Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8504 137136 135128 2026-09-14T15:03:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 137136 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cultivateur_de_manioc.jpg|thumb|Umuhinzi w'imyumbati<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cultivateur_de_manioc.jpg</ref>|321x321px]] [[Dosiye:Malpighiales - Manihot esculenta - 1.jpg|thumb|Umyumbati]] [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta - Tapioca - Cassava at Periya (3).jpg|thumb|Umyumbati]] [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta - Tapioca - Cassava at Periya (9).jpg|thumb|Imyumbati]] [[Dosiye:Cassava plant farm in Ikirun.jpg|thumb|Cassava plant farm]] [[Dosiye:Starr-090618-1232-Manihot esculenta-habit-Wailua-Maui (24598375929).jpg|thumb|Imyumbati]] [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta - cross section 2.jpg|thumb|Umwumbati]] [[Dosiye:Manioc du Cameroun.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta x glaziovii.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Musoke Deo MDK-MUSO African Cassava harvest.jpg|thumb|Imyumbati]] [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta - Tapioca - at Kottappuram Market - WikiSangamotsavam 2018, Kottappuram, Kodungalloor.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:A tapioca field.JPG|thumb|Umurima ]] = Uburyo bwo guhinga imyumbati kijyambere = == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta dsc07325.jpg|thumb|255x255px]] Kimwe mu bihingwa bihingwa kuva kera kandi kiri mu biribwa ngandurarugo by’ingenzi ni imyumbati<ref name=":0">https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323756#:~:text=Cassava%20is%20a%20calorie%2Drich,contain%20up%20to%2025%25%20protein.</ref>. Nubwo kera byavugwaga ko ari ibiribwa by’abatishoboye, nyamara kuri ubu siko biri ahubwo isigaye iri mu biribwa biboneka hacye dore ko n’indwara zifata imyumbati zituma umusaruro wayo ugenda ugabanyuka mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>http://www.iita.org/news-item/iita-trains-cassava-processors-and-bakers-in-rwanda/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%202018%20data,in%20terms%20of%20cultivated%20area.&text=So%20far%2C%20cassava%20has%20only,used%20for%20ugali%20or%20foufou.</ref>. Gusa iri mu biribwa bifite intungamubiri nyinshi ndetse abahanga bavuga ko ushobora kuyisimbuza umuceri dore ko byenda kunganya intungamubiri<ref name=":0" />. Mu ntungamubiri zibonekamo twavuga ibyongera ingufu, poroteyine, ibinure, ibinyasukari, fibre[[, [[Vitamini B1]], [[Vitamini B2]], [[Vitamini B3]], [[Vitamin B9]], [[Vitamini C]], vitamin K, imyunyungugu nka karisiyumu, phosphore, ubutare, magnesium na sodiyumu. Ibi byose nibyo bituma iba ikiribwa cy’ingenzi kandi gifitiye umubiri akamaro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/imyumbati/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-04 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226195446/https://umutihealth.com/imyumbati/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323756</ref> == Aho imyumbati ihingwa kandi yera neza == <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=188 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-04 |archive-date=2020-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201750/https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=188 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Itanga umusaruro mwiza mu Mayaga no mu Mirambi no mu mukenke by’Iburirazuba<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/</ref>. [[File:Cassava.jpg|thumb|Imyumbati yasaruwe yeze neza<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cassava.jpg</ref>|257x257px]] === Ubutaka === Ni igihingwa gikunda ubutaka buseseka<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/07169_Production_techniques_cassava.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-08-14 |archive-date=2016-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005114611/http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/07169_Production_techniques_cassava.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amoko yamamazwa === <ref name=":1">https://www.leaf.tv/articles/types-of-cassava/#:~:text=Bitter%20cassava%20is%20very%20similar,as%20490%20parts%20per%20million.</ref>Hari amoko menshi ariko atangwa n’ubishakashatsi ni aya: ==== Mu Miribwa ==== Ndamirabana(TME14). Mbakungahaze(95/NA/00063), Cyizere(192/0057),Mbagarumbise. [[Dosiye:Malpighiales - Manihot esculenta - 1.jpg|thumb|252x252px]] ==== Mu bwoko bwa Gitaminsi ==== Creolina na Gakiza === Gutegura umurima === Imirimo isabwa ni ibiri: Kurwanya isuri no gutegura umurima<ref>https://www.justagric.com/land-preparation-techniques-for-planting-cassava/#:~:text=Cassava%20requires%20a%20sandy%20loam,to%20enable%20it%20retains%20moisture.</ref> . === Gufumbira === Bashyira toni 10-20 z’ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza bakongeramo kg 300/Ha za NPK 17.17.17 mu kaziga kazengurutse ingeri zimaze gufata<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=188 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-04 |archive-date=2020-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201750/https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=188 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. === Igera imbuto === Haterwa ingeri 10 000 kuri Ha 1 zavuye mu murima w’imyumbati yera neza. Batera ingeri kuri m1 hagati y’imirongo no kuri m1 hagati y’ingeri n’iyindi kandi hagashyirwa ingeri imwe mu mwobo. Igihe cyiza cy’itera : ni hagati y’Ukwakira n’Ugushyingo<ref name=":2" /> === Gufata neza imyumbati mu murima === Nyuma y’ukwezi bamaze gutera imyumbati igomba kubagarwa, bakayisukira imaze kugira cm 60 z’uburebure. Bongera kubagara iyo bibaye ngombwa imyumbati ifite amezi atatu<ref name=":2" />. [[File:Women_in_a_cassava_farm_in_DRC.jpg|thumb|Abahinzi b'imyumbati b'abagore<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_in_a_cassava_farm_in_DRC.jpg</ref>|230x230px]] === Imbyonyi n’indwara === Mu kurwanya ibyonnyi n’indwara, umuhinzi agomba gukoresha ubwoko bwihanganira indwara, guterera igihe akabona gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda<ref>https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/factsheetforfarmers/20127801787</ref> . === Agatagangurirwa === Ni agakoko gafite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi bita Mononychellus tanaioa<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=188 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-04 |archive-date=2020-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201750/https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=188 |url-status=dead }}</ref> twangiza imyumbati mu gihe cy’izuba. Ku myumbati tugaragara ku mababi yo hejuru akivuka no ku mutwe w’amashami kuko horoshye . Ikimenyetso: amababa usanga ari icyatsi kibisi kivanzemo utubara tw’ umuhondo kandi twinshi. Amababi ata ireme akagwingira ntakure . Ku mutwe w’amashami hasigara utubabi tumeze nk’utwana tw’inyoni .Umwumbati ugira ingingo ngufi cyane<ref name=":3" /> . ==== Uko barwanya iyo ndwara ==== [[Dosiye:Tapioca (Manihot esculenta).jpg|thumb]] Gutera imyumbati yera vuba mu gihe imvura itangiye kugwa no gutera imyaka yihanganira agataganurirwa. ==== Indwara y’Ububembe ==== Ni indwara iterwa n’agakoko ka virusi yitwa Cassava Mosaic Virus(CMV), iyo virus ikwirakwizwa n’isazi yitwa Bemisia tabaci .Iyo ndwara ikunze kuboneka hose mu Rwanda. ==== Ibimenyetso ==== Indwara itangira ibibabi Bizana amabara y’umuhondo, ahasigaye ari icyatsi hagakomeza gukura ugasanga ikibabi kiri kw’ikunja kunja kigapfunyarara nyuma kikagira amatwi. Iyo bikabije umwumbati ukura nabi ukagwingira. ==== Uko bayirwanya ==== Umuhinzi ategekwa kurandura buri giti kirwaye mu murima , guhingira igihe, gutera imbuto nzima kandi z’indobanure kandi zihanganira iyo ndwara. Mu murima hagomba kandi kugirara isuku Imyumbati, no guhinga neza kandi agakumira ingaruka ziterwa na ya sazi. [[File:Récolte_du_manioc.jpg|thumb|Abahinzi bavuye gusarura imyumbati<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:R%C3%A9colte_du_manioc.jpg</ref>|247x247px]] === Igihe yerera === Imyumbati yera hagati y’ameze 18-24 kuri gitaminsi. Naho ku myumbati y’imiribwa ni hagati y’amezi 10-15<ref name=":1" />. === Gusarura no guhunika === Umusaruro ukunze kuboneka uri hagati ya toni 20 na toni 20 z’imyumbati kuri Ha. Naho ku birebana n’ihunika imyumbati iguma mu murima ikazakurwa bibaye ngombwa cyangwa ikabikwa ahantu humutse ari imivunde yumye<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/cassava/harvesting |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-08-14 |archive-date=2021-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814062621/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/cassava/harvesting |url-status=dead }}</ref>. = Amashakiro = {{Reflist}} rxm1nh29isuq0sef2iuxq7c6haa1b9k 0 8954 136889 132441 2026-09-14T13:07:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136889 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amashyuza n'iki? == [[File:A river in Rwanda (2044026946).jpg|thumb|Umugezi mu Rwanda|295x295px]] Amazi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buzima bw'abantu. Abahanga bavuga ko n'ubuzima ubwabwo butangirira mu mazi. Hari ibyiza by'amazi ava mu butaka agasohoka ashyushye yitwa Amashyuza.<ref name=":0">https://kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/amashyuza-avura-indwara-nyinshi-zirimo-na-bronchites</ref> Amashyuza ni amazi agaragara no mu nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu mu Rwanda, asohoka mu butaka ashyushye, rimwe na rimwe atogota nk’inkono imaze gufata umuriro. Mu Karere ka Rubavu amashyuza aboneka mu Murenge wa Nyamyumba, akaba akunze no gusurwa n’abantu benshi. === Akamaro k'amashyuza === Ubushyuhe karemano buba mu mashyuza ni bwo butuma agira imbaraga mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye, cyane cyane iz'imitsi (rubagimpande). Iyo ayo mazi akiri mu isoko aba ashobora no kurenza dogere 60 z'ubushyuhe, ariko iyo ageze hanze aba ari hagati ya degere z'ubushye 28 na 36.<ref name=":0" /> Kugira ngo umuntu abone ibyiza by'amashyuza nk'umuti, uretse koga ayo mazi, bayakoresha mu gihe barimo kugorora umuntu ayamo (massage). Ibyo bigakorwa n'abantu bize kandi bazobereye ibyo kugorora ingingo bitwa 'kinesitherapeutes' mu rurimi rw'Igifaransa.<ref name=":0" /> Urwo rubuga ruvuga ko hari abantu bajya kwa muganga bakabandikira imiti itandukanye, nyuma bamara kubona ntacyo ibamariye , bakibuka ko bashobora no kwivuza imiti gakondo usanga mu mico y'ibihugu bitandukanye. Muri iyo miti gakondo harimo n'amazi y'amashyuza.<ref name=":0" /> === Ni ryari umuntiu agirwa inama yo kwivurisha amashyuza? === Amashyuza akoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye harimo iz'imitsi, no kubabara mu ngingo. Hari kandi n'indwara z'uruhu zivurwa n'amashyuza. ==== Amashyuza ni meza mu kuvura indwara zifata mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. ==== Nk'abantu barwara indwara yitwa 'bronchite' irangwa no gukorora igihe kirekire ariko itandura, umuhaha n'izindi, bagirwa inama yo koga amazi y'amashyuza. Ayo mazi atuma amatembabuzi asa n'ashonga, bityo imyanya y'ubuhumekero igakora neza bitagombye gusaba imiti yo kwa muganga. Intego yo gukoresha aya mazi ni ukugabanya imiti bita ' antibiotiques'.<ref name=":0" /> ===== Amashyuza ni meza ku ruhu rw'umuntu: ===== Amashyuza nubwo yagurwa yaramaze gutunganywa agashyirwa mu macupa n'umwuka, cyangwa se agashyirwa mu mavuta yo gusiga ku ruhu, igihe cyose agira akamaro. Ibyiza by'amashyuza ku ruhu rw'umuntu ni ibintu bizwi guhera mu myaka ya cyera, kuko hari abantu bajyaga bayakoresha ku ruhu rwafuruswe cyangwa rurwaye rugakira. Amashyuza akoreshwa ku ruhu rw'umuntu umaze kwiyogosha kugira ngo atagira imiburu, ku ruhu rwababuwe n'izuba ryinshi, ku ruhu rwahuye, n'ubushye, kuko afasha uruhu gukira vuba.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro: == <references /> 63dobd07zvfle2kdngpjz2iaamxk746 137154 136889 2026-09-15T10:44:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 137154 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amashyuza''' ni amazi ava mu butaka afite ubushyuhe karemano, rimwe na rimwe akaba ashyushye cyane. Mu Rwanda, amashyuza aboneka ahantu hatandukanye, cyane cyane mu nkengero z'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], nko mu [[Karere ka Rubavu]]. == Ibisobanuro == [[File:A river in Rwanda (2044026946).jpg|thumb|295px|Umugezi mu Rwanda]] Amazi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buzima bw'abantu. Hari amazi ava mu butaka agasohoka ashyushye yitwa '''amashyuza'''. Mu nkengero z'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] mu Rwanda, hari amashyuza asohoka mu butaka afite ubushyuhe bwinshi, rimwe na rimwe agatogota nk'amazi amaze gufata umuriro. Mu [[Karere ka Rubavu]], amashyuza aboneka mu [[Nyamyumba (Rubavu)|Murenge wa Nyamyumba]], aho akunze gusurwa n'abantu benshi.<ref name="KigaliToday">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/amashyuza-avura-indwara-nyinshi-zirimo-na-bronchites |title=Amashyuza avura indwara nyinshi zirimo na bronchites |author=Mediatrice Uwingabire |website=Kigali Today |date=2019-07-03 |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Akamaro k'amashyuza == Ubushyuhe karemano bw'amashyuza butuma akoreshwa mu gufasha abantu bafite ibibazo bitandukanye, cyane cyane iby'imitsi n'ububabare bwo mu ngingo. Amazi akiri ku isoko ashobora kugira ubushyuhe burenga dogere 60, ariko amaze kugera hanze ubushyuhe bwayo bushobora kuba hagati ya dogere 28 na 36.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> Amashyuza ashobora gukoreshwa mu koga cyangwa mu bikorwa byo kugorora ingingo, bikozwe n'abantu babifitiye ubumenyi.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> Hari kandi abantu bayakoresha nk'uburyo gakondo bwo kugabanya ububabare cyangwa gufasha umubiri, rimwe na rimwe nyuma yo kuba baragerageje ubundi buryo bwo kwivuza.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> == Imikoreshereze mu buvuzi == Amashyuza akoreshwa mu gufasha abantu bafite ibibazo by'imitsi, kubabara mu ngingo, indwara zimwe z'uruhu ndetse n'ibibazo bimwe by'imyanya y'ubuhumekero.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> === Imyanya y'ubuhumekero === Hari abifashisha amashyuza mu kugabanya ibimenyetso by'indwara z'imyanya y'ubuhumekero, zirimo bronchite. Umwuka ushyushye n'amazi y'amashyuza bishobora gufasha koroshya amatembabuzi yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero no korohereza umuntu guhumeka.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> === Uruhu === Amashyuza ashobora no gukoreshwa ku ruhu, yaba akomotse ku isoko cyangwa yaratunganyijwe agashyirwa mu bicuruzwa bikoreshwa ku ruhu. Yakoreshejwe mu bihe bitandukanye mu kugabanya ububabare bw'uruhu, gufasha uruhu rwahiye n'izuba no kuruhura uruhu nyuma yo kwiyogosha.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> == Reba kandi == * [[Amazi]] * [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] * [[Rubavu]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Amazi]] [[Category:Ubuzima]] opc880ad3ktyathy46o18tn5kjvw4qj 137155 137154 2026-09-15T10:46:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* Ibisobanuro */ 137155 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amashyuza''' ni amazi ava mu butaka afite ubushyuhe karemano, rimwe na rimwe akaba ashyushye cyane. Mu Rwanda, amashyuza aboneka ahantu hatandukanye, cyane cyane mu nkengero z'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], nko mu [[Karere ka Rubavu]]. == Ibisobanuro == [[File:A river in Rwanda (2044026946).jpg|thumb|295px|Umugezi mu Rwanda]] Amazi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buzima bw'abantu. Hari amazi ava mu butaka agasohoka ashyushye yitwa amashyuza. Mu nkengero z'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] mu Rwanda, hari amashyuza asohoka mu butaka afite ubushyuhe bwinshi, rimwe na rimwe agatogota nk'amazi amaze gufata umuriro. Mu [[Karere ka Rubavu]], amashyuza aboneka mu [[Nyamyumba (Rubavu)|Murenge wa Nyamyumba]], aho akunze gusurwa n'abantu benshi.<ref name="KigaliToday">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/amashyuza-avura-indwara-nyinshi-zirimo-na-bronchites |title=Amashyuza avura indwara nyinshi zirimo na bronchites |author=Mediatrice Uwingabire |website=Kigali Today |date=2019-07-03 |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Akamaro k'amashyuza == Ubushyuhe karemano bw'amashyuza butuma akoreshwa mu gufasha abantu bafite ibibazo bitandukanye, cyane cyane iby'imitsi n'ububabare bwo mu ngingo. Amazi akiri ku isoko ashobora kugira ubushyuhe burenga dogere 60, ariko amaze kugera hanze ubushyuhe bwayo bushobora kuba hagati ya dogere 28 na 36.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> Amashyuza ashobora gukoreshwa mu koga cyangwa mu bikorwa byo kugorora ingingo, bikozwe n'abantu babifitiye ubumenyi.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> Hari kandi abantu bayakoresha nk'uburyo gakondo bwo kugabanya ububabare cyangwa gufasha umubiri, rimwe na rimwe nyuma yo kuba baragerageje ubundi buryo bwo kwivuza.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> == Imikoreshereze mu buvuzi == Amashyuza akoreshwa mu gufasha abantu bafite ibibazo by'imitsi, kubabara mu ngingo, indwara zimwe z'uruhu ndetse n'ibibazo bimwe by'imyanya y'ubuhumekero.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> === Imyanya y'ubuhumekero === Hari abifashisha amashyuza mu kugabanya ibimenyetso by'indwara z'imyanya y'ubuhumekero, zirimo bronchite. Umwuka ushyushye n'amazi y'amashyuza bishobora gufasha koroshya amatembabuzi yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero no korohereza umuntu guhumeka.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> === Uruhu === Amashyuza ashobora no gukoreshwa ku ruhu, yaba akomotse ku isoko cyangwa yaratunganyijwe agashyirwa mu bicuruzwa bikoreshwa ku ruhu. Yakoreshejwe mu bihe bitandukanye mu kugabanya ububabare bw'uruhu, gufasha uruhu rwahiye n'izuba no kuruhura uruhu nyuma yo kwiyogosha.<ref name="KigaliToday" /> == Reba kandi == * [[Amazi]] * [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] * [[Rubavu]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Amazi]] [[Category:Ubuzima]] jn9698bxzun8ta0nitl7t1fcymahnst 0 8989 136962 132104 2026-09-14T13:09:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136962 wikitext text/x-wiki == ''Inka na abashumba mumuco nyarwanda'' == Amateka y'Abashumba mu muco Nyarwanda intangiriro yayo ni ku gaciro gakomeye k'inka. Ayo mateka yari ashingiye ku mibereho, ubukungu, n'imiyoborere by'Igihugu. Abashumba bari umwe mu migabane ikomeye cyane igize umuryango mugari w'Abanyarwanda, kandi uruhare rwabo rwari runini mu buzima bwa buri munsi no mu butegetsi bwa cyami. Abashumba bari ingenzi cyane mu muco nyarwanda, kuko inka yari inkingi ya mwamba mu mibereho, ubukungu, imibanire, n'imihango by'u Rwanda rwo hambere.<ref name=":0">https://www.google.com/search?q=Amateka+y%27Abashumaba+mu+muco+Nyarwanda&sca_esv=247386aaf4f72303&sxsrf=AE3TifPK0lZ-Lf52aF8jJhHaFXxU-H9okg%3A1762856807321&ei=Zw8TaaSpE-7r7_UPza6siQw&ved=0ahUKEwjk-Kiu8emQAxXu9bsIHU0XK8EQ4dUDCBE&uact=5&oq=Amateka+y%27Abashumaba+mu+muco+Nyarwanda&gs_lp=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&sclient=gws-wiz-serp</ref> [[Dosiye:Cows in green field - nullamunjie olive grove.jpg|thumb|950x950px|Ishyo ry'Inka]] == ''Uruhare rw'Abashumba mu muco Nyarwanda:'' == ===== ''Agaciro k'inka'' ===== Mu muco Nyarwanda, inka zahawe agaciro kadasanzwe, zafatwaga nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubukire, ishema, n'ubumwe bw'umuryango. Abashumba (aborozi b'inka) bari abantu bubashywe cyane bitewe n'amatungo baragiraga kandi bakita ku mibereho zazo umunsi ku munsi.<ref name=":0" /> ===== ''Imibereho y'Abanyarwanda'' ===== Imibereho y'Abanyarwanda cyane cyane Abashumba, yari ishingiye ku bworozi, amata n'ibikomoka ku nka byari ingenzi mu buzima bwabo no mu mirire. Habagaho n'amagambo menshi yihariye, imigenzo, n'ibirungo bigendanye n'inka n'amata, bigaragaza ubushorishori byari bifite mu muco.<ref name=":0" /> ===== ''Mu Butware n'Imiyoborere'' ===== Mu Rwanda rwo hambere, habagamo inzego z'ubutegetsi zihariye zishingiye ku bworozi. Hariho umutware w'umukenke ushinzwe by'umwihariko amazi n'ubwatsi bw'inka, cyane cyane inka z'Ibwami( Inyambo). Uyu mutware yakusanyaga n'imisoro ku borozi.<ref name=":0" /> ===== ''Ubwiru n'Imihango'' ===== Abashumba bari bafite n'uruhare mu Bwiru (imihango y'ibwami y'ibanga). Hariho Umwiru-Mushumba, uwo mu nzu y'Abakeka, wari ushinzwe imihango yo kwimika imfizi y'ibwami n'indi migenzo ijyanye n'inka z'umwami. Ibi byerekana ko uruhare rwabo rwarenze imibereho isanzwe rukagera no mu miyoborere n'imihango y'igihugu.<ref name=":0" /> ===== ''Ubugeni n'Ubuvanganzo'' ===== Ubuvanganzo Nyarwanda burimo amazina y'inka, ibisigo birata inyambo n'umwami, ndetse n'inanga zivuga iby'ibwami, bigaragaza neza imibanire ya hafi Abanyarwanda bari bafitanye n'inka n'abashumba bazo.<ref name=":0" /> ===== ''Ihuzabukungu'' ===== Abashumba n'abahinga (abahinzi) babanaga mu buryo bw'ihuzabukungu, aho bahanahanaga ibicuruzwa n'umurimo, bigatuma umuryango nyarwanda uba umwe kandi ushingiye kuri byombi, nubwo hari imvugo ivuga ko Abatutsi bari abashumba cyane n'Abahutu bari abahinzi cyane.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro: == tm4c2kr2peqpwl1gfurrzfjr9q2ssag 0 9183 136963 132500 2026-09-14T13:09:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136963 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tidjara Kabendera.jpg|thumb|Tidjara Kabendera]] '''Kabendera''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse muri 1978, ni umunyamakuru wa Radiyo na televisiyo y'igihugu wakoreye umwuga w'itangazamakuru imyaka irenga 18<ref>http://www.bwiza.com/?Ni-iki-cyihishe-inyuma-y-ugusezera-kwa-Tidjara-Kabendera-wakoreye-RBA-imyaka-18</ref>. Akora ishoramari akaba ari umwana wa Kabendera Shinani nawe yari umunyamakuru wakoraga kuri radiyo Rwanda , ijwi rya Amerika na BBC<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/tidjara-amaze-imyaka-15-ku-ntebe-ya-se-shinani-wamamaye-kuri-radio-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-10-05 |archive-date=2021-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005032246/https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/tidjara-amaze-imyaka-15-ku-ntebe-ya-se-shinani-wamamaye-kuri-radio-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwe == [[Dosiye:Tanzania in its region.svg|thumb|Tidjara yavukiye mugihugu cya Tanzania]] Tidjara yavukiye mu Rwanda mu Karere ka Gasabo, aza kujya mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itangiye 1994 dore ko muri icyo gihugu ariho se umubyara avuka.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/147229/Lifestyle/my-efforts-to-advocate-for-swahili-speaking-are-paying-off-a-kabendera</ref> == Ibijyanye n'umwuga we == Aho muri Tanzaniya yize amashuri yisumbuye kuri Rugambwa Secondary School ndetse yiga itangazamakuru muri East African Training Institute (yafatwaga nk'agashami ka Dar es Salama). Muri 2002 yatangiriye itangazamakuru muri Tanzaniya Arusha kuri Radio 5.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89567/imyaka-15-irashize-tidjara-kabendera-akabije-inzozi-zo-gukumbuza-shinani-wamamaye-kuri-rad-89567.html</ref>2003 nibwo yagarutse mu Rwanda atangira gukora kuri Radio Rwanda kuva ubwo kugeza 2021,yakoranye kandi na Magic FM.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/imibereho/article/tidjara-kabendera-wakunzwe-cyane-muri-rba-yasezeye-ku-mirimo-ye-nyuma-y-imyaka</ref> == Mu bucuruzi == Tidjara Kabendere ni umwe mu banyarwandakazi binjiye muri businesi ndetse n'ubushoramari. Akora kandi ibijyanye no guhangana n'indwara zibasira uruhu ndetse akaba yarashinze iduka ricuruza amavuta avura indwara z'uruhu, harimo ibiheri, kumagara mumaso, amavuta menshi ndetse no gusatagurika bikaba byose bikorwa mu bimera karemano.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kigaliupdates.com/umunyamakuru-tidjara-kabendera-yiyemeje-guhangana-nindwara-zibasira-uruhu-ashinga-iduka-ricuruza-amavuta-yuruhu-akoze-mubimera-karemano/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-10-25 |archive-date=2021-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160639/https://kigaliupdates.com/umunyamakuru-tidjara-kabendera-yiyemeje-guhangana-nindwara-zibasira-uruhu-ashinga-iduka-ricuruza-amavuta-yuruhu-akoze-mubimera-karemano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tidjara akora kandi ubucuruzi bw'imyenda aho acuruza imyenda itandukanye ariko akita cyane ku myenda yabasilamu kandi yose ifite umwihariko.<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/09/video-tidjara-kabendera-yinjiye-mu_9.html</ref> === Inama atanga === Uyu mugore akomeza gushishikariza abadamu bagenzi be, gutinyuka ndetse no gushyira mubikorwa ibisubizo by'ibibazo byinshi bafite ndetse usanga no mubuzima bwa bagenzi babo bwa buri munsi.<ref>https://isano.rw/indi-mpamvu-yatumye-tidjara-kabendera-asezera-muri-rba/</ref> ==== Indi mibereho ==== Tidjara ni umubeyi w'abana 4 abahungu babiri n'abakobwa babiri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandatribune.com/umunyamakuru-tidjara-kabendera-yasezeye-rba-amaze-imyaka-18-akorera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-05-10 |archive-date=2021-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303183950/https://www.rwandatribune.com/umunyamakuru-tidjara-kabendera-yasezeye-rba-amaze-imyaka-18-akorera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro; == [[Category:Abagore]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubwiza]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] pzvlu77jmjyxcnb9lupkoezn0gw6cpm 0 9323 136964 132183 2026-09-14T13:09:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136964 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''<nowiki/>'4 Play ('''yasubiwemo muri'' Nollywood nka '''''4 can Play''''' by De-Kross Movies<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film742304.html</ref>, kuko gukwirakwiza mpuzamahanga) ni filimi yasohotse muuri 2010 yakorewe muri [[Nigeriya|Nigeria]] na [[Gana|Ghana]] ikozwe mu bwoko bwa romantic blue comedy yayobowe na Frank Rajah Arase, Star Majid Miche<ref>https://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=42492101&lang=en</ref>l<ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/4play-reloaded/</ref>, Yvonne Okoro, John Dumelo, Jackie Appiah, Roselyn Ngissah na Juliet Ibrahim<ref>https://answersafrica.com/15-ace-ghanaian-actors-who-got-their-big-break-to-fame-in-nollywood.html</ref> . Filime ikurikirwa ''nuruhererekane rwiswe 4Play Reloaded'', rwasohotse muri 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/92ddccfee9872e4a1ee0b1b53c7f3333 |title=See Lovely Photos of 3 Beautiful Nollywood Actress from Ghana |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112130138/https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/92ddccfee9872e4a1ee0b1b53c7f3333 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wundef.com/majid-michel/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112130143/https://wundef.com/majid-michel/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Yakiriye nomination 3 muri Gana Movie Awards muri 2010 kandi amaherezo yegukana igihembo cy'umukinnyi ''mwiza witwaye neza''<ref>https://www.entrepreneurs.ng/majid-michel/</ref> . == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/01/sinking-sands-nadia-buari-genevieve-nnaji-john-dumelo-win-at-the-2010-ghana-movie-awards/</ref> == * Majid Michel nka Alvin * John Dumelo nka Rex * Jackie Appiya nka Jezel * Yvonne Okoro nka Ruby * Juliet Ibrahim nka Nivera * Roselyn Ngissah nka Angie * Jesse Sarpong nka Kojo * Kalsum Sinare nka mama wa Jezel * Omar Sherif Kapiteni nka Jake * Roger Quartey nka Barrister Dickson == Kwakira == ''modernghana.com'' yashimye gukina no kuyobora film. == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] r3azd22pkt7szcituhzesfkhszv2r8j 0 9388 136965 80081 2026-09-14T13:09:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136965 wikitext text/x-wiki == Rwakazina M Chantal == Rwakazina yatorewe kuyobora [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigal]] afite imyaka 45 akaba yubatse afite umugabo n'abana 2 yatorewe kuyobora umugi wa kigal akaba yaratsindiye ku majwi 146 yatowe asimbuye Pascal yarucyuye igihe <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/rwakazina-marie-chantal-atorewe-kuyobora-umujyi-wa-kigali</ref> == Aho Rwakazina yize == yize muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y'urwanda]] ndetse aza no kuyigishamo kuva 2000-2008 == Aho yakoraga == Kuva 2013 kugeza ubu yakoraga mu muryango wabibumbye aho yari umuhuzabikorwa w'inkunga zabibumbye mu bikorwa bya leta yu [[Rwanda|Rwanda .]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/rwakazina-marie-chantal-atorewe-kuyobora-umujyi-wa-kigali</ref> mu mwaka wa 2003 kugeza muri 2004 yari umwarimu udahoraho muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza ya Bagaturika]] Imuhanga mu Ishami ry' inyigisho ziterambere. kugeza ubu ni Ambasaderi wa [[Rwanda Nziza|Repuburika yu Rwanda]] mugihugu cy' [[Ubusuwisi|ubusuwis]]<nowiki/>i. agahagararira umuryango uhoraho wabibumbye mu miryango yubucuruzi nindi miryango mpuzamahanga [[Ubusuwisi|i geneve]].<ref>https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/en/pressrels/2019/unisbio1260.html</ref> == Agashya == Rwakazina yabaye umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije wi shyirahamwe ryabayobozi bo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]](RALGA) ndetse aba umwe mubagize inama yubutegetsi bu [[Rwanda]](RGB).<ref>https://face2faceafrica.com/article/meet-marie-chantal-rwakazina-the-new-mayor-of-rwandas-capital</ref> == Reba == nn2z4ulg1vpmga8prucqxcx2iybqdl5 0 9489 136774 104010 2026-09-14T13:05:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Dosiye:Espérance Nyirasafari.jpg|thumb|Nyirasafari Espérance]] '''Nyirasafari Espérance''' ni umunyamategeko akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], akaba umwe muri ba Visi Perezida ba Sena y'u [[Rwanda]], guhera ku ya 17 Ukwakira 2019<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/nyirasafari-esperance-wari-minisitiri-w-umuco-na-siporo-yagizwe-senateri</ref>. Yashyizweho muri Sena na Perezida w'u [[Rwanda]], ku ya 22 Nzeri 2019<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-who-new-senate</ref>. Mbere yibyo, yabaye [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|minisitiri]] muri Minisiteri ya Siporo n’umuco, kuva ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, kugeza ku ya 22 Nzeri 2019<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85878/minisitiri-nyirasafari-esperance-yakiriye-mu-biro-bye-miss-iradukunda-liliane-ugiye-kwitab-85878.html</ref>. Mbere yibyo, kuva 5 Ukwakira 2016 kugeza 18 Ukwakira 2018, yari Minisitiri w’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/nyirasafari-raises-red-flag-over-increasing-teenage-pregnancies</ref>. == Amavu n'amavuko == Espérance yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] ku babyeyi babanyarwanda; bombi bishwe muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] muri 1994, akiri muto .<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211118150107/https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=2&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=3679&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=3e5ed2fc3b1e62f38ca97aa432a1f3d3</ref> Nyirasafari Espérance ni umubyeyi wubatse akaba nyina w’abana bane barimo abahungu batatu n’umukobwa umwe, Nyirasafari yanabaye umudepite mu nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda .<ref name=":0">https://www.teradignews.rw/rw/nyirasafari-esperance-wagizwe-minisitiri-mushya-wa-siporo-numuco-ni-muntu-ki/</ref><ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/senateri-nyirasafari-yitandukanyije-n-imyumvire-y-abakono-abitabiriye-iyimikwa</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2009, yabaye umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y’ubutabera mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201105130229.html</ref>. , ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2016, bivugwa ko yari umwe mu bagize [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/esperance-nyirasafari</ref>. Yasimbuye [[Diane Gashumba]] aba minisitiri muri Migeprof, wabaye Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/nyirasafari-esperance-wari-minisitiri-w-umuco-na-siporo-yagizwe-senateri</ref>. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Espérance Nyirasafari yagumanye inshingano ze muri Migeprof<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/214047</ref>. Nka minisitiri ashyigikiye kubahana hagati y’abashakanye kugira ngo bateze imbere umuryango<ref>https://rwanda.unfpa.org/en/news/gender-equality-human-right-%E2%80%93-celebrating-women%E2%80%99s-day</ref>. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, Espérance Nyirasafari yagizwe Minisitiri w’imikino n’umuco<ref>https://www.minisports.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=9083&cHash=eab184d32afbce78a24ccea469263161</ref>. Yinjiye muri guverinoma ivuguruye ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] wagabanije abagize guverinoma kuva kuri 31 bakagera kuri 26. Inama y'Abaminisitiri ni abagore 50%, ikora u [[Rwanda]], hamwe na [[Etiyopiya]], ibihugu bibiri bya [[Afurika]] byonyine bifite uburinganire muri guverinoma zabo<ref>https://www.migeprof.gov.rw/news-detail/honorable-solina-nyirahabimana-sworn-in-as-new-gender-and-family-promotion-minister</ref>. [[Dosiye:Espérance_Nyirasafari_2013-07-01_(35426418905)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Espérance Nyirasafari 2013-07-01 (35426418905) (cropped)]] == Umuntu ku giti cye == Espérance Nyirasafari numubyeyi wubatse. Nyirasafari yigeze kuba umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Repubulika. Espérance Nyirasafari yavuze ko yakoze amahano kubera kwitabira umuhango w'iyimikwa ry’umutware w’Abakono, mu nyandiko yatangaje kuri Twitter isaba imbabazi Perezida [[Paul Kagame]]. Kuko abarizwa mu Ishyaka rya FPR-Inkotanyi . <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/ckkxlkr3d25o</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] 9tbuwngryx0chbjau0cm05vbj812d5i 0 9493 137041 133324 2026-09-14T13:11:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137041 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alvera MUKABARAMBA''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] kuwa '''9 Werurwe 1960''', ni '''umuganga w'abana''' ndetse akaba n''''umunyapolitike''' kuva mu mwaka '''1999''' kurubu atuye mu murwa mukuru wa '''[[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]]'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-likely-be-next-senate-president</ref>'''.''' == Amashuri yize == '''Hon. Alvera Mukabaramba''' afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (Doctorate) mu buganga yakuye muri kaminuza ya [[:en:First_Pavlov_State_Medical_University_of_St._Petersburg|First Pavlov State Medical University]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.celebsagewiki.com/alvera-mukabaramba |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120061638/https://www.celebsagewiki.com/alvera-mukabaramba |url-status=dead }}</ref>, iri mu mujyi wa [[:en:Saint_Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] mu igihugu cy' [[Uburusiya]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211120063148/https://hyperleap.com/topic/Alvera_Mukabaramba</ref>. Ni inzobere mu ubuganga no kwita k'umikurire y' abana (PhD in [[:en:Pediatrics|pediatrics]]) ndetse kaminuza yamuhembye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (doctorate) muri Philosophy<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://celebsbirthdaytoday.com/alvera-mukabaramba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120063135/https://celebsbirthdaytoday.com/alvera-mukabaramba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Akazi (umwuga) == '''Hon. Alvera Mukabaramba''' yinjiye muri politic y'u [[Rwanda]] mu 1999, icyo gihe yari abaye umwe mubagize inteko y'inzibacyuho y'ighugu (National Transitional Assembly) kugera mu mwaka wa 2003<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-likely-be-next-senate-president</ref>. Kuva muri uwo mwaka wa 2003 kugera mu kwezi k' ukwakira 2011, yari umusenateri mu inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda ( '''Rwanda's bicameral parliament''')<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-likely-be-next-senate-president</ref>. Kuva tariki ya 10 Ukwakira 2011 yagizwe minisitiri wa leta ushinzwe imibereho myiza n'iterambere muri minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'ibanze ( '''Ministry of local government''') aho yari asimbuye [[:en:Christine_Nyatanyi|Chrisitne Nyatanyi]] wari umuze kwitaba Imana mu ibitaro by'Iburuseli mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]],<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/minister-urges-nationals-join-new-savings-scheme</ref> kuva icyo gihe, yagumishijwe muri guverinoma kandi agumana inshingano ze mu ivugurura ry'abaminisitiri, harimo n'iryo kuri 31 Kanama 2016, hanyuma akomerezaho kuba umunyamabanga wa leta ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage kugera mu mwaka wa 2019<ref>https://www.minaloc.gov.rw/news-detail/dr-mukabaramba-urges-eastern-province-leaders-to-enhance-peer-learning-and-peer-review</ref>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211111084408/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 Ubu ni umusenateri akaba na visi perezida sena ushinzwe imari n'ubuyobozi kuva 2019 kuzagera 2024 aho manda yabo izaba irangiye].<ref>https://ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/3/article/Abasenateri-Perezida-Kagame-yashyizeho-nibo-bagenzi-babo-bagiriye-ikizere</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] 1ixt2pltbis62zqj24anwfe3mpxzllo 0 9497 136813 136069 2026-09-14T13:06:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hon. Kanziza Epiphanie''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse mu mwaka 1972 avukira mu muryango w’abana 7 mu murenge wa Gatunda mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-18 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111084408/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amashuri yize == '''Kanziza Epiphaie''' yize amashuri abanza kuva mu mwaka wi '''1979-1987''' kuri Groupe scolaire Mutumba Nyagatare, bimwe mubyaranze imyigire ye mu ishuri ribanza ni ugutsinda neza amasomo ndetse yatsindwa akababara cyane<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thebridge.rw/kanziza-epiphanie-abo-amateka-agaragaza-ko-basigaye-inyuma-nabo-barashoboye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-18 |archive-date=2021-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118045750/https://thebridge.rw/kanziza-epiphanie-abo-amateka-agaragaza-ko-basigaye-inyuma-nabo-barashoboye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, ibi byamufashije gutsinda neza ibizamini bya leta, bityo akomereza mu mashuri yisumbuye muri '''Notre Dame du Bon Conseil Byumba''' ishami rya '''normal technique''' maze abona amanota meza mu ibizamini bisoza amashuri yisumbuye 77% mu mwaka '''1996''', akomereza muri Kaminuza yigenga ya [[Kigali]] (ULK) mu ishami rya Relation Internationale (Imibanire y’Ibihugu)<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amashusho/kt-tv/article/twasuye-senateri-mushya-kanziza-epiphanie-yategaga-moto-ajya-ku-kazi</ref>. == Akazi (umwuga) == '''Kanziza Epiphaie''' mu mwaka 1995 yabaye '''[https://web.archive.org/web/20211111084408/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 Field Officer in International Red Cross Committee (CICR)] , 1996 kugera 2004''' yigishije muri groupe scolaire Cyabayaga I Nyagatare, mu mwaka 1999-2004: yabaye Coordinator wa CNF Mimuli Sector, [[Nyagatare (Akarere)|Nyagatare District]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amashusho/kt-tv/article/twasuye-senateri-mushya-kanziza-epiphanie-yategaga-moto-ajya-ku-kazi</ref> , nyuma yakomeje akazi k'uburezi muri groupe scolaire Bibare I [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]] kuva 2005 kugera 2008. '''2008-2010''': yakoze mu mushinga '''[https://web.archive.org/web/20211111084408/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 African Initiative for Mankind Progress Organization (AIMPO)]''' ashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu [[Akarere ka Musanze|karere ka Musanze]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Menya-aho-Perezida-Kagame-yavanye-Senateri-Kanziza-Video</ref>. '''2010-2014''': Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu '''MINALOC''' yarihiye abanyeshuri muri Kaminuza ihereye ku bagize amanota menshi nawe azamo yiga '''Relation Internationale''' (Imibanire y’Ibihugu). '''2016-2018''': Mediator Committee Ruhango Cell, Gisozi Sector, [https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/ Gasabo District]. '''2012-2020''': Coordinator of Women’s Organization for Promoting Unity (WOPU)<ref>http://www.ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/3/article/Ibyihariye-kuri-Kanziza-Epiphanie-wakuze-ahabwa-akato-akaba-yagizwe-Senateri-na-Perezida-Kagame</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] <references />7. https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/Perezida-Kagame-yakiriye-indahiro-z-Abasenateri-bashya-Amafoto swdl6auxiv7e4scc3pj0n66lc3zqq6y 0 9570 136814 132984 2026-09-14T13:06:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136814 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hadija Ndangiza Murangwa == Murangwa Hadija yavutse tariki 30 [[Gicurasi]] 1975 . <ref>https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1BNSD_enRW971RW971&sxsrf=AOaemvLjycRwEfpNtUFmALag0Npi-Fo6cA:1637324027827&q=Hadija+Ndangiza+Murangwa&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAONgecR4gJFb4OWPe8JS2xgnrTl5jXE9IxdXcEZ-uWteSWZJpZAhFxuUJSjFz8Wrn65vaJhWWVmQbZRXYiQCFcgqKDLITipIEnj4dgajUrCR-65L086xOQoyAEHKxQAHKU0tIS52z2Kf_OTEHMHYnAKFT2rv7bWEuThCEivy8_JzKwUbWBgOHP3_3l6JkxOoSaH2yUp7LYamfSsOsbFwMAowBMHtzq0sysrIKGpgnDxh0rcLfV-YeBaxSngkpmRmJSr4pSTmpWdWJSr4lhYBWeWJAFJumwPhAAAA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsx72os6T0AhXsAWMBHeAJBfYQ6RN6BAgMEAE&biw=1366&bih=625&dpr=1</ref> uyu Murangwa hadija wimyaka 44 tariki ya mbere zuku kwezi ku [[ukwakira]] nibwo yatanzwe n'[[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|ishyaka]] rya PDI kugirango ajye muri sena.murangwa yatorowe gusimbura [[Uwamurera Salama]] muri sena warusanzwe ari umukozi w [[Akarere ka Muhanga|'Akarere]] ka Rusizi ushinzwe imisoro mukigo cy'ubutuka cyako [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere]] ( BILLING OFFICER).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/murangwa-hadidja-atorewe-gusimbura-uwamurera-salama-muri-sena</ref> == Murangwa hadija nimuntu ki?? == Murangwa ni umuny[[Amategeko ngenga mikorere/ Inteko/Abakandida|amategeko]] kandi akaba ari n'umujyanama muby' imisoro kandi ibyo byose akaba abimazemo igihe. Murangwa yabaye mu nama z'ubutegetsi za MMI<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mmi.gov.rw/index.php?id=2 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-19 |archive-date=2021-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514012322/https://mmi.gov.rw/index.php?id=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>,RDB<ref>https://rdb.rw/</ref> na BRD<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brd.rw/brd/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-19 |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128111535/https://www.brd.rw/brd/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>.Murangwa ubu akaba ari mu nama y'ubutegetsi ya Banki nkuru y'u [[Rwanda]] (BNR).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/murangwa-hadidja-atorewe-gusimbura-uwamurera-salama-muri-sena</ref>. == Indangasoko == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] 3d9llaqdzvg1xd0a117g49cq1wa2n4l 0 9594 136966 133085 2026-09-14T13:09:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bakundufite Christine''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse taliki 29 Nzeri 1970, Afite ikiciro cya Gatatu cya kaminuza muri business ([https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sa=L&ai=DChcSEwi64bfH_aj0AhWIjGgJHfbXCyIYABAAGgJ3Zg&ae=2&ohost=www.google.com&cid=CAESQeD2ow57dhc24vyvnL6-X8tj1iLvEyYEMknR6YleFxISV8G5pDk3PG3m69J2rADHRlBbv3O_YGMJgJvIU-NIc1Bb&sig=AOD64_3jOT2P3l01vw7Yrb8-IBlalkPdRw&q&nis=1&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwiU3a7H_aj0AhX4QfEDHU9FBCwQ0Qx6BAgCEAE Master of Business Administration]). Ubu ni umunyapolitiki akaba n'umuhanga mu by'[[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|ubukungu]] mu [[Rwanda]]. kuri ubu ni umudepite mu inteko ishingamategeko umutwe w'abadepite mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]] mu intara y'[https://www.easternprovince.gov.rw/1 iburasirazuba]. Yatorewe kuba mu inteko ishingamategeko mu mwaka wa 2018, mbere yakoraga nk'uyobozi w'ikigo, umucungamari n'inzobere mu ibaruramari. == Imirimo yakoze == '''Bakundufite Christine''' yabaye umuyobozi w' urwunge rw' amashuri rwa '''Bumba''' kuva 2003-2005('''Headmistress at Groupe Scolaire Bumba'''), kuva 2005-2011 yabaye umucungamari muri OCIR-CAFE ( '''Accountant at OCIR – CAFÉ'''), 2011-2012 yakoraga mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ry'ubuhinzi n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga (NAEB) aho yari ashinzwe gutegura no gukurikirana ingengo y'imari ('''In charge of Budget at NAEB'''), 2012- 2018 yakomereje imirimo ye muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20211121090938/https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=27 NAEB/price] ar'inzobere mu ibaruramari. Ubu ni umwe mu abagize inteko ishingamategeko y'u Rwanda, akaba n'uhagarariye abagore mu inteko ishingamategeko mu Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 2018. == Amashakiro == <references /> https://web.archive.org/web/20211111084408/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 https://web.archive.org/web/20211121090938/https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=27 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Bakundufite https://web.archive.org/web/20220307203956/https://nec.gov.rw/uploads/media/URUTONDE_RW_ABADEPITE_BEMEJWE_KO_BATOWE_BURUNDU_MU_MATORA_YA_2018.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20211121090940/https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=331 k9c6gclz3xfdel2j8ix75ycz4wlmsg6 0 9613 136890 122100 2026-09-14T13:07:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136890 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpembyemungu Winifrida''' (yavutse 1972) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] , ubu ari mu bagize Umutwe w'Abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]] . <ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/uwari-perezida-yarafunzwe-uwari-minisitiri-w-intebe-ari-muri-kasho-ni-inde</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=131 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616234659/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=131 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:An aerial view of new look of Rwanda Parliament Building in Kimihurura, Kigali on May 16, 2019. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Inteko isingamategeko y'u Rwanda]] Mpembyemungu yahoze ari umuyobozi wa karere ka [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] . Muri 2013 inzu ye yibasiwe n’ibisasu, bituma umwana yicwa abandi babiri barakomereka. Muri 2015 abantu batandatu bakatiwe igifungo cya burundu, kubera ibi nibindi bitero bya FDLR iterwa inkunga. <ref>Jean d'Amour Mbonyinshuti, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/186860 Six jailed for life over Musanze terror attacks], ''The New Times'', March 13, 2015.</ref> Muri Mata 2016, abagizi ba nabi bateye iwe nijoro, bituma umugabo araswa yicwa n'inzego z'umutekano. <ref>Jean d'Amour Mbonyinshuti, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/198812 One dead in foiled attack on Musanze ex-mayor's home], ''The New Times'', April 9, 2016. Accessed May 5, 2020.</ref> Muri Kamena 2018, Mpembyemungu yatsinze byimazeyo uwahoze ari Depite Marie Therese Murekatete kugira ngo abone itike y'abagore yo [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|mu Rwanda Patriotic Front]] [[Akarere ka Musanze|mu karere ka Musanze]] . <ref>Daniel Sabiiti, [https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/06/rpf-primaries-current-mps-seek-reelection/ RPF Primaries: Current MPs Seek Re-election], ''KT Press'', June 9, 2018.</ref> == Ibyo yize == Mpembyemungu Winifrida ari muri politiki, kuvuga muri 2000, ubwo yarari mu gusoza icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza mu bijyanye n’iterambere (Master of development studies) muri Kaminuza nkuru yigenga ya [[Kigali]] (ULK).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/RDF-yaburijemo-igitero-cyagabwe-ku-wahoze-ayobora-Musanze</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == Mpembyemungu Winifrida yakoze imirimo itandukanye mu gihugu cyu Rwanda, harimo : * Iy’uburezi mu yari Komine Maraba, aha ubu ni mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] (1997-2000); * Umuhuzabikorwa wu ngirije wa Komisiyo y’igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge mu yari Perefegitura ya [[Butare]] (2000-2004); * Umukozi w’Umuryango wa FPR Inkotanyi muri Perefegitura ya Butare no mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]]; * Umudepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko]] (2008-2013); naho kuva muri 2013 kugeza 2017 yikoreraga ku giti cye .<ref>https://rushyashya.net/niyitegeka-ugiye-gusimbura-depite-mukayisenga-witabye-imana-ni-muntu-ki/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/musanze-abagizi-banabi-bateye-kwa-mayor-bica-umwana-we.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-02 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802111926/https://ar.umuseke.rw/musanze-abagizi-banabi-bateye-kwa-mayor-bica-umwana-we.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] pj1132m246wfnagka0qwpd8rnldqrln 0 9615 136775 97189 2026-09-14T13:05:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|home_townJulienne Uwacu]] [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|religionJulienne Uwacu]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Uwacu''' '''Julienne''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], wabaye minisitiri w’imikino n’umuco n'a siporo,yari [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|mu baminisitiri muri Guverinoma y’u Rwanda]], kuva ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2015. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/186342/</ref> Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Julienne Uwacu yagumanye inshingano ze .<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Rwanda-Kagame-cabinet-women/2558-4077764-71yir9z/index.html</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]], ahagana muri 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gov.rw/news_detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1103&cHash=27de951ba1c5e186734d539022afe7b7 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2017-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901032206/http://www.gov.rw/news_detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1103&cHash=27de951ba1c5e186734d539022afe7b7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umwuga wa politiki watangiye mbere ya 2008, ubwo yakoraga nka Visi Meya w'Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Nyabihu /Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Nyabihu]], ushinzwe ubukungu n'iterambere. Muri 2008, yatorewe kuba [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|inteko ishinga amategeko]], akora muri urwo rwego kugeza muri Gashyantare 2015. Igihe yari mu nteko, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa komite y’inteko ishinga amategeko y’ububanyi n’amahanga, ubutwererane n’umutekano .<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/julienne-uwacu</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/1433218-2653096-158x7jy/index.html</ref> <ref name="In" /> Muri 2015, yabaye minisiteri wa siporo n’umuco mu Rwanda (Minispoc); umugore wa mbere wakoraga muri urwo rwego, asimbuye Joseph Habineza, waQvanywe muri guverinoma.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ishimwe-rya-uwacu-julienne-wasimbuwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-minispoc</ref> <ref name="Min" /> == Ibindi == Uwacu Julienne uyu munsi rero akaba ashinzwe ubudaheranwa muri Minisiteri shyashya y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano mboneragihugu ( yitwa Minubumwe. Uwacu Julienne kandi akaba yiciwe ababyeyi muri Jenoside, aho i Se bamuziza ko yashakanye n’Umututsikazi . Uwacu yavutse ku babyeyi babiri badahuje amoko abahutu n’abatutsi. genoside yakorewe Abatutsi yabaye afite imyaka igera kuri 13, ku itariki 8 Mata 1994, kuwa Gatanu saa munani nibwo ababyeyi be bombi bishwe. Nyina yari Umututsikazi, papa akaba yari Umuhutu . <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/se-yishwe-kuko-yashatse-umututsikazi-nyirasenge-arabamagana-uwacu-julienne</ref> Uwacu Julienne kandi yabaye Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG ( National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide ) .<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/madamu-jeannette-kagame-yakurikiye-umukino-ku-gitabo-cy-uwarwanyije</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Minisitiri]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] grwvxt9zc0265wp21fc5rahhgbcq3u3 0 9869 137001 97732 2026-09-14T13:10:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Solange Murekezi Uwingabiye''' ni Rwiyemezamirimo wo mu [[Rwanda]] akaba ari nawe washinze '''''AUX''''' Delices Honey Ltd akaba na visi perezida wa gahunda yo kwihangira imirimo muri Afurika mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.opportunitiesforafricans.com/the-academy-for-women-entrepreneurs-awe-program-2021/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211203131950/https://www.africanmanagers.org/all/news/ami-and-rwanda-chamber-of-women-entrepreneurs-partner-to-offer-free-business-skills-to-female-entrepreneurs-in-rwanda/</ref> Madamu Solange Murekezi yavutse kuya 3 /10/1972 akaba ari Rwiyemeza mirimo w umugore wamenyekanye cyane mu Rwanda kubera ibikorwa bye harimo nko kuba yariwe muyobozi wikirenga wa AUX DELICES HONEY LTD kurubu Solange ni umwe mu bagore bagira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw'abagore muri federasion ya PSF [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]<ref>https://rw.linkedin.com/in/solange-murekezi-395109119</ref> Solange kandi yibanda cyane mu kubyaza umusaruro ubuki no gutunganya ubucuruzi bwe ndetse no kubugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru mu rwanda no mu Karere kibiyaga bigari. == Amashuri yize n'ubumenyi == Madamu Solange yarangije amashuri muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali]] ( ULK ) aho yakuye Impamyabumenyi muby'amategeko. akaba kandi umuyobozi w'ubucuruzi wumuhanga w'umugore ufite diplpme nyinshi zo mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga akagira na seritifika yo kwihangira imirimo no guteza imbere ubucuruzi IFC-Bank yabanyamerika IVLP Alumni nibindi.<ref>https://vymaps.com/RW/Aux-Delices-1075083/</ref> == Reba == mdgeoryk21sdqsvvpq8yjwz91rny1s6 0 9872 136891 133283 2026-09-14T13:07:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claudine Kabageni''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakaz]]<nowiki/>i ufite uruganda akoranamo na bagenzi be bafite umushinga wo gutunganya urusenda rwitwa [https://agriprofocus.com/profile/kabageni.claudine.35971 pilipili Mbuzi (farming project)] ruba Musenyi mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://agriprofocus.com/profile/kabageni.claudine.35971</ref> Claudine we na bagenzi be bakaba bari gutegura ishami rindi ku Ruyenzi mu Karere ka [[Kamonyi District|Kamony]]<nowiki/>i bakora urusenda rufite ubuziranenge ruri kugiciro kibereye buri wese. <ref>https://agriprofocus.com/profile/kabageni.claudine.35971</ref> == Amashakiro; == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamwuga]] fn0cy2w4aipte6ifn5zea5ie6bpj9zr 0 9998 136852 135066 2026-09-14T13:07:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136852 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Alyn Sano.jpg|thumb|Umuhanzikazi Alyn Sano]] '''Aline Sano Shingiro''' uzwi nka '''ALYN Sano''' ni Umuhanzi Nyarwanda wamenyekanye cyane mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze yacyo kubera gusubiramo indirimbo z'abandi bizwi nka cover ndetse agakora n'ize bwite.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/04/alyn-sano-says-she-is-stronger-than-ever/</ref> == Aline Sano Shingiro == Umuhanzikazi ukorera umuziki we mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze yarwo wamamaye cyane kubera gukora cyangwa gusubiramo indirimbo z'abandi ndetse agakora n'ize bwite yamamaye cyane kubera ijwi rye ryiza. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ninyampinga.com/sections/amakuru-yabo/ikaramu-nubuhanzi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-08 |archive-date=2022-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208131341/http://ninyampinga.com/sections/amakuru-yabo/ikaramu-nubuhanzi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Urugendo rwa muzika rwa Alyn Sano == [[Dosiye:RuhangoDist.png|thumb|Alyn Sano yize i Gitwe mu karere ka Ruhango]] Aline Sano uzwi nka Alyn sano nk'izina akoresha muri muzika avuga ko yatangiye umuziki we muri 2010 ubwo yaririmbaga muri korari y'ikigo cy'[[Amashuri Makuru|Amashuri]] yizeho aho bita i Gitwe [[Akarere ka Ruhango|mu Karere ka Ruhango]] mu Ntara y'[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo.]] Yakomeje gukorera umuziki we muri korari yigisha bagenzi be baririmbanaga kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015 ubwo yahinduraga ibitekerezo akava muri korari. == Uko yavuye muri korari == Alyn Sano yavuye muri korari muri 2015 ubwo yagiraga ibyago akabura umuvandimwe we mu mpanuka yarangiza agatabarwa n'abavandimwe bo hanze bataririmbanaga kandi we yari yizeye ko abavandimwe be bo muri korari bazamuba hafi,<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97286/alyn-sano-agiye-gukorera-igitaramo-kuri-internet-kizaba-mu-buryo-bwubahirije-amabwiriza-yo-97286.html</ref> nk'abantu yiyumvagamo kurusha abandi araheba asezera korali ubwo asa nk'ubivumburaho nk'uko abivuga agenda agiye avuga ko muri icyo gihe musaza we mukuru nawe usanzwe ari umutunganya muziki aribwo yamusabye kwiga indirimbo zitandukanye nizo yari asanzwe amenyereye muri korari maze yinjira muri muzika bakunda kwita iyisi atyo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/yavuye-muri-korali-yivumbuye-urugendo-rwumuhanzikazi-alyn-sano/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-08 |archive-date=2022-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208131351/https://hose.rw/yavuye-muri-korali-yivumbuye-urugendo-rwumuhanzikazi-alyn-sano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibihangano bya Alyn Sano == Alyn Sano yamamaye cyane ku ndirimbo zirimo nka: -kontorora -naremewe wowe -for us -Rwiyoborere -We the BEST<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/alyn-sano-na-yvan-buravan-basohoye-indirimbo-bise-we-the-best</ref> Ndetse n'izindi nyinshi cyane ko yagiye akorana n'abandi bahanzi benshi batandukanye bo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/yavuye-muri-korali-yivumbuye-urugendo-rwumuhanzikazi-alyn-sano/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-08 |archive-date=2022-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208131351/https://hose.rw/yavuye-muri-korali-yivumbuye-urugendo-rwumuhanzikazi-alyn-sano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rumuri == Alyn Sano yakoze igikorwa cyitwa Listening Party, ku itariki yo ku wa 18 Kamena, aho cyari kigamije ahanini kumvisha abantu bari inshuti ze, abavandimwe ndetse hari n'abandi iyi albumu mbere y' uko ayigaragaza hanze, vuba ku wa Gatanu tariki 23 Kamena, iyi alubumu yayise RUMURI, ni izina rituruka kw’ijambo urebye urumuri, ahanini kwishakamo urumuri bigufasha kwimurikira no kumurikira ahandi wagezeho, ni albumu yitiriye n'ubundi indirimbo yitwa RUMURI, zicuranze mu mujyana ya Kinyarwanda, aho yakozwe na Pastor P, ayiririmba aho ari umukobwa cyangwa ugomba kubera abandi urumuri, ndetse ko ibibazo byose uba ufite ugomba kubyikemurira ukishakamo ibisubizo . Sano avugako icuraburindi riri mu buzima ducamo namenye ko rikurwaho n'urumuri urebye runturukamo. Rero ndi urumuri . Albumu ya Alyn Sano akaba yaratangiye gukorwa muri 2020 , harimo indirimbo yari asanzwe zacurangishijwe ibikoresho gakondo, iriho indirimbo 13, hari indirimbo ebyiri harimo izo yahuriyemo n'abandi bahanzi, hariyitwa ‘Abasamyi ba Nkombo’ ni yo yise Lioness, ndetse na Why yakoranye na KIVUMBI King, Mariya, Inshuti’ yakozwe na Bob Pro, iyi albumu yayikoze nyuma aho hashize y’imyaka itanu atangiye umuziki mu buryo bw'umwunga .<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/alyn-sano-yashyize-hanze-album-ye-ya-mbere-yise-rumuri</ref> * Mwiza’ yakozwe na Santana Sauce, * Mariya ikorwa na Prince Kiiiz, * Umwihariko’ yakozwe na Sano Panda, * Sakwe Sakwe yakozwe na Yeah Man & Meira Pro, * Kuki na Why’ zombi zakozwe na Kenny Vybz, * rumuri’ yanitiriye album yakozwe na Pastor P, * Warakoze’ yakozwe na Eddie & Action * Bohoka’ ikorwa na Prince Kiiiz .<ref name=":0" /> == Ibitaramo == Alyn Sano yagiye yitabira ibitaramo byinshi bitandukanye mu [[Rwanda]] no Hanze yarwo harimo nka [[Afurika|Voice Africa]] ndetse n'ibindi aherutse kandi gukorera igitaramo online ku itariki 27 Gicurasi 2020 mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga COVID 19<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97286/alyn-sano-agiye-gukorera-igitaramo-kuri-internet-kizaba-mu-buryo-bwubahirije-amabwiriza-yo-97286.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] ltu3r9ugasalk158wz928vixb2iu8wp 0 10027 137002 132591 2026-09-14T13:10:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137002 wikitext text/x-wiki == Aime Beaute Mushashi == ni umunyarwandakazi wuje uburanga ukora umwuga witangaza makuru kuri micro za Tvi1. Yatangiye gukorera TV 1 kuva 2017 kugeza 2024, yahavuye yerekeza kuri RBA by'umwihariko mu ishami ry'amakuru. [[Kigali|i Kigali]]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/opinion/</ref> == Amateka ye == Aime Beaute Mushashi wamenyekanye ku bitangazamakuru bitandukanye bikomeye mu Rwanda, asoma amakuru kuri Televiziyo yasezeranye imbere y'amategeko n'umusore witwa Nyamwasa Francis bitegura kurushinga. Ku gicamunsi cyo kuwa 6 Werurwe 2026 nibwo Mushashi yasangije abamukurikira amafoto y'uwo muhango. Taliki 14 Werurwe 2026 nibwo Mushashi n'umukunzi we bakoze ubukwe.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/aimee-beaute-mushashi-yashyingiwe</ref> == Amashuri yize == Aime Beaute Mushashi yize amashuri abanza ndetse n'ayisumbuye asoreza muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda aho yahakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri(2) cya Kaminuza mu ishami ry'ububanyi n'Amahanga. Hagati ya 2014 na 2016 yakoreye RC Huye. Aime Beaute Mushashi akorana n'ibigo bitandukanye birimo Mashirika, Urunana, Labenevolenciya, n'ibindi ku mishinga itandukanye.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/aimee-beaute-mushashi-yashyingiwe</ref> == Amashakiro; == qwzz4vdk6650nk0y5824vfje4cxwaaj 0 10043 136764 121553 2026-09-14T13:04:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Miss Bahati Grace.jpg|alt=baha|thumb|Miss Bahati Grace]] [[Dosiye:Miss Bahati Grace.jpg|thumb|Bahati Grace]] Grace bahati yavukiye [[Uganda]] tariki 15 werurwe 1991 we nu muryango we baje mu [[Rwanda]] afite imyaka 3 nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 .yakutse mu muryango mugari . Bahati afite imyaka 16 yihaye intego yo gukora icyamuteza imbere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2022-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221174418/https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Miss Bahati Grace wa twaye ikamba 2009 == Miss Rwanda yabaye nyuma ya jenocide ,tariki 19 Ukuboza 2009 yegukanwa na Miss Bahati grace mubirori byabereye i Gikondo ahasanzwe habera imurikagurisha. yatwaye ikamba rya Miss Rwanda 2009 afite imyaka 18.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/reba-uburanga-bw-abakobwa-bahataniye-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-2009-amafoto</ref> == Ubukwe bwa Miss Bahati Grace == [[Dosiye:Bahati Grace.jpg|thumb|Miss Bahati Grace numugabo bakoze Ubukwe]] Miss babati yakoranye ubukwe na Murekezi pascifque umuhungu wa Fatikaramu wamamaye akina mwikipe ya Royan sports<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/reba-uburanga-bw-abakobwa-bahataniye-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-2009-amafoto</ref>. yakoze ubukwe tariki 19 Nzeri 2021 ,Muri Reta zunze ubumwe na America mu mujyi wa Cedra Rapids muri Reta ya Iowa,akaba arinaho bahuriye ubwambere bateretana.<ref>/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/ubukwe-bwa-miss-bahati-grace-n-umuhungu-wa-fatikaramu-bwashyushye</ref> == Amateka == Bahati n'umukobwa wavukiye muri [[Uganda]] Mu mwaka wa 1991 kuwa 15 werurwe. [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite%20note-3|Miss Bahati]] yagiye muri [[Amerika]] kuwa 22 [[Kamena]] 2011. [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite%20note-3|Bahati Grace]] yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] agiye kwiga muri [[Amerika]] ariko ngo agezeyo yasanze amafaranga yari afite atamurihira n’igihembwe kimwe, bituma abanza gushaka ibyangombwa byatuma yiga mu ishuri atishyura.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510111223/https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Guhera ubwo ntabwo yongeye kugaruka mu Rwanda kubera impamvu z’amasomo no gushaka ubuzima. Miss Bahati Grace akabaye yaramaze igihe arimurukondo na Murekezi Pacifique umuhungu wa Fatikaramu wamamaye akina mu ikipe ya Rayon Sports baza kwiyemeza kurushinga . Ubukwe bwabo bwabereye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite%20note-3|Miss Elsa na Miss Meghane]] Barabutashye .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/ubukwe-bwa-miss-bahati-grace-n-umuhungu-wa-fatikaramu-bwashyushye</ref> Mbereyaho [[Miss Bahati grace|Miss Bahati]] yatangarije itangazamakuru ko yatwaye inda agifite ikamba rya Miss Rwanda akaza kubyarana n’umuhanzi K8 Kavuyo waje no kumureka, Miss Bahati ntiyacitse intege akomeza kwirwanaho muri Amerika kugeza akundanye na Murekezi kugeza ubu niwe mutware we .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/ubukwe-bwa-miss-bahati-grace-n-umuhungu-wa-fatikaramu-bwashyushye</ref> Muri ibyo bihe kandi yari afite [[umwana]] w’uruhinja, agomba kwitaho wenyine kuko yari Atari kumwe na se.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-bahati-grace-ari-mu-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510112730/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-bahati-grace-ari-mu-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref>Bwari ubuzima butoroshye kuko nta wundi muryango yari ahafite kandi atahamenyereye. bahati agira Ati “Kurera umwana uri umubyeyi umwe ni ikintu kitoroshye, mu gihugu cy’amahanga urimo uragerageza kumenyera ubuzima bushya n’indi mico utari usanzwe umenyereye ariko byose bituruka ku ntego nari mfite.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510111223/https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Bahati Grace yavuze ko yaje kubona umuryango wambereye nk’ababyeyi umufasha kurera umwana wemu gihe yari afite akazi abifatanya no kwiga. bahati grace aragira Ati “Nabanye nawe ndamurera ndiga sinavuga ko imbaraga nyinshi zari kuri njye gusa , naje kugirirwa ubuntu n’Imana impa umuryango mugari mwiza n’ubwo ababyeyi banjye bari mu Rwanda Inama yanyegereje abo babyeyi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510111223/https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Icyo Avuga mu Kwibuka kucuro 28 == Bahati Grace aragita ati : kucuro 28 Abanya Rwanda twibuka Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116240/kwibuka28-miss-bahati-grace-yunamiye-sebukwe-wishwe-muri-jenoside-116240.html</ref>Gwarazirikana kandi agaha icyubahiro sebukwe Rapheal Murekezi wamenyekanye nka Fatikaramu warumubyeyi , umukinnyi wumupira wamaguru wikipe ya ryon [[Umukino|siporo]] aho nyuma yaje nokuba umutoza <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116240/kwibuka28-miss-bahati-grace-yunamiye-sebukwe-wishwe-muri-jenoside-116240.html</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] 641w0r1aero1b3pg6ty5wm8elbm08wn 0 10044 136892 136056 2026-09-14T13:07:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|useImage=Mount Kenya University, Nakuru.jpg|excludeProperties=Q111364145}} '''Karasira Clarisse''' n'umuhanzikazi ukunzwe murino minsi kandi ugezweho mu bakunzi ba muzika bitewe nuko ari umwe mubahisemo gukora injyana ya gakondo. [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/90433/amateka-ya-clarisse-karasira-wasubitse-kwiga-itangazamakuru-akiyigira-politike-uko-yahuye--90433.html] (yavutse 1997) avukira i Masaka mu [[Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali,]] ni umuririmbyikazi ukunzwe na benshi mu muziki wo mu [[Rwanda]] byumwihariko mu njyana ya gakondo, yatangiye umuziki mu mwaka wa 2018 yahoze ari umunyamakuru kuri Radio na Televiziyo zitandukanye zo m[[Rwanda Nziza|u Rwanda]] nka television ya Flach TV [[Rwanda]]. ariko kurubu akaba atuye muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika]] aho abana yo n'umuryango we akaba abana n'umugabo we ndetse n'umwana we <ref>https://teradignews.rw/clarisse-karasira-umaze-umwaka-mu-muziki-yavuze-ku-byiza-nibibi-yahuye-nabyo/</ref> == Amashuri yize == [[Dosiye:Mount Kenya University, Nakuru.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Mount Kenya]] '''CIarisse Karasira''' yize mu bigo binyuranye arangiza ayisumbuye mu ndimi n'ubuvanganzo,muri kaminuzaya kigali aza kwiga ibijyanye n'itangazamakuru muri [[Mount Kenya University]] kurubu ikaba yarahinduriwe izina isigaye yitwa Mount KIgali University.<ref name=":0" /> Nyuma y' umwaka umwe amaze yiga itangazamakuru muri Mount Kigali University yaje kurisubika atangira kwiga ibijyanye na Politike mpuzamahanga mu mwaka wa kabiri muri Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali ULK .<ref name=":0">https://teradignews.rw/clarisse-karasira-umaze-umwaka-mu-muziki-yavuze-ku-byiza-nibibi-yahuye-nabyo/</ref> == Urugendo rwe rwa muzika == '''CIarisse Karasira''' yatangiye kuririmba mu mwaka wa 2018 ubwo yinjiraga mu muziki cyane ko yumvaga impano imukomanga. ubwo yarari muri mu nzu itunganya umuziki ( Studio) yaje guhura na AIain MUKU yumva indirimbo ye n'uburyo aririmba akunda ubuhani bwe nyuma azakwiyemeza gukorana nawe indirimbo.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/clarisse-karasira-ni-we-wahagaritse-gukorana-na-alain-muku</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Muri Gicurasi 2021 '''Clarisse Karasira''' yaje kurushinga na Slyvain Dijoie warusanzwe atuye muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika]] .byaje kubangombwa ko '''Karasira clarisse''' yimukira muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika]] yageze muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika]] tariki 7 Ugushyingo 2021 ubu akaba abarizwa muri Leta ya Maine we n'umugabo we '''IFASHABAYO Slyvain Dijoie'''.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/clarisse-karasira-yimukiye-muri-amerika</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/clarisse-karasira-yarongowe-amafoto |title=https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/clarisse-karasira-yarongowe |access-date=2022-05-04 |archive-date=2021-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519001620/https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/clarisse-karasira-yarongowe-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>/amateka-ya-clarisse-karasira-wasubitse-kwiga-itangazamakuru</ref> We n'umugabo we bahuye bombi muri 2017, hari mu gitaramo cyo kwibuka no kuzirikana umuhanzikazi Kamaliza . Ifashabayo slyvain Dijoie, umugabo we wari mu ikipe yari iri gutegura iki gitaramo yahuye na Karasira clarisse ubwo yaragiye kukimutumiramo, ubushuti bwabo butangira buratangira, kugeza ubwo afashe ishingano nko gufasha umukunzi we mu by’umuziki n'izindi gahunda zoze bijyanye . Umugabo we yize muri [[Gana]] no muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe z' Amerika]], muri Gicurasi 2021 nibyo bakoze ubukwe.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/clarisse-karasira-yimukiye-muri-amerika</ref> Ubu Karasira Clarisse n'umugabo we Ifashabayo slyvain bibarutse umwana wabo w’[[imfura]] w’umuhungu, akaba yarabyaye imfura ye mu ijoro ryo kuri uyu wa mbere tariki 13 Kamena 2022, muri Northern Light Mercy Hospital ni ibitari biherereye mu Mujyi wa Portland muri Maine ho muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]].<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/clarisse-karasira-yibarutse</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abaririmbyikazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] 7lk6wq3qebmjf78f9r4774fo9izixll 0 10138 137042 86774 2026-09-14T13:11:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137042 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igicyeri mu mwobo.jpg|thumb|igicyeri]] Mu Rwanda haramoko yi bicyeri arenga 53 kandiko ayo moko yose afite akamaro mw,iterambere ry,igihugu bityo ibicyeri bikaba bikwiriye ku bunga bungwa. kwisi hose haramoko yi bicyeri ajyera 108.[[File:Igicyeri mu mwobo.jpg|thumb|Igicyeri mu mwobo]] == Amazina y'ibicyeri == MU [[Rwanda]] hagaragara amoko 4 yi bicyeri. 1.Nyamabondo 2.Imitubu 49 3.seseria == Umumaro wi bicyeri == Ibicyeri bimenyekanisha imihindagurikire y'ikirere.nu mwimerere <ref>com/watch?v=djowFFa2rHQ</ref> Ibicyeri dushobora kubyifashisha tukabona amakuru yose ducyeneye ku bishanga. Ibicyeri birya udukoko duto bityo bikagabanya umubare w'u twashoboraga kwajyiza ibihigwa n'ibindi bimera. Ibicyeri bijyira uruhare murucyera rujyendo ku buryo abantu batapfa kubimenya.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2015/11/151117_tanzaniaminers</ref> Ibicyeri n'ibiribwa bikomeye kunyoni hari nyoni zirira ibicyeri kandi izo nyoni zikaba zikurura ba mucyerarujyendo. == Ingaruka z'ibicyeri mu Rwanda == Haramutse hatari ibicyeri mu rwanda inyoni z'irya ibicyeri zahunga cg zikazimira icyogihe byahobya igihugu byinshi<ref>903214880099077</ref> == Umwihariko w'ibicyeri == Ibicyeri bifite umwihariko kuko nahandi wa bisanga kwisi. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2015/11/151117_tanzaniaminers</ref> harubwoko 3 bwihariye mu rwanda utasanga ahandi. # hayiporis jacke # hayiporis Rwandan # seseria == Reba == e8zfs97smwnce3x3ha6psjybqtur70w 0 10186 136967 134827 2026-09-14T13:09:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136967 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ishimwe Miss.jpg|thumb|Nyampinga Kayumba Darina]] '''Kayumba Darina''' wambitswe ikamba ry igisonga cya kabiri rya Nyampinga wu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka 2022.akaba yarangije amashuri yisumbuye. Nyampinga Darina waje mwirushanwa akaba mu bakobwa bahagarariye umujyi wa kigali.Miss Darina akaba yaraje muri top 3 yabantu bafite impano mw irushanwa rya Nyampinga wu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114520/uburanga-bwa-kayumba-darina-usanzwe-atigisa-imbuga-nkoranyambaga-wakomeje-muri-miss-rwanda-114520.html</ref> Kayumba Darina ni umwe mu bakobwa beza bavuzwe na benshi mu irushanwa rya nympinga Miss Rwanda kubera ijambo ritamenyerewe intabire ryasakaye ahantu hose, ubwo we yivugiragako ashobora kuba yarayiriye .<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-kayumba-darina-wabaye-igisonga-cya-2-cya-miss-rwanda-2022</ref> Kayumba Darina ubu we nabandi bakobwa bagenzi be babiri (harimo Mutabazi Sabine ndetse na Umuhoza Pascaline) aho rero bafunguye Sosiyete ya Groupon Entertainment aho izajya ikora ibijyanye no gutegura ibitaramo , Aho iki gitaramo kizabera ahitwa Envision ku wa Gatandatu tariki 29 Ukwakira 2022 . <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-kayumba-darina-ahangayikishijwe-n-umutekamutwe-ukomeje-ku-mwiyitirira</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/miss-kayumba-darina-yagaragarije-amarangamutima-umubyeyi-we-witabye-imana/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-11 |archive-date=2023-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811121443/https://yegob.rw/miss-kayumba-darina-yagaragarije-amarangamutima-umubyeyi-we-witabye-imana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kayumba Darina akaba aherutse gupfusha papa umubyara ise. <ref name=":0" /><center></center> == Umwuga == Nyampinga Darina ni umunyamideli muri komanyi yitwa MJW management,MJW management ikaba ari mwe mukampanyi areberera inyungu z abanyamideli  hirya n hino bagera kuri 4000 ifite icyicaro muri Etiopiya.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114520/uburanga-bwa-kayumba-darina-usanzwe-atigisa-imbuga-nkoranyambaga-wakomeje-muri-miss-rwanda-114520.html</ref> Mu busanzwe Darina azwi mukwampamariza amakompanyi agiye atandukanye dore ko ubu ari mu bakobwa bake mu Rwanda bakurikirwa ku rubuga rwa Instagram aho akurikirwa n ibihumbi 33.2 kandi buri munota kuwundi baba biyongera.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114520/uburanga-bwa-kayumba-darina-usanzwe-atigisa-imbuga-nkoranyambaga-wakomeje-muri-miss-rwanda-114520.html</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:WIKI Gap]] [[Ikiciro:Nyampinga]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamideli]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] fqjzqsmjfyiamaxegfzbgo6yks203t6 0 10196 136927 107874 2026-09-14T13:08:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136927 wikitext text/x-wiki === Amavu n'amavuko === UMURERWA EVELYNE<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=umurerwa+evelyne&sxsrf=ALiCzsaf7Mehum3JCtIxUh1IlxATa_FVQQ:1651326618519&ei=mj5tYs2zH8LWarjKn8AN&start=0&sa=N&ved=2ahUKEwjN6ISE97v3AhVCqxoKHTjlB9g4ChDy0wN6BAgBEDM&biw=1366&bih=657&dpr=1</ref> yavutse 1977, avukira [[Kigali|mumugi wa kigali]] ubu ni mukarere ka Nyarugenge . Ni umwe mu banyamakuru ba [[Rwanda|radio na television]], akaba yaratangiye umwuga witangaza makuru 1998 ubwo yari arangije amashuri y'isumbuye ( centre Islamique d'enseignements secondaires de [[kigali]] ).