira ku buzima ==== Ingingo ya 25 isobanura ko "ababana n'ubumuga bafite uburenganzira bwo kwishimira ubuzima bwiza bugerwaho kandi nta vangura rishingiye ku bumuga". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 25 – Health {{!}} United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-25-health.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> ==== Gutuza no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe ==== o ya 26 y’aya Masezerano yemeza ko "Ibihugu by’ibihugu bizafata ingamba zifatika kandi zikwiye, harimo n’urungano rw’urungano, kugira ngo ababana n’ubumuga bagere kandi bakomeze ubwigenge buhebuje, ubushobozi bw’umubiri, ubw'ibitekerezo, imibereho myiza n’imyuga, no kwinjiza no kugira uruhare mu mibereho yose y’ubuzima. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, ibihugu by’ibihugu bizategura, gushimangira no kwagura serivisi zita ku buzima busanzwe, mu buzima ndetse no mu bikorwa by’ubuzima, uburezi, uburezi ndetse n’uburezi, cyane cyane mu nzego z’ubuzima, umurimo, uburezi, uburezi, uburezi ndetse n’uburezi; icyiciro, gishingiye ku isuzuma rinyuranye ryerekana ibyo umuntu akeneye n'imbaraga bye kandi ashyigikira uruhare no kwinjizwa mu baturage no mu bice byose bigize sosiyete, ku bushake, kandi birashoboka ku bafite ubumuga hafi yabo hashoboka aho batuye, harimo no mu cyaro. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 26 – Habilitation and rehabilitation {{!}} United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-26-habilitation-and-rehabilitation.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> Amashyaka yiyemeje guteza imbere iterambere ry’amahugurwa abanza kandi akomeje ku banyamwuga n’abakozi bakora muri serivisi zita ku buzima no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe kimwe no kuboneka, ubumenyi no gukoresha [[:en:Assistive_device|ibikoresho bifasha]] n’ikoranabuhanga bifasha, bigenewe ababana n’ubumuga, kuko bijyanye no gutura no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe. ===== Akazi n'akazi ===== Ingingo ya 27 isaba ko ibihugu by’ibihugu byemera uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga gukora, hashingiwe ku bandi; ibi bikubiyemo uburenganzira bwamahirwe yo kwibeshaho kumurimo watoranijwe kubuntu cyangwa kwemerwa kumasoko yumurimo hamwe nakazi keza kafunguye, karimo kandi korohereza ababana nubumuga. Iyi ngingo itegeka ibihugu by’ibihugu kurinda no guteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uburenganzira [[:en:Right_to_work|ku murimo]], harimo n’abafite ubumuga mu gihe cy’akazi, bafata ingamba zikwiye, harimo binyuze mu mategeko, kubuza ivangura rishingiye ku bumuga ku bijyanye n’ibibazo byose bijyanye n’imirimo yose, gukomeza akazi, iterambere ry’akazi ndetse n’akazi keza kandi keza; no kurengera uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga, ku buryo bungana n’abandi, ku [[:en:Decent_work|mibereho myiza kandi myiza y’akazi]], harimo amahirwe angana no [[:en:Equal_pay_for_equal_work|guhembwa kimwe ku kazi gafite agaciro kangana]], akazi keza kandi keza, harimo no gukorerwa [[:en:Harassment|ihohoterwa]], no [[:en:Redress_of_grievances|gukemura ibibazo]] ; <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Article 27 – Work and employment {{!}} United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-27-work-and-employment.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> yaka yemeye kwemeza ko ababana n’ubumuga bashoboye gukoresha uburenganzira bwabo bw’abakozi [[:en:Trade_union|n’abakozi]] ku buryo bungana n’abandi; gushoboza ababana n'ubumuga kubona neza gahunda rusange yubuyobozi bwa tekiniki n’imyuga, serivisi zita ku myanya n’amahugurwa [[:en:Vocational_education|y’imyuga]] no gukomeza; guteza imbere amahirwe yo kubona akazi no guteza imbere umwuga ku bafite ubumuga ku isoko ry'umurimo, ndetse no gufasha mu gushaka, kubona, kubungabunga no gusubira ku kazi; no guteza imbere amahirwe yo [[:en:Self-employment|kwihangira imirimo]], [[:en:Entrepreneurship|kwihangira imirimo]], guteza imbere amakoperative no gutangiza umushinga wawe bwite, kubona uburambe ku kazi, gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe imyuga n’umwuga, kugumana akazi na gahunda yo gusubira ku kazi ku bafite ubumuga. <ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Article 27 – Work and employment {{!}} United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-27-work-and-employment.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> Ababuranyi biyemeje ko amacumbi yuzuye ahabwa ababana n’ubumuga ku kazi kandi ko ababana n’ubumuga badafunzwe mu bucakara cyangwa mu bucakara, kandi bakarindwa, ku buryo bungana n’abandi, ku [[:en:Unfree_labour|mirimo y'agahato cyangwa ku gahato]] . <ref name=":33">{{Cite web |title=Article 27 – Work and employment {{!}} United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-27-work-and-employment.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> ==== Imibereho ihagije yo kurengera no kurengera imibereho ==== Ingingo ya 28 isaba ko ibihugu by’ibihugu byemera uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ku [[:en:Right_to_an_adequate_standard_of_living|mibereho ihagije y’imibereho]] yabo ndetse n’imiryango yabo, harimo [[:en:Right_to_food|ibiribwa bihagije]], [[:en:Right_to_clothing|imyambaro]] [[:en:Right_to_housing|n’amazu]], ndetse no kurushaho kunoza imibereho, kandi igafata ingamba zikwiye zo kurinda no guteza imbere ubwo burenganzira nta vangura rishingiye ku bumuga. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Article 28 - Adequate standard of living and social protection {{!}} United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-28-adequate-standard-of-living-and-social-protection.html |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> Ibihugu bigize ibihugu byemera uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga bwo [[:en:Social_security|kurengera imibereho]] no kubahiriza ubwo burenganzira nta vangura rishingiye ku bumuga, kandi bugafata ingamba zikwiye zo kubungabunga no guteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uburenganzira, harimo n’ingamba; kuri gahunda zo kurengera imibereho na gahunda [[:en:Poverty_reduction|zo kugabanya ubukene]] (cyane cyane ku bagore n’abakobwa bafite ubumuga n’abasaza bafite ubumuga); <ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=Article 28 - Adequate standard of living and social protection {{!