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-30 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614161444/https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Evelyne_Umurerwa.jpg|thumb|Evelyne Umurerwa umunyamakuru]] === Ibikorwa yakoze === Iyo ugiye kureba amakuru mu kinyarwanda ahari mubitecyerezo bya benshi haza izina UMURERWA EVELYNE kuko amaze kwiga yakoze kuri radio na television rwanda [[Rwanda Tribune|(RWANDA TV)]] akaba ayimazeho imwaka igera kuri 21 akora umwuga w'itangazamakuru ariho nanubu agikora. Ababyirutse mu myaka ya 2000 baribuka, aho buri wa Gatandatu mu masaha y'umugoroba buri wese yabaga yicaye imbere ya televiziyo, uwo iwabo batayifite akajya kuyivumba yanga gucikwa n'ibiganiro yakoraga, Aho yagiye akora ibiganiro nka tele Detante,<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref> tinyuka urashoboye,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-30 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614161444/https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |url-status=dead }}</ref> umugore mu iterambere<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref> hamwe numunyamakuru usoma amakuru mu kinyarwanda<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref>. Mu kiganiro yagiranye n'ikinyamakuru [[Igihembo cyitiriwe mutagatifu Andereya ku bidukikije|IGIHE]], yavuze ko zari inzozi zibaye impamo, kuko yari yarakuze yiyumvamo kuzaba umunyamakuru ukomeye, kuburyo rimwe na rimwe yagendaga yivugisha mu nzira. Yagize ati " Kuva kera narabikundaga cyane, nakurikiranaga kenshi Radio Rwanda, rimwe na rimwe nkajya mfata umwanya nkigana abanyamakuru bayo nka ba Amabilisi Sibomana, hari n'ubwo nagendaga nivugisha. Nabyinjiyemo nkiri muto cyane ku buyo na Kaminuza n'andi mahugurwa yose nagiye mbona, urebye nayakoze ndi mu itangazamakuru." Bitewe n'uburyo abantu bishimira ibyo akora ndetse abana b'akobwa bagatangira kumufata nk'icyitegererezo byatumwe arushaho kugira umuhate. Ati " Ni umwuga mwiza, ku buryo kuwuvamo hari igihe bigorana. Ni umwuga uguhitisha ahantu hose kandi neza, ni umwuga utuma w'iyubaha. Ni umurimo mwiza cyane iyo wawukoze mu buryo bunoze kandi bwa kinyamwuga." Yavuze ko itangazamakuru rishobora kukugeza ahantu henshi ndetse mu gihe warikoze wirinda amarangamutima udashobora kurambirwa. === TINYUKA URASHOBOYE IKIGANIRO KIMURUTIRA IBINDI === Nubwo yagiye akora ibiganiro byinshi by'urubyiruko bigakundwa ndetse akavuga amakuru benshi bakaryoherwa, Umurerwa we ahamya ko muri byinshi yakoze icyamurutiye byose ari icy'abagore cyitwa "Tinyuka urashoboye"yatangiye muri 2010. Ati " Ni ikiganiro bishimisha iyo mpuye n'umugore akambwira ati nakoraga akazi kampemba amafaranga buri kwezi ariko uyu munsi kubera ko ngenda nkurikira ibiganiro byawe byaramfashije ndikorera. Ubu n'uwansubiza mu kazi ngo ampembe amamiliyoni ntabwo nshobora kubikora." Muri iki kiganiro aganira n'abagore bari mu nzego zitandukanye bafite ibikorwa bikomeye bagezeho. Uretse kuba iki kiganiro yatangiye biturutse ku gitekerezo cye bwite, akunganirwa n'ubuyobozi bw'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru (RBA) akorera, gituma abenshi batinyuka kwikorera, abana b'abakobwa bakajya mu myuga yafatwaga nk'igenewe abagabo, abo baganira ahamya ko abigiraho byinshi. Ati "Hari igihe nganira n'umugore runaka nkavuga ngo ariko ubu nanjye nyuma y'aha sinamera nkawe? Nanjye bambera urugero, nubwo mba ndi mu kiganiro, bimpa ibitekerezo by'inzira nakoresha nashatse guhindura ubuzima nerekeza mu iterambere. === AKAZI HAMWE NU MURYANGO === Ati "Hano akazi kacu kabanyamakuru kaba gateguye neza, uretse n'ikiganiro cya 'Tinyuka Urashoboye' nkora no gusoma amakuru. Yego baraguhamagara uhora witeguye, ariko bisaba kwiha intego. Burya iyo umuntu ari umubyeyi, agira uburyo abyitwaramo,kwita k'ubana n' uburere bwabo bukitabwaho kandi n'akazi kakagenda neza." Ibyo yabivuze afite abana batatu harimo nuwari ucyiri umwana muto cyane. Umurerwa Akomeza avuga ko ubuzima bwiza abayemo uyu munsi abukesha umwuga witangazamakuru rikomatanyije n'umugisha uturuka ku Mana. Ati "Uyu munsi mba ahantu ntakodesha, imodoka yose nshatse ndayigura, ariko nanone byose bisaba kwizigama." Inseko, uburanga n'imiterere bya Umurerwa kuri televiziyo ni nabyo uhuye nawe mu buzima busazwe uhita ubona, ndetse nta n'uwatinya kuvuga ko mu myaka isaga 21 nta kintu kinini yahindutseho. Umurerwa iyo atari mu kazi, umwanya we awuharira gukora siporo zirimo kwiruka, gym tonic, rimwe narimwe akajya koga, ariko byose ntibimubuza kwiragiza Imana yo mugenga wa byose. === Amashakiro === 46yybyrijpo88l4cepf6hiyvurwii1j 137072 136927 2026-09-14T13:16:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137072 wikitext text/x-wiki === Amavu n'amavuko === UMURERWA EVELYNE<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=umurerwa+evelyne&sxsrf=ALiCzsaf7Mehum3JCtIxUh1IlxATa_FVQQ:1651326618519&ei=mj5tYs2zH8LWarjKn8AN&start=0&sa=N&ved=2ahUKEwjN6ISE97v3AhVCqxoKHTjlB9g4ChDy0wN6BAgBEDM&biw=1366&bih=657&dpr=1</ref> yavutse 1977, avukira [[Kigali|mumugi wa kigali]] ubu ni mukarere ka Nyarugenge . Ni umwe mu banyamakuru ba [[Rwanda|radio na television]], akaba yaratangiye umwuga witangaza makuru 1998 ubwo yari arangije amashuri y'isumbuye ( centre Islamique d'enseignements secondaires de [[kigali]] ).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-30 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614161444/https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Evelyne_Umurerwa.jpg|thumb|Evelyne Umurerwa umunyamakuru]] === Ibikorwa yakoze === Iyo ugiye kureba amakuru mu kinyarwanda ahari mubitecyerezo bya benshi haza izina UMURERWA EVELYNE kuko amaze kwiga yakoze kuri radio na television rwanda [[Rwanda Tribune|(RWANDA TV)]] akaba ayimazeho imwaka igera kuri 21 akora umwuga w'itangazamakuru ariho nanubu agikora. Ababyirutse mu myaka ya 2000 baribuka, aho buri wa Gatandatu mu masaha y'umugoroba buri wese yabaga yicaye imbere ya televiziyo, uwo iwabo batayifite akajya kuyivumba yanga gucikwa n'ibiganiro yakoraga, Aho yagiye akora ibiganiro nka tele Detante,<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref> tinyuka urashoboye,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-30 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614161444/https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |url-status=dead }}</ref> umugore mu iterambere<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref> hamwe numunyamakuru usoma amakuru mu kinyarwanda<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref>. Mu kiganiro yagiranye n'ikinyamakuru [[Igihembo cyitiriwe mutagatifu Andereya ku bidukikije|IGIHE]], yavuze ko zari inzozi zibaye impamo, kuko yari yarakuze yiyumvamo kuzaba umunyamakuru ukomeye, kuburyo rimwe na rimwe yagendaga yivugisha mu nzira. Yagize ati " Kuva kera narabikundaga cyane, nakurikiranaga kenshi Radio Rwanda, rimwe na rimwe nkajya mfata umwanya nkigana abanyamakuru bayo nka ba Amabilisi Sibomana, hari n'ubwo nagendaga nivugisha. Nabyinjiyemo nkiri muto cyane ku buyo na Kaminuza n'andi mahugurwa yose nagiye mbona, urebye nayakoze ndi mu itangazamakuru." Bitewe n'uburyo abantu bishimira ibyo akora ndetse abana b'akobwa bagatangira kumufata nk'icyitegererezo byatumwe arushaho kugira umuhate. Ati " Ni umwuga mwiza, ku buryo kuwuvamo hari igihe bigorana. Ni umwuga uguhitisha ahantu hose kandi neza, ni umwuga utuma w'iyubaha. Ni umurimo mwiza cyane iyo wawukoze mu buryo bunoze kandi bwa kinyamwuga." Yavuze ko itangazamakuru rishobora kukugeza ahantu henshi ndetse mu gihe warikoze wirinda amarangamutima udashobora kurambirwa. === Tinyuka urashoboye ikiganiro kimurutira ibindi === Nubwo yagiye akora ibiganiro byinshi by'urubyiruko bigakundwa ndetse akavuga amakuru benshi bakaryoherwa, Umurerwa we ahamya ko muri byinshi yakoze icyamurutiye byose ari icy'abagore cyitwa "Tinyuka urashoboye"yatangiye muri 2010. Ati " Ni ikiganiro bishimisha iyo mpuye n'umugore akambwira ati nakoraga akazi kampemba amafaranga buri kwezi ariko uyu munsi kubera ko ngenda nkurikira ibiganiro byawe byaramfashije ndikorera. Ubu n'uwansubiza mu kazi ngo ampembe amamiliyoni ntabwo nshobora kubikora." Muri iki kiganiro aganira n'abagore bari mu nzego zitandukanye bafite ibikorwa bikomeye bagezeho. Uretse kuba iki kiganiro yatangiye biturutse ku gitekerezo cye bwite, akunganirwa n'ubuyobozi bw'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru (RBA) akorera, gituma abenshi batinyuka kwikorera, abana b'abakobwa bakajya mu myuga yafatwaga nk'igenewe abagabo, abo baganira ahamya ko abigiraho byinshi. Ati "Hari igihe nganira n'umugore runaka nkavuga ngo ariko ubu nanjye nyuma y'aha sinamera nkawe? Nanjye bambera urugero, nubwo mba ndi mu kiganiro, bimpa ibitekerezo by'inzira nakoresha nashatse guhindura ubuzima nerekeza mu iterambere. === Akazi hamwe nu muryango === Ati "Hano akazi kacu kabanyamakuru kaba gateguye neza, uretse n'ikiganiro cya 'Tinyuka Urashoboye' nkora no gusoma amakuru. Yego baraguhamagara uhora witeguye, ariko bisaba kwiha intego. Burya iyo umuntu ari umubyeyi, agira uburyo abyitwaramo,kwita k'ubana n' uburere bwabo bukitabwaho kandi n'akazi kakagenda neza." Ibyo yabivuze afite abana batatu harimo nuwari ucyiri umwana muto cyane. Umurerwa Akomeza avuga ko ubuzima bwiza abayemo uyu munsi abukesha umwuga witangazamakuru rikomatanyije n'umugisha uturuka ku Mana. Ati "Uyu munsi mba ahantu ntakodesha, imodoka yose nshatse ndayigura, ariko nanone byose bisaba kwizigama." Inseko, uburanga n'imiterere bya Umurerwa kuri televiziyo ni nabyo uhuye nawe mu buzima busazwe uhita ubona, ndetse nta n'uwatinya kuvuga ko mu myaka isaga 21 nta kintu kinini yahindutseho. Umurerwa iyo atari mu kazi, umwanya we awuharira gukora siporo zirimo kwiruka, gym tonic, rimwe narimwe akajya koga, ariko byose ntibimubuza kwiragiza Imana yo mugenga wa byose. === Amashakiro === lyot8d1uk7wuqorb2894kitt9fu9kmz 0 10204 136853 135814 2026-09-14T13:07:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136853 wikitext text/x-wiki UWAMYIRIGIRA Marie Chantal,<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/uwanyirigira-marie-chantal-yatorewe-kuyobora-akarere-ka-burera</ref> ni umugore wavutse muri 04 Kamena 1981, avukira mu [[Akarere ka Burera|karere ka Burera]] mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|intara y'amajyaruguru]], akaba ari umwe muyobozi bw' inzego zibanze, akaba atakiri umuyobozi w'ako karere . UWAMYIRIGIRA Marie Chantal akaba yarashakanye na Twizerimana Razalo.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/amateka-ya-uwanyirigira-utarigeze-atekereza-ko-yaba-meya</ref> == Amateka == UWANYIRIGIRA Marie Chantal, yavukiye mu murenge wa rusarabuye ho muri [[Akarere ka Burera|Burera,]] ninaho yize amashuri abanza mu murenge avukamo wa Rusarabuye, mu kigo cy’amashuri abanza cya Ruhanga, ubu cyikaba cyitwa Urwunge rw’amashuri rwa Ruhanga, yakomeje ajya mu mashuri yisumbuye mu mwaka wa 1995, byaramugoye kubera intambara z’abacengezi yari ihari icyo gihe, Amashuri yisumbuye yayize mu bigo byinshi kubera igihe cy’umutekano muke, mu ntambara y’abacengezi. * Yize mu ishuri ry’abakobwa ry’i Muramba mu mwaka wa mbere, icyo gihe twigaga ibihembwe bibiri (semestre), * Ahava anjya muri TTC Kirambo kubera umutekano muke wari i Muramba mu ntambara z’abacengezi . * ahita yimukira mu ishuri ry’Inderabarezi Rusange ku kigo cy’Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa mu [[Rwanda]] ryo muri Butaro . Uwanyirigira akirangiza amashuri yisumbuye, yakoze akazi nka kubwarimu, aho mu mwaka wa 2006 yakoze ikizamini cyahabwaga abarimu bamaze imyaka ibiri mu kazi aho cyitwaga '''Mature''', maze agitsinze ajya kwiga mu ishuri rikuru Nderabarezi rya [[Kigali]] ryari rizwi nka KIE, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza (A0) hari mu mwaka wa 2010. Uwanyirigira ubu ari kwiga muri Kaminuza y'igebga ya Kigali ULK, mu icyiciro cy'agatatu cya kaminuza mu ishami ry’inderabarezi .<ref name=":0" /> == Imirimo yakoze == UWANYIRIGIRA Marie Chantal ni umutegarugori yakoze imirimo itandukanye aho yabaye umuyobozi w' ishami ry' uburezi mu [[Akarere ka Burera|karere ka Burera]] ndetse mu mwaka wa 2019 yaje gutorerwa kuyobora akarere ka Burere . <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/amateka-ya-uwanyirigira-utarigeze-atekereza-ko-yaba-meya</ref> nyuma yakoze akazi akora ku masezerano y'akazi, yigishaga abarimu biga mu ishuri rikuru Nderabarezi rya Kigali muri gahunda ya Iyakure, akaba yarabigishiriza muri ISAE Busogo, hamwe no mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Musanze muri Ecole des sciènces de Musanze, aha akaba yarigishaka isomo ry’ubumenyi bw’isi . Uwanyirigira yabaye umukozi uzwi w’umurenge wa Rusarabuye ushinzwe uburezi kuva mu 2011 kugeza muri 2016, aho yakoze yatsinze ikizamini cy’akazi kimujyana mu buyobozi bw’ishami ry’uburezi mu karere ka Burera, ari naho yakoraga kugeza ubwo atorewe umwanya wo kuyobora akarere akaba nabwo yasezerewe akora .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] jtne67y4rhj40a5ptb1yt4ir935umja 0 10210 137043 122623 2026-09-14T13:11:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137043 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pastor Julienne''' '''Kabiligi Kabanda''' ni umuyobozi mukuru akaba ari nawe washinze minisiteri y'icyumba cy'ubuntu (Grace Room Ministries) n’umugore ukora umurimo wo kuvuga ubutumwa mu [[Rwanda]]. == Ubuzima bwe == Julienne Kabiligi ni umuyobozi mukuru akaba ari nawe washinze minisiteri y'Icyumba cy'Ubuntu (Grace Room Ministries) iherereye i Nyarutarama mu mugi wa [[Kigali]] n’umugore ukora umurimo wo kuvuga ubutumwa ni umupasteri ukora umurimo w'ivugabutumwa no kuramya Imana, ariko kandi akabikorana n'ibikorwa by'urukundo nko gufasha abarwayi,gufasha abatishoboye, gukura urubyiruko mu biyobyabwenge nibindi <ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/192475/Events/featured-bpr-plc-celebrates-new-year-by-supporting-vulnerable-communities</ref><ref>https://graceroomministries.org/about/</ref>. Julienne ni umwe mu ba Bashumba Imana yahaye impano zayo Kandi Bafite uruhare mu kuzana ububyutse mu Rwanda,afasha abakirisitu kumenya inzira nyakuri binyuze mu ijambo ry' Imana n'ubuntu bwayo yamushyizeho, we agaragaza Imana ivuga , ikora Kandi iriho.Bitewe n'inyigisho ze ahuza n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi abantu banyuramo bituma urubyiriko rumukurikira.<ref name=":0" /> == Amateka bwite == Julienne Yashakanye na Pasiteri Stanley Kabanda ni umubyeyi wa bana batanu afite imyaka 41, yatangiye ivuga butumwa akiri muto cyane kumyaka 18 gusa yavukiye mu muryango wa gikristo ariko utari muri iri vuga butumwa ryu yumunsi.<ref>bantu/article/umukozi-wo-mu-rugo-yamuhuje-n-agakiza-ubuzima-bwa-past-kabanda-umaze-i</ref> akiri umwana yakundaga umuziki cyane no kubyina mutubyiniro dutandukanye two mu mujyi wa kigali. akaba ari umwe muba shumba b'abagore mu [[Rwanda Tribune|Rwanda]] kubera Imirimo 'ivugabutumwa == Urugendo rwe rwo gukizwa == Julienne Kabiligi nkuko yakuze akunda kuririmba Kdi agakura abikora hamwe n itsinda yaririmbaga mo Gusa adakijijwe Kandi asa nkuri kuraruka kubera ibyo yirirwamo Iwabo bakagira umukozi wari ubabajwe nibyo julienne yirirwamo Kandi akiri muto yifuzaga ko yakizwa akagarukira Imana akakira yesu nk [[umwami]] n umukiza akagaruka mu nzira y umucyo yakijijwe avuye mukabyiniro kubera umukozi wo murugo babanaga yahoraga aterwa intimba ni myitwarire ye akamusengera. icyo gihe yaravuye mugitaramo atashye asanga umukozi wabo yashyize [[bibiliya]] mucyumba cye icyogihe yabuze ibitotsi arabyuka afata ya bibiriya atangira gusoma nibwo yahise agwa kwi jambo rivuga ngo ku uwo munsi azatoranya [[ihene]] muntama .Iryo jambo ryabaye urufatizo rwo guhinduka kwe ndetse no kwitekerezaho abona ko ubuzima bwe butatuma atorwa nk Intama . Rero kuva ubwo yahinduye inzira ye ava mu kigare kibi atangira urugendo rwo gushaka Imana no kuyimenya abishyiramo umwete wose nuko urukundo akunda Imana ruriyongera nyuma yiyumvamo ko agomba no kuyimenyesha abandi Gusa ntiyari azi ko Imana izamukoresha Imirimo Itangaje birenze uko yabikekaga<ref>m/kxlly_8/?hl=en</ref> == Ibikorwa bye == julienne yatangije ishuri bita high hopes rigamije gufasha abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.<ref>julienne+kabanda&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiak6XN-Lv3AhVpgs4BHbJOCd</ref> akaba ayobora nu rusengero rwita jubilee revival assembly hamwe nu mugabo we Kabanda stanly. == Inzozi yarafite == julienne akiri umwana yakundaga umuziki bikomeye akaririmba arinako ajya kubyina mu tubyiniro dutandukanye mu mujyi wa [[Kigali|kigari]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/bal-platform-career-growth-says-reg-star-olivier-shyaka</ref> kabanda bitew nukunu yakunda kuririmba indirimbo za Brenda Fassie bagez naho bazimwitirira. yaciye mumizik y'akundaga ibintu by'inshi byabakobwa, bakiri bato. == Ubuzima bwite == Pastor Julienne Kabiligi Kabanda ni umukuru wa Minisiteri izwi ku izina rya Grace Room iherereye inyarutarama<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/bagiye-gutaha-inyubako-bahawe-mu-isezerano-rimaze-imyaka-5</ref> ndetse akaba ari nawe wayishinze binyuze mu iyerekwa yagize ni umumama wubatse akaba ari umufasha w'umushumba w'itorero bita Jubilee Revival Assembly uzwi ku izina rya Kabanda Stanly aba bombi bakaba ari abavuga butumwa bakomeye mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/66395/pastor-kabanda-na-julienne-barashima-imana-ko-bibarutse-umuh-66395.html</ref> == Reba == 0dvp26ejfnfwaaegc5cqi65vdbblqdf 0 10228 137003 118725 2026-09-14T13:10:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137003 wikitext text/x-wiki Mbabazi Fiona ni umunyamakuru w'umunyarwanda kazi wakoze akazi k'itangazamakuru imwaka 18 yose, akora kuri RBA .<ref>https://sidw.org/fiona-mbabazi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://leoafricainstitute.org/fellows/fiona-mbabazi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522045336/https://leoafricainstitute.org/fellows/fiona-mbabazi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro === maqzs030uwarka4p01yulpelhdd0eaz 0 10236 136893 135866 2026-09-14T13:08:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136893 wikitext text/x-wiki Mukankuranga Marie Jeanne dusazwe tuzi ku mazina y'ubuhanzi "Mariya Yohana", ni umwe mu Banyarwanda bagize uruhare rukomeye mu rugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]], ndetse nawe ubwe akaba yari afite abana bagiye ku rugamba ny'irizina guhera mu ntangiriro za (1987 kugeza Nyakanga 1990 ubwo Ingabo za [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR Inkotanyi]] z'ahagarikaga Jenocide yakorerwaga [[Abatutsi]] mu 1994 mu Rwanda z'ikanabohora u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/amateka-ya-mukankuranga-marie-jeanne-mariya-yohana-wamamaye-mu-ndirimbo-intsinzi</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Mukankuranga Marie Jeanne uzwi nka Mariya Yohana yavukiye mu cyahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibungo ubu ni karere ka [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]], ubu ni mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]], yavutse mu 1943 ubu afite imwaka 81 y'amavuko, aho yaje no kwitwa umuhanuzi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/90819/mariya-yohani-si-umuhanzi-gusa-ahubwo-ni-numuhanuzi-mu-gitaramo-inkotanyi-ni-ubuzima-mariy-90819.html</ref> == Ibyo yakoze == Mukankuranga Maria uzwi kw'izina ry'ubuhanzi nka Mariya Yohani ni umwe mu bahanzi nyarwanda b'indirimbo gakondo ufite ijwi ry'umwimerere, mu myaka myinshi amaze ku isi akaba yarakoze ibikorwa byinshi by'indashyikirwa byagiriye igihugu akamaro, haba mu buhanzi n'ubuvanganzo asigasira umuco, kurerera igihugu biciye mu bigo by'amashuri yanyuzemo yigisha akaba ari n'umwe mu batanze umusanzu mu kubohora igihugu aho yaje guhimba indirimbo yakuzwe na benshi yitwa Intsinzi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/52077/mariya-yohana-agiye-kwizihiza-isabukuru-y-imyaka-70-amaze-ku-isi-52077.html</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/impamvu-yateye-mariya-yohana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502085452/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/impamvu-yateye-mariya-yohana |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Amashakiro ==== {{Reflist}} rykfkg0zbis6vj3ov5c49vjkfr6ud0n 0 10237 136968 117366 2026-09-14T13:10:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136968 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] ni kamwe mu tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]], gaherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] ashyira [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|iburasirazuba]],imirenge 15, utugali 72,imidugudu 556, ubucucike 282, duhereye ku ibarura rusange riheruka ry'abaturage ni 479624. [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] ni akarere karimo gutera imbere cyane kuko utagatandukanye n'uturere tw'imigi cyane ko kari mu birometero 15 by'[[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]].<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/</ref> [[Dosiye:Agroforestry_in_Masaka._VI_Agroforestry.jpg|thumb|Ibiti bivangwa n' imyaka ]] === GUTERA IBITI === Abagize inama njyanama y'[[akarere ka Bugesera]] ndetse n'abaturage bo mu midugudu itadukanye cyane cyane biganjemo umudugudu wa [[Gasenyi|Gisenyi]] mu [[Kigali|kagali]] ka Mwendo mu Murenge wa Gashora ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka.Bateye ibiti byo mu bwoko bwa Kariyandara na Gereveliya bibarirwa mu bihumbi bitatu kuri Hegitari ebyiri.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> Ni muri gahunda ya buri mwaka Akarere kiyemeje yo gutera ibiti hagamijwe kongera ubuso buteyeho ibiti, muri uyu mwaka bakaba bariyemeje gutera ibiti kuri [[Dosiye:Banana_plantation_with_trees.jpg|thumb|biti bivangwa n' imyaka]] Hegitari zirenga 80.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> [[Dosiye:DUSAFO_planting_trees.jpg|thumb|gutera ibiti]] [[Dosiye:Tree_planting_kaduna.jpg|thumb|Tree planting ]] [[Dosiye:Gutera_Amashyamba.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti ]] ==== ABITABIRIYE ==== Ubwo abagize '''Inama Njyanama''' y'akarere baje kwifatanya n''''abaturage''' nkuko basanzwe bifatanya, umuyobozi w'inama Njyanama yagize ati"Twateye ibiti mu rwego rwo gukangurira abaturage kumenya ko ibiti ari ingirakamaro ku muntu wese, atari uwo bibereye mu isambu gusa, kandi ko buri wese afite inshingano zo kubibungabunga kugirango bikure" Abaturage nabo bishimiye ibyo biti baterewe mu mirima bivangwa n'imyaka.uwitwa Nyiransabimana Esther utuye mu Mudugudu wa [[Gasenyi|Gisenyi]] ati " Twishimiye ko ibi biti bitangiza imyaka, bikazajya bihabwa amatungo, bikarwanya n'isuri." Undi muturage witwa Nyirakamana Chantal yavuze ko ibyo biti bazabyitaho, bakirinda kubyangiza igihe bahinga kuko bizeye ko batazabangiriza imyaka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> [[Dosiye:Planting_trees_Campaign.jpg|thumb|gutera ibiti ]] ===== Amashakiro ===== ev63d17ldwiyeanas1nx7yifd95ru28 137073 136968 2026-09-14T13:16:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137073 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] ni kamwe mu tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]], gaherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] ashyira [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|iburasirazuba]],imirenge 15, utugali 72,imidugudu 556, ubucucike 282, duhereye ku ibarura rusange riheruka ry'abaturage ni 479624. [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] ni akarere karimo gutera imbere cyane kuko utagatandukanye n'uturere tw'imigi cyane ko kari mu birometero 15 by'[[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]].<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/</ref> [[Dosiye:Agroforestry_in_Masaka._VI_Agroforestry.jpg|thumb|Ibiti bivangwa n' imyaka ]] === Gutera ibiti === Abagize inama njyanama y'[[akarere ka Bugesera]] ndetse n'abaturage bo mu midugudu itadukanye cyane cyane biganjemo umudugudu wa [[Gasenyi|Gisenyi]] mu [[Kigali|kagali]] ka Mwendo mu Murenge wa Gashora ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka.Bateye ibiti byo mu bwoko bwa Kariyandara na Gereveliya bibarirwa mu bihumbi bitatu kuri Hegitari ebyiri.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> Ni muri gahunda ya buri mwaka Akarere kiyemeje yo gutera ibiti hagamijwe kongera ubuso buteyeho ibiti, muri uyu mwaka bakaba bariyemeje gutera ibiti kuri [[Dosiye:Banana_plantation_with_trees.jpg|thumb|biti bivangwa n' imyaka]] Hegitari zirenga 80.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> [[Dosiye:DUSAFO_planting_trees.jpg|thumb|gutera ibiti]] [[Dosiye:Tree_planting_kaduna.jpg|thumb|Tree planting ]] [[Dosiye:Gutera_Amashyamba.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti ]] ==== Abitabiriye ==== Ubwo abagize '''Inama Njyanama''' y'akarere baje kwifatanya n''''abaturage''' nkuko basanzwe bifatanya, umuyobozi w'inama Njyanama yagize ati"Twateye ibiti mu rwego rwo gukangurira abaturage kumenya ko ibiti ari ingirakamaro ku muntu wese, atari uwo bibereye mu isambu gusa, kandi ko buri wese afite inshingano zo kubibungabunga kugirango bikure" Abaturage nabo bishimiye ibyo biti baterewe mu mirima bivangwa n'imyaka.uwitwa Nyiransabimana Esther utuye mu Mudugudu wa [[Gasenyi|Gisenyi]] ati " Twishimiye ko ibi biti bitangiza imyaka, bikazajya bihabwa amatungo, bikarwanya n'isuri." Undi muturage witwa Nyirakamana Chantal yavuze ko ibyo biti bazabyitaho, bakirinda kubyangiza igihe bahinga kuko bizeye ko batazabangiriza imyaka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> [[Dosiye:Planting_trees_Campaign.jpg|thumb|gutera ibiti ]] ===== Amashakiro ===== nucilz668z6sofbalbzrb9acpcopyvr 0 10252 137044 135363 2026-09-14T13:11:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137044 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mugemana Yvonne''' uzwi ku izina rya '''QUEEN CHA''' muri muzika nyarwanda,uririmba indirimbo mu njyana ya RNB na Afrobeat, mu ndirimbo zitandukanye kandi zikunzwe na benshi cyane cyane urubyiruko.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170929181329/http://agasaro.com/spip.php?article2846</ref> akaba yaravutse 1991 == Ubuzima bwite == Queen Cha amazina ye nyakuri ni MUGEMANA YVONNE, akaba umukobwa w'imyaka 31 y'amavuko. kuko yavutse tariki 5 kamena 1991. avuka mu [[intara y'amajyepfo]], mu [[akarere ka Muhanga]] kuri ubu akaba abarizwa i [[Nyamirambo]] mu [[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170929181329/http://agasaro.com/spip.php?article2846</ref> ==== Ibyo yize ==== Queen Cha amashuri ye abanza yayize mu ishuri ESCAF(Ecole de Science Anglais Francais), yiga icyiciro rusange muri GSNDL (Groupe Scolaire Notre Dame de lourdes) Byimana, maze ayisumbuye ayasoreza mu rwunge rw'amashuri yisumbuye rw'i Butare. QUEEN CHA yarangije amashuri ya kaminuza mu mwaka wa 2014, muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] mu ishami ry 'ibinyabuzima ( Biologie).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170929181329/http://agasaro.com/spip.php?article2846</ref> ===== Ibijyanye na muzika ===== Queen Cha yatangiye kuririmba ajya muri muzika mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2011, abifashijwemo na [[Riderman]]. Indirimbo ya mbere yasohoye ni iyitwa "uranyura" ndetse na "Windekura" ari nazo zatumye atangira kumenyekana, akomeza no gukora izindi ndirimbo zirimo nka ''''Umwe Rukumbi'''" '''Njye Ndagukunda''', '''icyaha ndacyemera''', '''kizimyamoto''', '''Iwawe''', '''queen of queens''' yakoranye na '''Washington''' wo muri gihugu cy'abaturanyi cya [[Ubugande|Uganda]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170929181329/http://agasaro.com/spip.php?article2846</ref> akaba yari muri the Mane.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-ikihishe-inyuma-ku-isezera-rya-queen-cha-na-marina-muri-the-mane</ref>Akaba yarateganyaga gukorana na Producer Element.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inkanga.com/queen-cha-yavuze-producer-wa-mbere-wumuhanga-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502205847/https://inkanga.com/queen-cha-yavuze-producer-wa-mbere-wumuhanga-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Amashakiro ===== {{Reflist}} aciqxnsn0gr12ug6cfldl5u70q6as8h 0 10268 136854 136037 2026-09-14T13:07:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136854 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Tuyisenge ni umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w' inama nkuru y' abagore.Akaba ari umubyeyi wishimye ufite abana babiri.'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/81129</ref> == Ubuzima bwe nibyo akunda gukora == '''ikintu cya mbere Christine akora mugitondo akibyuka ni isengesho kubera ko ariryo rimutangirira umunsi''' '''ashimishwa no gutanga ubufasha kubantu bamukeneye.akunda no kwita kubantu kubera ko ari mubintu yibukiraho ababyeyi be.''' '''Christine ubuzima bwa mwigishije kwihangana,akaba agira ubwoba bwo kutuzuza inshigano ze nkuko bikwiye mu gihe yumva yakangobye gukora ibirenze yagakwiye gukora,''' '''akaba atinya itsinzwi cyangwa gutsindwa.Nyuma y'akazi akunda gusoma ibitabo.'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/81129</ref> == Amateka == '''Umunyamategeko Christine Tuyisenge wamaze hafi imyaka 15 aharanira uburenganzira bw' umugore n' abana mu [[Rwanda]] abicishije mu muryango udaharanira inyungu witwa Haguruka. Christine yagize uruhare mu guhindura amategeko avangura, ndetse yafashaga gushinga icumbi ku bagore bahohotewe , no guhuza ubufasha mu by' amategeko.Kuva 2008 , aho Christine yabaye visi perezida wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi.christine yahoze aharanira inyungu z' umugore n' iterambere ry' umugore mu gihugu ; mbese kuva mu mudugudu kugeza mu gihugu urwego.'''<ref>https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/2017/07/08/8-rwandan-women-rising/</ref> === Indanganturo: === <references /> hzg1s4xujxzxr2ua2d2t7ka7y4nagoo 0 10269 136776 82774 2026-09-14T13:05:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136776 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shadia umwana w' umukobwa ukinira AS Kigali akaba ari umwataka, shadia akomoka mu muryango w 'abayisilamu wa Janvier Swaibu na Mwapili Mundanikure. Shadia aturuka mu karere ka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Rubavu]] , akaba ari umwana wa gatatu mu muryango wa bana barindwi.'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref> == Amateka == '''Shadia yize amashuri abanza ahitwa Ubumwe Primary school ,akomereza ahitwa ESIG Gisenyi aho yize akanakorera ikizamini cy'Urwego rusanzwe ibizwi nka (O'level).shadia yaje kurangiriza amashuri ye ahitwa Solidarity Academy ,iryo shuri rikaba riherereye mu karere ka Nyarugenge.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref>''' '''Shadia yatangiye umwuga w ' umupira w ' amaguru hamwe n' itsinda ry' umupira ry' abagore mu karere ka [[Rubavu]] muri 2006 ; nyuma y' umwaka umwe yagiye muri Gakenke team aho yakinnye shampiyona imwe ubundi agahita ajya muri AS kigali y ' umupira w' amaguru w' abagore.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref>''' '''shadia yafashije AS [[Kigali]] mu mwaka 2008 gutsindira shampiyona y'umupira w'amaguru y'abategarugori mu gihe byari bimenyerewe ko APR ko ariyo itsinda shampiyona; shadia yafshije AS [[Kigali]] gutsinda shampiyona mu bihe bitanu bikurikiranye.shadia yafashije ikigo yigagaho Solidarity Academy gutsindira igikombe cy' umupira w'amaguru cy'abakobwa hagati y'amashuri kuva 2011.Bituma aza kumwanya wagatatu (2011) n kumwanya wa kabiri (2012) mu cyiciro cy'umupira w'amagurumu mikino yamberenya Afrika y' uburasirazuba (FEASSA).<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref>''' == Ibyo yagezeho == '''Shadia niwe watsinze ibitego byinshi muri shampiyona y'umupira w'amaguru y'abagore kuva 2011 aho yatsinze ibitego 24,34muri 2012 . muri saison ya nyuma yinjije inshuro 20 kugirango yegukane igihembo cyatsinze ibitego by'umwaka muri ruhango.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref>''' == Ibyo yifuza mu mupira w'amaguru == '''shadia kuva akira umwana byari indoto ze kuba umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru, yifuzaga kumera nk'abavandimwe be babiri(Abouba(akina muri Police FC) na Djouma(akinira AS Muhanga)). shadia yifuza kuzaba umukinnyi ukira kurwego mpuzamahanga.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref>''' === Indanganturo: === <references /> 17h9nmj8cvwhulif7r86a6wi4lpyzrh 0 10288 136969 86821 2026-09-14T13:10:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136969 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mukabayiza Drocelle.jpg|thumb|Mukarubayiza uzwi nka Zaninka muri Musekeweya]] == UBUZIBWA BWITE == [[Dosiye:Zaninka.jpg|thumb|Zaninka umukinnyi muri (Musekeweya)]] '''ZANINKA''' Amazina ye nyakuri ni '''Mukarubayiza Drocella'''. Ni umubyeyi w'imyaka 60 y'amavuko akaba afite ndetse abana 6 , abakobwa 3 n'abahungu 3 hamwe n'abuzukuru 6, umukuru muribo afite imyaka 15 y'amavuko. Uyu ni umukinnyi wo mu ikinamico "'''Musekeweya'''" ndtse nizindi nyinshi harimo iyitwa "I'''ntabwe Idasobanya'''" kuko yatangiye gukina ikinamico kuva kera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/05/13/musekeweya-ishuri-rya-bose-ridasaba-minerivari/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130060748/https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/05/13/musekeweya-ishuri-rya-bose-ridasaba-minerivari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === IBINDI KURI WE === '''Zaninka''' Mubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi ni umuntu woroherana kdi ugerageze kubana naburi wese, ni umu[[Ubukirisitu|kristo]] w'umuvugabutumwa urimo no kwiga theologie. Zaninka akunda kurya ibiribwa gakondo.ku kinjyanye n'ibinyobwa yagize ati " Nkunda [[Amazina nyarwanda|amazi]] n'[[icyayi]]"<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-byinshi-kuri-zaninka-wo-mu-ikinamico-musekeweya-wigeze-no-gukina-akarira</ref> ==== Amashakiro ==== 20449dhjcl123d9v3uocemt2ou8u8uj 137074 136969 2026-09-14T13:16:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137074 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mukabayiza Drocelle.jpg|thumb|Mukarubayiza uzwi nka Zaninka muri Musekeweya]] == Ubuzibwa bwite == [[Dosiye:Zaninka.jpg|thumb|Zaninka umukinnyi muri (Musekeweya)]] '''ZANINKA''' Amazina ye nyakuri ni '''Mukarubayiza Drocella'''. Ni umubyeyi w'imyaka 60 y'amavuko akaba afite ndetse abana 6 , abakobwa 3 n'abahungu 3 hamwe n'abuzukuru 6, umukuru muribo afite imyaka 15 y'amavuko. Uyu ni umukinnyi wo mu ikinamico "'''Musekeweya'''" ndtse nizindi nyinshi harimo iyitwa "I'''ntabwe Idasobanya'''" kuko yatangiye gukina ikinamico kuva kera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/05/13/musekeweya-ishuri-rya-bose-ridasaba-minerivari/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130060748/https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/05/13/musekeweya-ishuri-rya-bose-ridasaba-minerivari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibindi kuri we === '''Zaninka''' Mubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi ni umuntu woroherana kdi ugerageze kubana naburi wese, ni umu[[Ubukirisitu|kristo]] w'umuvugabutumwa urimo no kwiga theologie. Zaninka akunda kurya ibiribwa gakondo.ku kinjyanye n'ibinyobwa yagize ati " Nkunda [[Amazina nyarwanda|amazi]] n'[[icyayi]]"<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-byinshi-kuri-zaninka-wo-mu-ikinamico-musekeweya-wigeze-no-gukina-akarira</ref> ==== Amashakiro ==== qaba3d2v0s8gy2w5pnq7a8ehsz3xhnh 0 10301 136894 135764 2026-09-14T13:08:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136894 wikitext text/x-wiki Assoumpta Abayezu ni umunyarwandakazi ukora umwuga w'itangazamakuru kuri radio na televiziyo. Yatangiye akorera Isango star nyuma yerekeza kuri Radiyo na TV 10 mu minsi ishize nibwo yagiye kuri RBA akora mu kiganiro cy'imyidagaduro, amahumbezi n'izindi porogarame.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-abayezu-assumpta-yambitswe-impeta-amafoto#:~:text=Umunyamakuru%20wa%20RBA%2C%20Abayezu%20Assumpta%2C,bamaze%20igihe%20mu%20munyenga%20w'urukundo. https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-abayezu-assumpta-yambitswe-impeta-amafoto#:~:text=Umunyamakuru%20wa%20RBA%2C%20Abayezu%20Assumpta%2C,bamaze%20igihe%20mu%20munyenga%20w'urukundo.]</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Assoumpta Abayezu yasezeranye imbere y'Imana n'imbere y'amategeko n'umukunzi we Niyobuhungiro Caleb bari bamaze igihe mu munyenga w'urukundo aho yamusabye ko yazamubera umugore taliki ya 22 Gicurasi 2022 nawe akabyemera. Umuhango wo gusezerana imbere y'Imana wabereye mu Karere ka Gasabo mu Murenge wa Remera kuwa 4 taliki ya 22 Ukuboza 2022. Umuhango wo gusaba no gukwa wabereye muri Golden Garden i Rebero mu mujyi wa Kigali.<ref>https://umuseke.rw/umunyamakuru-abayezu-assumpta-yarongowe-amafoto/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} huk16lsfmne025aeibknk26uiyg19yw 0 10321 136895 134398 2026-09-14T13:08:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136895 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Esther Mujawayo.jpg|thumb|Umwanditsi Mujawayo Esther ni umwanditsi ukomoka mu Rwanda, aha hari mu kiganiro cyabereye i Duesseldorf (2007).]] '''Mujawayo Esther''' (yavutse 1958) ni w'umunyarwandakazi akaba umuganga mu miberewo n'imibanire y'abantu bizwi nka ( sociologue akaba na psychotherapiste) . Akaba yararokotse genocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994, ariko yayiburiyemo abantu benshi bo mu muryango we. <ref name="gibbons">https://books.google.com/books?id=2LZnBwAAQBAJ</ref> Ni umwanditsi w'ibitabo byinshi. Muri 1994, yashinze Ishyirahamwe ry'abapfakazi ba Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu ''[[Rwanda]]'' .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/home/featureevents/2015/esther-mujawayo-a-survivor-of-the-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi,-author-and-co-founder-of-avega.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127111033/https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/home/featureevents/2015/esther-mujawayo-a-survivor-of-the-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi,-author-and-co-founder-of-avega.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="geneva">https://archive.is/20150424192913/http://www.genevasummit.org/speaker/14/esther_mujawayo</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza muri psychologiya yakuye muri kaminuza ya East Anglia muri 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.uea.ac.uk/about/-/region-s-successes-set-to-inspire-next-generation-at-uea-graduation |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-04 |archive-date=2019-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715055938/https://www.uea.ac.uk/about/-/region-s-successes-set-to-inspire-next-generation-at-uea-graduation |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.dw.com/en/rwandan-genocide-survivor-helping-refugees-heal-we-can-grow-from-trauma/a-44658865</ref> [[File:Day-of-Remberance-e1398709682197.jpg|thumb|Day-of-Remberance (2014)]] == Ibyo yakoze == * Mujawayo Esiteri ari i Belhaddad muri Souâd na Simone hari muri 2004. Ni umwe mu barokotse genocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994 , nyuma yimyaka 10 yanditse [[igitabo]] cyitwa, La Tour d'Aigues. * Mujawayo, Esiteri ari i Belhaddad, muri Souâd hari muri 2006. yanditse igitabo La fleur de Stéphanie. Hamwe nikindi cyitwa; Rwanda entre réconcialition et déni. [[Paris]]: Flammarion.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/diaspora/article/canada-diaspora-ihombye-dr-berthe?url_reload=true&debut_forum=10</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abaganga]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] НАДя 5ghxp59a1dvvj6niqbukrsd31m7bf4y 0 10329 136928 135418 2026-09-14T13:08:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyinawumuntu Grace''' ni umwe mubategarugori bafite amateka akomeye mu mupira w'amaguru mu [[Rwanda]], kuko yabaye umutoza wa mbere mu [[Rwanda]] w'[[umugore]] wabonye ibyangombwa byemewe mu 2008 ndetse yabaye n'umugore wa mbere wabonye ibyangobwa byogutoza byemeye, yanabaye umusifuzi mpuzamahanga muri 2004. kuri ubu ni umutoza ushinzwe tekinique mu irerero rya [https://web.archive.org/web/20190629132438/https://www.psg.fr/ Paris Saint Germain (PSG)] riri mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nyinawumuntu-grace-yongeye-kugirwa-umutoza-w-ikipe-y-igihugu</ref> === Ubuzima bwite === '''Grace Nyinawumuntu''' yavukiye mu [[akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Intara y'iburasirazuba]]. Yakuze ari imfubyi nyuma yaho ababyeyi be bitabye Imana bazize [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenocide]] yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Yakuze akunda gukina umupira w'amaguru akiri muto kuko yatangiye afite imyaka 10. ==== Amashuri yize n'ibyo yakoze ==== NYINAWUMUNTU Grace amashuri yisumbuye yakinnye mu ikipe y'ikigo ya [[Lycée de Kigali|Lycee de Kigali]]. arangije amashuri yakinnye mu ikipe yabayeho bwa mbere mu mu pira w'amaguru mu bagore y'Urumuri FC. Avuye muri iyo kipe yakiniye Akarere ka [[Nyamirambo]] kacyiriko mu mwaka wa 2002.Nyuma habayeho gutoranya abakinnyi bo mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigali]] hashyirwaho ikipe y'[[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]]".Iyo kipe nayo Nyinawumuntu yari mu bakinnyi bayigize, Nyinawumuntu yaje nogukina mu ikipe y'[[amavubi]] yabagore.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nyinawumuntu-wirukanwe-muri-as-kigali-azakomeza-gutoza-amavubi?fbclid=IwAR118Z-lKp7vhUMkjKevl1c5MDSe_bxfDpVwhmR70Les7-giBgic78lwGjI |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505065456/https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nyinawumuntu-wirukanwe-muri-as-kigali-azakomeza-gutoza-amavubi?fbclid=IwAR118Z-lKp7vhUMkjKevl1c5MDSe_bxfDpVwhmR70Les7-giBgic78lwGjI |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nyinawumuntu Grace yakomereje muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20220126141449/https://ce.ur.ac.rw/ Kaminuza ya KIE (kigali institute of education)], aho yakurikiye ibijyanye na [[Siporo]]. Ubwo yari muri Kaminuza yaje kugira ikibazo cyo kuvunika mu ivi mu mwaka wa 2004, yabonye atakomeza gukina [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] atangira kwimenyereza gusifura [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] aho yasifuye imyaka itatu ahita atangira gutoza amakipe y'abagore. Yinjiye mu byo gutoza arangije Kaminuza mu bijyanye na Siporo mu mwaka wa 2007 urangira, ubwo yari arangije amahugurwa mubyo gutoza. Yatoje amakipe akomeye mu [[Rwanda]], aho yatoje ikipe ya [[:en:AS_Kigali_FC|A.S de Kigali FC]] y'abagore ndetse n'[[amavubi]] y'abagore. Yagiye afasha abandi bagore abigisha cyane cyane ibyerecyeranye no gutoza. Muri 2003 Nyinawumuntu Grace yahawe igihembo bya '''DIVA Africa''' kubwo uruhare yagize mu guteza imbere umupira w'abagore mu [[Rwanda]]. Grace ubu ni umugore wubatse urugo, aho ari umuyobozi ndetse n'umutoza ushinzwe tekinike mu irerero rya [https://web.archive.org/web/20190629132438/https://www.psg.fr/ Paris Saint Germain] ribarizwa mu [[Rwanda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://agasaro.com/spip.php?article2007 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2023-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925190717/http://agasaro.com/spip.php?article2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Amashakiro ===== {{Reflist}} 2pex37tnvqwxbmmlullv74cbk9zpvqx 0 10333 137004 135994 2026-09-14T13:10:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137004 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dr Claire Karekezi.jpg|thumb|Dr Claire Karekezi (2021)]] == Ubuzima bwite == '''Dr Karekezi Claire''' (wavutse 1983) ni inzobere (Docteur) yize iby'imikorere y'[[ubwonko]], kubaga ubwonko ndetse no kuvura indwara zibwibasira n'imitsi ikorana nabwo,<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Karekezi?veaction=edit</ref> ni umwe muri bacye mu banyarwanda wabashije kwiga kubaga [[ubwonko]], ndetse akaba yarahawe n'ibihembo bitandukanye. == Amashuri yize == '''Dr Karekezi Claire''' ( yavukiye i [[Perefegitura ya Butare|Butare]]) ariko yaje kwiga mu [[umujyi wa Kigali]] aho amashuri yisumbuye yayize muri Lycee Notre Damme de Citeaux akomereza muri Saint Andre aho yize imibare n'ubugenge (sciences) nyuma yerekeza muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda aho yize ubuvuzi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/91553/menya-byinshi-kuri-dr-claire-karekezi-umunyarwandakazi-wa-mbere-ndetse-rukumbi-ubaga-ubwon-91553.html</ref><ref>http://www.kigaliwomen.com/spip.php?article799</ref> Dr Karekezi Claire arangije kaminuza i Butare yahisemo kujya kongera ubumenyi mu ishami ryo kubaga [[ubwonko]] n'umugongo akaba yarakoreye imenyerezwa muri [[Suwede|Suweden]],<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/665173/societe/claire-karekezi-la-premiere-neurochirurgienne-du-rwanda/</ref> ariko akomeza kwiga kwimenyereza kubaga [[ubwonko]]. nyuma akomereza imenyerezamwuga mu [https://www.ox.ac.uk/ Kaminuza ya Oxford] mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], nyuma akomereza amaso ye muri Maroco ahiga imyaka 5, muri 2007 yagiye kwiga andi maso muri [[Kanada|Canada]] mukubaga ibibyimba by'[[ubwonko]]. Akaba yaragiye kwiga kubaga [[ubwonko]] nk'indoto yari afite. Avuga neza [[Ikinyarwanda]], [[Icyongereza]],[[Igiswahili]] n'[[Icyarabu]] gike. [[Dosiye:Claire Karekezi.jpg|thumb|umuganga]] == Umwuga == Dr Karekezi Claire ubu akaba ari umuganga mubitaro bya Gisirikare bya kanombe mumujyi wa [[Kigali]] aho abaga [[ubwonko]] ndetse akanavura indwara zibasirwa n'imitsi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://acreol.org/team/board-member/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2022-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629124602/https://acreol.org/team/board-member/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dr Claire Karekezi mu mwaka wa 2009 yasoje amahurwa mubijyanye no kubaga ubwonko,hanyuma asoza amasomo yibijyanye nabyo mu mwaka wa 2016 muri Kaminuza yitiriwe Muhamed v.akaba ari nawe mugore wambere wabimburiye abandi mu [[Rwanda]] kubigeraho<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kura.rw/rw/urugero-rwiza-ku-bana-babakobwa-abagore-10-bindashyikirwa-muri-siyansi-nikoranabuhanga-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-01 |archive-date=2023-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215174502/https://kura.rw/rw/urugero-rwiza-ku-bana-babakobwa-abagore-10-bindashyikirwa-muri-siyansi-nikoranabuhanga-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibihembo == Numwe mu bagore bahembwe na Forbes nk'umugore w'intangarugero. Igihembo cyizwi nka Academic Excellence Award gihabwa umugore wabaye indashyikirwa mubijyanye n'amasomo ndetse n'ubumenyi, Uretse kuba umuganga m'u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] uyu mugore ni umuyobozi mukuru w'ihuriro ry'abagore bo muri [[Afurika]] b'inzobere mukubaga no kuvura [[ubwonko]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/dr-karekezi-yegukanye-forbes-woman-africa-awards |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317181207/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/dr-karekezi-yegukanye-forbes-woman-africa-awards |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwihariko == Claire ni umugore uvura mubitaro bya Gisirikare Ikanombe akaba ari umuhanga mukubaga ubwonkondetse n'imitsi akaba ari umwe mubagore babavuzi bafawa nkabahanga ndetse n'ikitegererezo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abaganga]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] b6h2ugqlfplo0ej8uobds3efsdh9k94 0 10339 136855 109626 2026-09-14T13:07:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136855 wikitext text/x-wiki === Ubuzima bwite === [[Dosiye:The Battle of Bosworth Field - A Scene from the Great Drama of History.jpg|thumb]] '''Nahimana Clemence''' ni umuhanzi, umwanditsi w'ikinamico musekeweya, umunyarwenya uzwi nka feruje, umukinnyi muri filime "Umuturanyi", akina yitwa Mama Aluphonsina, akaba anafite na sutidiyo itunganya filime n'ikinamico yitwa Dubule C situdiyo (Double C Studio) ari nayo yatunganyije fileme nyinshi zo mu [[Rwanda]].Nahimana ni inararibonye mu by'umuco n'ubuhanzi mu itsinda ry'urubyiruko rwa Africa n'uburayi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/111165/nahimana-clemence-wamamaye-muri-cinema-nka-feruje-yamuritse-filime-i-bwiza-amaze-imyaka-2--111165.html</ref>Nahimana afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cy'akabiri cya Kaminuza yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza yu Rwanda]] yigisha [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]]. akaba amaze imyaka 9 yandika filime.<ref>https://filmfreeway.com/FerujeComedyslashDoubleCStudio</ref> ==== Amashakiro ==== rw1dwo87dvdxbvnrnz3fhl1x072gu65 0 10371 136777 85841 2026-09-14T13:05:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136777 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwase Delphine asazwe azwi cyane nka "soleil" muri filime Nyarwanda, afite ishuri rya siporo . == Ubuzima bwite == '''Uwase Delphine''' (Ortha) ni umunyarwandakazi wamenyekanye cyane muri filime nyarwanda cyane cyane muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] y'uruhererekane nka Bamenya. Ubusanzwe Uwase asanzwe ari umukinnyi ukomeye w'umukino wa karate aho amaze imyaka 15 akina uyu mukino akaba anafite umukandara w'umukara. Afite kandi ishuri ryi gisha ibijyanye na siporo, aho ubu iryo shuri rya siporo yaryise "Kigali Elite Sports Academy" aho batangiranye na Karate, kungu fu, Taekwondo hamwe na Aerobics. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/Uwase-Delphine-uzwi-nka-Soleil-muri-filime-nyarwanda-agiye-gufungura-ishuri-rya-siporo</ref> == Amashakiro == 6dqe2dsl95esrlafnbx6t3boe3rxak6 0 10383 137140 127234 2026-09-14T17:08:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 137140 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwera Claudine''' ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki akaba ni mpuguke mu bukungu ubu akaba na minisitiri Ushinzwe Imiteganyirize bw'ubucuruzi bw'igihe kirambye,muri Minisiteri Y ubucucuzi n'Imali umwanya ariho kuva muri 2018.<ref><nowiki>https://www.statistics.gov.rw/press/news/newly-appointed-minister-state-charge-economic-planning-visits-nisr</nowiki></ref><ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abana-bo-mu-muhanda-i-kigali-ikibazo-kitavugwaho-rumwe</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/uburenganzira-bwumwana-bwa-mbere-ni-ukugira-umubyeyi-uwihoreye.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-01 |archive-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801124545/https://ar.umuseke.rw/uburenganzira-bwumwana-bwa-mbere-ni-ukugira-umubyeyi-uwihoreye.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri yize. == <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ursweden.ur.ac.rw/?q=node/410 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-06 |archive-date=2021-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110163635/https://ursweden.ur.ac.rw/?q=node/410 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Claudine Uwera Kuva 2008 kugeza 2013 yabonye impamya bushobozi yikirenga (PHD) yakuye muri kaminuza ya University of Gothenburg muri Sweden mubijyanye N'ubukungu (Economics studies), Ishyirwaho rya Uwera nku muyobozi ni rumwe mu ngero nyinshi z’abanyeshuri beza baturuka mu bihugu biri munziz ya majyambere cyane bafite impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza ya Gothenburg, aho bagira icyo bahinduye byinshi mu bihugu byabo yagize ati " gukorera igihugu cyanjye mbikoranye umwete kandi mbikoranye umwete . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.efdinitiative.org/news/gothenburg-alumna-claudine-uwera-becomes-rwandan-minister |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-06 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222074534/https://www.efdinitiative.org/news/gothenburg-alumna-claudine-uwera-becomes-rwandan-minister |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Imirimo yakoze. == Claudine Uwera Yakoze imyaka icumi (10years) yigisha muri kaminuza y'uRwanda mwishami ryubukungu.(UR_School of economics).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Claudine Uwera yari umuyobozi wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Abana ni ukuvuga Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Abana.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyapolitike]] sc45a8mmnhg40c7j3jkp7imnsmzrqcm 0 10385 137005 133794 2026-09-14T13:10:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137005 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bwiza Emerance''' ni umukobwa w'umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umwanditsi, umuririmbyi n'umuhimbyi w'indirimbo uri kuzamuka mu muziki nyarwanda akaba ari nawe watsinze irushanwa rya "The Next Diva _Indi Mbuto" ryabaye ku nshuro yaryo ya mbere. Aho arimo no kwitegura kugaragaza alubumu yakoze ya mbere. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Bwiza Emerance''' (yavutse 09 Kanama 1999) ni umukobwa w'[[imfura]] iwabo mu muryango w'abana bane, mu bakobwa babiri n'abahungu babiri. Akaba abana na Nyina na Se mu Mujyi wa [[Nyamata]] mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Yavukiye i Gitarama, ni mu [[akarere ka Muhanga|Karere ka Muhanga]] mu [[intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], Imuryango we waje kwimukira i [[Kigali]] nyuma bajya gutura i Nyamata.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eachamps.rw/Bwiza.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-06 |archive-date=2021-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016033713/https://eachamps.rw/Bwiza.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri yize == '''Bwiza Emerance''' amashuri abanza yayize kuri Kigali Harvest mu Murenge wa Kimihurura. Icyiciro rusange yize mu rwunge rw'amashuri rwa Mutagatifu Yozefu, amaze guhitamo ishami ryo kwiga yize igihe gito mu rwunge rw'amashuri rwa Mutagatifu Berinadeta mu [[akarere ka Gisagara|karere ka Gisagara]], asoreza ayisumbuye mu rwunge rw'amashuri rwa Mutagatifu Aloyizi mu [[akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Bwiza Emerance yiga mu mwaka wa mbere muri Kaminuza ya [[Mount Kenya University|Mount Kenya]] mu ishami ry'ibijyanye n'ubukerarugendo (Hospitality and Tourism Management ), aho yatangiye kuhiga mu mwaka 2020.<ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/bwiza-emerance-yahigitse-abagera-kuri-210-yegukana-irushanwa-ryateguwe-na-kikac-music-label</ref> <ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108628/bwiza-emerance-yarangije-album-ya-mbere-yakozweho-nabarimo-madebeats-na-danny-vumbi-108628.html</ref> == Ibijyanye n' umuziki == Uyu mukobwa ukiri muto '''Bwiza emerance''' yakuze akunda umuziki ahanini biturutse ku kuba yarajyanaga n'ababyeyi be mu rusengero akishimira uko baririmba. Uko yigiraga hejuru mu myaka ni nako yajyaga kuririmba muri korali zitandukanye zirimo izabana arabikomeza kugeza n'ubu. Uyu mukobwa yaririmbye muri korali kuva ku myaka 8 y'amavuko, ku buryo atazibuka neza amazina<ref name=":0" />. Ndetse muri iki gihe ni umwe mu baririmbyi b'urusengero asengeramo rwakoreraga i kigali nyuma rwimukira i Nyamata. Akaba ashishikajwe cyane no gushyira itafari ku muziki w'abakobwa mu [[Rwanda]], akagaragaza ko ibyo abahungu bakora n'abakobwa babikora mu muziki.<ref name=":0" /> Umuhanzikazi Bwiza kandi agiye gukorana indirimbo n'undi muhanzi uzwi mu rwanda witwa [[Uwineza Josiane]] uzwi nka [[Uwineza Josiane|Miss Jojo]] aho amaze imyaka irenga icumi ahagaritse umuziki ndtse n'ibikorwa byawo, ikazaba iri kuri alubumu nshyashya ateganya gusohora muri Nzeri 2023. bwiza akaba ari gutegura igitaramo cyo kwiyereka abo ku ivuko mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] aho avuka, bikaba biri mui aubumu ari gutunganya azasohora mu kwezi kwa nzeri . <ref>http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/meya-wa-bugesera-yahaye-ikaze-umuhanzikazi-bwiza-ugiye-kuhakorera-igitaramo</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/bwiza-agiye-gukorana-indirimbo-na-miss-jojo-umaze-imyaka-irenga-icumi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://domanews.rw/2023/06/19/bwiza-agiye-kugarura-umuhanzikazi-miss-jojo-mu-muziki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-04 |archive-date=2023-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804115722/https://domanews.rw/2023/06/19/bwiza-agiye-kugarura-umuhanzikazi-miss-jojo-mu-muziki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzikazi-bwiza-yerekeje-muri-kenya-kumenyekanisha-umuziki-we</ref><ref>https://radiotv10.rw/umuhanzikazi-wuburanga-yateranye-amagambo-nuwamukangishije-kugaragaza-amashusho-ari-gukora-ibyabakuru/</ref> == Ibihembo == '''Bwiza Emerance''' amaze kubona igihembo aho yatsinze irushanwa "The Next Diva-Indi Mbuto" ryabaye ku nshuro yaryo ya mbere,aho ryateguwe na KIKAC Music Label. Ibyo byamuhaye amahirwe yo guhita atangira gufashwa n'iyi nzu isanzwe itunganya umuziki ikorana n'abahanzi mukubazamura babamenyekanisha, bakaba barasinyanye amasezerano y'imyaka 5 bakorana, akaba amaze gukoreramo albumu ye ya mbere kugeza ubu atarabonera izina; iyo alubumu izaba ivuga k'urukundo n'ubuzima busanzwe, aho buri ndirimbo izajya isohokana n'amashusho yayo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108628/bwiza-emerance-yarangije-album-ya-mbere-yakozweho-nabarimo-madebeats-na-danny-vumbi-108628.html</ref> == Amashakiro; == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi wa pop]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 2uovvf0nnw5l23jyntgk3jrtkg7f06e 0 10387 136815 131479 2026-09-14T13:06:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nema Marie Jeanne''' asanzwe ari umunyamakuru aho akora kuri [https://web.archive.org/web/20210618123106/https://raddio.net/310985-authentic-radio-rwanda/ Radio Authentic],<ref>https://onlineradiobox.com/rw/928authentic/</ref> n'ahandi akaba ari n'umuririmbyi ukomeye mu [[Itorero ADEPR|itorero rya ADEPR]] aho aririmba mu ma korali akomeye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] nka korali Iriba na korali New Melody, n'izindi nyinshi zo muri [[Kigali]] aho ari n'umwarimu wa muzika. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Nema Marie Jeanne''' ( yavutse 1989) ni umunyarwandakazi, umuririmbyi, umuhanzi, umuvugabutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo Yesu. Ni umugore w'umunyarwanda washakanye n'umugabo witwa Ndayambaje Aimé aho basezeranye kubana akaramata muri Mutarama 2017 bamaranye imyaka 7 bakundana,<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/72988/umunyamakuru-neema-yakoze-ubukwe-bw-agatangaza-arushingana-n-72988.html</ref> akaba kandi ari umubyeyi w'umwana umwe w'umukobwa.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71479/neema-marie-jeanne-yerekanywe-mu-rusengero-avugirizwa-impund-71479.html</ref> Azwi cyane muri korali Iriba yo muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20220524191625/http://adepr.rw/ ADEPR] Taba mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] kuko ariho n'ababyeyi be batuye, yamamaye mu ndirimbo nka "Ntakibasha na "witinya" bamwe bise "[[Yakobo]]",Nema akaba ariwe wumvikana cyane muri izo ndirimbo akaba kandi aririmba bihoraho muri korali New Melody ,<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108253/new-melody-choir-yakoze-indirimbo-ndakwiringiye-yibutsa-abantu-bose-ko-ntawukorwa-nisoni-i-108253.html</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://agakiza.org/New-Melody-yashyize-hanze-indirimbo-nshya-Ndakwiringiye-ihumuriza-abari-mu.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119035719/https://agakiza.org/New-Melody-yashyize-hanze-indirimbo-nshya-Ndakwiringiye-ihumuriza-abari-mu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cepurhuye.org/kurikirana-new-melody-choir-namwe-mu-mafoto-yabo-muri-iki-gitarane-cyahinduye-imitima-ya-benshi-kuri-uyumunsi-wa-gatandatu-wigiterane-cyivugabutumwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815181125/https://cepurhuye.org/kurikirana-new-melody-choir-namwe-mu-mafoto-yabo-muri-iki-gitarane-cyahinduye-imitima-ya-benshi-kuri-uyumunsi-wa-gatandatu-wigiterane-cyivugabutumwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>aho ayibereye umuyobozi. Nema ni umuririmbyi ufite ijwi ryiza ndetse n'ubuhanga bigashimangirwa n'uburyo akunze kwiyambazwa cyane n'amakorali atandukanye ngo ayafashe kandi akomeye ya hano mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]].<ref>https://m.halloapakabar.com/track/inzira-ndende-by-neema-marie-jeanne.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://agakiza.org/New-Melody-yashyize-hanze-indirimbo-nshya-Ndakwiringiye-ihumuriza-abari-mu.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119035719/https://agakiza.org/New-Melody-yashyize-hanze-indirimbo-nshya-Ndakwiringiye-ihumuriza-abari-mu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == jt53ym7gwwivt0fbys2t3jl452gr45n 0 10392 136896 124035 2026-09-14T13:08:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136896 wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyarwandakazi '''Ishimwe Sandra Elyse''' asazwe aba muri [[Amerika]] aherutse guhabwa amakamba menshi harimo n'ikamba ry'igisonga cya Kane yari yariganyijwe muri Miss [[African Wildlife Foundation|Africa]] Arizona iheruka kuba. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Ishimwe Sandra Elyse''' ni umunyarwandakazi  afite imyaka 23 ubu aba muri mu Mujyi wa fonixe muri Arizona. Yavukiye mu [[akarere ka Nyaruguru]] aba ari naho akurira. Ni umwana wa kabiri mu muryango w’abana bane. Ubwo yari akiri muto, yabonye amahirwe yo kujya kwiga mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] nyuma aza kuhava ajya kuba muri British Guiana mu [[Amerika y’Epfo|Amarika y'Epho]]. Nyuma yaje kujya muri [[Amerika ya Ruguru|Amerika]] muri Arizona ari naho aba kugeza ubu. === Ibyo akunda === '''Ishimwe Sandra Elyse''' Akunda gutembera, kunguka inshuti nshya, gusoma ibitabo no kuzamuka imisozi. Ubu ari kwiga ibijyanye no kumurika imideli no gukina filime muri [https://www.johncasablancastestimonials.com/ John Casablancas Modeling and Acting Agency]. Arimo no kwiga Icyiciro cya Kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n’Ubuzima. Uyu mukobwa avuga neza [[Ikinyarwanda]], Igishinwa, [[Icyongereza]] n’[[Igifaransa]]. === AMAKAMBA YOSE YAHAWE === I'''shimwe Sandra Elyse''' yari yabonye amakamba ya Miss Congeniality na The Best Evening Gown muri iri rushanwa. Aya uko ari abiri yiyongereyeho ikamba ry’Igisonga cya Kane. iri kamba rya 4 barimuhaye nyuma yo gusanga bari babaze amanota ye nabi.“Irushanwa rirangiye ku wa 9 Mata, habayeho gusubiramo kubara amaota yose, dusanga ko hari aho bibeshye ni ko kumugira Igisonga cya Kane.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-sandra-elyse-ishimwe-uri-mu-bahatanira-miss-africa-arizona-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204062933/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-sandra-elyse-ishimwe-uri-mu-bahatanira-miss-africa-arizona-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> === UMUSHINGA YARI AFITE === Uyu Ishimw kuba yahawe iri kamba bivuze ikintu gikomeye kuri we cyane ko rizamufasha mu bikorwa bye. Ati “Guhabwa iri kamba bivuze ikintu gikomeye kuko narariruhiye none birangiye ndibonye kandi kuba ari ikintu nzahorana bizamfasha. Bigiye bituma ntangira ibikorwa by’umushinga nari mfite.” Ibikorwa bye azabitangirira muri Arizona ariko arateganya kubigeza no mu Rwanda. Ati “Nintanabasha kuza mu Rwanda nzifashisha inzego zibishinzwe kugira ngo ibikorwa by’umushinga wanjye bigere ku bo byagenewe.” Sandra Elyse Ishimwe afite umushinga ugamije gufasha abategarugori 140 muri Amerika no mu Rwanda.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ishimwe-sandra-elyse-uhagarariye-u-rwanda-muri-miss-africa-arizona-yavuze</ref> Mu minsi yashize yavuzeko ko uyu mushinga we waturutse ku buzima bugoye yanyuzemo ariko akaza gufashwa n’umutegarugori bataziranye.<ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/miss-africa-arizona-2022-umunyarwandakazi-ishimwe-sandra-elyse-yegukanye-amakamba-abiri</ref> Uretse ibyo kandi hari ubuzima abari n’abategarugori banyuzemo mu bihe bikomeye bya COVID-19 ndetse n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda ya ‘Guma mu rugo’<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-57873356</ref><ref>https://www.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/gov_user_upload/Publications/Cabinet_Resolutions/Itangazo_ry_Ibyemezo_by_Inama_y_Abaminisitiri_yo_kuwa_14_Mata_2021.pdf</ref> yatangiye muri Werurwe 2020 ahenshi ku Isi,<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/imirenge-imaze-iminsi-14-muri-guma-mu-rugo-iramenya-ibyemezo-yafatiwe-kuri-uyu-wa-gatatu</ref> aho abenshi bakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina,<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-52269542</ref> <ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/topic/ihohoterwa-rishingiye-ku-gitsina</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abagabo-barenga-7000-bakorewe-ihohoterwa-ririmo-irishingiye-ku-gitsina-mu-myaka |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507122553/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abagabo-barenga-7000-bakorewe-ihohoterwa-ririmo-irishingiye-ku-gitsina-mu-myaka |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/kurinda-umwana</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/reports/ubushakashatsi-ku-ihohoterwa-rikorerwa-abana-nurubyiruko</ref>abangavu benshi batewe inda<ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/kurinda-umwana</ref> zitateganyijwe,<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-41723587</ref> ingo nyinshi zihura n’ikibazo cy’inzara.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ihere-ijisho-uburanga-bw-umunyarwandakazi-uri-guhatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-africa</ref> Ibyo byamuteye gutangiza umushinga udaharanira inyungu witwa “The Ursula Women Foundation’’ uzita kandi ukanateza imbere abari n’abategarugori cyane cyane abagizweho n’ingaruka zaturutse kuri Covid-19.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/115607/sandra-elyse-yatangaje-icyo-azakora-niyegukana-ikamba-rya-miss-arizona-africa-amafoto-115607.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507122553/https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/115607/sandra-elyse-yatangaje-icyo-azakora-niyegukana-ikamba-rya-miss-arizona-africa-amafoto-115607.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Avuga ko impamvu yahisemo izina ‘The Ursula Women Foundation ari uko “Ursula’’<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/amafoto-dore-zimwe-mu-nyamaswa-usanzwe-wumva-ariko-ushobora-kwitiranya</ref> ari izina ry’igisimba mu [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] bakunze kwita “idubu”.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/idubu-ryasanze-umugabo-mu-nzu-ye-rimwica-mu-buryo-buteye-agahinda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-sandra-elyse-ishimwe-uri-mu-bahatanira-miss-africa-arizona-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204062933/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-sandra-elyse-ishimwe-uri-mu-bahatanira-miss-africa-arizona-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60344823</ref><ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/10/umukinnyi-w-yishe-idubu-ry-600-ryishe.html</ref> Ni cyo cya mbere ku [[Isi]] kizwiho kuba ahantu hagoranye cyane mu urubura n’ubukonje bwinshi, ariko kikaba kihabaye ibinyejana n’ibinyejana kubera imwe mu myitwarire yacyo irimo kwemera cyangwa kwakira no kwihangana. Ati “Umutegarugori nawe namugereranyije n’iyo nyamaswa yiga kuba ahantu hagoye ariko ntibiyibuze kubaho. Na bo babaho mu buzima bugoye ariko bakabasha gutanga umusanzu ukomeye mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]];<ref>https://teradignews.rw/umugabo-wishwe-nidubu-atabara-abana-be-akomeje-gushimwa-na-benshi/</ref> ni bo batwita <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-50157963</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/36596577</ref>amezi icyenda, bakabyara, bakagira uruhare mu mikurire y’umwana kuko aribo bamukurikirana umunsi ku wundi.” Umuryango The Ursula Women Foundation watangijwe n’uyu mukobwa urateganya guhindurira ubuzima abari n’abategarugori 70 bo mu Mujyi wa Fonixi muri [[Amerika|Leta ya Arizona muri Amerika]] ndetse n’abagera kuri 70 bo mu [[Rwanda]]. Uzahera ku bafite imyaka 12 kuzamura mu gihe kingana n’umwaka umwe gusa, ndetse imibare ikazagenda yiyongera ubwo uzagenda wagura ibikorwa byawo mu bihugu bitandukanye hirya no hino ku [[Isi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ishimwe-yahawe-ikamba-yari-yariganijwe-muri-miss-africa-arizona-2022 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507102703/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ishimwe-yahawe-ikamba-yari-yariganijwe-muri-miss-africa-arizona-2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == rt6jxi36q0q4t6lttzrogae1kyggvln 137075 136896 2026-09-14T13:16:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137075 wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyarwandakazi '''Ishimwe Sandra Elyse''' asazwe aba muri [[Amerika]] aherutse guhabwa amakamba menshi harimo n'ikamba ry'igisonga cya Kane yari yariganyijwe muri Miss [[African Wildlife Foundation|Africa]] Arizona iheruka kuba. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Ishimwe Sandra Elyse''' ni umunyarwandakazi  afite imyaka 23 ubu aba muri mu Mujyi wa fonixe muri Arizona. Yavukiye mu [[akarere ka Nyaruguru]] aba ari naho akurira. Ni umwana wa kabiri mu muryango w’abana bane. Ubwo yari akiri muto, yabonye amahirwe yo kujya kwiga mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] nyuma aza kuhava ajya kuba muri British Guiana mu [[Amerika y’Epfo|Amarika y'Epho]]. Nyuma yaje kujya muri [[Amerika ya Ruguru|Amerika]] muri Arizona ari naho aba kugeza ubu. === Ibyo akunda === '''Ishimwe Sandra Elyse''' Akunda gutembera, kunguka inshuti nshya, gusoma ibitabo no kuzamuka imisozi. Ubu ari kwiga ibijyanye no kumurika imideli no gukina filime muri [https://www.johncasablancastestimonials.com/ John Casablancas Modeling and Acting Agency]. Arimo no kwiga Icyiciro cya Kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n’Ubuzima. Uyu mukobwa avuga neza [[Ikinyarwanda]], Igishinwa, [[Icyongereza]] n’[[Igifaransa]]. === Amakamba yose yahawe === I'''shimwe Sandra Elyse''' yari yabonye amakamba ya Miss Congeniality na The Best Evening Gown muri iri rushanwa. Aya uko ari abiri yiyongereyeho ikamba ry’Igisonga cya Kane. iri kamba rya 4 barimuhaye nyuma yo gusanga bari babaze amanota ye nabi.“Irushanwa rirangiye ku wa 9 Mata, habayeho gusubiramo kubara amaota yose, dusanga ko hari aho bibeshye ni ko kumugira Igisonga cya Kane.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-sandra-elyse-ishimwe-uri-mu-bahatanira-miss-africa-arizona-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204062933/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-sandra-elyse-ishimwe-uri-mu-bahatanira-miss-africa-arizona-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Umushinga yari afite === Uyu Ishimw kuba yahawe iri kamba bivuze ikintu gikomeye kuri we cyane ko rizamufasha mu bikorwa bye. Ati “Guhabwa iri kamba bivuze ikintu gikomeye kuko narariruhiye none birangiye ndibonye kandi kuba ari ikintu nzahorana bizamfasha. Bigiye bituma ntangira ibikorwa by’umushinga nari mfite.” Ibikorwa bye azabitangirira muri Arizona ariko arateganya kubigeza no mu Rwanda. Ati “Nintanabasha kuza mu Rwanda nzifashisha inzego zibishinzwe kugira ngo ibikorwa by’umushinga wanjye bigere ku bo byagenewe.” Sandra Elyse Ishimwe afite umushinga ugamije gufasha abategarugori 140 muri Amerika no mu Rwanda.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ishimwe-sandra-elyse-uhagarariye-u-rwanda-muri-miss-africa-arizona-yavuze</ref> Mu minsi yashize yavuzeko ko uyu mushinga we waturutse ku buzima bugoye yanyuzemo ariko akaza gufashwa n’umutegarugori bataziranye.<ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/miss-africa-arizona-2022-umunyarwandakazi-ishimwe-sandra-elyse-yegukanye-amakamba-abiri</ref> Uretse ibyo kandi hari ubuzima abari n’abategarugori banyuzemo mu bihe bikomeye bya COVID-19 ndetse n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda ya ‘Guma mu rugo’<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-57873356</ref><ref>https://www.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/gov_user_upload/Publications/Cabinet_Resolutions/Itangazo_ry_Ibyemezo_by_Inama_y_Abaminisitiri_yo_kuwa_14_Mata_2021.pdf</ref> yatangiye muri Werurwe 2020 ahenshi ku Isi,<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/imirenge-imaze-iminsi-14-muri-guma-mu-rugo-iramenya-ibyemezo-yafatiwe-kuri-uyu-wa-gatatu</ref> aho abenshi bakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina,<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-52269542</ref> <ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/topic/ihohoterwa-rishingiye-ku-gitsina</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abagabo-barenga-7000-bakorewe-ihohoterwa-ririmo-irishingiye-ku-gitsina-mu-myaka |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507122553/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abagabo-barenga-7000-bakorewe-ihohoterwa-ririmo-irishingiye-ku-gitsina-mu-myaka |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/kurinda-umwana</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/reports/ubushakashatsi-ku-ihohoterwa-rikorerwa-abana-nurubyiruko</ref>abangavu benshi batewe inda<ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/kurinda-umwana</ref> zitateganyijwe,<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-41723587</ref> ingo nyinshi zihura n’ikibazo cy’inzara.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ihere-ijisho-uburanga-bw-umunyarwandakazi-uri-guhatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-africa</ref> Ibyo byamuteye gutangiza umushinga udaharanira inyungu witwa “The Ursula Women Foundation’’ uzita kandi ukanateza imbere abari n’abategarugori cyane cyane abagizweho n’ingaruka zaturutse kuri Covid-19.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/115607/sandra-elyse-yatangaje-icyo-azakora-niyegukana-ikamba-rya-miss-arizona-africa-amafoto-115607.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507122553/https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/115607/sandra-elyse-yatangaje-icyo-azakora-niyegukana-ikamba-rya-miss-arizona-africa-amafoto-115607.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Avuga ko impamvu yahisemo izina ‘The Ursula Women Foundation ari uko “Ursula’’<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/amafoto-dore-zimwe-mu-nyamaswa-usanzwe-wumva-ariko-ushobora-kwitiranya</ref> ari izina ry’igisimba mu [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] bakunze kwita “idubu”.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/idubu-ryasanze-umugabo-mu-nzu-ye-rimwica-mu-buryo-buteye-agahinda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-sandra-elyse-ishimwe-uri-mu-bahatanira-miss-africa-arizona-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204062933/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-sandra-elyse-ishimwe-uri-mu-bahatanira-miss-africa-arizona-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60344823</ref><ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/10/umukinnyi-w-yishe-idubu-ry-600-ryishe.html</ref> Ni cyo cya mbere ku [[Isi]] kizwiho kuba ahantu hagoranye cyane mu urubura n’ubukonje bwinshi, ariko kikaba kihabaye ibinyejana n’ibinyejana kubera imwe mu myitwarire yacyo irimo kwemera cyangwa kwakira no kwihangana. Ati “Umutegarugori nawe namugereranyije n’iyo nyamaswa yiga kuba ahantu hagoye ariko ntibiyibuze kubaho. Na bo babaho mu buzima bugoye ariko bakabasha gutanga umusanzu ukomeye mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]];<ref>https://teradignews.rw/umugabo-wishwe-nidubu-atabara-abana-be-akomeje-gushimwa-na-benshi/</ref> ni bo batwita <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-50157963</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/36596577</ref>amezi icyenda, bakabyara, bakagira uruhare mu mikurire y’umwana kuko aribo bamukurikirana umunsi ku wundi.” Umuryango The Ursula Women Foundation watangijwe n’uyu mukobwa urateganya guhindurira ubuzima abari n’abategarugori 70 bo mu Mujyi wa Fonixi muri [[Amerika|Leta ya Arizona muri Amerika]] ndetse n’abagera kuri 70 bo mu [[Rwanda]]. Uzahera ku bafite imyaka 12 kuzamura mu gihe kingana n’umwaka umwe gusa, ndetse imibare ikazagenda yiyongera ubwo uzagenda wagura ibikorwa byawo mu bihugu bitandukanye hirya no hino ku [[Isi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ishimwe-yahawe-ikamba-yari-yariganijwe-muri-miss-africa-arizona-2022 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507102703/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ishimwe-yahawe-ikamba-yari-yariganijwe-muri-miss-africa-arizona-2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == qlcvk960zqq0wdg5odbpgw3l7k1bpu2 0 10398 137006 133651 2026-09-14T13:10:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137006 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sonia Rolland Cabourg 2015.jpg|thumb]] '''Uwitonze Sonia Rolland''' nu umunyarwandakazi,wabaye Nyampinga w'[[ubufaransa]] mu 2000<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/sonia-rolland-yagarutse-ku-marangamutima-yagize-ubwo-yambikwaga-ikamba-rya-miss-france</ref>, aka yari yabaye mbere y'aho nyampinga wa Bourgogne mu 1999<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Bourgogne</ref>,bakaba bamwita umwamikazi w'ubwiza, akaba ari umukinnyi wa filime , akaba ari umukozi uhuza umuco w'ubufaransa n'aba Nyarwanda. Akaba yarabaye miss w'Ubufaransa wa 70. Ukunze kwifotoza cyane akandikwa cyane mu binyamakuru<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/miss-uwitonze-sonia-rolland-ifoto-ye-yashyizwe-ku-kinyamakuru-play-boy-france</ref> byinshi byo mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] n'u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]], akaba aherutse gukora Filime ye yerekanywe mu gikorwa cyo [[kwibuka]]. == Ubuzima bwite == '''UWITONZE Sonia Rolland''' ( yavutse 11 Gashyantare 1981 avukira I [[Kigali]] )  ni umunyarwandakazi se umubyara akaba ari Jacques Rolland w’[[Ubufaransa|umufaransa]] nyina akaba ari umunyarwandakazi.<ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/miss-sonia-rolland-yifurije-nyina-isabukuru-nziza-mu-kinyarwanda</ref> Mu 1990 baje kuva mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bahungira i [[Uburundi|Burundi]], haje kuba intambara y’abaturage maze mu 1994 bimukira mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] ari naho batuye, ubu afite nyina gusa mu gihe se yitabye [[Imana]] muri 2014. Uwitonze  w’imyaka 45, muri 2019 ubwo yaganiraga na Gala Magazine,<ref>https://www.gala.fr/</ref> yavuze ko impamvu akunda kwifotoza yambaye ubusa ari uko aterwa ishema n’[[umubiri]] we.<ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-miss-sonia-rolland-yafotowe-yambaye-ubusa-ari-mu-bwogero/</ref> Sonia afite abana babiri b'abakobwa yabyaye ku bagabo babiri. Tess ufitwe imyaka 15 yabyaranye na Christophe Rcancourt na Kahina ufite imyaka 11 yabyaranye na Jalil Lespert,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umugabo-wa-miss-sonia-rolland-yemeje-ko-batandukanye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507201240/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umugabo-wa-miss-sonia-rolland-yemeje-ko-batandukanye |url-status=dead }}</ref> yivugiye ko abana be bakoze nkibyo akora ntakibazo ariko icya mbere ari ukubaha urugero rwiza rw'umugore w'umunyembaraga. Kandi akavuga ko atiteguye kongera gushaka ahubwo arimo gukora cyane kugira ngo yiyiteho.<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Rolland</ref> === Amaze kuba misi === * [[Dosiye:Plaque Rue Sonia Rolland - Chaintré (FR71) - 2024-05-08 - 1.jpg|thumb]]Nyuma yo mu 2000<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/sonia-rolland-yagarutse-ku-marangamutima-yagize-ubwo-yambikwaga-ikamba-rya-miss-france</ref>, nyuma y'umwaka umwe abaye [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] w'u [[Ubufaransa|bufaransa]] muri 2001,<ref>https://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/sonia_rolland</ref> yavuye mu [[Ubufaransa|bufaransa]] azenguruka [[isi]] mu gihe yari ategereje kubona icyifuzo cye cyo kuba umukinnyi wa [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]], asangira ibikorwa bye byo kwerekana imideli nko muri Karin Models, hamwe n'amasomo ye yo gukina filime, aho yakoze amahugurwa mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba, . Ashyize hamwe na nyina Landrada bashinze ishyirahamwe rya Sonia Rolland ry’abana, ryitwa Maïsha Africa, nyuma gato iri shyirahamwe ryaje gufasha abana b’imfubyi za [[Jenoside y’Abatutsi muri Mata 1994|Jenoside y’Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]] .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89792/u-bufaransa-filime-ya-miss-sonia-rolland-yerekanywe-mu-gikorwa-cyo-kwibuka25-cyateguwe-na--89792.html</ref> Ikorera mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], hamwe n’itsinda ry’abakorerabushake, ibikorwa byo gukusanya inkunga kugira ngo bafashe abo bana mu buryo bw’imibereho, ndetse n’imitekerereze. Iri ishyirahamwe rimaze gusana mu mwaka wa 2008 itsinda ry’amazu cumi n’atandatu atuwe n’aba bana kandi rikomereza ku kibanza gishya cy’amazu makumyabiri kuva mu 2009.<ref>https://www.voici.fr/bios-people/sonia-rolland</ref> * [[Dosiye:Cannes 2018 21.jpg|thumb]]Mu 2002, yateye intambwe ye ya mbere nk’umukinnyi wa filime  ya bakomediye, aho yari afite inshingano zikomeye ari umukinnyi ngenderwaho.Umwaka ukurikiraho, yatoranijwe kugira uruhare runini muri seriveri ya bapolici ishinzwe iperereza uduce mirongo 50 mu minota 52. * Muri Kanama 2002, yitabiriye umukino Fort Boyard mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] . Yakinnye na bagenzi be bagera kuri 5, Abo Bakinanye bashyigikira ishyirahamwe Sonia Rolland yashyizeho. * Ku ya 14 Ukuboza 2002, yari umwe mu bagize inteko y’abacamanza mu matora ya [[Ubufaransa|Nyampinga w'ubufaransa]] 2003. * Mu 2003, yagaragaye muri clip yindirimbo Ensemble ya Corneille. * Mu 2007, yasohoye [[igitabo]] cyitwa gisubiramo urugendo rwe kuva mu bwana bwe mu Rwanda, kurinda agera mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], uburyo yateye imbere, uburyo yabaye nyampinga bw’ambere , kwimikwa kuba nyampinya w’ubufaransa 2000, n’uburyo yabaye umukinnyi w’afilime.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89792/u-bufaransa-filime-ya-miss-sonia-rolland-yerekanywe-mu-gikorwa-cyo-kwibuka25-cyateguwe-na--89792.html</ref><ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9a_Parker</ref> * Muri 2013, yashinze isosiyete yubuhinzi afatangije nabandi. * [[Dosiye:Sonia Rolland Cannes 2018.jpg|thumb]]Ku ya 14 Gicurasi 2013, Sonia Rolland yatanze ibihembo yise Trace Awards byanyuze kuri televisiyo yitwa Trace Urban. * Ku ya 7 Ukuboza 2013, mu mugoroba w’amatora ya Nyampinga w’u bufaransa 2014 yatambutse kuri [[Ubufaransa|televisiyo y'u bufaransa]], niwe watangaje ko abatsinze kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza afatanyije na Jean-Pierre Foucault hamwe n’umuyobozi w’umuryango wa [[Ubufaransa|Nyampinga mu bufaransa]]. * Muri Mata 2015, yari umuyobozi w’akanama nkemurampaka k’iserukira muco w’amahoro w’abaye kunshuro ya 6. * Muri 2017, niwe wabaye intangarugero mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe aho yagiye gushakisha inkomoko ye y'[[igifaransa]] nu [[Rwanda]]. * Ku ya 19 Ukuboza 2020 kuri televiziyo yu [[Ubufaransa|bufaransa]], ni umwe mu bagize inteko y’[[Umugore|abagore]] y’abacyemurampaka yihariye mu matora ya [[Ubufaransa|nyampinga wu bufaransa]] muri 2021. === Urushako === '''Uwitonze Sonia Relland''' yashakanye n'abagabo 2 : # Muri 2006 yashakanye na [[:fr:Christophe_Rocancourt|Christophe Rocancourt]].<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Rocancourt</ref> bafitanye [[umwana]] umwe w'umukobwa wavutse kuya 13 Mutarama 2007. # Mu ntangiriro za 2009, ubwo yafotoraga, Sonia Rolland yahuye n’umukinnyi [[:fr:Jalil_Lespert|Jalil Lespert]],<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalil_Lespert</ref> waje kumubera inshuti. Bafitanye umukobwa witwa Kahina Lespert-Rolland, wavutse ku ya 6 Ugushyingo 2010. Batandukanye mu Kwakira 2018.<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Rolland</ref> === Kwamamaza === Kuva mu 2008, yabaye ambasaderi w’amavuta yo kwisiga yitwa Mixa, Muri 2019, yinjiye muri Guerlain nk’isura ya nshya izajya ikora Makeup na Parufe.<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Rolland</ref> == Reba == 3ew67i6ns9dh8u5f8rwtzdg4qho1ist 0 10415 137007 117219 2026-09-14T13:10:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137007 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bagwire Keza Joannah''' ni umugore w'umunyarwandakazi wegikanye ikamba rya Nyampinga w'umuco mu majonjora yo gushaka [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] muri 2015. == Ubuzima == '''Bagwire Keza Joannah''' kuri ubu ni umugore washakanye na Murinzi Michel ku ya 7 Ugushyingo 2021.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yakoze-ubukwe</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yasabwe-aranakobwa-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209141221/https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yasabwe-aranakobwa-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/imibereho/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yambitswe-impeta-n-umukunzi-we-amafoto</ref> == Akazi == '''Bagwire Keza Joannah''' ubusazwe ni umunyamakuru wa Kiss FM,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221212144132/https://kissfm.rw/members/keza/</ref> aho yatangiriye uwo mwuga w'itangazamakuru muri 2018 yaje kwimenyereza umwuga kuri ([https://www.rba.co.rw/ Radio Rwanda RBA]),<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/</ref> aza kuhava muri 2019 yerekeza kuri [https://kissfm.rw/ Kiss] FM.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221212144132/https://kissfm.rw/members/keza/</ref> Umwaka urangira wa 2018, yahawe impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminiza]] mu bijyanye n'ibarurishamibare yakuye muri [[Mount Kenya University]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yasabwe-aranakobwa-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209141221/https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yasabwe-aranakobwa-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.mku.ac.ke/</ref> == Nyampinga == '''Bagwire Keza Joannah''' yamenyekanye cyane muri 2015 ubwo yegukanaga ikampa rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] w'umuco. Nyuma yaho mu kwezi k'Ugushyingo 2015, na bwo yongeye kugaragara cyane ubwo yegukanaga ikamba ry'igisonga cya kane muri [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] w'umuco muri Miss Heritage Global muri 2015, aho yari ahanganye n'abakobwa 44 bo mu bihugu bitandukanye ryabereye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika y'epfo]] mu mujyi wa Jonesburg.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yasabwe-aranakobwa-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209141221/https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yasabwe-aranakobwa-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == 87kxve782isnk219ziz03lkf59hehzu 0 10418 136970 134047 2026-09-14T13:10:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136970 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rufonsina.jpg|thumb|Uwimpuwe Sandrine uzimuri film nka Rufonsina|358x358px]] [[Dosiye:Uwimpuwe Sandrine.jpg|thumb|Rufonsina Umukinnyikazi wa film mu Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umuhungu-we-wagira-ngo-baravukana-rufonsina-wo-muri-filime-umuturanyi-yerekanye-umwana-we-wumuhungu-abyiruye-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-07 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807174125/https://yegob.rw/umuhungu-we-wagira-ngo-baravukana-rufonsina-wo-muri-filime-umuturanyi-yerekanye-umwana-we-wumuhungu-abyiruye-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>'''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ni umugore w'umunyarwandakazi akaba umukinnyi wa [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] umaze kumenyekana cyane mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ku mazina ya Rufonsina. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ubundi amazina ye yanyayo ni ayo, aho benshi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no kuri televisiyo na [[Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye|radiyo]] <ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/</ref> azwi nka Rufonsina. [[Umwana]] w'umukobwa w'umunyamahane cyane akaba [[umwana]] w'umukobwa w'umunyacyaro cyane utewe ishema ryokuvuga [[Ikigori|ikigoyi]] (ni ururimi rukoreshwa mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|majyaruguru]]<ref>https://www.northernprovince.gov.rw/</ref> ashyira [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]]<ref>https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/</ref> bw'u [[Rwanda]].) Uwimpundu afite umugabo bashakanye afite n'[[umwana]] umwe w'umukobwa akaba ari Mama Gallois izina ry'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|ububyeyi]], akaba asazwe akora akazi umwuga w'ukubudozi .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/actress-rufonsina-shares-journey-stardom</ref>Uwimpundu Sandrine uzwi nka Rufonsina ndetse akaba ubu ari umukinnyi genderwaho muri filime inyura kuri television Rwanda mu cyigo cy'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru RBA, ahoo akina ari umudozi w'imyenda, witwa cyane kukazike ndetse n'abakiriye be abitaho , afite kandi umwana w;umuhugu umwe . <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114025/inzozi-za-rufonsina-wamamaye-muri-sinema-kubera-ikigoyi-114025.html</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60414624</ref> == GUKINA FILIME == '''Uwimpundu Sandine''' tuzi kumazina ya '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWCybNTWa24</ref> uri mu bagore bacye bakina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] mu [[Rwanda]] basetsa nkuko abagabo babikora,akaba ari umwe utuma filime Nyarwanda zikundwa. izina '''Rufonsina''' ryatumwe amenyekana muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] ari gukina yatumwe amenyekana cyane, Rufonsina ukunze gukina filime ari umugoyikazi (uvuga [[Ikigori|ikigoyi]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNb6BPLL9Lc</ref>). '''Rufonsina''' wabaye umukinnyi muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] Ejo Si Cyera, byamufashije kumenyekana, kakaba ari kamwe mu kamufashije kumenyekana cyane, Ati " Akantu nkina nkubitana imigeri [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILy-SInA18M</ref>imigeri,ncanga imigeri ako kantu naragakunze cyane gafite urwego kashyizeho kuko karahererekanyijwe cyane n'abantu bo [[Hande Yener|hanze]] barampamagaye biti usanzwe ukina karate?, ni gute ukubita umugobo agahunga, bimeze bite?". Rufonsina umaze imwaka myinshi akina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] isaga 12, gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] no gutebya ntabwo ari ibintu ashakisha cyangwa yaba yarize mu mashuri ahubwo ni impano [[Imana]] Yamuhaye, yagize Ati " ushobora kumbwira ngo ngwino nguhe [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] Gukina) nkacishamo ijisho umunota umwe nkahita mbikora binyoroheye.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60414624</ref> '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ubu ari gukina muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] eshanu icyarimwe, ibyo akabishobora kuko badakina babatunguye kandi abikora bucye bucye. [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|Filime]] yinjiye no mu rugo rwe kuburyo ibyo akora umugabo we arabikunda ndetse aranamushyigikiye, naho [[umwana]] ,<ref>https://kigalihit.rw/rufonsina-umukinnyi-wa-film-ukunzwe-mu-rwanda-yatunguwe-numwana-we/</ref> we w' [[Umwana|umukobwa]] y'ibyariye ntakimwita mama we ahubwo amwita Rusonsi ngwino wirebe dore uri kunyura kuti televiziyo, gusa uwo mwana nawe arabikunda. '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWCybNTWa24</ref> ucyeneye iterambere rirambye kandi rihoraho afite intego yo kuzaba umukinnyi mpuzamahanga muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] na [[Cinema of Botswana|cinema]] ku [[Isi|isi.]] <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/actress-rufonsina-shares-journey-stardom</ref> == Ibihembo == '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' (Yageze i [[kigali]] bwa mbere 2007 akaba yaratangiye gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] 2009) yahawe ibihembo bibiri mu [[Rwanda]] nk'umukinnyi mwiza wa [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] w'umwaka wa 2020, n'umukinnyi mwiza wa byenda gusetsa w'[[umwaka]] 2020. '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9Asa2Nplpw</ref> amaze gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] nyishi zirimo Kibonke<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_f91Xm1n-s</ref> Papa Sava<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRZtPk4WQG8</ref>, [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]],<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_dm69U7ZGM</ref> Ejo si kera<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcsOP7SA7eM</ref>, Umuturanyi<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlX3j5CBKNw</ref>.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114025/inzozi-za-rufonsina-wamamaye-muri-sinema-kubera-ikigoyi-114025.html</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa film]] 2o9mnb94iyk3f6iktcxyew0008wvehd 137076 136970 2026-09-14T13:16:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137076 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rufonsina.jpg|thumb|Uwimpuwe Sandrine uzimuri film nka Rufonsina|358x358px]] [[Dosiye:Uwimpuwe Sandrine.jpg|thumb|Rufonsina Umukinnyikazi wa film mu Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umuhungu-we-wagira-ngo-baravukana-rufonsina-wo-muri-filime-umuturanyi-yerekanye-umwana-we-wumuhungu-abyiruye-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-07 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807174125/https://yegob.rw/umuhungu-we-wagira-ngo-baravukana-rufonsina-wo-muri-filime-umuturanyi-yerekanye-umwana-we-wumuhungu-abyiruye-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>'''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ni umugore w'umunyarwandakazi akaba umukinnyi wa [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] umaze kumenyekana cyane mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ku mazina ya Rufonsina. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ubundi amazina ye yanyayo ni ayo, aho benshi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no kuri televisiyo na [[Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye|radiyo]] <ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/</ref> azwi nka Rufonsina. [[Umwana]] w'umukobwa w'umunyamahane cyane akaba [[umwana]] w'umukobwa w'umunyacyaro cyane utewe ishema ryokuvuga [[Ikigori|ikigoyi]] (ni ururimi rukoreshwa mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|majyaruguru]]<ref>https://www.northernprovince.gov.rw/</ref> ashyira [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]]<ref>https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/</ref> bw'u [[Rwanda]].) Uwimpundu afite umugabo bashakanye afite n'[[umwana]] umwe w'umukobwa akaba ari Mama Gallois izina ry'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|ububyeyi]], akaba asazwe akora akazi umwuga w'ukubudozi .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/actress-rufonsina-shares-journey-stardom</ref>Uwimpundu Sandrine uzwi nka Rufonsina ndetse akaba ubu ari umukinnyi genderwaho muri filime inyura kuri television Rwanda mu cyigo cy'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru RBA, ahoo akina ari umudozi w'imyenda, witwa cyane kukazike ndetse n'abakiriye be abitaho , afite kandi umwana w;umuhugu umwe . <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114025/inzozi-za-rufonsina-wamamaye-muri-sinema-kubera-ikigoyi-114025.html</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60414624</ref> == Gukina filime == '''Uwimpundu Sandine''' tuzi kumazina ya '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWCybNTWa24</ref> uri mu bagore bacye bakina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] mu [[Rwanda]] basetsa nkuko abagabo babikora,akaba ari umwe utuma filime Nyarwanda zikundwa. izina '''Rufonsina''' ryatumwe amenyekana muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] ari gukina yatumwe amenyekana cyane, Rufonsina ukunze gukina filime ari umugoyikazi (uvuga [[Ikigori|ikigoyi]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNb6BPLL9Lc</ref>). '''Rufonsina''' wabaye umukinnyi muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] Ejo Si Cyera, byamufashije kumenyekana, kakaba ari kamwe mu kamufashije kumenyekana cyane, Ati " Akantu nkina nkubitana imigeri [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILy-SInA18M</ref>imigeri,ncanga imigeri ako kantu naragakunze cyane gafite urwego kashyizeho kuko karahererekanyijwe cyane n'abantu bo [[Hande Yener|hanze]] barampamagaye biti usanzwe ukina karate?, ni gute ukubita umugobo agahunga, bimeze bite?". Rufonsina umaze imwaka myinshi akina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] isaga 12, gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] no gutebya ntabwo ari ibintu ashakisha cyangwa yaba yarize mu mashuri ahubwo ni impano [[Imana]] Yamuhaye, yagize Ati " ushobora kumbwira ngo ngwino nguhe [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] Gukina) nkacishamo ijisho umunota umwe nkahita mbikora binyoroheye.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60414624</ref> '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ubu ari gukina muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] eshanu icyarimwe, ibyo akabishobora kuko badakina babatunguye kandi abikora bucye bucye. [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|Filime]] yinjiye no mu rugo rwe kuburyo ibyo akora umugabo we arabikunda ndetse aranamushyigikiye, naho [[umwana]] ,<ref>https://kigalihit.rw/rufonsina-umukinnyi-wa-film-ukunzwe-mu-rwanda-yatunguwe-numwana-we/</ref> we w' [[Umwana|umukobwa]] y'ibyariye ntakimwita mama we ahubwo amwita Rusonsi ngwino wirebe dore uri kunyura kuti televiziyo, gusa uwo mwana nawe arabikunda. '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWCybNTWa24</ref> ucyeneye iterambere rirambye kandi rihoraho afite intego yo kuzaba umukinnyi mpuzamahanga muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] na [[Cinema of Botswana|cinema]] ku [[Isi|isi.]] <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/actress-rufonsina-shares-journey-stardom</ref> == Ibihembo == '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' (Yageze i [[kigali]] bwa mbere 2007 akaba yaratangiye gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] 2009) yahawe ibihembo bibiri mu [[Rwanda]] nk'umukinnyi mwiza wa [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] w'umwaka wa 2020, n'umukinnyi mwiza wa byenda gusetsa w'[[umwaka]] 2020. '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9Asa2Nplpw</ref> amaze gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] nyishi zirimo Kibonke<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_f91Xm1n-s</ref> Papa Sava<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRZtPk4WQG8</ref>, [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]],<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_dm69U7ZGM</ref> Ejo si kera<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcsOP7SA7eM</ref>, Umuturanyi<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlX3j5CBKNw</ref>.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114025/inzozi-za-rufonsina-wamamaye-muri-sinema-kubera-ikigoyi-114025.html</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa film]] atdntu2cxrygxazbzlrz72y32pgyhjl 0 10435 136778 134294 2026-09-14T13:05:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136778 wikitext text/x-wiki Izina ryabaye ikimenyabose ni Claire[cyangwa Kerere], umukobwa wa Kankwanzi na Bushombe bo mu Ikinamico Urunana, amazemo [[Umwaka|imyaka]] irenga cumi n’ibiri amazina ye nyakuri ni '''Umwali Aurore'''. == Ubuzima == '''Claire''' cyangwa '''Kerere''' Ubusanzwe yitwa '''Umwali Aurore''' akaba yaramamaye nka Claire mu [https://rw.scienceforming.com/10863495-what-is-drama ikinamico]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p098qrz0</ref> urunana<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p0c54wg1</ref> yanyuraga kuri [https://www.bbc.com/ BBC] ,<ref>https://www.bbc.com/</ref> [[https://www.bbc.com/ British Broadcasting Corporation]],<ref>https://www.bbc.com/</ref> iri zina ni naryo abaturanyi bamuhamagara iwabo i [[Nyamirambo]] kuri 40. Yatangiye gukina Urunana<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p0c54wg1</ref> yiga mu kiburamwaka mu mwaka wa 2005. Icyo gihe ajya gukina Urunana<ref>https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/ikinamico-urunana/id1492479210</ref> ntiyari azi ibyo arimo neza nk’umwana wari umaze igihe gito atangiye kwiga kugenda no guca akenge. Yinjiye mu ikinamico ajyanwe n’[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] we [[Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice]] [uwo bakinana nka Kankwanzi [<nowiki/>[[Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice]]] ari na we [[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] we mu Runana]. Umwali Aurole, ubu yiga mu [[umwaka]] wa kane mu [[ishuri]] rya [https://vymaps.com/RW/St-Philip-Tvet-School-31529/ Saint Philippe Gikondo]<ref>http://hanga.rw/read_article.php?article=1789&art=Kigali:Umurenge%20wa%20Gikondo%20ukomeje%20.html</ref> riherereye mu Murenge wa Kigarama mu K[[Akarere ka Kicukiro|arere ka Kicukiro]], mu ishami ry’ibaruramari. Yavukiye mu [[umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]], i [[Nyamirambo]] aho ni mu [[akarere ka Nyarugenge|Karere ka Nyarugenge]] ari naho [[Umwana|abana]] n’[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] we [[Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice]] ['''Kankwanzi'''].<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5604/Shira-amatsiko-kuri-Kankwanzi-ukinana-numukobwa-we-mu-Runana</ref> == Gukina ikinamico == '''Umwali Aurore''' w’imyaka 17 avuga ko atajya agorwa no gukina ari [[Umwana|umukobwa]] wo mu cyaro, icyamufashije cyane ngo ni uko yatangiye kubikina akiri muto bityo abikuriramo bikiyongeraho ko yumva akunze [[Icyarabu|icyaro.]]Ati “Uretse ko dukina ibyanditse ariko nubwo navukiye mu [[Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]] [[ubuzima]] bw’icyaro ndabukunda, mu gukina ndabanza nkishyira mu buzima bw’icyaro nkabona gukina nk’[[umwana]] wo mu cyaro. Iyo Umwali na [[Nyinawamwiza Laetitia|nyina]] bari mu rugo mu buzima busanzwe ntiwapfa kumenya ko bakinana mu Runana,<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p0c54wg1</ref> gusa hari [[Igiherero|igihe]] baterura ikiganiro ukumvamo amajwi yo kwa Bushombe na Kankwanzi ([[Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice]]) i [[Nyamirambo]]. Umwali avuga ko kuba yarahawe gukina ari [[umwana]] wa Kankwanzi [<nowiki/>[[Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice]]] ari na we nyina w’amaraso ngo “Bimfasha kwirekura mu gukina.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ibiteye-amatsiko-wibaza-kuri-kankwanzi-wo-mu-runanaumubano-we-na-bushombe-icyo-apfana-na-claire/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2021-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718164701/https://yegob.rw/ibiteye-amatsiko-wibaza-kuri-kankwanzi-wo-mu-runanaumubano-we-na-bushombe-icyo-apfana-na-claire/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Urunana === '''Umwali Aurore''' nka '''Kerere''' cyangwa '''Claire''' yibuka ko akinjira mu [https://rw.scienceforming.com/10863495-what-is-drama ikinamico]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p098qrz0</ref> Urunana,<ref>https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/ikinamico-urunana/id1492479210</ref> amafaranga ya mbere bamuhembye nyina yamuguriyemo [http://ukwezi.rw/Imyidagaduro/article/VIDEO-Twaganiriye-na-Golizo-igipupe-gitangaje-kiganira-nk-abantu-bikayobera-benshi-i-Kigali?fbclid=IwAR3CGQB9epOB4ACxk346HDfEX9pGfj8rFe9cxf2MsazZkV9lgdIEO29IyJE igipupe], gusa amaze guca akenge ari we bacishaho amafaranga yabashije kwigurira [[:en:Telephone|telefone]] igezweho. Hejuru y’inyungu nyinshi yakuye mu Runana, '''Umwali Aurore''' avuga ko igikomeye yungutse [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] mushya ndetse ngo ni byo bimwishyurira [[ishuri]].Ati “Igikomeye nungukiye mu [https://rw.cultureoeuvre.com/10561828-what-is-theater ikinamico] Urunana ni uko hari inyigisho batanga ku rubyiruko nanjye nkafataho, harimo n’inyungu z’amafaranga, mbasha kwiyishyurira [[ishuri]] kubera gukina.”Umwali avuga ko i [[Nyamirambo]] ahafite inshuti z’urungano banafitanye umubano ukomeye hanze y’ikinamico<ref>https://rw.cultureoeuvre.com/10561828-what-is-theater</ref> nka Petero, [[Mutesi Jolly|Mutesi]], Obama musaza we n'abandi.<ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-claire-umukobwa-wa-kankwanzi-mu-maraso-akaba-uwa-bushombe-mu-runana</ref> == Inzozi == '''Umwali Aurore''' nka '''Kerere''' cyangwa '''Claire''' inzozi afite harimo kwagura impano ye akazavamo [[Umuturirwa|umuntu]] ukomeye mu ikinamico.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p098qrz0</ref> Ikindi gikomeye yifuza ni ukuzaba [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] uzwi mu '''[[Rwanda]]''' agakoresha ubumenyi yakuye mu [[ishuri]]. Ati “Numva nacuruza ibintu byo [[Kuragira|kurya]], ngashinga nka alimentation<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimentation</ref> cyangwa byazanshobokera nabonye ubushobozi nkashinga [[Hotel Rwanda|hoteli]].”<ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-claire-umukobwa-wa-kankwanzi-mu-maraso-akaba-uwa-bushombe-mu-runana</ref> == Amashakiro; == 12zfp8nh1g1x9uypk3so0aa5piipgc0 0 10439 136816 119820 2026-09-14T13:06:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136816 wikitext text/x-wiki Numbona uzanyite umusizi, nunyumva uzanyite igisigo" - icyo ni icyivugo cya '''Carine Maniraguha''' umusizi kugeza ubu ufite igihembo giheruka cy'uwahize abandi bose mu '''[[Rwanda]]'''. == UBUSIZI == Ubusizi ni ubutunzi bukomeye bw'umuco w'abantu - bwabayeho kuva cyera cyane ku imigabane yose y[[Isi|'isi]] aho abasizi bungikanya [[Amagambo ahinnye|amagambo]] yuje ubuhanga n'injyana mu gusobanura ibiriho, [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]], ibyishimo, intambara, urukundo, [[Amahoro Masa|amahoro]], n'ibindi.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60817781</ref> '''Maniraguha Carine''' Kimwe mu bisigo bye gitangaje ni icyo yise "[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89210/maniraguha-carine-yasohoye-umuvugo-yise-nsa-nkumusazi-yacyashyemo-urubyiruko-video-89210.html Nsa nk'umusazi]"<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89210/maniraguha-carine-yasohoye-umuvugo-yise-nsa-nkumusazi-yacyashyemo-urubyiruko-video-89210.html</ref> aho avuga ku byo areba mu ishusho y'[[Umuturirwa (Waltheria)|umuntu]] abandi bita [[Umusozi|umusazi]], ati: "Ariko uko wasara uko ari ko kose ntabwo ibintu byawe byose biba ari ubusazi." avuga ko yahanze icyo gisigo kuko abitwa abasazi n'abiyita abazima babona ibintu ugutandukanye kandi buri wese azi ko uko abibona aribyo bizima. Ati: "Nanjye nanditse kiriya gisigo nk'[[Umuturirwa|umuntu]] utari gusobanukirwa neza ibyo ndimo kureba, atari uko ari byiza ahubwo hari aho biri kutujyana hatari heza." '''Carine Maniraguha''' aka yaragaragaye muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] nka [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]], [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1MTnJ_HNnA Makuta]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1MTnJ_HNnA</ref> na [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkK6PCsoXQk Ejo si kera]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkK6PCsoXQk</ref> zinyura kuri [https://www.rba.co.rw/ RBA] <ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/</ref>. === [https://web.archive.org/web/20220509224529/https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/tariki-21-werurwe 21 WERURWE] === [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Ishami]]<nowiki/>ry'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] w'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|abibumbye]] ryita ku [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]], ubumenyi, n'[[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]], [https://www.unesco.org/en UNESCO] <ref>https://www.unesco.org/en</ref>rivuga ko ariyo mpamvu buri mwaka tariki 21 [[Werurwe]] yahariwe kwishimira no gusigarisa ubusizi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/maniraguha-acting-writing-and-curbing-hate-society</ref> Bigendanye n'uyu munsi wa 2022, ukuriye [https://www.unesco.org/en UNESCO]<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en</ref> yavuze ko "imbaraga z'ubusizi ntacyo wazigereranya", kandi ko nk'imvugo ifungura [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|imiryango]] ku bandi ubusizi ari [[ubuvanganzo]] "bukenewe kurushaho mu bihe bikomeye".<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/maniraguha-acting-writing-and-curbing-hate-society</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/tariki-21-werurwe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2022-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509224529/https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/tariki-21-werurwe |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima == '''Maniraguha Carine''' [[Umwana|umukobwa]] w'umunyarwandakazi w'umusizi udasobecyeranya uzwi kandi nka '''Carine Poet''' [ufite imyaka 27] ubwo mu 2018 habaye irushanwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20220919104749/https://artrwanda.rw/ Art Rwanda-Ubuhanzi] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artrwanda.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2022-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919104749/https://artrwanda.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>ry'ikigo I[https://www.imbutofoundation.org/ mbuto Foundation] kuva ku [[imidugudu]] kugeza ku rwego rw'[[igihugu]], abagabo n'abagore, '''Maniraguha''' '''Carine''' aza mu basizi 10 ba mbere, ndetse aza kubarusha aba uwa mbere. Nta rindi riraba kugeza ubu. '''Carine Poet''' acyeka ko inganzo ye ayikomora ku mugore wa mbere ufatwa nk'uwatangije ubusizi buriho ubu mu [[Rwanda]] - Nyiraruganzu II Nyirarumaga (wabayeho 1500 - 1550) -, nubwo na nyina umubyara afite iyo mpano ariko ngo atigeze ageza mu ruhame. Yagize ati: "Kugeza ubu igihembo cy'umusizi wa mbere mu [[Rwanda]] ni njyewe ugifite."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60817781</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89210/maniraguha-carine-yasohoye-umuvugo-yise-nsa-nkumusazi-yacyashyemo-urubyiruko-video-89210.html</ref> == Reba == h3zazj6andk962wlyzm613uxd3hqfy6 137115 136816 2026-09-14T13:18:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137115 wikitext text/x-wiki Numbona uzanyite umusizi, nunyumva uzanyite igisigo" - icyo ni icyivugo cya '''Carine Maniraguha''' umusizi kugeza ubu ufite igihembo giheruka cy'uwahize abandi bose mu '''[[Rwanda]]'''. == Ubusizi == Ubusizi ni ubutunzi bukomeye bw'umuco w'abantu - bwabayeho kuva cyera cyane ku imigabane yose y[[Isi|'isi]] aho abasizi bungikanya [[Amagambo ahinnye|amagambo]] yuje ubuhanga n'injyana mu gusobanura ibiriho, [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]], ibyishimo, intambara, urukundo, [[Amahoro Masa|amahoro]], n'ibindi.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60817781</ref> '''Maniraguha Carine''' Kimwe mu bisigo bye gitangaje ni icyo yise "[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89210/maniraguha-carine-yasohoye-umuvugo-yise-nsa-nkumusazi-yacyashyemo-urubyiruko-video-89210.html Nsa nk'umusazi]"<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89210/maniraguha-carine-yasohoye-umuvugo-yise-nsa-nkumusazi-yacyashyemo-urubyiruko-video-89210.html</ref> aho avuga ku byo areba mu ishusho y'[[Umuturirwa (Waltheria)|umuntu]] abandi bita [[Umusozi|umusazi]], ati: "Ariko uko wasara uko ari ko kose ntabwo ibintu byawe byose biba ari ubusazi." avuga ko yahanze icyo gisigo kuko abitwa abasazi n'abiyita abazima babona ibintu ugutandukanye kandi buri wese azi ko uko abibona aribyo bizima. Ati: "Nanjye nanditse kiriya gisigo nk'[[Umuturirwa|umuntu]] utari gusobanukirwa neza ibyo ndimo kureba, atari uko ari byiza ahubwo hari aho biri kutujyana hatari heza." '''Carine Maniraguha''' aka yaragaragaye muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] nka [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]], [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1MTnJ_HNnA Makuta]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1MTnJ_HNnA</ref> na [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkK6PCsoXQk Ejo si kera]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkK6PCsoXQk</ref> zinyura kuri [https://www.rba.co.rw/ RBA] <ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/</ref>. === [https://web.archive.org/web/20220509224529/https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/tariki-21-werurwe 21 WERURWE] === [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Ishami]]<nowiki/>ry'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] w'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|abibumbye]] ryita ku [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]], ubumenyi, n'[[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]], [https://www.unesco.org/en UNESCO] <ref>https://www.unesco.org/en</ref>rivuga ko ariyo mpamvu buri mwaka tariki 21 [[Werurwe]] yahariwe kwishimira no gusigarisa ubusizi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/maniraguha-acting-writing-and-curbing-hate-society</ref> Bigendanye n'uyu munsi wa 2022, ukuriye [https://www.unesco.org/en UNESCO]<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en</ref> yavuze ko "imbaraga z'ubusizi ntacyo wazigereranya", kandi ko nk'imvugo ifungura [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|imiryango]] ku bandi ubusizi ari [[ubuvanganzo]] "bukenewe kurushaho mu bihe bikomeye".<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/maniraguha-acting-writing-and-curbing-hate-society</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/tariki-21-werurwe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2022-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509224529/https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/tariki-21-werurwe |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima == '''Maniraguha Carine''' [[Umwana|umukobwa]] w'umunyarwandakazi w'umusizi udasobecyeranya uzwi kandi nka '''Carine Poet''' [ufite imyaka 27] ubwo mu 2018 habaye irushanwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20220919104749/https://artrwanda.rw/ Art Rwanda-Ubuhanzi] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artrwanda.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2022-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919104749/https://artrwanda.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>ry'ikigo I[https://www.imbutofoundation.org/ mbuto Foundation] kuva ku [[imidugudu]] kugeza ku rwego rw'[[igihugu]], abagabo n'abagore, '''Maniraguha''' '''Carine''' aza mu basizi 10 ba mbere, ndetse aza kubarusha aba uwa mbere. Nta rindi riraba kugeza ubu. '''Carine Poet''' acyeka ko inganzo ye ayikomora ku mugore wa mbere ufatwa nk'uwatangije ubusizi buriho ubu mu [[Rwanda]] - Nyiraruganzu II Nyirarumaga (wabayeho 1500 - 1550) -, nubwo na nyina umubyara afite iyo mpano ariko ngo atigeze ageza mu ruhame. Yagize ati: "Kugeza ubu igihembo cy'umusizi wa mbere mu [[Rwanda]] ni njyewe ugifite."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60817781</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89210/maniraguha-carine-yasohoye-umuvugo-yise-nsa-nkumusazi-yacyashyemo-urubyiruko-video-89210.html</ref> == Reba == f61ml7rhi35lpjnkrin1owxw0cty343 0 10451 137045 134810 2026-09-14T13:11:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137045 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amavu n'amavuko == '''Clarisse Uwineza''' n'umunyarwandakazi,umuvugabutumwa akaba n'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] wabana babiri, uyu mugore kandi numunyamakuru ukorera [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|ikigo]] cy'igihugu cyitangaza makuru (RBA) ukunzwe nabatari bake hano murwanda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/yarwaye-covid-19-inshuro-ebyiri-na-kanseri-ibyo-utamenye-ku-buzima-bwa-uwineza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430190501/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/yarwaye-covid-19-inshuro-ebyiri-na-kanseri-ibyo-utamenye-ku-buzima-bwa-uwineza |url-status=dead }}</ref> . == Umwuga == Uwineza amaze imyaka irenga 17 yinjiye Umumwuga witangazamakuru akaba yaranaryize muri kaminuza y'ishuri gatolika rya kabgayi (ICK).Yatangiriye akazi kuri Radio Maria Rwanda yahamaze imyaka irindwi ahavuye ajya gukorera kuri Radio salus iherereye mucyahoze ari Butare naho yahamaze imyaka ibiriri ahavuye nibwo yaje gukorera Radio Rwanda kuva (2010)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nkundagospel.rw/2022/02/23/byinshi-kuri-clarisse-uwineza-umunyamakuru-akaba-numukristu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223181045/https://nkundagospel.rw/2022/02/23/byinshi-kuri-clarisse-uwineza-umunyamakuru-akaba-numukristu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kugera ubungubu Clarisse yumvikana mubiganiro bitandukanye birimo "kazi ni kazi,Amahumbezina ntarungu" ntarungu nikiganiro gikunzwe na benshii aho yibanda kukwigisha k'urukundo ndetse no gususurutsa abantu mumasaha y'ijoro. == Ibyutamenye. == <ref><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/86999/umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwineza-wa-rba-yavuze-ibihe-bikomeye-yanyuzemo-muri-2018-birimo-no-g-86999.html</nowiki></ref>Clarisse Uwineza uzwi nka"Clara" Uzwi mubiganiro byurukundo mumasaha yijoro kuri Radiyo Rwanda Avuga ko taliki 23 Ukwakira atazayibagirwa mubuzima bwe, kuko iyo Taliki aribwo yibweho Umwana we winfura. gusa Uwo mwana yaje kumubona nyuma y'umwaka nigice ahamagawe numuntu uba hanze Y'Igihugu<ref><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71682/ubuhamya-bw-umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwineza-bw-uko-yibwe-umwan-71682.html</nowiki></ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Mumwaka 2020 nibwo uyumugore yatangiye gukina film aho yagaragaye muri film y'uruhererekane yitwa Indoto na city maid bica kuri Televison [[Rwanda]] ,iyimampano yogukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|film]] ayifatanya nitangazamakuru ndetse nivugabutumwa, aho afite ubuhamya bwuko yarwaye cancer y'inkondo yumura ndetse anarwaye COVID-19 ubugira kabiri hamwe nabana be babiri. == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] h7lvvwwc56pj9ve4cubu15jucgw90y0 0 10456 136856 134946 2026-09-14T13:07:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Docteur Mukanyirigira Didacienne''', ni umwe mu [[Umugore|mubagore]] b'abanyarwanda b'indashyikirwa akaba ari umwe mu bahanga mu myuga w'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] mu [[Rwanda]]. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Docteur Didacienne Mukanyirigira''' ni umwarimu muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|nkuru]] <ref>[[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]]</ref> yu [[Rwanda]] mu ishami ry[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhaga]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620010711/https://www.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/</ref> akaba n'umuyobozi w'icyiciro cy'[[Kabiri|akabiri]] [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|mukigo]] [[Afurika|nyafurika]] gishizwe interinete ikora hagati y' ibintu, uyu [[umugore]] akaba n'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] w[[abana]] 3, yagiye akora amasomo itandukanye muri urwo rwego ubu akaba afite impamyabushobozi y'icyirenga [<nowiki/>[[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|PHD]]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy</ref> mu [[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620010711/https://www.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/</ref> n'itumanaho ariko mbere yibyo byose akaba atigeze arota kuzagera kuri urwo rwego .<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51742739</ref> == Amasomo yize == '''Docteur Mukanyirigira Didacienne''' kuri ubu ni umuyobozi w’amasomo mu [[Ishuri]] rya [https://web.archive.org/web/20220522115335/https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/ICT-information-and-communications-technology-or-technologies ICT] akaba n’umuyobozi w'icyiciro cy'a[[kabiri]] [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|m'ikigo]] ny[[afurika]] gishizwe interinete ikora ku bintu ([https://aceiot.ur.ac.rw/ ACEIoT])<ref>https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37088880573</ref> muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|nkuru]] yu [[Rwanda]].Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya BSc<ref>https://www.bcs.org/</ref> muri [[:en:Category:Electromechanical_engineering|Electromechanical Engineering]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electromechanical_engineering</ref> yakuye mu [[Ishuri]] Rikuru ry'ubumenyi n'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|Ikoranabuhanga]] rya [[Kigali]] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220522070528/https://council.science/member/rwanda-kigali-institute-of-science-and-technology-kist-rwanda/ KIST])<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://council.science/member/rwanda-kigali-institute-of-science-and-technology-kist-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522070528/https://council.science/member/rwanda-kigali-institute-of-science-and-technology-kist-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, ubu ni [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|nkuru]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|ya]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Rwanda]], [[Ishuri]] Rikuru ry'ubumenyi n'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] ([https://cst.ur.ac.rw/ UR-CST]<ref>https://cst.ur.ac.rw/</ref>).Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya [[kabiri]] cya siyansi mu bijyanye n'amakuru n'itumanaho yakuye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] ya Huazhong y’ubumenyi n’[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] ([http://english.hust.edu.cn/ HUST]<ref>http://english.hust.edu.cn/</ref>), mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], na PhD<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy</ref> mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi, [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi|ubushakashatsi]] bw’itumanaho yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] ya [https://www.uct.ac.za/ Cape Town], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. '''Docteru Mukanyirigira Didacienne''' Inyungu zubushakashatsi bwe ni ugukoresha interineti y'ibintu kugirango ibone ibisubizo by'[[igihugu]] mubibazo bitandukanye, harimo ubwikorezi, [[ubuhinzi]], [[ubuzima]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://digitalaroundtheworld.org/speakers/didacienne-mukanyiligira/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516152834/https://digitalaroundtheworld.org/speakers/didacienne-mukanyiligira/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imirimo akora == '''Docteur Mukanyirigira Didacienne''' Kugeza ubu ni Umusesenguzi Mukuru muri [[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA|Komisiyo]] y’[[igihugu]] ishinzwe ubumenyi n’[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] ([https://www.ncst.gov.rw/ NCST]<ref>https://www.ncst.gov.rw/</ref>), u [[Rwanda]] akaba na Perezida w’Inama y'ubutegetsi muri [[Rwanda]] Energy Group Limited.<ref>https://www.reg.rw/about-us/board-of-directors/</ref><ref>https://aceiot.ur.ac.rw/?Dr-MUKANYIRIGIRA-Didacienne</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} td9ri6rn13ojvu9beouogo3zzh8p9fd 0 10463 136929 134081 2026-09-14T13:09:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136929 wikitext text/x-wiki Abagore baragenda biyongera mu kazi ko kubaka mu [[Rwanda]], ariko ni bacye cyane baboneka bakuriye za '[https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/chantier/14649 chantiers]'<ref>https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/chantier/14649</ref>, '''Enatha Cyuzuzo''' ari muri abo, ni umwihariko afite mu [[intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[akarere ka Nyagatare|Karere ka Nyagatare]]. == Umwuga == '''Cyuzuzo Enatha'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.afrik-jeunes.net/femmes-leaders-une-rwandaise-ouvre-la-voie-aux-femmes-dans-la-construction/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218014858/https://www.afrik-jeunes.net/femmes-leaders-une-rwandaise-ouvre-la-voie-aux-femmes-dans-la-construction/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kubakisha inzu niwo mwuga yize muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]], ariko ni n'ibintu yakunze kuva ari muto, anabishyigikirwamo n'ababyeyi be n'abavandimwe be, nk'uko yabibwiye [https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60329775?at_custom2=facebook_page&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=BBC+News+Gahuza&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_custom4=0985702A-8A45-11EC-9DCD-7F0416F31EAE&at_campaign=64&fbclid=IwAR2V2M5f5Bvy_BZ4OVtA0u8aDEbiiHeuJYbIX65L9QpzTgKc0hmROC-l0jk BBC]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60329775?at_custom2=facebook_page&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=BBC+News+Gahuza&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_custom4=0985702A-8A45-11EC-9DCD-7F0416F31EAE&at_campaign=64&fbclid=IwAR2V2M5f5Bvy_BZ4OVtA0u8aDEbiiHeuJYbIX65L9QpzTgKc0hmROC-l0jk</ref>.Mu biro bya kompanyi ye [https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-information.construction.rw.na.kigali.html Ela Poder Construction Company]<ref>https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-information.construction.rw.na.kigali.html</ref>, no kuri [https://www.linternaute.fr/dictionnaire/fr/definition/chantier/ chantier]<ref>https://www.linternaute.fr/dictionnaire/fr/definition/chantier/</ref> imwe muzo afite i [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]], '''Cyuzuzo''' akoresha abagabo n'[[Umugore|abagore]] barimo n'abamuruta cyane mu [[imyaka]].[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|Inzu]] imwe muzo ari kubakisha ayigeze kure, ati: "Ubu ndi gupinyura 'renton' ndashaka gusakara nyine"Yongeraho ati: "Iyo twubaka [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] tugira ibyiciro, hari icyiciro cya [[Rimwe|mberee]] cyo gutegura, ubundi niko [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|kazi,]] ibindi ni ukubikura ku gipapuro nkabitereka ku ikibanza. "Aha bisaba kwitonda cyane kuko [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Akarere]]<ref>https://www.nyagatare.gov.rw/</ref> kaza gusuzuma niba ibintu washushanyije aribyo wubatse." Mu [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|kazi]] ke ko gupatana no kubakisha [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]], uyu [[Umwana|mukobwa]] w'[[imyaka]] 26 ushoboye yerekera abagabo n'[[Umugore|'abagore]], akabaha amabwiriza y'ibyo bakora, akabahemba nabo bakababo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212083323/https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/taking-risks-and-going-something-works-says-engineering-firm-owner</ref> === Ntacyananira === '''Cyuzuzo Enatha''' nk'umwubatsi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.afrik-jeunes.net/femmes-leaders-une-rwandaise-ouvre-la-voie-aux-femmes-dans-la-construction/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218014858/https://www.afrik-jeunes.net/femmes-leaders-une-rwandaise-ouvre-la-voie-aux-femmes-dans-la-construction/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ([https://www.watercw.com/?gclid=CjwKCAjwve2TBhByEiwAaktM1Em0msNIGPqL1wgxa9isMIecnHj-bi-nrFDU-qwmk7tteutLZ_cMqxoC3A0QAvD_BwE civil engineer]<ref>https://www.watercw.com/?gclid=CjwKCAjwve2TBhByEiwAaktM1Em0msNIGPqL1wgxa9isMIecnHj-bi-nrFDU-qwmk7tteutLZ_cMqxoC3A0QAvD_BwE</ref>)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212083323/https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> amaze kubakisha inzu<ref>https://www.watercw.com/?gclid=CjwKCAjwve2TBhByEiwAaktM1Em0msNIGPqL1wgxa9isMIecnHj-bi-nrFDU-qwmk7tteutLZ_cMqxoC3A0QAvD_BwE</ref> i [[Kigali]] aho akomoka no muri Nyagatare<ref>https://www.nyagatare.gov.rw/</ref> aho yahisemo gukorera kuko yabonye ari [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi]] uzakomeza gutanga [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] kenshi mu bwubatsi n'ejo hazaza. '''Gatete Athanase'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tdpelmedia.com/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724233509/https://tdpelmedia.com/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction |url-status=dead }}</ref> wamuhaye [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] k'[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] ubu ari kubakisha m[[Umujyi wa Kigali|u mujyi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=10 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517171122/https://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wa [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]]<ref>https://www.nyagatare.gov.rw/</ref> avuga ko yakamuhaye kuko yabonye ko afite ubushobozi. Ati: "Azi kubaka, kandi [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|inzu]] ni ikintu umuntu ashyira hariya kikagaraga ukavuga uti 'iyi [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] yubatse neza', ibikorwa rero yakoze [mbere] nibyo byivugiye, mbona afite ubushobozi, mbona afite udushya." Nubwo ataragira inararibonye y'[[imyaka]] myinshi muri aka [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]], '''Cyuzuzo''' avuga ko ubu amaze kwigirira icyizere, ariko ntajya yibagirwa, i[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|nzu]] ya mbere yubakishishe. Kubera imiterere y'aho yari iri ntibyari byoroshye, ati: "Ni ukuvuga ngo iyi [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|nzu]] yarangoye pe! Nageze aho nkajya ndara ntasinziriye."Ariko imaze kurangira niyo [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|nzu]] yatumye nisuzuma, mpinduka undi muntu ndabyumva ko ndi gukura, iyi [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|nzu]] yari ifite ibigeragezo birenze ibya [https://www.linternaute.fr/dictionnaire/fr/definition/etage-1/ etage]<ref>https://www.linternaute.fr/dictionnaire/fr/definition/etage-1/</ref> yubatse ahantu hazima."Nkiyuzuza nahise mvuga nti "ntacyananira."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60329775?at_custom2=facebook_page&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=BBC+News+Gahuza&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_custom4=0985702A-8A45-11EC-9DCD-7F0416F31EAE&at_campaign=64&fbclid=IwAR2V2M5f5Bvy_BZ4OVtA0u8aDEbiiHeuJYbIX65L9QpzTgKc0hmROC-l0jk</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212083323/https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/taking-risks-and-going-something-works-says-engineering-firm-owner</ref> == Guhindura imyumvire == '''Cyuzuzo Enatha''' avuga ko Kompanyi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.afrik-jeunes.net/femmes-leaders-une-rwandaise-ouvre-la-voie-aux-femmes-dans-la-construction/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218014858/https://www.afrik-jeunes.net/femmes-leaders-une-rwandaise-ouvre-la-voie-aux-femmes-dans-la-construction/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ye ipatana kubaka [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|amazu]], ubwe ashushanya imbata z'[[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|inzu]] akaba ari nawe uzubakisha. Gushushanya ni imwe mu mpano yabonye ko afite kuva ari muto. Aq[[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|kazi]] akora kiganjemo abagabo akavuga ko ibi bituma hari ingorane ahura nazo zishingiye ku myumvire ya bamwe muri bo.Ati: "Hari imitekerereze ya bamwe bumva ko [[Umwana|umukobwa]] mutagirana 'deal' y'[[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] gusa. "Ni ukuvuga ngo gukorana n'[[Igitsina cy’umugabo|igitsina]] [[Igitsina cy’umugabo|gabo]] bisaba ngo wisanishe nacyo, ubereke ko nawe uri umugabo, ko ushoboye kandi ubereke ko uri [[Umwana|umukobwa]] uri 'smart' niho abura aho ahera." '''Enatha Cyuzuzo''' afite umusore bakundana kandi ngo bazashinga [[Urugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe mu Ruhango|urugo]] rwabo "vuba", uyu umusore ngo akunda ibyo akora ndetse "ni [[Rimwe|imwe]] mu mpamvu intera ingufu zo gukora".<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60329775?at_custom2=facebook_page&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=BBC+News+Gahuza&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_custom4=0985702A-8A45-11EC-9DCD-7F0416F31EAE&at_campaign=64&fbclid=IwAR2V2M5f5Bvy_BZ4OVtA0u8aDEbiiHeuJYbIX65L9QpzTgKc0hmROC-l0jk</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212083323/https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tdpelmedia.com/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724233509/https://tdpelmedia.com/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/taking-risks-and-going-something-works-says-engineering-firm-owner</ref> == Amashakiro; == samajebs9n28flf757iiqclhelj0ips 0 10471 136762 136750 2026-09-14T12:02:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 136762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''', umuririmbyi w'umunyarwandakazi w’inararibonye waboneye benshi izuba mu bahanzi nyarwanda yagarutse gutura mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] by’iteka nyuma y’[[imyaka]] irenga 40 yari amaze mu mahanga ya kure. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana [yavutse 1943]''' yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1973 ahunze itoteza n’[[Umwicanyi wa ruhongohongo|ubwicanyi]] bwa hato na hato bwakorerwaga [[abatutsi]]. Yabanje kuba muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Iharanira]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Demokarasi]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|ya Congo]] ahava nyuma y[[Imyaka|’imyaka]] 16 yerekeza mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]]. Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanz]]<nowiki/>i n’[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] we bahunze nyuma y’uko se yishwe aroshywe mu [[Isumo rya Rusumo|Rusumo]] mu mwaka wa 1963. Nyina, '''Mukanzigiye Carolina''' na we yazize [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|yakorewe]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Abatutsi]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|mu 1994]] ubwo yari avuye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] kwivuza no gusura [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] we wari warahungiyeyo. yagize Ati “Data bamwishe muri 1963, ari muri baba bandi baroshywe mu [[Isumo rya Rusumo|Rusumo]] hariya i Kibungo ubu ni mu [[akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]], mu 1973<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5527081.html?fbclid=IwAR2daxTVeLaaWmyqO9o_O51vy-B0utdu3Gdo_80Fudj8hsPWFIa3fm6-5dU</ref> nibwo twavuye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] twari [[abana]] icyenda buri wese yagiye ukwe dushaka [[ubuzima]] turakura bigenda uko.” Yongeraho ati “Muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congo]] nahageze mu 1973<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5527081.html?fbclid=IwAR2daxTVeLaaWmyqO9o_O51vy-B0utdu3Gdo_80Fudj8hsPWFIa3fm6-5dU</ref>, nahunganye n’umugabo wanjye, mu [[Urugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe mu Ruhango|urugo]] twari [[abana]] icyenda ariko buri wese yagiye ukwe tujya gushaka ubundi [[Ubuzima|buzima]]Nahunganye n’umugabo twabyaranye [[Umwana|abana]] bane we yaguye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congo]] icyo gihe. Nahabaye [[imyaka]] 16 mpava njya kuba i [https://www.bruxelles.be/ Bruxelles]<ref>https://www.bruxelles.be/</ref> ari naho nari ntuye iyo [[imyaka]] yose.”<ref>https://www.afrocharts.com/artist?id=27d6656a2f</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153303/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mu Rwanda == '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''' w’imyaka 79 avuga ko mu [[Imyaka|myaka]] yamaze [[Iburayi|i Burayi]] atigeze ahakunda kurusha u [[Rwanda]] ari nacyo cyamushyizemo imbaraga arataha ngo asazire mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]] cye cyu [[Rwanda]]. Ni [[Rimwe|umwe]] mu abaririmbyi b’[[Imana|imena]] bashinze [https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153301/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse itorero Isamaza]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153301/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2023-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627015111/https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73791/nyiranyamibwa-ushaka-kugarura-itorero-isamaza-asanga-hagahin-73791.html</ref> ryagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutiza umurindi [https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371 ingabo]<ref>https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371</ref> ku rugamba rwo kubohora u [[Rwanda]]. Icyo gihe yaririmbanaga n’abahanzi bari bakunzwe icyo [[Igiherero|igihe]] barimo bakomeye mu ijyana ya kinyarwanda n’abandi babyinaga cyane.Ntabwo nigeze nkunda u [[Burayi]], nahabeshejwe n’uko nari mfite [[abana]] bagombaga kwiga kandi nkaba hafi yabo nkabitaho. Ntabwo nari gushobora kuguma hariya, mu [[Burayi]] ntabwo ari ahantu ho gusazira.” Yavuze ko nyuma yo kuza gutura mu [[Rwanda]] agiye gukomeza guhanga [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] nshya ndetse ngo nibimushobokera azongera ahuze [[Umugore|abakecuru]] yaririmbanye na bo mu Isamaza bongere bahange.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153303/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Itorero isamaza === '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''' ari mubashinze [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Itorero Isamaza]] ryashingiwe mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] mu [[Imyaka|myaka]] igera kuri 30 ishize, ryatangiye rigizwe n’abiganjemo [[Umugore|abagore]] n’inkumi zabyinaga hagamijwe gushakisha ubufasha bwo gushyigikira [https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371 ingabo]<ref>https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371</ref> zarwanye urugamba rwo kwihobora mu 1990<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990</ref>. [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Isamaze]] rigitangira ryabarizwagamo abahanzi b’abahanga barimo nka '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''', '''Jeanne Karigirwa Ruboneka'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2023-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627015111/https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, '''Anonciata Gatera,''' '''Francoise Ruboneka''', '''Anonciata Kayisire''' n’abandi batandukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153303/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''' [[Rimwe|umwe]] mu bashinze [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Itorero Isamaza]] yavuze ko nyuma yo kugaruka gutura mu [[Rwanda]] ateganya kongera guhuza [[Umugore|abakecuru]] bagenzi be bakiriho bakongera kuririmba nk’itsinda no gukora ibitaramo by’[[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ahanini zibutsa abantu [[Igiherero|ibihe]] iri torero ryagize mu [[Imyaka|myaka]] yashize. Ati “Abo twahoranye mu '''[[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|itorero Isamaza]]''' benshi baracyariho ariko babivuyemo, uwari umuhanga cyane mu bo twaririmbanye yaratabarutse ni '''Jeanne Karigirwa''' abandi barashatse iby’[[UMUZIKI|imiziki]] babivamo Ubwo nanjye ngiye kugerageza ndebe ko twakongera gukora ariko biragoye.”<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153301/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Nyiranyamibwa''' avuga ko hari [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] yahimbye ariko zitarasohoka gusa arateganya kuzazishyira hanze kuri [[:en:Album|album]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Album</ref> nshya azamurika mu [[Igiherero|gihe]] kiri imbere. Mu kwihuza n’abahoze bagize [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Isamaza]] ngo yifuza ko bakora ibitaramo bito no guhanga [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] nshya gusa ngo ni [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] gasaba imbaraga nyinshi. Ati “Abakobwa twaririmbanye hafi ya bose iby’[[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] ntibakibyiyumvamo, bari bafite amajwi meza, ni abahanga gusa ngira ngo murabazi, bamaze gushaka baba bahagaritse [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] abandi barabiretse Nzagerageza gushaka uko nakongera kubabwira duhure twongere dukore ariko birasaba imbaraga.” Iyo umubajije [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|urwibutso]] afite ku [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Itorero Isamaza]] asubiza yitsitsa cyane ku bumwe no kutiganda byarangaga abaririmbyi ndetse no guharanira iterambere rya buri wese byabarangaga.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73791/nyiranyamibwa-ushaka-kugarura-itorero-isamaza-asanga-hagahin-73791.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511153303/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Zimwe muri izo ndirimbo === {| class="wikitable" |+INDIRIMBO !Amateka ya Suzana !https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNPvfs-jpwE |- |Nyumva Mana |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDyU7EVE1nk |- |Sinkabya |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWtrco7aUeA |- |Umuhororo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJzLR2WZPDM |- |Nyambo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrWRpqjaVlk |- |Wibabara |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAV8K81ccHo |- |Nyiringanzo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNPvfs-jpwE |- |RUBANDA |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rojb2MKCsd8 |- |Izo kwibuka |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0DlMKKHPBY |- |Impundu |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uTCCn4zji4 |- |Mbahoze nte |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWsKLftl4KA |- |Ibuka |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZEul1-dZpg |- |Telephone |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prCu9MkxiO4 |- |Uraho |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0IShaoQhU4 |- |Nyemerera |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ty8ljIfBH5M |} == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] 4odrb7y830z2qqjwpu47d25deglpr4u 0 10474 137008 83345 2026-09-14T13:10:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137008 wikitext text/x-wiki == Violette Irakoze == amazina ye nyakuri yitwa Violette Irakoze Neza ni umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] akaba ari umwe mubagore<ref>https://www.zgr.net/en/people/violette-irakoze-biography-fact-career-awards-net-worth-and-life-story</ref> bamamaye kubera siporo y'amagare mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]<ref>https://firstcycling.com/rider.php?r=95948</ref> == Amateka == Violette yamamaye cyane mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2018 ndetse na 2019<ref>https://firstcycling.com/rider.php?r=95948</ref> == Reba == qazncg9x37f367vfdk7zd6ebx5fckd4 0 10485 136897 133778 2026-09-14T13:08:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136897 wikitext text/x-wiki Ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umuhuzabikorwa w'umushinga muri Kigali Collaborative Research Center ('''KCRC'''). Ni inzobere mu itumanaho no gucunga imishinga, afite ubuhanga muri Microsoft Excel, Serivisi zabakiriya, ijambo rya Microsoft, Igenamigambi, hamwe na Microsoft Office<ref name=":0">https://www.kcrc.rw/?page_id=343</ref>.<ref>https://www.zoominfo.com/p/Sonia-Umwari/2382360237</ref> == Amashuri == Sonia Umwali afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri muri Computer Science yavanye muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda, afite uburambe bunini mu micungire y'imishinga, itumanaho, kwamamaza no gutegura ibirori.<ref name=":0" /> == Akazi == Afite uburambe bwimyaka 5 mugushyira mu bikorwa imishinga itandukanye nko muri ICT, Imari, Kongera ubushobozi bw'urubyiruko n'ubuhinzi. Ni umuhuzabikorwa w'umushinga muri Kigali Collaborative Research Center ('''KCRC''')<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] rcew4vaf8p94qtygt0c77exqxkrhibd 0 10498 136930 124399 2026-09-14T13:09:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' umwe mubakinnyi beza usanzwe ari kapiteni w'ikipe ya APR Basketball Club mu cyiciro cy'[[Umugore|abagore]], ndetse akaba arinawe kapiteni w'ikipe y'igihugu ya Basketball y'U [[Rwanda]] . == Umwirondoro == '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' (yavutse ku ya 24 [[Ugushyingo]] 1989) mu [[Umurenge wa Gasaka|Murenge wa Gasaka]], mu [[akarere ka Nyamagabe|Karere ka Nyamagabe]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]], '''Umugwaneza''' ni we wenyine warokotse mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|muryango]] w'[[abana]] bane - [[Umwana|abakobwa]] batatu n'umuhungu [[Rimwe|umwe]]. Ababyeyi be '''Aaron Mazuru''' na '''Susan Mukagahima''' na barumuna be bose bishwe mu gihe cya [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|yakorewe]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Abatutsi]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|mu]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|1994]] yahitanye [[Abaturage Rusange|abantu]] barenga miliyoni, '''Umugwaneza''' yarezwe na nyirasenge.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref> == Amasomo yize == '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' yize mu rwunge rwa mashuri rwa Gasaka mu [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|akarere]] avukamo [[Amashuli mu Rwanda|amashuri]] abanza mbere yo kwinjira muri Groupe Scholaire Notre d'Ame de la Paix Cyanika<ref>https://mopawa.com/groupe-scolaire-notre-dame-de-la-paix-cyanika-gsndp-application-admission-courses-contacts-fees/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.courseseye.com/colleges-and-universities/8641-groupe-scolaire-notre-dame-de-la-paix-cyanika-gsndp.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-12 |archive-date=2025-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813033809/https://www.courseseye.com/colleges-and-universities/8641-groupe-scolaire-notre-dame-de-la-paix-cyanika-gsndp.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> nayo iherereye mu [[akarere ka Nyamagabe|karere ka Nyamagabe]] yiga mu cyiciro rusange (tronc Common O' level) kugira ngo yige bisanzwe. Ku rwego rwa masomo y'isumbuye, yinjiye muri College Saint Emmanuel de Hanika mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]] aho yize ibaruramari arangiza muri 2009. Mu [[umwaka|mwaka]] wa 2010, yinjiye muri [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|ya Lay]] [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|Adventiste]] [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|ya Kigali]] [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|(INILAK)]] akurikirana impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere mu icungamari maze arangiza muri 2014. Nyuma yo kurangiza, '''Umugwaneza''' yakoranye n'amasosiyete menshi arimo [https://www.mtn.co.rw/ MTN Rwanda] nk'umucungamari. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref>Umugwaneza, ufite uburebure bwa 1.95mh n'uburemere bw'ibiro 80, akaba ari umwe mu bakinnyi bakina hagati basketball y'abagore bo mu [[Rwanda]] neza.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' ari mu bihumbi by’[[abana]] basigaye badafite ababyeyi kandi batagira aho baba kubera [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|jenocide]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|yakorewe]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|abatutsi]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|mu 1994]], bivuze ko atigeze agira amahirwe yo kubona urukundo n'ubwuzu bw'ababyeyi be. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'ababyeyi be na barumuna be, Yagize ati:"narenzwe na masenge,'''Immaculee Mukamusonera'''. Mvugishije ukuri ubwana bwanjye cyari igihe kitoroshye. kuba narabuze umuryango wanjye nkiri muto cyane, nahatiwe gufata ibyo nahawe byose kandi ngomba kwiga byinshi nkiri muto", '''Umugwaneza''' yakomeje agira ati: “Umuryango wa masenge ni umuryango wegamiye ku idini nahawe uburere no gusenga nyamara nkiri muto nakundaga gukina umupira ariko masenge abyanga. nabwiye masenge kumugaragaro andeke nkurikire ibyo nkunda kuva nkiri muto, kubw'amahirwe, yanteze amatwi arabyemera. Kuva uwo munsi, natangiye gukina umupira ntatinya ingaruka.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71490/umugwaneza-charlotte-nyuma-yo-kwitabira-imikino-ya-zone-5-ya-71490.html</ref> == Umwuga == === Umupira w'amaboko === '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' ati: "nari umukinnyi w'ingenzi muri College Saint Emmanuel de Hanika. Urebye uburebure bwanjye no gukunda siporo, mwarimu w'imikino yacu yangiriye inama yo kugerageza basketball, anyemeza ko mfite imico yo kuzaba umukinnyi mwiza wa basketball. ni uko nahisemo gukina basketball, Yanyigishije iby'ibanze, uburyo bwo kwiruka n'umupira mpita mbimenya vuba. Nyuma y'ibyumweru bike, niswe izina mu ikipe y'[[ishuri]]." Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2009, yatoranijwe kuba mu ikipe ya Basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]] ya [[akarere ka Nyanza|karere ka Nyanza]] yitabiriye “Imiyoborere Cup Cup” - iyi kipe yageze ku mukino wa nyuma w'[[igihugu]] ariko itsindwa na [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]]. Muri iryo rushanwa niho '''Charles Mushumba''', umutoza mukuru wa [[IPRC Huye|IPRC-Amajyepfo]], icyo gihe akaba yaratozaga ikipe y’[[Umugore|abagore]] yahoze ari [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|nkuru y’u]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Rwanda]] [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|(NUR),]] yaramubonye maze amwemeza ko yinjira mu ikipe ye, ari yo yarushanwaga mu [[Umugore|bagore]] b’[[igihugu]]. Yaje kandi kuganira na nyirasenge maze atangira kuva i [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]] kugera [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] buri munsi kugira ngo yitoze, amezi atatu.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202103310232.html</ref><ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2019/qualifiers/player/Charlotte-Umugwaneza#tab=stats,career_stats</ref><ref>https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Charlotte-Umugwaneza/Rwanda/APR-BBC-Kigali/281280?Women=1</ref> === Kubaka umwuga === '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' ubwo yitabiraga irishanwa rya Zone V yabereye i Kampala yashimishije umutoza mukuru wa APR, '''Charles Mbazumutima'''.Inyungu za APR zahuriranye n’uko '''Umugwaneza''' yimukiye i [[Kigali]] aho yagombaga gutangira [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] ya [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|kaminuza]] muri [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|INILAK]], bityo akajya mu ikipe ya gisirikare mu 2010. Ati: Byari bigoye kubona umwanya wo gukina muri APR icyo gihe kuko bari bafite abakinnyi benshi beza kandi b'inararibonye b'abanyamahanga kandi numvaga shaka gukina cyane, ariko umutoza yakomeje kuntera inkunga kandi namaze hafi [[umwaka]] ntinjiye mu ikipe yambere. ikipe kugeza 2011 ubwo club yatangiraga gukoresha abakinnyi ba banyarwanda. iyi ikipe nayibereye kapiteni, nyobora iyi kipe mu ibikombe bitandatu bya shampiyona isanzwe, ibikombe bitandatu bya playoff, bituma iba ikipe yatsinze cyane, yagizwe umukinnyi mwiza wo hagati w[[umwaka]]. '''Umugwaneza''' Hamwe na APR, '''Umugwaneza''' yanitabiriye amarushanwa ya [[Afurika|Afrika]] Zone V Club buri [[Umwaka|mwaka]], abura gusa 2016.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71490/umugwaneza-charlotte-nyuma-yo-kwitabira-imikino-ya-zone-5-ya-71490.html</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202103310232.html</ref><ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2019/qualifiers/player/Charlotte-Umugwaneza#tab=stats,career_stats</ref><ref>https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Charlotte-Umugwaneza/Rwanda/APR-BBC-Kigali/281280?Women=1</ref> === Ibyo ashaka kugeraho === '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' Agira ati: Nizera ko basketball yampinduye uwo ndiwe uyu munsi kandi sinkeka ko nzareka gukina vuba, kandi ko igihe nzajya mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, nizera ko nzakomeza umwuga wo gutoza cyangwa umusifuzi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71490/umugwaneza-charlotte-nyuma-yo-kwitabira-imikino-ya-zone-5-ya-71490.html</ref> === Abo ashimira === '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' Mbere na mbere, ndashimira [[Imana]] kuba ndi muzima kandi ikampa impano-Ndashimira kandi masenge n'umuryango we, kuba barujuje icyuho cy'ababyeyi banjye mu buzima bwanjye, umutoza '''Musumba''', wambonye bwa mbere kandi ndashimira abo dukorana muri APR, akaba ari umuryango wanjye wa [[kabiri]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71490/umugwaneza-charlotte-nyuma-yo-kwitabira-imikino-ya-zone-5-ya-71490.html</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:APR BBC]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamwuga]] [[Ikiciro:Umukobwa]] fxzj7mj5twbq5mgkk2sbe44ougadn34 0 10523 137143 136413 2026-09-15T07:13:26Z KiranBOT 15993 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v3.1.1-current 137143 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kigali Memorial Center Sign - Genocide Memorial Center - Kigali - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Urugeni ]] '''Urugeni Martine''' ni Umuyobozi w’[[Umujyi wa Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigal]]<nowiki/>i wungirije ushinzwe Ubukungu n’imibereho myiza .<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=5466</ref> Urugeni Martine afite uburambe busabwa cyangwa bujyenewe ashingiye ku mirimo yakoze ijyanye n'imibereho myiza ya baturage binyuze mu gutanga ubutabera .<ref name=":0" /> == Imirimo yakoze == '''Urujeni Martine''' ni [[umugore]] w'umunyarwandakazi w’[[imyaka]] 50. '''Urujeni Mertine''' yatorerwa kuba Umuyobozi wungirije w’[[Umujyi wa Kigali]],<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/kigali-urujeni-martine-yatorewe-kuba-umuyobozi-wungirije-ushinzwe-ubukungu-n</ref> ushinzwe Ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’[[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]], akaba yaratorewe mu matora yabaye kuru uyu wa Gatanu tariki 25 Werurwe 2022,<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-city-vice-mayor-prioritise-welfare-improvement</ref> Urujeni akaba yagize amajwi 298 kuri 397 y’Inteko itora.<ref name=":0">https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/urujeni-martine-elected-vice-mayor-city-of-kigali/</ref> ntabwo ari mushya mu ubuyobozi kuko amaze igihe ayobora Ishami rishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/article/urujeni-martine-abaye-umuyobozi-w-umujyi-wa-kigali-wungirije-ushinzwe-ubukungu-n-imibereho-myiza</ref>Yabaye kandi Umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda yo kwegereza ubutabera [[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] (Coordinator of Maison d’Access à la Justice, MAJ),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/06/amavugurura-yikoranabuhanga-rikoreshwa-muri-cyamunara-azarandura-uburiganya-bwabagamo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513090235/https://umuseke.rw/2021/06/amavugurura-yikoranabuhanga-rikoreshwa-muri-cyamunara-azarandura-uburiganya-bwabagamo/amp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> anaba umuyobozi wungirije muri MAJ ushinzwe uburenganzira bw’[[abana]]<ref>https://flash.rw/2019/04/04/icyo-tuzasaba-rib-ni-ugukurikiza-amategeko-ntibahutireho-ngo-bamushyire-muri-kasho-urujeni-martine/</ref> no kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-wabonye-umuyobozi-wungirije-mushya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327142711/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-wabonye-umuyobozi-wungirije-mushya |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-city-vice-mayor-prioritise-welfare-improvement</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] jucnbn80kose8oy5tl9npejym42i6xh 0 10552 136971 133281 2026-09-14T13:10:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukakayange Angèle''' yari umunyapolitiki [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]]. Niwe mugore wa mbere watorewe kuba umudepite mu Nteko Nshingamategeko y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/1965_Rwandan_general_election</ref> <ref name="BauerDawuni2015">https://books.google.com/books?id=-6_hCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT203</ref>Angèle Mukakayange yatorewe kuba Depite wa MDR-Parmehutu uhagarariye [[Butare]] mu matora rusange y'abadepite mu [[Rwanda]] 1965 . Nyuma yatakaje umwanya mu matora yo mu 1969 .<ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/Ang%C3%A8le_Mukakayange</ref> <ref name="Mairieu1972">https://books.google.com/books?id=FpAMAQAAIAAJ</ref> == Ibyo yakoze == Mukakayange Angèle yari muri Repubulika ya mbere ari umunyarwandakazi wayoboye ibigo by’amashuri yisumbuye, Aha ninaho Repubulika ya mbere bazanze Depitekazi Mukakayange Angela yaba umudepite aho yakomokaga i [[Butare]]. Ninaho aha rero ngo  haje gususzumwa basanga abagore bakwiye kuzamurwa mu ntera hashyirwaho n’undi aba Minisitiri icyo gihe ngo hari taliki 06 Mutarama 1964.<ref>http://ingenzinyayo.com/2016/11/06/umunyarwandakazi-ntiyigeze-ahezwa-muri-politiki/</ref> == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] i2w3lan3rnoie5d2tesuz77p16cwid0 0 10568 136765 119142 2026-09-14T13:04:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136765 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima == '''Gahonzire Mary''' yavukiye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]], 1962. Yakuriye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]].Mu 1987, Gahonzire amaze kurangiza [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]], yasabye kwinjira mu gipolisi muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] ayishyamo. Yabaye kandi Komiseri Mukuru mu gipolisi cy'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/87721</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == '''Gahongayire Mary''' yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w'apolisi y'[[igihugu]] mbere yuko agirwa komiseri mukuru w'ungirije b'urwego rushinzwe amagereza mu [[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mary-gahonzire-mu-bapolisi-308-basezerewe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514075008/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mary-gahonzire-mu-bapolisi-308-basezerewe |url-status=dead }}</ref> ubu yahagaritse imirimo akaba Yagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru.<ref>https://www.bwiza.com/?Gen-Rwarakabije-na-Mary-Gahonzire-ntibakiri-abayobozi-ba-RCS</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/2638 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329202447/http://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/2638 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Gen-Rwarakabije-na-Mary-Gahonzire-basimbujwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-RCS</ref><ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/gen-rwarakabije-na-com-mary-gahonzire-bavanywe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-rcs.hmtl</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umupolisi]] k1ufwu1eglcgxalu8ka4aj4a9ii85k3 0 10578 137009 108311 2026-09-14T13:10:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137009 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baguma Rose''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari [[umugore]] w'ubatse urugo, Akaba ari impirimbanyi ya polikite mu burezi . Baguma rose wakoze muri [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|minisiteri y'uburezi]] ubwo yari Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe Politiki n’Igenamigambi <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/icyo-mineduc-ivuga-kuri-ruswa-yagaragajwe-mu-nzego-z-uburezi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514105726/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/icyo-mineduc-ivuga-kuri-ruswa-yagaragajwe-mu-nzego-z-uburezi |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/seven-key-areas-revamped-education-policy-will-focus</ref>, ubu akaba akora mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa kigali]] aho ari umunyamabanga mu nkuru w'inama y'ubutegetsi y'[[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigali]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=147 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517171115/https://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=147 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:My city kigali.jpg|center|thumb|Umujyi wa Kigali]] == Ibyo yakoze == Baguma Rose ni umwe m'ubagize urwego rw'uburezi mu Rwanda, aho guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho ingamba zitandukanye, harimo wenda no kuvugurura amwe mu mategeko, bikorwa hagamijwe gukuraho inzitizi zihari zagiye zituma abantu batagira amahirwe angana mu bijyanye n’uburezi, harimo wenda izishingiye ku gitsina, ku bumuga, agace umuntu aturukamo n’ibindi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/uburezi-bw-u-rwanda-bwafashije-cyane-mu-kugera-ku-ihame-ry-uburinganire</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/ibyemezo-byinama-yabaminisitiri-idasanzwe-yateranye-ku-wa-mbere-tariki-ya-19-ugushyingo-2018/</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyapolitike]] 5viohb5x2ui367l0z4x7jtlaypg5l1y 0 10602 136857 128785 2026-09-14T13:07:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136857 wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyarwandakazi '''Murekatete Bella''' wakoze amateka akomeye mu mukino wa Basketball y'abagore. {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q115726147}} == Ubuzima == '''Murekatete Bella''' avuka mu [[Akarere ka Huye|aKarere ka Huye]] ho mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y’amajyepfo]] yakiniye ikipe y’[[igihugu]] y’abangavu  baterengeje imyaka 16<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rwatsinzwe-na-kenya-rubura-itike-ya-afrobasket-2021-mu-bagore-amafoto</ref> ibyo byamuhesheje amahirwe yo guhita abona ikipe muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze]] [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Ubumwe]] [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|z’Amerika]].<ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-murekatete-bella-yakoze-amateka-mu-mukino-wa-basketball/</ref> == Basketball == '''Murekatete Bella'''  ubusanzwe ni umukinnyi w’ikipe y[[Igihugu|’igihugu]] ya Basketball y’[[Umugore|abagore]]<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rwatsinzwe-na-kenya-rubura-itike-ya-afrobasket-2021-mu-bagore-amafoto</ref>  kuri ubu yamaze gusinyira ikipe ya [https://wustl.edu/ Washington University], isanzwe ikina muri [https://www.wnba.com/ Women NBA] , aya ni aba amahirwe kuri we atarigeze akorwa n’undi munyarwandakazi  uwo ariwe wese ukina uyu mukino.<ref>https://wustl.edu/</ref> Murekatete Bella ni we munyarwanda wa mbere ugiye gukina [https://www.wnba.com/ Women NBA].<ref>https://www.wnba.com/</ref> Yasinyishijwe niyi kipe y’i [https://wustl.edu/ Washington]  amasezerano y’imyaka  4 akinira iyi kipe iri muzikomeye mu mukino w’intoki  wa basketball  muri [https://www.wnba.com/ Women NBA] hariya muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze]] [[Amerika|Ubumwe z]]’[[Amerika]],<ref>https://www.wnba.com/</ref> Bella azakinira iyi kipe ya [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] akazaba yiga no muri iyi [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]].<ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-murekatete-bella-yakoze-amateka-mu-mukino-wa-basketball/</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rwatsinzwe-na-kenya-rubura-itike-ya-afrobasket-2021-mu-bagore-amafoto</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umusiporitifu]] 34cchbdv2rj92mrmg1vlh01ohwimpnm 0 10612 137077 128791 2026-09-14T13:16:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137077 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Butera Hope''' ni umunyarwandakazi w' umukinnyi wa Basketball mu [[Umugore|bagore]], aho ukomoka muri [[Amerika]] akaba akina umukino ukina mu b'imbere.<ref>https://www.fivb.org/en/FIVB/Federation.asp?NF=RWA</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/basketball-five-rwandan-players-watch-afrobasket-qualifiers</ref> Ni umwe mu bagaragaye mu m'akipe y'[[igihugu]] y'abato bu Rwanda. {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q119540369}} == Muri BasketBall == Butera Hope muri 2016 aho yari mu ikipe ya Basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]] bafite munsi ya 18 y'u [[Rwanda]] yarangije ku mwanya wa kane muri Shampiyona y'[[Umugore|abagore]] ya FIBA munsi y'abafite imyaka 18 .<ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/</ref> Kugeza ubu, afite [[imyaka]] 22, aho umukino wa basketball muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] mpuzamahanga ya Florida. akina hagati mu kibuga. afite uburebure bwa metero 1.9, arashobora gutanga byinshi mu kibuga hagati kimwe no kubona amanota .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/basketball-five-rwandan-players-watch-afrobasket-qualifiers</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rutsinze-kenya-mu-mukino-wa-mbere-wo-gushaka-itike-ya-afrobasket-amafoto</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88905/anoca-zone-v-2019-muri-basketball-33-beach-volleyball-na-taekwondo-u-rwanda-rwatwayemo-imi-88905.html</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rwatsinzwe-na-kenya-rubura-itike-ya-afrobasket-2021-mu-bagore-amafoto</ref><ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-murekatete-bella-yakoze-amateka-mu-mukino-wa-basketball/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rutsinze-kenya-mu-mukino-wa-mbere-wo-gushaka-itike-ya-afrobasket-amafoto</ref> == Muri kaminuza == Butera Hope kandi yinjiye muri Vandals nyuma y'ibihe bibiri muri kaminuza mpuzamahanga ya Florida yinjiyemo, nyuma y'imyaka ibiri hamwe na Tech yepfo ya Tech. Butera Hope Yarangije amashuri yisumbuye nyuma yi gihembwe cya kabiri muri FIU. Muri sezo ebyiri, Butera yagaragaye mumikino igera kuri 62, atsindira amanota 182, atwara repounds zigera kuri 278 reba. Butera Hope muri shampiyona ye ya nyuma muri FIU, Butera yarife imbaraga zo kwirwanaho, ayoboye Panthers yagaruye imyanya 181 muri shampiyona. Yakinnye muri buri mukino kuri Panthers mugihe atangiye 19, ugereranije ni iminota 19.8 ku mukino .<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/8064/sports/basketball/basketball-hope-butera-joins-idaho-vandals</ref> == Muri FIU == Mbere ya FIU, yamaze imyaka igera kuri ibibiri muri South Georgia Tech kurwego rwa JUCO. Muri South Georgia Tech, Butera yagaragaye mu mikino 57 aza gutangira akina mu mikino igera kuri itandatu. Yagize Imbaraga zatumye aza imbere yegeraho imbere reboundi zigera kuri 277, afite asisiti zigera 21, akora bloke 25, n'amanota 259 mu gihe cya Lady Jet.<ref name=":0" /> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umukobwa]] [[Ikiciro:Umusiporitifu]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] sopiu0g5mn1y1e3ju7cyfv9mbdri7if 0 10634 137010 112614 2026-09-14T13:10:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137010 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Potok pod jezerom 1.jpg|thumb|Umugezi koko|281x281px]] '''Umugezi wa Koko''' ni uruzi mu [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Karere ka Rutsiro]] gaherereye mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]] utemba ugana mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] Ni umwe mu nzuzi nini zitwara imisozi y'i[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]], uwundi ni [[umugezi wa Sebeya]] Mu gihe cyabakoloni uruzi rwasobanuye imbibi za perefegitura ya Kibuye na Gisenyi.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_River_(Rutsiro_District)</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_River_(Rutsiro_District)#CITEREFRutsiro_Administrative_Map</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] 7kviu73rvnew1j1icj3ic04iwlj5ih7 0 10643 136898 113328 2026-09-14T13:08:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136898 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:First Hill.jpg|thumb|umusozi wa karongi]] '''Umusozi wa karongi''' ufite m 2584. Ubarizwa mu [[akarere ka Karongi]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'uburengerazuza]] bw'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://peakvisor.com/adm/karongi.html</ref><ref>https://peakvisor.com/peak/karongi.html</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umusozi]] 35dqk92y96c95pt26nca06gzqnfiyw6 0 10770 136858 124239 2026-09-14T13:07:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136858 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pepeople grazing cows in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|grazing cows ]] '''Ubworozi bw’inka''' niyo soko y’imibereho ku baturage benshi mu [[Rwanda]], hari iMirenge usanga ufite inka nyinshi , n'inzuri igihumbi.Zirimo inyarwanda zitavangiye ziteze nk’inyambo, iz’inzugu ndetse n’izifite amaraso avanze. == Ibintu bituma umukamo w'iyongera == === Ubwoko bw'inka. === Ubwoko bw’inka bugira uruhare runini mu kwiyongera kw’umukamo wayo. === Imiterere ya buri bwoko bw'inka === Buri nka igira imiterere yihariye n’ ubushobozi bwo kuba yakongera umukamo kimwe n’intungamubiri ziri mu mata.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukerarugendo/ubworozi-bwinka-i-murundi-mu-murenge-ufite-inzuri-1500/</ref> === Umubare w'imbyaro === Iyo inka ibyaye bwa mbere igenda yongera umukamo kugeza nko ku nshuro ya kane, arinaho umukamo utangira kugenda ugabanuka kugeza ku nshuro ya karindwi aho umworozi aba agomba kuyivana mu bworozi. icyo gihe iba igejeje nibura imyaka icumi. === Imirire y'inka ikamwa === [[Dosiye:Two cows grazing in the Czech Republic.jpg|thumb|Inka ziri kurisha ubwatsi butoshye.]] Imirire y’inka igira uruhare rukomeye mu kuba umubiri ugira ubushobozi bwinshi cyangwa bucye mu gukora amata. Inka igomba kugaburirwa indyo yuzuye kugirango ibone ibitunga umubiri n’ibyo ikoresha amata.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukerarugendo/ubworozi-bwinka-i-murundi-mu-murenge-ufite-inzuri-1500/</ref> === Ikirere === Mu gihe cy’ ubushyuhe burengeje (200C -300C) ku nka zitanga umukamo habaho kugabanuka kw’umukamo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://spiu-ifad.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/knowledge/IMYOROROKERE__y_Inka.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-18 |archive-date=2022-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619131110/http://spiu-ifad.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/knowledge/IMYOROROKERE__y_Inka.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Inka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] b8151eyd66s0zhijdhbs4sebubnpol8 0 11902 136931 136048 2026-09-14T13:09:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136931 wikitext text/x-wiki UBUHINZI BW'URUTOKI[[Dosiye:Banana_farming,_Waugh_Pocket,_2018.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw’urutoki]] [[Dosiye:Urutoki.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green bananas.jpg|thumb|Igitoki keze]] [[Dosiye:Backyard Banana planting among the Luhya tribe of Kenya.jpg|thumb|Urutoki]] [[Dosiye:A banana sprout.jpg|thumb|A banana sprout]] [[Dosiye:Peeled Green bananas.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Banana.plant.kewgardens.arp.jpg|thumb|Banana.plant]] [[Dosiye:Boiled bananas garnished with spring onions served for breakfast.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Sunny afternoon in Bbamba Wakiso district,Uganda.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green plants in Africa (Banana & more).jpg|thumb|Urutoki]] [[Dosiye:Nimbus clouds over banana plants and green scenery in Western Uganda 02.jpg|thumb|Urutoki]] [[Dosiye:Banana tree with green bananas.jpg|thumb|Banana tree with green bananas]] [[Dosiye:Green bananas on tree.jpg|thumb|Green bananas tree]] Ubuhinzi bw’urutoki bumwinjiriza asaga igice kirenga cya miliyoni mu kwezi. Dufite ibitoki biribwa, ibyengwamo imitobe n'inzoga, ibyikuzwa n'imishabi. Amoko y'insina zihingwa arimo aya gakondo atanga umusaruro muke, n'amoko ya kijyambere atanga umusaruro mwiza kandi akihanganira indwara n'ibyonnyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.jobcenter.rw/amakuru/babikora-bate/article/huye-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki-bumwinjiriza-asaga-igice-cya-miliyoni-mu-kwezi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527142915/http://jobcenter.rw/amakuru/babikora-bate/article/huye-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki-bumwinjiriza-asaga-igice-cya-miliyoni-mu-kwezi |archive-date=2019-05-27 |access-date=2022-05-20}}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Yatejwe-imbere-n-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki</ref><ref>http://197.243.22.137/nozubu/fileadmin/user_upload/TUBURA/urutoki_-_production.pdf</ref> 1. '''Amoko y'insina za kijyambere''' '''2.  Amoko ya gakondo''' === Gutegura umurima w'ibitoki === * Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurwanya isuri * Kurima bwa mbere bakuramo ibyatsi bibi; * Guhinga bwa kabiri baringaniza ubutaka ngo bwakire imibyare. * '''Gutegura umwobo wo guteramo''': Umwobo wo guteramo wagombye kugira nibura m 0.6 z'ubujyakuzimu na  m 0.9 z'umurambararo. Ubutaka bwiza bwo hejuru busubizwa mu mwobo bukavangwa n'ifumbire y'imborera.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwurutoki.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172325/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwurutoki.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Gutera ibiti.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi bw'urutoki]] === Guhitamo imibyare : === === Gutegura umwobo wo guteramo nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru === * '''Guhitamo imibyare''': imibyare myiza ni ifite uburebure kuva kuri m 1.8 kugeza kuri m 2.1 kandi inanutse, amababi asongoye nk'inkota, n'ubwo imibyare mito cyane ari yo yakabaye myiza niba nyina ifite ubuzima bwiza. * Igihe umubyare ugifashe kuri nyina, bawukuraho bakase n'imbaraga  bajyana hasi bakoresheje igitiyo gisukuye. Barandurana n'igice gihagije cy'ubutaka bwo munsi n'imizi ifashe ku mubyare. * Inguri idafite imibyare igaragara bashobora kuyikatamo uduce. Buri gace gafite umumero karashyira kakavamo umubyare ariko ibi bitwara igihe kinini, icyiza ni ugukoresha umubyare. * Gukata ibice by'umubyare byapfuye, ibyariwe n'udukoko, ibyaboze n'ibyahinduye ibara Niba umubyare warononekaye hafi ya wose, ushyirwa kure y'indi hanyuma bagashaka ibindi bikoresho by'ubuhinzi.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Wetlands in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Gusukura Insina]] === Gusukura insina yo gutera no kuyitera: === * Gushyushya amazi akagera kuri dogere 50oC * Nyuma y'ibyo, kuzimya umuriro no gushyira inguri muri ya mazi mu gihe cy'iminota  20 Kuzuza ubutaka bwiza mu mwobo. Gusiga umwanya wa sentimetero nkeya hejuru kugira ngo amazi yinjiremo. * Ubusharire bwiza mu butaka bwakira insina ni uburi hagati ya  5.5 na 7.  Ubusharire bugeze kuri 7.5 cyangwa hejuru yaho bishobora kwangiza insina. * Gushyira umubyare mu butaka bushya uhagaze.  Wagombye guterwa rwagati mu mwobo mu burebure bwa sentimetero 20. * [[Dosiye:Banana Tree from Kerala 5002.JPG|thumb|Insina]]Ubundi, bakata insina hagasigara uburebure bwa sentimetero 20.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Yatejwe-imbere-n-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki</ref> === Kwita ku gihingwa cy'ibitoki === === Kubagara: === Gukuramo ibimera cyangwa ibindi byatsi bibi byimejeje mu murima, kureba neza niba ifumbire  yakoreshejwe ku gihingwa yaragize umumaro , kurwanya ibisambo n'indwara. * Gusasira (kongeraho ubutaka) nabyo birinda umurima kurumba n`uburwayi.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/gisagara-rwagasana-yinjiza-ibihumbi-300-buri-kwezi-abikesha-urutoki</ref> [[Dosiye:Climate in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Imirima]] === Kwicira: === Gukuraho amakoma yapfuye n'insina zapfuye,  kubicamo uduce bigakikizwa ku bihingwa bizima. Ibindi bisigazwa byo mu murima n'ivu ry`ibiti nabyo bishobora kongerwaho bikongerera ubutaka uburumbuke. * Mu gihe insina imaze gukura ikaba ifite imibyare myinshi, yikureho yose usigaze   umwe kugira ngo umusaruro utubuke n'ubuzima bw'insina bube bwiza. * Gukata byose hagasigara umubyare uringaniye  n'ubutaka no  gutwikira ubutaka ku mubyare. Gusubiramo icyo gikorwa ukata cyane mu bujyakuzimu mu gihe byongeye kumera. * Umubyare urokotse ni wo usimbura nyina iyo umaze gutanga umusaruro w'igitoki. * Hari ubwo habaho irengayobora insina zifite ubuzima bwiza zikagira abana babiri'''.'''<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/uko-mukanka-yaretse-ubwarimu-agahinga-urutoki-asaruramo-toni-enye-mu-kwezi/</ref> === Gufumbira urutoki === Gukoresha inyongeramusaruro, ikimoteri, imborera cyangwa imvange yibi byose. Kongeramo inyongeramusaruro ako kanya nyuma yo gutera ku muzenguruko umwe w` igihingwa cy'insina icyo gikorwa kigasubirwamo buri kwezi. * Ubusanzwe  ifumbire mvaruganda igaragazwa n'ikimenyetso cy'inyuguti 3 (N-P-K) cyerekana ingano y'imyunyungugu ya Azote, Potasiyumu na Fosifore irimo. Insina zisaba urugero ruri hejuru rwa Potasiyumu ariko indi myunyu na yo ifite akamaro. Ushobora gukoresha ifumbire ifite imyunyu igereranyije ( uko ari itatu ku rugero rwenda kungana) cyangwa ugakoresha ifumbire iziba icyuho kiri mu butaka bwawe. * Nta gukoresha ifumbire yakozwe mu byumweru bike bishize kuko ubushyuhe buturuka ku kubora bushobora kwangiza insina. * Mu gihe udafire imborera wakoresha amakoma y'insina cyangwa ibindi byatsi bishobora kubora vuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kirehe-bamenye-uburyo-bwiza-bwo-guhinga-urutoki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172325/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kirehe-bamenye-uburyo-bwiza-bwo-guhinga-urutoki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Kuhira.jpg|thumb|KUHIRA]] ==== Kuhira: ==== * Kuhira kenshi ariko ukirinda gukabya * Kubura amazi ni impamvu rusange ituma insina zipfa ariko gukabya kuvomerera bishobora gutera kubora kw'imizi. * Iyo insina zitewe mu gihe nta mvura igwa, ushobora kovomerera buri munsi ariko mu gihe igice cy`ubutaka cyo hejuru kingana na cm 1.5 – 3 cyumagaye. * Gabanya urugero rw'amazi wakoreshaga uko uvomereye mu gihe igihingwa kimaze igihe kinini mu mazi ( ibyo bishobora gutuma imizi ibora). * Mu gihe kiza, mu gihe insina ari bwo zikimera, ushobora gukenera kuvomerera rimwe mu cyumweru cyangwa mu byumweru bibiri. Ibuka gucunga ko ubutaka butota. [[Dosiye:Bananavarieties.jpg|thumb|Bamako y'ibitoki]] Amakoma afasha kurwanya gutota bikabije ni yo mpamvu ugomba kwitonda ntutose igihingwa kikiri gito kitarazana amakoma.<ref name=":1">https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/ibanga-ryo-gufata-neza-urutoki-no-kweza-binini</ref> ==== Gusasira: ==== Gusasira ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byumutse mu gutwikira ubutaka. Bifasha kugumisha  ububobere mu butaka, bikagabanya isuri y'ubutaka, bigakuraho kumera kw'ibyatsi bibi bikanazanira ubutaka ifumbire igihe bimaze kubora.<ref name=":1" /> === Ibyiza byo gusasira ni ibihe? === * Gusasira bituma ubutaka bwo munsi bumara igihe kinini buhehereye kuruta iyo ubutaka budatwikiriye. * Bifasha guhangana n'isuri bigabanya ubukana bw'ibitonyanga by'imvura bikanatuma amazi atemba agenda gahoro. * Bikuraho kumera kw'ibyatsi bibi bibyumisha * [[Dosiye:Banana single rows.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'urutoki]]Bituma igihingwa gikura neza<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/07/15/rutsiro-bitwikiriye-ijoro-batema-urutoki-rwumuturage/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226173829/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/07/15/rutsiro-bitwikiriye-ijoro-batema-urutoki-rwumuturage/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibibi byo gusasira? === === Bisaba umukozi uhoraho ukora ako kazi === ** Bishobora kuzanira ubutaka ibyomyi n'indwara ** Ibikoresho byo gusasira bishobora kubura bityo bigatuma ubutaka bwuma. === '''Uko bikorwa''': === * Kujyana mu murima ibikoresho ushaka gukoresha nk'isaso * Kubisanza ku butaka ukoresheje intoki cyangwa igikoresho cyo mu buhinzi gifite amenyo menshi magufi bita rato (rateau). Gushyiraho isaso ireshya na cm 7-15 uvuye ku butaka cyangwa izengurutse insina. * Nta gushyiraho isaso nyinshi irenga ku nsina cyangwa ituma zitagaragara neza. * Gukoresha ibishishwa byumye bitabora vuba * [[Dosiye:A ripe plantain.jpg|thumb|imizuzu]]Kudakoresha isaso y'ibishishwa bitose cyangwa bikiri icyatsi kibisi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/gicumbi-ubwoba-ni-bwose-ku-muturage-watemaguriwe-urutoki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2021-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020224358/https://www.intyoza.com/gicumbi-ubwoba-ni-bwose-ku-muturage-watemaguriwe-urutoki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umwezi.rw/?p=5305</ref> === Gukuraho umwanana: === === Bikorwa ryari === === Igihe amabere y'igitoki yamaze kuza hanze yose, bakuraho umwanana. === ==== Kubera iki ==== * Gukuraho umwanana birinda insina indwara ya kirabiranya y'urutoki (BXW) * Igitoki gikura neza iyo umwanana wakuweho.<ref>http://radiotv10.rw/bugesera-umuhinzi-yeza-urutoki-ariko-umusaruro-we-akanga-kuwugurisha-ukaborera-mu-murima/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172326/https://ibicu.com/rutsiro-abagizi-ba-nabi-bitwikiriye-ijoro-batema-urutoki-rwumuturage/</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Urutoki]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] cjt1diuc4dofue50d0nzpldxcwmykl4 0 12595 137078 109899 2026-09-14T13:16:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137078 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jikmir Footbal Team.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru ya Kiyovu]] '''Kiyovu Sports Association''', rizwi cyane ku izina rya '''SC Kiyovu Sports''', '''Kiyovu Sports''' cyangwa '''Kiyovu''', ni ikipe [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru]] iherereye i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . Kuri ubu iyi kipe irushanwa mu gikombe [[Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda|cy’umupira wamaguru mu Rwanda]], ikina imikino yayo murugo kuri Stade Mumena cyangwa [[Stade Amahoro|kuri Sitade Amahoro]] . Ikipe yabigenewe muri iki gihe irushanwa mu cyiciro cya mbere cyu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://progressrwanda.rw/2014/03/tricky-test-for-police-against-sc-kiyovu/ |title=Tricky test for Police against SC Kiyovu |access-date=2022-05-24 |archive-date=2014-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512214924/http://progressrwanda.rw/2014/03/tricky-test-for-police-against-sc-kiyovu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iyi kipe yatwaye ibikombe birindwi bya shampiyona, ibikombe bitatu by'amahoro. Kiyovu Sport Club niyo kipe yambere yumupira wamaguru yu [[Rwanda]] yinjiye muri Shampiyona yumupira wamaguru, hagati ya 1948 na 1957. Batangiriye mu cyiciro cya mbere bamanurwa rimwe gusa, muri 2017. == Ibikombe bya champiyona 7 == * [[Dosiye:Pallo valmiina.jpg|thumb]]1968: kiyovu siporo (kigali) * 1970: kiyovu siporo (Kigali) * 1983: kiyovu siporo (Kigali) * 1989: kiyovu siporo (Kigali) * 1990: kiyovu siporo (Kigali) * 1992: kiyovu siporo (Kigali) * 1993: kiyovu siporo (Kigali) == Igikombe cy’amahoro 3 == * [[Dosiye:Football Pallo valmiina-cropped.jpg|thumb]]1977: kiyovu siporo * 1984: kiyovu siporo(Kiyovu 3-0 Eclair) * 1985: kiyovu siporo (Kiyovu 2-1 Etincelle) == Igikombe kiruta ibindi 2 == * 1987: kiyovu siporo (kiyovu sport fc 2-0 panthére fc ) * 1992: Imikino ya Kiyovu (Kiyovu Sport FC 2-1 [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sport FC]]) == Umukino wanyuma wigikombe cyamahoro == * 1995: Kiyovu Sport vs [[APR FC]] (APR FC) * 1996: Kiyovu Sport vs [[APR FC]] (APR FC) * 1997: Kiyovu Sport vs RWANDA FC (RWANDA FC) * 2019: Kiyovu Sport vs [[AS Kigali]] == Ikipe y'ubu (2021-22) == == Current technical staff == == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] fghx1og57etg1k0em6u1xsm40oa9nb6 0 12642 136859 134948 2026-09-14T13:07:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136859 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amayugi == [[Dosiye:Amayugi.jpg|thumb|Amayugi]] Amayugi ni igikoresho ababyinnyi nya[[rwanda]] bambara ku maguru iyo bari kubyina ibyino nya[[rwanda]]. == Imitere yamayugi == [[Dosiye:Intore dancer during the graduation festivities at Kicukiro stadium in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Amayugi]] [[Dosiye:Amayugi1.jpg|thumb|Amayugi]] amayugi agize nuduce twishi twibyuma tuvuga nkinzongera,byumwihariko amayugi ashobora gusobanurwa nka verisiyo ntoya yi nzogera imwe.mugihe amayugi yo agizwe nurukurikirane rwinzogera zifatanije<ref>http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/burundi/amayugi.html</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 66ju0l389x8wtw2jvhbe1083x3jpcmz 0 12659 136899 136074 2026-09-14T13:08:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136899 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Agacuma.jpg|thumb|agacuma]] [[Dosiye:Rwandan old Man playing Igisoro sharing drinks in traditional tool called AGACUMA.jpg|thumb|abanywera inzoga mu Gacuma]] [[Dosiye:Agacuma12.jpg|thumb|Agacuma]] == Agacuma == Agacuma ni bimwe mu bikoresho by'ifashishwaga ahambere nanubu bigikoreshwa banyweramo umutobe cyangwa inzoga yo m'ubwoko bw'ibitoki cyane cyane mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0" /> == Inkomoko yagacuma == Agacuma ni ibihingwa batera byakwera bagakuramo imbuto bakagasiga irange cyangwa se bakagataka ubundi bagatangira kukanyweramo inzoga n'umutobe.<ref name=":0">https://web.facebook.com/100148978268460/posts/igisabo-and-agacumathese-are-rwandan-gourds-used-to-store-alcohol-women-used-the/149630653320292/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> Agacuma kandi ushobora kugataka muburyo bwinshi butandukanye<ref>https://rwandamart.rw/product/agacuma-3-pieces/</ref> === Amashakiro === 8de7fqcjgqbz4jo1aqzi4q0yrksl1rz 0 12677 136817 123980 2026-09-14T13:06:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136817 wikitext text/x-wiki Emery Gatsinzi niwe raperi wambere ukomeye mu [[Rwanda]] ugendeye kubigwi yihariye akaba azwi kw'izina rya Riderman. Uy[[Umuhanzi Kamariza|umuhanzi]] yavutse tariki ya 10 [[werurwe]]1987.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80839/ibigwi-n-amateka-bya-riderman-wizihiza-isabukuru-y-imyaka-31-80839.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Riderman.jpg|thumb|Riderman]] == Aho yavukiye == Riderman yavukiye I [[Bujumbura]] mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] niwe mfura mubavandimwe, bavukana ari [[Batman (umujyi)|batanu]] ,abahungu batatu na bakobwa babiri<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.eachamps.rw/article/7398/Imyaka-15-ari-mu-muziki-amateka-ya-Riderman-wizihiza-isabukuru-yimyaka-33-avutse |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-15 |archive-date=2022-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915152310/https://m.eachamps.rw/article/7398/Imyaka-15-ari-mu-muziki-amateka-ya-Riderman-wizihiza-isabukuru-yimyaka-33-avutse |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amashuri yize == Emery Gatsinzi [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza yayize kuri ecole primaire kabusunzu maze ayisumbuye ayiga Muri groupe scolaire St Andre, [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] yayikomereje muri university Libre de [[Kigali]] mubijyanye n'ubukungu n'icunga mutungo kugeza muri 2008,aho yerekeje muri Rwanda Tourism University College mu ishami ry'ubukerarugendo n'icunga mutungo ariko ntiyaharangiriza<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80839/ibigwi-n-amateka-bya-riderman-wizihiza-isabukuru-y-imyaka-31-80839.html</ref>. == Ishakiro == tppc0si8giph6ubjnnvnxfxlwmgoixg 0 12683 137046 135447 2026-09-14T13:11:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137046 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Butaro Hospital.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro Bya Butaro]] Ibitaro bya Butaro ni ibitaro biherereye mu murenge wa Butaro, mu [[Akarere ka Burera|karere ka Burera]] mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], Ibi bitaro byatangiye gukora 2006 bishyira 2007 bitangira bikorera mukigo ndera buzima cya Ruhondo bizanywe n'ishuti mubuzima (partner in health) ifatanyije na [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|minisitere]] y'[[ubuzima]] ariko amazu ibitaro nyirizina bikoreramo akaba yaratangiye gukorerwamo muri Mutarama 2011, ni inyubako zatwaye akayabo ka miliyoni 160 za mafaranga y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?ibitaro-bya-butaro-byorohereza-ingendo-abarwayi-ba-kanseri-babigana-dr-habimana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163606/https://bwiza.com/?ibitaro-bya-butaro-byorohereza-ingendo-abarwayi-ba-kanseri-babigana-dr-habimana |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Irwara zihavurirwa == [[Dosiye:BureraDist.png|thumb|Aho ibitaro bya Butaro biherereye]] Ibitaro bya Butaro nkuko twabivuze hejuru ibi bitaro byafunguwe kumugaragaro mu akarere ka Burera mu ntara y'Amajyaruguru, Ibi bitaro byikitegererezo bisuzuma bikanavura kanseri ''(Butaro Ambulatory Cancer Center (BACC) ).''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ibitaro-bya-butaro-mu-guhangana-na-kanseri-mu-rwanda-no-mu-karere.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163309/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ibitaro-bya-butaro-mu-guhangana-na-kanseri-mu-rwanda-no-mu-karere.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Impano == [[Dosiye:Butaro Wiki.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro bya Butaro]] Ibitaro bya Butaro tariki ya 9 [[Nyakanga]] 2021 ubuyobozi bw' [[akarere ka Burera]] bwa shyikirije ibitaro by'a butaro imbangukiragutabara shya, izunganira [[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] mukubagabanyiriza imvune baterwaga n'urugendo rurerure bajyaga bakora bajya gushaka serivise z'ubuvuzi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/burera-ibitaro-bya-butaro-byashyikirijwe-imbangukiragutabara-nshya-izabifasha-kunoza-serivisi</ref> == Ishakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] 23dv4x4cs2p6ncmoebkprt8s8qhp9f2 0 12696 136900 123532 2026-09-14T13:08:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136900 wikitext text/x-wiki Stade ya Bugesera ni stade iherereye mu [[akarere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|ntara y'uburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fastscore.com/stadium/bugesera-stadium |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163546/https://www.fastscore.com/stadium/bugesera-stadium |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == 3ameymtavu96df0jjcvefa8q2lhm4b5 0 12698 136860 87073 2026-09-14T13:07:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136860 wikitext text/x-wiki Nsabimana Gisele yatangiye kuririmba akiri [[umwana]], Urugendo rw’ubuhanzi yarutangiye mu 2017, asengera muri [[Itorero ADEPR|itorero ADEPR Gatenga]], amenyereye ku mazina ya Gisele Precious, akaba yaramenyekanye mu ndirimbo zitandukanye zirimo: "Imbaraga" yamwinjije byeruye mu muziki, "Inzira zayo", "Niwe", "Shimwa", "Urampagije", "Nashukuru", "Mbega urukundo" na "Umurasaba" .<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/umuziki/article/umuhanzikazi-gisele-precious-yahitanwe-n-urupfu-rutunguranye</ref> == Amashakiro == 5jtgqa5pddwtkaq08shufsw9ih021s2 0 12708 137047 110891 2026-09-14T13:11:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137047 wikitext text/x-wiki Dj Bissoso ni [[Umugano|umugabo]] umaze kwamamara hano mu [[Rwanda]] mubijyanye no kuvangavanga imiziki. Ubusanzwe yitwa Hassan sukubu akaba azwi cyane mu ruganda rw'imyidagaduro nkuvanga imiziki y'ibyamamare mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no mumahanga<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/dj-bisoso-yavuze-ku-bukwe-bwe-bwa-kabiri-byavugwaga-ko-yakoreye-mu-burundi</ref>. [[Dosiye:Rwanda television 23.png|center|thumb|Dj Bissoso ako kuri televiziyo Rwanda aho avanga vangira imiziki]] == Ishakiro == eej5x4tkoisv4r242ct21frdqi5stif 0 12771 136779 88887 2026-09-14T13:05:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136779 wikitext text/x-wiki Niyigena Clement ni umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru, wakuriye mu Ishuri rya Ruhago rya [[APR FC]] yaherukagamo mu Kanama 2019, yageze muri [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] muri Nzeri 2020, Nyuma yo kwigaragaza muri iyi myaka ibiri ishize, [[APR FC]] yari yamugurishije icyo gihe, yongeye kumwisubiza, mbere yari avuye muri Marines FC naho yari intizanyo.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/niyigena-clement-wakiniraga-rayon-sports-yasubiye-muri-apr-fc</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rayonsports.rw/team/16 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171754/https://www.rayonsports.rw/team/16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] 4b41pl7m5ko31api42bv1x477a43z4p 0 12777 137011 115776 2026-09-14T13:11:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137011 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Niyonzima haruna.jpg|thumb|Kapiteni Haruna Umuvandimwe wa Muhadjiri |265x265px]] Hakizimana Muhadjiri ni umukinnyi w’imyaka 26, ukina nkababigize umwuga muri ikipe '''Al Kholood''' muri [[Sawudi Arabiya]] yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma y’imyaka itatu akinira [[APR FC]] yari yaragezemo muri Nyakanga 2016 avuye muri [[AS Kigali]], nayo yari yamuguze muri Mukura Victory Sports yari amazemo imyaka ibiri.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/urukundo/inkuru-z-urukundo/article/muhadjiri-yagaragaye-ari-mu-bihe-byiza-n-umukobwa-w-uburanga-amafoto</ref> Hakizimana Muhadjiri uvukana na kapiteni w’[[Amavubi]], Haruna Niyonzima, yatowe nk’umukinnyi mwiza w’umwaka w’imikino wa 2017/18 mu [[Rwanda]], Nyuma yo kuzamurwa n’umutoza Mungo Jitiada wiyita '''Vigoureux''', kandi yakiniye ikipe ya Etincelles na Emirates Football Club yakiniraga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu kuva muri Nyakanga 2019.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/hakizimana-muhadjiri-yatangiye-neza-mu-ikipe-ye-nshya</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/biravugwa-hakizimana-muhadjiri-yasinyiye-ikipe-ya-rayon-sports</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/hakizimana-muhadjiri/</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] 4b5gawfprlvga5ru3phaych3cpbdvof 0 12794 136972 133235 2026-09-14T13:10:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136972 wikitext text/x-wiki Iradukunda Elsa ni umunya[[rwanda]]<nowiki/>kazi wavutse taliki 25 [[Werurwe]] 1998 i [[Kigali City Tower|Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda-Urundi|Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://missrwanda.rw/iradukunda-elsa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922131846/https://missrwanda.rw/iradukunda-elsa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>mu bitaro byo kwa Nyirinkwaya. Ni [[umwana]] wa Kane mu muryango w'iwabo aho ugizwe n'[[Abadage|abana]] umumani, abahungu [[BAGIRINSHUTI Joseph|babiri]] n'abakobwa batandatu<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/74440/incamake-z-amateka-ya-miss-rwanda-2017-elsa-iradukunda-wizih-74440.html</ref>. == INCAMAKE Y'AMATEKA == Iradakunda Elsa yize [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] y'ncuke ku [[ishuri]] rya "Le petit prence" ndetse ahigira n '[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] abanza. Ageze mu wa kane w'[[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza kugeza mu wa gatandatu yiga kuri "centre scolaire Utunyenyeri". [[Imyaka]] ibiri yambere y'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] y'isumbuye yayize kuri "International Window Imbarara muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] mbere gato ko yerekeza kuri King David i [[Kigali wetlands relocations|Kigali]]. Kuva mu wa gatatu w'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] y'isumbuye kugeza ayasoje aho yarangirije mu ishami rya "literature , Economics, na Geography mu mwaka w'[[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] wa 2016. Iradukunda Elsa yabaye [[nyampinga w'u Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2017 taliki 25 [[Gashyantare]] ubwo yambikwaga Ikamba ku mugaragaro.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/74440/incamake-z-amateka-ya-miss-rwanda-2017-elsa-iradukunda-wizih-74440.html</ref> == UKO YAFUNZWE MURI GEREZA == Miss Iradukunda Elsa yatawe muri yombi ku italiki 8 [[Gicurasi]] 2022<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amakuru-mashya-miss-miss-iradukunda-elsa-yatawe-muri-yombi</ref>,Urwego rw'ubugenzacyaha (RIB) rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano no kubangamira iperereza rifitanye isano n'ibyaha byashijwaga Ishimwe Dieudonne<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/miss-iradukunda-elsa/</ref>. Iradukunda Elsa aritaba urukiko mu kuburana ku byaha ashinjwa <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/117442/iradukunda-elsa-wabaye-miss-rwanda-2017-aritaba-urukiko-117442.html</ref>yagaragaye mu rukiko bwa mbere taliki 24 Gicurasi .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=45867 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922133312/https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=45867 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Gusa nyuma urukiko rw'ibanze rwa Kicukiro rwa tangaje isomwa ry'urubanza rwe ku ifungwa n'ifungurwa ry'agateganyo byabaye taliki 25 Gicurasi 2022.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/imanza/article/miss-iradukunda-elsa-yafunguwe-by-agateganyo</ref> == UBUKWE BWE == Iradukunda Elsa akaba yarabaye Nyampinga w’u Rwanda 2017, hari mu mwaka wa 2017, kuwa Kane taliki ya 02 Werurwe 2023 yasezeranye byemewe mu mategeko hamwe n'umugabo we Ishimwe Dieudonné uzwi nka Prince Kid. Umuhango wo gusezerana mu bukwe bwabo ukaba warabereye mu Murenge wa Rusororo homu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]] . Aho Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Rusororo witwa Desiré Nsabimana yabasezeranije nk'umugabo n'umugore .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/Amafoto-Ishimwe-Dieudonne-na-Miss-Iradukunda-Elsa-basezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/amafoto-utabonye-prince-kid-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko-na-miss-iradukunda-elsa</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ifoto-y-umunsi-prince-kid-yasohokanye-na-miss-iradukunda-elsa</ref><ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/article/prince-kid-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko-na-miss-iradukunda-elsa</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro; == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Nyampinga]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamideli]] ofehmhvs2r0bd6uheq7lg0ezvt09xbg 137079 136972 2026-09-14T13:17:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137079 wikitext text/x-wiki Iradukunda Elsa ni umunya[[rwanda]]<nowiki/>kazi wavutse taliki 25 [[Werurwe]] 1998 i [[Kigali City Tower|Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda-Urundi|Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://missrwanda.rw/iradukunda-elsa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922131846/https://missrwanda.rw/iradukunda-elsa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>mu bitaro byo kwa Nyirinkwaya. Ni [[umwana]] wa Kane mu muryango w'iwabo aho ugizwe n'[[Abadage|abana]] umumani, abahungu [[BAGIRINSHUTI Joseph|babiri]] n'abakobwa batandatu<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/74440/incamake-z-amateka-ya-miss-rwanda-2017-elsa-iradukunda-wizih-74440.html</ref>. == Incamake y'amateka == Iradakunda Elsa yize [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] y'ncuke ku [[ishuri]] rya "Le petit prence" ndetse ahigira n '[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] abanza. Ageze mu wa kane w'[[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza kugeza mu wa gatandatu yiga kuri "centre scolaire Utunyenyeri". [[Imyaka]] ibiri yambere y'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] y'isumbuye yayize kuri "International Window Imbarara muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] mbere gato ko yerekeza kuri King David i [[Kigali wetlands relocations|Kigali]]. Kuva mu wa gatatu w'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] y'isumbuye kugeza ayasoje aho yarangirije mu ishami rya "literature , Economics, na Geography mu mwaka w'[[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] wa 2016. Iradukunda Elsa yabaye [[nyampinga w'u Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2017 taliki 25 [[Gashyantare]] ubwo yambikwaga Ikamba ku mugaragaro.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/74440/incamake-z-amateka-ya-miss-rwanda-2017-elsa-iradukunda-wizih-74440.html</ref> == Uko yafunzwe muri gereza == Miss Iradukunda Elsa yatawe muri yombi ku italiki 8 [[Gicurasi]] 2022<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amakuru-mashya-miss-miss-iradukunda-elsa-yatawe-muri-yombi</ref>,Urwego rw'ubugenzacyaha (RIB) rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gukoresha inyandiko mpimbano no kubangamira iperereza rifitanye isano n'ibyaha byashijwaga Ishimwe Dieudonne<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/miss-iradukunda-elsa/</ref>. Iradukunda Elsa aritaba urukiko mu kuburana ku byaha ashinjwa <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/117442/iradukunda-elsa-wabaye-miss-rwanda-2017-aritaba-urukiko-117442.html</ref>yagaragaye mu rukiko bwa mbere taliki 24 Gicurasi .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=45867 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922133312/https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=45867 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Gusa nyuma urukiko rw'ibanze rwa Kicukiro rwa tangaje isomwa ry'urubanza rwe ku ifungwa n'ifungurwa ry'agateganyo byabaye taliki 25 Gicurasi 2022.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/imanza/article/miss-iradukunda-elsa-yafunguwe-by-agateganyo</ref> == Ubukwe bwe == Iradukunda Elsa akaba yarabaye Nyampinga w’u Rwanda 2017, hari mu mwaka wa 2017, kuwa Kane taliki ya 02 Werurwe 2023 yasezeranye byemewe mu mategeko hamwe n'umugabo we Ishimwe Dieudonné uzwi nka Prince Kid. Umuhango wo gusezerana mu bukwe bwabo ukaba warabereye mu Murenge wa Rusororo homu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]] . Aho Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Rusororo witwa Desiré Nsabimana yabasezeranije nk'umugabo n'umugore .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/Amafoto-Ishimwe-Dieudonne-na-Miss-Iradukunda-Elsa-basezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/amafoto-utabonye-prince-kid-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko-na-miss-iradukunda-elsa</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ifoto-y-umunsi-prince-kid-yasohokanye-na-miss-iradukunda-elsa</ref><ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/article/prince-kid-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko-na-miss-iradukunda-elsa</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro; == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Nyampinga]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamideli]] h82svyjp5j3hfjxlxbmfjs75labop3w 0 12799 137116 115195 2026-09-14T13:18:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137116 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abanyarwanda ba mbere bahawe ubupadiri.jpg|thumb|392x392px]] [[Dosiye:US Navy 070921-N-6278K-004 Father Joseph Harris, left, a Roman Catholic priest in Trinidad and Tobago, celebrates mass with Lt. Cmdr. Paul Evers.jpg|thumb|Abapadili|327x327px]] [[Dosiye:Pope Francis in March 2013.jpg|thumb|Papa Francisco Umushumba wa kiliziya gatorika kw'Isi|291x291px]] [[Dosiye:Ste.-Famille Church - Genocide Site - Viewed through Trees - Kigali - Rwanda - cropped.jpg|thumb|kiriziya saint famille|330x330px]] '''Kiliziya Gatorika''' ni idini yabanje mu [[Rwanda]], mu mwaka 1900 nibwo kiliziya gatorika yageze mu [[Rwanda]] byeruye mu butumwa bwazanwe n' abapadiri bera ([[Pere Blanc]]). == Amateka yo hambere == Mbere yo mu mwaka 1900 u [[Rwanda]] rwabarizwaga mu gace k' iyogezabutumwa ka [[Afurika]] yo munsi ya koma y' [[isi]], kari karashyizweho na papa Leon wa 13 muri 1878. ako gace yaje kukaragiza umuryango w' abapadiri bera wari warashinzwe na calidinali Ravijeri mu mwaka 1868, abo ba misiyoneri bageze muri [[Uganda]] muri Gashyantare mu mwaka 1879 bahashinga misiyoni yaje kuba Vikaliyati Apositolike ya Vigitoliya _ Nyanza mu mwaka 1883. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/uko-kiliziya-y-u-rwanda-yatangiye-nta-padiri-n-umwe-yageze-ku-kwibaruka |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-19 |archive-date=2022-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201172316/https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/uko-kiliziya-y-u-rwanda-yatangiye-nta-padiri-n-umwe-yageze-ku-kwibaruka |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Iyobokamana]] pkivqstjt299shjhwtdwtpubwg6hv74 0 12804 136861 135285 2026-09-14T13:07:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136861 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RestorationBelieversMinIntChurch Greenleys.jpg|thumb|Evangelical Restoration Church]] [[Dosiye:Sheyenne River Valley Scenic Byway - Preston Church - NARA - 7722163.jpg|thumb|evangelic restoration church]] '''Evangelical Restoration Church''' iri torero rya shizwe na [[Apotre Yoshuwa Masasu]] akaba ariwe mushyumba mukuru wiri torero ku isi, rikaba rifite amashami menshi atandukanye haba mu [[Rwanda]] no mumahanga, nka Masoro , Gikondo no kucyicaro Kimisagara nahandi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/81337/apotre-masasu-81337.html</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/menya-impamvu-nyamukuru-muri-restoration-church-bavuga-ko-apotre-masasu-ari</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/gospel/article/umuririmbyi-yahagaritswe-muri-restoration-church-azira-impeta-y-urukundo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-19 |archive-date=2020-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124234801/http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/gospel/article/umuririmbyi-yahagaritswe-muri-restoration-church-azira-impeta-y-urukundo |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Iyobokamana]] khmcqiecnkpd8wyw75v6xszxk8j0cy4 0 12809 136862 135449 2026-09-14T13:07:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136862 wikitext text/x-wiki Ni itsinda rigizwe n'abanyarwandakazi babiri bavukana kandi b'impanga aribo NDAYISHIMIYE Angel na BAMUREKE Pamella, bakora umuziki nk'umwuga by'umwihariko injyana gakondo. == Inkomoko y'inganzo == Ange na Pamella nk'izina bakoresha ku rubyiniriro batangiye kuririmba guhera biga mu mashuri y'inshuke, aho baririmbaga mu itorero ry'umuco ry'ikigo ndetse bakomeje kuriririmbamo bageze no mu mashuri abanza. <ref>[1] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220920180918/https://mail.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ange-pamella-bacyeje-abababanjirije-muri-gakondo-barimo-kayirebwa-mu-ndirimbo Ange & Pamella bacyeje abababanjirije muri Gakondo barimo Kayirebwa mu ndirimbo yabo nshya - Igihe.com]</ref><ref>[2] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172547/https://impuruza.net/?p=1181 Abahanzi Angel&Pamella bashyize ahagaragara indirimbo bakoranye n’icyamamare Cécile Kayirebwa - Impuruza.net]</ref> Impano yabo yo kuririmba bayitahuye ku myaka 12, igenda ibungabungwa ndetse ari nako bafashwa mu kuyikuza. Ubuhanga bwabo mu kuririmba iyii njyana byagiye bibafasha kubona ibigo by'amashuri bigaho nta kiguzi bibasabye kabikesha iyo mpano. Kugeza ubu, ni abahanzi by'umwuga ku buryo biyandikira indirimbo zabo bwite. Iyi mpano yo kuririmba bakaba bayisangije mu muryango bavukamo, dore ko nta wundi babikomoraho, ibituma bifuza kuzayiraga abazabakomokaho. <ref>[3] [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/98090/impanga-zahogoje-kayirebwa-urugendo-rwa-angel-na-pamella-bafitanye-amabanga-namateka-akome-98090.html Impanga zahogoje Kayirebwa! Urugendo rwa Angel na Pamella bafitanye amabanga n'amateka akomeye - VIDEO - Inyarwanda.com]</ref> == Ibindi bikorwa == Ange nubwo akora umuziki, ariko abifatanya no gukora ibijyanye n'imideri, aho afite inzu y'imideri yitwa Hodan Fashion ijya inabambika igihe bari gufata amwe mu mashusho y'indirimbo zabo.<ref>[4] [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/ange-and-pamela-twins-blazing-gakondo-music Ange and Pamela: The twins blazing Gakondo music - Newtimes.co.rw]</ref><ref>[5] [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ange-na-pamela-bahimbiye-indirimbo-abahanzi-ba-gakondo-babazamuye Ange na Pamela bahimbiye indirimbo abahanzi ba gakondo babazamuye - Kigalitoday.com]</ref> == Aho wakura ibihangano byabo nuko wababona == Ange na pamella ibihangano byabo byose biboneka ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rwa YouTube unyuze ku muyoboro wabo yitwa '''[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkG3P9GbJjIjcTSW642OVow Angel na Pamella]''' Ukeneye kubavugisha wakifashisha uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga bwa imeyili, ukabandikira kuri email yabo: [mailto:angelnapamellabooking@gmail.com angelnapamellabooking@gmail.com] == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Entertainment]] [[Ikiciro:Gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] gjqdsb2j1o8321cr09pfyl9k2fgsarn 0 12810 137012 103529 2026-09-14T13:11:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137012 wikitext text/x-wiki Women Foundation Ministries cyangwa se Nobel Family Church ni itorero ryatangijwe [[Mignone Alice Kabera|Apotre Mignone]]''',''' Ubundi ababyeyi be bamwise '''[[Umunezero Alice]]''' ariko baza kumuhimba '''[[Mignone Alice Kabera|Mignone]],''' ni umugore wa [[Eric Kabera]] wamamaye muri sinema nyarwanda babyaranye abana batatu, .<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/42042/women-foundation-ministries-noble-family-church-ku-nshuro-ya-gatanu-yateguye-umunsi-wo-gushima-imana-thanksgivig-in-action-2012--42042.html</ref> == UKO BYAJE == Apotre Mignone Ati '''“''' Yaje mu ishusho y’umuntu iramvugisha hanyuma irambwira ngo ndashaka ko ujya kumpera abagore amaboko. Numvaga ibyo bintu bidasobanutse hanyuma ndireba ndebye ayanjye nsanga nayo ni ibice, irambwira iti ‘singira iyi nkoni (isobanura ubutware) noneho negerejeho ya maboko yanjye y’ibice mbona araje noneho ndafata, arambwira ngo genda iyi nkoni uyikoze kuri buri mugore wese ubona”.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-19 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172846/https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ABAGORE == Apotre Mignone Imana yamutumye  guha abagore mu buryo butatu harimo mu buryo bw’umwuka (kwigisha ijambo ry’Imana), mu buryo bw’amarangamutima (komora ibikomere) no mu bifatika, Nyuma y’imyaka itandatu agize iyerekwa, dore ko yari asanzwe ibyerekeye ubujyanama, Apotre Mignone yashyizeho gahunda y’amasengesho yo ku wa gatanu ahereye ku ntebe 25 bagenda baguka kugeza babonye aho bakorera habo.<ref name=":1" /> == URUSENGERO == Apotre Mignone Ni we watangije umuryango witwa Women Foundation Ministries hamwe n’urusengero rwitwa "Nobel Family Church".<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] 3hsc1be4t6clsupy6nsf3jgtq6q3eq4 137080 137012 2026-09-14T13:17:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137080 wikitext text/x-wiki Women Foundation Ministries cyangwa se Nobel Family Church ni itorero ryatangijwe [[Mignone Alice Kabera|Apotre Mignone]]''',''' Ubundi ababyeyi be bamwise '''[[Umunezero Alice]]''' ariko baza kumuhimba '''[[Mignone Alice Kabera|Mignone]],''' ni umugore wa [[Eric Kabera]] wamamaye muri sinema nyarwanda babyaranye abana batatu, .<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/42042/women-foundation-ministries-noble-family-church-ku-nshuro-ya-gatanu-yateguye-umunsi-wo-gushima-imana-thanksgivig-in-action-2012--42042.html</ref> == Uko byaje == Apotre Mignone Ati '''“''' Yaje mu ishusho y’umuntu iramvugisha hanyuma irambwira ngo ndashaka ko ujya kumpera abagore amaboko. Numvaga ibyo bintu bidasobanutse hanyuma ndireba ndebye ayanjye nsanga nayo ni ibice, irambwira iti ‘singira iyi nkoni (isobanura ubutware) noneho negerejeho ya maboko yanjye y’ibice mbona araje noneho ndafata, arambwira ngo genda iyi nkoni uyikoze kuri buri mugore wese ubona”.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-19 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172846/https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abagore == Apotre Mignone Imana yamutumye  guha abagore mu buryo butatu harimo mu buryo bw’umwuka (kwigisha ijambo ry’Imana), mu buryo bw’amarangamutima (komora ibikomere) no mu bifatika, Nyuma y’imyaka itandatu agize iyerekwa, dore ko yari asanzwe ibyerekeye ubujyanama, Apotre Mignone yashyizeho gahunda y’amasengesho yo ku wa gatanu ahereye ku ntebe 25 bagenda baguka kugeza babonye aho bakorera habo.<ref name=":1" /> == Urusengero == Apotre Mignone Ni we watangije umuryango witwa Women Foundation Ministries hamwe n’urusengero rwitwa "Nobel Family Church".<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] 8jcec26epoak3np765cp6gfkv3ntab3 0 12825 136932 96798 2026-09-14T13:09:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136932 wikitext text/x-wiki Habyarimana Desire ni umugabo wubatse urugo hamwe na Kiyange Adda- Darlène, bafite abana babiri Divin na Dan, akora umurimo w’ Ubushumba nkorera umurimo w’ Imana mw’ [[Itorero ADEPR|itorero rya ADEPR]] Kicukiro- Rwanda.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174028/https://www.agakiza.org/Isomere-ubuhamya-bwa-Pasteur-Desire-Habyarimana.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abayobozi b'amadini n'amatorero]] 5sa7ka7xd3vt3k1liuf0ktn64qqlkln 0 12827 136901 88652 2026-09-14T13:08:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136901 wikitext text/x-wiki Zigirinshuti Michael ni umugano w'umuvugabutumwa mu [[Itorero ADEPR|itorero rya ADEPR]], ufite umugore n'abana, usanzwe ari Pasiteri cyangwa Umushumba muri Paruwasi ya Gasave, kandi akaba yari ashinzwe ivugabutumwa muri iryo torero.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/amagambo-pst-zigirinshuti-yavuze-ku-ntambara-y-abacengezi-yatumye-ahagarikwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174006/https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/amagambo-pst-zigirinshuti-yavuze-ku-ntambara-y-abacengezi-yatumye-ahagarikwa |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/81080/adepr-yahagaritse-pastor-zigirinshuti-michel-81080.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abayobozi b'amadini n'amatorero]] mpjjfydicn4rlc6yhapf57q0k1adtyz 0 12830 136863 88565 2026-09-14T13:07:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136863 wikitext text/x-wiki Gakunzi Makuza Willy usanzwe akorera umuziki uhimbaza Imana muri [[Canada]] akaba ari mu bashinze Umuryango Heart of Worship in Action ugamije guhindura imibereho y’abaturage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyemerere/ivugabutumwa/article/ben-na-chance-gahongayire-mu-batumiwe-mu-itangizwa-ry-umuryango-heart-of |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173051/https://igihe.com/imyemerere/ivugabutumwa/article/ben-na-chance-gahongayire-mu-batumiwe-mu-itangizwa-ry-umuryango-heart-of |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] rlh7mmh7rnb34n6x66s488vlofoas0o 0 12834 137048 113942 2026-09-14T13:11:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137048 wikitext text/x-wiki Zaninka Kabaganza Liliane uzwi nka Kabaganza Liliane Yavutse ku itariki ya 11 Kamena 1975, avukira ahitwa Bibogobogo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’amajyepfo muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo]] (RDC), Papa we umubyara ni Umushumba mu Itorero ryitwa Healing Heart mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]] akaba yitwa '''Mukiza Leonard''' naho mama we yitwa '''Nyabaziga Odette''' bakaba barabyaranye abana 6, ni umuririmbyikazi akaba n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo zihimbaza Imana, afite ubwenegihugu bw’ubunyarwanda , uburebure bwa metero 1.51, ni umudamu yashakanye na '''Dusabemungu Ntabajyana''' Celestin mu mwaka 1999 I [[Kigali]], Liliane yamenyekanye cyane muri Chorale Rehoboth,mu ndirimbo nka "Imana ni byose, Iyo ntekereje umugabo witwa Yesu, Getsemani, Habwa ikuzo, Bakundwa n’izindi" Ubu Liliane Kabaganza amaze kwandika indirimbo 68. Indirimbo yanditse mbere ikaba yitwa i Bethelehemu iri kuri Alubumu ya mbere ya Rehoboth Ministries yitwa “Abafite inyota ni muze”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://agakiza.org/Amateka-y-umuhanzi-Liliane-Kabaganza-Zaninka.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172421/https://agakiza.org/Amateka-y-umuhanzi-Liliane-Kabaganza-Zaninka.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:A view of Congo River from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).jpg|center|thumb|Bibogobogo muri Congo aho Zaninka yavukiye|326x326px]] == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] 749g8ypzar1vssogjfjneed8yxwgkd3 0 12844 137013 108662 2026-09-14T13:11:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137013 wikitext text/x-wiki Hagumamahoro Isaac cyangwa Mahoro Isaac amazina y'ubuhanzi, ni umusore w’umuhanzi uririmba indirimbo zihimbaza Imana, yatangiye kuririmba afite imyaka 15, aririmba mu ma korali atandukanye, Ubwo yigaga mu mashuri yisumbuye mu mwaka wa 2006, atangirira ku ndirimbo y’icyunamo, arinako akomeza kuririmba hirya no hino mu nsengero zitandukanye z’itorero ry’[[Abadiventisti b'Umunsi wa Karindwi|abadivantisti b’umunsi wa karindwi]] dore ko ariho asengera, yasohoye indirimbo zindi iyitwa “Yarambohoye” hamwe na “Shimwa Yesu”,“Amahoro”, mu buzima busanzwe ni umunyeshuri muri [[Kaminuza yigenga ya kigali|kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali]] (ULK), aho yiga mu mwaka wa gatatu icungamutungo, akaba ari n’umukozi ushinzwe inguzanyo mu murenge Sacco wa Nyamata mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] akabifatanya n’ubucuruzi ndetse n’ubuhanzi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174156/https://www.agakiza.org/-abahanzi-.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Adventist Symbol.svg|left|thumb|Ikirango cy'itorero ryabadvantisti bumunsi wa Karindwi]] [[Dosiye:ULK-Masters-Administration-building.jpg|center|thumb|Isaac n'umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza yigenga ya ULK]] == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] <references /> 8ol1gt0pfsxpt3euaj1rw5ecnqa4etq 0 12845 136818 104442 2026-09-14T13:06:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136818 wikitext text/x-wiki == Indirimbo b'aririmbye == Dorcas na Vestine ni abaririmbyi baririmba ndetse bakaramya mu ndirimbo, bakaba bafite indirimbo nyinshi bagiye bandika izindi zikandikwa nabandi bahanzi harimo<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/124215/vestine-na-dorcas-bakoze-igitaramo-cyamateka-bamurika-album-ya-mbere-niyo-bosco-aratungura-124215.html</ref> : * ISAHA * Nahawe ijambo * Arakira * Adonai * Nzakomera * Mwijuru * ARAKIZA * SIMPAGARARA * SI BAYALI * Umutaka * Papa * NZAKOMORA<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIhEAJ0NV5o</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] 86az4z6j86b294sr26k67j7gqktlayn 0 12856 136933 103196 2026-09-14T13:09:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136933 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu [[Rwanda]] ibipimo by' imikurire y' abana bato bigaragaza ko hari impinduka ikomeye yabaye mu mikurire hashingiwe k' ubushakashatsi bwakozwe k' ubuzima n' imibereho by' abaturage mu mwaka 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ni-gute-u-rwanda-ruri-kurwanya-igwingira-mu-turere-13-ryibasiye-cyane |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921093642/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ni-gute-u-rwanda-ruri-kurwanya-igwingira-mu-turere-13-ryibasiye-cyane |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibipimo by' imikurire y' abana bato == Kugeza ubu mu [[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda]] 13% y' abana bavuka bafite ibiro bike biri munsi ya 2.5, 33% by' abana bari munsi y' imyaka itanu bafite ikibazo cyo kugwingira, 93% by' abana bari hagati y' amezi 6 na 23 nibo bahabwa inkingo zose zagenwe. <ref>http://www.ecd.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Booklets/National_Pocket_Guide_Kinyarwanda_Final.pdf</ref> == Igwingira == Igwingira ni ikibazo gihangayikishije igihugu n' isi muri rusange,Mu [[Rwanda]] igwingira ryigaragaza muburyo 3 aribwo kugwingira mu mikurire, mu mitekerereze no mu mbamutima. U[[Rwanda]] rwafashe ingamba zinyuranye mu kurwanya no kurandura igwingira mu bana bato, gahunda z' amarerero y' abana bato ,gahunda mbonezamikurire y' abana bato na gutanga inyongeramirire. <ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ikibazo-cyigwingira-ryabana-gihagaze-gute-mu-gihugu0</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gakenke-igwingira-ry-abana-ryagabanutseho-7</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] nptkbtk7lon8xc2gxambl9qubp3yrjm 0 12865 136819 134263 2026-09-14T13:06:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136819 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Stade am Deich (3).jpg|thumb|Etzella Ettelbruck Ikipe Stev Kalisa akinira]] Sven Kalisa ni umunyarwanda ukina mukibuga hagati, ukinira Etzella Ettelbruck yo mu cyiciro cya mbere muri Luxamburuge ufana [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] yo mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/sven-kalisa-witeguye-gukinira-amavubi-yatangaje-ikipe-afana-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921102209/https://yegob.rw/sven-kalisa-witeguye-gukinira-amavubi-yatangaje-ikipe-afana-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/sahabo-hakim-wa-lille-n-abandi-bakinnyi-bashya-bageze-mu-mavubi-amafoto</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] 2oo7xhels6gbvpqrgmucww35v8xxg75 0 12867 136780 134217 2026-09-14T13:05:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136780 wikitext text/x-wiki Nzeyimana philbert ni [[Umugano|umugabo]] w'umunya[[Rwanda Rwacu|rwanda]] wamamaye cyane mugisata cy'imyidagaduro kwizina rya Dj Phil Peter kuva m[[umwaka]] wa 2011. Uy[[Umugabekazi|umugabo]] yatangiye nkumunyamakuru, nyuma yinjira mu [[Umuganura|umwuga]] w'ubushyushyarugamba "MC" Nyuma yinjira mu kuvangavanga imiziki "DJ". == Amateka == Nzeyimana Philbert uzwi cyane kwizina rya Dj pil Peter [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza yayize mubigo bigiye bitandukanye aho ayisumbuye ya yasoreje mu [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije|ikigo]] cya G. S GAHINI mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza|karere ka Kayonza]] aho yakuye amanota meshi mu ishami ry'ibijyanye na siyansi mu gace k'[[Ibinyabuzima n'inyamaswa byo mu Rwanda|ibinyabuzima]] "Biology" / n'ubutabire "Chemistry". Amanota yabonye akaba yaramuhesheje amahirwe mu bambere yo kwerekeza muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]],maze yiga ibijyanye n'[[Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda|ubuvuzi]] "Allied Health Science " hari m[[umwaka]] wa 2008 asoza mu [[Makawo|mwaka]] wa 2013. N'ubwo yize ibyo byose inyota n'umuriro udasize n'umuhamagaro wo gukora ibijyanye n'itangazamakuru rijyanye n'[[imyidagaduro]] byatumye muri 2011 yinjira mu itangazamakuru ahera mu "ISANGO STAR" Aho yahakoreye [[imyaka]] ikabakaba 8 ahava yerekeza ku "ISIBO TV" Muri 2020.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/105313/amateka-arambuye-ya-phil-peter-watangiye-umushinga-uzahuza-abahanzi-babanyafurika-105313.html</ref> Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] akaba numu Dj abifatanyije n'ubunyamakuru [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ye yakoranye numuhanzikazi nya[[Rwanda Mountain Tea|rwanda]] uzwi kwizira rya Marina yitwa "Bimpame" yakoze amateka mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] aho yanyujijwe kuri televisiyo ikomeye cyane muri Afurika bita "Trace Africa"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/indirimbo-ya-phil-peter-na-marina-yanditse-amateka-atarabaho-mu-muziki-nyarwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922092008/https://yegob.rw/indirimbo-ya-phil-peter-na-marina-yanditse-amateka-atarabaho-mu-muziki-nyarwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] tbg8gzzpnkwgxk62ijajx9xswag6ozm 0 12869 136902 87378 2026-09-14T13:08:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136902 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sesion de entrenamiento del Mukura VS.jpg|thumb|Mukura V.S, Rwabugiribyakoreyemo amateka]] Rwabugiri Umar ni Umunyezamu wanyuze muri [[Mukura Victory Sports|Mukura VS]] nyuma yo gukinira amakipe nka Musanze FC, nyuma muri 2019 yahise ajya muri [[APR FC]] ayikinira imyaka 2, yayivuyemo ajya muri Police FC yakiniye umwaka umwe, avuga ko ibihe azahora yibuka mu rugendo rwe rwa ruhago ari igihe yakiniraga ikipe ya [[Mukura Victory Sports|Mukura VS]] kuko ahamya ko we na bagenzi be bayandikiyemo amateka n’ubu itarabasha gusubiramo.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ibihe-rwabugiri-umar-azahora-yibuka-mu-rugendo-rwe-rwa-ruhago</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] 0liee89qxzmiudqdgfhclkr39h3ma27 0 12875 136903 133521 2026-09-14T13:08:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136903 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mountain in Rutsiro district, western Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Imisozi ya Rutsiro]] RUTSIRO FC ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru, ifite icyicaro mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y’Iburengerazuba]], [[Akarere ka Rutsiro]]. Iyi kipe iri mu nshingano z'aka karere kandi ikina mu mikino ya shampiona itegurwa na [[FERWAFA]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/rayon-sports-itsinze-rutsiro-fc-ku-munota-wa-nyuma</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/live-sports/article/live-as-kigali-yakiriye-rutsiro-fc-muri-shampiyona-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921114538/https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/live-sports/article/live-as-kigali-yakiriye-rutsiro-fc-muri-shampiyona-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:RutsiroDist.png|center|thumb|Aho Rutsiro FC ibarizwa]] == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] rot808pn324byq98zczwenenidcnjn9 0 12879 136864 126456 2026-09-14T13:07:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136864 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Stade 24 Février 1956.jpg|thumb|Sitade]] Stade Umuganda ni stade igezweho mpuzamahanga yakira abantu ibihumb 5000, ibarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|karere ka Rubavu]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'uburengerazuba]], ikaba ikiniraho amakipe 2 ariyo [[Enticelles fc|Enticelles Fc]] na [[Marine FC Rwanda|Marine Fc]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/venues/stade-umuganda-gisenyi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921122850/https://www.worldfootball.net/venues/stade-umuganda-gisenyi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.goalzz.com/?stadium=5988</ref><ref>https://ruhago-impitagihe.com/fr/stades-principaux-de-football-au-rwanda/stade-umuganda-rubavu-gisenyi/</ref> [[Dosiye:Stadium of Rubavu.jpg|left|thumb|Umuganda stadium]] [[Dosiye:RubavuDist.png|center|thumb|Aho stade umuganda iherereye]] == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] [[Ikiciro:Stade]] 30nl5omrqqe55j12v9ohh2q3e833zen 0 12884 136865 119014 2026-09-14T13:07:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136865 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Team éperviers.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] Nyanza Fc ni ikipe ibarizwa muri shampiyona y'icyiciro cy'akabiri mu [[Rwanda]], aho iherutse no kugera muri 1/2 bashaka amakipe azamuka muri shampiyona cyiciro cy'ambere cy'amarushanwa ategurwa na [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/ibirego-bya-as-muhanga-na-nyanza-fc-byatumye-hasubikwa-imikino-ya-%C2%BD</ref> [[Dosiye:NyanzaDist.png|center|thumb|Ah ikipe ya Nyanza ikomoka]] == Amashkiro == [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] f67a4sfx9lldr07dm50rgdf9zhhjjzn 0 12886 137130 136252 2026-09-14T13:19:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe: gukuraho ubwoya no gukosora inyuguti nkuru mu mitwe ifite ihuza 137130 wikitext text/x-wiki == [[FERWAFA|Uko yashinzwe]] == Iyi ni imwe mu makipe ya mbere afite amateka maremare kandi ashaje cyane mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda. Yashinzwe ahagana mumwaka 1935.: Amagaju FC yashinzwe n’Umutware ''Rutaremara'' ubwo yari amaze kugabirwa ubutware bw’Intara cyangwa ubutware bwa Bufundu (ubu akaba ari mu Karere ka Nyamagabe mu Ntara y'Amajypfo mucyahoze ari Gikongoro). Umupira w'amaguru muri icyo gihe wari umaze kumenyekana mu gihugu binyuze mu mashuri, cyane cyane ababyirukaga n'abigaga i Kabgayi bigishwaga n'abamisiyoneri b'abazungu.<ref name=":0">https://ingenzinyayo.com/2018/09/13/ikipe-amagaju-fc-niyo-ifite-imyaka-myinshiariko-ntacyerekezo-igiraizira-ikiizazahurwa-nande/</ref> == Ibigwi n'amateka == <ref name=":0" />Mu mateka y’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda, Amagaju FC ntabwo ari ikipe izwiho gutwara ibikombe bya shampiyona y'ikiciro cyambere, ahubwo ibigwi byayo bishingiye ku mateka yayo maremare, kuba kera yaratsindaga amakipe akomeye nka Rayon sport, Mukura Victory Sports,Kiyovu Sports ndetse na Panthères Noires Kigali yaje gusenywa bityo Amagaju bikayaviramo kwitwa "Inkuba Zesa", no kuba ari yo kipe ya mbere mu Rwanda yahimbiwe indirimbo iyirata ibigwi ariyo "Dore Inganji Iturutse i Bufundu", yahimbwe na Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami, ishingiye ku kurata ibigwi by'ikipe n'imihigo yayo. == Bamwe mubayiyoboye == == ''Paul Nshimyumuremyi'' Ni we Perezida w'Amagaju FC ucyuye igihe kandi umaze imyaka itari mike ayiyobora, harimo n’igihe yayifashaga kuzamuka mu Cyiciro cya Mbere (Rwanda Premier League) mu mwaka wa 2023. mubandi bayiyoboye harimo ''Munyantwali Alphonse'' wari umuyobozi wakarere ka Nyamagabe. Ni we muyobozi uzwi cyane wabyutse izina ry’Amagaju FC ubwo yari Meya w'Akarere ka Nyamagabe (nyuma yaje kuba Guverineri w'Intara y'Amajyepfo, ubu akaba ari na Perezida wa FERWAFA). == == Ukoyiteguye umwaka wimikino == Nyuma y’uko mu ntangiriro z’umwaka ikipe itandukanye n’umutoza Niyongabo Amars wari umaze imyaka ibiri n'igice, Amagaju FC yinjiye mu cyerekezo gishya cyo gushaka abatoza bafite amashagaga nka Sghir Hammadi hamwe n'abatoza bunganira barimo [Imurora Hakizimana Japhet] . <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/amagaju-fc-yabonye-abakinnyi-bashya-n-umutoza-bavuye-i-burundi</ref>Komite y’iyi kipe ikunze kwibanda kuzana abakinnyi bafite imbaraga bakura mu bihugu bituranye nka u Burundi na DR Congo, ndetse n'abakinnyi bakiri bato mu gihugu kugira ngo hubakwe urwego rurambye kandi ruzigamye mu bukungu bw'ikipe. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] spxyesq65k8f7bw1ixun4wtb4wt8a9e 0 12893 136866 134211 2026-09-14T13:07:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136866 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Female Football 10.jpg|thumb|Ikipe]] Nyagatare Fc ni ikipe y' icyiciro cya kabiri cya shampiyona yumupira wamaguru ategurwa na [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]], ifite icyizere cyo kuzamuka mu cyiciro cy'ambere, iyi ikipe ibarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|karere ka Nyagatare]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/124247/Sports/nyagatare-fc-set-sights-on-topflight-football</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/amafoto-inteko-ya-ferwafa-yateranye-uwa-nyagatare-fc-women-ayirukanwamo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921150948/https://yegob.rw/amafoto-inteko-ya-ferwafa-yateranye-uwa-nyagatare-fc-women-ayirukanwamo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:NyagatareDist.png|center|thumb|Aho Nyagatare FC ibarizwa]] == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] lgkt1gq9mgmzkfp396zc5e3galrsrvm 0 12895 136904 126244 2026-09-14T13:08:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher Muneza''' ni [[Umugano|umugabo]] wabaye icyamamare mu [[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze yacyo aho yavutse mu [[Makadamiya|mwaka]] 1994 [[Mutarama]] 30<ref>http://rw.bangmedia.org/2012/04/umuhanzi-christophe-muneza-aka.html?m=1</ref>. Uyu ni [[Umugabekazi|umugabo]] wabaye icyamamare acyambaye umwenda w'[[ishuri]] aho yatangiye guhanga ibihangano bye by[[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] atarasoza [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]]. == Menya by'ishi kuri christopher muneza == Uy[[Umukore|u musore]] mu [[Makawo|mwaka]] wa 2009 yatsinze amarushanwa yari yateguwe na Ishimwe Clement uyobora "Kina Music" ahita asinya [[Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera|amasezerano]] n'iy'inzu ihita itangira kumukoresha [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]]. Mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] 2010 ubwo yari yaratangiye gukorana n'iy'inzu ya Kina Music, Christopher yari agiye mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] wa gatatu w'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] yisumbuye muri APACE atangira gukora zimwe mu [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|ndirimbo]] nka Sigaho, Amahitamo, Ishema n'izindi zitagiye zimenyakana. Agiye m[[umwaka|u mwaka]] wa kane w'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] yisumbuye yasohoye iyitwa "IRI JORO" yakoranye na Danny nanone ayisohora atazi ko izamugira ikirangirire nk'uko byamugendekeye.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/kuva-najya-mu-muziki-nabayeho-ubuzima-ntifuzaga-christopher</ref> Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] ukundwa cyane n'[[Igitsina cy’umugabo|igistina]] gore yaje kumara igihe kinini hatakiri kumvikana ibihangano bye gusa nyuma yaho yaje kongera kugaruka mu muziki yarwanda nanone<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/umuhanzi-christopher-byavugwaga-ko-yazimye-yigaranzuye-ababivugaga-bose/</ref> aho yaje gushyira igihangano cye gishya bita "Mi Casa"<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/umuhanzi-christopher-yahishuye-impamvu-atarangije-kwiga-kaminuza-video</ref> M[[Umwaka|u mwaka]] wa 2017 uyu muhanzi yitabiriye irushanwa rya Primus Guma Guma Super Star aho yavugaga ko nyuma ya "PGGSS" atazongera gukorana n'inzu ya Kina Music gusa ku bwumvikane yaje gusezera gukorana na Kina Music we ubwe aho yavuzeko hari igihe kigera n'[[umwana]] mu rugo hari igihe kigera akajya kwibana.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75195/pggss7-preview-amateka-n-ibigwi-bya-christopher-umwe-mu-baha-75195.html</ref> Christopher yagaragaye byeruye mu rukundo ubwo yatungurwaga n'umukunzi we gusa Christopher Muneza we akunda kugira ubwiru mu byerekeye urukundo rwe.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/umuhanzi-muneza-christopher-topher-yagaragaje-byeruye-ko-ari-mu-rukundo-nyuma</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] 81hq5i84tzvj1dhsow023ywfcui7ohe 0 12907 136973 99373 2026-09-14T13:10:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136973 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Equipe du Burkina Faso.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] United Stars Fc ni ikipe yo mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri cy’umupira w’amaguru mu [[Rwanda]], iyi kipe ibarizwa mu Kabagari ho mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Karere ka Ruhango]], United Stars FC iri mu Itsinda C rya Shampiyona y’Icyiciro cya Kabiri hamwe na Vision Fc, [[Esperance Fc|Espérance FC]], [[UR Fc|UR FC]] na [[Vision Jeunesse Nouvelle|Vision Jeunesse Nouvelle FC]] ikaba iherutse guhagarika umutoza wayo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/united-stars-y-i-ruhango-yahagaritse-umutoza-wayo-ukekwaho-ubutinganyi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921174501/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/united-stars-y-i-ruhango-yahagaritse-umutoza-wayo-ukekwaho-ubutinganyi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 2kuotvsboqdef7hvv76hdhl2vevcjkb 0 12909 136974 114114 2026-09-14T13:10:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136974 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LSU football game.jpg|thumb|ikibuga]] [[Dosiye:U20-WorldCup2007-Okotie-Onka.JPG|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] Sorwathe Fc ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ibarizwa mu cyiciro cy'akabiri ikaba ibarizwa i Kinihira.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94040/intare-fa-sorwathe-fc-na-kirehe-ntari-mu-makipe-azakina-shampiyona-yicyiciro-cya-kabiri-20-94040.html</ref> [[Dosiye:RulindoDist.png|center|thumb|Aho ikipe ya Sorwathe ibarizwa|378x378px]] == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] qgf9sf1mlsvp10yaz4u2o0ykxfqx6fc 0 12913 136934 135304 2026-09-14T13:09:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136934 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Davis D''' umwe mu bahanzi nya[[Rwanda]] bakunzwe n'abakobwa benshi aho we yiyita '''[[umwami]]''' w'abana cyangwa se w'abakobwa. Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|umuhanzi]] ubundi ubusanzwe yitwa '''Icyishaka David''' yavutse m[[umwaka|u mwaka]] 1993 [[Werurwe]] tariki 23 mu [[Akarere ka Huye|karere ka Huye.]] Uy[[Umuhanzi Kamariza|u muhanzi]] yatangiye urugendo rwe rwa muzika m[[umwaka|u mwaka]] 2014 aho yaratangiye kumenyekana aho yakoraga indirimbo ye ya mbere yitwa "Kana ka maman" aho mu mwaka 2015 yakoze iyitwa " Biryogo"<ref>https://mdundo.com/a/176500</ref> == Amateka aranga umuhanzi Davis D == Umuhanzi '''Icyishaka David''' uzwi cyane ku izina rya Davis D azwi mu njyana nyA[[afurika|furika]] yatangiye m[[umwaka|u mwaka]] wa 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ingingo-10-zitandukanye-abakeba |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922065516/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ingingo-10-zitandukanye-abakeba |url-status=dead }}</ref>icyakora ntiyahise abasha gushyira hanze [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ze kuko ikibazo cy'amikoro cyari ingorabahizi. Mu [[Makadamiya|mwaka]] wa 2012 nibwo yatangiye gushyira hanze [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ze ariko ntizicurangwe cyangwa ngo zikundwe. Davis D asanga kuririmba injyana ab'ubu bisangamo bidahagije aho we yagerageje gukora ibishoboka kugira ngo n'[[Abaturukiya|abakuru]] abashakire [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] zibakumbuza ibihe byabo bakiri abasore<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/davis-d-ngo-azanye-umwihariko-w-indirimbo-zikumbuza-abakuze-amateka-ya-cyera</ref> Mu [[Makawo|mwaka]] wa 2014 nibwo uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] yumvikanye n'itsinda rigari rya "All Star Music" ryari riyobowe na Nizzo Kaboss wo muri Urban Boyz bashaka kumufasha icyo gihe nibwo uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] wari ukizamuka yashyize hanze indirimbo ye yise "Biryogo" ari nayo yatumye anamenyekana akaba icyamamare mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]. Nyuma yaho uyu muhanzi yashyize hanze izindi [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|ndirimbo]] zagiye zimenyekana cyane nka "Mariya Kaliza,Ma people n'izindi zigiye zitandukanye. Mu [[Makadamiya|mwaka]] wa 2016 nibwo uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] yaje kwinjira muri "Incredible Record" yamufashaga gutunganya imiziki.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75238/pggss7-preview-amateka-n-ibigwi-bya-davis-d-umwe-mu-bahatani-75238.html</ref> Davis D mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] wa 2022 yateguye igitaramo gikomeye nyuma yo gukomwa mu nkokora n'icyorezo cya '''covid19''' cyangije gahunda ye yateguraga.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113883/davis-d-agiye-gukora-igitaramo-cyamateka-cyo-kumurika-album-113883.html</ref> == Iby'ifungwa rya davis d == Davis D yaje kugwirwa n'ibyago ubwo taliki ya 21 [[Mata]] mu mwaka 2021 nibwo humvikanye itabwa muri yombi ry'[[Umuhanzi Kamariza|umuhanzi]] Kevin kade, nyuma y'iminsi itatu gusa taliki ya 24 [[Mata]] mu mwaka 2021 nibwo inzego z'umutekano zaguye gitumo Davis D mu rugo iwe mu [[akarere ka Kicukiro|karere ka Kicukiro]] nawe ajyanwa gufungwa aho bakurikiranwagaho [[Icyaha cy'umwimerere|icyaha]] cyo gusambanya [[umwana]] utarageza [[Umwaka|imyaka]] y'ubukure. Gusa tariki 14 [[Gicurasi]] mu mwaka 2021 urukiko rw'ibanze rwa Nyarugenge rwategetseko Kevin Kade, Davis D na mugenzi wabo Habimana Thierry barekurwa by'agateganyo ku cyaha baribakurikiranyweho twavuze hejuru. <ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/davis-d-yasubije-wa-mukobwa-bivugwa-ko-yamufungishije/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] e358j9q85ddpy7342w45e5y8resa2ul 0 12926 136781 118147 2026-09-14T13:05:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136781 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nkusi Arthur''' ni [[Umugabekazi|umugabo]] wumunya[[Rwanda Tribune|rwanda]] akaba ari umunyarwenya wakunzwe nabataribake hano mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse n'imahanga. Uyu mugabo yavutse tariki 22 [[Mutarama]] 1990,ni mwene Mpazimaka Jones Kennedy na Kibuuka Herriet akaba avuka mumuryango w'[[Abamasayi|abana]] 6.kuri ubu uyu [[Umugore|musore]] yamaze kurushinga na Miss Mutoni Fiona Naringwa.