}} United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-28-adequate-standard-of-living-and-social-protection.html |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> By'umwihariko, amashyaka agomba kwemeza ko ababana n'ubumuga bagera kuri serivisi z’amazi meza, kandi bakareba serivisi zikwiye kandi zihendutse, [[:en:Assistive_technology|ibikoresho]] n’ubundi [[:en:Social_assistance|bufasha]] mu bijyanye n’ubumuga; kugera ku bafite ubumuga n'imiryango yabo ibaye mu bihe by'ubukene kugira ngo bafashe Leta ifite amafaranga ajyanye n'ubumuga, harimo amahugurwa ahagije, [[:en:Counselling|ubujyanama]], ubufasha bw'amafaranga no kwita ku buruhukiro; kubona gahunda [[:en:Public_housing|zimiturire rusange]], inyungu zizabukuru nibindi byinshi. <ref name=":43">{{Cite web |title=Article 28 - Adequate standard of living and social protection {{!}} United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-28-adequate-standard-of-living-and-social-protection.html |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> === Kubaho byigenga, ubufatanye mpuzamahanga no gushyira mu bikorwa igihugu, ubunyangamugayo, kurinda ibiza === Ibice bimwe bya CRPD byerekana "igisekuru cya gatatu" uburenganzira bwa muntu, rimwe na rimwe bisobanurwa nkuburenganzira bushya, "ubwisanzure hamwe", uburenganzira bw’ubufatanye, cyangwa uburenganzira bwitsinda. Bagaragaza ko uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga buzakenera kuvangwa n’abafite ubumuga, ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, no gushyira mu bikorwa igihugu. ===== Ibihe byugarije ibihe byihutirwa ===== Ingingo ya 11 y’aya Masezerano yemeza ko ibihugu by’ibihugu bizafata, hakurikijwe inshingano zabyo mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, harimo amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera ikiremwamuntu n’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, ingamba zose zikenewe mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano n’umutekano w’abafite ubumuga mu bihe by’amakimbirane yitwaje intwaro, ibibazo byihutirwa by’ikiremwamuntu ndetse n’ibiza byibasiwe n’ibiza . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 11 – Situations of risk and humanitarian emergencies {{!}} United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-11-situations-of-risk-and-humanitarian-emergencies.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> ==== Kubaho wigenga ==== Ingingo ya 19 ya CRPD, " Kubaho mu bwigenge no gushyirwa mu baturage", ifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ingingo ya 3 (Amahame rusange) n'ingingo ya 4 (Inshingano rusange). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Pyaneandee, Coomara |year=2018 |title=International disability law: a practical approach to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-59346-6 |location=Abingdon, Oxfordshire |oclc=1023814369}}</ref> Nkuko rimwe na rimwe byagaragajwe muri Komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga 'Gusoza Indorerezi kuri raporo z’ababuranyi buri gihe cyangwa mu gitekerezo rusange cyatanzwe na komite, ubumuga bitewe n’imiterere yarwo burimo kwuzuzanya, ariko ibihugu birashobora gushishikariza cyangwa guca intege ubwigenge bw’abafite ubumuga n’imiryango y’abafite ubumuga. <ref>{{Cite SSRN|last=Gooding|first=Piers M.|date=2018-11-21|title=The Right to Independent Living and Being Included in the Community: Lessons from the United Nations|language=en|ssrn=3288312}}</ref> ==== Ubufatanye mpuzamahanga no gushyira mu bikorwa igihugu ==== Ingingo ya 32 ya CRPD ivuga ku bufatanye n’amahanga, naho ingingo ya 33 ivuga ku ngorabahizi zishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’igihugu kugira ngo byoroherezwe n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. By'umwihariko, ingingo ya 32 iteganya ko "Ibihugu bigize ibihugu byemera akamaro k'ubufatanye mpuzamahanga&nbsp;... kandi izakora ibikwiye kandi byiza&nbsp;... ku bufatanye n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ndetse n’akarere bireba ndetse n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, cyane cyane imiryango y’abafite <ref>{{Cite book |last=Cobley |first=David |title=Disability and international development: a guide for students and practitioners |isbn=978-1-315-20855-8 |edition=first |location=London |oclc=1020564808}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 32 - International cooperation {{!}} United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-32-international-cooperation.html |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> Uburenganzira n’ubumuga byombi biterwa nubwitabire bwa rubanda, ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, no gushyira mubikorwa igihugu. Nkuko bigaragara mu ngingo ya 33 ya CRPD, amashyaka agomba kugira uruhare muri sosiyete sivile, kandi yashyizeho " ingingo yibanze ", akenshi mubikorwa inzego zigihugu zita ku burenganzira bwa muntu . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Mertus |first=Julie |date=2009 |title=Human rights matters: local politics and national human rights institutions |url=https://archive.org/details/humanrightsmatte0000mert |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-6093-5 |location=Stanford, California |oclc=236143220}}</ref> === Kubitsa === Amashyaka menshi yagiye yanga kandi asobanura ibisobanuro cyangwa itangazo ryerekeye gushyira mu bikorwa ayo masezerano. <ref name="reservations">{{Cite web |title=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=treaties.un.org |language=EN}}</ref> Izi ni zimwe mu ngero: [[Ositaraliya|Australiya]] ntishobora kubona ko ihagaritse kuvura ku gahato abiyita abarwayi bo mu mutwe igihe ifatwa nk'uburyo bwa nyuma. <ref name="reservations2">{{Cite web |title=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=treaties.un.org |language=EN}}</ref> [[Saluvadoro|El Salvador]] yemera ayo masezerano ku buryo ihuje n'itegeko nshinga ryayo. <ref name="reservations3">{{Cite web |title=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=treaties.un.org |language=EN}}</ref> [[Ubufaransa]] ntibubona ko ayo masezerano yubahirizwa n'amategeko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-15 |title=Vincent Lambert. Le tribunal administratif de Paris rejette un recours des parents |url=https://www.letelegramme.fr/france/vincent-lambert-le-tribunal-administratif-de-paris-rejette-un-recours-des-parents-15-05-2019-12284607.php |access-date=2019-07-14 |website=Le Telegramme |language=fr-FR}}</ref> [[Ubuyapani]] buratangaza ko igika cya 4 cy’ingingo ya 23 y’amasezerano cyasobanuwe kudakurikizwa mu gihe umwana yatandukanijwe n’ababyeyi be biturutse ku koherezwa hakurikijwe amategeko y’abinjira . [[Malita|Malta]] isobanura uburenganzira ku buzima mu ngingo ya 25 y’amasezerano ko bidasobanura uburenganzira ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo gukuramo inda . Ifite kandi uburenganzira bwo gukomeza gukurikiza amategeko yayo y’amatora yerekeye kugerwaho no gufashwa. <ref name="reservations4">{{Cite web |title=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=treaties.un.org |language=EN}}</ref> [[Morise|Ibirwa bya Maurice]] ntibifata ko bigomba kubahirizwa n'ingingo ya 11 yo gufata ingamba zose za ngombwa zo kurinda ababana n'ubumuga mu gihe cy'impanuka kamere, amakimbirane yitwaje intwaro cyangwa ibyihutirwa by’ubutabazi, keretse byemewe n'amategeko yo mu gihugu. <ref name="reservations5">{{Cite web |title=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=treaties.un.org |language=EN}}</ref> [[Ubuholandi]] busobanura uburenganzira bwo kubaho mu ngingo ya 10 mu rwego rw’amategeko y’imbere mu gihugu. Irasobanura kandi ingingo ya 25 (f), ibuza kwanga ivangura ivangura, nko kwemerera umuntu kwanga kwivuza, harimo ibiryo cyangwa amazi. <ref name="reservations6">{{Cite web |title=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=treaties.un.org |language=EN}}</ref> [[Polonye]] isobanura ingingo ya 23 n'iya 25 ko zidafite uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda. <ref name="reservations7">{{Cite web |title=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=treaties.un.org |language=EN}}</ref> [[Ubwongereza]] bufite ubushake bujyanye n'uburenganzira bwo kwiga, abinjira n'abasohoka, serivisi mu gisirikare ndetse no mu mategeko agenga ubwiteganyirize. <ref name="reservations8">{{Cite web |title=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=treaties.un.org |language=EN}}</ref> Mu yandi mashyaka yiyemeje kubyemera, kubyumva, cyangwa gutangaza ko byemejwe cyangwa kwinjira harimo [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]], [[Azeribayijani|Azerubayijani]], [[Kanada]], [[Shipure|Kupuro]], [[Egypt|Misiri]], [[Irani]], [[Siriya|Repubulika y’Abarabu ya Siriya]], [[Venezuwela]], n’abandi benshi. Guhera ku ya 16 Kanama 2020, amashyaka 22 yari yatanze inzitizi zemewe n’andi mashyaka yanga, ibyo yumva, cyangwa imenyeka<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-15&chapter=4 |access-date=2020-08-17 |website=treaties.un.org |language=EN}}</ref>nisha. === Porotokole idahitamo === [[Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities|Amasezerano atemewe ku masezerano y’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga]] ni amasezerano y’amasezerano yemerera abayagiranye kumenya ubushobozi bwa Komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga gusuzuma ibibazo by’abantu ku giti cyabo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130207082800/https://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/disabilities-op.htm Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities] , Article 1.</ref> Inyandiko ishingiye cyane ku [[Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women|masezerano atemewe y’amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore]] Porotokole idahwitse yatangiye gukurikizwa n’amasezerano yo ku ya 3 Gicurasi 2008. <ref name="Scoop-EiF2">{{Cite web |date=2008-05-05 |title=Landmark UN treaty on rights of persons with disabilities enters into force |url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0805/S00048.htm |access-date=2008-06-28 |publisher=Scoop}}</ref> Guhera mu Kwakira 2023, ifite abasinya 94 n’amashyaka 105. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Treaty Collection: Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Icyiciro cya mbere ni Komite ishinzwe kwemeza ikirego. CRPD isaba "umunaniro wimiti yo murugo" (Ingingo ya 2 ya Protokole itabishaka). Komisiyo irashobora kandi gutegeka itumanaho ritemewe iyo ritazwi cyangwa ridafite ishingiro bihagije. Usaba arashobora gutanga ibimenyetso bifatika bivura imiti yo murugo byakongerwa bidafite ishingiro cyangwa bidashoboka [[:en:Optional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities|Amasezerano atemewe ku masezerano y’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga]] ni amasezerano y’amasezerano yemerera abayagiranye kumenya ubushobozi bwa Komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga gusuzuma ibibazo by’abantu ku giti cyabo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130207082800/https://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/disabilities-op.htm Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities] , Article 1.</ref> Inyandiko ishingiye cyane ku [[:en:Optional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_against_Women|masezerano atemewe y’amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore]] . Porotokole idahwitse yatangiye gukurikizwa n’amasezerano yo ku ya 3 Gicurasi 2008. <ref name="Scoop-EiF3">{{Cite web |date=2008-05-05 |title=Landmark UN treaty on rights of persons with disabilities enters into force |url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0805/S00048.htm |access-date=2008-06-28 |publisher=Scoop}}</ref> Guhera mu Kwakira 2023, ifite abasinya 94 n’amashyaka 105. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Treaty Collection: Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-15-a&chapter=4&clang=_en |access-date=2020-07-30 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Icyiciro cya mbere ni Komite ishinzwe kwemeza ikirego. CRPD isaba "umunaniro wimiti yo murugo" (Ingingo ya 2 ya Protokole itabishaka). Komisiyo irashobora kandi gutegeka itumanaho ritemewe iyo ritazwi cyangwa ridafite ishingiro bihagije. Usaba arashobora gutanga ibimenyetso bifatika bivura imiti yo murugo byakongerwa bidafite ishingiro cyangwa bidashoboka. <ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Pyaneandee |first=Coomara |year=2019 |title=International Disability Law |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-59347-3 |location=London |pages=19–21}}</ref> Ibiro by’Umuryango w’abibumbye bya Komiseri Mukuru w’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu bikomeza kwandika ibirego byose ku giti cye byatanzwe hakurikijwe amasezerano abishaka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CRPD: Complaints Procedure and Inquiries |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights}}</ref> Benshi mu itumanaho ryemejwe ko ryemewe byavuyemo ibitekerezo byatanzwe n'ababunganira n'abasesenguzi ba leta. Umuryango w’abafite ubumuga, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’abafite ubumuga, uvuga muri make kandi ugasobanura buri rubanza (imanza 37 guhera ku ya 30 Nyakanga 2020). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=CRPD Committee's Views on Individual Communications under the Optional Protocol |url=https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/crpd-committee-interpretation#LinkX |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=International Disability Alliance |archive-date=24 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724103741/https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/crpd-committee-interpretation#LinkX |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abantu baturutse muri Ositaraliya, Tanzaniya, Ubwongereza, Mexico, Lituwaniya, Ubudage, Espagne, Suwede, Otirishiya, Ubutaliyani, Burezili, Arijantine, Hongiriya, Ubugereki, na uquateur bazanye ibirego bya mbere. Itumanaho rimwe ryasuzumwe na komite ni ''X na Tanzaniya.'' Harimo umuntu ufite albinism yaciwe ukuboko. Kunanirwa kwa leta, kweretse komite, kwananiwe gukora iperereza cyangwa gukurikirana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2017 |title=Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |url=https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRPD/CRPD-C-18-DR-22-2014.pdf}}</ref> Andi makuru y’itumanaho CRPD yerekeranye n’abaturage batuye muri Ositaraliya yari yarashyizweho n’inzego, Umunyalituwaniya kugira ubutabera nyuma y’impanuka yo mu muhanda, umunya Ositaraliya utumva kubona ubutabera, umunya Otirishiya kubona amakuru akenewe kugira ngo akoreshe ubwikorezi rusange, n’akazi mu Butaliyani, Burezili, n'ahandi. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=CRPD Committee's Views on Individual Communications under the Optional Protocol |url=https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/crpd-committee-interpretation#LinkX |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=International Disability Alliance |archive-date=24 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724103741/https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/crpd-committee-interpretation#LinkX |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga === [[:en:Committee_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities|Komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga]] ni urwego rw’inzobere mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu zishinzwe gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano. Nimwe mu nzego icumi z’amasezerano zishyigikiwe n’ibiro [[:en:Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights|by’umuryango w’abibumbye bishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu]] i Geneve. Mu ikubitiro yari igizwe n’inzobere 12 zigenga z’uburenganzira bwa muntu, kimwe cya kabiri cyatowe manda y’imyaka ibiri naho ikindi gitorwa manda y’imyaka ine. <ref name="Art34">Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Article 34.</ref> Nyuma y’abanyamuryango batowe manda yimyaka ine, kimwe cya kabiri cyabanyamuryango batorwa buri myaka ibiri. Kubera ko ayo masezerano amaze kwemezwa 80, komite yaguwe ku banyamuryango 18 mu <ref name="Art34" /> Impuguke guhera ku ya 25 Nyakanga 2020, gukora kugeza mu mpera za 2020 cyangwa 2022 ni: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |title=Membership of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/Membership.aspx |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |publisher=UN OHCHR}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="width:450px;" !Izina !Leta !Igihe kirangiye <ref>All terms expire on 31 December of the year shown. {{Cite web |date=14 September 2012 |title=Election 2012 (United Nations Human Rights) |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/Elections2012.aspx |website=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> |- |[[Rosa Idalia Aldana Salguero|Rosa Idaliya Aldana Salguero]] | |2024 |- |Danlami Umaru Basharu | |2022 |- |[[Soumia Amrani]] | |2024 |- |Gerel Dondovdorj | |2024 |- |[[Vivian Fernández]] | |2024 |- |Mara Cristina GABRILLI | |2022 |- |Amalia Gamio Ríos - Umuyobozi wungirije | |2022 |- |[[Odelia Fitoussi]] - Raporo | |2024 |- |[[Mara Gabrilli]] | |2024 |- |Rosemary Kayess - Umuyobozi | |2022 |- |Miyeon Kim | |2022 |- |[[Samuel Njuguna Kabue]] | |2024 |- |[[Robert Martin (disability rights activist)|Robert Martin]] | |2024 |- |[[Floyd Morris]] | |2024 |- |Saowalak Thongkuay | |2024 |- |Jonas Ruskus - Umuyobozi wungirije | |2022 |} bitekerezo Rusange byatanzwe na Komite hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri buri raporo ya Leta kuri Komite bigaragaza aho amasezerano y’ubwumvikane n’ubwumvikane buke hagati y’impuguke cumi n'umunani, urugero nko muri Rusange Rusange ku burezi burimo abantu bose no ku mibereho yigenga. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Please clarify|<span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2020)">ibisobanuro bikenewe</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> <ref>{{Cite web |title=General Comments |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/crpd/pages/gc.aspx |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=OHCHR {{!}} Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx |access-date=2020-08-19 |website=www.ohchr.org}}</ref> Mu gihe gito, komite yatanze ibisobanuro birindwi rusange <ref>{{Cite web |title=OHCHR {{!}} General Comments |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/crpd/pages/gc.aspx |access-date=20 August 2020 |website=www.ohchr.org}}</ref> as of 19 Kanama 2020 , hamwe n’ibirenga ijana Kurangiza Indorerezi kuri raporo za leta. === Kunegura hamwe na caveats === Amasezerano na komite byatewe inkunga n’ibihugu n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, ariko bamwe banenga. By'umwihariko muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, abasenateri bakomeye bo muri Repubulika n’imiryango iharanira inyungu nk’ishyirahamwe ry’amategeko arengera amategeko yo mu rugo bavuga ko CRPD yangiza ubusugire.