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/urukundo-rukomeje-kuvuza-ubuhuha-hagati-ya-arthur-nkusi-na-fiona-amafoto</ref> == Amateka amuranga == Nkusi Arthur akomoka m[[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA|umuryango]] w'ibyamamare uhereye kuri se umubyara Mpazimaka Kennedy wa menyekanye mu ikinamico na sinema ndetse no gusobanura [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] mu [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]].ndetse na mukuruwe Sintex umaze kwiyegurira imitima yabeshi mu [[Rwanda Mountain Tea|Rwanda]]. Uy[[Umugore|umusore]] ubundi yizihiza isabukuru ye yamavuko ishuro ebyeri mu mwaka.ubundi yavutse tariki 22 [[Mutarama]] 1990 ariko mugihe papa we yuzuzaga ama fishi yaribeshye yandika 22 [[Nyakanga]] 1990.kuberako nawe ariko yakomeje kujya ayuzuza ahantu heshi hatandukanye byatumye abashuti biwe bayizihiza kwiyo tariki nawe arabereka ubwo akaba ayizihiza kabiri mu mwaka<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108600/amateka-yubuzima-bwa-nkusi-arthur-warushinze-na-miss-muthoni-fiona-amafoto-108600.html</ref> Uyu mugabo wakunzwe nabatari bake <ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/arthur-nkusi/</ref>yakoraga kuri [[Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye|radiyo]] yarikunzwe cyane mu [[Rwandair|Rwanda]] yitwa "KISS FM"gusa mu ijoro ryo kuwakane tariki 23 Ukoboza 2021 nibwo yaje gutangaza kumbuga nkoranyambaga ziwe ko atakiri gukorera kurino [[Radio Studio 54 Network|radiyo]] ya "KISS FM" <ref>https://bwiza.com/?Umunyamakuru-Nkusi-Arthur-Rutura-ntabwo-azongera-kumvikana-kuri-Kiss-FM</ref>ibitarishimiwe nabakunze gusa nawe nago yaraziko harigihe kizagera akaba atakibarizwa kwiyo [[Radiyo Muhabura|radiyo]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112881/nkusi-arthur-yasezeye-kuri-kiss-fm-112881.html</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] nftj9yloy91bz5qxea75nutu0bqztd6 0 12948 136935 101310 2026-09-14T13:09:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136935 wikitext text/x-wiki Hakizimana Adolphe ni umunyezamu w’ikipe y’igihugu y’abatarengeje imyaka 23, avugako mu [[Rwanda]] bagiye muri [[Libiya]] kwerekana icyo bashoboye kuko babizi neza ko iyi mikino ari n’imwe mu nzira yo kubafungurira imiryango mu ikipe y’igihugu nkuru [[Amavubi]], umusazwe akaba ari umunyezamu w’ikipe ya [[Rayon sports fc]].<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/tugomba-kwerekana-ko-hari-icyo-dushoboye-umunyezamu-adolphe-hakizimana</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] r31qla7mt8olk43v6hwmm9hl8lu6fyx 0 12949 136782 126432 2026-09-14T13:05:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musabwa Patrick''' bakunze kwita '''Kitoko''' yavutse tariki 12 [[Nzeri]] 1985, avukira ahitwa Kazibwa mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo]] mu cyahoze ari [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Zaire]]. Kitoko ni umuhanzi nya[[Rwanda-Urundi|rwanda]] uririmba [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] zikunzwe na benshi mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no mu karere.<ref>http://rw.bangmedia.org/2012/04/kitoko-musabwa-patrick-aka-kitoko.html?m=1</ref> [[Dosiye:Kitoko.jpg|thumb|right|Musabwa Patrick uzwi nka Kitoko]] == Amateka y'ubuzima bwe == Kitoko yatangiye [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] y'incuke I Nimazita, Mu karere ka Nyabikere mu gihugu cy' [[Uburundi]] nyuma aza kurangiriza [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|amashuri]] y'isumbuye I [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]] mu ntara y'Amajyepfo mu [[Rwanda]], akomereza [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] y'isumbuye mu kigo cya Espanya cyo mu mugi wa [[Nyanza (Akarere)|Nyanza]] mu ntara y'Amajyepfo, ari naho yarangirije mu ishami ry'icunga mutungo, uretse [[umwaka]] umwe wo muwa gatanu yavuzeko yagiye kwiga mu cyahoze ari Cyangugu kubera impamvu ze. [[Dosiye:Kitoko_11.jpg|thumb|right|Kitoko aho yari i Londere mu Bwongereza.]] Kitoko yaje gutangira muzika mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] wa 2008 ubwo yarasoje kwiga [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] y'isumbuye.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/106895/menya-kitoko-bibarwa-wagiriye-amahirwe-nigikundiro-mu-muziki-nyarwanda-ariko-kuri-ubu-akab-106895.html</ref> Kitoko yaje gusohora [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] muri uwo mwaka yitwa "Ikiragi" ariyo yamushyize ku rwego rukomeye muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]]. == Uko yatunguwe n'abanyarwanda nyuma yo kugaruka mu gihugu == Kitoko ubundi utarusanzwe akibarizwa mu [[Rwanda Cricket Stadium|Rwanda]] aho yagiye m[[Ubwongereza|u bwongereza]] mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] wa 2013 aho yari yaragiye gukomereza ibijyanye n'amasomo ye, yaje kugaruka mu mwaka wa 2017, ubwo yageraga ku kibuga mpuzamahanga cy'indege cya [[Kigali]] i Kanombe yakiranywe urugwiro n'inshuti n'abavandimwe ndetse na bamwe mu bahanzi.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imyidagaduro/article/kitoko-yakiranywe-urugwiro-rukomeye-ubwo-yagarukaga-mu-rwanda-amafoto</ref> == Urugendo rw'urukundo rwe == Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] ukundwa <ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/irebere-uburanga-bw-umukunzi-wa-kitoko-bateganya-ku-rushinga-amafoto</ref> n'abatari bake mu [[Rwanda]], ariko cyane cyane [[Igitsina cy’umugabo|igitsina]] gore kubera igihagararo cye ndetse n'ijwi ryiza afite ubu abarizwa mu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/kitoko-yemeje-ko-ari-hafi-gushinga-urugo</ref> bwa mbere na mbere yerekanye amafoto asomana n'umukobwa<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://amazuku.com/umuhanzi-kitoko-witegura-kurushinga-yashyize-hanze-ifoto-ari-gusomana-byimbitse-numukunzi-we/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922153347/https://amazuku.com/umuhanzi-kitoko-witegura-kurushinga-yashyize-hanze-ifoto-ari-gusomana-byimbitse-numukunzi-we/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> bakundana kumugaragaro binavugwa ko baribafitanye ubukwe<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kitoko-yerekanye-umukobwa-bitegura-kurushinga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922153349/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kitoko-yerekanye-umukobwa-bitegura-kurushinga |url-status=dead }}</ref> mu mwaka wa 2020<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kissfm.rw/bwa-mbere-kitoko-yerekanye-umukobwa-bakundana/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922153347/https://kissfm.rw/bwa-mbere-kitoko-yerekanye-umukobwa-bakundana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro rusange == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] 1osw3rmg1joghzo6cmjhkp5rhxvpn6z 0 12958 136783 128089 2026-09-14T13:05:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136783 wikitext text/x-wiki Kirasa Alain yavutse mu mwaka 1975 ni umugabo akaba umutoza w'umupira w'amaguru wavukiye mu igihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], Arubatse afite umugore umwe n’abana bane b’abahungu bose, Kirasa avuka ku babyeyi batandukanye ku bwene gihugu, kuko mama umubyara ni umunyarwandakazi, mu gihe papa we ari umurundi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/09/bimwe-mu-bitaramenyekanye-kuri-kirasa-alain-utoza-police-wakiniye-apr-fc-interview/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922204844/https://umuseke.rw/2021/09/bimwe-mu-bitaramenyekanye-kuri-kirasa-alain-utoza-police-wakiniye-apr-fc-interview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri yize == [[Dosiye:BUJUMBURA-BURUNDI BINDOVILLE 11.jpg|thumb|Kirasa yavukiye mu Burundi|336x336px]] Kirasa Alain Amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, uyu mutoza yayigiye mu gihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]]. Mu mashuri yisumbuye yize ibijyanye n’Ubutabire (Biochimie) hanyuma ageze muri Kaminuza yiga ibijyanye no kuvura amatungo n’ibindi bijyana na byo (Agronomy Faculty), Aya mashuri yisumbuye yayize mu gihugu cy’u Burundi, ariko nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1995, ni bwo Kirasa n’umuryango we baje mu Rwanda hanyuma uyu mutoza ahita akomereza amasomo ye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]].<ref name=":0" /> == Mu mupira wamaguru == Kirasa yatangiye gukina [[umupira w’amaguru]] igihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], Atangira mu yitwaga Fantastic, azamukira mu yitwaga Rumuri FC ubu yabaye LLB yigeze kuba ikipe ya Kaminuza Nkuru y’i Burundi, Uyu mutoza yakiniye amakipe arimo Prince Louis FC y’i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] mbere y’uko aza mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1995, yahise ajya mu ikipe y’[[Intare Fc|Intare FC]] icyo gihe yabarizwaga mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] ikayoborwa na Gen. Kazura Jean Bosco, Mu 1996, ni bwo Kirasa yatangiye gukinira ikipe ya [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]]  yakinaga mu Cyiciro cya Mbere ndetse we n’ikipe ye banakora amateka yo gutsinda [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports FC]] icyo gihe, Nyuma y’umyaka ahita yerekeza mu kipe ya [[Mukura Victory Sports|Mukura V.S]] mu mwaka wa 1998-1999, nyuma yahise yerekeza muri [[APR FC]] yatozwaga na Haribakare Bodouin (Ndindi) ahatwara ibikombe, kubera ikibazo cy’amikoro cyatumye abakinnyi benshi bakerekeza mu yandi m'akipe Kirasa Alain, yahise yerekeza mu ikipe ya Les Citadins FC ([[AS Kigali|AS Kigali FC]]) ndetse bitewe n’uko yari yarasoje kwiga Kaminuza ahita ahabwa akazi mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali]] kandi akomeza no gukina, yahatwaye [[Igikombe cy’Amahoro]] ari kumwe n’umutoza Sogonya Hamiss Cyishi, ari naho yahagarikira no gukina umupira w’amaguru.<ref name=":0" /> == Mu ikipe y'igihugu == Kirasa Alain Ubwo yakinaga mu gihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]] akiri muto, yagize amahirwe yo guhamagarwa mu makipe y’abakiri bato y’igihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]] uhereye ku kipe ya U17, U20, ariko ntagire amahirwe yo kujya mu bakinnyi 18 bakina umukino, Kirasa kandi, yavuze ko mu [[Rwanda]] naho atabonye amahirwe yo gukinira Ikipe y’Igihugu, [[Amavubi]] ariko amakipe y’abato yose yagiye amuhamagara ariko ntabone umwanya mu bakinnyi 18 ba nyuma, ahanini bitewe n’amasomo ye, Ubwo u [[Rwanda]] rwakiraga imikino ya Cecafa y’Ibihugu, hari amakipe abiri arimo: Rwanda A na Rwanda B, icyo gihe uyu mutoza yahamagawe muri Rwanda B ariko ntiyabona umwanya wo kujya ku rutonde rw’abakinnyi bakoreshejwe, Icyo gihe Rwanda B yatozwaga n’umutoza Rudasingwa Longin wanatoje [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports FC]].<ref name=":0" /> == Mu gutoza == Kirasa Alain Mu mwaka 2010, ni bwo uyu mutoza yajyaga mu ikipe ya KIST FC icyo gihe yakinaga mu Cyiciro cya Mbere yatozwaga n’umutoza Muhire Hassan, Icyo gihe Kirasa yahise atangira kungiriza Hassan ariko uwo mwaka ntabwo umutoza mukuru yawusoreje muri iyi kipe kubera ibyo atumvikanyeho n’Ubuyobozi, hanyuma Kirasa ayisigarana atyo nk’umutoza mukuru, Uwo mwaka, basoje bafite amanota meza yabemereraga kuguma mu Cyiciro cya Mbere, Umwaka wakurikiyeho, ni bwo Ubuyobozi bwa KIST bwahise bukura ikipe mu Cyiciro cya Mbere kubera ikibazo cy’amikoro, hanyuma uyu mutoza na we ahitamo kujya gukora ibindi aba ahagaritse ibyo gutoza, Nyuma y’indi myaka itatu atari mu butoza, ni bwo yaje kongera gutangira gutoza amakipe y’abana i Kinyinya afatanya n’umugabo witwa Samuel wigeze kuyobora Vitalo’o FC y’i Burundi ndetse na Gakuba Andrew, ahatoza imyaka igera kuri itatu, Nyuma y’aho, uyu mutoza yaje kujya  mu kipe ya [[Heroes Fc|Heroes FC]] ikina mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri, Icyo gihe yayoborwaga na Fidèle ukiyiyobora kugeza magingo aya, bageze mu mikino ya ¼ cy’irangiza basezererwa n’ikipe ya [[Rwamagana Fc]], nyuma yo kuva mu kipe ya [[Heroes Fc|Heroes FC]], yahise ahabwa icyizere cyo kujya kungiriza umutoza Cassa Mbungo Andre muri [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|Kiyovu Sports]] yavuyemo yerekeza muri [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] ubu ari muri [[Police Fc]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/habimana-sosthene-na-kirasa-alain-bagizwe-abatoza-b-amavubi-y-abatarengeje-imyaka-23</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/kirasa-alain-yamaze-kugirwa-umutoza-wungirije-wa-rayon-sports</ref> == Impamyabushobozi afite == [[Dosiye:Flag of FIFA.svg|thumb|Ikirango cya FIFA]] Kirasa Alain yagiye akora amahugurwa atandukanye ari ku rwego rwa CAF na FIFA, Kugeza ubu ni umutoza uri ku rwego rwa License  C CAF yabonye mu 2015, Yagiye mu mahugurwa ya FIFA yo kongerera abakinnyi ingufu (Physical trainer) n’andi mahugurwa atandukanye yagiye akora nyuma y’aho yari amaze kujya mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Abatoza mu Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago]] pdvanzn76beu4augewt9d05cz5un46l 0 12961 137014 87594 2026-09-14T13:11:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137014 wikitext text/x-wiki Ndikumana Hamad witwaga Katauti yavutse 5 Ukwakira 1978 – yapfuye 15 Ugushyingo 2017, ni umukinnyi wamamaye cyane hano mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse yanakiniye ikipe y’igihugu Amavubi, akaba yarakiniye amakipe atandukanye harimo [[Rayon sports fc]] aranayitoza hamwe na [[Musanze Fc]], nandi m'akipe menshi y'iburayi, yakoze ubukwe bw’agatangaza na Oprah bwabereye muri [[Tanzaniya]], urugo rwabo ntirwarabye kuko aba bombi batandukanye bamaze kubyarana umwana umwe w’umuhungu bise Krish Ndikumana.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/146022/Latest%20News/former-amavubi-captain-hamad-ndikumana-dead</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ibya-nyuma-katauti-yavuganye-na-oprah-wamuroteye-gupfa-agatuka-nyirabukwe</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/ndikumana-hamad-katauti-na-bonaventure-gangi-bitabye-imana</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago]] by7pv41petcf9brq89s08yryi2qmb69 0 12975 136784 109361 2026-09-14T13:05:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136784 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Football matches, Mullaghmore - geograph.org.uk - 4614354.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga cyumupira wamaguru Kalisa Francois yakiniyeho]] Kalisa Francois yabaye umutoza wa [[Kirehe Fc|Kirehe FC]] na [[Gasogi United]].<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/kirehe-fc-yirukanye-uwari-umutoza-wayo/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/lomami-marcel-na-kalisa-francois-ntibakiri-abatoza-ba-gasogi-united</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] t4a5qqbkclbalcoxb5z0ibkvlyx7rxl 0 12985 136867 107368 2026-09-14T13:07:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136867 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:IKIRANGO_CY'UBUKUNGU_MURI_MUHANGA_01.jpg|thumb|MURI MUHANGA ]] Nonde Mohamed aherutse kugirwa umutoza wa [[A.S muhanga|AS Muhanga]] ikomeje kwitegura Shampiyona y’Icyiciro cya Kabiri, akaba yari watsindiye guhabwa akazi nk’umwe mu batoza b’Ishuri ry’Umupira w’Amaguru ry’Ikipe ya Paris Saint-Germain rizakorera i Huye, nyuma arasezera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nonde-yasezeye-mu-batoza-ba-academie-ya-psg-mu-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923132228/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nonde-yasezeye-mu-batoza-ba-academie-ya-psg-mu-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/paris-saint-germain-yashyizeho-abatoza-n-abayobozi-b-ishuri-ryayo-mu-rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] lkxfrgcanx8dcwao4347ucuhex27r6g 0 13031 136820 118294 2026-09-14T13:06:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136820 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makonikoshwa''' n'izina ritazibagirana mu muryango nyarwanda aho irizina rifite ibigwi bikomeye muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]]. Makonikoshwa ni umuhanzi nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]] watangiriye umuziki muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] mu mwaka wa 2004 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924144235/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |url-status=dead }}</ref>aza kwimukira mu [[Rwanda]] aho ya- komokaga ariko atarahakuriye. Uyu mugabo ntago yabashije kwiga amashuri y'isumbuye ngo ayarangize kubera ubuzima bubi yagiriye mugihugu cya Uganda aho ababyeyi be bitabye Imana akiri muto. == Amateka == === Urugendo rw'ubuzima === Makonikoshwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20220928085928/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki nyuma y’uko ubuzima bw’ishuri]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928085928/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |url-status=dead }}</ref> bwanze yatangiye kubaho mu bushaririye, yaje kwimukira Kampala aho yanatangiriye gukina umupira nyuma aza kuririmba. Uyu muhanzi avuga ko [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73540/makonikoshwa-yashenguwe-n-abantu-baramutse-bamubika-ko-yapfu-73540.html yagiye mu muziki]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73540/makonikoshwa-yashenguwe-n-abantu-baramutse-bamubika-ko-yapfu-73540.html</ref> aherekeje umusore w’inshuti ye wavaga mu muryango w’abakire. Uwari waherekejwe kuririmba neza byaramunaniye bituma Makonikoshwa amufasha muri studio, byaje kurangira ubuhanga yagaragaje butumye bashwana. Mu umwaka wa 2017 Gashyantare tariki ya 8 uyu muhanzi bitewe ni rwara yaramaranye igihe kinini yaramuhejeje mu gitanda hari amakuru yasakaye ko y'itabye Imana gusa ntabwo byaribyo kuko uyu mugabo ikinyamakuru cy'itwa Inyarwanda.com cyamuhamagaye kuri telefone yiwe ngendanwa arayitaba avugako ibyo bavuga ataribyo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73540/makonikoshwa-yashenguwe-n-abantu-baramutse-bamubika-ko-yapfu-73540.html</ref> uyu mugabo ya menyekanye cyane mu ndirimbo zirimo n'izi " Nkunda kuragira, Nkutekerezaho, ndetse n'izindi nyishi. <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/makonikoshwa-yanyomoje-amakuru-avuga-ko-yakennye-akabura-amafaranga-yo-gukora</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Indirimbo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] qw8lsl0khn5t0vdeby9dzvdbypfxy99 0 13032 136905 118136 2026-09-14T13:08:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MC Mahoniboni''' ni izina rikomeye muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Rwacu|rwanda]] ariko kugeza ubu ritacyumvikana muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/93739/mc-mahoniboni-mu-bahanzi-bakunzwe-mu-rwanda-bazimiriye-mu-mahanga-93739.html</ref>. Uyu ni [[Umugano|umugabo]] wakoze [[Amateka ku yahoze ari Gereza ya Nyarugenge 1930|amateka]] akomeye mu [[Rwanda]] aho yakundishije abanya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]] ijyana ya "Hiphop".[[Amazina nyarwanda|amazina]] ye yitwa Bienvenue Mahoro Ruhungande yavutse mu [[Makadamiya|mwaka]] 1982 avuka mu muryango w'abakobwa babiri n'abahungu babiri. == Amateka == Uyu [[Umugabekazi|mugabo]] wamenyekanye cyane mu jyana ya "Hiphop" yatangiye gushyira hanze ibihangano bye mu mwaka 1997, mu mwaka 1999 yasohoye [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ye yise "Malariya ni indwara y'icyorezo kandi yica" iyi [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|ndirimbo]] yanakoreshejwe na [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|minisiteri]] y'[[ubuzima]] muri gahunda yo kurwanya malariya mu mwaka 2000. [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|Indirimbo]] zatumye arushaho kumenyekana mu Rwanda ni "Kubakizina,Twitabire imirimo" n'izindi nyishi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924144235/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Uyu mugabo mu mwaka 2009 yaje kwerekeza mu Buholande. == AMWE MU MAGAMBO YA MUVUZWEHO == Umuraperi Diplomate ahamyako mugenzi we MC Mahoniboni yakoze akazi gakomeye mugukundisha aba nha [[Rwanda]] ijyana ya Hiphop bityo akaba amufata nku mu raperi mwiza ukomeye u [[Rwanda Mountain Tea|Rwanda]] rwagize mubihe bye . Diplomate avugako Mc Mahoniboni akwiye icyubahiro utabyemera ibyo ngo biramureba<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/55951/mc-mahoniboni-akwiye-icyubahiro-ku-bw-ibikorwa-yakoze-abatabyemera-birabareba-diplomate-55951.html</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Indirimbo]] 3k7uix80g6hjjzmdp4211tqz2wxa03o 137081 136905 2026-09-14T13:17:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137081 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MC Mahoniboni''' ni izina rikomeye muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Rwacu|rwanda]] ariko kugeza ubu ritacyumvikana muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/93739/mc-mahoniboni-mu-bahanzi-bakunzwe-mu-rwanda-bazimiriye-mu-mahanga-93739.html</ref>. Uyu ni [[Umugano|umugabo]] wakoze [[Amateka ku yahoze ari Gereza ya Nyarugenge 1930|amateka]] akomeye mu [[Rwanda]] aho yakundishije abanya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]] ijyana ya "Hiphop".[[Amazina nyarwanda|amazina]] ye yitwa Bienvenue Mahoro Ruhungande yavutse mu [[Makadamiya|mwaka]] 1982 avuka mu muryango w'abakobwa babiri n'abahungu babiri. == Amateka == Uyu [[Umugabekazi|mugabo]] wamenyekanye cyane mu jyana ya "Hiphop" yatangiye gushyira hanze ibihangano bye mu mwaka 1997, mu mwaka 1999 yasohoye [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ye yise "Malariya ni indwara y'icyorezo kandi yica" iyi [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|ndirimbo]] yanakoreshejwe na [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|minisiteri]] y'[[ubuzima]] muri gahunda yo kurwanya malariya mu mwaka 2000. [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|Indirimbo]] zatumye arushaho kumenyekana mu Rwanda ni "Kubakizina,Twitabire imirimo" n'izindi nyishi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924144235/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Uyu mugabo mu mwaka 2009 yaje kwerekeza mu Buholande. == Amwe mu magambo ya muvuzweho == Umuraperi Diplomate ahamyako mugenzi we MC Mahoniboni yakoze akazi gakomeye mugukundisha aba nha [[Rwanda]] ijyana ya Hiphop bityo akaba amufata nku mu raperi mwiza ukomeye u [[Rwanda Mountain Tea|Rwanda]] rwagize mubihe bye . Diplomate avugako Mc Mahoniboni akwiye icyubahiro utabyemera ibyo ngo biramureba<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/55951/mc-mahoniboni-akwiye-icyubahiro-ku-bw-ibikorwa-yakoze-abatabyemera-birabareba-diplomate-55951.html</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Indirimbo]] n1d2yasf796lrlr3qirkf2vcdrx9h84 0 13039 136975 124162 2026-09-14T13:10:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''P Fla''' ni umwe mu baraperi u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] rufite bakomeye muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]] mujyana ya Hiphop<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/riderman-yasubije-p-fla-wavuze-ko-we-na-amag-the-black-atari-abaraperi/</ref>, uyu [[Umugabekazi|mugabo]] ubundi ubusanzwe yitwa Murerwa Amani Hakizimana ariko akaba akoresha izina P Fla muruhando rwa muzika. Uyu [[Umugano|mugabo]] yavutse mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] wa 1983 avukira mu mujyi wa [[Kigali City Tower|Kigali]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/p-fla-kugenda-amahanga-gereza-ibiyobyabwenge-guhinduka.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925143456/https://ar.umuseke.rw/p-fla-kugenda-amahanga-gereza-ibiyobyabwenge-guhinduka.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amateka amuranga == Murerwa Amani Hakizimana wamenyekanye cyane nka P Fla [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza yagiye ayiga ahantu heshi hatandukanye kuko iwabo bakundaga kwimuka kubera akazi ababyeyi be bakoraga. Primaire ya yitangiriye muri Ecole [[Françoise Ellong|Francaise]] I [[Butare]] banyuzamo bajya I Cyangugu ariko bagaruka I [[Butare]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/shira-amatsiko-ku-buzima-p-fla-yabayemo-i-burayi-uko-yirukanywe-akagezwa-i |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925143456/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/shira-amatsiko-ku-buzima-p-fla-yabayemo-i-burayi-uko-yirukanywe-akagezwa-i |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenocide]] yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] mu 1994 yakomereje [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza muri [[Libiya|Libya]] aho umubyeyi we Andre Bumaya yari yagizwe ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda-Urundi|Rwanda]], aha niho yayarangirije anatangira ayisumbuye. Mu 1998 P Fla yagarutse mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ahakomereza [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|a]] yisumbuye muri Group Scolaire Officiel de [[Perefegitura ya Butare|Butare]]. Nyuma yaje kwerekeza muri [[Noruveje|Norvege]], aho niho yarangirije [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] y'isumbuye mu ishami ry[[Amategeko ngenga mikorere/ Inteko/Abakandida|'amategeko]]. [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|Indirimbo]] ye yambere yayikoze agarutse mu [[Rwanda]] muri 2008 avuye muri [[Noruveje|Norvege]] aho yakoze [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] yitwa "Ntuzankinishe" yakozwe na BZB wo muri TFP. Nzamukosha Hadidja ni umubyeyi w'umuraperi P Fla aho yatunguwe no kubona [[umwana]] we PFla akora umuziki kuko ngo nago yaraziko [[umwana]] we yajya mubyo kuririmba kuko yaraziko azaba umunyabujyeni ushushanya<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/mama-wa-p-fla-yavuze-ku-mpano-z-umuhungu-wamutunguye-aba-umuraperi</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010 P Fla yakoze igitaramo cyo kumurika album ye yise "Naguhaye imbaraga" muri St Andre aho yakoreye agera muri million ya mafranga y'u [[RWANDA GREEN FUND|Rwanda]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87950/p-fla-yasubiye-mu-mateka-yivuga-imyato-anatsa-umuriro-kuri-riderman-amushinja-kwibeshyera--87950.html</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Indirimbo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] kyhvhbfunccun3byyyn9xneh7hagz6k 0 13091 136906 118168 2026-09-14T13:08:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136906 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rund um Köln 2022 108.jpg|thumb|Stradalli-Bike Aid ikipe Hadi Janvier yakiniraga ]] [[Dosiye:Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenges 2021 - véhicule Bike Aid.jpg|thumb|Stradalli-Bike Aid]] [[Dosiye:AAmasiganwa.jpg|thumb|Igare]] '''Hadi Janvier''' w’imyaka 26 uyu musore yari  kapiteni w’ikipe y’igihugu y’u [[Rwanda]] yo gusiganwa ku magare muri [[Tour du Rwanda]] za 2014 na 2015, yari yarasezeye umukino w’[[Igare|amagare]] avuga ko akandamizwa n’abayobora ikipe y’igihugu Ferwacy na [[Team Rwanda cycling|Team Rwanda]] ariko nyuma y’umwaka yasabye imbabazi avuga ko ashaka kongera gukina, wari umaze no kugera ku rwego rwo gukina mu ikipe y’ababigize umwuga ku mugabane w’u [[Burayi]] ya Stradalli-Bike Aid yo mu [[Ubudage|Budage]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/hadi-janvier-yasabye-imbabazi-abayobozi-ba-ferwacy-yasebeje |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927155059/https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/hadi-janvier-yasabye-imbabazi-abayobozi-ba-ferwacy-yasebeje |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/hadi-janvier-yasabye-minispoc-gutera-inkunga-triathron</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/menya-ikintu-cyababaje-hadi-janvier-mu-mukino-w-amagare</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] 148fs6uksho79rges2wv5ygk6hgwabk 0 13182 136785 127842 2026-09-14T13:05:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136785 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ikipe ya Les Amis Sportifs Tuyizere akinira]] Tuyizere Hashim umukinnyi mu mukino w'igare, ubarizwa mu ikipe ya [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportifs yi Rwamagana]] akaba yarabaye uwa mbere muri [[Kibugabuga Race|irushanwa rya Kibugabuga]] mu ingimbi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004053517/http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-begukanye-kibugabuga-race/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928065220/https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-begukanye-kibugabuga-race/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] fkj12s9z9dgrabxaatbnlgp4ab56i96 0 13183 136868 128008 2026-09-14T13:07:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136868 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ikipe ya amagare ya les amis sportifs Mushimiyimana akinira]] Mushimiyimana Jean Bosco umukinnyi mu mukino w'igare, ubarizwa mu ikipe ya [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportifs yi Rwamagana]] akaba yarabaye uwa kabili mu ingimbi m' i[[Kibugabuga Race|rushanwa rya Kibugabuga race]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004053517/http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-begukanye-kibugabuga-race/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928065220/https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-begukanye-kibugabuga-race/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] jvp192mppbnb4l771l0shnk89kcytps 0 13222 136936 118153 2026-09-14T13:09:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyarwaya Innocent''' wa menyekankanye cyane kwizina rya "YAGO" ni umunyamukuru w'umunya[[Rwanda Mountain Tea|rwanda]] uri muri bamwe bakomeye mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inkanga.com/urutonde-rwabanyamakuru-11-bakunzwe-bavuga-rikijyana-mu-myidagaduro-yo-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2022-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930074425/https://inkanga.com/urutonde-rwabanyamakuru-11-bakunzwe-bavuga-rikijyana-mu-myidagaduro-yo-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> uyu munyamakuru yakoreye ibitangaza makuru bigiye bitandukanye birimo Goodrich Tv, Radio&Tv10 ubu akaba afite umuyoboro we wa youtube channel aho yawitiriye izina rye "YAGO TV SHOW" Ubu iri muri eshatu zambere zikunzwe cyane mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]. Uyu muyoboro wa Nyarwaya Innocent waje gusibwa kumuyoboro wa youtube aho hari abamuregaga ibintu byishi bigiye bitandulanye bakaza gutuma channel ye isibwa burundu kuri YouTube .<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/yago-tv-show-yaba-yamaze-gusibwa-burundu-kuri-youtube-cyangwa-ni-amatakirangoyi</ref> gusa nubwo yaje gusibwa Yago yakomeje arwana intambara arebako yagaruka kumuyoboro we aho yarafite groupe yabantu bari bari kumufasha ngo bayigaruze nyuma tariki 15 [[Mutarama]] 2022 umuyoboro we waje kugaruka ahita ana nyuzaho ikiganiro cye bwite asobanura byishi kubyihishe inyuma yi hagarikwa ry'umuyoboro we.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/yago-tv-show-channel-yagarutse-nyirayo-akomoza-ku-babiri-inyuma</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Itangazamakuru]] mmw996iklxvjtsrysp3t344emqfti4y 0 13224 136869 99298 2026-09-14T13:07:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136869 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Rwandan Epic irushanwa mpuzamahanga ry’amagare yo mu misozi, itegurwa na Rwanda Alternative Riding Events (RAR Events) ku bufatanye n’[[Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda rya magare|Ishyirahamwe ry’Umukino w’Amagare]] mu Rwanda ([[FERWACY]]), ubu ryari rigizwe n’uduce dutanu aho ryatwawe n'umunyarwanda [[Habimana Jean Eric|HABIMANA Jean Eric]] ndetse n’umudage Karl Platt.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/amagare-rwandan-epic-izatangirana-n-ugushyingo-2022</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] anspdyegvobv8eg070kwlsjomooivg7 0 13238 136821 88414 2026-09-14T13:06:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136821 wikitext text/x-wiki Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem, impirimbanyi y' ubumwe bw' Afurika yavutse 1961 atabaruka 2009, ni umunyafurika wavukiye muri Nigeria. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajudeen_Abdul-Raheem</ref> == Amateka == Uyu mugabo yavutse muri 1961, yabaye impirimbanyi y' ubumwe bw' Afurika mubyerekeranye na politike, ubukungu n' uburezi. yabaye umunyamabanga mukuru wa Pan- African movement ndetse n' umuyobozi mukuru muri Afurika yunze ubumwe ushinzwe ubutabera. yitabye Imana mu kwezi kwa gatanu 24 muri 2009 mu murwa mukuru wa Kenya azize impanuka y' imodoka ubwo, yerekezaga ku kibuga cy' indege, yari agiye mu rugendo mu Rwanda aho yari aje guhura na Nyakubahwa perezida wa repubulika y' u Rwanda Paul KAGAME. Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem yari umunyamakuru n' uwanditse w' umwuga. === Amashuri yize === * Yise amashuri abanza n' ayisumbuye iwabo mu ishuri rya Funtua. * muri 1980-1982 yize muri kaminuza ya Bayero muri Nigeria yiga politike. * kaminuza ya Oxford ni naho yakuye impamyabushobozi y' ikirenga muri politike. <ref>https://africanarguments.org/2009/05/in-memoriam-tajudeen-abdul-raheem-2/</ref> == Amashakiro: == mr8i1x3bigcf0pl6nrkkden3yb4bte1 0 13246 136786 133816 2026-09-14T13:05:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136786 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:New Life Bible-Presbyterian Church, Queen's Park - geograph.org.uk - 4403726.jpg|thumb|Urusengero rwa New Life Bible church Fred Katagwa abereyemo umushumba|287x287px]] [[Dosiye:Multnomah University, Portland, Oregon (2022) - 02.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Multnomah Fred Katangwa|291x291px]] [[Dosiye:University of Oklahoma July 2019 58 (South Oval).jpg|thumb|Kmaminuza ya Oklahoma christian Fred Katangwa yakuyemo impamyabushobozi yicyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza]] Ni umushumba mukuru w'ungirije muri [[New Life Bible Church]]. Afite umugore  witwa Anna KATAGWA, batuye mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]], bafite abana batatu aribo: Deborah, Daniel na  Destiny.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://newlifekigali.org/church-representative/ |title=CHURCH LEADERSHIP - Newlifekigali.org |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929225435/https://newlifekigali.org/church-representative/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bw'ishuri == Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu ishami ry'uburezi, yayikoreye muri kaminuza ya Makerere.<ref>https://www.africanewlife.org/about-us/staff/</ref> Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu ishami ry'amasomo y'ivugabutumwa aho yaminuje mu miyoborere y'amatsinda cyangwa umuryango, yayikoreye muri kaminuza ya Multnomah University yo muri Portland, Oregon muri Amerika. Afite n'indi mpamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu ishami ry'imiyoborere y'imishinga (Business Administration) yakoreye muri kaminuza ya Oklahoma Christian University.<ref name=":0" /> == Ubuzima busanzwe == Mu buzima busanzwe Fred akunda kuganiriza urubyiruko cyane ndetse no kuyobora, kandi akunda no gukorera Imana. Akunda gutanga imbwirwaruhame ndetse no kwigisha.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro; == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Iyobokamana]] ly6dcx9gc888igve6dcanjcjh7smmg0 0 13307 136822 131485 2026-09-14T13:06:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136822 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:Mediterranean_Youth_Hostel.jpg|thumb| Urubyiruko rwa Mediterane]] Imiyoboro y'urubyiruko rwa Mediterane byatangiye muri 2014 kugeza 2017 yari umushinga w'imyaka itatu washyizwe mu bikorwa na UNESCO kandi uterwa inkunga n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ku rubyiruko rwo mu karere ka Mediterane y’Uburayi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Request Rejected |url=https://en.unesco.org/project/netmedyouth |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=en.unesco.org}}</ref> == Intego == Imiyoboro n'intego y'urubyiruko rwa Mediterane''', ni''' zayo kwari ugutezimbere umurimo w'urubyiruko no kugira uruhare mu rubyiruko mu guha imbaraga amashyirahamwe y'urubyiruko guhangana na guverinoma z'igihugu ibitangazamakuru by'igihugu ndetse n'itangazamakuru ryo mu karere. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Who are we? |url=http://www.netmedyouth.org/who-are-we |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=NETMED Youth |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109110501/https://www.netmedyouth.org/who-are-we |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> == Inyungu == * ishyirahamwe y'urubyiruko aturuka mu bihugu 10 byo mu burasirazuba no mu burengerazuba bw'inyanja ya Mediterane * Guteza imbere ubumenyi n'abafatanyabikorwa mu kazi (minisiteri, ibigo bya Leta, abafatanyabikorwa, n'abandi) m'urubyiruko * Abakora umwuga w'itangazamakuru, abanyamakuru b'abanyagihugu n'abanyarubuga <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Mediterranean Youth for Water Network |url=https://www.cmimarseille.org/programs/mediterranean-youth-water-network |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=The Mediterranean Youth for Water Network {{!}} CMI |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109110527/https://www.cmimarseille.org/programs/mediterranean-youth-water-network |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-04 |title=Evaluation of the Networks of Mediterranean Youth (NET-MED Youth) Project (2014-2018) |url=https://www.gcedclearinghouse.org/ko/node/58737?language=ko |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=GCED Clearinghouse |language=ko |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109110455/https://www.gcedclearinghouse.org/ko/node/58737?language=ko |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Impamvu == Uyu mushinga waje mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibibazo rusange bihuriweho n’ibihugu byo mu majyepfo ya Mediterane bijyanye no kwinjiza imibereho mu rubyiruko. Ibi birimo, mubindi, kudashishikarira kwishora mubikorwa byabaturage ; guhagararirwa bidahagije mu nzego rusange na politiki, ndetse no mu bitangazamakuru bisanzwe; ubushomeri bukabije no kugira uruhare runini rwabagore ku isoko ryumurimo. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000369078 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref> == ahantu Wibande umushinga == * Igishushanyo mbonera cy'amashyirahamwe y'urubyiruko * Amatsinda akorera mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo ku nsanganyamatsiko zingenzi: Politiki rusange ku rubyiruko, urubyiruko n’itangazamakuru, urubyiruko nakazi * Isesengura ryimiterere yurubyiruko nabafatanyabikorwa bigihugu, harimo amategeko na politiki * Kongera ubushobozi mu mashyirahamwe y'urubyiruko na minisiteri * Gutegura no kunganira gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu ku rubyiruko * Gukurikirana abahagarariye urubyiruko mu bitangazamakuru, no gukora ubushakashatsi ku bitekerezo by'urubyiruko ku bitangazamakuru * Ibikorwa byo kwegera biteza imbere urubyiruko, rwuzuye, rufite intego kandi ikwiye itangazamakuru * Amahugurwa n'ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo, itangazamakuru no gusoma amakuru, gukora ibitangazamakuru by'urubyiruko * Kongera ubushobozi mubanyamakuru bato, abanyarubuga n'abanyamakuru babenegihugu * Raporo yisesengura ry'imiterere y'igihugu nakarere ku isoko ryumurimo, inzibacyuho y'irubyiruko n'ibibazo biboneka * Gutezimbere ibikoresho byo gutegereza ubumenyi mubufatanye bwa hafi n'abafatanyabikorwa bigihugu * Kongera ubushobozi mu mashyirahamwe y'urubyiruko kugira uruhare runini mu rubyiruko mu gutegura politiki ishingiye ku bimenyetso. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NET MED Youth (Network of Mediterranean Youth) |url=https://meddialogue.eu/e-library/net-med-youth-network-of-mediterranean-youth/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=MED DIALOGUE |language=en-US}}</ref> <references /> entdkkr55xu9qkcwdf3pr5xhnqaut63 0 13331 136907 93013 2026-09-14T13:08:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136907 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Organic mountain grown tea leaf.jpg|thumb|Umwumba w'icyayi]] [[Dosiye:Lipton-mug-tea.jpg|thumb|Icyayi cya mukaru]] Icyayi cya Nyabihu ni icyayi gikorwa n'[[Nyabihu Tea Factory|uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Nyabihu]] rumaze guhabwa ibyangombwa mpuzamahanga by’ubuziranenge harimo ibishimangira isuku, ubuhinzi burambye no kurengera ibidukikije hakorwa ubuhinzi butangiza ikirere, Ubwiza bw’icyayi cya Nyabihu cyegukanye igihembo cya mbere mu marushanwa yiswe “Africa Tea Convention and Exhibition” yabereye muri [[Kenya]] muri Gicurasi 2017 ahuje ibihugu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuva [[Rwanda Mountain Tea|Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd]] yatangira gucunga icyi cyayi hiyongereyeho imirima hegitari 680 z'icyayi, icyi cyayi kibarizwa mu [[akarere ka Nyabihu]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uruganda-rw-icyayi-rwa-nyabihu-rwungutse-hegitari-z-imirima-zirenga-600 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110102228/https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uruganda-rw-icyayi-rwa-nyabihu-rwungutse-hegitari-z-imirima-zirenga-600 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://taarifa.rw/nyabihu-tea-trades-at-highest-price-ever/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110100137/https://taarifa.rw/nyabihu-tea-trades-at-highest-price-ever/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda Mountain Tea]] 1e7053evd94ynt03cizv5nrcqp0jc7q 0 13336 136937 104569 2026-09-14T13:09:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136937 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bottle_1_liter_Sunflower_refined_oil.jpg|thumb|Amavuta y'[[Rwanda Nziza|Ibihwagari]]]] == IBIHWAGARI == [[Rwanda Nziza|Ibihwagari]] ni kimwe mu bihingwa bivamo amavuta kandi bikungahaye cyane ku ntungamubiri zinyuranye zifatiye umubiri akamaro no mubuzima bwacu. bamwe babyita ruswa abandi bakabwita abirinesoro, igihwagari kandi gikungahaye kuri vitamine nka B9,B6,B1, manganeziyamu , fosifore ndetse na [[Dosiye:Zonnebloem (Helianthus annuus). (actm).jpg|thumb|ibihwagari]] seleniyum na vitamine E na K [https://web.archive.org/web/20221110104009/https://umutihealth.com/ibihwagari/] == Akamaro == [[Rwanda Nziza|Ibihwagari]] birinda uturemangingo fatizo mu kwangirika ifite vitamini E igira uruhare mu mikorere y'amaso ifasha kandi mw'igogora ibihwagari kandi fifasha ubwonko gukora neza nibyiza kandi ku mugore utwite kuko bikungahaye kuri vitamini ya B9 ikaba izwiho gufasha mu mikurire y'umwana uri munda, bituma uturema ngingo dukura neza.[https://web.archive.org/web/20221110104009/https://umutihealth.com/ibihwagari/] ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na kaminuza yitwa colombia university bwagaragaje ko kurya ibihwagari byibuze inshuro eshanu mu cyumweru bifasha cyane bikana gabanya indwara ya ( inflammation) ndetse bikanagabanya cyane kurwara indwara zirimo nk'umutima umuvuduko w amaraso nizindi zidakira. [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/guhekenya-imbuto-z-ibihwagari-bigira-akamaro-cyane-ku-bagore-batwite] == Ibyo utari uzi ku bihwagari == [[Dosiye:Helianthus annuus 00038.jpg|thumb|sunflower]] Igihwagari ni igihingwa cyera rimwe mu mwaka, kibarirwa mu muryango w’ibyo bita Astéracées Indabyo zacyo usanga ari ngari, gikize cyane ku mavuta <ref>https://igihe.com/ubuzima/wari-uzi-ko-ibihwagari-bifitiye-umubiri-akamaro-ntagereranwa</ref>aribwa, hafi 40% y’ibikigize ni amavuta kandi ni ingirakamaro mu mubiri w’umuntu. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bihwagari (Tournesol) bwagaragaje ko amavuta akamurwa mu nzuzi zabyo hakurikijwe ubwoko bw’indobanure butandukanye agera kuri 50% by’amavuta abigize, bikungahaye kubyo bita “Acides Gras” kuko habonekamo 12% byayo. Mu mavuta y’ibihwagari.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/guhekenya-imbuto-z-ibihwagari-bigira-akamaro-cyane-ku-bagore-batwite</ref> mu mavuta yibihwagari gari kandi ngo habonekamo Palmique ariko akarusho habonekamo acide linoleique ari nayo yingirakamaro cyane<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibihwagari/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110104009/https://umutihealth.com/ibihwagari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> abahanga bavuga ko ifite akamaro mugukumira indwara ya Diabeti mumubiri w'umuntu.ikindi kandi kihariye kuri iki gihingwa nuko amavuta yacyo akungahaye kuri Vitamine E kandi imbuto zacyo zikoreshwa kenshi bazivanga nabimwe mu biribwa mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndese nahandi muri [[Afurika]] bamenye akamaro kacyo == Indi mikoreshereze == abantu benshi bumva igihingwa ki gihwagari bagatekereza amavuta acyo gusa ariko mubusanzwe igihwagari kiraribwa nkuko mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] dukaranga ubunyobwa ugahekena imbuto zacyo nazo zirakarangwa zigahekenywa ikindi zirumishwa zigakurwamo ifu ivangwa mumboga zimwe nazimwe kandi bavuga ko ari ingirakamaro kumugore utwite.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/guhekenya-imbuto-z-ibihwagari-bigira-akamaro-cyane-ku-bagore-batwite</ref> == Reba hano == ek9vnlwro8gdratoqhr89ys0cxoce62 137082 136937 2026-09-14T13:17:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137082 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bottle_1_liter_Sunflower_refined_oil.jpg|thumb|Amavuta y'[[Rwanda Nziza|Ibihwagari]]]] == Ibihwagari == [[Rwanda Nziza|Ibihwagari]] ni kimwe mu bihingwa bivamo amavuta kandi bikungahaye cyane ku ntungamubiri zinyuranye zifatiye umubiri akamaro no mubuzima bwacu. bamwe babyita ruswa abandi bakabwita abirinesoro, igihwagari kandi gikungahaye kuri vitamine nka B9,B6,B1, manganeziyamu , fosifore ndetse na [[Dosiye:Zonnebloem (Helianthus annuus). (actm).jpg|thumb|ibihwagari]] seleniyum na vitamine E na K [https://web.archive.org/web/20221110104009/https://umutihealth.com/ibihwagari/] == Akamaro == [[Rwanda Nziza|Ibihwagari]] birinda uturemangingo fatizo mu kwangirika ifite vitamini E igira uruhare mu mikorere y'amaso ifasha kandi mw'igogora ibihwagari kandi fifasha ubwonko gukora neza nibyiza kandi ku mugore utwite kuko bikungahaye kuri vitamini ya B9 ikaba izwiho gufasha mu mikurire y'umwana uri munda, bituma uturema ngingo dukura neza.[https://web.archive.org/web/20221110104009/https://umutihealth.com/ibihwagari/] ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na kaminuza yitwa colombia university bwagaragaje ko kurya ibihwagari byibuze inshuro eshanu mu cyumweru bifasha cyane bikana gabanya indwara ya ( inflammation) ndetse bikanagabanya cyane kurwara indwara zirimo nk'umutima umuvuduko w amaraso nizindi zidakira. [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/guhekenya-imbuto-z-ibihwagari-bigira-akamaro-cyane-ku-bagore-batwite] == Ibyo utari uzi ku bihwagari == [[Dosiye:Helianthus annuus 00038.jpg|thumb|sunflower]] Igihwagari ni igihingwa cyera rimwe mu mwaka, kibarirwa mu muryango w’ibyo bita Astéracées Indabyo zacyo usanga ari ngari, gikize cyane ku mavuta <ref>https://igihe.com/ubuzima/wari-uzi-ko-ibihwagari-bifitiye-umubiri-akamaro-ntagereranwa</ref>aribwa, hafi 40% y’ibikigize ni amavuta kandi ni ingirakamaro mu mubiri w’umuntu. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bihwagari (Tournesol) bwagaragaje ko amavuta akamurwa mu nzuzi zabyo hakurikijwe ubwoko bw’indobanure butandukanye agera kuri 50% by’amavuta abigize, bikungahaye kubyo bita “Acides Gras” kuko habonekamo 12% byayo. Mu mavuta y’ibihwagari.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/guhekenya-imbuto-z-ibihwagari-bigira-akamaro-cyane-ku-bagore-batwite</ref> mu mavuta yibihwagari gari kandi ngo habonekamo Palmique ariko akarusho habonekamo acide linoleique ari nayo yingirakamaro cyane<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibihwagari/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110104009/https://umutihealth.com/ibihwagari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> abahanga bavuga ko ifite akamaro mugukumira indwara ya Diabeti mumubiri w'umuntu.ikindi kandi kihariye kuri iki gihingwa nuko amavuta yacyo akungahaye kuri Vitamine E kandi imbuto zacyo zikoreshwa kenshi bazivanga nabimwe mu biribwa mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndese nahandi muri [[Afurika]] bamenye akamaro kacyo == Indi mikoreshereze == abantu benshi bumva igihingwa ki gihwagari bagatekereza amavuta acyo gusa ariko mubusanzwe igihwagari kiraribwa nkuko mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] dukaranga ubunyobwa ugahekena imbuto zacyo nazo zirakarangwa zigahekenywa ikindi zirumishwa zigakurwamo ifu ivangwa mumboga zimwe nazimwe kandi bavuga ko ari ingirakamaro kumugore utwite.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/guhekenya-imbuto-z-ibihwagari-bigira-akamaro-cyane-ku-bagore-batwite</ref> == Reba hano == cbv78kj355qbkkvg2w0zg8qntvpi2sv 0 13338 136787 134539 2026-09-14T13:05:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136787 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Glenloch tea factory 20.JPG|thumb|uruganda rw'icyayi]] Gisakura Tea Factory ni uruganda rw'icyayi rubarizwa i Gisakura mu murenge wa Bushekeri, [[akarere ka Nyamasheke]] m' intara y'iburengerazuba, ikaba iri hamwe na paliki ya Nyungwe hamwe ndetse n'icyayi cya Gisovu.<ref>https://vymaps.com/RW/Gisakura-Tea-Factory-986423/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyungweforest.com/gisakura-tea-estate/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110104257/https://www.nyungweforest.com/gisakura-tea-estate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://rwandaecocompany.com/gisakura-tea-plantation-around-nyungwe-national-park/</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda Mountain Tea]] krye2z4k4k65kv4qo7f3mxi5ndp2dbn 0 13341 137083 121831 2026-09-14T13:17:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137083 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubwoko bw'amaraso ndetse n'imyitwarire == [[Dosiye:ANA_begins_process_of_blood_typing_soldiers_120324-N-JC271-021.jpg|thumb|Ubwo bw'amaraso|302x302px]] Amaraso ni tumwe muturema ngingo karemano tugize umuntu, aho usanga ubwoko bwamaraso yawe bifitanye isano nimyitwarire yawe. ariko ntango wagendera ku bwoko bwamaraso uvuga imyitwarire y;umuntu kuko usanga sosiyete tubabamo, aho tuvuka amadini bose bira uruhare mumyitwarire yawe ariko uyu musni tugiye kurebera hamwe muri bimwe bifite isano n;imyitwarire ya muntu,ni uko rero ubwoko bwa maraso umuntu abukura ku babyeyi bakubyara, aya niyo moko y' amaraso bubaho: hariho [[A,B,AB]],na [[O]].<ref>https://news.ihirwe.com/2025/04/the-characteristics-of-each-blood-type.html</ref> == IBIRANGA UMUNTU UFITE AMARASO YA [[A]] == [[Dosiye:A+_transfusion_compatibility_diagram.svg|thumb|A+ transfusion compatibility diagram]] Ni abantu bagira amaranga mutima menshi,barihangana no gukorera hamwe nabandi ni abahanga kand i aba bantuuzasanga bagira urukundo rwinshi, bakunda amahoro, kamdi ni abantu usanga batanjya bkunda kunurana cyangwa ngo banjye guharira nabandi. ariko nanone ni abantu bakunda kurinda abo bakunda cyane, nanone ni abantu batanjya bica gahunda ndetse niba ari amabwiriza yabawe ntango banjya bayica. == IBIRANGA ABANTU BAFITE AMARASO YA [[BLOOD|B]] == Aba ni abantu dusanga bakunda guhanga udushya cyane, bafata imyanzuro vuba, gusa ntango bakunda ko kugendera ku mategeko, nanone ni abantu bakora ibyo bagomba gukora neaza kuko babishyiraho umutima ,kimwe nkabantu baubwoko bwa A ntango nanjya babasha gufatanga ibintu birenze kimwe. == IBIRANGA ABANTU BAFITE AMARASO YA [[AB]] == [[Dosiye:AB+_transfusion_compatibility_diagram.svg|thumb|Amaraso AB+ ]] Aba ni abantu bafite imyitwarire igoye kubera ikintu bakunda guhisha imytwarire yabo kubantu batamuzi ndetse ni abantu bafite imyitwarire y; ubwoko bubiri == IBIRANGA ABANTU BAFITE AMARASO YA [[O]] == [[Dosiye:O+_transfusion_compatibility_diagram.svg|thumb|Amaraso O+ ]] Aba ni abantu bafite imyitwarire myiza dore ko bakundwa nabantu cyane, bafite imyitwarire yo kuba abayobozi, bakunda kwiha intego nini cyane mubuzima bwabo kandi bagerageza gukora cyane kugirango bazagere kubyo biyemeje. ledjbkawzn1xadl0gvyhxpuvmhwnuvx 137131 137083 2026-09-14T13:19:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe: gukuraho ubwoya no gukosora inyuguti nkuru mu mitwe ifite ihuza 137131 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubwoko bw'amaraso ndetse n'imyitwarire == [[Dosiye:ANA_begins_process_of_blood_typing_soldiers_120324-N-JC271-021.jpg|thumb|Ubwo bw'amaraso|302x302px]] Amaraso ni tumwe muturema ngingo karemano tugize umuntu, aho usanga ubwoko bwamaraso yawe bifitanye isano nimyitwarire yawe. ariko ntango wagendera ku bwoko bwamaraso uvuga imyitwarire y;umuntu kuko usanga sosiyete tubabamo, aho tuvuka amadini bose bira uruhare mumyitwarire yawe ariko uyu musni tugiye kurebera hamwe muri bimwe bifite isano n;imyitwarire ya muntu,ni uko rero ubwoko bwa maraso umuntu abukura ku babyeyi bakubyara, aya niyo moko y' amaraso bubaho: hariho [[A,B,AB]],na [[O]].<ref>https://news.ihirwe.com/2025/04/the-characteristics-of-each-blood-type.html</ref> == Ibiranga umuntu ufite amaraso ya [[A]] == [[Dosiye:A+_transfusion_compatibility_diagram.svg|thumb|A+ transfusion compatibility diagram]] Ni abantu bagira amaranga mutima menshi,barihangana no gukorera hamwe nabandi ni abahanga kand i aba bantuuzasanga bagira urukundo rwinshi, bakunda amahoro, kamdi ni abantu usanga batanjya bkunda kunurana cyangwa ngo banjye guharira nabandi. ariko nanone ni abantu bakunda kurinda abo bakunda cyane, nanone ni abantu batanjya bica gahunda ndetse niba ari amabwiriza yabawe ntango banjya bayica. == Ibiranga abantu bafite amaraso ya [[BLOOD|B]] == Aba ni abantu dusanga bakunda guhanga udushya cyane, bafata imyanzuro vuba, gusa ntango bakunda ko kugendera ku mategeko, nanone ni abantu bakora ibyo bagomba gukora neaza kuko babishyiraho umutima ,kimwe nkabantu baubwoko bwa A ntango nanjya babasha gufatanga ibintu birenze kimwe. == Ibiranga abantu bafite amaraso ya [[AB]] == [[Dosiye:AB+_transfusion_compatibility_diagram.svg|thumb|Amaraso AB+ ]] Aba ni abantu bafite imyitwarire igoye kubera ikintu bakunda guhisha imytwarire yabo kubantu batamuzi ndetse ni abantu bafite imyitwarire y; ubwoko bubiri == Ibiranga abantu bafite amaraso ya [[O]] == [[Dosiye:O+_transfusion_compatibility_diagram.svg|thumb|Amaraso O+ ]] Aba ni abantu bafite imyitwarire myiza dore ko bakundwa nabantu cyane, bafite imyitwarire yo kuba abayobozi, bakunda kwiha intego nini cyane mubuzima bwabo kandi bagerageza gukora cyane kugirango bazagere kubyo biyemeje. dg5brm1cutfdrwx1ymwpw0n32bb7i1c 0 13384 136976 133206 2026-09-14T13:10:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation''' cyangwa NFF ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta, uyu muryango watangiye muri 2008 ufasha abana n'urubyiruko.<ref name=":0">https://www.isimbi.rw/kwibuka/umuryango-ndayisaba-fabrice-foundation-wavuze-impamvu-ibikorwa-byo-kwibuka-bizanyuzwa-mu-ishuri-ryawo-ry-incuke</ref> == UKO WATANGIYE == Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation yashizwe muri 2008 na [[Ndayisaba Fabrice]], ni umuryango washinzwe nyuma y’uko muri 2006 Ndayisaba Fabrice yahuye n’umunya-Cameroun, Samuel Eto’o Fils wakinaga ruhago akamugezaho igitekerezo cye akamufasha, ubu uyu muryango ufite ibiro muri [[IPRC Kigali|IPRC ya Kigali]].<ref name=":0" /> == Ibikorwa == Umuryango wa Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation NFF, nyuma yo gushinga inshuri ry’incuke Ecole Maternelle Foundation Ndayisaba Fabrice ubu igikorwa ngaruka mwaka cyo kwibuka abana n’ibibondo bazize Jenoside usanzwe ukora kizanyuzwa muri iri shuri kugira ngo abana bakurane umuco wo kwibuka.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/75668/Sports/ibuka-official-commends-aetoaoa-foundation</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/79778/kirehe-ndayisaba-fabrice-eto-o-yasangiye-ubunani-n-umwana-w-79778.html</ref> === URUBYIRUKO === Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation bavugako nk’urubyiruko tugomba gukunda igihugu cyacu kandi tukagikorera, Gahunda ni ugukomeza gufasha abana bari mu kaga no gukomeza kuba hafi abagizweho ingaruka na [[Genocide mu Rwanda|genoside]].<ref name=":0" /> Umuhango uzajya ubera mu ishuri ribanza rya Les Hirondelles de Don Bosco, hari ubutumwa buzatangwa mugihe cy'icyumweru, iki gikorwa kizagera no mu bindi bigo by’amashuri byo mu tundi turere, kikagera ku rubyiruko n'abana bose bo mu gihugu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/nff-rwanda-yatangije-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka-ibibondo-n-abana-bishwe-muri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804164753/https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/nff-rwanda-yatangije-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka-ibibondo-n-abana-bishwe-muri |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] dot7gq4xgeexj4iajy8crd3eicm5zla 137084 136976 2026-09-14T13:17:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation''' cyangwa NFF ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta, uyu muryango watangiye muri 2008 ufasha abana n'urubyiruko.<ref name=":0">https://www.isimbi.rw/kwibuka/umuryango-ndayisaba-fabrice-foundation-wavuze-impamvu-ibikorwa-byo-kwibuka-bizanyuzwa-mu-ishuri-ryawo-ry-incuke</ref> == Uko watangiye == Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation yashizwe muri 2008 na [[Ndayisaba Fabrice]], ni umuryango washinzwe nyuma y’uko muri 2006 Ndayisaba Fabrice yahuye n’umunya-Cameroun, Samuel Eto’o Fils wakinaga ruhago akamugezaho igitekerezo cye akamufasha, ubu uyu muryango ufite ibiro muri [[IPRC Kigali|IPRC ya Kigali]].<ref name=":0" /> == Ibikorwa == Umuryango wa Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation NFF, nyuma yo gushinga inshuri ry’incuke Ecole Maternelle Foundation Ndayisaba Fabrice ubu igikorwa ngaruka mwaka cyo kwibuka abana n’ibibondo bazize Jenoside usanzwe ukora kizanyuzwa muri iri shuri kugira ngo abana bakurane umuco wo kwibuka.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/75668/Sports/ibuka-official-commends-aetoaoa-foundation</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/79778/kirehe-ndayisaba-fabrice-eto-o-yasangiye-ubunani-n-umwana-w-79778.html</ref> === Urubyiruko === Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation bavugako nk’urubyiruko tugomba gukunda igihugu cyacu kandi tukagikorera, Gahunda ni ugukomeza gufasha abana bari mu kaga no gukomeza kuba hafi abagizweho ingaruka na [[Genocide mu Rwanda|genoside]].<ref name=":0" /> Umuhango uzajya ubera mu ishuri ribanza rya Les Hirondelles de Don Bosco, hari ubutumwa buzatangwa mugihe cy'icyumweru, iki gikorwa kizagera no mu bindi bigo by’amashuri byo mu tundi turere, kikagera ku rubyiruko n'abana bose bo mu gihugu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/nff-rwanda-yatangije-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka-ibibondo-n-abana-bishwe-muri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804164753/https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/nff-rwanda-yatangije-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka-ibibondo-n-abana-bishwe-muri |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] 3q4491l382g9ia6syt8iwujfb1w7cde 0 13390 136870 133310 2026-09-14T13:07:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136870 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwase Clementine w’imyaka 24 wo mu Murenge wa Busasamana mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]], ni rwiyemeza mirimo watangiye guhanga udushya dutandukanye ashingiye ku masomo yize mu ishami rya Electronic Service mu mashuri yisumbuye, aho biga amasomo atandukanye arimo amashanyarazi n’ibindi bya tekinike, ugushyira amashanyarazi mu busitani ku buryo iyo umwijima uje yiyatsa, haza urumuri akizimya bidasabye ko hari umuntu ubikora, akandi gashya yahanze ni uburyo bw’intabaza igihe inzu yaba ifashwe n’inkongi y’umuriro, ikindi azi no gukora ibindi bikorwa nko gusana telefone, radio, televiziyo n’ibindi bitandukanye igihe byangiritse.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/article/inzozi-za-uwase-watangiye-guhanga-udushya-akoresheje-tekinike</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] 9vrjj8w1w8bgxgahvykhbqwzqnqm5d6 0 13391 137015 99432 2026-09-14T13:11:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137015 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grand-Peoples-Study-House-Computer-Lab.jpg|thumb|IntraHealth International mu nama]] IntraHealth International imaze imwaka isaga 40 ikorera mu [[Rwanda]] mu bihugu birenga 100 yafatanije n'[[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] baho iri kugirango barebe ko abakozi b'ubuzima bahari aho bakeneye cyane, biteguye gukora akazi, bahujwe n'ikoranabuhanga bakeneye, kandi bafite umutekano wo gukora akazi kabo keza cyane, Gahunda za IntaHealth zateguwe no gusobanukirwa byimazeyo no gushimira kubijyanye n'uburenganzira bwa muntu, uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye, kongerera ubushobozi ubukungu, no guhindura abaturage.<ref>https://amarebe.com/finance-officer-intrahealth-deadline-18-11-2022/</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200706040615.html</ref><ref>https://www.intrahealth.org/programs?mdrv=www.intrahealth.org&page=5</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] 6vt25lotnqoxtn26lvi5c38xs2jlk08 0 13413 136908 122665 2026-09-14T13:08:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136908 wikitext text/x-wiki Ejo heza yatangijwe tariki 29 Kamena 2017 Ni gahunda ya Leta (Rwanda Future Music Organization) igamije gufasha Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga batuye mu [[Rwanda]], kwizigamira by’igihe kirekire, igashyirwa mu bikorwa n’izego z’ibanze zegerejwe abaturage.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/uturere-dutanu-twahize-utundi-muri-ejoheza-twagenewe-ibihembo</ref> Nyuma y’igihe gito umushinga utangijwe Utangaje ko ugiye gutangiza gahunda yo gushakisha impano mu rubyiruko rw’u [[Rwanda]] hagamijwe gushishikariza urubyiruko kwihangira umurimo no kwizigama binyuze mu mpano rufite, ikaba ari gahunda yuyu mushinga bwatangaje ko bazanyura mu Ntara zose z’igihugu n’Umujyi wa Kigali, Abahanzi batanu bazatoranywa bazakurikiranwa mu gihe cy’umwaka mu bikorwa byabo bya muzika bagirwa inama, kubafasha gukora ibihangano, gutegurwa mu gihe bagiye kwitabira ibitaramo n’ibindi.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/umushingaejo-heza-washyize-igorora-urubyiruko-rufite-impano-yo-kuririmba/</ref><ref>https://ejoheza.gov.rw/ltss-registration-ui/landing.xhtml#page-top</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] nmoayz5vpymvdt36cy6bwnzs9t2y6ba 0 13421 137049 135366 2026-09-14T13:11:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137049 wikitext text/x-wiki Ntakirutimana Eliel inzobere y'umunyarwanda iba muri [[Amerika|America]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/waruziko-burya-hariho-abanyarwanda-binzobere-batavugwa-bihagije/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2022-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120160514/https://rugali.com/waruziko-burya-hariho-abanyarwanda-binzobere-batavugwa-bihagije/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == America == [[Dosiye:Hospital atmosphere in Turkey.jpg|thumb|Umuganga]] Dogiteri Eliyeli Ntakirutimana (Nataki) ni we Munyarwanda wa mbere wabonye impamyabushobozi nyinshi mu buvuzi kandi zemewe n’igihugu cya [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], Koko rero Dogiteri Nataki abarirwa mu baganga ba kabuhariwe b’Abanyamerika.<ref name=":0" /> == Ubuzima bwite == Ntakirutimana Eliyeli cyangwa '''Nataki''' yavukiye i Murama, nyuma ababyeyi be baza kwimukira ku Mugonerero (Kibuye) ubu ni mukarere ka Karongi, Se umubyara yari Umuvugabutumwa w’[[Abadiventisti b'Umunsi wa Karindwi|idini y’Abadiventiste b’umunsi wa karindwi]] wayoboye itorero ryo ku Mugonero igihe kirekire yitwaga Pasteur Ntakirutimana Elizafani.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibyo yize == Dogiteri Eliyeli Nataki yize amashuri abanza ku Mugonero akomereza ayisumbuye mu gihugu cya  [[Ubugande|Uganda]], Kubera umurava n’ubuhanga buhanitse byamuranze akiri muto, Dogiteri Eliyeli yagiye gukomereza kaminuza ya '''Montemorelos''' mu gihugu cya Mexico (1975-1982) ahakura Impamyabushobozi y’ikirenga iherekejwe n’amashimo menshi mu buvuzi (Doctorat en médecine).<ref name=":0" /> == Inzobere == Dogiteri Ntakirutimana Nataki Ntiyarekeye aho ahubwo yagiye mu mugi wa New York afata imyaka itari mike mu masomo ajyanye no kunononsora ubumenyi mu kuvura indwara zihariye('''''Specialités''''') muri Kaminuza za Columbia University na New York Health Science Center in Brooklyn (1986-1989) Muri make Dogiteri Nataki ni inzobere mu byerekeye : 1. Gutera ikinya (Anestésie générale) 2. Kuvura indwara zinyuranye z’umutima 3.Kuvura indwara nyinshi zijyane n’uburibwe bw’amagufa, imitsi, ububabare bw’imikaya n’ingingo.<ref name=":0" /> == Pain Consultants of Texas == Dogiteri Ntakirutimana Nataki Mu mugi wa Laredo, Dogiteri Nataki yatangiriye ku buvuzi bw’indwara z’umutima ubwo yakoranaga n’abaganga b’inzobere bo muri Leta ya Texas, muri iki gihe yashinze ibitaro bye bwite (PCT : Pain Consultants of Texas)  aho avura indwara nyinshi ndetse akanabaga(chirurgie).<ref>www.painless2day.com</ref><ref>www.'''Leprophete.fr'''</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 02u8e15vphgwuglego781w3eq1rxmb0 0 13435 137085 96768 2026-09-14T13:17:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137085 wikitext text/x-wiki IBIHUGU BITAGIRA IGISIRIKARI [[Dosiye:00 1448 Gairloch - Schottland.jpg|thumb]] Kurubu kugirango igihugu gikomere , bisaba kuba bifite igisirikari gikomeye kuburyo hagize umwanzi ugitera cyashobora kwirinda kuri iy'isi rero hari ibihugu bitagira ingabo bimwe muriyo rero ni : # ''samoa'' # ''The costa Rica'' # ''Iceland'' muri ibi bihugu byose ntangabo bigira cyangwa se igisirikari bigira ariko imiryango iharanira amahoro ku isi nka NATO niyo ikorera muri byo bihugu ariko bitavuzeko ari ibisirikari byibyo bihugu. inzego z'umutekeno ni imwe mu nkingi za mwamba igihugu kiba gifite kugirango kizere umutekano usesuye. ibihugu byinshi kuri iyisi bifata igisirikare cyabyo nk'ikimenyetso cy'imbaraga ndetse bigatanga ingengo y'imari ihambaye kugisirikare cyabyo. igitangaje nuko bimwe mu bihugu bibonako kugira igisirikare atari ngombwa [https://bwiza.com/?Menya-ibihugu-20-ku-Isi-bitagira-igisirikare][https://web.archive.org/web/20230322141036/https://genesisbizz.com/Dore-urutonde-rw-ibihugu-umunani-bitagira-igisirikare] == Urutonde == Bimwe mubihugu bisigaye bidafite igisirikari: 1.''Vatican'' 2. ''Mauritius'' 3. ''Monaco state'' 4. ''Panama'' 5. ''San Marino'' == Amashakiro == j4efnszo5wh1ctc82zh63i5qapizyjd 0 13448 137016 135334 2026-09-14T13:11:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137016 wikitext text/x-wiki == Akarere ka Gasabo == [[Akarere ka Gasabo|GASABO]] ni kamwe mu turere dutatu(3) tugize umujyi wa [[Kigali City Tower|KIGALI]] mu Rwandagaherereye mu majyaruguru y'iburasirazuba y'umujyi wa kigali Icyicaro cya karere giherereye mu Murenge wa Remera, mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama. Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] gahana imbibi n’utu Turere: Kicukiro: mu Majyepfo . [[Gicumbi Fc|Gicumbi]] mu Majyaruguru . [[Rwamagana Fc|Rwamagana]]: mu Burasirazuba . Nyarugenge: mu burengerazuba Menya byinshi<ref>GASABO DISTRICT - Search (bing.com)</ref> Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Gasabo|GASABO]] kagizwe n'imirenge cumi nitanu(15) utugari mirongo irindwi nadutatu(73) imidugudu 485 kakaba gafite ubuso bungana na 430.30km square Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Gasabo|GASABO]] gafite abaturage bangana na 530,907 batuye kubucucike bungana na 1,237 km square<ref>Ahabanza (gasabo.gov.rw)</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2xnb96ulaeqrlzn6ytnm040phpydktk 0 13454 136788 133278 2026-09-14T13:05:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136788 wikitext text/x-wiki Angel Mutoni ni umunyarwandakazi w'umusizi, umuririmbyi n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo, akora umuziki wo munjyana ivanze ya RnB/Pop ndetse na Afrobeat. Akaba atuye mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>[1] [https://hiphopafrican.com/angell-mutoni/ Angell Mutoni - HiphopAfrican]</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko y'inganzo == Mutoni akiri umwana yakuze abona se ari umuhanzi, ku myaka ye 10 yatangiye kujya yandika inkuru ngufi akaba ariho nyuma yakuye impano yo kwandika indirimbo, mu buto bwe hari igihe se yamujyanaga mu nzu ye itunganya umuziki akajya amwigisha iby'ibanze kuri muzika, bikaba byaramubereye imbarutso imuvuburamo urukundo afitiye umuziki. <ref name=":0">[2] [https://profileability.com/angell-mutoni/ Angell Mutoni - Profileability]</ref> == Ibihe bitandukanye mu muziki == * Yafashe insakasamajwi bwa mbere yiga mu mashuri yisumbuye mu gitaramo cy'ikigo. * Mu mwaka wa 2011 nyuma yo gusoza amashuri yisumbuye yahise asohora indirimbo ye ya mbere itunganyije neza muri studio.<ref name=":0" /> == Amarushanwa n'ibitaramo bikomeye yitabiriye == * Mu mwaka wa 2014 yataramiye abakunzi b'umuziki we mu gitaramo cyitwa Doadoa: East African Perfoming Arts Market i Jinja muri Uganda. * Yitabiriiye irushanwa rya RFI Prix Decouverte mu mwaka wa 2016, agira amahirwe yo kuba umwe mu baryitabiriye ba mbere 10.<ref name=":0" /> == Imbuga nkoranyambaga akoresha == FACEBOOK: [https://www.facebook.com/angellmutonimusic Angell Mutoni Music]  TWITTER: [https://twitter.com/AngellMutoniRw @AngellMutoniRw] INSTAGRAM: [https://www.instagram.com/angellmutoni.rw/ @angellmutoni.rw] EMAIL: [mailto:&#x20;Angellmutonimusic@gmail.com angellmutonimusic@gmail.com] == Amashakiro; == <references /> ezij8to7vau6v69kqhzs6f812bc6lhf 0 13518 136938 135493 2026-09-14T13:09:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136938 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RubavuDist.png|thumb|Aho Imanizabayo avuka ]] [[Dosiye:Umufana wa Rayon Sport.jpg|thumb|Umufana wa Rayon sport]] '''Imanizabayo Florence''' avuka mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]], ni bucura mu muryango w’abana bane. Imanizabayo Florence ni umukinnyi akaba ari rutahizamu w'ikipe ya Kampala Queens FC yo muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], ni ikipe ikinamo [[Umugore|abagore]] gusa ya KCCA aho ikina Shampiyona y’Icyiciro cya Mbere muri Uganda Yashinzwe mu 2016, ikaba yeregukana Igikombe cya Shampiyona, ibyo bikaba biyihesha kuzasohokera igihugu cya Uganda mu mikino ya CAF Women’s Champions League. Yasinyiye mu gihe cyigera ku myaka ibiri 2, ni nyuma yo kuva mw' ikipe ya [[Rayon Sports Women Football Club]].<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/inshundura-arazihumurirwa-ni-haaland-w-i-kigali-imanizabayo-yavuze-ku-buzima</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/2100/sports/football/rayon-sports-women-sign-imanizabayo</ref> Yatsinze ibitego 60 mu mwaka we wa mbere muriyo ikipe, aho yayifashije iyi kipe kwegukana Igikombe cya Shampiyona y’Icyiciro cya Kabiri mu mwaka wayo wa mbere mu Rwanda no kugera ku mukino wa nyuma mu gikombe cy'amahoro na [[AS Kigali]] y'abagore ibitego 3 kuri 2. Florence ni umukinnyi wa Ikipe y’Igihugu y’u Rwanda y'umupira w'amaguru y'abagore .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mail.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/imanizabayo-wakiniraga-rayon-sports-wfc-yabonye-ikipe-nshya-muri-uganda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-06 |archive-date=2023-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806102730/https://mail.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/imanizabayo-wakiniraga-rayon-sports-wfc-yabonye-ikipe-nshya-muri-uganda |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kglnews.com/index.php/2023/08/02/rutahizamu-wa-rayon-sports-yabagore-imanizabayo-florence-uzwi-nka-halland-yasinye-mu-ikipe-yo-muri-uganda/?fbclid=IwAR14mfIuoHrJeOSsitwox4tEFV5xFCZQymcatJA4fKxH0KCqUbP12nDfNtI |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-06 |archive-date=2023-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806103123/https://kglnews.com/index.php/2023/08/02/rutahizamu-wa-rayon-sports-yabagore-imanizabayo-florence-uzwi-nka-halland-yasinye-mu-ikipe-yo-muri-uganda/?fbclid=IwAR14mfIuoHrJeOSsitwox4tEFV5xFCZQymcatJA4fKxH0KCqUbP12nDfNtI |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games Football Women Special Olympics Germany with Special Olympics Rwanda 1.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] == Gukina umupira == Imanizabayo Florence [[umupira w’amaguru]] yawutangiye yiga mu mashuri abanza mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]], ubwo umutoza wamufashije kuzamura impano z’abato, witwa ’Vigoureux’. Yakiniye amakipe ya Remera Rukoma, ayivamo yinjira muri [[AS Kigali]] yakiniye imyaka itanu, aza kubengukwa na [[Rayon Sports Women Football Club]].<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago]] oikyqa7u7fv8o0874cimxnuan8h9v9v 0 13526 137086 132136 2026-09-14T13:17:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyange secondary school Genocide Memorial 02.jpg|thumb|Ishuri ry'Inyange]] == Ubutwari bw'abana b'Inyange mu [[Rwanda]] == Ishuri ryisumbuye ry'Inyange riri mucyahoze ari kivumu muri perefegitura ya kibuye ubu akaba ari mu <ref name=":0">https://www.blogtalkradio.com/radioitahuka/2017/02/02/umunsi-wintwari-ni-balinga-abana-binyange-baracyategereje-ubutabera</ref> [[Akarere ka Ngororero|karere ka ngororero]], iri shuri ryaranzwe kandi rimenyekana cyane mugihe abacengezi bateraga u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 1997, ubwo abana bahigaga banze kwitandukanya mu moko bashaka kwica abatutsi maze bakabwira abacengezi ko bose ari [[abanyarwanda]], bikabaviramo no kwicwa bamwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibikorwa by'ubutwari byakozwe n;abana b'inyange == Mu mwaka wa 1997 nibwo abacengezi binjiye muri iryo shuri maze basaba abana kwitandukana bagira bati<ref name=":1">https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Abatuye-muri-Ngororero-bashimye-ubutwari-bwaranze-abanyeshuri-bi-Nyange</ref> abatusi ukwabo n'abahutu ukwabo, maze abana nabo basubiza bagira bati twe turi [[Rwanda Nziza|abanyarwanda]], hari hashize imyaka itatu (3) [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] irangiye, bivuzengo ibikomere ndetse n'ingaruka byari bikiri mu banyarwanda gusa uburere n'indangagaciro abarezi babo ndetse n'umuryango [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR INKOTANYI]] bari bamaze kubatoza, byatumye abana bafata umwanzuro wo kutitandukanya bemera kwitwa [[abanyarwanda]] bose bimika ndi Umunyarwanda, bemera gushyira hamwe no gutabarana batitaye kungaruka zari bukurikire.<ref name=":1" /> == Ibyaranze bamwe muribo == Amakuru avugako harimo umwana wari ufite papa we umubyara wari ufungiye ibyaha bya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi<ref name=":2">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ubutwari-bw-abana-b-i-nyange-banze-kuvuga-ubwoko-bwabo-ni-urugero-rw-uko-ndi</ref>, maze ubwo abacengezi binjiraga umwana amenyamo umwe maze amusaba imbabazi ngo abababarire ntibicwe, maze umucengezi nawe amusaba kumutandukanyiriza abatutsi umwana nawe aratsemba avuga ko bose ari [[Abanyarwanda|abanyarwanda.]]<ref name=":2" /> == Intandaro == Abana b'Inyange baje kwigira inama yo gusohoka biruka batabaza, kugirango bamenyeshe n'abandi ko batewe maze bahunge, nuko abacengezi babateramo gerenade ihitana abagera kuri batandatu (6) abandi barakomereka bikabije.<ref name=":2" /> == Kugeza ubu == Kugeza ubu mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] hari ubyiciro bigera kuri bitatu by'Intwari aribyo<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ubutwari-bw-abana-b-i-nyange-banze-kuvuga-ubwoko-bwabo-ni-urugero-rw-uko-ndi</ref>: IMANZI, IMENA, n'INGENZI. Akaba ari bamwe mubagize ubutwari bwo kurinda u [[Rwanda]] n'[[abanyarwanda]] birengagije inyungu zabo bwite<ref>https://www.blogtalkradio.com/radioitahuka/2017/02/02/umunsi-wintwari-ni-balinga-abana-binyange-baracyategereje-ubutabera</ref>. == Imena == Imena nicyo kiciro abana b'Inyange babarizwamo kugeza ubu, kubera ubutwari bagaragaje no gushyigikira<ref name=":3">https://web.archive.org/web/20230130140400/https://genesisbizz.com/Ubutwari-bw-abana-b-i-Nyange-ni-isomo-ku-banyarwanda-Nkusi-Deo</ref> ubunyarwanda batitaye kunyungu zabo bwite kugeza ubwo bibaviriyemo kwitwa Intwari z'[[igihugu]].<ref name=":3" /> ===== ''Indanganturo'' ===== <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] __INDEX____NEWSECTIONLINK__ __FORCETOC__ s3q6chszpqnlc2n7fsnadycmf0fz9we 3 13527 137138 134694 2026-09-14T15:31:34Z MediaWiki message delivery 4287 /* Tech News: 2026-38 */ new section 137138 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 31 Mutarama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:49, 14 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:58, 21 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == Kora Amakuru : 2023-09 == <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Ibishya '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News | amakuru yikoranabuhanga]]''' bivuye mumuryango wa tekinike Wikimedia. Nyamuneka bwira abandi bakoresha ibijyanye n'izo mpinduka. Impinduka zose ntizizakugiraho ingaruka. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09 | Ubusobanuro]] birahari. '''Ibibazo''' * Icyumweru gishize, mu bice bimwe na bimwe byisi, habaye ibibazo byo gupakira impapuro muminota 20 no kuzigama ibyahinduwe muminota 55. Ibi bibazo byatewe nikibazo na seriveri yacu yo kubika bitewe nibintu bitunguranye mugihe cyibikorwa bisanzwe byo kubungabunga. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Impinduka nyuma yiki cyumweru''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Ikintu gisubirwamo]] [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25 | verisiyo nshya]] ya MediaWiki izaba iri kuri wikisi yikizamini na MediaWiki.org kuva {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|rw}}. Bizaba kuri wikisi itari Wikipedia na Wikipedi zimwe kuva {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|rw}}. Bizaba kuri wikisi zose kuva {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|rw}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap | kalendari]]). * Wiki zose zizasomwa gusa muminota mike ku ya 1 Werurwe. Ibi birateganijwe kuri [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 6 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 21 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:14, 28 werurwe 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 3 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:54, 18 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:03, 24 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> 16:55, 22 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 29 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:52, 5 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:52, 12 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:09, 19 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 26 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 7 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 06:00, 15 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> 15:25, 21 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 4 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 11 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 18 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:27, 3 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:16, 23 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:06, 6 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 27 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:12, 12 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 18 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:20, 9 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 23 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:49, 13 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:37, 19 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 18 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 25 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 8 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:34, 30 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 6 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 13 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:33, 24 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:32, 8 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 23 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 29 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 5 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 12 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:54, 20 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:34, 26 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 3 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:03, 17 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 23 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:20, 30 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 7 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 14 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 21 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:56, 28 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 4 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 12 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:01, 19 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:23, 2 Ukuboza 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:16, 9 Ukuboza 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:25, 16 Ukuboza 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 10 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 1 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:01, 21 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 16 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 29 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:45, 8 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Ukuboza 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Gashyantare 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 werurwe 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:49, 15 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:05, 23 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:48, 29 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:57, 6 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:12, 13 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:47, 21 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:50, 27 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 3 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 10 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 17 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 31 Kanama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:45, 7 Nzeri 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]]. * The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a "read more" button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks. * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:31, 14 Nzeri 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> ekuzv7u3b4r2jcexh8bzqt6cgnwbbar 0 13563 137087 98908 2026-09-14T13:17:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137087 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gusasira urutoki.jpg|thumb|insina]] [[Dosiye:Urutoki.jpg|thumb|Urutoki rweze]] [[Dosiye:GUSHARIRA URUTOKI.jpg|thumb|Gufumbira cyangwa Gusasira urutoki]] Semwiza yigeze kuba atunzwe n’akazi k’ubumotari ndetse ageraho anagura imodoka yo gutwara abagenzi ariko ibi byose yarabiretse, yiyemeza guhinga urutoki. Anafite gahunda yo kubyaza uru rutoki umusaruro kuko yenga inzoga y’urwagwa apfundikira mu macupa. [[Dosiye:Umurima wurutoki.jpg|alt=Banana trees|thumb|Urutoki]] Ngo impamvu Semwiza yiyemeje kuba umuhinzi w’urutoki ni ukubera ko yabonye rutanga umusaruro ufatika. Yagize ati “nagiye gutemberera iburasirazuba ndeba ukuntu urutoki rutanga umusaruro mwiza iyo rwitaweho, ni uko nanjye niyemeza kuruhinga. No kuba mu kwenga urwagwa nararindaga kujya kugura ibitoki, byatumye niyemeza guhinga urutoki.” [[File:A banana platation with clouds above a green mountainous scenery in Western Uganda 02.jpg|thumb|A banana platation with clouds above a green mountainous scenery in Western Uganda 02]] == Ubuhinzi bw'urutoki == Ruhingwa cyane ku nkombe z’i Kivu, umurambi n’umukenke by’iburasirazuba. Ruhingwa mu butaka bw’ibumba rivanze n’imborera kandi buhitisha amazi. === amoko yamamazwa === • Ibitoki biribwa: Ingaju, Mbwaziruma, Injagi, Mpologoma, Icyerwa,... • Ibitoki by’imineke: Poyo, Kamaramasenge, FHIA 17, FHIA 25, Gros Michel, ... Gutegura umurima: • Kurwanya isuri. • Guhinga umurima. • Gucukura imyobo ya cm 60 z’ubujyakuzimu na cm 60 z’umurambararo; ubutaka buvuye hejuru busubizwa mu mwobo bukavangwa n’ifumbire. === Gufumbira === • Bashyira Kg 20 z’ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza mu mwobo umwe. • Bakongeramo g 125 za NPK17.17.17 cyangwa g 125 za Urea, mu mwobo, mu gihe cy’itera . • Nyuma insina zimaze gukura, ifumbire ijya ishyirwa ku muzenguruko w’insina (muri cm 60) mu ibimba ritari rirerire kugira ngo imizi y’insina itangirika (rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu mwaka). === Gutera imibyare === • Batera imibyare ivuye mu rutoki rutarwaye kandi rwera neza, isongoye hejuru, ifite inguri nini, imizi n’ibitaka byavanweho; ikagira n’uburebure buri hagati ya cm 80 na m 1,50. Batera imibyare iri hagati ya 1.100 kuri Ha. • Batera kuri m 3 hagati y’imirongo na m 3 ku mirongo (hagati y’umwobo n’undi), bitewe n’ubwoko. • Bashyira umubyare umwe mu mwobo. • Igihe cy’itera: biba byiza cyane iyo urutoki rutewe mu mvura y’umuhindo yo muri Nzeri cg Ukwakira kuko imvura y’impeshyi isanga zimaze gukura. Icyakora no mu mvura ya Gashyantare bashobora gutera urutoki. Kurukenura (Kurukorera cg Kurufata neza): • Gusasira, gushangurura, kuzicira, gukata imyanana, kuzitega inzego. • Kurimbura inguri zishaje. • Gusimbura urutoki rushaje. === Igihe rwerera === • Hagati y’amezi 12 na 15 ku bitoki by’inzoga n’ibiribwa. • Hagati y’amezi 18 na 20 ku bitoki by’imineke. === Indwara n’ibyonnyi === === A). indwara z’ingenzi n’uburyo bwo kuzirwanya === Indwara ya Fizariyoze iterwa n’agahumyo bita Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. cubense; insina yafashwe amakoma agenda ahinduka umuhondo uhereye kuyo hasi. Nyuma y’iminsi mike amakoma aruma maze agatendera ku mutumba, umwumba nawo uhita wuma. Iyo utemye umutumba usangamo ububore bugaragazwa n’amabara y’ikigina n’ayirabura. Iyi ndwara yibasira cyane ubwoko bw’insina za Kayinja, Gros michel, Kamaramasenge n’izindi. • Basarura hagati ya 8 T na 35 T/Ha z’ibitoki bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga. • Babica igihe bikomeye, bagahita babiteka cyangwa babitara hanyuma bakabivanamoumutobe, urwagwa….; mu nganda bavanamo ibisuguti na za divayi zinyuranye. === Reba === # https://web.archive.org/web/20230213122017/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwurutoki.html?m=1 # https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/yaretse-ibindi-yakoraga-yiyemeza-guhinga-urutoki-bya-kijyambere * * * m2uukl51mffcub18leqlxouvsiqybgv 0 13610 137050 90399 2026-09-14T13:11:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137050 wikitext text/x-wiki == Isuri == [[Dosiye:Eroding rill in field in eastern Germany.jpg|thumb|kwangirika cy'ane ku murima bitewe n'isuri]] Isuri cyangwa se icyo bita Soil Erosion mu ndimi za mahanga ni igikorwa giterwa no kwangirika k'ubutaka. isuri ikaba yiganjemo ibice byinshi harimo : -Isuri y'amazi -isuri y'urubura -isuri y'umuyaga bakunze kwita aeolean mundimi za mahanga hamwe n'isuri ya Antropogene . Gutakaza ubutaka buva mu murima bishobora guteza igihombo gikomeye bikagaragarira, mukugabanyuka kw'umusaruro., ubwiza bw'amazi yo hasi no kwangiza imiyoboro y'amazi muri rusange , isuri y'ubutaka nayo ishobora gutera umwobo.[https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/4/951] == Ikigereranyo == Ibikorwa by'abantu byi yongereraho inshuro 10-50 igipimo cy'isuri igaragara kw'isi yose. isuri ikabije itera ibibazo bikabije aribyo kubura kubutaka [https://books.google.rw/books?id=7YBaKZ-28j0C&pg=PA1&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false] , no kugabanuka k'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi no gusenyuka kw'ibidukikije sibyo gusa ndetse dutakaza n'ubutaka bukungahaye ku ntungamubiri [https://books.google.rw/books?id=Wj3690PbDY0C&pg=PA2&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false] isuri y'amazi n'umuyaga nibyo bibiri nyamukuru bitera kwangirika [[Dosiye:IL-negev-wadi.jpg|thumb|kwangirika gukomeye gutewe n'isuri]] kw'ubutaka ahasaga 84% by'ubutaka bwarangiritse kw'isi bigatuma isuri ikabije ari kimwe mu bibazo bidukikije ku Isi [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-005-1262-8] du878vu42tnmjsoqe3bgxmbare2ez8b 0 13621 137017 124811 2026-09-14T13:11:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137017 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Station meteo dole.jpg|thumb|Meteo rwanda|176x176px]][[Dosiye:Purple rain on roof.jpg|thumb|Imvura iri kugwa|167x167px]] Meteo Rwanda ni Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere mu [[Rwanda]]. == Meteo Rwanda == Meteo Rwanda ni Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere mu [[Rwanda]], gicungwa hakurikijwe amategeko agenga ibigo bya leta kuko kibarizwa mu bigo bya Leta kibarizwa muri [[Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, Amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ( MoEFCC )|Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/article/mu-rwanda-abantu-40-bamaze-guhitanwa-n-ibiza-guhera-muri-mutarama</ref> == Igihe cyatangiriye == Mu Rwanda ibipimo bya by’imvura n’ubushyuhe byatangiye gufatwa ahagana mu mwaka wa 1930 gusa bwa mbere bukaba bari barashyizeho uko bazajya bapima mu mwaka wa 1906 mu Ntaray’Amajyepfo I Save.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.meteorwanda.gov.rw/index.php?id=12&L=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-14 |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214205746/https://www.meteorwanda.gov.rw/index.php?id=12&L=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imvura == [[Dosiye:Airfield wind direction indicators.png|thumb|164x164px|Bimwe mubikoreshon meteo rwanda ikoresh]] Meteo-Rwanda ivugako ibihe by'imvura byahindutse ndetse n'ibipimo birahinduka, ivugako Imvura iruta izindi ngo izaba iri hagati ya milimetero 40 na 60 mu burengerazuba ndetse n'imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 20 na 40 mu intara y'amajyauguru.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/imvura-y-umuhindo-yacitse-meteo-rwanda</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/meteo-rwanda-yateguje-imvura-nke-mu-bice-byinshi-by-igihugu-mu-mezi-2-ari-mbere</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 48l3b7bw6oguln9159v4fprc2kd8tpa 0 13629 136789 112944 2026-09-14T13:05:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136789 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abafundi.jpg|thumb|Amatafari ya Rukarakara|180x180px]] [[Dosiye:Bricks Making process.jpg|thumb|kubumba ama|200x200px]] Amatafari ya rukarakara akoreshwa no mu mujyi wa [[kigali]]. == Itangiriro == [[Dosiye:Umubumbyi.jpg|thumb|Umubumbyi|182x182px]] '''Amatafari ya rukarakara''' cyangwa '''rukarakara''' ni itafari ribumbwe hakoreshejwe itaka n'amazi, rikumishwa n'izuba bityo rikaba ryakoresha ritanyuze mu ifuru y'umuriro, Rukarakara ushobora gushyiramo ibyatsi bitewe n'ubutaka cyangwa imiterere yaho rikorewe.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ikigo-gishinzwe-imyubakire-cyemeje-ikoreshwa-ry-amatafari-ya-rukarakara</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyagatare-inzu-yubakishije-amatafari-ya-rukarakara-bitarasabiwe-uruhushya-izasenywa</ref><ref name=":2">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/hasohotse-amabwiriza-avuguruye-yo-kubakisha-amatafari-ya-rukarakara</ref><ref name=":3">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amatafari-ya-rukarakara-yemerewe-kubakishwa-inzu-zo-guturamo</ref> == Aho akoreshwa == Amatafari ya rukarakara akoreshwa hose mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]], mu mijyi ndetse n'[[umujyi wa Kigali]] haba no mucyaro.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Uko yubakwa == Amatafari ya rukarakara yubakwa muburyo bwinshi nka butatu haba '''butisi''': ni ukubaka rukaraka ugaragaza ubugari mu mbavu z'urukuta, '''panderesi''' ni ukubaka rukaraka ugaragaza uburebure mu mbavu z'urukuta cyangwa '''broke'''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] nvw863pqw0ijrmxpbvwixquv7ng7a61 0 13649 136766 116043 2026-09-14T13:04:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The hidden fires of the Flame Nebula.jpg|thumb|Inyenyeri|235x235px]] [[File:Starsinthesky.jpg|thumb|Starsinthesky|139x139px]] [[File:Messier 041 2MASS.jpg|thumb|Messier 041 2MASS|184x184px]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Stephan's Quintet Hubble 2009.full.jpg|thumb|Inyanyeri|130x130px]] Inyenyeri, ni ikintu kizunguruka mu kirere, gifite icyerekezo kiganamo, kigaragara ahanini nku muzenguruko cyangwa nkuruziga, kandi gifite imiterere yayo nkikintu gikomeye cyane.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/habonetse-inyenyeri-nini-igenda-isatira-isi</ref> == Amabara yi nyenyeri == Inyenyeri ntizihuje ubwiza, cyangwa urumuri rwazo kuko ruratandukanye, hagaragara zimwe ari umweru izindi zikaba ibara ry'ubururu, ibara ry'umuhondo cyangwa ibara ry'umutuku.<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/inyenyeri-isobanura-yesu.hmtl</ref> == Urumuri == Urumuri ni urukurikirane rw’udushashi duto cyane, twagereranywa nanone n’utumanyu dutanga ingufu z'urumuri.<ref>https://wol.jw.org/rw/wol/d/r127/lp-yw/102012047#h=5</ref> == Uko amabara atandukana == Inyenyeri zigira ubushyuhe bwinshi, zohereza udushashi tw’urumuri dutanga ingufu nyinshi, utwo dushashi tukaba ari tugufi, ari byo bituma tugira ibara ry’ubururu. Inyenyeri zigira ubushyuhe buke, zo zikwirakwiza udushashi tw’urumuri dufite imbaraga nke, iyo ikaba ari yo mpamvu zigira ibara ry’umutuku. Izuba, ari yo nyenyeri isi yacu izenguruka, ryo riri hagati kuko ryohereza udushashi twinshi tw’urumuri dufite ibara ry’icyatsi kivanze n’umuhondo.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/cwr9jrg9k11t</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] b7svbvb60a1icpzitzf6sk7nwryz07s 0 13726 136767 128044 2026-09-14T13:04:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GisenyiBeach.jpg|thumb|Gisenyi Beach|153x153px]] [[Dosiye:Death Valley Mesquite Flats Sand Dunes 2013.jpg|thumb|Umucanga wo ku musozi|150x150px]] [[Dosiye:Tas de sable à Alabadè au Togo 02.jpg|thumb|umucanga|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Mesquite Sand Dunes in Death Valley.jpg|thumb|umucanga|172x172px]] [[Dosiye:Dune de sable au parc Culturel De l'Ahaggar crop.jpg|thumb|umucanga|168x168px]] == mucanga ni iki ? == [[Dosiye:Sand at Hathab Bunglow Beach.jpg|thumb|Umucanga w'umukorano|166x166px]] [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu shore at Gisenyi.jpg|thumb|Lake Kivu shore at Gisenyi|212x212px]] Umucanga ni utubuyenge duto, tuba tuva kukintu kigizwe n'ibibumbano by'amabuye, cyangwa se ku bice byibintu byasenyutse, bigizwe n'ibice bito cyane kurusha amabuye, ukoreshwa mu byuma, mu birahuri, mu bikoresho bisukura, no mu bikoresho by'ububumbyi. == Aho uturuka n'igiciro == Habaho imicanga itandukanye hariho umucanga w'imusozi hamwe n'umucnga wo mu mazi. umucanga w’imusozi igura amafaranga ibihumbi 10 naho uwo mu mazi ukagura ibihumbi 12.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/Kamonyi-Ubucukuzi-bw-umucanga-ni-kimwe-mu-bikorwa-byinjiriza-amafaranga-abatari</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Ntibavuga-rumwe-ku-ihagarikwa-ry-ubucukuzi-bw-umucanga</ref><ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-uwacukuraga-umucanga-muri-ruhurura-yagwiriwe-n-ibitaka-ahita-apfa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/gakenke-imidoka-itwaye-umucanga-yaciye-ikiraro-cya-kagoma/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216163733/https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/gakenke-imidoka-itwaye-umucanga-yaciye-ikiraro-cya-kagoma/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amoko yi micanga == Muri rusange habaho amoko y'imicanga itandukanye aha twavuga umucanga karemano ni umucanga uboneka mu migezi, mu nyanja cyangwa ku musozi itigeze inyura mu nganda, naho umucanga ukorwa n'abantu ( sable artificiels ) ni umucanga ukorwa nabantu, kuko uboneka aruko ukubise ibuye namaboko ukoresheje inyundo cyangwa se ukanyuza ibuye mu mashini ziriswa rikavamo ryabaye umucanga.<ref>https://construction-maison.ooreka.fr/astuce/voir/617185/les-differents-types-de-sable</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-uwacukuraga-umucanga-muri-ruhurura-yagwiriwe-n-ibitaka-ahita-apfa</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Mu-karere-ka-Rutsiro-hari-ubwato-bwikorera-Toni-75-zumucanga-buwujyanye-muri-RDC</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Rubavu-Bahangayikishijwe-n-imashini-zicukura-umucanga-zisatira-irimbi</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Amazi]] gd3w2euugnn9n0cdqixbv6qmlq0nmqq 0 13734 136909 135648 2026-09-14T13:08:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136909 wikitext text/x-wiki Amabango y’ibiti yaka nka buji.[[Dosiye:Fire Of Faith (66055995).jpeg|thumb|buji y'ibiti|160x160px]] == Amabango == Buji y'ibiti ni udufungo duto tw’amabango, umuntu yagereranya n’utwase dutoya. Aya mabango yaka nka buji, yifashishwa mu gufatisha imbabura.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ntibisanzwe/Amabango-y-ibiti-yaka-nka-buji</ref> == Amavuta == [[Dosiye:Fire like clouds view. - Flickr - Faith Arefin.jpg|thumb|buji|167x167px]] Aya mabango nimeza arabonesha, Aba ameze nk’atose, mbega wagira ngo ni igiti kirimo amavuta, Amavuta ubona atose cyane ariko na none atajojoba. Impumuro yayo wagira ngo ni iy’igiti cya sipure, cyangwa icya pinusi.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibindi == [[Dosiye:Single candle in brass holder st Johns Lutheran.jpg|thumb|161x161px|Buji kugitereko cyayo]] aya mabango iyo umuntu ayakongeje, yaka nka buji. Ariko ngo iyo yabaye ku zuba igihe kirekire agakamukamo ya mavuta umuntu ayabonamo, ntiyaka neza, kuko aba yabaye nk’inkwi zisanzwe. ushobora gufata akabango ka cm nk’eshanu z’uburebure, ukagakatamo utundi tubango dutoya, hanyuma bagashyira ku makara bashaka gucana. Ngo utu duti tujya gushira amakara bashakaga gukongeza yafashwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 6qgopoa9cdczsr8wsci4dgp9od1877y 0 13747 136790 113457 2026-09-14T13:05:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136790 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Garbage Life.jpg|thumb|166x166px|Ikimoteri bamenamo imyanda]] == Balton ni Iki ? == [[Dosiye:Recycle bin for glass Petersburg 2020.jpg|thumb|INGARANI|193x193px]] Balton Rwanda yageze mu '''[[Rwanda]]''' mu mwaka 2007, ikaba ishami rya sosiyete y’Abongeleza yitwa Balton Group isanzwe ifite ubunararibonye mu gutanga serivise zitandukanye mu bice byose by’ubukungu cyane cyane mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bwihuta bwita cyane kubidukikije.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/balton-rwanda-mu-rugamba-rwo-gukwirakwiza-ingarani-zagenewe-kurinda-umwanda-wa</ref> == Intego == Ikigo Balton [[Rwanda]] gifite intego yo gukwirakwiza ingarani zagenewe gukumira umwanda ugaragara mu bwiherero abagore bashaka kujugunya impapuro z’isuku zizwi nka cotex (Sanitary pads) zishobora gukurura izindi ndwara mu gihe zidacunzwe neza.<ref name=":0" /> Ikibazo cyo kujugunya za cotex ziba zakoreshejwe ahabonetse hose gikunda kugaragara ahenshi mu bwiherero busange bwo mu [[Rwanda]], bitewe n’uko nta habugenewe ho kujugunya iyo myanda ishobora guteza izindi ndwara.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/minisitiri-mbabazi-yagereranyije-abanywa-ibiyobyabwenge-n-ingarani</ref> == Ikibazo gihari == [[Dosiye:Ibishingwe.jpg|thumb|Imyanda|177x177px]] Ikibazo cyo kujugunya za cotex ziba zakoreshejwe ahabonetse hose gikunda kugaragara ahenshi mu bwiherero busange bwo mu [[Rwanda]], bitewe n’uko nta habugenewe ho kujugunya iyo myanda ishobora guteza izindi ndwara, Izi cotex ziba zirimo amaraso ku buryo ziramutse zitajugunywe neza zishobora gutera izindi ndwara zandurira mu maraso zirimo nka virus itera [[SIDA]], Hepetite B na C ku muntu waba uzikozeho afite atikingiye cyangwa afite igisebe.<ref name=":0" /> == Mu bidukikije == [[Dosiye:Waste collection point.jpg|thumb|174x174px|Aho iyi kampani ikusanyiriza ibyanda bitabora mukubungabunga ibidukikije]] Mu gutwara iyo myanda ikigo Balton gikorana n’ikindi gisanzwe gitwara imyanda bigatwarwa mu mashashi yabugenewe afite ibara ritukura bikajyanwa gutwikwa. Balton Yatangaje ko ubu buryo bakorana isuku kandi ntibibe bigaragarira amaso y’abantu ku buryo byabahungabanya ku munuko cyangwa ngo byangirikire mu nzira.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 6rszs5gr7aviip041w5d3qc1pxyqjsg 0 13752 136791 114186 2026-09-14T13:05:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136791 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hambrick's Christmas Tree Farm, Leyland Cypress Christmas trees and Arizona Cypress Christmas trees.jpg|thumb|Ibiti bya Sipure|325x325px]] == Sipure == [[Dosiye:Igiti 5123.jpg|thumb|igiti sipure|156x156px]] Igiti cya sipure ini giti gikunze gukoreshwa mu kubaka urugo ( couverture ) cyangwa mu kuba mu ma shyamba , ndetse igiti cya sipure ni nacyo giti gikuzwe gukoreshwa mu kubaka ikirugu ( Christimas free ).<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/opinion/article/menya-ubusobanuro-bw-umutako-w-igiti-cya-noheri-ikirugu-n-umuntu-wagishyize-mu</ref> == Kuri noheri == [[Dosiye:Weihnachtsbaum Römerberg.jpg|thumb|Ikirugu cyatangiye ari igiti cya sipure|187x187px]]Heshi ibihugu bitandukanye by’[[isi]] abantu baritegura umunsi mukuru w’ivuka rya Yesu ryitwa Noheri. Mu minsi nkiyi abantu baba bagura ibiti biranga ko habaye Noheri bagamije kubitaka mu mazu yabo , mu biro ndetse n’ahandi heshi hari abantu benshi rero hari n’ababa badafite ubushobozi buhagije bagashaka aho batema igiti cya sipure kugirango babyifashishe mu kubaka ikirugu cya [[Noheli|Noheri]].<ref name=":0" /> == Byatangiye gute == Umutako w’igiti cya Noheri ubusanzwe watangiye gukoreshwa mu mazu y’abantu hagati y’ikinyejana cya 14 kugeza 15. Akaba aribwo abakristu batangiye gukoresha kiriya giti nk’umutako ufite ubusobanuro mu gihe hizihizwa umunsi w’ivuka rya Yezu. ijoro ribanziriza [[Noheli]], umudage Martin Luther yarimo agendagenda mu ishyamba abona inyenyeri zimurikira mu mashami y’ibiti . Avuga ko icyo gihe kuri we byari byiza ndetse ko byamwibukije [[Yesu]] wasize inyenyeri zo mu ijuru akaza mu [[isi]].<ref name=":0" /> == Ibidukikije == [[Dosiye:Tree in Mississippi.jpg|thumb|166x166px|Igiti]] Igiti cya sipure ni kimwe mu biti bikoreshwa mugutunganya ubusitani, kwita ku [[Ibidukikije|bidukikije]], guhinga [[Ishyamba rya Makera|ishyamba]] ritanga umwuka mwiza, ndetse ninacyo giti cya sipure gikoreshwa mu kubaka ikirugu.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 7ton4ido4nsuqinsg5bnc1lh8yecgyt 0 13756 136939 133328 2026-09-14T13:09:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Terracettes above Kingston near Lewes - geograph.org.uk - 1822067.jpg|thumb|Amaterasi y'indinganire|163x163px]] [[Dosiye:Mountain in Rutsiro district, western Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Amaterasi|167x167px]] [[Dosiye:Terrace farming Uttarakhand.jpg|thumb|Amaterase|173x173px]] == Amaterasi == Amaterasi y’indinganire yabaye ipfundo rikomeye mu guhindura imibereho y’abatuye mu misozi miremire y’[[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]. Inyungu y’inyabutatu y’aya materasi ishingiye ku: * gufata ubutaka ntibutwarwe n’isuri, * kongera umusaruro * kandi aterwaho ubwatsi bugaburirwa amatungo byatumye inka zongera umukamo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/inyungu-yinyabutatu-mu-materasi-yindinganire/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217120727/https://panorama.rw/inyungu-yinyabutatu-mu-materasi-yindinganire/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyungu z'amaterasi == Amaterasi y’indinganire kuyakora byasabaga ingamba zo guca amaterasi y’indinganire n’abayakora ku misozi ihanamye kugira ngo bakumire isuri yangizaga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’ibidukikije, kubera ko mu mirima y’abaturage hamanukaga isuri igatwara imyaka, ifumbire, n’ubutaka ikabijyana mu kabande.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/huye-amaterasi-yindinganire-yakumiriye-isuri-yangizaga-ibidukikije-ku-misozi-ihanamye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217122211/https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/huye-amaterasi-yindinganire-yakumiriye-isuri-yangizaga-ibidukikije-ku-misozi-ihanamye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abahinzi b’ibirayi bahinga kijyambere mu materasi y’indinganire byabafashije kongera umusaruro kuko ngo wikubye inshuro zirenga eshatu nyuma y’uko batangiye guhinga kijyambere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/02/01/gicumbi-abahinzi-bibirayi-amaterasi-yindinganire-ngo-yabafashije-kongera-umusaruro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217123715/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/02/01/gicumbi-abahinzi-bibirayi-amaterasi-yindinganire-ngo-yabafashije-kongera-umusaruro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Terraces in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Amaterasi y'indinganire|190x190px]] == Muri Gicumbi == mushinga Green Gicumbi ukorera mu karere ka Gicumbi, Mu bikorwa by’ingenzi by’uyu mushinga harimo gutunganya amateraasi y’indinganire n’abayakora, gusazura amashyamba, kubungabunga amasoko y’icyogogo cy’umugezi w’Umuvumba, gutuza abaturage mu midugudu no kubafasha gucana batobona ibidukikije cyangwa ngo bahumanye ikirere.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/barahingaga-ntibeze-uko-amaterasi-yasembuye-ubuhinzi-bugezweho-i-gicumbi</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] h2isscbsmbks7xygarxgddtipl5344z 0 13763 136910 124027 2026-09-14T13:08:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136910 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Beech forest Molla, Sweden - 2021.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba rifata amazi]] [[Dosiye:Terrace farming Uttarakhand.jpg|thumb|Imirwanya suri]] [[Dosiye:Aerial View - Landschaft Markgräflerland1.jpg|thumb|imirwanya suri]] == Imiryanya Suri == [[Dosiye:Aerial View - Landschaft Markgräflerland (crop).jpg|left|thumb]] Imirwanya suri ni imwe muri pilitike za leta yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] , mukwita kubishanga, mu gutafa ubutaka ndeste nokurwanya isuri, Imiryanya suri ni icyobo gicukurwa mu butaka cyikaba gifite ubuhagarike butarenze cm 50 ndeste n'uburebure bucyenewe.<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/politiki-imwe-iyo-ipfuye-n-izindi-zirapfa-minisitiri-ingabire https://www.kigalitodahttps://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/politiki-imwe-iyo-ipfuye-n-izindi-zirapfa-minisitiri-ingabirey.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/politiki-imwe-iyo-ipfuye-n-izindi-zirapfa-minisitiri-ingabire]</ref> [[Dosiye:2020-03-27 (110) Rescue of a person in an alpine terrain in Schroffengegend, Loich, Austria.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka mwiza]] == IKORESHWA HEHE == Imiryanya Suri ifasha kubungabunga amashyamba irwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibihe, kandi ifasha mu kubungabunga umushinga ukanafasha ba nyir’ishyamba na Leta kuyasazura,ku buryo umusaruro wayo urushaho kwiyongera. Rero ntabwo amazi avamo cyangwa ajya mu ishyamba aryangize cyangwa imirima itandukanye ndetse ni muhanda.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gatsibo-imvura-yinshi-yasenye-amazu-12-yangiza-n-imyaka</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.wikirwanda.org/cache/news-7-11-11599-1html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217153816/https://www.igihe.wikirwanda.org/cache/news-7-11-11599-1html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Iibidukikije byita rimwe na rimwe ku ingemwe nziza z’amoko aberanye n’ubutaka hari nk' amoko 3 afasha cyane ariyo inturusu ya Mayideni,harimo Salinya na Galandise, kandi mugucukura imirwanya suri dukurikije uko ubuhaname bumeze, hanyuma kwirinda isuri ibishyitsi tukabishishura kugira ngo bizagende byumira aho biri muri rya shyamba rishya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rebero.co.rw/2022/01/27/abanyamuryango-ba-toha-kabuga-bemerewe-cana-rumwe-ntibarazibona-bose/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217153816/http://www.rebero.co.rw/2022/01/27/abanyamuryango-ba-toha-kabuga-bemerewe-cana-rumwe-ntibarazibona-bose/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/125430/rayon-sports-yifatanyije-nakarere-ka-nyanza-mu-muganda-mbere-yumukino-amafoto-125430.html</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Amazi]] 9f4mlpqccuq6pd58ofupv90ggbcq45z 137088 136910 2026-09-14T13:17:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Beech forest Molla, Sweden - 2021.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba rifata amazi]] [[Dosiye:Terrace farming Uttarakhand.jpg|thumb|Imirwanya suri]] [[Dosiye:Aerial View - Landschaft Markgräflerland1.jpg|thumb|imirwanya suri]] == Imiryanya Suri == [[Dosiye:Aerial View - Landschaft Markgräflerland (crop).jpg|left|thumb]] Imirwanya suri ni imwe muri pilitike za leta yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] , mukwita kubishanga, mu gutafa ubutaka ndeste nokurwanya isuri, Imiryanya suri ni icyobo gicukurwa mu butaka cyikaba gifite ubuhagarike butarenze cm 50 ndeste n'uburebure bucyenewe.<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/politiki-imwe-iyo-ipfuye-n-izindi-zirapfa-minisitiri-ingabire https://www.kigalitodahttps://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/politiki-imwe-iyo-ipfuye-n-izindi-zirapfa-minisitiri-ingabirey.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/politiki-imwe-iyo-ipfuye-n-izindi-zirapfa-minisitiri-ingabire]</ref> [[Dosiye:2020-03-27 (110) Rescue of a person in an alpine terrain in Schroffengegend, Loich, Austria.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka mwiza]] == Ikoreshwa hehe == Imiryanya Suri ifasha kubungabunga amashyamba irwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibihe, kandi ifasha mu kubungabunga umushinga ukanafasha ba nyir’ishyamba na Leta kuyasazura,ku buryo umusaruro wayo urushaho kwiyongera. Rero ntabwo amazi avamo cyangwa ajya mu ishyamba aryangize cyangwa imirima itandukanye ndetse ni muhanda.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gatsibo-imvura-yinshi-yasenye-amazu-12-yangiza-n-imyaka</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.wikirwanda.org/cache/news-7-11-11599-1html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217153816/https://www.igihe.wikirwanda.org/cache/news-7-11-11599-1html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Iibidukikije byita rimwe na rimwe ku ingemwe nziza z’amoko aberanye n’ubutaka hari nk' amoko 3 afasha cyane ariyo inturusu ya Mayideni,harimo Salinya na Galandise, kandi mugucukura imirwanya suri dukurikije uko ubuhaname bumeze, hanyuma kwirinda isuri ibishyitsi tukabishishura kugira ngo bizagende byumira aho biri muri rya shyamba rishya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rebero.co.rw/2022/01/27/abanyamuryango-ba-toha-kabuga-bemerewe-cana-rumwe-ntibarazibona-bose/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217153816/http://www.rebero.co.rw/2022/01/27/abanyamuryango-ba-toha-kabuga-bemerewe-cana-rumwe-ntibarazibona-bose/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/125430/rayon-sports-yifatanyije-nakarere-ka-nyanza-mu-muganda-mbere-yumukino-amafoto-125430.html</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Amazi]] fsfmawuye82zcxlp8yx6tap3logvzfs 0 13785 136871 124474 2026-09-14T13:07:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136871 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Adirondacks_in_May_2008.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Imisozi ya Adirondack ya Upstate New York igize igice cy'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwamashyamba-boreal inzibacyuho ecoregion]] [[Dosiye:Rwandan Amazing forest.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]] [[Dosiye:Fishlake National Forest, Fish Lake Basin, Red Aspen (29038103583).jpg|thumb|amashyamba]] [[Dosiye:Ishyamba rya Green Gicumbi.jpg|left|thumb]] '''Ishyamba''' Ni agace k'ubutaka bwiganjemo ibiti. Amajana asobanura amashyamba akoreshwa kwisi yose, akubiyemo ibintu nkubucucike bwibiti, uburebure bwibiti, imikoreshereze yubutaka, ubuzimagatozi, nibikorwa by ibidukikije. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n'ubuhinzi (FAO) risobanura ishyamba ngo, "Ubutaka bungana na hegitari zirenga 0,5 zifite ibiti birenga metero 5 kandi bitwikiriye ibiti birenga 10 ku ijana, cyangwa ibiti bishobora kugera kuri izo mbago aho biri. ntabwo ikubiyemo ubutaka bwiganjemo gukoreshwa mu buhinzi cyangwa mu mijyi. " Ukoresheje iki gisobanuro, Isuzuma ry’umutungo w’amashyamba ku isi (FRA 2020) ryerekanye ko amashyamba afite hegitari miliyari 4.06 (hegitari miliyari 10.0; kilometero kare 40,6; kilometero kare miliyoni 15.7), cyangwa hafi 31% by’ubutaka ku isi muri 2020<ref>https://visitrwanda.com/destinations/gishwati-mukura-national-park-2/</ref> [[Dosiye:Le Robert 2.png|thumb|Ishyamba]] Amashyamba ni yo yiganjemo urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo ku isi, kandi usanga ku isi hose. Kurenga kimwe cya kabiri cyamashyamba yisi aboneka mubihugu bitanu gusa (Burezili, Kanada, Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, na Amerika). Umugabane munini w’amashyamba (45 ku ijana) uri mu burebure bushyuha, ugakurikirwa n’uturere twa boreal, [[Dosiye:Gishwati_Natural_Forest_01.jpg|thumb|Gishwati Natural Forest 01]] ubushyuhe, na subtropic..<ref>https://www.expertafrica.com/rwanda/gishwati-mukura-national-park</ref> Amashyamba angana na 75% yumusaruro wambere wibinyabuzima byisi, kandi urimo 80% byibinyabuzima byisi. Umusaruro wibanze ubarirwa kuri 21.9 gigatonnes ya biomass kumwaka kumashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha, 8.1 kumashyamba ashyushye, na 2.6 kumashyamba ya boreal. <ref name="yude">{{Cite journal|pages=593–62}}</ref><ref>https://www.silverbackgorillatours.com/rwanda/gishwati-mukura-national-park-in-rwanda</ref> == Ishyamba kimeza == == Iriburiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba]] lodu7fakknfhz5yzomh9gciqjlsyn9e 0 13791 136977 115436 2026-09-14T13:10:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136977 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imiringoti.jpg|thumb|Umuringoti|167x167px]] == Intangiriro == Umuringoti ni igikorwa remezo gihuza ibintu n'ibindi, ncyangwa umuringoti ugafata amazi, cyangwa umuringoti bikavungwa mu buhinzi, aha Abaprezida ba Tanzaniya na Kenya bumvikanye umugambi wo kwubakira hamwe umuringoti uzotwara umwuka wa gaze, mu ntumbero yo kwongereza uguhanahana ibidandazwa no kugabanya ibiciro vy’amasoko ntanganguvu kuri ivyo bihugu bibiri.<ref name=":0">https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/6784551.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Kenya adm location map.svg|thumb|Ikarita ya Kenya|180x180px]] [[Dosiye:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Dr. John Magufuli, witnessing the signing and exchange of agreements, at the State House, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (5).jpg|thumb|Amasezerano |168x168px]] == kENYA NA TANZANIYA == Uwo muringoti uzubakwa ku burebure bw’ibirometero 600 hagati ya Dar es Salaam, ku murwa mukuru wa [[Tanzaniya]] na Mombasa muri [[Kenya]]. Ariko nta gihe cyashyizweho ibyo bikorwa bizatangirire gukoreraho.Mu mwaka ushize, Perezida Hassan wa Tanzaniya n’uwahoze ari prezida wa Kenya, Uhuru Kenyata barasinye amasezerano i Nairobi yari atumbereye gutanguza uwo mugambi, ariko gushika ubu ibyo bikorwa ntibyari bwatangire.<ref name=":0" /> == Amasezerano == Perezida Kenyatta yavuze ko we na Perezida Suluhu basinye ayo masezerano y’umuringoti uzotwara umwuka wa Gaze kugira ubuzima bw’abanyagihugu babo n’ubucuruzi bitere imbere. Ibyo bihugu byumvikanye kandi ko abategetsi bo mu gisata c’amagara y’abantu bagiye kuza barakorera hamwe ku bibazo vya COVID-19, cyane cyane ku kworohereza urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibintu. == Imirima y'abaturage == Abaturage bo mu Mirenge ya Busasamana, Bugeshi na Cyanzarwe mu Karere ka Rubavu babangamiwe n’amazi ava ku Kirunga cya Kalisimbi n’inkubi z’imiyaga iva mu Kibaya cya Congo bikabasenyera inzu, bikanangiza imiringoti y'imirima yabo. Babigarutseho mu Muganda Rusange usoza ukwezi k’Ugushyingo wabereye mu Karere ka Rubavu, mu Murenge wa Busasamana, Akagari ka Nyacyonga ku wa 26 Ugushyingo 2022. Imibare ya Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi(MINEMA) igaragaza ko muri uyu mwaka kuva muri Nzeri kugeza mu Ugushyingo 2022 hamaze kwangirika hegitari 230 z’imirima mu gihe inzu 53 n’ishuri rimwe byasenywe n’imvura n’umuyaga.<ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rubavu-imvura-imaze-kwangiza-hegitari-230-z-imirima-y-abaturiye-ikirunga-cya</ref> == Kubungabunga imiringoti == Mu kurwanya ibi biza, Umuganda Rusange wibanze ku gutera ibiti no kubaka ibiraro mu kurushaho kurwanya isuri iva mu Kirunga cya Kalisimbi ikangiza ibikorwa by’abaturage. Ku kibazo cy’umuyaga mwinshi uva mu Kibaya cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi, Kayisire Marie Solange, yabwiye abaturage ko nta muti babonera iki kibazo uretse kuzirika ibisenge by’inzu zabo bakazikomeza kuko umuyaga udakumirwa. Yasabye abaturage kuzirika ibisenge by’inzu no kuzihoma neza kuko bafite amahirwe yo kugira amabuye (amakoro) bubakisha umusingi ariko bakibagirwa kuzirika ibisenge no guhoma neza inzu zabo.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mu-mafoto-uko-umuganda-wakonzwe-mu-gihugu</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umurima]] 8v199ubk2yk42of3bo3c352bfk9iy5u 0 13798 136872 123549 2026-09-14T13:07:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136872 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gorillas at Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ingangi muri Parike y'ibirunga|168x168px]] [[Dosiye:Ikibumbano kwita kubinyabuzima.jpg|thumb|Ikibumbano kwita kubinyabuzima.|169x169px]] == AMOKO B'IBINYABUZIMA == [[Dosiye:Icyaricy inyoni mugiti.jpg|thumb|Inyoni|173x173px]] Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ni uruvange rw’amoko y’ubuzima n’imikoranire yayo n’iy’ibindi bidukikije byatumye isi iba ahantu honyine ho gutura ku bantu (CDB 2000). [[Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima|Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima]] tubona none rukomoka ku mamiliyaridi y’imyaka y’ihindagurika ryakozwe n’imitere y’ibikorwa by’umwimerere, hanyuma umuntu abigira mo uruhare rwagiye rurushaho gukomera. N’ubwo u [[Rwanda]] ari agahugu gatoya, rufite urusobe rw’ibintu bihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije (écosystèmes), ibimera n’[[inyamaswa]]. Kuba ruri hagati mu rwunge rw’ibibaya bya Rift Albertine mu ishami ry’amajyaruguru rya Rift Valley yo muri Afurika ni ikintu gifite icyo kimaze.<ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/article/menya-igitera-zimwe-mu-nyamaswa-kuzimira</nowiki></ref><ref name=":1"><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95416/ihungabana-ryibidukikije-rirongera-igabanuka-ryubukungu-bwisi-yose-95416.html</nowiki></ref> [[Dosiye:Haute-Savoie Lac de Roselend 31.jpg|thumb|Akarere kibiyaga bigari|168x168px]] == AKARERE == Aka karere ni kamwe mu bihugu byo mur[[Afurika|i Afurika]] bifite ibinyabuzima binyuranye kurusha ibindi bihugu. Gacumbikiye hafi 40 ku ijana by’amoko y’inyamaswa zonsa z’umugabane (amoko 402), urusobe rwaguye rw’inyoni (amoko 1.061), inyamaswa zikururuka n’iziba mu mazi zikaza no hanze (amoko 293), n’ibimera bitumburuka (amoko 5,793). ‘’Rift Albertine’’ ifashwe nk’aho ari yo ifite umutungo w'amoko y’ibinyabuzima kurusha ahandi muri Afurika. Ibonwa nk’aho ari indiri y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ifite inyamaswa zonsa zihakomoka kurusha ahandi hose muri Afurika : inyoni, ibinyugunyugu, amafi n’inyamaswa zo mu mazi ziza no ku butaka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Morten Village.JPG|thumb|Umudugudu wicyitegererezo|168x168px]] == IMITURIRE == Imiturire yo mu [[Rwanda]] iboneka rwagati muri ‘’Rift Albertine’’ na yo iranyuranye, uhereye ku rusobe rw’ibihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu byo mu misozi ya [[Afurika]] mu turere tw’amajyaruguru n’utw’uburenerazuba ukagera mu mashyamba yo mu mibande, ahantu h’ibiti bitatanye n’ahantu h’ubwatsi butoshye n’umukenke mu turere tw’amajyepfo n’utw’uburasirazuba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/umudugudu-uzaba-intangarugero-ugiye-kubakwa-na-kaminuza.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218204619/https://ar.umuseke.rw/umudugudu-uzaba-intangarugero-ugiye-kubakwa-na-kaminuza.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-ugiye-kuvugurura-imiturire-mu-bice-bya-muhima-na-gatsata</ref><ref name=":4">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/imigi-izunganira-kigali-mu-gutuza-abantu-neza-yamenyekanye</ref> == Ibindi == Habaho n’indi miturire ikikije amashyuza akomoka ku birunga no ku mu manuko w’ibirutsi by’ibirunga bya kera, cyane cyane mu gice cy’amajyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba bw’igihugu. U [[Rwanda]] rufite na none ibiyaga byinshi n’ahantu hahehereye henshi bikize mu kugira amoko anyuranye y’ibinyabuzima. N’ubwo ayo moko yose y’urusobe rw’ibihumeka n’ibidahumeka bigize ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije atarakorerwa neza ubushakashatsi, atunze urusobe rw’inyamaswa, [[ibimera]] n’udukoko ku bwinshi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] gi6c469ha7s000g1yg8qq8fs2f2ebky 137089 136872 2026-09-14T13:17:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gorillas at Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ingangi muri Parike y'ibirunga|168x168px]] [[Dosiye:Ikibumbano kwita kubinyabuzima.jpg|thumb|Ikibumbano kwita kubinyabuzima.|169x169px]] == Amoko b'ibinyabuzima == [[Dosiye:Icyaricy inyoni mugiti.jpg|thumb|Inyoni|173x173px]] Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ni uruvange rw’amoko y’ubuzima n’imikoranire yayo n’iy’ibindi bidukikije byatumye isi iba ahantu honyine ho gutura ku bantu (CDB 2000). [[Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima|Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima]] tubona none rukomoka ku mamiliyaridi y’imyaka y’ihindagurika ryakozwe n’imitere y’ibikorwa by’umwimerere, hanyuma umuntu abigira mo uruhare rwagiye rurushaho gukomera. N’ubwo u [[Rwanda]] ari agahugu gatoya, rufite urusobe rw’ibintu bihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije (écosystèmes), ibimera n’[[inyamaswa]]. Kuba ruri hagati mu rwunge rw’ibibaya bya Rift Albertine mu ishami ry’amajyaruguru rya Rift Valley yo muri Afurika ni ikintu gifite icyo kimaze.<ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/article/menya-igitera-zimwe-mu-nyamaswa-kuzimira</nowiki></ref><ref name=":1"><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95416/ihungabana-ryibidukikije-rirongera-igabanuka-ryubukungu-bwisi-yose-95416.html</nowiki></ref> [[Dosiye:Haute-Savoie Lac de Roselend 31.jpg|thumb|Akarere kibiyaga bigari|168x168px]] == Akarere == Aka karere ni kamwe mu bihugu byo mur[[Afurika|i Afurika]] bifite ibinyabuzima binyuranye kurusha ibindi bihugu. Gacumbikiye hafi 40 ku ijana by’amoko y’inyamaswa zonsa z’umugabane (amoko 402), urusobe rwaguye rw’inyoni (amoko 1.061), inyamaswa zikururuka n’iziba mu mazi zikaza no hanze (amoko 293), n’ibimera bitumburuka (amoko 5,793). ‘’Rift Albertine’’ ifashwe nk’aho ari yo ifite umutungo w'amoko y’ibinyabuzima kurusha ahandi muri Afurika. Ibonwa nk’aho ari indiri y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ifite inyamaswa zonsa zihakomoka kurusha ahandi hose muri Afurika : inyoni, ibinyugunyugu, amafi n’inyamaswa zo mu mazi ziza no ku butaka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Morten Village.JPG|thumb|Umudugudu wicyitegererezo|168x168px]] == Imiturire == Imiturire yo mu [[Rwanda]] iboneka rwagati muri ‘’Rift Albertine’’ na yo iranyuranye, uhereye ku rusobe rw’ibihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu byo mu misozi ya [[Afurika]] mu turere tw’amajyaruguru n’utw’uburenerazuba ukagera mu mashyamba yo mu mibande, ahantu h’ibiti bitatanye n’ahantu h’ubwatsi butoshye n’umukenke mu turere tw’amajyepfo n’utw’uburasirazuba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/umudugudu-uzaba-intangarugero-ugiye-kubakwa-na-kaminuza.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218204619/https://ar.umuseke.rw/umudugudu-uzaba-intangarugero-ugiye-kubakwa-na-kaminuza.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-ugiye-kuvugurura-imiturire-mu-bice-bya-muhima-na-gatsata</ref><ref name=":4">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/imigi-izunganira-kigali-mu-gutuza-abantu-neza-yamenyekanye</ref> == Ibindi == Habaho n’indi miturire ikikije amashyuza akomoka ku birunga no ku mu manuko w’ibirutsi by’ibirunga bya kera, cyane cyane mu gice cy’amajyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba bw’igihugu. U [[Rwanda]] rufite na none ibiyaga byinshi n’ahantu hahehereye henshi bikize mu kugira amoko anyuranye y’ibinyabuzima. N’ubwo ayo moko yose y’urusobe rw’ibihumeka n’ibidahumeka bigize ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije atarakorerwa neza ubushakashatsi, atunze urusobe rw’inyamaswa, [[ibimera]] n’udukoko ku bwinshi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] 2koziaavtpnd4vgy5qabfr92l01lg90 0 13812 136978 120365 2026-09-14T13:10:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136978 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ile Saint-Joseph Tour de l'île.jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije mu Rwanda|236x236px]] [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|ibidukikije|157x157px]] [[Dosiye:Amazi y'isoko rya kibira.jpg|left|thumb|Amazi|141x141px]] Ubundi u [[Rwanda]] rufite ubucucike mpuzandengo bw’abaturage mu 2002 wari 321 kuri km2 (INSR na ORC Macro 2006) naho umubare mpuzandengo ku buso bw’ubutaka bushobora guhingwa) wari urenze abantu 500 ku km2.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Abanyarwanda-bariyongera-ubutitsa-ariko-ubutaka-ni-bwa-bundi-hakurwe-iki</ref> [[Dosiye:Political allegiance of burgomasters in Rwanda at the beginning of April 1994.svg|thumb|U Rwanda|139x139px]] == Imiterere y’u Rwanda == Imiterere y’u [[Rwanda]] irangwa n’ibibaya, [[ibirwa]] n’imisozi bifite ubutumburuke mpuzandengo bwa metero1700. Agasongero gatumburutse kurusha ak’iyindi [[Imisozi|misozi]] ni aka Karisimbi gafite metero 4507 z'ubutumburuke. U [[Rwanda]] rufite imisozi ikomoka ku birunga mu nkengero z’amajyaruguru no mu ruhererekane rw’imisozi ahenshi mu gitwa cyo hagati. Nyamara, uruhande rw’uburasirazuba bw’igihugu rurarambaraye bihagije ku buryo rufite ubutumburuke mu nsi cyane ya metero1500. Ubutaka buri hasi mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba mu kibaya cya Bugarama ku butumburuke bwa metero 900m bubangikanye n’igisate mu butaka bw’ikibaya cya Rift.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/imiterere-y-umujyi-wa-kigali-ishobora-gutuma-abaturage-bibasirwa-n-ingaruka-z</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amafoto-1922/article/imiterere-ya-kimironko-kamwe-mu-duce-twihagazeho-mu-mujyi-wa-kigali-amafoto</ref> == Ikirere == Iyi miterere iha u [[Rwanda]] imiterere y’ikirere gitoshye kandi gifite ubukonje bitewe ahanini n’ubutumburuke. Ugereranije, ubushyuhe mu mwaka ni hafi 18,5o C, naho imvura igwa muri rusange ni hafi milimetero 1.250 mu mwaka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/article/indege-y-intambara-ya-drc-yongeye-kuvogera-ikirere-cy-u-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Indege-yintambara-ya-Kongo-yongeye-kuvogera-ikirere-cyu-Rwanda</ref> [[Dosiye:Sembrado de soja en argentina.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi mu Rwanda|150x150px]] == Ubuhinzi == Igihugu gitunzwe ahanini n’ubuhinzi, kikaba gifite amahitamo make yatuma kigabanya imbaraga nyinshi zisabwa umutungo w’ubutaka. Ubuhinzi butanga 47 ku ijana by’umusaruro w’igihugu ukomatanyije kandi buhagarariye 71 ku ijana by’amafaranga akomoka ku bicuruzwa hanze by’igihugu. Ni isoko y’ibanze yo kwinjizaamafaranga ya 87% y’abaturage (MINAGRI 2006). 52% by’ubuso bw’ubutaka ni bwo buhingwa gusa, hafi hegitari 1.385.000 (ROR 2004). Ubucucike bunini bw’abaturage hagati y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima butorohewe butuma umutungo kamere w’igihugu wangirika (ROR 2004).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zo4VZrU2R_U</ref> [[Dosiye:Flooded building and tree trunk in the muddy water of the Mekong in Si Phan Don, Laos, September 2019.jpg|thumb|Ibibazo byangiza ibidukikije.|157x157px]] == Ibibazo by'ibidukikije == Ibibazo bikuru bikuru by’ibidukikije ni ibijyanye n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ ubwiyongere bw’abaturage ugereranyije n’umutungo kamere nk’ubutaka, amazi, ibimera n’[[inyamaswa]] n’indi mitungo itisubirisha (MFEP 2000). Ibi bigaragazwa cyane n’iyangirika ry’ubutaka, isuri, igabanuka ry’uburumbuke bw’ubutaka, itemwa ry’amashyamba, iyangirika ry’ahantu hahehereye, [[Gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima|gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima]] no guhumana kw’ikirere n’ukw’ibidukikije.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Ibibazo-bigaragara-mu-guhererekanya-ubutaka-bigiye-gukemurwa-mu-mezi-abiri---Minisiteri-yIbidukikije</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nyaruguru-bibukijwe-ko-kubungabunga-ibidukikije-bidakwiye-guharirwa-abayobozi?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=facebook</ref> [[Dosiye:Hopetoun falls.jpg|thumb|ibidukikije|151x151px]] = Ingamba = [[Dosiye:DSC 0374 (5670035388).jpg|thumb|ibidukikije|139x139px]] [[Dosiye:Deforestation NZ TasmanWestCoast 2 MWegmann.jpg|thumb|159x159px|Imisozi kimwe mubidukikije]] tugomba kwirinda kubyangiza kuko kuko ari inkingi y'iterambere bikaba bifasha igihugu gutera imbere. [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] cbsc6nkoy9dj34gs01653rrhteocouy 0 13845 136873 133474 2026-09-14T13:07:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imbuto.jpg|thumb|Imbuto mu Rwanda.|168x168px]] [[Dosiye:ガマズミ1006 Viburnum dilatatum.JPG|thumb|imbuto|179x179px]] == Gutoranya Imbuto == [[Dosiye:Fruit Picking, Oxnard California (7618167580).jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwicyayi.|188x188px]] [[Dosiye:Sembrado de soja en argentina.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'imbuto|173x173px]] [[Ikigo cy'u Rwanda gishinzwe Imisoro n'Amahoro|Ikigo]] gitoranya imbuto zivanze, biturutse ku moko atandukanye bahuje, bakazihunika iminsi iri hagati ya 25 na 35 bitewe n’ubwoko bwa buri mbuto. Hagati aho ubutaka buba bwatunganyijwe kugira ngo izo mbuto zizahite ziterwa, kandi ubwo butaka bukagomba kuba burimo ifumbire ihagije n’uburyo bwo kuhira buhoraho. izi mbuto zihita ziterwa muri ubwo butaka hubahirijwe intera hagati ya buri rubuto n’urundi. Muri iki gihe kandi birinda guteramo imiti yica udukoko kugira ngo itangiza ifumbire cyangwa uburyo bwo kuhira. Iyi mirima kandi iba itwikirijwe n’amahema y’umweru kugira ngo imyaka itazahura n’umwuka wo hanze ukayihumanya. Hagati ya buri rubuto n’urundi haba harimo santimetero ziri hagati ya 40 na 60.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ubuhinzi-bw-imbuto-u-rwanda-rufatanyije-na-isiraheli-buzagabanya-izatumizwaga-hanze</ref> [[Dosiye:La Boqueria.JPG|thumb|Umusaruro w'Imbuto|176x176px]] == Imbuto zitabwaho == Ibifashisha imigozi kugira ngo imyaka izayuririreho ikura. Mu bwoko bw’imboga nyinshi zihahingwa harimo [[amashu]], [[Igitunguru|ibitunguru]], [[inyanya]] na [[Puwavuro]]. Ati “Dufite amoko abiri y’inyanya duhinga, hari inyanya nto zimara amezi umunani, hakaba n’izindi duhinga zikunda kwifashishwa mu gukora salade.”Ikindi gitangaje ni uko umuhinzi uhinze ibiti byeraho puwavuro ashobora gusarura ibiro bigera mu bihumbi 50 byazo. iheruka yatanzwe n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku biribwa (FAO) yagaragaje ko umusaruro ugera kuri 40% wangirikira mu murima mu gihe cy’isaruro na nyuma yaryo. Mu [[Rwanda]] ho, ubundi bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hagati ya 20% na 40% by’umusaruro wangirika bitewe no kutigengesera mu kuwusarura. Uwiringiyimana unafite inshingano zo gukurikirana uburyo imyaka yera neza muri iki kigo, avuga ko isarura riba rikenewe ibintu byinshi. Ati “Hari ibikoresho byabugenewe bikenerwa kugira ngo umusaruro utangirikira mu isarura. Ikindi imbuto n’imboga biba bikenewe guhita bikoreshwa kugira ngo bitangirikira mu bubiko.<ref name=":0" /> == Umusaruro == [[imbuto]] n’[[imboga]] ari imyaka igira amafaranga iyo wayifashe neza kuko mu mezi abiri ashize binjize miliyoni 8Frw mu isarura rimwe. Avuga ko banatangiye kwakira abahinzi bo hirya no hino mu gihugu baza kwiga uko bakora ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere. Kugira ngo umuhinzi abe afite ihema rimwe ryujuje ibisabwa, birimo umurima utunganyije n’uburyo bwo kuhira bimutwara miliyoni 5Frw kadi bikaba bishobora kumara imyaka igera kuri 20. [[Imboga]] n’[[imbuto]] biri mu byoherezwa hanze cyane, kuko mu mwaka ushize mu [[Rwanda]] hari kompanyi eshanu zohereza hanze imboga n’imbuto ugereranyije n’ebyiri zariho mu 2014.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Bank of Carmel.jpg|thumb|Banki y'ubuhinzi|162x162px]] Ikigega mpuzamahanga cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga,The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) cyateganyije miliyoni 14.8$ yo gufasha abahinzi mu Rwanda harimo n’abahinga imboga n’imbuto kunoza ubuhinzi bugamije isoko. Ni umushinga bise Kungahara Wagura Amasoko, Feed the Future Rwanda, ukazashyirwa mu bikorwa mu myaka itanu. Hari ikindi gice  kingana na miliyoni 300$ cyagenewe kuzashorwa mu mishinga mishya y’ubuhinzi bugezweho buzibanda ku [[ikawa]], [[icyayi]], imboga n’imbuto n’ibimera by’ibirungo(spices). Muri cyo kandi hari ayagenewe guteza imbere ubworozi butanga umukamo ufatika. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uyu mushinga rizagirwamo uruhare n’inzego za Leta, abikorera ku giti cyabo n’imwe mu miryango itagengwa na Leta, intego ikazaba ari ugutuma buri gice kigize imibereho y’igihugu kisanga muri iki gikorwa kigamije kunoza ubuhinzi bw’u Rwanda.Uwari uhagarariye Ikigega cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga ubwo uriya mushinga watangazwaga witwa Jonathan Kamin yavuze ko bagamije gufasha u Rwanda kugera byibura kuri 12%  by’intego rwihaye mu kuzamura ubuhinzi bwarwo. Iri zamuka rizafasha u [[Rwanda]] kuzamura ubuhinzi bwarwo ku kigero kiri hagati ya 50 na 75% by’intego rwihaye mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi.<ref name=":0" /> == Imbogamizi ku buhinzi == Mu Rwanda ubutaka buhingwa bungana na hegitari miliyoni1.4. Ubutaka bwabaruwe ko ari bwo bwuhirwa bungana na hegitari 66,840.5 nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo y’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka yasohotse hagati y’umwaka wa 2020 n’umwaka wa 2021. Ikindi ni uko 30% by’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda ari bwo bukorerwaho ubuhinzi bukoresha imashini, ubwo bita mechanized agriculture. Hagati aho hari ibindi bihugu bikorana n’u Rwanda mu guteza imbere urwego rw’ubuhinzi. [[Dosiye:Some Indian Fruits by Dr Raju Kasambe DSCN7726 (4) 01.jpg|thumb|215x215px|imbuto]] Ibyo ni Israel, u [[Ubuyapani|Buyapani]], Maroc, u Bufaransa n’ibindi. N’ubwo u Rwanda ari kimwe mu bihugu by’Afurika bifite amazi menshi kubera ibiyaga, inzuzi n’imigezi, abahinzi baracyahinga bitegereje ko imvura igwa. Ibi bituma hari benshi bateza uko bikwiye kandi henshi ibihembwe by’ihinga ntibirenga bibiri kuko hari igice impeshyi ibuza abantu guhinga. Ubuhanga mu kuhira ahantu hahanamye nabwo ntiburatangira mu Rwanda bityo igice kinini cyarwo kigahora gihanze ikirere amaso ngo azagihe imvura. Ku rundi ruhare ariko, ni ngombwa ko amazi y’imigezi n’inzuzi z’u Rwanda arindwa guhumana  kuko nk’uko raporo yitwa Annual Water Status 2016-2017 yabitangaje, hari byinshi bikiyanduza.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ubuhinzi-bw-imboga-nimbuto-bugamije-isoko-mpuzamahanga-bugiye-kongererwa-agaciro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-19 |archive-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219185715/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ubuhinzi-bw-imboga-nimbuto-bugamije-isoko-mpuzamahanga-bugiye-kongererwa-agaciro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibyo birimo amazi ava mu ngo cyangwa mu bigo runaka yanduye akoherezwa mu migezi n’inzuzi, amazi amanuka ku misozi mu gihe cy’imvura agakundukana imyanda yose akayisuka mu migezi n’inzuzi n’ibindi birimo kujugunya mu mazi imyanda itabora. Iyi raporo yakozwe n’Ikigo cy’u Rwanda gishinzwe kwita ku mashyamba n’amazi( Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority) gifatanyije n’ikindi kigo kitwa Water For Growth Rwanda.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-pgSnAV1L8</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/hakenewe-asaga-miliyoni-720-frw-kuzamura-ubuhinzi-bw-imbuto-n-imboga</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] 1vf59z6vszecan20jkrpsb56xyt6yk2 0 13849 136940 114465 2026-09-14T13:09:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136940 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Agriculture deeds.jpg|thumb|151x151px|ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere]] [[Dosiye:Umuhinzi 02.jpg|thumb|umuhinzi|148x148px]] Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI) ibinyujije mu kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kohereza mu mahanga ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi (NAEB), barimo gushaka igisubizo ku kiguzi kijyanye n’ibyo umuhinzi wa kawa akora.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/harimo-gushakwa-umuti-w-ibibazo-byugarije-umuhinzi-wa-kawa</ref> [[Dosiye:Agriculture work 1.jpg|thumb|Abahinzi.|159x159px]] == Ubushobozi == N’ubwo uyu munsi kawa ari kimwe mu bihingwa byinjiza amafaranga menshi, ariko usanga hari ikinyuranyo ku bahinzi bayo ndetse n’abayicuruza, kubera ko abayihinga babona umusaruro mucye, ugereranyije n’abandi bari mu ruhererekane rw’inyongeragaciro ya kawa. Abahinzi ba kawa bavuga ko babangamirwa n’igiciro cyayo, kubera ko kiri hasi ku buryo umuhinzi wayo adashobora kubona umusaruro uhagije kugira ngo yikure mu bukene, bigatuma nta terambere ageraho, kandi iyo urebye ku biciro mpuzamahanga ugasanga ikawa igura amafaranga menshi, ariko akagarukira ku bandi bari mu ruhererekane rwayo.<ref name=":0" /> == Uhagarariye abahinzi kwisi == Umuyobozi w’ihiriro ry’abahinzi ba kawa ku Isi, Juan Esteban Orduz, avuga ko icyo bazibandaho muri iyi nama ari ukureba uko umuhinzi wa kawa yarushaho gushyigikirwa kugira ngo atere imbere, kubera ko akenshi atajya avuganirwa mu gihe haba harimo kuganirwa ku bijyanye na kawa.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/harimo-gushakwa-umuti-w-ibibazo-byugarije-umuhinzi-wa-kawa</ref> [[Dosiye:Green coffee.jpg|thumb|Ikawa|157x157px]] == Ikawa == uyu munsi kawa ari kimwe mu bihingwa byinjiza amafaranga menshi, ariko usanga hari ikinyuranyo ku bahinzi bayo ndetse n’abayicuruza, kubera ko abayihinga babona umusaruro mucye, ugereranyije n’abandi bari mu ruhererekane rw’inyongeragaciro ya kawa. Abahinzi ba kawa bavuga ko babangamirwa n’igiciro cyayo, kubera ko kiri hasi ku buryo umuhinzi wayo adashobora kubona umusaruro uhagije kugira ngo yikure mu bukene, bigatuma nta terambere ageraho, kandi iyo urebye ku biciro mpuzamahanga ugasanga ikawa igura amafaranga menshi, ariko akagarukira ku bandi bari mu ruhererekane rwayo. Minisititri w’[[Ubuhinzi]] n’[[UBWOROZI|Ubworozi]], avuga ko n’ubwo [[Ikawa|kawa]] ari igihingwa cyinjiza amafaranga menshi ariko usanga izo nyungu zitagera ku bahinzi bayo, ku buryo hakwiye gufatwa ingamba ziborohereza, kugira ngo bashobore kuyigeza ku ruganda nabo hari icyo yabafashije. Mu [[Rwanda]] ingo zirenga ibihumbi 400 nizo zihinga kawa, ihingwa ku buso bungana na hegitari 39,844.<ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:04-09-12-Schaupflügen-Fahrenwalde-RalfR-IMG 1232.jpg|thumb|Guhingisha Imashini|180x180px]] == Guhingiza Imashini == umuhinzi w’imbuto cyane cyane ibinyoro afite imyaka 58, atuye mu murenge wa Rurenge, Akagali ka Musya umuhinzi ntangarugero, uyu musaza uvuga ko yatangiye ubuhinzi bwe abikora agamije kubona ibimutungira umuryango ubu yemeza ko uyu mwuga w’ubuhinzi akora wamaze kuba akazi ke ka buri munsi dore ko abikuramo amafaranga Atari make yamufashishije kwishyurira abana be amashuri. Bwana MUDAHERANWA avuga ko ubu buhinzi bwe kuri season bumwinjiriza amafaranga asaga miliyoni ebyiri z’amafaranga y’u [[Rwanda]], Ubusanzwe uyu musaza afite ibiti by’ibinyomoro ibihumbi 4500 bihinze i musozi kuri hegitari 5. Muri iki gihe cy’impeshyi avuga ko izuba ridashobora gukoma mu nkokora ubuhinzi bwe kuko aba yiteguye kuhira dore ko abandi bahinzi baba bamaze gusarura akemeza ko ibinyomoro bye iyo byeze mu gihe cy’impeshyi aribwo bimuha amafaranga menshi kuko umusaruro hirya no hino aba ari mucyeya. Uyu musaza kandi ni umushafamyumvire aho afasha abashaka guhinga kinyamwuga akabahugura uburyo bugezweho bwo gihinga yifashishijeakarimashuri yashize iwe mu rugo aho abaturage baturanye baza kumwigiraho.<ref>http://197.243.22.137/ngoma/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=551&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=2103e8213bf2d93a5b93f602b6145b9d</ref> [[Dosiye:GUSHARIRA URUTOKI.jpg|thumb|Urutoki rwa Kinjyambere|161x161px]] == Urutoki == Mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]], hari umuhinzi mworozi wa kijyambere uvuga ko uyu mwuga umaze kumuteza imbere ku buryo ubu ishoramari rye ribarurirwa muri Miliyoni 200 Frw. Hashize imyaka 5 Umworozi yafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika ubucuruzi bwa Alimentation yerekeza amaso mu  buhinzi bw'urutoki n'ubworozi bwa kijyambere bw'ingurube. Mu Murenge wa Rugerero aho uyu mugabo akorera ubworozi bwe, aravuga ko imbaraga zamusunikiye kureka ubucuruzi yinjira mu bworozi bw'ingurube ndetse n'ubuhinzi. Ubu bworozi akora gishabitsi nibwo soko y'iterambere ryihuse agezeho ariko by'umwihariko byose, bimushobokera kubwo gukunda ibyo akora. Ubworozi bw'ingurube bwa Twagirimana abufatanya n'ubuhinzi bw'urutoki kuri hegitari zigera kuri 3. Ni urutoki rwiza rwera ibitoki ahashobora kubonekamo igitoki kimwe nibura gishobora gupima 70kg  ku isoko kikaba cyagurishwa hagati y'ibihumbi 10 na 12.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Umuhinzi-mworozi-muri-Rubavu-aravuga-ko-ishoramari-rye-rigeze-muri-Miliyoni-200-Frw</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Urutoki]] [[Ikiciro:Ikawa]] hig8z9ow4wk673zt1ytu7f0fog9z8g4 0 13888 136874 125948 2026-09-14T13:07:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Annona squamosa fruit from Myanmar.jpg|thumb|Ibiti bitatu by'imbuto muri Kirehe.|263x263px]] [[Dosiye:Imbuto.jpg|left|thumb|imbuto zera mukarere ka Kirehe]] Ubuyobozi mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe|Karere ka Kirehe]] bugaragaza ko bukomeje gushyira imbaraga muri gahunda ya Leta y’uko buri rugo rugira ibiti nibura bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa mu rwego rwo kwihaza mu biribwa no kurwanya imirire mibi, aho hirya no hino muri aka karere iyi gahunda imaze kwitabirwa ku gipimo cya 75%.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-gahunda-yo-kugira-ibiti-bitatu-byimbuto-kuri-buri-rugo-igeze-kuri-75/</ref><ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kirehe-ishyamba-rya-ibanda-makera-rigiye-kugirwa-icyanya-cy-ubukerarugendo</ref><ref name=":2">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-gahunda-yo-kugira-ibiti-bitatu-byimbuto-kuri-buri-rugo-igeze-kuri-75/</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.kigalitoday.com/Kirehe</ref> [[Dosiye:Apple_Guava.jpg|thumb|Amapera |169x169px]] == Ibiti bitatu by'imbuto == [[Dosiye:Department of Children Head Office Ghana.jpg|thumb|Akarere ka Kirehe|153x153px]] Gahunda y’uko buri rugo rugira ibiti byibuze bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa, yatangijwe ku mugaragaro muri 2019/2020 na Minisitiri w’intebe Dr. Ngirente Edouard mu rwego rwo kongera umubare w’[[Ibiti byimeza|ibiti]] hagamijwe kandi kongera umusaruro w’[[ubuhinzi]] no kurwanya imirire mibi.Icyo gihe yasabye abayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze by’umwihariko abafite aho bahuriye n’ubuhinzi n’ubukungu gushyira imbaraga muri iyi gahunda bikajyana kandi na gahunda yo gutera [[imboga]] muri buri rugo. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-imishinga-igamije-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe</ref> == Ingemwe z’ibiti by’imbuto == Abakigorwa no kubona ingemwe z’ibiti by’imbuto ziribwa hari inama bagirwa ati: “Hari abo tugenda duha ibiti by’imbuto nka [[avoka]] n’imyembe, ariko hari n’inama tugira abaturage kuko nka avoka bashobora kuzituburira. Afashe ikibuto cya avoka yeze neza, akagishyira ahantu nyuma kirimeza, hanyuma akakibatura hahandi akagitera aho gikwiye gukurira; n’ubwo buryo buri mu bwo dushishikariza abaturage gukoresha.”<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-imishinga-igamije-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe</ref> [[Dosiye:Ikinyomoro-Treetomato.jpg|thumb|Ikinyomoro-Treetomato|151x151px]] == Abaturage == Mu Karere ka Kirehe habarurwa ingo zigera ku bihumbi 97, zituwemo n’abaturage basaga ibihumbi 415; ikigereranyo cy’ubuso buteyeho ibiti n’amashyamba ni 18%.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] 883r0yph5xhmef4oz2jeeg1i7achsg6 0 13937 137051 115608 2026-09-14T13:11:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137051 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:990921중앙119구조본부 대만 921 대지진 출동13.jpg|thumb|Umutingito|140x140px]] [[Dosiye:Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg|thumb|imitingito|138x138px]] == Intangiriro == Imitingito ikomeje kumvikana kuri uyu wa kabiri mu mujyi wa Gisenyi nk'uko abahatuye babivuga. Abantu benshi basohotse birinda kuba bari mu nzu babamo, amashuri nayo yabaye abujije abana kuza kwiga. Iyi mitingito iri kuba nyuma y'iruka ry'ikirunga cya Nyiragongo, nubwo iri ku gipimo cyo hasi imaze gusenya inzu zibarirwa muri za mirongo no kwangiza izigera muri magana mu karere ka Rubavu, nk'uko abaturage babivuga.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-57237456</ref> == Imitingito ikomeye ku isi ikica byinshi : == Umutingito wa kuya 11 Ukwakira 1138<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/105965/imitingito-10-yabayeho-mu-mateka-yisi-yangije-byinshi-igasiga-impfu-zabantu-barenga-miliyo-105965.html</ref> Umutingito wa Sumatra wo kuwa 26 Ukuboza 2004<ref name=":0" /> Umutingito wo kuwa 12 Mutarama 2010<ref name=":0" /> Umutingito wo kuwa 22 Ukuboza 856 Umutingito wo kuwa 23 werurwe 893 Umutingito wo kuwa1 nzeri 1923 [[Dosiye:1992 Dahshur (Egypt) Earthquake aftermath 01.png|thumb|Umutingito|148x148px]] Umutingito wo kuwa 15 Ukwakira 1948<ref name=":0" /> == Umutingito mu Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Christchurch quake 3.jpg|thumb|Ingaruka zumutingito|146x146px]] Imitingito ikomeje kwibasira akarere ka Rubavu, kuri uyu wa Kabiri yangije inyubako z’amagorofa y’ubucuruzi igwisha inkuta zazo n’inzu z’abatarurage. Ibi byatumye hafungwa imihanda n’isoko rya Gisenyi n’inyubako ziryegereye, kuko nazo zagizweho ingaruka n’uwo mutingito wateye ubwoba bamwe mu baturage batangiye guhunga Umujyi berekeza ahandi mu Gihugu. Kugeza ubu kandi akarere ka Rubavu gakomeje kwakira impunzi ziri kuva muri teritwari ya Nyiragongo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo zihunze imitingito.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Imitingito-ikomeje-kwibasira-Rubavu-yangije-inyubako-zamagorofa-yubucuruzi</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/rubavu-gusana-ibyangijwe-n-imitingito-bizatwara-asaga-miliyari-91frw</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/cpzd4zgv263t</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umutungito]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] pf1wuhxybweqbjrmp5x8c091kw34lel 0 14044 136875 113452 2026-09-14T13:07:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136875 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pelican_Safari_Park.jpg|thumb|Pelican Safari Park |425x425px]] == Pelikani == [[Dosiye:Pink backed pelican dorsal.jpg|thumb|pelcan bird]] [[Dosiye:Pelicans,_Jurong_Bird_Park.jpg|thumb|Pelicans, Jurong Bird Park]] '''Pelikani''' ni ubwoko bw'inyoni zo mubwoko bwa pelcan. ni umworozi utuye mubishanga no mubiyaga bito by'afika no mumajyepfo ya alabiya, bigaragara ko yavuye muri madagasikari. == Taxonomy (iyitarusange) == Palikani ishyigikiwe n'umuhondo y'asobanuwe ku mugaragaro mu 1789 n'umudage witwa [[John Gmelin]] mu gitabo cye cyavuguruwe na sisitemu ya Carl, yayishyize hamwe nabandi ba pelcans mubwoko bwa pelcanus ahimba izina rya binomial palecanus Gmelin yari yarasobanuye ibisobanuro mu 1785 akaba ari umuhanga mubijyanye n'imiterere no mu myororokere w'umwongereza john latham mugitabo cye k'imibumbe myinshi rusange. == Ibisobanuro == pelikani cyangwa se pelican mundimi za mahanga dukukunze kwita inyange mu kinyarwanda ni inyoni ntoya ifite uburebure bwayo kuva 125-155 cm amababa ni 2.15- 2.9M (7.8-9.2FT) ikaba ipima kuva ku 4-7kg ikaba ifite 30-38 cm mu burebure <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120425064858/http://israelibirdsstamps.yardbirds.org.il/g2.html</ref> ikaba ifite ibara ryera. == Imiturire n'ubworozi == Palikani ishyigikiwe n'umuhondo ikaba iboneka ahantu hatandukanye mu mazi, ikaba ikunda amazi meza cyane kandi atuje maremare ikirinda inkombe [[Dosiye:Pelecanus rufescens MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.12.3.jpg|thumb|Eggs of palcan's bird]] z'ikiyaga ikirinda inkombe zifite ibimera, ihitamo ibiyaga by'amazi meza ibishanga izuzi nziza z'amazi meza kandi zitemba gahoro hamwe n'ibidendezi, iboneka rimwe na rimwe ku nkombe . ni ubwoko bukunda korora no kororoka mu biti, ariko kandi bizerera kubirwa by'umucanga, mubitare , munyanja ya Kolari no kumucanga. ibiti byo gutereramo amagi ibyari byinshyi byutswe hamwe, ibyo byari byongeye gukoreshwa buri mwaka kugeza igihe ibyo biti bisenyutse. Nubwo ubusanzwe izo nyonyi ziguma muri akogace, ubwo bwoko bugumaho mu biti, urubingo cyangwa mu bihuru bito kunkombe z'amazi Icyari cyayo ni ikirundo kinini cy'inyoni kandi gishobora kuba 10-15m hejuru y'ubutaka. Igitsina gole gitera amagi manini 2 cyanga 3 hanyuma nyuma inkoko zirisha zishira umutwe wazo mu mufuka zigafata mafi yangiritse. == Indyo == Ubusanzwe ibiryo ni amafi (ubunini bwose bugera kuri 400mg mu bisanzwe muri 80-290mg) na amphibia, kandi mubisanzwe mumafi yahigwaga nizi nyoni harimo cichlide ndetse nka hoplochrosm na tilapiya. 0cidcjzkw3kgssjox6m4xeaverba9il 0 14112 137052 91198 2026-09-14T13:11:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137052 wikitext text/x-wiki == Menya imiterere y'ubwoko bw'inyoni yitwa wood duck == [[Dosiye:Wood Duck (Aix sponsa), Parc du Rouge-Cloître, Brussels.jpg|thumb|wood duck]] [[Dosiye:Wood-duck.jpg|thumb|Wood-duck color]] Wood duck n'ubwoko bw'inyoni zo mu mazi zifite amabara meza cyane. iyo nyoni y'ikigabo ifite ikinyuma icyatsi kibisi kijimye n'igitereko. inda yabyo irera naho igituza n'umutuku wijimye naho ku ijosi bifite imirongo y'umweru. amababa yabyo ariho ubururu n'umukara. naho iy'ikigore ntago zifite amabara nk'ayibigabo bifite umutwe wijimye, inda yera, n'amabere yera.inyoni y'ikigabo ikoresha ibara ibara ry,amabara kugirango ikurure inyoni zingore mu gihe cy'uborozi. izi wood duck zikunze kwibera mu biti byo bishanga n'inzuzi muri America ya ruguru. kubera amabara adasanzwe n'uburyo ziteye cyangwa c ingano zayo nizimwe mu nyoni zimenyekana byoroshye muri Amerika ya ruguru. izi zitandukanye n'izindi nyoni z'amazi zo zibera mu mwobo w'ibiti kandi zigakora umukumbi. [https://themysteriousworld.com/most-beautiful-birds-in-the-world/] === Imyitwarire === izi nyoni zitandukanye n'inyoni nyinshi zo mu mazi wood duck zirahagarara kandi ziba mu biti byoroshye kuguruka mu ishyamba. zifite umurizo mugari kandi mugufi, zifite kandi amababa yagutse abasha gukora neza. iyo zoga umutwe wazo uranyeganyega inyuma nkuko inuma igenda. ukunze kubona izo nyoni mu matsinda( munsi ya 20) ikitandukanya nizindi nyoni. unva umuhamagaro w'umugore mu gihe izo nyoni zirinda.[https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Wood_Duck/id] ==== Aho zikunda kuboneka ==== Ku isi izi nyoni zikunze kuboneka muri buri ntara iburasirazuba bw'imisozi(Rock mountains) ndetse no mu majyaruguru ya pasifica. izi nyoni za wood duck zishobora kuboneka mu byuzi, mu biyaga, mu bishanga no ku nzuzi. zihitamo ahantu havanze amazi n'ibishanga. [https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Birds/Wood-Duck] 8cpzef41bptv2jwseyje5lma6it3s1z 0 14116 136823 91535 2026-09-14T13:06:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136823 wikitext text/x-wiki == Abyssinian Bush Crow == Igihuru cya strecmann kizwi kandi kw'izina rya pisini [[Abyssiany Akaba]] ari igikona cyo mugihuru cya etiopia izina ryacyo rusange akaba ari [[Zavattarionis]] ,n'inyoni imeze nk'inyenyeri kurubu ikaba ikekwa ko ari umwe mubagize umuryango w'inkongoro.. nubwo ibi bitazwi neza.umuhogo n'igituza ni cream yera n'umurizo wayo n'umukara.ni umukara urabagirana. n'inyoni yijimye kandi ikikijwe nitsinda ry'uruhu rwerurutse rwambaye ubusa. ubusanzwe inyoni zubaka ibyari byazo mu biti ,kandi zigatera amagi yaagera muri atanu kuri atandatu hamwe na lilac.icyari ubwacyo zifite umubumbe w'isi hamwe n umutereko wacyo winjira hejuru.<ref name=":0">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8133463/</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Taxonomy == Ubu bwoko bw'inyoni bugira amazina menshi harimo ni iryibihuru bya stresmann ni igihuru cya ethiopia, igihuru cya Abyssinian na Zavattarioni. Izina rya zavattarioni ryibutsa izina rya [[Eduard]] zavatard umutariyani w<nowiki>''umushakashatsi mu bijyanye n'inyamanswa yabaye umuyoboxzi w'</nowiki>ikigo cy'ibinyabuzima mu ri kaminuza ya [[Roma]] hagati 1935-1958.<ref>https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/expeditions/bush-crow-diaries-the-mystery-of-the-abyssinian-pie/</ref> == Imiterere == Muri rusange iyi nyoni ifite ibara ryijimwe n'umurizo ibara ryirabura umutwe hamwe na capilare yo hejuru byose n'imvi ubwoya yo kugahanga n'amabara yo hejuru y'ugutwi byose bihinduka umweru ikaba ifite uruhu rwiza ruzengurutse ijisho nti rufiye amababa kandi rushobora guhindagurika rigabanyamo ijisho ry'iraburamo ibice amababa ya nyuma y'ijisho ashobora kugenda ikagira kandi umunwa w'umukara muto muto. Umurizo yayo ni umukara kandi ni muremure, amaguru yayo kandi arirabura == Ibidukikije n'imyitwarire == Igiti cya stressmann gisanzwe kiboneka mu matsinda y;inyoni mu bwoko bugera muri butatu ububwoko nti bwimuka. == Indyo == Itangira kurisha izuba rirashe ikaba irishitriza ku butaka igafungura akanywa kacyo gato gato kugirango ifate udukoko twose iyo ifashe ikintu cyangwa udukoko ikatujyana mu giti cyangwa mu gihuru kiyegereye ikagitsindagisha ikirenge ikakica kugirango irye umuhigo wacyo. 67h03p5r4rh0solgqwfe08288xcdxod 0 14122 137018 93301 2026-09-14T13:11:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137018 wikitext text/x-wiki == Blue Jay == Blue ja nimwe mu nyoni zifite ubwenge kandi nziza ku isi. zasanzwe mu mashyamba yo muri Amerika y'iburasirazuba no hagati. blue jay zifite uburur butangajje bwera n'umukara. ikintu gitandukanya cyane iyi nyoni n'indirimbo n'urusaku rwayo"jay jay" nko guhamagara. zishobora kandi no kwigana imihamagaro wandi moko yizindi nyoni. Usibye uburyo zigaragara blue jay zizwiho ubwenge, zishobora kwiba ibyana n'amagi yizindi nyoni. blue jay nayo yigana amajwi y'izindi nyoni kugirango ibeshye izindi nyoni. kandi bikaba bivugwa ko blue jay mubunyage ishobora no kwigana invugo y'abantu nandi majwi yizindi nyamanswa. Blue jay n'inyoni mboneza mubano zishobora kuboneka mu masho mato, ariko mu gihe cy'itumba, mu gihe cyo kwimukira mu majyepfo. zikora imikumbi minini y'ubururu bw'ijana. imyitwarire yazo yo kwimuka iracyari amayobera mu by'ubumenyi, ntabwo blue jay ariko zose zimuka mu gihe cy'itumba zimwe ziguma mu butaka bwazo, kandi nta blue jay yimuka buri mwaka. [https://themysteriousworld.com/most-beautiful-birds-in-the-world/] 3313rokywy30tu00v2ch8vk57t23mgf 0 14158 137090 127844 2026-09-14T13:17:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137090 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mushroom, Name Unknown... - Flickr - nekonomania.jpg|thumb|180x180px|Umugina wibihumyo]] [[Dosiye:Pleurotus ostreatus 98857466.jpg|thumb|Ibihumyo]] [[Dosiye:Umugina1.jpg|thumb|Umugina|116x116px]] [[Dosiye:Umugina 1.jpg|thumb|umugina|178x178px]] [[Dosiye:Umugina w'imiswa.jpg|thumb|105x105px|Umuswa]] [[Dosiye:Umugina2.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Aho Imiswa itura.jpg|thumb|umugina]] Umugina ni uruvange rw’ibyatsi biseye babibamo umwayi bikamara iminsi 40 kugeza kuri 45 bibitse ahantu habugenewe kugirango ube ugeze igihe cyo guhingwa.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ubuhinzi-bw-ibihumyo-burimo-inyungu-kandi-ku-buso-buto-ubuhamya</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://noticefax.com/posts/Ubuhinzi-bw%27ibihumyo-1650373792 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-23 |archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223060345/https://noticefax.com/posts/Ubuhinzi-bw%27ibihumyo-1650373792 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibigize Umugina == Mu gukora umugina hifashishwa ibyatsi birimo urubingo, ibigorigori, ibitiritiri, ibishogoshogo by’ingano, iby’umuceri, iby’uburo, iby’ibishyimbo, ibikatsi n’ibikongorwa by’ibisheke n’ibikenyeri by’amasaka. Hifashishwa kandi ifumbire mvaruganda (Urea); Ishwagara n’imashini eshatu harimo isya ibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru, ibivanga ndetse n’ishyira imvange mu mashashi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/ambasaderi-wang-xuekun-yagaragaje-uko-ibihumyo-bishobora-gufasha-mu-kurandura</ref> == Umugina mwiza uwubwirwa n’iki? == Mbere yo kugura umugina, ni ngombwa kugenzura niba ari mwiza. Umugina mwiza ni uweze (wuzuye), wererana, udafite uburwayi cyangwa indi nenge. Uburwayi bw'umugina bugaragazwa n’ibara ry’icyatsi cyangwa se iry’umukara. Umugina ufite aya mabara umuhinzi akwiye kuwurinda kuko unawuteye utakwera ibihumyo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/abahinzi-bibihumyo-bari-guhugurwa-ku-buhinzi-butanga-umusaruro-utubutse/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-23 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221124547/https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/abahinzi-bibihumyo-bari-guhugurwa-ku-buhinzi-butanga-umusaruro-utubutse/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Umugina mwiza urangwa no kwera cyane.Ukera ibihumyo byinshi.kandi binini.umugina mwiza ni ingirakamaro .kubantu bawuhinze Bose.mu Rwanda ibihumyo bigura amafaranga menshi == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] 5jlytf1qhzcy2seb2ibhhvbjn67z61r 0 14318 136792 133597 2026-09-14T13:05:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136792 wikitext text/x-wiki == SQUACCO HERON == [[Dosiye:Crabier chevelu.jpg|thumb|307x307px]] SQUACCO n'inyoni ntoya kandi ndende ifite ubunini (20-23cm ) 8-9 in) hamwe n'amababa, inkomoko yayo kera yororoka mu majyepfo y'uburayi no mu burengerazuba bwa hagati.[https://ebird.org/species/squher1] == Imyitwarire == Squacco Heron n'inyoni yadutse vuba mu birwa bya Fernando de Noranha, kandi ni gake cyane uzayibona ku mugabane wa amerika y'amajyepfo. [[Dosiye:Heron crabier MHNT.jpg|thumb]] Squacco ikaba ari inyoni ifite ijosi rigufi, gafite inguni nini ya Bufffer brown inyuma. Isura yayo ihindurwa mu guhaguruka , ikaba ifite ibara ryera cyane kubera ibara ry'amababa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604044839/https://www.heronconservation.org/herons-of-the-world/list-of-herons/squacco-heron/] Squqcco Heron ikaba ikinda kororokera mu bishanga byo mu bihugu bishyuha Squacco Heron ikaba itera amagi 3-4. ikaba itungwa n'amafi ibikeri n'utundi dukoko [http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697123] == Imyororokere == SQUACCO ikaba ikunda kuba ahantu haba amazi meza mu burayi ndetse no muburasirazuba bwo hagati nkahantu ho korororera nyuma yimukira mu majyepfo mu karere ka afrika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa sahara. iyi nyoni kandi ikaba isangiye imico nandi moko ya HERON nka pond heron yo mu buhindi na Malagacy pond heron y'amababa meza yorohereye [https://web.archive.org/web/20230225233603/http://www.biodiversityexplorer.info/birds/ardeidae/ardeola_ralloides.htm] [https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=CE73EBD7A90E9FCF] dfuevrntu8dhbf9cok4swr3l7spqpdm 137117 136792 2026-09-14T13:18:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137117 wikitext text/x-wiki == Squacco Heron == [[Dosiye:Crabier chevelu.jpg|thumb|307x307px]] SQUACCO n'inyoni ntoya kandi ndende ifite ubunini (20-23cm ) 8-9 in) hamwe n'amababa, inkomoko yayo kera yororoka mu majyepfo y'uburayi no mu burengerazuba bwa hagati.[https://ebird.org/species/squher1] == Imyitwarire == Squacco Heron n'inyoni yadutse vuba mu birwa bya Fernando de Noranha, kandi ni gake cyane uzayibona ku mugabane wa amerika y'amajyepfo. [[Dosiye:Heron crabier MHNT.jpg|thumb]] Squacco ikaba ari inyoni ifite ijosi rigufi, gafite inguni nini ya Bufffer brown inyuma. Isura yayo ihindurwa mu guhaguruka , ikaba ifite ibara ryera cyane kubera ibara ry'amababa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604044839/https://www.heronconservation.org/herons-of-the-world/list-of-herons/squacco-heron/] Squqcco Heron ikaba ikinda kororokera mu bishanga byo mu bihugu bishyuha Squacco Heron ikaba itera amagi 3-4. ikaba itungwa n'amafi ibikeri n'utundi dukoko [http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697123] == Imyororokere == SQUACCO ikaba ikunda kuba ahantu haba amazi meza mu burayi ndetse no muburasirazuba bwo hagati nkahantu ho korororera nyuma yimukira mu majyepfo mu karere ka afrika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa sahara. iyi nyoni kandi ikaba isangiye imico nandi moko ya HERON nka pond heron yo mu buhindi na Malagacy pond heron y'amababa meza yorohereye [https://web.archive.org/web/20230225233603/http://www.biodiversityexplorer.info/birds/ardeidae/ardeola_ralloides.htm] [https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=CE73EBD7A90E9FCF] hx6a9n3zbsd4jbalte843etmseejw9a 0 14334 136824 136082 2026-09-14T13:06:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136824 wikitext text/x-wiki <center>[[Dosiye:Nyandungupark.jpg|thumb|Nyandungu Park ahantu ho kuruhukira.]]</center> [[Dosiye:Nyandungu park.jpg|thumb|'''Nyandungu Park''' ahantu heza ho gutembera no kuruhukira.]] Ushobora kuba utagira akazi kenshi cyangwa se ukora buri munsi (full time), gusa uko byagenda kose, ukeneye umwanya wo kuruhuka ukagarura imbaraga mbere yo gusubira mu kazi mu cyumweru gitaha. Bigusaba kuruhuka mu mpera z’icyumweru, kandi burya uburyo bwiza bwabyo si ukuryama nk’uko bamwe bajya babyibeshyaho. Gutembera, kwicara ahantu hatuje ukitekerezaho bigufasha guhindura ibitekerezo kurushaho. Ni yo mpamvu ugomba kumenya ahantu heza wasura cyangwa se wasohokera mu mpera z'icyumweru ukagabanya umunaniro wo mu mibyizi. == Aho wasohokera == Ahantu wasohokera mu mpera z'icyumweru hamwe n’umuryango, inshuti cyangwa umukunzi: === Inzora Rooftop Café === Niba ushaka ahantu wajya kuruhukira wenyine, ugasoma igitabo uri kunywa ikawa, ureba hirya no hino muri Kigali, Inzora Rooftop Café yaba amahitamo meza. Inzora iherereye ku Kacyiru mu Ikirezi Bookstore, ni ahantu heza ku bakunda gusoma ibitabo. Menu yabo iba ikubiyemo amafunguro agenewe abadakunda inyama (Vegetarian food) nubwo abazirya nabo batibagiranye. === Gate 10 === Iyo usohokanye n’umuntu bwa mbere cyane cyane mutaziranye, hari igihe mushobora kubura ingingo muganira. Biba byiza kujya ahantu hari ibintu byabaha icyo muganira ku buryo bworoshye. Gate 10 rero ni amahitamon meza. Iyi restaurant iherereye ku Kimihurura. Iyo uhageze usanganirwa n’imitako ifite igisobanuro gikomeye mu mateka. === Saray Spa === Waba ushaka massage, ibishashara cyangwa kwita ku ruhu rwo mu maso? Muri iyi Spa iba muri Kigali Marriott Hotel ushobora kubibona byose ukaruhuka nyuma y’akazi kenshi. Massage ifasha umuntu kuruhura umubiri, nta mpamvu yo kuba ufite imyaka 30 ariko umuntu yakubona akagira ngo uri umusaza wa 50 kubera iminkanyari igutamirije mu gahanga! Ibiciro byo muri Saray Spa bijyana n’icyo ushaka. Ntabwo ari ahantu ho kwisukirwa na buri wese mu biciro, gusa wagerageza nibura inshuro imwe. === Brachetto === Niba uri umukunzi wa Vino, wagerageza Brachetto, iherereye ku Kacyiru. Brachetto ni restaurant y’Abataliyani ikora ibintu bigezweho kandi bikoranye ubuhanga. Bafite Vino nyinshi zituruka mu Butaliyani, u Bufaransa n’izo muri Afuruka y’Epfo. Ni ahantu heza wasohokanira n’inshuti zawe ariko uzibuke kwitwaza menshi kuko ntihorohera ikofi. === Inema Art Center === [[Dosiye:Inema Art Center.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Inema Art Center]] Niba ushaka gusura ahantu muri weekend ukareba ibikorwa by’ubugeni, Inema Art Center hakunezeza. Inema Art Center iherereye ku Kacyiru. Uhasanga ibikorwa bitandukanye nko gushushanya, Gallery, wakora Yoga kandi ukanezezwa n’ababyinnyi baho. Ushobora kuhasura uri kumwe n’inshuti, umugabo cyangwa umugore wawe cyangwa n’umukunzi wawe. === Spiderman Game Center === Abana muri iyi minsi bakunze cyane Spiderman, nibakubwira ko bashaka gusohoka uzabajyane kuri Spiderman Game Center i Masaka. Ntihahenze kandi hari imikino myinshi ishimisha abana. Bajya bavuga ngo “iyo umwana yishimye n’umubyeyi aba yishimye”. === Kigali Golf Resort And Villas === [[Dosiye:Golf Course (213635061).jpeg|thumb|187x187px|Kigali Golf Resort.]] Niba ukunda umukino wa golf cyangwa se ukaba utaranawukina, muri iyi weekend uzasure Kigali Golf Resort and Villas iherereye i Nyarutarama. Ni ahantu heza kandi hari amahumbezi. Ushobora kwiyandikisha ukajya ujyayo igihe uboneye umwanya. Byagufasha kandi kwiyungura ubumenyi muri uyu mukino no kumenya n’abantu bashya. Weekend yatangiye, kora budget uhamagare inshuti mugire ibihe byiza uko mwifashe. === Monaco Café === Aha ni ahantu benshi bamenyereye gusohokera cyane ko ari mu mujyi rwagati dore ko ari mu nyubako izwi nka T2000, aha hazwi cyane mu kugira amafunguro meza ndetse bakanerekana imipira ku ma televiziyo ya rutura cyane ko ariho ha mbere bagira televiziyo nini mu Rwanda, iyi bakaba bayerekaniraho umupira uhuza Real Madrida na PSG kimwe n’indi mikino ihari dore ko umwe mu myihariko aha hantu hagira harimo nio kuba hazwiho kwerekana imipira myinshi kandi icyarimwe arinayo mpamvu benshi bakunda kuhasohokera. Usibye ko aha arinahantu hasanzwe hakunze gusohokera abakundana no kuri iyi nshuro ntawabura guhamya ko ari ahantu heza ho gusohokana umukunzi. === Excellent Restaurant === “Excellent Restaurant” ni restora iri i Nyamirambo imbere ya Saint André muri Etage hejuru, ikaba iri ari ahantu heza ho gusohokera kuko uhicara witegereza ibyiza bitatse Umujyi wa Kigali. Iyi restora iri mu nyubako ya CENAKULUM, ikorerwamo n’abandi bantu bazwi mu Rwanda nk’umuhanzi King James ufitemo “Alimentation”, rwiyemezamirimo Sina Gérard n’abandi. == Reba == <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.impamba.com/2020/09/24/nyamirambo-muri-excellent-restaurant-ni-ahantu-heza-wasohokera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226111758/http://www.impamba.com/2020/09/24/nyamirambo-muri-excellent-restaurant-ni-ahantu-heza-wasohokera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/ahantu-ushobora-kuruhukira-muri-weekend-i-kigali</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/Kigali-iri-ku-mwanya-wa-gatanu-w-ahantu-heza-ho-gutemberera-muri-2020-Urutonde-Amafoto</ref> <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80423/ahantu-hanyuranye-ho-gusohokana-umukunzi-muri-kigali-kuri-uy-80423.html</ref> sctyud9uk4c619qk8294vprp3z1ocz5 0 14342 137053 135985 2026-09-14T13:12:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137053 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubunyobwa bukaranze bufitiye akamaro umubiri.jpg|thumb|Ubunyobwa]] [[Dosiye:Umwana uri Gusekura.jpg|left|thumb]] == Iriburiro == Ubunyobwa ni ikiribwa kiza gitanga intungamubiri ku bantu no ku butaka. Kuba ubunyobwa burimo ibitera imbaraga ku gipimo cyo hejuru, bukagira poroteyine,  vitamini, imyunyungugu, budasiga ibinure bibi mu mubiri, bugira igipimo cy’umunyu gito, ibyo byose  hamwe bituma ubunyobwa buba igihingwa gifite agaciro kanini mu rwego rw’imirire.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-akamaro-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa-ku-buryo-buhoraho</ref><ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135312/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/groundnuts/post-harvest_management</ref> Ubunyobwa buhingwa mu bice bya za Toropike no munsi yazo ku isi yose, mu butaka bw’urusenyi. Ubunyobwa buribwa nk’amavuta asigwa ku migati, barabuhekenya cyangwa bakabukuramo amavuta, butekwa mu isosi no mu mboga cyangwa se bagakoramo ibindi biribwa bahekenya birimo umunyu cyangwa isukari.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Graines d'arachides.jpg|thumb|Ifu y'ubunyobwa ]] Igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa kigira imigozi irandaranda, nay o ikazana uruyange kuri buri gapfundo. Utwo turabo turibangurira ubwatwo maze tukazana imishoro yinjira mu butaka. Ku dutwe tw’iyo mishoro ni ho hiremaho ubunyobwa munsi y’ubutaka. Ubutaka bwo hejuru bugomba kuba burimo ibumba rike (mu nsi ya 20%) kandi bworoshye kugira ngo imishoro yinjire mu butaka ku buryo bworoshye.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ubunyobwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135305/https://umutihealth.com/ubunyobwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Peanut 9417.jpg|thumb|Ubunyobwa bweze]] == AMOKO Y’UBUNYOBWA == Ubunyobwa ni igihingwa kititaweho cyane mu bushakashatsi, bityo amoko yabwo akunda guhingwa azwi n’abahinzi kuva nta bushakashatsi bwigeze bukorwa ku bunyobwa. Amoko ahingwa atandukanira ku ibara no ku ngano yabwo. Amoko y’ubunyobwa aboneka mu Rwanda yaturutse mu Bugande na Zambiya dusangamo: Ubu bwoko bw’ubunyobwa bukomoka muri Leta ya Virginia ( Soma Virijiniya) muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Mbere na mbere bwazanywe muri Zambiya bwitwa Msekera Groundnut Variety 4 (MGV-4), buzwi muri Malawi ku izina rya CG-7 bukitwa Serenut IR mu Bugande. Bwerera iminsi 120 -140 kandi biroroshye kubusarura kuko barandura igiti cyose. Intete z’ubu bunyobwa ziratukura, zirangana, ziraringaniye, zigizwe na 48-50% by’amavuta.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/menya-akamaro-gakomeye-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa-kenshi-cyangwa-mu-buryo-buhoraho/</ref> == MGV 5 ( Ubunyobwa bw’iroza) == Ubwoko bw’ubunyobwa bwa MGV-5 buje vuba bukomotse muri Leta ya Virginia ( Soma Virijiniya) yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bugira imbuto zibyibushye z’ibara ryiza rijya kuba iroza bukaba bugira umusaruro mwinshi.  Bugira umwihariko wo kugira amavuta menshi agera kuri 48% bityo bikaba byiza kubukoramo amavuta. Bukunda guhingwa mu bice by’ibibaya  bya Zambiya, bwerera iminsi 120 bukagira umusaruro ugera kuri Toni 2/ha ku bahinzi bato bato.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/akamaro-utaruzi-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135303/https://yegob.rw/akamaro-utaruzi-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Chishango == Ubu bwoko nabwo bukomoka muri Leta ya Virginia ( Soma Virijiniya)yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwera neza mu bice by’iburasirazuba bya Zambiya, bukerera iminsi 120. Bugira ibara ry’iroze ryijimye, burasa bwose, ingano yabwo iri mu rugero, bugira igipimo cy’amavuta cya 47%. Bwera hafi  Toni 2/ha kandi biba byiza kubugurisha bugakorwamo ibindi biribwa.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/article/akamaro-k-ubunyobwa-ku-mibereho-ya-muntu-by-umwihariko-ku-guhangana-n-indwara-y</ref> [[Dosiye:Fresh groundnut leaves 02.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'ubunyobwa]] == Gutegura umurima == Impamvu umurima ugomba gutegurwa zishingiye kuri ibi bikurikira: * Kurandura burundu no kumaramo ibihingwa byose bitifuzwa nk’ibimera byimeza n’ibyatsi bibi kugira ngo bidacuranwa n’igihingwa kigiye guhingwamo; * Gutegura neza ubutaka kugira ngo imimero izamuke neza, maze igihingwa kizakure neza * Kugira umurima wera kandi utanga umusaruro igihe kinini hashyirwamo ifumbire y’imborera no kurwanya isuri * Kumenera ubutaka ibinonko bikomeye bikavaho bityo amazi akabasha kwinjira neza mu butaka ari nako hirindwa isuri * Korohereza imirimo yo kushyira mu butaka imvange y’ inyongeramusaruro, ishwagara n’imiti yabugenewe * Kuvanga ibishingwe n’ ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa * Gutegura ubutaka bigomba gusubirwamo igihe ibyatsi bibi bitangiye kumeramo * Iyo ubutaka buzamo ibyatsi bibi bihoraho nk’urumamfu cyangwa urukangaga ni ngombwa guhinga bageza isuka kure mu bujyakuzimu.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/utu-ni-utuntu-12-dutangaje-utari-uzi-kandi-nyamara-dufite-icyo-tumaze-ku-buzima</ref> == Gutera imbuto == Itariki yo gutera: guhera hagati mu kwezi k’Ukwakira  kugeza hagati mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo. '''Guhungira imbuto:''' imbuto z’ubunyobwa zishobora guhura n’indwara ituma ziborera mu butaka. Ni yo mpamvu rero ari ngombwa ko zitunganywa hakoreshejwe umuti wa  Mencozeb na Thiram. Uko iyo miti ikoreshwa biba bisobanuye ku buryo bwumvikana ku gapapuro kometse ku muti. [[Dosiye:Champs d'arachides 4.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'ubunyobwa]] '''Intera''': basiga ntera ya cm 50 hagati y’imirongo na cm 5-10 hagati y’imyobo ku mirongo. Imbuto ziterwa mu myobo ya  cm 5-7.5 z’ubunjyakuzimu  zigatwikirizwa agataka gake.<ref name=":3">https://murukali.com/products/groundnuts-kg-ubunyobwa</ref> == Gukoresha amafumbire == Ubunyobwa ni ikinyamisogwe gikurura Azote mu kirere gikoresheje uduheri tuba ku mizi yabwo. Kubera iyo mpamvu ntabwo ubunyobwa bwakira neza ifumbire nyinshi irimo Azote. Azote nyinshi ituma ubunyobwa bukururumba bukaba nk’igihuru ariko ntibushore indabo ngo buzane ubunyobwa.<ref name=":1" /> Nyamara ariko iyo ubunyobwa bukimera butangiye gukura, buba bukeneye Azote kuko buba bugishakisha uko bukurura Azote yo mu kirere. Ingamba nziza zafasha umuhinzi gucunga neza Azote ni ugukoresha ifumbire y’ibanze ku rugero rwa Kg 15-20/Ha z’ifumbire irimo Azote ( Ire), no kongerera ubunyobwwa ubushobozi bwo gukurura Azote mu kirere. Ibyo bikorwa umuhinzi avanga imbuto y’ubunyobwa n’imiyege yitwa Rhizobium ( soma Rizobiyumu). Ifumbire y’ibanze irimo Azote ikoreshwa hamwe n’ifumbire irimo imyunyungugu ya Potasiyumu na Fosifore mbere yo gutera. Ifumbire y’imborera ku rugero rwa Toni 15 kuri Hegitari irahagije ngo izanire ubunyobwa intungagihingwa bukeneye.<ref name=":4">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135313/https://www.agakiza.rw/Wari-uzi-ko-ubunyobwa-ari-ingenzi-mu-buzima-6990.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Groundnut, sugar and powdered milk.jpg|thumb|Ifu y'ubunyobwa]] == Kwita ku gihingwa == '''Kubagara''': ibyatsi bibi byimeza bicuranwa n’ibihingwa ubuhehere, intungagihingwa, urumuri n’umwanya wo kwisanzuriramo. Ni ngombwa kurandura ibyatsi byose bibi byimeza mu murima.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kicukiro-ku-ndobo-yubunyobwa-yashyizeho-momo-pay-bwatumye-yorora-inka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135312/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kicukiro-ku-ndobo-yubunyobwa-yashyizeho-momo-pay-bwatumye-yorora-inka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gukoresha amafumbire == Iyo ubunyobwa bumaze kumera, umuhinzi akabona ko budafite uduheri duhagije ku mizi bityo ntibunakurure Azote ihagije mu kirere, ni ngombwa kongeramo ifumbire ikungahaye kuri Azote ku rugero rwa kg 30-40/Ha mu minsi iri hagati ya 30 na 45 nyuma y’itera. Iyo fumbire ifasha igihingwa gukura neza ikoreshwa igihe ubutaka buhehereye, hanyuma igakurikirwa no kurandura ibyatsi cyangwa kumenera ubutaka. Ishwagara na yo ni ingenzi ku buhinzi bw’ubunyobwa mu butaka busharira. Umuhinzi akoresha ishwagara iseye neza ku rugero rwa kg 250/Ha ishyirwa ku muzenguruko w’ingemwe z’ubunyobwa mu minsi 20-25 nyuma yo gutera. Ishwagara irenzwaho agataka gake kugira ngo igume mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 3.<ref name=":6">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/79955/ubunyobwa-kimwe-mu-binyampeke-bitangaje-ku-ntungamubiri-79955.html</ref> '''Guhinduranya ibihingwa:''' Ni byiza guhinduranya ubunyobwa n’ibindi bihingwa bitari mu bwoko bw’ibinyamisogwe mu rwego rwo kurinda no kurwanya indwara.<ref name=":6" /> == Indwara n'uburyo bwo kurwanya Udukoko == Ubunyobwa bufatwa n’indwara ziterwa n’udukoko tunyunyuza amatembabuzi nk’inda, uduhunduguru tunyunyuza amababi, ibinyugunyugu birya amababi, udukoko turya amababi n’utundi mu gihe bukimera no mu gihe burimo bukura. Mu gihe bumaze gukura kandi ubunyobwa bushobora gufatwa n’ibyonnyi nk’ibishorobwa bipfumura ibishinshwa by’ubunyobwa bugikura bikabwangiza bikomeye.<ref name=":7">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/118533/burinda-kanseri-bukanasukura-umubiri-akamaro-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa-118533.html</ref> '''1.Indwara y’ibibara by’ikigina ( Cercospora arachidicola)''' ni indwara iterwa n’uduhumyo  tuzana ibibara ku mababi y’ubunyobwa. Amoko yose y’ubunyobwa yibasirwa n’iyi ndwara kandi igabanya cyane umusaruro w’ubunyobwa, cyane by’umwihariko mu turere tw’amajyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba, Uburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo ashyira uburengerezubwa bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.  Ibibara by’ikigina ku mababi y’ubunyobwa  bishobora kugabanya umusaruro w’ubunyobwa ku rugero ruva kuri 1% kugeza kuri 50% by’umusaruro wari utegerejwe bitewe n’uko igihingwa cyafashwe n’umuti wakoreshejwe mu kurwanya iyo ndwara.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |url=http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3158 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204224547/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3158 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibimenyetso == Indwara y’ibibara by’ikigina (Cercospora arachidicola)yinduza ibiti by’ubunyobwa gusa, igatera ibibara by’ikigina bias n’ibikomere ku gihimba, ku mababi ndetse no ku nkondo z’amababi. Ibimenyetso bya mbere by’ibibara by’ikigina bikora uruziga bigaragara ku mababi ya mbere y’igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa kuva ku minsi 30 kugeza ku minsi 50 nyuma yo gutera. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutuma indabo z’ubunyobwa zihunguka imburagihe ndetse ikagabanya n’umusaruro. Ibindi bimenyetso by’iyi ndwara harimo urubobi ry’ikijuju ruzamukamo utwoya ruza kuri bya bikomere mu bihe by’ubukonje. Ibimenyetso by’indwara y’ibibara by’ikigina ku mababi y’ubunyobwa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135311/https://www.agakiza.org/Wari-uzi-ko-ubunyobwa-butuma-umutima-ukora-neza.html</ref> == Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya == Indwara y’ibidomo by’ikigina ishobora kwirindwa cyangwa  kuvurwa hakoreshejwe ibi bikurikira: * Gutera umuti wica uduhumyo nka chlorothalonil,  Tebuconazole, Pyraclostrobin iterwa ubunyobwa bukizana imiteja. Uwo muti uterwa rimwe mu byumyeru 2;   * Hakurikijwe ubukana bw’indwara, uburyo bwo guhinga akarondorondo bwagaragaje ko butinza icyorezo cy’iyi ndwara kuko bugabanya igipimo cy’ubwandu; * Gukoesha imbuto y’ubunyobwa zidafatwa cyangwa zihanganira iyi ndwara.<ref name=":9">https://mucuruzi.com/peanut-ubunyobwa-price-2800-rwf-kg-delivery-fees-1000-rwf/</ref> '''2. ozete ( Groundnut rosette virus'''-GRV) ni indwara iterwa na virusi iboneka mu bihugu byo munsi y’ubutayu Sahara.  Ikwirakwzwa n’udukoko, iva mu bihingwa ijya mu bindi. Udukoko dukwirakwiza iyo virusi ni nk’Inda z’ibihingwa (''Aphis craccivora''). Indwara ya Rozete yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Afurikaa mu mwaka w’1907 ikaba yarangije bikomeye igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa kuri uyu mugabane. Mu mwaka wa 1939, byagaragaye ko yangije ibihingwa kugera kuri   80 - 90% muri Congo Mbiligi byateje igihombo gikomeye ku musaruro.  Iyi virusi ikwirakwira byihuse mu bihingwa Ubunyobwa bwanduye indwara ya Rozete.<ref>https://igikoni.com/product.php?pid=255&action=add&id=prodid287&product_type=287</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bwihanganira iyi ndwara, * Gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara z’ibihingwa.<ref name=":10">https://bwiza.com/?Ibigori-amasaka-n-ubunyobwa-byo-muri-Uganda-birimo-ibinyabutabire-bishobora</ref> == '''3.''' Ibyonnyi by’ubunyobwa == [[Dosiye:Aphis craccivora 01 by-dpc.jpg|thumb|197x197px|'''Aphis craccivora''']] ==== 1. Inda z’ubunyobwa ( ''Aphis craccivora'' - Koch.) ==== Utu dukoko dutera uburozi bukaze mu gihingwa iyo tukinyunyuza maze twaba twinshi bugatuma kigwingira cyangwa cyuma burundu. Iyo utu dukoko  tunyunyuza igihingwa turema ibintu bimeze nk’ubuki byinshi bisa nabi bituma igihingwa kibora. Ibi bituma igihingwa kitabasha kwiremera imbaraga ziva mu rumuri zigifasha mu mikurire yacyo bityo amababi agasa nabi ku buryo atahabwa amatungo. Ibimenyetso bigaragara ku gihingwa cyanduye iyi ndwara ni uguhinduka umuhondo, kuraba no kuma burundu. Muri rusange ubunyobwa burangirika bikomeye byaba biturutse ku kuribwa n’udukoko ubwatwo cyangwa se ari virusi zitera indwara zinjizwa mu gihingwa n’utwo dukoko (Rossette & Peanut strip virus.) Ifoto igaragaza inda zangiza ubunyobwa.<ref name=":5" /> '''Kurinda ubunyobwa iyi ndwara''' * Udukoko tutya inda z’ubunyobwa nka ''inella septumpunctata, Menochilus sexmaculatus'' & ''Chrysoperla carnea  du''fasha gucungana n’iyi ndwara''.'' ( kamwe kamwe ku gihingwa kimwe karahagije ku buryo atari ngombwa kwitabaza imiti yica udukoko) * Kuvanga ubunyobwa n’inkori mu murima umwe * Gukoresha imiti  yica udukoko wa Phosphamidon 0.03 %, M-O-D 0.025 % na Dimethoate 0.03 %.<ref name=":7" /> === .  Uduhunduguru: (''Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips palmi'') === [[Dosiye:Sd adult spread.jpg|thumb|'''''Scirtothrips dorsalis''''']] Ibyana n’ibikuru bishwanyaguza ubuso bw’amababi bikanyunyuza amatembabuzi maze bigatuma mu nsi y’amababi hazaho ibibara by’umweru no kwangirika kw’amababi akimera. Iyo ubu burwayi bukabije butera igihingwa kugwingira.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/08/16/kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135319/https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/08/16/kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Uburyo bwo kuburwanya ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bwihanganira indwara * Kurandura no gutwika ibihingwa byangiritse bikomeye, * Kubungabunga udusimba turya ubwo bukoko harimo ibivumvuri, urutambara,, udukoko tuguruka dufite amababa y’icyatsi kibisi, isanane, isazi n’ibitangangurirwa. * Gutera umuti wa Monochrotophos 36SL 600 ml/ha cyangwa Dimethoate 30 EC 650ml/ha cyangwa Methyldemeton 25 EC 600 ml muri litiro 600 z’amazi. * Gutera umuti wa monocrotophos 320ml uvanze n’amavuta ya Neem  ( soma Nimu)L1 na kg 1 y’isabune y’ifu ivanze muri litiro 200 z’amazi inshuro 2 mu  y’iminsi 10.<ref name=":10" /> === 3. Agakoko kangiza amababi (''Aproaerema modicella)'' === ==== Uko kangiza ==== Ku gice  cyo hejuru cy’amababi hagaragaraho ibisa n’ubushye hafi y’uruteranyirizo. Uko udukoko tugenda turya igihingwa ni ko igice cyangiriste kigenda kiyongera kugeza ubwo ikibabi cyose gihindutse ikijuju, kikihinahina ndetse kikanuma. Iyo ubu burwayi bukabije igihingwa cyafashwe gisa n’icyatwitswe n’umuriro.  Iyo iyi ndwara itinze utu dukoko duhuriza amababi hamwe tukayarya tukaguma mu gice gihinahinnye.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Uburyo bwo kukarwanya: ==== * Ibinyugunyugu bikuze bitegeshwa urumuri kuva saa kumi n’ebyiri n’igce (6.30 p.m) kugeza saa yine n’igice (10.30 p.m) za nijoro. Amatara ya Peteroli aterekwa hasi ku butaka akabikurura. * Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima bateramo ibindi bihingwa bitari mu bwoko bw’ibinyamisogwe bishobora gufasha mu kugabanya ku buryo bugaragara kororoka k’udukoko twangiza amababi b’ubunyobwa. * Kwirinda guhinduranya ubunyobwa na Soya cyangwa andi moko y’ibinyamisogwe. * Uburyo bwizewe kurushaho mu kurinda ubunyobwa indwara ni ugutera ubwoko buzwiho kwihanganira uburwayi. * Gukoresha iiti yica udukoko nka Monocrotophos 0.04 %, DDVP 0.05 %, Fenitrothion 0.05 %, Endosulfan 0.07 %, Carbaryl 0.2 %, Quinalphos 0.05 %.<ref name=":9" /> == 4.''' Nkongwa ( ''Helicoverpa armigera'' ) '''    == '''Uburyo yangiza'''Ibyana bya Nkongwa bitungwa n’amababi, bigakunda cyane indabo n’imimero. Iyo biriye imimero hagenda hagaragara imyobo n’ amababi abumbuye ariweho. [[Dosiye:Scarce Bordered Straw (Helicoverpa armigera) (52441465352).jpg|thumb|Agakoko ka Helicoverpa armigera|179x179px]] ==== Kurwanya Nkongwa mu gihe cy’ihinga ==== * Guhinga bageza hasi cyane mu gihe cy’icyi * Kuvangamo umurongo umwe w’imikunde nyuma ya buri mirongo 5 cyangwa 6 y’ubunyobwa * Gushyiramo imitego @ 5/ha * Guhinduranya ubunyobwa  n’amasaka, ibigori, uburo n’ibisheke bigabanya ubwandu bwa Nkongwa.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-uko-nyirabagenzi-yavuye-i-kigali-akajya-gukora-ubuhinzi-i-mpanga/</ref> == '''5.''' Ibishorobwa ( ''Holotrichia consanguinea )'' == [[Dosiye:A Holotrichia sauteri larva.jpg|thumb|195x195px|''Holotrichia consanguinea'']] Ibishorobwa bikuze bigira uburebure buri hagati ya mm 18-20 na mm 7-9 z’ubugari. Amagi yabyo aba ari umweru, ajya kugira ishusho y’umwiburungushure. Ibyana byabyo bisa n’umweru ubengerana, bikagira mm 5 z’uburebure.  Ibi bikoko bipfupfunuka mu butaka mu minsi  3-4 nyuma y’uko imvura itangiye kugwa.  Ni ngombwa gushyiraho imitego y’amatara mu gihe imvura itangiye kugwa no kubara umubare w’ibishorobwa buri munsi. Bikorwa bacukura icyobo cya cm 100 X 100 X 20, ni ukuvuga ibyobo 10 / ha,  gufata no kubara umubare w’ibishorobwa kuri buri cyobo. Byaba ibikuze cyangwa ibyana ibishorobwa byose birangiza. Ibyana bitungwa n’imizi kandi bikangiza ibishishwa by’ubunyobwa. Birya imizi mizima bigatuma icika intege, igihingwa kikaraba, kikuma ibice ibice.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Uburyo busanzwe bwo kubirwanya ==== Gufata no gutwika ibishorobwa bikuze bikuwe mu biti byiberamo mu nkengero z’umurima. Mu bice ibi bishorobwa by’umweru byanze gushiramo, bisaba guhinga bageza hasi cyane nyuma y’isarura  bityo bishobora kugabanya ubwinshi bwabyo kuko inyoni zibitoratora no gutwika ibikonoshwa byabyo.<ref name=":2" /> ==== Kubyirinda ==== * Gutera umuti wica udukoko wabigenewe mu gihe ubwinshi bw’ibishorobwa byabaye byinshi  bikarenga urugero  rwihanganirwa. Kurwanya ibishorobwa by’umweru bikuze batera umuti ku biti bibamo nka Neem ( Soma Nimu) n’ibindi. Gukoresha umuti wa Carbaryl 50 WP ku rugero rwa  g 2 kuri litiro y’amazi. Cyangwa Chlorpyriphos 20 EC ku rugero rwa  ml 2/litiro y’amazi  bigakorwa vuba igihe cy’imvura gitangiye, bigakorwa iminsi 3-4 mu masaha ya nimugoroba. Iyi miti yica ibishorobwa bikuze kandi bikagabanya kumunga imizi. Gutera imiti bigomba gusubirwamo nk’inshuro 3 -4 kugeza hagati mu kwezi kwa * Nyakanga, ibyiza kandi ni uko umuti waterwa muri gahunda rusange. * Gutera umuti wa Carbofuran kg 1/ha ku mbuto bishobora kuba uburyo bwiza. * Guhungira imbuto mbere ukoresheje umuti wa  chlorpyriphos 20 EC ( ml 6.5 kugeza kuri 12.5/kg cy’imbuto) bigira akamaro. * Mu gihe ibi bikoko bikabije bakoresha umuti witwa Phorate ku rugero rwa kg 10 /ha.<ref name=":1" /> == '''6.''' Umuswa == ''' '''Amafoto yerekana uko imiswa yangiza ubunyobwa Imiswa ni udusimba tw’umweru tubengerana. Imiswa yinjira mu gice cyose cy’imizi igacukura imizi n’igihimba; bigatuma igihingwa cyuma. Imiswa icukura igishishwa cy’ubunyobwa ikinjira ikangiza imbuto. Imiswa imunga agace koroshye ku gishishwa ariko ubusanzwe ntimunga imbuto z’imbere. Ibishishwa byamunzwe bibasha kwanduzwa n’imiyege yitwa Aspergillus ituma igihingwa cyangirika. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/ckr3y9vjv10o</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya ==== * Gusenya imigina y’imiswa bakoresha ibikoresho bisukuye * Guhungira imbuto bakoresheje umuti wa Chlorpyriphos. * Gutera umuti wa Chlorpyriphos mu migina y’imiswa. * Gutera umuti wa  Carbofuran cyangwa Chlorpyriphos mu butaka ku rugero rwa kg 1 /ha mu gihe cyo gutera bishobora kugabanya ikwirakira ry’imiswa.<ref name=":4" /> ==== . Magurijana (Peridontopyge spp.) ==== Magurijana ni kimwe mu byonnyi byangiza igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa. Magurijana isa n’ikigina kijya kuba umukara, ikihinahina iyo hari ikiyikomye. Magurijana zifata imbuto z’ubunyobwa guhera zigiterwa kugeza mu minsi 20 nyuma y’itera. Zirya imimero ikizamuka zikimukira no mu mizi. Igishishwa cy’ubunyobwa kenshi kirangirika kikaba inzira y’udukoko dutera indwara twinjira mu bunyobwa. N’ibihingwa birokotse utu dukoko bikura nabi.<ref name=":7" /> Magurijana zinafata n’ubunyobwa bumaze gukura butangiye gushora, igihe igishishwa kicyorohereye. Ibishishwa bitarakomera biratobagurika bikangirika cyangwa bigaterwa na mikorobe zituma bibora nk’imiyege ya ''Aspergillus flavus''. Magurijana kandi zishobora no konona uruyange.<ref name=":7" /> {| class="wikitable" |'''Kuzirinda:''' * Kugira isuku mu murima. * Gutegura neza ubutaka * Guhitamo umurima wo guhingamo ubunyobwa kure y’ishyamba (ni ho magurijana zororokera). * Gutwikiriza itaka ibishishwa byanamye. * Gusiba ahiyashije mu butaka. * Gutera amoko yinjira cyane mu butaka |} == Gufata neza umusaruro == Ubusanzwe igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa  ni cyo kimenyesha igihe kigomba gusarurwa. Ubunyobwa busarurwa igihe byibura 75% by’ibishishwa bifunitse ubunyobwa byamaze kwera neza; icyo gihe amababi aba yarabaye umuhondo kandi yaratangiye kuma ku mitwe. Bibera mu gihe kimwe no kumagara k’ubutaka ku buryo ibiti by’ibihingwa biraba n’ubunyobwa buri mu bishishwa bugatangira kujegera no guhindura isura ko bweze.<ref name=":4" /> [[Dosiye:Harvested palm nuts for the production of palm oil.jpg|thumb|172x172px|Isarurwa ry' Ubunyobwa]] Ujya gusarura ubunyobwa yoroshya ubutaka bukikije igitsinzi cy’ubunyobwa akoresheje igitiyo cyangwa majagu. Ubutaka bumaze koroha usarura arandura ubunyobwa agakunguta itaka riba rifashe ku mizi, hagasigara ibishishwa birimo ubunyobwa.  Umuntu usarura ubunyobwa agenzura neza ko nta busigaye mu butaka. <ref>https://amarebe.com/dore-ibanga-wakoresha-niba-wifuza-kubyibuha-biri-kuri-gahunda-fitness-mugore-nawe-mugabo-soma-wiyumvire-uko-nawe-wagira-umubiri-uri-fit/</ref> == Kwita kumusaruro == Nyuma y’isarura, ubunyobwa bukiri mu bishishwa bwanikwa ku zuba, nyuma bakabuhura, bakabugosora. Nyuma yabyo barabutoranya (mu kubutoranya batandukanya ubunyobwa bwiza butamanyutse, ubw’ibisate n’ubwangiritse cyane) bakabuhunika. Ubunyobwa butekwa mu isosi, mu mboga cyangwa bakabukaranga bakabuhekenya. Ubunyobwa kandi bashobora kubutunganya mu nganda bagakuramo ibindi biribwa bitandukanye nk’amavuta yo guteka, amavuta yo gusiga ku migati, n’ibindi.<ref name=":3" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] pcwu0i7zzoz2zw150fcxai70urji5sb 137118 137053 2026-09-14T13:18:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubunyobwa bukaranze bufitiye akamaro umubiri.jpg|thumb|Ubunyobwa]] [[Dosiye:Umwana uri Gusekura.jpg|left|thumb]] == Iriburiro == Ubunyobwa ni ikiribwa kiza gitanga intungamubiri ku bantu no ku butaka. Kuba ubunyobwa burimo ibitera imbaraga ku gipimo cyo hejuru, bukagira poroteyine,  vitamini, imyunyungugu, budasiga ibinure bibi mu mubiri, bugira igipimo cy’umunyu gito, ibyo byose  hamwe bituma ubunyobwa buba igihingwa gifite agaciro kanini mu rwego rw’imirire.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-akamaro-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa-ku-buryo-buhoraho</ref><ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135312/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/groundnuts/post-harvest_management</ref> Ubunyobwa buhingwa mu bice bya za Toropike no munsi yazo ku isi yose, mu butaka bw’urusenyi. Ubunyobwa buribwa nk’amavuta asigwa ku migati, barabuhekenya cyangwa bakabukuramo amavuta, butekwa mu isosi no mu mboga cyangwa se bagakoramo ibindi biribwa bahekenya birimo umunyu cyangwa isukari.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Graines d'arachides.jpg|thumb|Ifu y'ubunyobwa ]] Igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa kigira imigozi irandaranda, nay o ikazana uruyange kuri buri gapfundo. Utwo turabo turibangurira ubwatwo maze tukazana imishoro yinjira mu butaka. Ku dutwe tw’iyo mishoro ni ho hiremaho ubunyobwa munsi y’ubutaka. Ubutaka bwo hejuru bugomba kuba burimo ibumba rike (mu nsi ya 20%) kandi bworoshye kugira ngo imishoro yinjire mu butaka ku buryo bworoshye.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ubunyobwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135305/https://umutihealth.com/ubunyobwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Peanut 9417.jpg|thumb|Ubunyobwa bweze]] == Amoko y’ubunyobwa == Ubunyobwa ni igihingwa kititaweho cyane mu bushakashatsi, bityo amoko yabwo akunda guhingwa azwi n’abahinzi kuva nta bushakashatsi bwigeze bukorwa ku bunyobwa. Amoko ahingwa atandukanira ku ibara no ku ngano yabwo. Amoko y’ubunyobwa aboneka mu Rwanda yaturutse mu Bugande na Zambiya dusangamo: Ubu bwoko bw’ubunyobwa bukomoka muri Leta ya Virginia ( Soma Virijiniya) muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Mbere na mbere bwazanywe muri Zambiya bwitwa Msekera Groundnut Variety 4 (MGV-4), buzwi muri Malawi ku izina rya CG-7 bukitwa Serenut IR mu Bugande. Bwerera iminsi 120 -140 kandi biroroshye kubusarura kuko barandura igiti cyose. Intete z’ubu bunyobwa ziratukura, zirangana, ziraringaniye, zigizwe na 48-50% by’amavuta.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/menya-akamaro-gakomeye-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa-kenshi-cyangwa-mu-buryo-buhoraho/</ref> == MGV 5 ( Ubunyobwa bw’iroza) == Ubwoko bw’ubunyobwa bwa MGV-5 buje vuba bukomotse muri Leta ya Virginia ( Soma Virijiniya) yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bugira imbuto zibyibushye z’ibara ryiza rijya kuba iroza bukaba bugira umusaruro mwinshi.  Bugira umwihariko wo kugira amavuta menshi agera kuri 48% bityo bikaba byiza kubukoramo amavuta. Bukunda guhingwa mu bice by’ibibaya  bya Zambiya, bwerera iminsi 120 bukagira umusaruro ugera kuri Toni 2/ha ku bahinzi bato bato.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/akamaro-utaruzi-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135303/https://yegob.rw/akamaro-utaruzi-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Chishango == Ubu bwoko nabwo bukomoka muri Leta ya Virginia ( Soma Virijiniya)yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwera neza mu bice by’iburasirazuba bya Zambiya, bukerera iminsi 120. Bugira ibara ry’iroze ryijimye, burasa bwose, ingano yabwo iri mu rugero, bugira igipimo cy’amavuta cya 47%. Bwera hafi  Toni 2/ha kandi biba byiza kubugurisha bugakorwamo ibindi biribwa.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/article/akamaro-k-ubunyobwa-ku-mibereho-ya-muntu-by-umwihariko-ku-guhangana-n-indwara-y</ref> [[Dosiye:Fresh groundnut leaves 02.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'ubunyobwa]] == Gutegura umurima == Impamvu umurima ugomba gutegurwa zishingiye kuri ibi bikurikira: * Kurandura burundu no kumaramo ibihingwa byose bitifuzwa nk’ibimera byimeza n’ibyatsi bibi kugira ngo bidacuranwa n’igihingwa kigiye guhingwamo; * Gutegura neza ubutaka kugira ngo imimero izamuke neza, maze igihingwa kizakure neza * Kugira umurima wera kandi utanga umusaruro igihe kinini hashyirwamo ifumbire y’imborera no kurwanya isuri * Kumenera ubutaka ibinonko bikomeye bikavaho bityo amazi akabasha kwinjira neza mu butaka ari nako hirindwa isuri * Korohereza imirimo yo kushyira mu butaka imvange y’ inyongeramusaruro, ishwagara n’imiti yabugenewe * Kuvanga ibishingwe n’ ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa * Gutegura ubutaka bigomba gusubirwamo igihe ibyatsi bibi bitangiye kumeramo * Iyo ubutaka buzamo ibyatsi bibi bihoraho nk’urumamfu cyangwa urukangaga ni ngombwa guhinga bageza isuka kure mu bujyakuzimu.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/utu-ni-utuntu-12-dutangaje-utari-uzi-kandi-nyamara-dufite-icyo-tumaze-ku-buzima</ref> == Gutera imbuto == Itariki yo gutera: guhera hagati mu kwezi k’Ukwakira  kugeza hagati mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo. '''Guhungira imbuto:''' imbuto z’ubunyobwa zishobora guhura n’indwara ituma ziborera mu butaka. Ni yo mpamvu rero ari ngombwa ko zitunganywa hakoreshejwe umuti wa  Mencozeb na Thiram. Uko iyo miti ikoreshwa biba bisobanuye ku buryo bwumvikana ku gapapuro kometse ku muti. [[Dosiye:Champs d'arachides 4.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'ubunyobwa]] '''Intera''': basiga ntera ya cm 50 hagati y’imirongo na cm 5-10 hagati y’imyobo ku mirongo. Imbuto ziterwa mu myobo ya  cm 5-7.5 z’ubunjyakuzimu  zigatwikirizwa agataka gake.<ref name=":3">https://murukali.com/products/groundnuts-kg-ubunyobwa</ref> == Gukoresha amafumbire == Ubunyobwa ni ikinyamisogwe gikurura Azote mu kirere gikoresheje uduheri tuba ku mizi yabwo. Kubera iyo mpamvu ntabwo ubunyobwa bwakira neza ifumbire nyinshi irimo Azote. Azote nyinshi ituma ubunyobwa bukururumba bukaba nk’igihuru ariko ntibushore indabo ngo buzane ubunyobwa.<ref name=":1" /> Nyamara ariko iyo ubunyobwa bukimera butangiye gukura, buba bukeneye Azote kuko buba bugishakisha uko bukurura Azote yo mu kirere. Ingamba nziza zafasha umuhinzi gucunga neza Azote ni ugukoresha ifumbire y’ibanze ku rugero rwa Kg 15-20/Ha z’ifumbire irimo Azote ( Ire), no kongerera ubunyobwwa ubushobozi bwo gukurura Azote mu kirere. Ibyo bikorwa umuhinzi avanga imbuto y’ubunyobwa n’imiyege yitwa Rhizobium ( soma Rizobiyumu). Ifumbire y’ibanze irimo Azote ikoreshwa hamwe n’ifumbire irimo imyunyungugu ya Potasiyumu na Fosifore mbere yo gutera. Ifumbire y’imborera ku rugero rwa Toni 15 kuri Hegitari irahagije ngo izanire ubunyobwa intungagihingwa bukeneye.<ref name=":4">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135313/https://www.agakiza.rw/Wari-uzi-ko-ubunyobwa-ari-ingenzi-mu-buzima-6990.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Groundnut, sugar and powdered milk.jpg|thumb|Ifu y'ubunyobwa]] == Kwita ku gihingwa == '''Kubagara''': ibyatsi bibi byimeza bicuranwa n’ibihingwa ubuhehere, intungagihingwa, urumuri n’umwanya wo kwisanzuriramo. Ni ngombwa kurandura ibyatsi byose bibi byimeza mu murima.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kicukiro-ku-ndobo-yubunyobwa-yashyizeho-momo-pay-bwatumye-yorora-inka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135312/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kicukiro-ku-ndobo-yubunyobwa-yashyizeho-momo-pay-bwatumye-yorora-inka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gukoresha amafumbire == Iyo ubunyobwa bumaze kumera, umuhinzi akabona ko budafite uduheri duhagije ku mizi bityo ntibunakurure Azote ihagije mu kirere, ni ngombwa kongeramo ifumbire ikungahaye kuri Azote ku rugero rwa kg 30-40/Ha mu minsi iri hagati ya 30 na 45 nyuma y’itera. Iyo fumbire ifasha igihingwa gukura neza ikoreshwa igihe ubutaka buhehereye, hanyuma igakurikirwa no kurandura ibyatsi cyangwa kumenera ubutaka. Ishwagara na yo ni ingenzi ku buhinzi bw’ubunyobwa mu butaka busharira. Umuhinzi akoresha ishwagara iseye neza ku rugero rwa kg 250/Ha ishyirwa ku muzenguruko w’ingemwe z’ubunyobwa mu minsi 20-25 nyuma yo gutera. Ishwagara irenzwaho agataka gake kugira ngo igume mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 3.<ref name=":6">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/79955/ubunyobwa-kimwe-mu-binyampeke-bitangaje-ku-ntungamubiri-79955.html</ref> '''Guhinduranya ibihingwa:''' Ni byiza guhinduranya ubunyobwa n’ibindi bihingwa bitari mu bwoko bw’ibinyamisogwe mu rwego rwo kurinda no kurwanya indwara.<ref name=":6" /> == Indwara n'uburyo bwo kurwanya Udukoko == Ubunyobwa bufatwa n’indwara ziterwa n’udukoko tunyunyuza amatembabuzi nk’inda, uduhunduguru tunyunyuza amababi, ibinyugunyugu birya amababi, udukoko turya amababi n’utundi mu gihe bukimera no mu gihe burimo bukura. Mu gihe bumaze gukura kandi ubunyobwa bushobora gufatwa n’ibyonnyi nk’ibishorobwa bipfumura ibishinshwa by’ubunyobwa bugikura bikabwangiza bikomeye.<ref name=":7">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/118533/burinda-kanseri-bukanasukura-umubiri-akamaro-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa-118533.html</ref> '''1.Indwara y’ibibara by’ikigina ( Cercospora arachidicola)''' ni indwara iterwa n’uduhumyo  tuzana ibibara ku mababi y’ubunyobwa. Amoko yose y’ubunyobwa yibasirwa n’iyi ndwara kandi igabanya cyane umusaruro w’ubunyobwa, cyane by’umwihariko mu turere tw’amajyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba, Uburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo ashyira uburengerezubwa bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.  Ibibara by’ikigina ku mababi y’ubunyobwa  bishobora kugabanya umusaruro w’ubunyobwa ku rugero ruva kuri 1% kugeza kuri 50% by’umusaruro wari utegerejwe bitewe n’uko igihingwa cyafashwe n’umuti wakoreshejwe mu kurwanya iyo ndwara.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |url=http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3158 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204224547/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3158 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibimenyetso == Indwara y’ibibara by’ikigina (Cercospora arachidicola)yinduza ibiti by’ubunyobwa gusa, igatera ibibara by’ikigina bias n’ibikomere ku gihimba, ku mababi ndetse no ku nkondo z’amababi. Ibimenyetso bya mbere by’ibibara by’ikigina bikora uruziga bigaragara ku mababi ya mbere y’igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa kuva ku minsi 30 kugeza ku minsi 50 nyuma yo gutera. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutuma indabo z’ubunyobwa zihunguka imburagihe ndetse ikagabanya n’umusaruro. Ibindi bimenyetso by’iyi ndwara harimo urubobi ry’ikijuju ruzamukamo utwoya ruza kuri bya bikomere mu bihe by’ubukonje. Ibimenyetso by’indwara y’ibibara by’ikigina ku mababi y’ubunyobwa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135311/https://www.agakiza.org/Wari-uzi-ko-ubunyobwa-butuma-umutima-ukora-neza.html</ref> == Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya == Indwara y’ibidomo by’ikigina ishobora kwirindwa cyangwa  kuvurwa hakoreshejwe ibi bikurikira: * Gutera umuti wica uduhumyo nka chlorothalonil,  Tebuconazole, Pyraclostrobin iterwa ubunyobwa bukizana imiteja. Uwo muti uterwa rimwe mu byumyeru 2;   * Hakurikijwe ubukana bw’indwara, uburyo bwo guhinga akarondorondo bwagaragaje ko butinza icyorezo cy’iyi ndwara kuko bugabanya igipimo cy’ubwandu; * Gukoesha imbuto y’ubunyobwa zidafatwa cyangwa zihanganira iyi ndwara.<ref name=":9">https://mucuruzi.com/peanut-ubunyobwa-price-2800-rwf-kg-delivery-fees-1000-rwf/</ref> '''2. ozete ( Groundnut rosette virus'''-GRV) ni indwara iterwa na virusi iboneka mu bihugu byo munsi y’ubutayu Sahara.  Ikwirakwzwa n’udukoko, iva mu bihingwa ijya mu bindi. Udukoko dukwirakwiza iyo virusi ni nk’Inda z’ibihingwa (''Aphis craccivora''). Indwara ya Rozete yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Afurikaa mu mwaka w’1907 ikaba yarangije bikomeye igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa kuri uyu mugabane. Mu mwaka wa 1939, byagaragaye ko yangije ibihingwa kugera kuri   80 - 90% muri Congo Mbiligi byateje igihombo gikomeye ku musaruro.  Iyi virusi ikwirakwira byihuse mu bihingwa Ubunyobwa bwanduye indwara ya Rozete.<ref>https://igikoni.com/product.php?pid=255&action=add&id=prodid287&product_type=287</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bwihanganira iyi ndwara, * Gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara z’ibihingwa.<ref name=":10">https://bwiza.com/?Ibigori-amasaka-n-ubunyobwa-byo-muri-Uganda-birimo-ibinyabutabire-bishobora</ref> == '''3.''' Ibyonnyi by’ubunyobwa == [[Dosiye:Aphis craccivora 01 by-dpc.jpg|thumb|197x197px|'''Aphis craccivora''']] ==== 1. Inda z’ubunyobwa ( ''Aphis craccivora'' - Koch.) ==== Utu dukoko dutera uburozi bukaze mu gihingwa iyo tukinyunyuza maze twaba twinshi bugatuma kigwingira cyangwa cyuma burundu. Iyo utu dukoko  tunyunyuza igihingwa turema ibintu bimeze nk’ubuki byinshi bisa nabi bituma igihingwa kibora. Ibi bituma igihingwa kitabasha kwiremera imbaraga ziva mu rumuri zigifasha mu mikurire yacyo bityo amababi agasa nabi ku buryo atahabwa amatungo. Ibimenyetso bigaragara ku gihingwa cyanduye iyi ndwara ni uguhinduka umuhondo, kuraba no kuma burundu. Muri rusange ubunyobwa burangirika bikomeye byaba biturutse ku kuribwa n’udukoko ubwatwo cyangwa se ari virusi zitera indwara zinjizwa mu gihingwa n’utwo dukoko (Rossette & Peanut strip virus.) Ifoto igaragaza inda zangiza ubunyobwa.<ref name=":5" /> '''Kurinda ubunyobwa iyi ndwara''' * Udukoko tutya inda z’ubunyobwa nka ''inella septumpunctata, Menochilus sexmaculatus'' & ''Chrysoperla carnea  du''fasha gucungana n’iyi ndwara''.'' ( kamwe kamwe ku gihingwa kimwe karahagije ku buryo atari ngombwa kwitabaza imiti yica udukoko) * Kuvanga ubunyobwa n’inkori mu murima umwe * Gukoresha imiti  yica udukoko wa Phosphamidon 0.03 %, M-O-D 0.025 % na Dimethoate 0.03 %.<ref name=":7" /> === .  Uduhunduguru: (''Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips palmi'') === [[Dosiye:Sd adult spread.jpg|thumb|'''''Scirtothrips dorsalis''''']] Ibyana n’ibikuru bishwanyaguza ubuso bw’amababi bikanyunyuza amatembabuzi maze bigatuma mu nsi y’amababi hazaho ibibara by’umweru no kwangirika kw’amababi akimera. Iyo ubu burwayi bukabije butera igihingwa kugwingira.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/08/16/kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135319/https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/08/16/kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Uburyo bwo kuburwanya ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bwihanganira indwara * Kurandura no gutwika ibihingwa byangiritse bikomeye, * Kubungabunga udusimba turya ubwo bukoko harimo ibivumvuri, urutambara,, udukoko tuguruka dufite amababa y’icyatsi kibisi, isanane, isazi n’ibitangangurirwa. * Gutera umuti wa Monochrotophos 36SL 600 ml/ha cyangwa Dimethoate 30 EC 650ml/ha cyangwa Methyldemeton 25 EC 600 ml muri litiro 600 z’amazi. * Gutera umuti wa monocrotophos 320ml uvanze n’amavuta ya Neem  ( soma Nimu)L1 na kg 1 y’isabune y’ifu ivanze muri litiro 200 z’amazi inshuro 2 mu  y’iminsi 10.<ref name=":10" /> === 3. Agakoko kangiza amababi (''Aproaerema modicella)'' === ==== Uko kangiza ==== Ku gice  cyo hejuru cy’amababi hagaragaraho ibisa n’ubushye hafi y’uruteranyirizo. Uko udukoko tugenda turya igihingwa ni ko igice cyangiriste kigenda kiyongera kugeza ubwo ikibabi cyose gihindutse ikijuju, kikihinahina ndetse kikanuma. Iyo ubu burwayi bukabije igihingwa cyafashwe gisa n’icyatwitswe n’umuriro.  Iyo iyi ndwara itinze utu dukoko duhuriza amababi hamwe tukayarya tukaguma mu gice gihinahinnye.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Uburyo bwo kukarwanya: ==== * Ibinyugunyugu bikuze bitegeshwa urumuri kuva saa kumi n’ebyiri n’igce (6.30 p.m) kugeza saa yine n’igice (10.30 p.m) za nijoro. Amatara ya Peteroli aterekwa hasi ku butaka akabikurura. * Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima bateramo ibindi bihingwa bitari mu bwoko bw’ibinyamisogwe bishobora gufasha mu kugabanya ku buryo bugaragara kororoka k’udukoko twangiza amababi b’ubunyobwa. * Kwirinda guhinduranya ubunyobwa na Soya cyangwa andi moko y’ibinyamisogwe. * Uburyo bwizewe kurushaho mu kurinda ubunyobwa indwara ni ugutera ubwoko buzwiho kwihanganira uburwayi. * Gukoresha iiti yica udukoko nka Monocrotophos 0.04 %, DDVP 0.05 %, Fenitrothion 0.05 %, Endosulfan 0.07 %, Carbaryl 0.2 %, Quinalphos 0.05 %.<ref name=":9" /> == 4.''' Nkongwa ( ''Helicoverpa armigera'' ) '''    == '''Uburyo yangiza'''Ibyana bya Nkongwa bitungwa n’amababi, bigakunda cyane indabo n’imimero. Iyo biriye imimero hagenda hagaragara imyobo n’ amababi abumbuye ariweho. [[Dosiye:Scarce Bordered Straw (Helicoverpa armigera) (52441465352).jpg|thumb|Agakoko ka Helicoverpa armigera|179x179px]] ==== Kurwanya Nkongwa mu gihe cy’ihinga ==== * Guhinga bageza hasi cyane mu gihe cy’icyi * Kuvangamo umurongo umwe w’imikunde nyuma ya buri mirongo 5 cyangwa 6 y’ubunyobwa * Gushyiramo imitego @ 5/ha * Guhinduranya ubunyobwa  n’amasaka, ibigori, uburo n’ibisheke bigabanya ubwandu bwa Nkongwa.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-uko-nyirabagenzi-yavuye-i-kigali-akajya-gukora-ubuhinzi-i-mpanga/</ref> == '''5.''' Ibishorobwa ( ''Holotrichia consanguinea )'' == [[Dosiye:A Holotrichia sauteri larva.jpg|thumb|195x195px|''Holotrichia consanguinea'']] Ibishorobwa bikuze bigira uburebure buri hagati ya mm 18-20 na mm 7-9 z’ubugari. Amagi yabyo aba ari umweru, ajya kugira ishusho y’umwiburungushure. Ibyana byabyo bisa n’umweru ubengerana, bikagira mm 5 z’uburebure.  Ibi bikoko bipfupfunuka mu butaka mu minsi  3-4 nyuma y’uko imvura itangiye kugwa.  Ni ngombwa gushyiraho imitego y’amatara mu gihe imvura itangiye kugwa no kubara umubare w’ibishorobwa buri munsi. Bikorwa bacukura icyobo cya cm 100 X 100 X 20, ni ukuvuga ibyobo 10 / ha,  gufata no kubara umubare w’ibishorobwa kuri buri cyobo. Byaba ibikuze cyangwa ibyana ibishorobwa byose birangiza. Ibyana bitungwa n’imizi kandi bikangiza ibishishwa by’ubunyobwa. Birya imizi mizima bigatuma icika intege, igihingwa kikaraba, kikuma ibice ibice.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Uburyo busanzwe bwo kubirwanya ==== Gufata no gutwika ibishorobwa bikuze bikuwe mu biti byiberamo mu nkengero z’umurima. Mu bice ibi bishorobwa by’umweru byanze gushiramo, bisaba guhinga bageza hasi cyane nyuma y’isarura  bityo bishobora kugabanya ubwinshi bwabyo kuko inyoni zibitoratora no gutwika ibikonoshwa byabyo.<ref name=":2" /> ==== Kubyirinda ==== * Gutera umuti wica udukoko wabigenewe mu gihe ubwinshi bw’ibishorobwa byabaye byinshi  bikarenga urugero  rwihanganirwa. Kurwanya ibishorobwa by’umweru bikuze batera umuti ku biti bibamo nka Neem ( Soma Nimu) n’ibindi. Gukoresha umuti wa Carbaryl 50 WP ku rugero rwa  g 2 kuri litiro y’amazi. Cyangwa Chlorpyriphos 20 EC ku rugero rwa  ml 2/litiro y’amazi  bigakorwa vuba igihe cy’imvura gitangiye, bigakorwa iminsi 3-4 mu masaha ya nimugoroba. Iyi miti yica ibishorobwa bikuze kandi bikagabanya kumunga imizi. Gutera imiti bigomba gusubirwamo nk’inshuro 3 -4 kugeza hagati mu kwezi kwa * Nyakanga, ibyiza kandi ni uko umuti waterwa muri gahunda rusange. * Gutera umuti wa Carbofuran kg 1/ha ku mbuto bishobora kuba uburyo bwiza. * Guhungira imbuto mbere ukoresheje umuti wa  chlorpyriphos 20 EC ( ml 6.5 kugeza kuri 12.5/kg cy’imbuto) bigira akamaro. * Mu gihe ibi bikoko bikabije bakoresha umuti witwa Phorate ku rugero rwa kg 10 /ha.<ref name=":1" /> == '''6.''' Umuswa == ''' '''Amafoto yerekana uko imiswa yangiza ubunyobwa Imiswa ni udusimba tw’umweru tubengerana. Imiswa yinjira mu gice cyose cy’imizi igacukura imizi n’igihimba; bigatuma igihingwa cyuma. Imiswa icukura igishishwa cy’ubunyobwa ikinjira ikangiza imbuto. Imiswa imunga agace koroshye ku gishishwa ariko ubusanzwe ntimunga imbuto z’imbere. Ibishishwa byamunzwe bibasha kwanduzwa n’imiyege yitwa Aspergillus ituma igihingwa cyangirika. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/ckr3y9vjv10o</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya ==== * Gusenya imigina y’imiswa bakoresha ibikoresho bisukuye * Guhungira imbuto bakoresheje umuti wa Chlorpyriphos. * Gutera umuti wa Chlorpyriphos mu migina y’imiswa. * Gutera umuti wa  Carbofuran cyangwa Chlorpyriphos mu butaka ku rugero rwa kg 1 /ha mu gihe cyo gutera bishobora kugabanya ikwirakira ry’imiswa.<ref name=":4" /> ==== . Magurijana (Peridontopyge spp.) ==== Magurijana ni kimwe mu byonnyi byangiza igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa. Magurijana isa n’ikigina kijya kuba umukara, ikihinahina iyo hari ikiyikomye. Magurijana zifata imbuto z’ubunyobwa guhera zigiterwa kugeza mu minsi 20 nyuma y’itera. Zirya imimero ikizamuka zikimukira no mu mizi. Igishishwa cy’ubunyobwa kenshi kirangirika kikaba inzira y’udukoko dutera indwara twinjira mu bunyobwa. N’ibihingwa birokotse utu dukoko bikura nabi.<ref name=":7" /> Magurijana zinafata n’ubunyobwa bumaze gukura butangiye gushora, igihe igishishwa kicyorohereye. Ibishishwa bitarakomera biratobagurika bikangirika cyangwa bigaterwa na mikorobe zituma bibora nk’imiyege ya ''Aspergillus flavus''. Magurijana kandi zishobora no konona uruyange.<ref name=":7" /> {| class="wikitable" |'''Kuzirinda:''' * Kugira isuku mu murima. * Gutegura neza ubutaka * Guhitamo umurima wo guhingamo ubunyobwa kure y’ishyamba (ni ho magurijana zororokera). * Gutwikiriza itaka ibishishwa byanamye. * Gusiba ahiyashije mu butaka. * Gutera amoko yinjira cyane mu butaka |} == Gufata neza umusaruro == Ubusanzwe igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa  ni cyo kimenyesha igihe kigomba gusarurwa. Ubunyobwa busarurwa igihe byibura 75% by’ibishishwa bifunitse ubunyobwa byamaze kwera neza; icyo gihe amababi aba yarabaye umuhondo kandi yaratangiye kuma ku mitwe. Bibera mu gihe kimwe no kumagara k’ubutaka ku buryo ibiti by’ibihingwa biraba n’ubunyobwa buri mu bishishwa bugatangira kujegera no guhindura isura ko bweze.<ref name=":4" /> [[Dosiye:Harvested palm nuts for the production of palm oil.jpg|thumb|172x172px|Isarurwa ry' Ubunyobwa]] Ujya gusarura ubunyobwa yoroshya ubutaka bukikije igitsinzi cy’ubunyobwa akoresheje igitiyo cyangwa majagu. Ubutaka bumaze koroha usarura arandura ubunyobwa agakunguta itaka riba rifashe ku mizi, hagasigara ibishishwa birimo ubunyobwa.  Umuntu usarura ubunyobwa agenzura neza ko nta busigaye mu butaka. <ref>https://amarebe.com/dore-ibanga-wakoresha-niba-wifuza-kubyibuha-biri-kuri-gahunda-fitness-mugore-nawe-mugabo-soma-wiyumvire-uko-nawe-wagira-umubiri-uri-fit/</ref> == Kwita kumusaruro == Nyuma y’isarura, ubunyobwa bukiri mu bishishwa bwanikwa ku zuba, nyuma bakabuhura, bakabugosora. Nyuma yabyo barabutoranya (mu kubutoranya batandukanya ubunyobwa bwiza butamanyutse, ubw’ibisate n’ubwangiritse cyane) bakabuhunika. Ubunyobwa butekwa mu isosi, mu mboga cyangwa bakabukaranga bakabuhekenya. Ubunyobwa kandi bashobora kubutunganya mu nganda bagakuramo ibindi biribwa bitandukanye nk’amavuta yo guteka, amavuta yo gusiga ku migati, n’ibindi.<ref name=":3" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] 5p2y0acsa031lwnagghkt7z9jed3alt 0 14344 137019 91663 2026-09-14T13:11:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137019 wikitext text/x-wiki == WATTLE IBIS == [[Dosiye:Bostrychia carunculata.jpg|thumb|ibis]] Wattle Ibis ni ubwoko bw'inyoni ikomoka mu muryango wathreskiornithidei ni inyoni yo mu misozi ya ethiopia na elitereya kandi iboneka muri ethiopia na elitereya gusa.[https://ebird.org/species/watibi1] == Imiterere == Wattle Ibis n'inyoni ntoya ifite ibara ry'ijimye igikonji cyayo n'amababa yayo yera, ifite umurizo muremure cyane ,ifite isura y'ijimye n'amababa y'umutuku wijimye rouge bordeaux mundimi z'amahanga ikagira ijisho ritukura rikikijwe impeta cyangwa se umuzenguruko wera. ifite hafi 20 mm z'uburebure, ubunini ni 65-75Cm.[https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watibi1/cur/introduction] == aho ziba == [[Dosiye:2009-0618-BostCaru-Ethiopia-Farta-038.jpg|thumb]] iyi nyoni wayisanga mu misozi miremire ya etiyopia na elitereya ku butumburuke bwa 500M kugera ku butumburuke bwa 4100 M. ihitamo imisozi miremire ndetse n'inzira zo murutare wayisanga kandi ahantu hari icyatsi ndetse n'ibyatsi by'urugero [http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697468][https://storkibisspoonbill.org/species/bostrychia-carunculata/] == muri rusange == Iyi nyoni yanditse hamwe n'ubundi bwoko bugera kuri 30-100, Ibis kandi irisha mubwatsi mubiyaga no mumisozi miremire ya alpine, mu bihingwa no mumashyamba, ikinda kurya inyo n'udukoko dutandukanye duto duto, rimwe na rimwe imbebe, inzoka,ibikeri,inyenzi. ikunda kubaka icyari cyayo kubutumburuke hejuru mubiti ahagera izuba, Ibus kandi yororoka kuva muri werurwe kugeza nyakanga, rimwe na rimwe no mukuboza mugihe cy'izuba.itera amagi abiri kugeza kuri atatu yzuye ibishishwa byera [https://animalia.bio/wattled-ibis][https://xeno-canto.org/species/Bostrychia-carunculata] == Imibereho == Izi nyoni ntahungabana zikunze guhura nazo, kandi n inyoni zikunze kugaragara mu mujyi wa adisabeba, ntago zihungabanywa cyane n'ibikorwa by'abantu kubwibyo ntago ntago bifatwa nk'ikibazo byo kubungabunga ibidukikije, kuberako abaturage ari benshi.[https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/3746-Bostrychia-carunculata][https://observation.org/species/73513/] s7jmrizqq5sy3on1n8igqth18wnh67v 137091 137019 2026-09-14T13:17:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137091 wikitext text/x-wiki == Wattle Ibis == [[Dosiye:Bostrychia carunculata.jpg|thumb|ibis]] Wattle Ibis ni ubwoko bw'inyoni ikomoka mu muryango wathreskiornithidei ni inyoni yo mu misozi ya ethiopia na elitereya kandi iboneka muri ethiopia na elitereya gusa.[https://ebird.org/species/watibi1] == Imiterere == Wattle Ibis n'inyoni ntoya ifite ibara ry'ijimye igikonji cyayo n'amababa yayo yera, ifite umurizo muremure cyane ,ifite isura y'ijimye n'amababa y'umutuku wijimye rouge bordeaux mundimi z'amahanga ikagira ijisho ritukura rikikijwe impeta cyangwa se umuzenguruko wera. ifite hafi 20 mm z'uburebure, ubunini ni 65-75Cm.[https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/watibi1/cur/introduction] == aho ziba == [[Dosiye:2009-0618-BostCaru-Ethiopia-Farta-038.jpg|thumb]] iyi nyoni wayisanga mu misozi miremire ya etiyopia na elitereya ku butumburuke bwa 500M kugera ku butumburuke bwa 4100 M. ihitamo imisozi miremire ndetse n'inzira zo murutare wayisanga kandi ahantu hari icyatsi ndetse n'ibyatsi by'urugero [http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697468][https://storkibisspoonbill.org/species/bostrychia-carunculata/] == muri rusange == Iyi nyoni yanditse hamwe n'ubundi bwoko bugera kuri 30-100, Ibis kandi irisha mubwatsi mubiyaga no mumisozi miremire ya alpine, mu bihingwa no mumashyamba, ikinda kurya inyo n'udukoko dutandukanye duto duto, rimwe na rimwe imbebe, inzoka,ibikeri,inyenzi. ikunda kubaka icyari cyayo kubutumburuke hejuru mubiti ahagera izuba, Ibus kandi yororoka kuva muri werurwe kugeza nyakanga, rimwe na rimwe no mukuboza mugihe cy'izuba.itera amagi abiri kugeza kuri atatu yzuye ibishishwa byera [https://animalia.bio/wattled-ibis][https://xeno-canto.org/species/Bostrychia-carunculata] == Imibereho == Izi nyoni ntahungabana zikunze guhura nazo, kandi n inyoni zikunze kugaragara mu mujyi wa adisabeba, ntago zihungabanywa cyane n'ibikorwa by'abantu kubwibyo ntago ntago bifatwa nk'ikibazo byo kubungabunga ibidukikije, kuberako abaturage ari benshi.[https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/3746-Bostrychia-carunculata][https://observation.org/species/73513/] ql6xd2awbgwu5xizyp4xu78t3n5a7e8 0 14346 137054 136073 2026-09-14T13:12:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137054 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tabasco peppers.JPG|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Pepper 03.jpg|thumb|insenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Piri-piri' (6674322781).jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Baby Bell pepper Capsicum annuum 3.jpg|thumb|urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Baby Bell pepper ''Capsicum annuum'' .jpg|thumb|Baby Bell pepper ']] [[Dosiye:Capsicum - Mercado Municipal Funchal 02.jpg|thumb|Insenda]] [[Dosiye:Red Bell pepper.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Peppers in water.jpg|thumb|Peppers in water]] [[Dosiye:Pepper No. 30.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum fruits IMGP0049.jpg|thumb|Capsicum annuum fruits]] [[Dosiye:Chili pepper plant.jpg|thumb|'''Chili pepper plant''']] [[Dosiye:Aji Dulce Pepper Changing Color.jpg|thumb|Aji Dulce Pepper Changing Color]] [[Dosiye:Red pepper falls into glass of water.jpg|thumb|Red pepper falls into glass of water]] [[Dosiye:Pepper (Ata rodo).jpg|thumb|Insenda]] [[Dosiye:Chocolate Habanero peppers - 13 Nov. 2016 - (2).jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum-Chilli-on-plant.JPG|thumb|Chilli pepper plant ]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Solanaceae Capsicum frutescens 1.jpg|thumb|284x284px|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum-Red Chilli Pepper 04.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] Urusenda ni kimwe mu mboga z’ingenzi zihingwa mu Rwanda. Urusenda rwera neza ahantu hashyuha kandi rufata igihe kirekire mu mikurire yarwo. Urusenda rukunda ikirere gishyuha cyane kurusha inyanya kandi rukazirana n’urubura. Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya doger 5 na 15 butuma urusenda rudakura neza. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 24 ni cyo cyiza ku moko menshi y’urusenda rw’ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi.  Nyamara n’ubwo igihingwa cy’urusenga gisaba ubushyuhe, iyo buri hejuru cyane na byo birugiraho ingaruka mbi. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 32 by’umwihariko igihe ubushyuhe burimo imiyaga butuma indabo zihina zigahunguka n’imbuto zikaba nkeya. Iyo igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kirenze dogere 35 cyane cyane iyo bihuriranye n’umuyaga wo mu zuba imbuto z’urusenda zihindura isura kandi zikababurwa n’izuba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/chilli</ref> Kimwe n’andi moko menshi y’ibihingwa, urusenga rushobora guhingwa mu butaka butandukanye ariko cyane cyane rukera neza mu butaka buvanze bw’urusenyi n’inombe. Urusenda rusaba ubutaka bufite ubusharire buri hagati ya  5.5 na  7.0. Ubutaka buhingwamo urusenda bugomba kuba bufite imiyoboro y’amazi meza kandi bubasha kuyabika. Bugomba kandi kuba buhitisha neza amazi kandi bwifitemo n’ubushobozi bwo kugumana amazi akenewe. Ubwo butaka bugomba kuba burimo ifumbire ihagije kandi ari isi ndende, bufite ubujyakuzimu buri hejuru  ya cm 40.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens, Burdwan, West Bengal, India 03 05 2013.jpg|thumb|urusenda]] === AMOKO Y’URUSENDA === Urusenda rukaze rwiganje henshi ku isi mu bucuruzi bw’indyoshyandyo naho urusenda rudakaze ruzwi nka Puwavuro rwakwiriye hose nk’igihingwa cyo mu bwoko bw’imboga kandi cyinjiza amafaranga ku bahinzi baciriritse mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere n’u Rwanda rurimo.Amoko 5 y’urusenda yo mu bwoko bw’urusenda rukaze ni aya akurikira'''''Kamurari-''''' ''C. frutescens chinense- '''Pilipili ,'''baccatum- Urusenda rurerure pubescens'' ''annuum''(rumwe rurakara urundi ntirukara) ''ni yo moko ahingwa cyane'' muri rusange.<ref name=":2">https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/menya-akamaro-k-urusenda-mu-mubiri-harimo-no-kuba-rugabanya-umubyibuho-ukabije</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Gutegura Ubutaka === [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens Capsicum annuum Pj DSC 1076.jpg|thumb|kwiniza urusenda]] ==== Kwinaza ingemwe ==== * '''Guhitamo umurima no kuwutegura''' * Umurima mwiza wo guhumbikamo urusenga ni uwitegeye izuba kandi ukaba utarahinzwemo ibihingwa byo mu bwoko bumwe n’urusenda mu bihembwe by’ihingwa 3-4 byahise. Ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba bugerwaho n’kayaga, buhitisha amazi amazi kandi bufite ubusharire bui mu rugero. Bugomba guhingwa mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 20-30 bagakuramo amabuye, ibyatsi bibi n’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa. * Ubuhumbikiro kand bugomba kuba butarangwamo n’uburwayi n’ibyonnyi. Bugomba kuba bwarashyizwemo ifumbire nziza y’imborera (kg 5/m2) ndetse n’ifumbire mvaruganda nka NPK 17-17-17 (g 20 /m2). * [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens-- Tabasco Pepper (25960478663).jpg|thumb|urusenda]]Hakorwa ubuhumbikiro bwigiye hejuru kuri m 1-1,2 m z’ubugari na cm 20 z’ubujyakuzimu. * '''Guhumbika no kwita ku buhumbikiro''' * Igipimo cy’umurama ukenewe ni kg 0.5-1 kuri hegitari imwe (1ha) cyangwa  (g 5-10 kuri are imwe (m 10x m10). Ni byiza kandi ko hakoreshwa umurama utarasaza kandi uturutse ahantu hizewe nko mu bigo bitunganya cyangwa bicuruza imirama. * [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens (1224874402).jpg|thumb|uko urusenda rushibuka]]Ku munsi wo guhumbika, ubutaka buhumbikwamo buraringanizwa maze bagahumbika ku mirongo baciye bakoresheje agate ku bujyakuzibu bwa cm 0.5. Umurama uterwa mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 10-15 x cm 2, bamara gutera umurama bakawutwikiriza agataka gake. Nyuma y’ibyo, ubuhumbikiro babutwikiriza isaso y’ibyatsi byumye ubundi bakajya bavomerera ku buryo buhoraho. * Iyo imbuto zitangiye kumera (nka nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe), isaso ikurwaho, imimero ikarindwa izuba. * Iyo ingemwe zameze ari nyinshi mu buhumbikiro, ni byiza ko zicirwa kugira ngo urumuri rushobore kwinjiramo. * Iyo bibaye ngombwa, bashobora gukoresha imiti yica udukoko nka Mancozeb (g 2.5/Litiro y’amazi) na Lambda-Cyhalothrin (ml 1/L y’amazi). * Kugira ngo ingemwe zikomere neza, ni ngombwa kugabanya inshuro zo kuvomerera bityo ingemwe zikamenyera guhangana n’izuba buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy’icyumweru 1 cyangwa 2 mbere yo kugemura. '''Icyitonderwa''': Umurama ushobora kubibwa mu bihoho byabugenewe bya cm 7.5 z’umurambararo bikoze mu makoma y’insina cyangwa pulasitikie.Ibyo bihoho buzuzamo itaka rivanze n’ifumbire y’imborera nziza ku rugero rwa 2:1. Imbuto ebyiri ebyiri ziterwa muri buri gihohoi mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 0.5-1c. Iyo ingemwe zimaze kuzana amababi 2-3, urugemwe rumwe rwiza ni rwo rusigara mu gihoho urundi bakarurandura. Ni byiza na none guhumbika mu bikoresho byabugenewe (trays).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ibyiza-ningaruka-mbi-kurya-urusenda-bigira-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://yegob.rw/ibyiza-ningaruka-mbi-kurya-urusenda-bigira-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens (5287183987).jpg|thumb|umurima w'urusenda]] === Guhitamo umurima wo guteramo no kuwutegura === Umurima mwiza wo guteramo urusenda ni umurima utarahinzwemo inyanya, intoryi, ibirayi, ibinyomoro n’itabi cyangwa ibindi bihingwa bwo mu bwoko bumwe mu bihembwe by’ihinga  3-4 byashize.Ubutaka buhingwa bageza isuka hasi, bagakuramo ibikuri n’ibindi bisigazwa by’ibihingwa ubundi ubutaka bukaringanizwa neza. Ni byiza gutera ingemwe z’urusenda  mu mitabo ifite m1-1,20 z’ubugari n’uburebure bugereranyije no gusigaza inzira yo kunyuramo ya cm 40 z’ubugari.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://www.agakiza.rw/Sobanukirwa-Imabaraga-z-urusenda.html</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Gutera imbuto === Ubusanzwe ingemwe z’urusenga zigemurwa nyuma y’iminsi 50-60 zihumbitswe. Ingemwe zifite ubuzima bwiza, zifite uruti rubyibushye n’amababi 4-5 mazima ni zo nziza zo kugemurwa.  Igihe cyiza cyo kugemura ingemwe ni amasaha yo mu gitondo cya kare cyangwa bugorobye kugira ngo ingemwe zikiri nto zitangirika kubera imirasire y’izuba. Mbere yo guterwa, ingemwe bazivomereza amazi ahagije kugira ngo imizi itangirika mu gihe cyo kuzigemeka. Ingemwe ziranduranwa n’akabumbe b’ubutaka gakikije imizi.<ref name=":3">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63761/urusenda-rufite-akamaro-gakomeye-mu-buzima-bwa-buri-munsi-bwa-muntu---63761.html</ref><ref name=":1" /> Mu kugemeka ni ngombwa ko hacukurwa imyobo yo guteramo ya cm 15 z’ubujyakuzimu. Hakurikiraho gushyira mu myobo ifumbire y’imborera yaboze yuzuye ikiganza neza igashyirwa muri buri mwobo ikavangwa neza n’ubutaka. Ifumbire ikenerwa ingana na kg 200-250/are ni ukuvuga Toni 20-25/ha. Intera isigara hagati y’ingemwe igombye kuba cm 45 na cm 60 hagati y’imirongo.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:20171014 - Capsicum frutescens L. 'Piri Piri'.jpg|thumb|kwita k'urusenda]] === Kwita ku gihingwa === ==== Ifumbire n’inyongeramusaruro ==== Mu buhinzi bw’urusenda rukaze, kumenya inyongeramusaruro ya nyayo ni cyo kintu kimwe cy’ingenzi gituma umusaruro uba mwiza. Uburyo bwiza bwakoreshwa mu kwita ku gihingwa buterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye nyamara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba nziza kurusha izindi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-bahinga-urusenda.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-bahinga-urusenda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Ingengabihe: ingano y’inyongeramusaruro ikenerwa kuri hegitari n’igihe ikoreshwa''' {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |'''Imborera''' | rowspan="2" |'''Inyongeramusaruro  (N:P:K), kg/ha''' | colspan="3" |'''Inyongeramusaruro (kg/ha)''' |- | |'''NPK''' '''(17-17-17)''' |'''KCl''' '''(0-0-60)''' |'''Ure''' '''(46-0-0)''' |- | |20-25 |130:80:110 |470 |50 |130 |- |Ingengabihe |Mu gihe cy’itera |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | colspan="2" |Icyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera |Iminsi 30 nyuma yo gukoresha NPK 17-17-17 |} Kugira ngo igihingwa kitabweho uko bikwiye, inyongeramusaruro zishyirwamo ku rugero rwa kg 470.5 /ha za NPK (17-17-17), kg 130 /ha za  Ire na kg 50 za KCl.  Zose hamwe NPK 17-17-17na KCl zagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe ingemwe zitewe. Naho Ire yagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’iminsi 30 hashyizwemo inyongeramusaruro ku nshuro ya mbere.<ref name=":5">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/50741039</ref><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kubagara no gusasira ==== [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Hidalgo' 001.JPG|thumb|urusenda]] Kubagara urusenga bigomba gukorwa mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo umurima utazamo ibyatsi bibi bityo igihingwa ntigicuranwe n’ibyo byatsi bibi ibigitunga, urumuri n’amazi. Gusasira urusenga ni ngombwa mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri, gufasha  ubutaka kugira igipimo kidahinduka cy’ubushyuhe no kugumana ubuhehere mu butaka. Gusukira urusenda byagombye gukorwa nyuma y’ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo kugemura. Gusukira binafasha mu gukuramo ibyatsi bibi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Kuhira ==== Ni ngombwa cyane kuhira imizi y’urusenda. Kuhira ukarenza urugero cyangwa kuhiriza utuzi duke cyane byombi bishobora kwangiza urusenda. Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane ko kuvomerera bikorwa mu bihe byabugenewe. Kuvomerera kenshi n’amazi atari menshi bikenewe mu butaka bw’urusenyi. Naho kuvomerera n’amazi menshi mu bihe bitandukanyijwe n’intera nini bikenerwa mu butaka burimo ibumba.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda-rwicyatsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160105/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda-rwicyatsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Pepper 12.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Picture of Pepper.jpg|thumb|Ifoto igaragaza insenda]] Mu gihe hategurwa gahunda yo kuvomerera ni ngombwa kumenya uko imizi ingana bikagenderwaho.  Muri rusange ingano y’imizi igereranywa n’imikurire y’igihingwa kigaragara hejuru. Imizi yinjira mu butaka ku rugero rumwe igihingwa gikura kijya ejuru.<ref name=":6" /> [[Dosiye:Peppers Mid City Farmers Market.jpg|thumb|Gucuruza urusenda]] Hagendewe ku mpamvu zo kuvomerera, imikurire y’urusenda igabanyije mu byiciro bine: * '''Icyiciro cya 1: Gufata kw’ingemwe:''' Iki cyiciro gishobora kugeza ku byumweru bibiri. Ingemwe iyo zimaze gufata ni bwo igihingwa gitangira gukura bigaragara. Muri iki gihe, bavomerera bakoresheje amazi make. Nyuma yo gufata kugeza  mbere gato y’uko uruyange rwa mbere ruzaho, ni ngombwa ko amazi yo kuvomerera agabanywa buhoro buhoro. Ibi bituma imizi icengera cyane mu butaka ishakisha ubuhehere. Ibi bifasha igihingwa guhangana n’ibihe bibi mu gihe imbuto zitangiye kwirema bifashijwe n’ukwiyongera kw’imizi. * '''Icyiciro cya 2: Imikurire y’igihingwa, kuzana uruyange n’imbuto''': Ni ngombwa gukuba kabiri ingano y’amazi yakoreshwaga mu kuvomerera ugereranyije no mu cyiciro cya mbere * [[Dosiye:A Red Aji Dulce Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Red Aji Dulce Pepper]]'''Icyiciro cya 3: Kwirema kw’imbuto''': Gukura biba bigeze ku ndunduro. Kuvomerera kuri iki cyiciro  ni ngombwa cyane kuko ni cyo cyiciro cya nyuma mu buzima bwose igihingwa kizamara. * '''Icyiciro cya 4: Kwera no gusarura''': Igihingwa kiba kiremerewe n’imbuto. Kuvomerera bigomba kugabanuka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-isoko-ryurusenda-ruseye-mu-bushinwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-isoko-ryurusenda-ruseye-mu-bushinwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Red and green peppers.jpg|thumb|Red and green peppers]] === Indwara n'uburyo bwo kurwanya Udukoko === ==== Kirabiranya (''Ralstonia solanacearum'') ==== Ubu burwayi bushobora gufata ibihingwa bimwe na bimwe mu murima cyangwa bigafata agatsiko k’ibihingwa mu murima Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara ni ukuraba kw’igihingwa cyose kandi nta babi ryahindutse umuhondo. Udukoko dutera iyi ndwara dushobora kwihisha ahantu henshi kandi tubasha kuba mu butaka mu gihe kirekire cyane. Ubu burwayi butizwa umurindi n’ubukonje ndetse n’ ubushyuhe. Urusenda ariko ntiruhangarwa n’indwara cyane nk’intoryi, ibirayi, itabi cyangwa inyanya. Guhinduranya imyaka si cyo gisubizo kuko udukoko tuyitera dushobora kwibera mu butaka mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi kandi dufata amoko menshi y’ibihingwa n’ibyatsi byo mu muryango umwe n’urusenda. Ifoto: Ibimenyetso bya kirabiranya ku rusenda.<ref name=":7">https://rba.co.rw/post/Baravuga-imyato-ubuhinzi-bwurusenda-bubinjiriza-akayabo</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bushobora guhangana n’indwara niba buboneka * Kudahinga urusenda ahantu kirabiranya yayogoje * [[Dosiye:Capsicum baccatum flower 02.jpg|thumb|Capsicum baccatum flower]]Kurandura ingemwe zarabye mu murima kugira ngo hagabanuke kwanduzanya kw’igihingwa n’ikindi; * [[Dosiye:Green, yellow and red bell peppers.jpg|thumb|'''Green, yellow and red bell peppers''']]Kurwanya iminyorogoto ijya mu mizi kuko yanduza kandi igakwirakwiza indwara ya kirabiranya * Gufumbira ubutaka n’ifumbire y’imborera bishobora gukuraho ibisigisigi bya kirabiranya mu butaka * Guhinduranya imyaka mu murima bifite akamaro gake kuko iyi ndwara yihisha henshi, ariko na byo byaba byiza hahinzwe ibihingwa bw’ubundi bwoko butandukanye n’urusenda.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/waba-uzi-icyo-urusenda-rufasha-umubiri</ref><ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum).jpg|thumb|Pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum)]] === Fizariyoze (''Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici'') === Ibimenyetso by’indwara ya Fizariyoze y’urusenda birimo gucurama no guhinduka umuhondo ku mababi yo hasi, bigakurikirwa no kuraba kw’igihingwa cyose. Amababi y’urusenda rwafashwe aguma ku giti maze ibice by’igihingwa bigahindura ibara, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’igihimba n’imizi.<ref name=":8">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/abahinzi-b-urusenda-basabye-kwegerezwa-imbuto-yarwo-bahendwa-no-kugura-mu</ref> Imiyege itera iyi ndwara iba mu butaka ubuziraherezo kandi ikwirakwizwa n’amazi avomerera. Ikunda kugaragara igihe habaye impinduka y’igipimo cy’ubushyuhe n’ubuhehere bw’ubutaka. Iyi ndwara ikura cyane ku gipimo cya dogere 24 kugeza kuri 27.Ubutaka buhehereye butuma iyi ndwara yororoka cyane. Iyi ndwara ntiboneka mu butaka bwumagaye ariko ikabya cyane mu butaka budahitisha neza amazi.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka * Gushyira ishwagara mu butaka no kwizera neza ko amazi ahita neza mu butaka.<ref name=":8" /> === Indwara y’imvura (''Leveillula taurica'') === Ibibara bijya kuba umuhondo bifata igice cyo hejuru ku buso bw’amababi. Ubuso bw’amababi butwikirwa n’ibintu bias n’ifu y’umweru cyangwa ibara ry’ivu. Indwara ikomeza kwiyongera ihereye ku mababi makuru ijyana ku mababi akiri mato maze amababi yose agashiraho. Ihunguka ry’amababi rijyana ku igabanuka ry’ingano ndetse n’umubare w’imbuto. Bituma imbuto zisa n’izokejwe n’izuba. Iyi ndwara itizwa umurindi n’ubushyuhe, ubuhehere n’igihe cy’izuba. Mikorobi zitera iyi ndwara zishobora no gufata intoryi n’inyanya. Kuvomerera baturutse hejuru bigabanya ubukana bw’iyi ndwara.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ese-koko-urusenda-rutuma-umuntu-ashaka-gutera-akabariro.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ese-koko-urusenda-rutuma-umuntu-ashaka-gutera-akabariro.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * [[Dosiye:Yellow, Red, Green Sweet Peppers.jpg|thumb|Insenda]]Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka Gutera imiti ikoze muri Sirifire nka Copperoxychloride mu gihe ibimenyetso by’indwara bigitangira kugaragara * Kurandura no gutwika ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa nyuma y’isarura.<ref name=":9" /> === Indwara ziterwa na vurusi === Byaragaragaye ko hari indwara zigera kuri 17 ziterwa na virusi zifata urusenda. [[Dosiye:Ata todo (Pepper).jpg|thumb|Gucuruza insenda]] Inyinshi muri izi ndwara zikwirakwizwa n’udukoko cyangwa  umurama urwaye inshuro nkeya bigaterwa n’uburyo bahinga. Ibimenyetso rusange bikubiyemo ibibara byishushanyije ku mababi, guhinduka umuhondo, ibibara bikoze uruziga, guta isura kw’amababi akaba mabi, kwihinahina kw’amababi no kugwingira kw’ibihingwa. Ubu burwayi bushobora gutuma imbuto zinanuka, zisa nabi cyangwa zigira ibibara bishushanyijeho mu ishusho y’uruziga. Ifoto.Ibimenyetso by’indwara ziterwa na virusi ku rusenda [[Dosiye:Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper-2009.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] Uburyo bukoreshwa kenshi mu kugabanya indwara ziterwa na virusi harimo: * Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka * Guhitamo amatariki meza yo gutera kugira ngo hirindwe ikwirakwira ry’indwara * Kwegeranya ibihingwa kugira ngo ibyanduye nibivamo hagire ibisigara * Gukora uruzitiro rw’ibihingwa kugira ngo ikwirakwira ry’indwara rigabanuke * Gutera imiti y’amavuta mu kugabanya ikwirakiwizwa rya virusi ziterwa n’inda z’ibihingwa * Gukoresha isaso yirukana inda z’urusenda n’uduhunduguru. * Gukoresha umurama wizewe ko ari muzima.<ref name=":10">https://igisabo.rw/2021/05/10/green-treasure-ltd-yaje-ari-igisubizo-ku-musaruro-wurusenda-rwapfaga-ubusa/</ref> === '''Uduhunduguru twangiza urusenda'''''(Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips dorsalis'', ''Thrips tabaci'') === Muru rusange, uduhunduguru dutungwa n’igice cyo hejuru y’ubutaka cy’igihingwa, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’amababi akiri mato, indabo n’imbuto. Kenshi zihisha munsi. Amababi arononekara bitewe n’uko udukoko tuyatobora tukanyunyuza amatembabuzi. Iyo indwara igitangira amababi y’urusenda agira igice gisa n’ivu akagira utubara duto duto twijimye twanduza igice cyo hasi. Uko indwara ikura ni ko amababi yihinahinira mu ruhande rwo hejuru nyuma akuma. Ibi bituma imbuto z’ urusenda zangirika. Kwangirika gukomeye gutuma amababi, imimero n’imbuto bihinduka bigsa n’ibyababuwe n’izuba. [[Dosiye:RedGreenYellowPeppersDisplay.