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kyl |first1=Jon |last2=Feith |first2=Douglas |last3=Fonte |first3=John |date=2013 |title=The War of Law |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=92 |pages=115–125 |jstor=23526912 |oclc=854752178}}</ref> Ibyo birego bivuguruzanya n'abunganira abize n'abashakashatsi.<ref name=":24">{{Cite SSRN|last=Kanter|first=Arlene S.|date=2019|title=Let's Try Again: Why the United States Should Ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities|language=en|ssrn=3373259}}</ref> Ku rundi ruhande, intiti nyinshi z’ubushakashatsi bw’abafite ubumuga zavuze ko CRPD idashoboka guteza imbere ubwoko bw’impinduka zikenewe mu guteza imbere uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga hagamijwe gukemura ubusumbane. <ref>Sherry, Mark. "The Promise of Human Rights for Disabled People" in ''Disability, Human Rights and the Limits of Humanitarianism'' Edited by Michael Gill and Cathy J. Schlund-Vials. London: Routledge, 2016.</ref> Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko abantu bose bagize umuryango w’abafite ubumuga bumva ko CRPD yabaye igikoresho cy’ingirakamaro mu buvugizi: abavugizi n’abarwanashyaka bo mu nzego z’ibanze mu Bwongereza ndetse no muri Hongiriya bavuze ko batabonye CRPD n’andi mategeko y’uburenganzira bwa muntu agira ingaruka mu buvugizi bwa buri munsi kandi ko badakunda gukoresha ayo mategeko, kuko badakunze gukora mu bikorwa. Amatora yo mu 2016 muri komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga yatumye hatorwa umunyamuryango umwe w’umugore n’abagabo 17, [ <ref>Petri G, Beadle-Brown J, Bradshaw J. “More Honoured in the Breach than in the Observance”—Self-Advocacy and Human Rights. Laws. 2017; 6(4):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws6040026</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-23 |title=Election leaves UN disability committee with 17 men and just one woman |url=https://www.disabilitynewsservice.com/election-leaves-un-disability-committee-with-17-men-and-just-one-woman/ |access-date=2020-08-15 |website=Disability News Service |language=en-GB}}</ref> mu matora yo mu 2018. Ibi byabaye nubwo CRPD yahamagaye mu ngingo ya 34 kugira ngo hasuzumwe "uburinganire bw’umugabo n'umugore" muri komite. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Degener |first=Theresia |date=2017 |title=10 years of Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |journal=Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights |volume=35 |issue=3 |page=156 |doi=10.1177/0924051917722294 |s2cid=149010474 |via=Hein}}</ref> === Ubufatanye bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ku burenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga === Ubufatanye bw’umuryango w’abibumbye ku burenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (UNPRPD) ni ubufatanye bwashinzwe mu 2011, hagati y’imiryango myinshi y’umuryango w’abibumbye n’indi miryango. Ubufatanye bugamije kongera imbaraga mu bikorwa by’akazi n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo mu kwinjiza ubumuga bijyanye na CRPD. Inzego z'umuryango w'abibumbye zitabira UNPRPD ni [[ILO]], [[ITU]], [[OHCHR]], [[UNDESA]], [[UNDP]], [[UNESCO]], [[UNFPA]], [[:en:UN_Women|UN UN Women]] na [[:en:WHO|OMS]] . Abandi banyamuryango ba UNPRPD barimo [[:en:International_Disability_Alliance|Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga]] n’umuryango [[:en:International_Disability_and_Development_Consortium|mpuzamahanga w’abafite ubumuga n’iterambere]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=https://www.unprpd.org/aboutus |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=www.unprpd.org}}</ref> === Reba kandi === * Amategeko y'Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga * Gutezimbere no guhanahana amakuru * Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga * Ibendera ry'ubumuga * Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga n’iterambere * Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abafite ubumuga * Amasezerano hagati y’Abanyamerika yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa ababana n’ubumuga * Amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu * Inzego z'igihugu zita ku burenganzira bwa muntu * Nta kintu na kimwe kuri twe tutari kumwe * Amahame yo kurinda abantu bafite uburwayi bwo mumutwe * Urugendo rwo kurokoka mu mutwe * Amacumbi ashyize mu gaciro * Igishushanyo mbonera * Raporo yisi ku bumuga === Inyandiko === Manda zose zirangira ku ya 31 Ukuboza umwaka werekanye. "Amatora 2012 (Umuryango w'Abibumbye Uburenganzira bwa Muntu)". Umuryango w’abibumbye. 14 Nzeri 2012. 9gep90mvf7ph4iivnn4ymb9j0cgjdx5 0 21706 136752 134566 2026-09-14T00:20:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aimable Bayingana''' ( yavutse ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1970) yari umuyobozi mukuru w’imikino mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=Geoffrey |date=2016-11-24 |title=Fans made Tour du Rwanda a success, says Bayingana |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/135643/Sports/fans-made-tour-du-rwanda-a-success-says-bayingana |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-23 |title=Jock Boyer washinze Team Rwanda Initiative agiye gusubira iwabo |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/jock-boyer-washinze-team-rwanda-initiative-agiye-gusubira-iwabo.hmtl |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=UMUSEKE |archive-date=2023-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074058/https://ar.umuseke.rw/jock-boyer-washinze-team-rwanda-initiative-agiye-gusubira-iwabo.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayingana yabaye perezida w’ishyirahamwe [[Rwanda Cycling Federation|ry’amagare mu Rwanda]] hagati ya 2007 na 2019. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-28 |title=Cycling gets new leadership |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/3857/Lifestyle/cycling-gets-new-leadership |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Kuva mu Kwakira 2018 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2019, yayoboye nk’umuyobozi w'ishyirahamwe ry’amagare rihuza ibihugu 33 bivuga igifaransa . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bishumba |first=Richard |date=2018-10-19 |title=Bayingana named new Francophonie cycling boss |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/159958/Sports/bayingana-named-new-francophonie-cycling-boss |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=October 20, 2018 |title=Rwandan Elected President OIF Cycling Federation |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/rwandan-elected-president-oif-cycling-federation |access-date=September 15, 2023 |work=igihe.com}}</ref> == Ubuzima == Bayingana yavutse ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1970, i [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]], [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]] . Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu by'ubugeni yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Lomé, [[Togo|muri Togo]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Thamimu |first=Hakizimana |date=February 22, 2013 |title=Aho gutorwa kwa Bayingana mu Ishyirahamwe Nyafurika ry'amagare byaturutse |url=https://www.igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/Aho-gutorwa-kwa-Bayingana-mu |access-date=September 15, 2023}}</ref> == Umwuga == Ku ya 5 Ukuboza 2007, mu gikorwa cyabereye kuri [[Stade Amahoro|Sitade Amahoro]], Bayingana yatorewe kuba perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’abahoze ari abasiganwa mu magare mu Rwanda, ubu akaba ari [[Rwanda Cycling Federation|FERWACY]] asimbuye Hon. Kamanda Charles wari umuyobozi kuva muri 2002, yayoboye uyu mwanya kugeza mu Ukuboza 2019. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Tity Thierry |first=Kayishema |date=January 8, 2014 |title=FERWACY iratora umuyobozi mushya |url=https://www.igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/ferwacy-baratora-umuyobozi-mushya |access-date=September 15, 2023}}</ref> Kuva mu 2009 kugeza mu Ukuboza 2019, yari Perezida wa Komite Ishinzwe Gutegura [[Tour du Rwanda|Tour Du Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The sky is the limit for Tour of Rwanda – Bayingana |url=http://www.tourdurwanda.rw/news/The-sky-is-the-limit-for-Tour-of-Rwanda-Bayingana |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Tour du Rwanda |archive-date=2023-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204153945/http://www.tourdurwanda.rw/news/The-sky-is-the-limit-for-Tour-of-Rwanda-Bayingana |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-24 |title=Un nouveau Président pour l'Union francophone de cyclisme - Actualité |url=https://www.directvelo.com/actualite/70251/un-nouveau-president-pour-l-union-francophone-de-cyclisme |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=DirectVelo |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074101/https://www.directvelo.com/actualite/70251/un-nouveau-president-pour-l-union-francophone-de-cyclisme |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuva mu 2013 kugeza mu 2019, Bayingana yabaye umwe mu bagize komite nshingwabikorwa barindwi b’ishyirahamwe ry’abasiganwa ku magare muri Afurika, muri uyu mwanya yatorewe kuyobora shampiyona y’umugabane w’Afurika y’amagare yabereye i Sharm El Sheikh, mu [[Misiri]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamasa |first=Peter |date=2013-10-08 |title=Bayingana to supervise Continental Championships |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/98699/Sports/bayingana-to-supervise-continental-championships |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamasa |first=Peter |date=2017-02-12 |title=Bayingana re-elected to Africa Cycling Confederation Board |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/137881/Sports/bayingana-re-elected-to-africa-cycling-confederation-board |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Bayingana yari na perezida w'amagre w'abavuga ififaransa kuva mu Kwakira 2018 kugeza Ukuboza 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2018 |title=Sport : le Tchad adhère à l'Union Francophone de Cyclisme – |url=https://journaldutchad.com/sport-le-tchad-adhere-a-lunion-francophone-de-cyclisme/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="Sabiiti">{{Cite web |last=Sabiiti |first=Daniel |date=2019-06-02 |title=Rwanda Dominates Kigali UCI Junior Race |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/06/rwanda-dominates-kigali-uci-junior-race/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> Muri uyu mwanya yateguye Kigali Union Cycliste Internationale Junior Race muri Gicurasi 2019, irushanwa mpuzamahanga ry’imikino y’amagare ry’urubyiruko ryabereye i [[Kigali]] ryateguwe na Union Francophone de Cyclisme ku bufatanye na [[Rwanda Cycling Federation|FERWACY]] na Association Internationale des maires Francophones . <ref name="Sabiiti" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikubwabo |first=Damas |date=2019-06-03 |title=Habimana, Nirere strike gold as Rwanda dominates Francophonie Youth Race |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/167038/Sports/habimana-nirere-strike-gold-as-rwanda-dominates-francophonie-youth-race |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> == Ibyagezweho == Muri 2009, Bayingana yafashije kwandika [[tour du Rwanda]] mu cyiciro cya 2.2 cy'amasiganwa, yazamuwe igera ku cyiciro cya 2.1 kuva muri 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugabe |first=Bonnie |date=2018-08-03 |title=All Set for Final 2.2 Tour du Rwanda Edition |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/08/all-set-for-final-2-2-tour-du-rwanda-edition/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=Geoffrey |date=2017-06-16 |title=All set for a 'bigger and better' Tour du Rwanda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/141505/Sports/all-set-for-a-bigger-and-better-tour-du-rwanda |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-17 |title=Rwanda targets Africa's first UCI Road World Championships |url=https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/rwanda-targets-africas-first-uci-road-world-championships/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=SportBusiness}}</ref> Bayingana mu gihe cye, u Rwanda rwateguye amarushanwa ya Afurika yo gusiganwa ku magare mu muhanda ku nshuro ya mbere muri 2010, ndetse no ku nshuro ya kabiri mu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-07 |title=Rwanda to host 2018 African Cycling Road Championships |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/127803 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.newtimes.co.rw}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-27 |title=Rwanda chooses cyclist to be Olympic flag bearer |url=https://www.bikeradar.com/news/rwanda-chooses-cyclist-to-be-olympic-flag-bearer/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=BikeRadar}}</ref> [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] rwanateguye amarushanwa ya Afurika yo gusiganwa ku magare mu misozi ku nshuro ya mbere mu 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-12 |title=Battle Of Mighty Bikers In Rwanda's 1000 Mountains |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2015/05/battle-of-mighty-bikers-in-rwandas-1000-mountains/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press |archive-date=2023-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074108/https://www.ktpress.rw/2015/05/battle-of-mighty-bikers-in-rwandas-1000-mountains/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Nzeri 2019, [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] rwohereje ubusabe bwemewe bwo kwakira amarushanwa y’isi yo gusiganwa ku magare mu 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-27 |title=UCI invites Africa to host 2025 UCI Road World Champs |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/156497/Sports/uci-invites-africa-to-host-2025-uci-road-world-champs |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-12 |title=Rwanda submits bid to host World Championships in 2025 {{!}} Cycling Today Official |url=https://cycling.today/rwanda-submits-bid-to-host-world-championships-in-2025/ |access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabiiti |first=Daniel |date=2020-01-19 |title=UCI Boss Hints 'Backing' Rwanda's Bid for 2025 Cycling Race |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/01/uci-boss-hints-backing-rwandas-bid-for-2025-cycling-race/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press |archive-date=2023-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074102/https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/01/uci-boss-hints-backing-rwandas-bid-for-2025-cycling-race/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2018, ikipe y'igihugu y'u Rwanda yo gusiganwa ku magare na [[Joseph Areruya|Areruya Joseph]] begukanye irushanwa ry'amagare [[La Tropicale Amissa Bongo|rya Tropicale Amissa Bongo]] ( Tour du Gabon ), ryari ku nshuro ya mbere ikipe ya Afurika iba ku rutonde rw'amakipe y'afurika atwara iri rushanwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabiiti |first=Daniel |date=2018-01-26 |title=Areruya Joseph Selected for U23 Tour of France |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/01/areruya-joseph-selected-for-u23-tour-of-france/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tabaro |first=Jean de la Croix |date=2018-02-06 |title=Africa's Cyclist of The Year Brings Third Trophy Home |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/02/africas-cyclist-of-the-year-brings-third-trophy-home/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamasa |first=Peter |date=2018-01-21 |title=Areruya wins La Tropicale Amissa Bongo 2018 race |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/148141/Sports/areruya-wins-la-tropicale-amissa-bongo-2018-race |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> Mu gihe yamaze ku buyobozi, abakinnyi b'amagare b'u Rwanda begukanye [[Tour du Rwanda]] inshuro eshanu, 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuel |date=2014-11-24 |title=Tour Du Rwanda 2014, Ndayisenga Valens has won The Tour {{!}} ISURAPE |url=https://isurape.rw/tour-du-rwanda-2014/ |access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref> 2015, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamasa |first=Peter |date=2015-11-22 |title=Rwandan Nsengimana wins Tour du Rwanda 2015 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/124699/Sports/rwandan-nsengimana-wins-tour-du-rwanda-2015 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> 2016, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-21 |title=Rwanda's Valens Ndayisenga wins 2016 Tour du Rwanda |url=https://www.africanews.com/2016/11/21/rwanda-s-valens-ndayisenga-wins-2016-tour-du-rwanda/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Africanews}}</ref> 2017, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugabe |first=Bonnie |date=2017-11-20 |title=Areruya Elated with Tour du Rwanda Victory |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/11/areruya-elated-with-tour-du-rwanda-victory/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=KT Press}}</ref> na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=Geoffrey |date=2018-08-13 |title=Mugisha is Tour du Rwanda champion |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/157232/Sports/mugisha-is-tour-du-rwanda-champion |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> == Ibihembo == Ku ya 18 Gashyantare 2018, Bayingana yahawe igihembo cy'ishimwe na Dr Mohamed Wagih Azzam perezida w'ishyirahamwe ry'abasiganwa ku magare muri Afurika kubera akazi gakomeye yakoze mu guteza imbere umukino w'amagare mu [[Rwanda]] no [[Afurika|muri Afurika]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-18 |title=Aimable Bayingana yahawe igihembo cy'ishimwe |url=https://panorama.rw/aimable-bayingana-yahawe-igihembo-cyishimwe/ |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Panorama |archive-date=2023-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919074100/https://panorama.rw/aimable-bayingana-yahawe-igihembo-cyishimwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=Geoffrey |date=2018-08-04 |title=Cycling: UCI to set up Training Centre in Rwanda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/156811/Sports/cycling-uci-to-set-up-training-centre-in-rwanda |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The New Times}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] 2h02ef6vb6br759z65mg5f5499bpij0 3 22654 136755 134693 2026-09-14T02:43:40Z MediaWiki message delivery 4287 /* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-38 */ new section 136755 wikitext text/x-wiki == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:05, 21 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as "The Forbidden Fruit"). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a "scientific fraud". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:32, 25 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan community work".jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine. The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:56, 1 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:kr:주령구]])&#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata. L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 8 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30622359 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 15 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30662919 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:52, 22 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div>--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:44, 29 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:35, 6 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 13 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immigration to Switzerland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In 2023, resident foreigners made up 26.3% of Switzerland's population. Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Italy provided the largest single group of foreigners, accounting for 14.7% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germany (14.0%), Portugal (11.7%), France (6.6%), Kosovo (5.1%), Spain (3.9%), Turkey (3.1%), North Macedonia (3.1%), Serbia (2.8%), Austria (2.0%), United Kingdom (1.9%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) and Croatia (1.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 20 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:00, 27 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30849684 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:11, 3 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30879613 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca. Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo. Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 10 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30889664 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 17 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mk:Ден на македонската револуционерна борба]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle''' (Macedonian: Ден на македонската револуционерна борба),[1] also known as Day of VMRO, is a national holiday which is celebrated on October 23 in North Macedonia. In 2007, the holiday was voted into law as a new national holiday. It is a non-working day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:15, 24 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wimmen's Comix]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Wimmen's Comix''''', later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:54, 31 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30988228 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulet affair]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulet affair''', also known as British Hawaii, was the insubordinate five-month occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1843 by British naval officer Captain Lord George Paulet, of HMS Carysfort. It was ended by the arrival of American warships sent to defend Hawaii's independence. The British government in London did not authorise the move and it had no official status. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 7 Nzeri 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30993988 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:No-AI label]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:No AI Sign.svg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''no-AI label''' is a label used on a product to signify that it was not made using generative AI. Phrases on the labels include but are not limited to "human-made", "proudly human" and "AI-free". Some organisations that provide the labels allow product creators to download and use their no-AI labels for free, while others charge creators for analysing the content and allowing the use of the labels if the organisation believes that no AI was used. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 14 Nzeri 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31028050 --> o3so2hqo71q2jdxivjp41gauccdtlyk 0 23013 136751 135712 2026-09-13T23:30:29Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136751 wikitext text/x-wiki The Polygamist ni filime y'uruhererekane yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yasohotse kurubuga rwa Netflix ku wa 12 Kamena 2026. Yubakiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na Sue Nyathi , ikaba igizwe n'ibice 22. Inkuru yayo ikaba ishingiye ku mugabo Jonasi Gomora , Umucuruzi w'icyamamre wubatse ubukungu bukomeye ariko ubuzima bwe bwo murugo burasenyuka kubera kugira abagore n'abakunzi benshi. Abagore be batangira kurwanira urukundo , ubutegetsi n'umutungo ibintu bikurura amabanga , ubuhemu n'intambara z'imbere mu muryango.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/hamenyekanye-amafaranga-bivugwa-ko-abakinnyi-ba-filime-the-polygamist-bahembwe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-07-09 |archive-date=2026-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260713151244/https://bwiza.com/hamenyekanye-amafaranga-bivugwa-ko-abakinnyi-ba-filime-the-polygamist-bahembwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uduhigo imaze guca == Mu gihe gito imaze , The polygamist yabaye imwe muri filime 10 za Netflix zirikurebwa cyane ku isi, ndetse yigeze no kugera ku mwanya wa 3 ku rutonde rwiziri kurebwa cyane ku isi . Mu cyumweru cya kabiri nyuma yo gusohoka , yarebwe inshuro zingana na milliyoni 7.7 ku rwego rw'isi , iza ku mwanya wa 2 muri filime z'uruhererekane zitari mu cyongerereza zirikureba kuri uru rubuga.<ref name=":0" /> Mu byumweru bine imaze ,ikomeje kuguma muri 10 zambere za Netflix ku isi , yanashimwe n'abasesenguzi ba filime, aho Rotten Tomatoes amanota 75 ku isuzuma ry'ubusesenguzi. ibibyatumwe iba imwe muri filime z'uruhererekane zo muri Afurika y'Epfo zakunzwe cyane kuri Netflix muri 2026.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/umusogongero-wa-the-polygamist-filime-ikomeje-gukora-ku-marangamutima-ya-benshi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} rb617l786aki4izsgacoobhbaga0h4c