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] [[Dosiye:A Red Aji Dulce Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Red Aji Dulce Pepper]] [[Dosiye:-2019-11-12 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham.JPG|thumb|Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham]] Uduhunduguru dushobora gutuma ingemwe zikiri nto ziraba, amababi atinda gukura kandi akaba mabi bityo ibihingwa bikagwingira. Iyo uduhunduguru twangije imbuto zihindura isura zikazana ibirongo by’amabara bizitera ubusembwa butuma zitagurwa ku isoko cyane cyane iyo ari imbuto zigomba kugurishwa ku masoko yo hanze. Iyo uduhunduguru dufashe ingemwe zikiri nto zimaze igihe gito zitewe bituma zitinda gukura. Uduhunduguru dukwirakwiza indwara iterwa na virusi y’ibibara by’inyanya ku rusenda. Ubwoko bw’uduhunduguru twitwa ''S. dorsalis'' dukwirakwiza indwara yo kwihinahina kw’amababi y’urusenda<ref name=":11">https://bwiza.com/?Rubavu-Arashinja-umugabo-we-gushaka-kumusuka-urusenda-mu-gitsina-no-gushaka</ref><ref name=":12">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bahinga-urusenda-rugurishwa-mu-mahanga/</ref> ==== Kuturwanya: ==== * Udukoko tuzirana n’Uduhunduguru ni ngombwa ko dukoreshwa mu kuturwanya. Utw’ingenzi ni nk’ubwoko bw’utuvumvuri tw’umukara,  imiswa ihiga n’ibitagangurirwa * Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwita ku bihingwa ngo kuvomerera ku gihe no kubagara na byo bishobora kugabanya ubwandu ku rugero runaka. Igihe ubuhunduguru bwabaye bwinshi ni ngombwa gutera imiti yica udukoko nka  cypermethrin (ml 1/L 1 y’amazi) mu ntera ingana n’iminsi 15.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /> === Inda zangiza urusenda === [[Dosiye:-2019-07-31 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham (3).JPG|thumb|Cayenne pepper ]] Inda zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu gihingwa; muri rusange zikunda gufata igihingwa mu gihe cy’izuba no mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy’imikurire y’igihingwa. Ubwiza bw’umusaruro burangirika kubera ibibara by’umukara bifata imbuto z’urusenda. Inda zakora nka virusi. [[Dosiye:13-09-01-kochtreffen-wien-Bi-frie-009.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] [[Dosiye:Young chilli pepper plants - geograph.org.uk - 6512825.jpg|thumb|Chilli pepper plant]] ==== Kuzirwanya: ==== Inda zangiza urusenda bazirwanya batera umuti wica udukoko nka cypermethrin (ml 1/L 1 y’amazi) mu gihe cy’intera y’iminsi 15.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/u-rwanda-rwasinye-amasezerano-yo-kohereza-urusenda-rwumye-mu-bushinwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://panorama.rw/u-rwanda-rwasinye-amasezerano-yo-kohereza-urusenda-rwumye-mu-bushinwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Isazi zera (''Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum'') === [[Dosiye:Gemüsepaprika in drei Farben 2011.JPG|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] Isazi zera zangiza urusenda mu buryo butatu. Isazi zera zikiri ntoya n’izikuze zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu mababi. Zitungwa na yo hakiyongeraho kunyunyuza ibyagatunze igihingwa, kandi zigatera ibibara ku mababi yanduye. Izikiri ibyana  zisiga ku ababi umushongi umatira nk’isukari kenshi na kenshi bikwirakwira ku mababi mu gihe indwara ikabije. Uwo mushongi umatira utera ibindi by’umukara bisa nabi bigatuma amababi yoseahinduka umukara bigakumira kwinjira k’urumuri mu gihingwa. Isazi zera nazo zikurura  indwara ziterwa na virus.<ref name=":13" /> [[Dosiye:Green, yellow and red bell peppers in zooming up.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] === Kuyirwanya: === * Mu duce isazi zera zateye indwara zituruka kuri virusi ni ngombwa kurinda ingemwe z’urusenda zitwikirizwa akayunguruzo kabugenewe kugeza igihe cyo kugemurwa. Ni ngombwa kwizera neza ko ako kayunguruzo gafunze neza. * [[Dosiye:Chilli Plant (4240694581).jpg|thumb|Chilli pepper plant]]Kubungabunga udukoko tuzirana n’isazi zera: amavubi, imiswa ihiga, ibinyugunyugu ni abanzi bakomeye b’isazi zera. * Aho bibaye ngombwa, batera umuti wa Neem (Soma Nimu). Umuti wa Neem urinda ibyana by’isazi zera gukura, birinda isazi zera nkuru kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bw’isazi zera  bwo gutera andi magi.<ref name=":14">https://www.teradignews.rw/ange-kagame-mu-bambariye-umunyamidelikazi-wakoze-ubukwe-numusore-ucuruza-urusenda-amafoto/</ref> [[Dosiye:Chocolate habanero peppers.jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]] === Kubora kw’imitwe y’urusenda (Physiological disorder) === Igice cy’impera y’umutwe w’urusenda kireruruka kikenda kugira ibara ry’ikigina kandi kigasa n’igicukuye umwobo. Iyo urubuto rumaze gukura neza, ibyo bimenyetso birusahho kugaragara maze ibara ry’ahaboze rikijima rijya  kuba umukara.<ref name=":15">https://www.teradignews.rw/ange-kagame-mu-bambariye-umunyamidelikazi-wakoze-ubukwe-numusore-ucuruza-urusenda-amafoto/</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Gufumbira ubutaka bongeramo ishwagara, dolomite, gypsum cyangwa ifumbire ikomoka ku matungo mbere yo guhumbika. * Kuhira kenshi: urusenda rukomeza kurabya no kwera  mu gihe kirekire. Ni ngombwa rero ko ubutaka bwegereye imizi buhora bwuhirwa kugira ngo bukomeze guhehera. * [[Dosiye:Chocolate Habanero peppers (top view) - 13 Nov. 2016.jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]]Irinde inyongeramusaruro zikungahaye cyane kuri Azote. Azote ituma amababi akura cyane ariko imbuto ntizize. Ni ngombwa kongeramo kalisiyumu  ahubwo. [[Dosiye:Chilli pepper harvesting.jpg|thumb|Gusarura Urusenda]] Umusaruro wa toni 30 kugeza kuri 70 kuri hegitari ni wo ufatwa nk’umusaruro mwiza. Muri rusange, urusenda rusarurwa rumaze kwera neza ariko rugifite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi. Bitewe n’ibyifuzo by’umuguzi w’urusenda bashobora kurusarura rumaze guhinduka umuhondo cyangwa umutuku. Mu gihe cy’isarura, gutoranya no gupakira urusenda bigomba gukorwa mu bwitonzi kuko urusenda rwangirika ku buryo bworoshye bityo kururinda kwangirika bituma rutabora.Urusenda rusarurirwa mu makarito yabugenewe ariko ibirango bya ba nyirabyo cyangwa mu bitebo bikoze muri pulasitiki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/urusenda-nindabyo-za-kagame-mu-bibizo-kubera-coronavirus/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226163108/https://rugali.com/urusenda-nindabyo-za-kagame-mu-bibizo-kubera-coronavirus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/imvururu-zikomeye-hagati-ya-bobi-wine-abambari-be-na-polisi-yabamishemo-urusenda</ref> === Gufata neza umusaruro === === Gushyira urusenda mu byiciro === [[Dosiye:-2019-10-29 Pickled Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Cromer (3).JPG|thumb|'''Pickled Cayenne pepper''']] Gushyira urusenda mu byiciro hakurikijwe  ibi bikurikira: # Ibara ry’urusenda # [[Dosiye:13-08-31-wien-redaktionstreffen-EuT-by-Bi-frie-078.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']]Ingano yarwo # Icyiciro rugezeho rwera * Gupakira urusenda rutandukanye hakurikijwe ibyiciro rurimo mbere yo kurugeza ku isoko; [[Dosiye:Chilli Pepper - Garden Longhorn (41719171030).jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:-2020-09-11 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham (2).JPG|thumb|pepper]] Urusenda rupfa ubusa bitewe n’umuhinzi rugera kuri 5-8%.Iyo rutashyizwe mu byiciro neza bikiri ku ruhande rw’umuhinzi urundi rungana na  4-5% rushobora kononekara.<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5015968.html</ref> === Gupakira === [[Dosiye:Pepper Orchard at Imo State University (IMSU) farm, Owerri, Imo State.jpg|thumb|Gusarura urusenda]] Urusenda rushobora gupakirwa mu bikoresho bitandukanye: nk’impapuro zikoze muri pulasitiki, ibikapu bikoze muri pulasitiki cyangwa mu bikarito bikoze mu mpapuro.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160109/https://genesisbizz.com/Nubwo-ruryana-urusenda-n-abantu-ni-urukundo-rumaze-imyaka-ibihumbi-kandi</ref> === Kubika urusenda === * Urusenda rushobora kubikwa ahantu hafutse, hijimye, humutse mu gihe cy’umwaka wose. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe cy’aho urusenda rubitse kigira ingaruka mu ku ibara ry’urusenda kurusha uko rwahinduka bitewe n’urumuri, umwuka, ubwoko bw’igikoresho rubitsemo cyangwa kuba rubitse rukiri rwose cyangwa rukasemo uduce.<ref name=":12" /> [[Dosiye:Bell peppers, Mercado de Arroios, Lisbon, Portugal julesvernex2-2.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] === Gutwara urusenda === Muri rusange abahinzi bageza urusenda ku isoko rya hafi barutwaye  mu ngorofani zikururwa n’ibimasa cyangwa imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi. * Kuva ku masoko rujyanwa hirya hino hakoreshwa imidoka zisanzwe cyangwa izagenewe gutwara imitwaro. Iyo urusenda rupakiwe neza mu bikoresho byabugenewe, rukitabwaho neza igihe rupakirwa cyangwa rupakururwa mu modoka, kandi bigakorwa vuba  bituma hatononekara rwinshi<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15" /> '''Gutunganya urusenda''' [[Dosiye:Farmer's Market Peppers.jpg|thumb|Farmer's Market Peppers]] Urusenda rushobora kuribwa rukiri rubisi cyangwa rwumye kandi rushobora gukorwamo ibiribwa bitandukanye nk’amasosi, ifu y’urusenda, shokola,<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":7" /> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] k6bolagu711j89mlcngjqecrjcz9rnb 137119 137054 2026-09-14T13:18:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137119 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tabasco peppers.JPG|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Pepper 03.jpg|thumb|insenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Piri-piri' (6674322781).jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Baby Bell pepper Capsicum annuum 3.jpg|thumb|urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Baby Bell pepper ''Capsicum annuum'' .jpg|thumb|Baby Bell pepper ']] [[Dosiye:Capsicum - Mercado Municipal Funchal 02.jpg|thumb|Insenda]] [[Dosiye:Red Bell pepper.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Peppers in water.jpg|thumb|Peppers in water]] [[Dosiye:Pepper No. 30.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum fruits IMGP0049.jpg|thumb|Capsicum annuum fruits]] [[Dosiye:Chili pepper plant.jpg|thumb|'''Chili pepper plant''']] [[Dosiye:Aji Dulce Pepper Changing Color.jpg|thumb|Aji Dulce Pepper Changing Color]] [[Dosiye:Red pepper falls into glass of water.jpg|thumb|Red pepper falls into glass of water]] [[Dosiye:Pepper (Ata rodo).jpg|thumb|Insenda]] [[Dosiye:Chocolate Habanero peppers - 13 Nov. 2016 - (2).jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum-Chilli-on-plant.JPG|thumb|Chilli pepper plant ]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Solanaceae Capsicum frutescens 1.jpg|thumb|284x284px|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum-Red Chilli Pepper 04.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] Urusenda ni kimwe mu mboga z’ingenzi zihingwa mu Rwanda. Urusenda rwera neza ahantu hashyuha kandi rufata igihe kirekire mu mikurire yarwo. Urusenda rukunda ikirere gishyuha cyane kurusha inyanya kandi rukazirana n’urubura. Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya doger 5 na 15 butuma urusenda rudakura neza. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 24 ni cyo cyiza ku moko menshi y’urusenda rw’ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi.  Nyamara n’ubwo igihingwa cy’urusenga gisaba ubushyuhe, iyo buri hejuru cyane na byo birugiraho ingaruka mbi. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 32 by’umwihariko igihe ubushyuhe burimo imiyaga butuma indabo zihina zigahunguka n’imbuto zikaba nkeya. Iyo igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kirenze dogere 35 cyane cyane iyo bihuriranye n’umuyaga wo mu zuba imbuto z’urusenda zihindura isura kandi zikababurwa n’izuba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/chilli</ref> Kimwe n’andi moko menshi y’ibihingwa, urusenga rushobora guhingwa mu butaka butandukanye ariko cyane cyane rukera neza mu butaka buvanze bw’urusenyi n’inombe. Urusenda rusaba ubutaka bufite ubusharire buri hagati ya  5.5 na  7.0. Ubutaka buhingwamo urusenda bugomba kuba bufite imiyoboro y’amazi meza kandi bubasha kuyabika. Bugomba kandi kuba buhitisha neza amazi kandi bwifitemo n’ubushobozi bwo kugumana amazi akenewe. Ubwo butaka bugomba kuba burimo ifumbire ihagije kandi ari isi ndende, bufite ubujyakuzimu buri hejuru  ya cm 40.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens, Burdwan, West Bengal, India 03 05 2013.jpg|thumb|urusenda]] === Amoko y’urusenda === Urusenda rukaze rwiganje henshi ku isi mu bucuruzi bw’indyoshyandyo naho urusenda rudakaze ruzwi nka Puwavuro rwakwiriye hose nk’igihingwa cyo mu bwoko bw’imboga kandi cyinjiza amafaranga ku bahinzi baciriritse mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere n’u Rwanda rurimo.Amoko 5 y’urusenda yo mu bwoko bw’urusenda rukaze ni aya akurikira'''''Kamurari-''''' ''C. frutescens chinense- '''Pilipili ,'''baccatum- Urusenda rurerure pubescens'' ''annuum''(rumwe rurakara urundi ntirukara) ''ni yo moko ahingwa cyane'' muri rusange.<ref name=":2">https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/menya-akamaro-k-urusenda-mu-mubiri-harimo-no-kuba-rugabanya-umubyibuho-ukabije</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Gutegura Ubutaka === [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens Capsicum annuum Pj DSC 1076.jpg|thumb|kwiniza urusenda]] ==== Kwinaza ingemwe ==== * '''Guhitamo umurima no kuwutegura''' * Umurima mwiza wo guhumbikamo urusenga ni uwitegeye izuba kandi ukaba utarahinzwemo ibihingwa byo mu bwoko bumwe n’urusenda mu bihembwe by’ihingwa 3-4 byahise. Ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba bugerwaho n’kayaga, buhitisha amazi amazi kandi bufite ubusharire bui mu rugero. Bugomba guhingwa mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 20-30 bagakuramo amabuye, ibyatsi bibi n’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa. * Ubuhumbikiro kand bugomba kuba butarangwamo n’uburwayi n’ibyonnyi. Bugomba kuba bwarashyizwemo ifumbire nziza y’imborera (kg 5/m2) ndetse n’ifumbire mvaruganda nka NPK 17-17-17 (g 20 /m2). * [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens-- Tabasco Pepper (25960478663).jpg|thumb|urusenda]]Hakorwa ubuhumbikiro bwigiye hejuru kuri m 1-1,2 m z’ubugari na cm 20 z’ubujyakuzimu. * '''Guhumbika no kwita ku buhumbikiro''' * Igipimo cy’umurama ukenewe ni kg 0.5-1 kuri hegitari imwe (1ha) cyangwa  (g 5-10 kuri are imwe (m 10x m10). Ni byiza kandi ko hakoreshwa umurama utarasaza kandi uturutse ahantu hizewe nko mu bigo bitunganya cyangwa bicuruza imirama. * [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens (1224874402).jpg|thumb|uko urusenda rushibuka]]Ku munsi wo guhumbika, ubutaka buhumbikwamo buraringanizwa maze bagahumbika ku mirongo baciye bakoresheje agate ku bujyakuzibu bwa cm 0.5. Umurama uterwa mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 10-15 x cm 2, bamara gutera umurama bakawutwikiriza agataka gake. Nyuma y’ibyo, ubuhumbikiro babutwikiriza isaso y’ibyatsi byumye ubundi bakajya bavomerera ku buryo buhoraho. * Iyo imbuto zitangiye kumera (nka nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe), isaso ikurwaho, imimero ikarindwa izuba. * Iyo ingemwe zameze ari nyinshi mu buhumbikiro, ni byiza ko zicirwa kugira ngo urumuri rushobore kwinjiramo. * Iyo bibaye ngombwa, bashobora gukoresha imiti yica udukoko nka Mancozeb (g 2.5/Litiro y’amazi) na Lambda-Cyhalothrin (ml 1/L y’amazi). * Kugira ngo ingemwe zikomere neza, ni ngombwa kugabanya inshuro zo kuvomerera bityo ingemwe zikamenyera guhangana n’izuba buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy’icyumweru 1 cyangwa 2 mbere yo kugemura. '''Icyitonderwa''': Umurama ushobora kubibwa mu bihoho byabugenewe bya cm 7.5 z’umurambararo bikoze mu makoma y’insina cyangwa pulasitikie.Ibyo bihoho buzuzamo itaka rivanze n’ifumbire y’imborera nziza ku rugero rwa 2:1. Imbuto ebyiri ebyiri ziterwa muri buri gihohoi mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 0.5-1c. Iyo ingemwe zimaze kuzana amababi 2-3, urugemwe rumwe rwiza ni rwo rusigara mu gihoho urundi bakarurandura. Ni byiza na none guhumbika mu bikoresho byabugenewe (trays).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ibyiza-ningaruka-mbi-kurya-urusenda-bigira-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://yegob.rw/ibyiza-ningaruka-mbi-kurya-urusenda-bigira-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens (5287183987).jpg|thumb|umurima w'urusenda]] === Guhitamo umurima wo guteramo no kuwutegura === Umurima mwiza wo guteramo urusenda ni umurima utarahinzwemo inyanya, intoryi, ibirayi, ibinyomoro n’itabi cyangwa ibindi bihingwa bwo mu bwoko bumwe mu bihembwe by’ihinga  3-4 byashize.Ubutaka buhingwa bageza isuka hasi, bagakuramo ibikuri n’ibindi bisigazwa by’ibihingwa ubundi ubutaka bukaringanizwa neza. Ni byiza gutera ingemwe z’urusenda  mu mitabo ifite m1-1,20 z’ubugari n’uburebure bugereranyije no gusigaza inzira yo kunyuramo ya cm 40 z’ubugari.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://www.agakiza.rw/Sobanukirwa-Imabaraga-z-urusenda.html</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Gutera imbuto === Ubusanzwe ingemwe z’urusenga zigemurwa nyuma y’iminsi 50-60 zihumbitswe. Ingemwe zifite ubuzima bwiza, zifite uruti rubyibushye n’amababi 4-5 mazima ni zo nziza zo kugemurwa.  Igihe cyiza cyo kugemura ingemwe ni amasaha yo mu gitondo cya kare cyangwa bugorobye kugira ngo ingemwe zikiri nto zitangirika kubera imirasire y’izuba. Mbere yo guterwa, ingemwe bazivomereza amazi ahagije kugira ngo imizi itangirika mu gihe cyo kuzigemeka. Ingemwe ziranduranwa n’akabumbe b’ubutaka gakikije imizi.<ref name=":3">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63761/urusenda-rufite-akamaro-gakomeye-mu-buzima-bwa-buri-munsi-bwa-muntu---63761.html</ref><ref name=":1" /> Mu kugemeka ni ngombwa ko hacukurwa imyobo yo guteramo ya cm 15 z’ubujyakuzimu. Hakurikiraho gushyira mu myobo ifumbire y’imborera yaboze yuzuye ikiganza neza igashyirwa muri buri mwobo ikavangwa neza n’ubutaka. Ifumbire ikenerwa ingana na kg 200-250/are ni ukuvuga Toni 20-25/ha. Intera isigara hagati y’ingemwe igombye kuba cm 45 na cm 60 hagati y’imirongo.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:20171014 - Capsicum frutescens L. 'Piri Piri'.jpg|thumb|kwita k'urusenda]] === Kwita ku gihingwa === ==== Ifumbire n’inyongeramusaruro ==== Mu buhinzi bw’urusenda rukaze, kumenya inyongeramusaruro ya nyayo ni cyo kintu kimwe cy’ingenzi gituma umusaruro uba mwiza. Uburyo bwiza bwakoreshwa mu kwita ku gihingwa buterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye nyamara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba nziza kurusha izindi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-bahinga-urusenda.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-bahinga-urusenda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Ingengabihe: ingano y’inyongeramusaruro ikenerwa kuri hegitari n’igihe ikoreshwa''' {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |'''Imborera''' | rowspan="2" |'''Inyongeramusaruro  (N:P:K), kg/ha''' | colspan="3" |'''Inyongeramusaruro (kg/ha)''' |- | |'''NPK''' '''(17-17-17)''' |'''KCl''' '''(0-0-60)''' |'''Ure''' '''(46-0-0)''' |- | |20-25 |130:80:110 |470 |50 |130 |- |Ingengabihe |Mu gihe cy’itera |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | colspan="2" |Icyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera |Iminsi 30 nyuma yo gukoresha NPK 17-17-17 |} Kugira ngo igihingwa kitabweho uko bikwiye, inyongeramusaruro zishyirwamo ku rugero rwa kg 470.5 /ha za NPK (17-17-17), kg 130 /ha za  Ire na kg 50 za KCl.  Zose hamwe NPK 17-17-17na KCl zagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe ingemwe zitewe. Naho Ire yagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’iminsi 30 hashyizwemo inyongeramusaruro ku nshuro ya mbere.<ref name=":5">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/50741039</ref><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kubagara no gusasira ==== [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Hidalgo' 001.JPG|thumb|urusenda]] Kubagara urusenga bigomba gukorwa mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo umurima utazamo ibyatsi bibi bityo igihingwa ntigicuranwe n’ibyo byatsi bibi ibigitunga, urumuri n’amazi. Gusasira urusenga ni ngombwa mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri, gufasha  ubutaka kugira igipimo kidahinduka cy’ubushyuhe no kugumana ubuhehere mu butaka. Gusukira urusenda byagombye gukorwa nyuma y’ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo kugemura. Gusukira binafasha mu gukuramo ibyatsi bibi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Kuhira ==== Ni ngombwa cyane kuhira imizi y’urusenda. Kuhira ukarenza urugero cyangwa kuhiriza utuzi duke cyane byombi bishobora kwangiza urusenda. Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane ko kuvomerera bikorwa mu bihe byabugenewe. Kuvomerera kenshi n’amazi atari menshi bikenewe mu butaka bw’urusenyi. Naho kuvomerera n’amazi menshi mu bihe bitandukanyijwe n’intera nini bikenerwa mu butaka burimo ibumba.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda-rwicyatsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160105/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda-rwicyatsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Pepper 12.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Picture of Pepper.jpg|thumb|Ifoto igaragaza insenda]] Mu gihe hategurwa gahunda yo kuvomerera ni ngombwa kumenya uko imizi ingana bikagenderwaho.  Muri rusange ingano y’imizi igereranywa n’imikurire y’igihingwa kigaragara hejuru. Imizi yinjira mu butaka ku rugero rumwe igihingwa gikura kijya ejuru.<ref name=":6" /> [[Dosiye:Peppers Mid City Farmers Market.jpg|thumb|Gucuruza urusenda]] Hagendewe ku mpamvu zo kuvomerera, imikurire y’urusenda igabanyije mu byiciro bine: * '''Icyiciro cya 1: Gufata kw’ingemwe:''' Iki cyiciro gishobora kugeza ku byumweru bibiri. Ingemwe iyo zimaze gufata ni bwo igihingwa gitangira gukura bigaragara. Muri iki gihe, bavomerera bakoresheje amazi make. Nyuma yo gufata kugeza  mbere gato y’uko uruyange rwa mbere ruzaho, ni ngombwa ko amazi yo kuvomerera agabanywa buhoro buhoro. Ibi bituma imizi icengera cyane mu butaka ishakisha ubuhehere. Ibi bifasha igihingwa guhangana n’ibihe bibi mu gihe imbuto zitangiye kwirema bifashijwe n’ukwiyongera kw’imizi. * '''Icyiciro cya 2: Imikurire y’igihingwa, kuzana uruyange n’imbuto''': Ni ngombwa gukuba kabiri ingano y’amazi yakoreshwaga mu kuvomerera ugereranyije no mu cyiciro cya mbere * [[Dosiye:A Red Aji Dulce Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Red Aji Dulce Pepper]]'''Icyiciro cya 3: Kwirema kw’imbuto''': Gukura biba bigeze ku ndunduro. Kuvomerera kuri iki cyiciro  ni ngombwa cyane kuko ni cyo cyiciro cya nyuma mu buzima bwose igihingwa kizamara. * '''Icyiciro cya 4: Kwera no gusarura''': Igihingwa kiba kiremerewe n’imbuto. Kuvomerera bigomba kugabanuka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-isoko-ryurusenda-ruseye-mu-bushinwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-isoko-ryurusenda-ruseye-mu-bushinwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Red and green peppers.jpg|thumb|Red and green peppers]] === Indwara n'uburyo bwo kurwanya Udukoko === ==== Kirabiranya (''Ralstonia solanacearum'') ==== Ubu burwayi bushobora gufata ibihingwa bimwe na bimwe mu murima cyangwa bigafata agatsiko k’ibihingwa mu murima Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara ni ukuraba kw’igihingwa cyose kandi nta babi ryahindutse umuhondo. Udukoko dutera iyi ndwara dushobora kwihisha ahantu henshi kandi tubasha kuba mu butaka mu gihe kirekire cyane. Ubu burwayi butizwa umurindi n’ubukonje ndetse n’ ubushyuhe. Urusenda ariko ntiruhangarwa n’indwara cyane nk’intoryi, ibirayi, itabi cyangwa inyanya. Guhinduranya imyaka si cyo gisubizo kuko udukoko tuyitera dushobora kwibera mu butaka mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi kandi dufata amoko menshi y’ibihingwa n’ibyatsi byo mu muryango umwe n’urusenda. Ifoto: Ibimenyetso bya kirabiranya ku rusenda.<ref name=":7">https://rba.co.rw/post/Baravuga-imyato-ubuhinzi-bwurusenda-bubinjiriza-akayabo</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bushobora guhangana n’indwara niba buboneka * Kudahinga urusenda ahantu kirabiranya yayogoje * [[Dosiye:Capsicum baccatum flower 02.jpg|thumb|Capsicum baccatum flower]]Kurandura ingemwe zarabye mu murima kugira ngo hagabanuke kwanduzanya kw’igihingwa n’ikindi; * [[Dosiye:Green, yellow and red bell peppers.jpg|thumb|'''Green, yellow and red bell peppers''']]Kurwanya iminyorogoto ijya mu mizi kuko yanduza kandi igakwirakwiza indwara ya kirabiranya * Gufumbira ubutaka n’ifumbire y’imborera bishobora gukuraho ibisigisigi bya kirabiranya mu butaka * Guhinduranya imyaka mu murima bifite akamaro gake kuko iyi ndwara yihisha henshi, ariko na byo byaba byiza hahinzwe ibihingwa bw’ubundi bwoko butandukanye n’urusenda.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/waba-uzi-icyo-urusenda-rufasha-umubiri</ref><ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum).jpg|thumb|Pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum)]] === Fizariyoze (''Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici'') === Ibimenyetso by’indwara ya Fizariyoze y’urusenda birimo gucurama no guhinduka umuhondo ku mababi yo hasi, bigakurikirwa no kuraba kw’igihingwa cyose. Amababi y’urusenda rwafashwe aguma ku giti maze ibice by’igihingwa bigahindura ibara, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’igihimba n’imizi.<ref name=":8">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/abahinzi-b-urusenda-basabye-kwegerezwa-imbuto-yarwo-bahendwa-no-kugura-mu</ref> Imiyege itera iyi ndwara iba mu butaka ubuziraherezo kandi ikwirakwizwa n’amazi avomerera. Ikunda kugaragara igihe habaye impinduka y’igipimo cy’ubushyuhe n’ubuhehere bw’ubutaka. Iyi ndwara ikura cyane ku gipimo cya dogere 24 kugeza kuri 27.Ubutaka buhehereye butuma iyi ndwara yororoka cyane. Iyi ndwara ntiboneka mu butaka bwumagaye ariko ikabya cyane mu butaka budahitisha neza amazi.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka * Gushyira ishwagara mu butaka no kwizera neza ko amazi ahita neza mu butaka.<ref name=":8" /> === Indwara y’imvura (''Leveillula taurica'') === Ibibara bijya kuba umuhondo bifata igice cyo hejuru ku buso bw’amababi. Ubuso bw’amababi butwikirwa n’ibintu bias n’ifu y’umweru cyangwa ibara ry’ivu. Indwara ikomeza kwiyongera ihereye ku mababi makuru ijyana ku mababi akiri mato maze amababi yose agashiraho. Ihunguka ry’amababi rijyana ku igabanuka ry’ingano ndetse n’umubare w’imbuto. Bituma imbuto zisa n’izokejwe n’izuba. Iyi ndwara itizwa umurindi n’ubushyuhe, ubuhehere n’igihe cy’izuba. Mikorobi zitera iyi ndwara zishobora no gufata intoryi n’inyanya. Kuvomerera baturutse hejuru bigabanya ubukana bw’iyi ndwara.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ese-koko-urusenda-rutuma-umuntu-ashaka-gutera-akabariro.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ese-koko-urusenda-rutuma-umuntu-ashaka-gutera-akabariro.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * [[Dosiye:Yellow, Red, Green Sweet Peppers.jpg|thumb|Insenda]]Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka Gutera imiti ikoze muri Sirifire nka Copperoxychloride mu gihe ibimenyetso by’indwara bigitangira kugaragara * Kurandura no gutwika ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa nyuma y’isarura.<ref name=":9" /> === Indwara ziterwa na vurusi === Byaragaragaye ko hari indwara zigera kuri 17 ziterwa na virusi zifata urusenda. [[Dosiye:Ata todo (Pepper).jpg|thumb|Gucuruza insenda]] Inyinshi muri izi ndwara zikwirakwizwa n’udukoko cyangwa  umurama urwaye inshuro nkeya bigaterwa n’uburyo bahinga. Ibimenyetso rusange bikubiyemo ibibara byishushanyije ku mababi, guhinduka umuhondo, ibibara bikoze uruziga, guta isura kw’amababi akaba mabi, kwihinahina kw’amababi no kugwingira kw’ibihingwa. Ubu burwayi bushobora gutuma imbuto zinanuka, zisa nabi cyangwa zigira ibibara bishushanyijeho mu ishusho y’uruziga. Ifoto.Ibimenyetso by’indwara ziterwa na virusi ku rusenda [[Dosiye:Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper-2009.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] Uburyo bukoreshwa kenshi mu kugabanya indwara ziterwa na virusi harimo: * Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka * Guhitamo amatariki meza yo gutera kugira ngo hirindwe ikwirakwira ry’indwara * Kwegeranya ibihingwa kugira ngo ibyanduye nibivamo hagire ibisigara * Gukora uruzitiro rw’ibihingwa kugira ngo ikwirakwira ry’indwara rigabanuke * Gutera imiti y’amavuta mu kugabanya ikwirakiwizwa rya virusi ziterwa n’inda z’ibihingwa * Gukoresha isaso yirukana inda z’urusenda n’uduhunduguru. * Gukoresha umurama wizewe ko ari muzima.<ref name=":10">https://igisabo.rw/2021/05/10/green-treasure-ltd-yaje-ari-igisubizo-ku-musaruro-wurusenda-rwapfaga-ubusa/</ref> === '''Uduhunduguru twangiza urusenda'''''(Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips dorsalis'', ''Thrips tabaci'') === Muru rusange, uduhunduguru dutungwa n’igice cyo hejuru y’ubutaka cy’igihingwa, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’amababi akiri mato, indabo n’imbuto. Kenshi zihisha munsi. Amababi arononekara bitewe n’uko udukoko tuyatobora tukanyunyuza amatembabuzi. Iyo indwara igitangira amababi y’urusenda agira igice gisa n’ivu akagira utubara duto duto twijimye twanduza igice cyo hasi. Uko indwara ikura ni ko amababi yihinahinira mu ruhande rwo hejuru nyuma akuma. Ibi bituma imbuto z’ urusenda zangirika. Kwangirika gukomeye gutuma amababi, imimero n’imbuto bihinduka bigsa n’ibyababuwe n’izuba. [[Dosiye:RedGreenYellowPeppersDisplay.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] [[Dosiye:A Red Aji Dulce Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Red Aji Dulce Pepper]] [[Dosiye:-2019-11-12 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham.JPG|thumb|Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham]] Uduhunduguru dushobora gutuma ingemwe zikiri nto ziraba, amababi atinda gukura kandi akaba mabi bityo ibihingwa bikagwingira. Iyo uduhunduguru twangije imbuto zihindura isura zikazana ibirongo by’amabara bizitera ubusembwa butuma zitagurwa ku isoko cyane cyane iyo ari imbuto zigomba kugurishwa ku masoko yo hanze. Iyo uduhunduguru dufashe ingemwe zikiri nto zimaze igihe gito zitewe bituma zitinda gukura. Uduhunduguru dukwirakwiza indwara iterwa na virusi y’ibibara by’inyanya ku rusenda. Ubwoko bw’uduhunduguru twitwa ''S. dorsalis'' dukwirakwiza indwara yo kwihinahina kw’amababi y’urusenda<ref name=":11">https://bwiza.com/?Rubavu-Arashinja-umugabo-we-gushaka-kumusuka-urusenda-mu-gitsina-no-gushaka</ref><ref name=":12">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bahinga-urusenda-rugurishwa-mu-mahanga/</ref> ==== Kuturwanya: ==== * Udukoko tuzirana n’Uduhunduguru ni ngombwa ko dukoreshwa mu kuturwanya. Utw’ingenzi ni nk’ubwoko bw’utuvumvuri tw’umukara,  imiswa ihiga n’ibitagangurirwa * Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwita ku bihingwa ngo kuvomerera ku gihe no kubagara na byo bishobora kugabanya ubwandu ku rugero runaka. Igihe ubuhunduguru bwabaye bwinshi ni ngombwa gutera imiti yica udukoko nka  cypermethrin (ml 1/L 1 y’amazi) mu ntera ingana n’iminsi 15.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /> === Inda zangiza urusenda === [[Dosiye:-2019-07-31 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham (3).JPG|thumb|Cayenne pepper ]] Inda zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu gihingwa; muri rusange zikunda gufata igihingwa mu gihe cy’izuba no mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy’imikurire y’igihingwa. Ubwiza bw’umusaruro burangirika kubera ibibara by’umukara bifata imbuto z’urusenda. Inda zakora nka virusi. [[Dosiye:13-09-01-kochtreffen-wien-Bi-frie-009.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] [[Dosiye:Young chilli pepper plants - geograph.org.uk - 6512825.jpg|thumb|Chilli pepper plant]] ==== Kuzirwanya: ==== Inda zangiza urusenda bazirwanya batera umuti wica udukoko nka cypermethrin (ml 1/L 1 y’amazi) mu gihe cy’intera y’iminsi 15.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/u-rwanda-rwasinye-amasezerano-yo-kohereza-urusenda-rwumye-mu-bushinwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://panorama.rw/u-rwanda-rwasinye-amasezerano-yo-kohereza-urusenda-rwumye-mu-bushinwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Isazi zera (''Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum'') === [[Dosiye:Gemüsepaprika in drei Farben 2011.JPG|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] Isazi zera zangiza urusenda mu buryo butatu. Isazi zera zikiri ntoya n’izikuze zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu mababi. Zitungwa na yo hakiyongeraho kunyunyuza ibyagatunze igihingwa, kandi zigatera ibibara ku mababi yanduye. Izikiri ibyana  zisiga ku ababi umushongi umatira nk’isukari kenshi na kenshi bikwirakwira ku mababi mu gihe indwara ikabije. Uwo mushongi umatira utera ibindi by’umukara bisa nabi bigatuma amababi yoseahinduka umukara bigakumira kwinjira k’urumuri mu gihingwa. Isazi zera nazo zikurura  indwara ziterwa na virus.<ref name=":13" /> [[Dosiye:Green, yellow and red bell peppers in zooming up.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] === Kuyirwanya: === * Mu duce isazi zera zateye indwara zituruka kuri virusi ni ngombwa kurinda ingemwe z’urusenda zitwikirizwa akayunguruzo kabugenewe kugeza igihe cyo kugemurwa. Ni ngombwa kwizera neza ko ako kayunguruzo gafunze neza. * [[Dosiye:Chilli Plant (4240694581).jpg|thumb|Chilli pepper plant]]Kubungabunga udukoko tuzirana n’isazi zera: amavubi, imiswa ihiga, ibinyugunyugu ni abanzi bakomeye b’isazi zera. * Aho bibaye ngombwa, batera umuti wa Neem (Soma Nimu). Umuti wa Neem urinda ibyana by’isazi zera gukura, birinda isazi zera nkuru kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bw’isazi zera  bwo gutera andi magi.<ref name=":14">https://www.teradignews.rw/ange-kagame-mu-bambariye-umunyamidelikazi-wakoze-ubukwe-numusore-ucuruza-urusenda-amafoto/</ref> [[Dosiye:Chocolate habanero peppers.jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]] === Kubora kw’imitwe y’urusenda (Physiological disorder) === Igice cy’impera y’umutwe w’urusenda kireruruka kikenda kugira ibara ry’ikigina kandi kigasa n’igicukuye umwobo. Iyo urubuto rumaze gukura neza, ibyo bimenyetso birusahho kugaragara maze ibara ry’ahaboze rikijima rijya  kuba umukara.<ref name=":15">https://www.teradignews.rw/ange-kagame-mu-bambariye-umunyamidelikazi-wakoze-ubukwe-numusore-ucuruza-urusenda-amafoto/</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Gufumbira ubutaka bongeramo ishwagara, dolomite, gypsum cyangwa ifumbire ikomoka ku matungo mbere yo guhumbika. * Kuhira kenshi: urusenda rukomeza kurabya no kwera  mu gihe kirekire. Ni ngombwa rero ko ubutaka bwegereye imizi buhora bwuhirwa kugira ngo bukomeze guhehera. * [[Dosiye:Chocolate Habanero peppers (top view) - 13 Nov. 2016.jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]]Irinde inyongeramusaruro zikungahaye cyane kuri Azote. Azote ituma amababi akura cyane ariko imbuto ntizize. Ni ngombwa kongeramo kalisiyumu  ahubwo. [[Dosiye:Chilli pepper harvesting.jpg|thumb|Gusarura Urusenda]] Umusaruro wa toni 30 kugeza kuri 70 kuri hegitari ni wo ufatwa nk’umusaruro mwiza. Muri rusange, urusenda rusarurwa rumaze kwera neza ariko rugifite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi. Bitewe n’ibyifuzo by’umuguzi w’urusenda bashobora kurusarura rumaze guhinduka umuhondo cyangwa umutuku. Mu gihe cy’isarura, gutoranya no gupakira urusenda bigomba gukorwa mu bwitonzi kuko urusenda rwangirika ku buryo bworoshye bityo kururinda kwangirika bituma rutabora.Urusenda rusarurirwa mu makarito yabugenewe ariko ibirango bya ba nyirabyo cyangwa mu bitebo bikoze muri pulasitiki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/urusenda-nindabyo-za-kagame-mu-bibizo-kubera-coronavirus/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226163108/https://rugali.com/urusenda-nindabyo-za-kagame-mu-bibizo-kubera-coronavirus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/imvururu-zikomeye-hagati-ya-bobi-wine-abambari-be-na-polisi-yabamishemo-urusenda</ref> === Gufata neza umusaruro === === Gushyira urusenda mu byiciro === [[Dosiye:-2019-10-29 Pickled Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Cromer (3).JPG|thumb|'''Pickled Cayenne pepper''']] Gushyira urusenda mu byiciro hakurikijwe  ibi bikurikira: # Ibara ry’urusenda # [[Dosiye:13-08-31-wien-redaktionstreffen-EuT-by-Bi-frie-078.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']]Ingano yarwo # Icyiciro rugezeho rwera * Gupakira urusenda rutandukanye hakurikijwe ibyiciro rurimo mbere yo kurugeza ku isoko; [[Dosiye:Chilli Pepper - Garden Longhorn (41719171030).jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:-2020-09-11 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham (2).JPG|thumb|pepper]] Urusenda rupfa ubusa bitewe n’umuhinzi rugera kuri 5-8%.Iyo rutashyizwe mu byiciro neza bikiri ku ruhande rw’umuhinzi urundi rungana na  4-5% rushobora kononekara.<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5015968.html</ref> === Gupakira === [[Dosiye:Pepper Orchard at Imo State University (IMSU) farm, Owerri, Imo State.jpg|thumb|Gusarura urusenda]] Urusenda rushobora gupakirwa mu bikoresho bitandukanye: nk’impapuro zikoze muri pulasitiki, ibikapu bikoze muri pulasitiki cyangwa mu bikarito bikoze mu mpapuro.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160109/https://genesisbizz.com/Nubwo-ruryana-urusenda-n-abantu-ni-urukundo-rumaze-imyaka-ibihumbi-kandi</ref> === Kubika urusenda === * Urusenda rushobora kubikwa ahantu hafutse, hijimye, humutse mu gihe cy’umwaka wose. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe cy’aho urusenda rubitse kigira ingaruka mu ku ibara ry’urusenda kurusha uko rwahinduka bitewe n’urumuri, umwuka, ubwoko bw’igikoresho rubitsemo cyangwa kuba rubitse rukiri rwose cyangwa rukasemo uduce.<ref name=":12" /> [[Dosiye:Bell peppers, Mercado de Arroios, Lisbon, Portugal julesvernex2-2.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] === Gutwara urusenda === Muri rusange abahinzi bageza urusenda ku isoko rya hafi barutwaye  mu ngorofani zikururwa n’ibimasa cyangwa imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi. * Kuva ku masoko rujyanwa hirya hino hakoreshwa imidoka zisanzwe cyangwa izagenewe gutwara imitwaro. Iyo urusenda rupakiwe neza mu bikoresho byabugenewe, rukitabwaho neza igihe rupakirwa cyangwa rupakururwa mu modoka, kandi bigakorwa vuba  bituma hatononekara rwinshi<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15" /> '''Gutunganya urusenda''' [[Dosiye:Farmer's Market Peppers.jpg|thumb|Farmer's Market Peppers]] Urusenda rushobora kuribwa rukiri rubisi cyangwa rwumye kandi rushobora gukorwamo ibiribwa bitandukanye nk’amasosi, ifu y’urusenda, shokola,<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":7" /> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] ojio8maah4uisgpv33m9j018yt624a3 137144 137119 2026-09-15T07:29:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* Amashakiro */ 137144 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tabasco peppers.JPG|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Pepper 03.jpg|thumb|insenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Piri-piri' (6674322781).jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Baby Bell pepper Capsicum annuum 3.jpg|thumb|urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Baby Bell pepper ''Capsicum annuum'' .jpg|thumb|Baby Bell pepper ']] [[Dosiye:Capsicum - Mercado Municipal Funchal 02.jpg|thumb|Insenda]] [[Dosiye:Red Bell pepper.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Peppers in water.jpg|thumb|Peppers in water]] [[Dosiye:Pepper No. 30.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum fruits IMGP0049.jpg|thumb|Capsicum annuum fruits]] [[Dosiye:Chili pepper plant.jpg|thumb|'''Chili pepper plant''']] [[Dosiye:Aji Dulce Pepper Changing Color.jpg|thumb|Aji Dulce Pepper Changing Color]] [[Dosiye:Red pepper falls into glass of water.jpg|thumb|Red pepper falls into glass of water]] [[Dosiye:Pepper (Ata rodo).jpg|thumb|Insenda]] [[Dosiye:Chocolate Habanero peppers - 13 Nov. 2016 - (2).jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum-Chilli-on-plant.JPG|thumb|Chilli pepper plant ]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Solanaceae Capsicum frutescens 1.jpg|thumb|284x284px|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum-Red Chilli Pepper 04.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] Urusenda ni kimwe mu mboga z’ingenzi zihingwa mu Rwanda. Urusenda rwera neza ahantu hashyuha kandi rufata igihe kirekire mu mikurire yarwo. Urusenda rukunda ikirere gishyuha cyane kurusha inyanya kandi rukazirana n’urubura. Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya doger 5 na 15 butuma urusenda rudakura neza. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 24 ni cyo cyiza ku moko menshi y’urusenda rw’ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi.  Nyamara n’ubwo igihingwa cy’urusenga gisaba ubushyuhe, iyo buri hejuru cyane na byo birugiraho ingaruka mbi. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 32 by’umwihariko igihe ubushyuhe burimo imiyaga butuma indabo zihina zigahunguka n’imbuto zikaba nkeya. Iyo igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kirenze dogere 35 cyane cyane iyo bihuriranye n’umuyaga wo mu zuba imbuto z’urusenda zihindura isura kandi zikababurwa n’izuba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/chilli</ref> Kimwe n’andi moko menshi y’ibihingwa, urusenga rushobora guhingwa mu butaka butandukanye ariko cyane cyane rukera neza mu butaka buvanze bw’urusenyi n’inombe. Urusenda rusaba ubutaka bufite ubusharire buri hagati ya  5.5 na  7.0. Ubutaka buhingwamo urusenda bugomba kuba bufite imiyoboro y’amazi meza kandi bubasha kuyabika. Bugomba kandi kuba buhitisha neza amazi kandi bwifitemo n’ubushobozi bwo kugumana amazi akenewe. Ubwo butaka bugomba kuba burimo ifumbire ihagije kandi ari isi ndende, bufite ubujyakuzimu buri hejuru  ya cm 40.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens, Burdwan, West Bengal, India 03 05 2013.jpg|thumb|urusenda]] === Amoko y’urusenda === Urusenda rukaze rwiganje henshi ku isi mu bucuruzi bw’indyoshyandyo naho urusenda rudakaze ruzwi nka Puwavuro rwakwiriye hose nk’igihingwa cyo mu bwoko bw’imboga kandi cyinjiza amafaranga ku bahinzi baciriritse mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere n’u Rwanda rurimo.Amoko 5 y’urusenda yo mu bwoko bw’urusenda rukaze ni aya akurikira'''''Kamurari-''''' ''C. frutescens chinense- '''Pilipili ,'''baccatum- Urusenda rurerure pubescens'' ''annuum''(rumwe rurakara urundi ntirukara) ''ni yo moko ahingwa cyane'' muri rusange.<ref name=":2">https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/menya-akamaro-k-urusenda-mu-mubiri-harimo-no-kuba-rugabanya-umubyibuho-ukabije</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Gutegura Ubutaka === [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens Capsicum annuum Pj DSC 1076.jpg|thumb|kwiniza urusenda]] ==== Kwinaza ingemwe ==== * '''Guhitamo umurima no kuwutegura''' * Umurima mwiza wo guhumbikamo urusenga ni uwitegeye izuba kandi ukaba utarahinzwemo ibihingwa byo mu bwoko bumwe n’urusenda mu bihembwe by’ihingwa 3-4 byahise. Ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba bugerwaho n’kayaga, buhitisha amazi amazi kandi bufite ubusharire bui mu rugero. Bugomba guhingwa mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 20-30 bagakuramo amabuye, ibyatsi bibi n’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa. * Ubuhumbikiro kand bugomba kuba butarangwamo n’uburwayi n’ibyonnyi. Bugomba kuba bwarashyizwemo ifumbire nziza y’imborera (kg 5/m2) ndetse n’ifumbire mvaruganda nka NPK 17-17-17 (g 20 /m2). * [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens-- Tabasco Pepper (25960478663).jpg|thumb|urusenda]]Hakorwa ubuhumbikiro bwigiye hejuru kuri m 1-1,2 m z’ubugari na cm 20 z’ubujyakuzimu. * '''Guhumbika no kwita ku buhumbikiro''' * Igipimo cy’umurama ukenewe ni kg 0.5-1 kuri hegitari imwe (1ha) cyangwa  (g 5-10 kuri are imwe (m 10x m10). Ni byiza kandi ko hakoreshwa umurama utarasaza kandi uturutse ahantu hizewe nko mu bigo bitunganya cyangwa bicuruza imirama. * [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens (1224874402).jpg|thumb|uko urusenda rushibuka]]Ku munsi wo guhumbika, ubutaka buhumbikwamo buraringanizwa maze bagahumbika ku mirongo baciye bakoresheje agate ku bujyakuzibu bwa cm 0.5. Umurama uterwa mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 10-15 x cm 2, bamara gutera umurama bakawutwikiriza agataka gake. Nyuma y’ibyo, ubuhumbikiro babutwikiriza isaso y’ibyatsi byumye ubundi bakajya bavomerera ku buryo buhoraho. * Iyo imbuto zitangiye kumera (nka nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe), isaso ikurwaho, imimero ikarindwa izuba. * Iyo ingemwe zameze ari nyinshi mu buhumbikiro, ni byiza ko zicirwa kugira ngo urumuri rushobore kwinjiramo. * Iyo bibaye ngombwa, bashobora gukoresha imiti yica udukoko nka Mancozeb (g 2.5/Litiro y’amazi) na Lambda-Cyhalothrin (ml 1/L y’amazi). * Kugira ngo ingemwe zikomere neza, ni ngombwa kugabanya inshuro zo kuvomerera bityo ingemwe zikamenyera guhangana n’izuba buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy’icyumweru 1 cyangwa 2 mbere yo kugemura. '''Icyitonderwa''': Umurama ushobora kubibwa mu bihoho byabugenewe bya cm 7.5 z’umurambararo bikoze mu makoma y’insina cyangwa pulasitikie.Ibyo bihoho buzuzamo itaka rivanze n’ifumbire y’imborera nziza ku rugero rwa 2:1. Imbuto ebyiri ebyiri ziterwa muri buri gihohoi mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 0.5-1c. Iyo ingemwe zimaze kuzana amababi 2-3, urugemwe rumwe rwiza ni rwo rusigara mu gihoho urundi bakarurandura. Ni byiza na none guhumbika mu bikoresho byabugenewe (trays).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ibyiza-ningaruka-mbi-kurya-urusenda-bigira-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://yegob.rw/ibyiza-ningaruka-mbi-kurya-urusenda-bigira-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens (5287183987).jpg|thumb|umurima w'urusenda]] === Guhitamo umurima wo guteramo no kuwutegura === Umurima mwiza wo guteramo urusenda ni umurima utarahinzwemo inyanya, intoryi, ibirayi, ibinyomoro n’itabi cyangwa ibindi bihingwa bwo mu bwoko bumwe mu bihembwe by’ihinga  3-4 byashize.Ubutaka buhingwa bageza isuka hasi, bagakuramo ibikuri n’ibindi bisigazwa by’ibihingwa ubundi ubutaka bukaringanizwa neza. Ni byiza gutera ingemwe z’urusenda  mu mitabo ifite m1-1,20 z’ubugari n’uburebure bugereranyije no gusigaza inzira yo kunyuramo ya cm 40 z’ubugari.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://www.agakiza.rw/Sobanukirwa-Imabaraga-z-urusenda.html</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Gutera imbuto === Ubusanzwe ingemwe z’urusenga zigemurwa nyuma y’iminsi 50-60 zihumbitswe. Ingemwe zifite ubuzima bwiza, zifite uruti rubyibushye n’amababi 4-5 mazima ni zo nziza zo kugemurwa.  Igihe cyiza cyo kugemura ingemwe ni amasaha yo mu gitondo cya kare cyangwa bugorobye kugira ngo ingemwe zikiri nto zitangirika kubera imirasire y’izuba. Mbere yo guterwa, ingemwe bazivomereza amazi ahagije kugira ngo imizi itangirika mu gihe cyo kuzigemeka. Ingemwe ziranduranwa n’akabumbe b’ubutaka gakikije imizi.<ref name=":3">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63761/urusenda-rufite-akamaro-gakomeye-mu-buzima-bwa-buri-munsi-bwa-muntu---63761.html</ref><ref name=":1" /> Mu kugemeka ni ngombwa ko hacukurwa imyobo yo guteramo ya cm 15 z’ubujyakuzimu. Hakurikiraho gushyira mu myobo ifumbire y’imborera yaboze yuzuye ikiganza neza igashyirwa muri buri mwobo ikavangwa neza n’ubutaka. Ifumbire ikenerwa ingana na kg 200-250/are ni ukuvuga Toni 20-25/ha. Intera isigara hagati y’ingemwe igombye kuba cm 45 na cm 60 hagati y’imirongo.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:20171014 - Capsicum frutescens L. 'Piri Piri'.jpg|thumb|kwita k'urusenda]] === Kwita ku gihingwa === ==== Ifumbire n’inyongeramusaruro ==== Mu buhinzi bw’urusenda rukaze, kumenya inyongeramusaruro ya nyayo ni cyo kintu kimwe cy’ingenzi gituma umusaruro uba mwiza. Uburyo bwiza bwakoreshwa mu kwita ku gihingwa buterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye nyamara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba nziza kurusha izindi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-bahinga-urusenda.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-bahinga-urusenda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Ingengabihe: ingano y’inyongeramusaruro ikenerwa kuri hegitari n’igihe ikoreshwa''' {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |'''Imborera''' | rowspan="2" |'''Inyongeramusaruro  (N:P:K), kg/ha''' | colspan="3" |'''Inyongeramusaruro (kg/ha)''' |- | |'''NPK''' '''(17-17-17)''' |'''KCl''' '''(0-0-60)''' |'''Ure''' '''(46-0-0)''' |- | |20-25 |130:80:110 |470 |50 |130 |- |Ingengabihe |Mu gihe cy’itera |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | colspan="2" |Icyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera |Iminsi 30 nyuma yo gukoresha NPK 17-17-17 |} Kugira ngo igihingwa kitabweho uko bikwiye, inyongeramusaruro zishyirwamo ku rugero rwa kg 470.5 /ha za NPK (17-17-17), kg 130 /ha za  Ire na kg 50 za KCl.  Zose hamwe NPK 17-17-17na KCl zagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe ingemwe zitewe. Naho Ire yagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’iminsi 30 hashyizwemo inyongeramusaruro ku nshuro ya mbere.<ref name=":5">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/50741039</ref><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kubagara no gusasira ==== [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Hidalgo' 001.JPG|thumb|urusenda]] Kubagara urusenga bigomba gukorwa mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo umurima utazamo ibyatsi bibi bityo igihingwa ntigicuranwe n’ibyo byatsi bibi ibigitunga, urumuri n’amazi. Gusasira urusenga ni ngombwa mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri, gufasha  ubutaka kugira igipimo kidahinduka cy’ubushyuhe no kugumana ubuhehere mu butaka. Gusukira urusenda byagombye gukorwa nyuma y’ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo kugemura. Gusukira binafasha mu gukuramo ibyatsi bibi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Kuhira ==== Ni ngombwa cyane kuhira imizi y’urusenda. Kuhira ukarenza urugero cyangwa kuhiriza utuzi duke cyane byombi bishobora kwangiza urusenda. Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane ko kuvomerera bikorwa mu bihe byabugenewe. Kuvomerera kenshi n’amazi atari menshi bikenewe mu butaka bw’urusenyi. Naho kuvomerera n’amazi menshi mu bihe bitandukanyijwe n’intera nini bikenerwa mu butaka burimo ibumba.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda-rwicyatsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160105/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda-rwicyatsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Pepper 12.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Picture of Pepper.jpg|thumb|Ifoto igaragaza insenda]] Mu gihe hategurwa gahunda yo kuvomerera ni ngombwa kumenya uko imizi ingana bikagenderwaho.  Muri rusange ingano y’imizi igereranywa n’imikurire y’igihingwa kigaragara hejuru. Imizi yinjira mu butaka ku rugero rumwe igihingwa gikura kijya ejuru.<ref name=":6" /> [[Dosiye:Peppers Mid City Farmers Market.jpg|thumb|Gucuruza urusenda]] Hagendewe ku mpamvu zo kuvomerera, imikurire y’urusenda igabanyije mu byiciro bine: * '''Icyiciro cya 1: Gufata kw’ingemwe:''' Iki cyiciro gishobora kugeza ku byumweru bibiri. Ingemwe iyo zimaze gufata ni bwo igihingwa gitangira gukura bigaragara. Muri iki gihe, bavomerera bakoresheje amazi make. Nyuma yo gufata kugeza  mbere gato y’uko uruyange rwa mbere ruzaho, ni ngombwa ko amazi yo kuvomerera agabanywa buhoro buhoro. Ibi bituma imizi icengera cyane mu butaka ishakisha ubuhehere. Ibi bifasha igihingwa guhangana n’ibihe bibi mu gihe imbuto zitangiye kwirema bifashijwe n’ukwiyongera kw’imizi. * '''Icyiciro cya 2: Imikurire y’igihingwa, kuzana uruyange n’imbuto''': Ni ngombwa gukuba kabiri ingano y’amazi yakoreshwaga mu kuvomerera ugereranyije no mu cyiciro cya mbere * [[Dosiye:A Red Aji Dulce Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Red Aji Dulce Pepper]]'''Icyiciro cya 3: Kwirema kw’imbuto''': Gukura biba bigeze ku ndunduro. Kuvomerera kuri iki cyiciro  ni ngombwa cyane kuko ni cyo cyiciro cya nyuma mu buzima bwose igihingwa kizamara. * '''Icyiciro cya 4: Kwera no gusarura''': Igihingwa kiba kiremerewe n’imbuto. Kuvomerera bigomba kugabanuka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-isoko-ryurusenda-ruseye-mu-bushinwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-isoko-ryurusenda-ruseye-mu-bushinwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Red and green peppers.jpg|thumb|Red and green peppers]] === Indwara n'uburyo bwo kurwanya Udukoko === ==== Kirabiranya (''Ralstonia solanacearum'') ==== Ubu burwayi bushobora gufata ibihingwa bimwe na bimwe mu murima cyangwa bigafata agatsiko k’ibihingwa mu murima Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara ni ukuraba kw’igihingwa cyose kandi nta babi ryahindutse umuhondo. Udukoko dutera iyi ndwara dushobora kwihisha ahantu henshi kandi tubasha kuba mu butaka mu gihe kirekire cyane. Ubu burwayi butizwa umurindi n’ubukonje ndetse n’ ubushyuhe. Urusenda ariko ntiruhangarwa n’indwara cyane nk’intoryi, ibirayi, itabi cyangwa inyanya. Guhinduranya imyaka si cyo gisubizo kuko udukoko tuyitera dushobora kwibera mu butaka mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi kandi dufata amoko menshi y’ibihingwa n’ibyatsi byo mu muryango umwe n’urusenda. Ifoto: Ibimenyetso bya kirabiranya ku rusenda.<ref name=":7">https://rba.co.rw/post/Baravuga-imyato-ubuhinzi-bwurusenda-bubinjiriza-akayabo</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bushobora guhangana n’indwara niba buboneka * Kudahinga urusenda ahantu kirabiranya yayogoje * [[Dosiye:Capsicum baccatum flower 02.jpg|thumb|Capsicum baccatum flower]]Kurandura ingemwe zarabye mu murima kugira ngo hagabanuke kwanduzanya kw’igihingwa n’ikindi; * [[Dosiye:Green, yellow and red bell peppers.jpg|thumb|'''Green, yellow and red bell peppers''']]Kurwanya iminyorogoto ijya mu mizi kuko yanduza kandi igakwirakwiza indwara ya kirabiranya * Gufumbira ubutaka n’ifumbire y’imborera bishobora gukuraho ibisigisigi bya kirabiranya mu butaka * Guhinduranya imyaka mu murima bifite akamaro gake kuko iyi ndwara yihisha henshi, ariko na byo byaba byiza hahinzwe ibihingwa bw’ubundi bwoko butandukanye n’urusenda.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/waba-uzi-icyo-urusenda-rufasha-umubiri</ref><ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum).jpg|thumb|Pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum)]] === Fizariyoze (''Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici'') === Ibimenyetso by’indwara ya Fizariyoze y’urusenda birimo gucurama no guhinduka umuhondo ku mababi yo hasi, bigakurikirwa no kuraba kw’igihingwa cyose. Amababi y’urusenda rwafashwe aguma ku giti maze ibice by’igihingwa bigahindura ibara, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’igihimba n’imizi.<ref name=":8">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/abahinzi-b-urusenda-basabye-kwegerezwa-imbuto-yarwo-bahendwa-no-kugura-mu</ref> Imiyege itera iyi ndwara iba mu butaka ubuziraherezo kandi ikwirakwizwa n’amazi avomerera. Ikunda kugaragara igihe habaye impinduka y’igipimo cy’ubushyuhe n’ubuhehere bw’ubutaka. Iyi ndwara ikura cyane ku gipimo cya dogere 24 kugeza kuri 27.Ubutaka buhehereye butuma iyi ndwara yororoka cyane. Iyi ndwara ntiboneka mu butaka bwumagaye ariko ikabya cyane mu butaka budahitisha neza amazi.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka * Gushyira ishwagara mu butaka no kwizera neza ko amazi ahita neza mu butaka.<ref name=":8" /> === Indwara y’imvura (''Leveillula taurica'') === Ibibara bijya kuba umuhondo bifata igice cyo hejuru ku buso bw’amababi. Ubuso bw’amababi butwikirwa n’ibintu bias n’ifu y’umweru cyangwa ibara ry’ivu. Indwara ikomeza kwiyongera ihereye ku mababi makuru ijyana ku mababi akiri mato maze amababi yose agashiraho. Ihunguka ry’amababi rijyana ku igabanuka ry’ingano ndetse n’umubare w’imbuto. Bituma imbuto zisa n’izokejwe n’izuba. Iyi ndwara itizwa umurindi n’ubushyuhe, ubuhehere n’igihe cy’izuba. Mikorobi zitera iyi ndwara zishobora no gufata intoryi n’inyanya. Kuvomerera baturutse hejuru bigabanya ubukana bw’iyi ndwara.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ese-koko-urusenda-rutuma-umuntu-ashaka-gutera-akabariro.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ese-koko-urusenda-rutuma-umuntu-ashaka-gutera-akabariro.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * [[Dosiye:Yellow, Red, Green Sweet Peppers.jpg|thumb|Insenda]]Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka Gutera imiti ikoze muri Sirifire nka Copperoxychloride mu gihe ibimenyetso by’indwara bigitangira kugaragara * Kurandura no gutwika ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa nyuma y’isarura.<ref name=":9" /> === Indwara ziterwa na vurusi === Byaragaragaye ko hari indwara zigera kuri 17 ziterwa na virusi zifata urusenda. [[Dosiye:Ata todo (Pepper).jpg|thumb|Gucuruza insenda]] Inyinshi muri izi ndwara zikwirakwizwa n’udukoko cyangwa  umurama urwaye inshuro nkeya bigaterwa n’uburyo bahinga. Ibimenyetso rusange bikubiyemo ibibara byishushanyije ku mababi, guhinduka umuhondo, ibibara bikoze uruziga, guta isura kw’amababi akaba mabi, kwihinahina kw’amababi no kugwingira kw’ibihingwa. Ubu burwayi bushobora gutuma imbuto zinanuka, zisa nabi cyangwa zigira ibibara bishushanyijeho mu ishusho y’uruziga. Ifoto.Ibimenyetso by’indwara ziterwa na virusi ku rusenda [[Dosiye:Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper-2009.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] Uburyo bukoreshwa kenshi mu kugabanya indwara ziterwa na virusi harimo: * Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka * Guhitamo amatariki meza yo gutera kugira ngo hirindwe ikwirakwira ry’indwara * Kwegeranya ibihingwa kugira ngo ibyanduye nibivamo hagire ibisigara * Gukora uruzitiro rw’ibihingwa kugira ngo ikwirakwira ry’indwara rigabanuke * Gutera imiti y’amavuta mu kugabanya ikwirakiwizwa rya virusi ziterwa n’inda z’ibihingwa * Gukoresha isaso yirukana inda z’urusenda n’uduhunduguru. * Gukoresha umurama wizewe ko ari muzima.<ref name=":10">https://igisabo.rw/2021/05/10/green-treasure-ltd-yaje-ari-igisubizo-ku-musaruro-wurusenda-rwapfaga-ubusa/</ref> === '''Uduhunduguru twangiza urusenda'''''(Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips dorsalis'', ''Thrips tabaci'') === Muru rusange, uduhunduguru dutungwa n’igice cyo hejuru y’ubutaka cy’igihingwa, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’amababi akiri mato, indabo n’imbuto. Kenshi zihisha munsi. Amababi arononekara bitewe n’uko udukoko tuyatobora tukanyunyuza amatembabuzi. Iyo indwara igitangira amababi y’urusenda agira igice gisa n’ivu akagira utubara duto duto twijimye twanduza igice cyo hasi. Uko indwara ikura ni ko amababi yihinahinira mu ruhande rwo hejuru nyuma akuma. Ibi bituma imbuto z’ urusenda zangirika. Kwangirika gukomeye gutuma amababi, imimero n’imbuto bihinduka bigsa n’ibyababuwe n’izuba. [[Dosiye:RedGreenYellowPeppersDisplay.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] [[Dosiye:A Red Aji Dulce Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Red Aji Dulce Pepper]] [[Dosiye:-2019-11-12 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham.JPG|thumb|Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham]] Uduhunduguru dushobora gutuma ingemwe zikiri nto ziraba, amababi atinda gukura kandi akaba mabi bityo ibihingwa bikagwingira. Iyo uduhunduguru twangije imbuto zihindura isura zikazana ibirongo by’amabara bizitera ubusembwa butuma zitagurwa ku isoko cyane cyane iyo ari imbuto zigomba kugurishwa ku masoko yo hanze. Iyo uduhunduguru dufashe ingemwe zikiri nto zimaze igihe gito zitewe bituma zitinda gukura. Uduhunduguru dukwirakwiza indwara iterwa na virusi y’ibibara by’inyanya ku rusenda. Ubwoko bw’uduhunduguru twitwa ''S. dorsalis'' dukwirakwiza indwara yo kwihinahina kw’amababi y’urusenda<ref name=":11">https://bwiza.com/?Rubavu-Arashinja-umugabo-we-gushaka-kumusuka-urusenda-mu-gitsina-no-gushaka</ref><ref name=":12">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bahinga-urusenda-rugurishwa-mu-mahanga/</ref> ==== Kuturwanya: ==== * Udukoko tuzirana n’Uduhunduguru ni ngombwa ko dukoreshwa mu kuturwanya. Utw’ingenzi ni nk’ubwoko bw’utuvumvuri tw’umukara,  imiswa ihiga n’ibitagangurirwa * Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwita ku bihingwa ngo kuvomerera ku gihe no kubagara na byo bishobora kugabanya ubwandu ku rugero runaka. Igihe ubuhunduguru bwabaye bwinshi ni ngombwa gutera imiti yica udukoko nka  cypermethrin (ml 1/L 1 y’amazi) mu ntera ingana n’iminsi 15.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /> === Inda zangiza urusenda === [[Dosiye:-2019-07-31 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham (3).JPG|thumb|Cayenne pepper ]] Inda zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu gihingwa; muri rusange zikunda gufata igihingwa mu gihe cy’izuba no mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy’imikurire y’igihingwa. Ubwiza bw’umusaruro burangirika kubera ibibara by’umukara bifata imbuto z’urusenda. Inda zakora nka virusi. [[Dosiye:13-09-01-kochtreffen-wien-Bi-frie-009.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] [[Dosiye:Young chilli pepper plants - geograph.org.uk - 6512825.jpg|thumb|Chilli pepper plant]] ==== Kuzirwanya: ==== Inda zangiza urusenda bazirwanya batera umuti wica udukoko nka cypermethrin (ml 1/L 1 y’amazi) mu gihe cy’intera y’iminsi 15.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/u-rwanda-rwasinye-amasezerano-yo-kohereza-urusenda-rwumye-mu-bushinwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://panorama.rw/u-rwanda-rwasinye-amasezerano-yo-kohereza-urusenda-rwumye-mu-bushinwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Isazi zera (''Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum'') === [[Dosiye:Gemüsepaprika in drei Farben 2011.JPG|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] Isazi zera zangiza urusenda mu buryo butatu. Isazi zera zikiri ntoya n’izikuze zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu mababi. Zitungwa na yo hakiyongeraho kunyunyuza ibyagatunze igihingwa, kandi zigatera ibibara ku mababi yanduye. Izikiri ibyana  zisiga ku ababi umushongi umatira nk’isukari kenshi na kenshi bikwirakwira ku mababi mu gihe indwara ikabije. Uwo mushongi umatira utera ibindi by’umukara bisa nabi bigatuma amababi yoseahinduka umukara bigakumira kwinjira k’urumuri mu gihingwa. Isazi zera nazo zikurura  indwara ziterwa na virus.<ref name=":13" /> [[Dosiye:Green, yellow and red bell peppers in zooming up.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] === Kuyirwanya: === * Mu duce isazi zera zateye indwara zituruka kuri virusi ni ngombwa kurinda ingemwe z’urusenda zitwikirizwa akayunguruzo kabugenewe kugeza igihe cyo kugemurwa. Ni ngombwa kwizera neza ko ako kayunguruzo gafunze neza. * [[Dosiye:Chilli Plant (4240694581).jpg|thumb|Chilli pepper plant]]Kubungabunga udukoko tuzirana n’isazi zera: amavubi, imiswa ihiga, ibinyugunyugu ni abanzi bakomeye b’isazi zera. * Aho bibaye ngombwa, batera umuti wa Neem (Soma Nimu). Umuti wa Neem urinda ibyana by’isazi zera gukura, birinda isazi zera nkuru kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bw’isazi zera  bwo gutera andi magi.<ref name=":14">https://www.teradignews.rw/ange-kagame-mu-bambariye-umunyamidelikazi-wakoze-ubukwe-numusore-ucuruza-urusenda-amafoto/</ref> [[Dosiye:Chocolate habanero peppers.jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]] === Kubora kw’imitwe y’urusenda (Physiological disorder) === Igice cy’impera y’umutwe w’urusenda kireruruka kikenda kugira ibara ry’ikigina kandi kigasa n’igicukuye umwobo. Iyo urubuto rumaze gukura neza, ibyo bimenyetso birusahho kugaragara maze ibara ry’ahaboze rikijima rijya  kuba umukara.<ref name=":15">https://www.teradignews.rw/ange-kagame-mu-bambariye-umunyamidelikazi-wakoze-ubukwe-numusore-ucuruza-urusenda-amafoto/</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Gufumbira ubutaka bongeramo ishwagara, dolomite, gypsum cyangwa ifumbire ikomoka ku matungo mbere yo guhumbika. * Kuhira kenshi: urusenda rukomeza kurabya no kwera  mu gihe kirekire. Ni ngombwa rero ko ubutaka bwegereye imizi buhora bwuhirwa kugira ngo bukomeze guhehera. * [[Dosiye:Chocolate Habanero peppers (top view) - 13 Nov. 2016.jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]]Irinde inyongeramusaruro zikungahaye cyane kuri Azote. Azote ituma amababi akura cyane ariko imbuto ntizize. Ni ngombwa kongeramo kalisiyumu  ahubwo. [[Dosiye:Chilli pepper harvesting.jpg|thumb|Gusarura Urusenda]] Umusaruro wa toni 30 kugeza kuri 70 kuri hegitari ni wo ufatwa nk’umusaruro mwiza. Muri rusange, urusenda rusarurwa rumaze kwera neza ariko rugifite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi. Bitewe n’ibyifuzo by’umuguzi w’urusenda bashobora kurusarura rumaze guhinduka umuhondo cyangwa umutuku. Mu gihe cy’isarura, gutoranya no gupakira urusenda bigomba gukorwa mu bwitonzi kuko urusenda rwangirika ku buryo bworoshye bityo kururinda kwangirika bituma rutabora.Urusenda rusarurirwa mu makarito yabugenewe ariko ibirango bya ba nyirabyo cyangwa mu bitebo bikoze muri pulasitiki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/urusenda-nindabyo-za-kagame-mu-bibizo-kubera-coronavirus/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226163108/https://rugali.com/urusenda-nindabyo-za-kagame-mu-bibizo-kubera-coronavirus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/imvururu-zikomeye-hagati-ya-bobi-wine-abambari-be-na-polisi-yabamishemo-urusenda</ref> === Gufata neza umusaruro === === Gushyira urusenda mu byiciro === [[Dosiye:-2019-10-29 Pickled Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Cromer (3).JPG|thumb|'''Pickled Cayenne pepper''']] Gushyira urusenda mu byiciro hakurikijwe  ibi bikurikira: # Ibara ry’urusenda # [[Dosiye:13-08-31-wien-redaktionstreffen-EuT-by-Bi-frie-078.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']]Ingano yarwo # Icyiciro rugezeho rwera * Gupakira urusenda rutandukanye hakurikijwe ibyiciro rurimo mbere yo kurugeza ku isoko; [[Dosiye:Chilli Pepper - Garden Longhorn (41719171030).jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:-2020-09-11 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham (2).JPG|thumb|pepper]] Urusenda rupfa ubusa bitewe n’umuhinzi rugera kuri 5-8%.Iyo rutashyizwe mu byiciro neza bikiri ku ruhande rw’umuhinzi urundi rungana na  4-5% rushobora kononekara.<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5015968.html</ref> === Gupakira === [[Dosiye:Pepper Orchard at Imo State University (IMSU) farm, Owerri, Imo State.jpg|thumb|Gusarura urusenda]] Urusenda rushobora gupakirwa mu bikoresho bitandukanye: nk’impapuro zikoze muri pulasitiki, ibikapu bikoze muri pulasitiki cyangwa mu bikarito bikoze mu mpapuro.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160109/https://genesisbizz.com/Nubwo-ruryana-urusenda-n-abantu-ni-urukundo-rumaze-imyaka-ibihumbi-kandi</ref> === Kubika urusenda === * Urusenda rushobora kubikwa ahantu hafutse, hijimye, humutse mu gihe cy’umwaka wose. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe cy’aho urusenda rubitse kigira ingaruka mu ku ibara ry’urusenda kurusha uko rwahinduka bitewe n’urumuri, umwuka, ubwoko bw’igikoresho rubitsemo cyangwa kuba rubitse rukiri rwose cyangwa rukasemo uduce.<ref name=":12" /> [[Dosiye:Bell peppers, Mercado de Arroios, Lisbon, Portugal julesvernex2-2.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] === Gutwara urusenda === Muri rusange abahinzi bageza urusenda ku isoko rya hafi barutwaye  mu ngorofani zikururwa n’ibimasa cyangwa imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi. * Kuva ku masoko rujyanwa hirya hino hakoreshwa imidoka zisanzwe cyangwa izagenewe gutwara imitwaro. Iyo urusenda rupakiwe neza mu bikoresho byabugenewe, rukitabwaho neza igihe rupakirwa cyangwa rupakururwa mu modoka, kandi bigakorwa vuba  bituma hatononekara rwinshi<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15" /> '''Gutunganya urusenda''' [[Dosiye:Farmer's Market Peppers.jpg|thumb|Farmer's Market Peppers]] Urusenda rushobora kuribwa rukiri rubisi cyangwa rwumye kandi rushobora gukorwamo ibiribwa bitandukanye nk’amasosi, ifu y’urusenda, shokola,<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":7" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] i97clx8e4r4n5b374lay8b5cbzrhq2z 137145 137144 2026-09-15T07:30:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* Uduhunduguru twangiza urusenda(Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips tabaci) */ 137145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tabasco peppers.JPG|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Pepper 03.jpg|thumb|insenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Piri-piri' (6674322781).jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Baby Bell pepper Capsicum annuum 3.jpg|thumb|urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Baby Bell pepper ''Capsicum annuum'' .jpg|thumb|Baby Bell pepper ']] [[Dosiye:Capsicum - Mercado Municipal Funchal 02.jpg|thumb|Insenda]] [[Dosiye:Red Bell pepper.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Peppers in water.jpg|thumb|Peppers in water]] [[Dosiye:Pepper No. 30.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum fruits IMGP0049.jpg|thumb|Capsicum annuum fruits]] [[Dosiye:Chili pepper plant.jpg|thumb|'''Chili pepper plant''']] [[Dosiye:Aji Dulce Pepper Changing Color.jpg|thumb|Aji Dulce Pepper Changing Color]] [[Dosiye:Red pepper falls into glass of water.jpg|thumb|Red pepper falls into glass of water]] [[Dosiye:Pepper (Ata rodo).jpg|thumb|Insenda]] [[Dosiye:Chocolate Habanero peppers - 13 Nov. 2016 - (2).jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum-Chilli-on-plant.JPG|thumb|Chilli pepper plant ]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Solanaceae Capsicum frutescens 1.jpg|thumb|284x284px|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum-Red Chilli Pepper 04.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] Urusenda ni kimwe mu mboga z’ingenzi zihingwa mu Rwanda. Urusenda rwera neza ahantu hashyuha kandi rufata igihe kirekire mu mikurire yarwo. Urusenda rukunda ikirere gishyuha cyane kurusha inyanya kandi rukazirana n’urubura. Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya doger 5 na 15 butuma urusenda rudakura neza. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 24 ni cyo cyiza ku moko menshi y’urusenda rw’ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi.  Nyamara n’ubwo igihingwa cy’urusenga gisaba ubushyuhe, iyo buri hejuru cyane na byo birugiraho ingaruka mbi. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 32 by’umwihariko igihe ubushyuhe burimo imiyaga butuma indabo zihina zigahunguka n’imbuto zikaba nkeya. Iyo igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kirenze dogere 35 cyane cyane iyo bihuriranye n’umuyaga wo mu zuba imbuto z’urusenda zihindura isura kandi zikababurwa n’izuba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/chilli</ref> Kimwe n’andi moko menshi y’ibihingwa, urusenga rushobora guhingwa mu butaka butandukanye ariko cyane cyane rukera neza mu butaka buvanze bw’urusenyi n’inombe. Urusenda rusaba ubutaka bufite ubusharire buri hagati ya  5.5 na  7.0. Ubutaka buhingwamo urusenda bugomba kuba bufite imiyoboro y’amazi meza kandi bubasha kuyabika. Bugomba kandi kuba buhitisha neza amazi kandi bwifitemo n’ubushobozi bwo kugumana amazi akenewe. Ubwo butaka bugomba kuba burimo ifumbire ihagije kandi ari isi ndende, bufite ubujyakuzimu buri hejuru  ya cm 40.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens, Burdwan, West Bengal, India 03 05 2013.jpg|thumb|urusenda]] === Amoko y’urusenda === Urusenda rukaze rwiganje henshi ku isi mu bucuruzi bw’indyoshyandyo naho urusenda rudakaze ruzwi nka Puwavuro rwakwiriye hose nk’igihingwa cyo mu bwoko bw’imboga kandi cyinjiza amafaranga ku bahinzi baciriritse mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere n’u Rwanda rurimo.Amoko 5 y’urusenda yo mu bwoko bw’urusenda rukaze ni aya akurikira'''''Kamurari-''''' ''C. frutescens chinense- '''Pilipili ,'''baccatum- Urusenda rurerure pubescens'' ''annuum''(rumwe rurakara urundi ntirukara) ''ni yo moko ahingwa cyane'' muri rusange.<ref name=":2">https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/menya-akamaro-k-urusenda-mu-mubiri-harimo-no-kuba-rugabanya-umubyibuho-ukabije</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Gutegura Ubutaka === [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens Capsicum annuum Pj DSC 1076.jpg|thumb|kwiniza urusenda]] ==== Kwinaza ingemwe ==== * '''Guhitamo umurima no kuwutegura''' * Umurima mwiza wo guhumbikamo urusenga ni uwitegeye izuba kandi ukaba utarahinzwemo ibihingwa byo mu bwoko bumwe n’urusenda mu bihembwe by’ihingwa 3-4 byahise. Ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba bugerwaho n’kayaga, buhitisha amazi amazi kandi bufite ubusharire bui mu rugero. Bugomba guhingwa mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 20-30 bagakuramo amabuye, ibyatsi bibi n’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa. * Ubuhumbikiro kand bugomba kuba butarangwamo n’uburwayi n’ibyonnyi. Bugomba kuba bwarashyizwemo ifumbire nziza y’imborera (kg 5/m2) ndetse n’ifumbire mvaruganda nka NPK 17-17-17 (g 20 /m2). * [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens-- Tabasco Pepper (25960478663).jpg|thumb|urusenda]]Hakorwa ubuhumbikiro bwigiye hejuru kuri m 1-1,2 m z’ubugari na cm 20 z’ubujyakuzimu. * '''Guhumbika no kwita ku buhumbikiro''' * Igipimo cy’umurama ukenewe ni kg 0.5-1 kuri hegitari imwe (1ha) cyangwa  (g 5-10 kuri are imwe (m 10x m10). Ni byiza kandi ko hakoreshwa umurama utarasaza kandi uturutse ahantu hizewe nko mu bigo bitunganya cyangwa bicuruza imirama. * [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens (1224874402).jpg|thumb|uko urusenda rushibuka]]Ku munsi wo guhumbika, ubutaka buhumbikwamo buraringanizwa maze bagahumbika ku mirongo baciye bakoresheje agate ku bujyakuzibu bwa cm 0.5. Umurama uterwa mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 10-15 x cm 2, bamara gutera umurama bakawutwikiriza agataka gake. Nyuma y’ibyo, ubuhumbikiro babutwikiriza isaso y’ibyatsi byumye ubundi bakajya bavomerera ku buryo buhoraho. * Iyo imbuto zitangiye kumera (nka nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe), isaso ikurwaho, imimero ikarindwa izuba. * Iyo ingemwe zameze ari nyinshi mu buhumbikiro, ni byiza ko zicirwa kugira ngo urumuri rushobore kwinjiramo. * Iyo bibaye ngombwa, bashobora gukoresha imiti yica udukoko nka Mancozeb (g 2.5/Litiro y’amazi) na Lambda-Cyhalothrin (ml 1/L y’amazi). * Kugira ngo ingemwe zikomere neza, ni ngombwa kugabanya inshuro zo kuvomerera bityo ingemwe zikamenyera guhangana n’izuba buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy’icyumweru 1 cyangwa 2 mbere yo kugemura. '''Icyitonderwa''': Umurama ushobora kubibwa mu bihoho byabugenewe bya cm 7.5 z’umurambararo bikoze mu makoma y’insina cyangwa pulasitikie.Ibyo bihoho buzuzamo itaka rivanze n’ifumbire y’imborera nziza ku rugero rwa 2:1. Imbuto ebyiri ebyiri ziterwa muri buri gihohoi mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 0.5-1c. Iyo ingemwe zimaze kuzana amababi 2-3, urugemwe rumwe rwiza ni rwo rusigara mu gihoho urundi bakarurandura. Ni byiza na none guhumbika mu bikoresho byabugenewe (trays).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ibyiza-ningaruka-mbi-kurya-urusenda-bigira-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://yegob.rw/ibyiza-ningaruka-mbi-kurya-urusenda-bigira-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens (5287183987).jpg|thumb|umurima w'urusenda]] === Guhitamo umurima wo guteramo no kuwutegura === Umurima mwiza wo guteramo urusenda ni umurima utarahinzwemo inyanya, intoryi, ibirayi, ibinyomoro n’itabi cyangwa ibindi bihingwa bwo mu bwoko bumwe mu bihembwe by’ihinga  3-4 byashize.Ubutaka buhingwa bageza isuka hasi, bagakuramo ibikuri n’ibindi bisigazwa by’ibihingwa ubundi ubutaka bukaringanizwa neza. Ni byiza gutera ingemwe z’urusenda  mu mitabo ifite m1-1,20 z’ubugari n’uburebure bugereranyije no gusigaza inzira yo kunyuramo ya cm 40 z’ubugari.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://www.agakiza.rw/Sobanukirwa-Imabaraga-z-urusenda.html</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Gutera imbuto === Ubusanzwe ingemwe z’urusenga zigemurwa nyuma y’iminsi 50-60 zihumbitswe. Ingemwe zifite ubuzima bwiza, zifite uruti rubyibushye n’amababi 4-5 mazima ni zo nziza zo kugemurwa.  Igihe cyiza cyo kugemura ingemwe ni amasaha yo mu gitondo cya kare cyangwa bugorobye kugira ngo ingemwe zikiri nto zitangirika kubera imirasire y’izuba. Mbere yo guterwa, ingemwe bazivomereza amazi ahagije kugira ngo imizi itangirika mu gihe cyo kuzigemeka. Ingemwe ziranduranwa n’akabumbe b’ubutaka gakikije imizi.<ref name=":3">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63761/urusenda-rufite-akamaro-gakomeye-mu-buzima-bwa-buri-munsi-bwa-muntu---63761.html</ref><ref name=":1" /> Mu kugemeka ni ngombwa ko hacukurwa imyobo yo guteramo ya cm 15 z’ubujyakuzimu. Hakurikiraho gushyira mu myobo ifumbire y’imborera yaboze yuzuye ikiganza neza igashyirwa muri buri mwobo ikavangwa neza n’ubutaka. Ifumbire ikenerwa ingana na kg 200-250/are ni ukuvuga Toni 20-25/ha. Intera isigara hagati y’ingemwe igombye kuba cm 45 na cm 60 hagati y’imirongo.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:20171014 - Capsicum frutescens L. 'Piri Piri'.jpg|thumb|kwita k'urusenda]] === Kwita ku gihingwa === ==== Ifumbire n’inyongeramusaruro ==== Mu buhinzi bw’urusenda rukaze, kumenya inyongeramusaruro ya nyayo ni cyo kintu kimwe cy’ingenzi gituma umusaruro uba mwiza. Uburyo bwiza bwakoreshwa mu kwita ku gihingwa buterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye nyamara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba nziza kurusha izindi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-bahinga-urusenda.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-bahinga-urusenda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Ingengabihe: ingano y’inyongeramusaruro ikenerwa kuri hegitari n’igihe ikoreshwa''' {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |'''Imborera''' | rowspan="2" |'''Inyongeramusaruro  (N:P:K), kg/ha''' | colspan="3" |'''Inyongeramusaruro (kg/ha)''' |- | |'''NPK''' '''(17-17-17)''' |'''KCl''' '''(0-0-60)''' |'''Ure''' '''(46-0-0)''' |- | |20-25 |130:80:110 |470 |50 |130 |- |Ingengabihe |Mu gihe cy’itera |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | colspan="2" |Icyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera |Iminsi 30 nyuma yo gukoresha NPK 17-17-17 |} Kugira ngo igihingwa kitabweho uko bikwiye, inyongeramusaruro zishyirwamo ku rugero rwa kg 470.5 /ha za NPK (17-17-17), kg 130 /ha za  Ire na kg 50 za KCl.  Zose hamwe NPK 17-17-17na KCl zagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe ingemwe zitewe. Naho Ire yagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’iminsi 30 hashyizwemo inyongeramusaruro ku nshuro ya mbere.<ref name=":5">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/50741039</ref><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kubagara no gusasira ==== [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Hidalgo' 001.JPG|thumb|urusenda]] Kubagara urusenga bigomba gukorwa mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo umurima utazamo ibyatsi bibi bityo igihingwa ntigicuranwe n’ibyo byatsi bibi ibigitunga, urumuri n’amazi. Gusasira urusenga ni ngombwa mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri, gufasha  ubutaka kugira igipimo kidahinduka cy’ubushyuhe no kugumana ubuhehere mu butaka. Gusukira urusenda byagombye gukorwa nyuma y’ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo kugemura. Gusukira binafasha mu gukuramo ibyatsi bibi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Kuhira ==== Ni ngombwa cyane kuhira imizi y’urusenda. Kuhira ukarenza urugero cyangwa kuhiriza utuzi duke cyane byombi bishobora kwangiza urusenda. Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane ko kuvomerera bikorwa mu bihe byabugenewe. Kuvomerera kenshi n’amazi atari menshi bikenewe mu butaka bw’urusenyi. Naho kuvomerera n’amazi menshi mu bihe bitandukanyijwe n’intera nini bikenerwa mu butaka burimo ibumba.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda-rwicyatsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160105/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda-rwicyatsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Pepper 12.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Picture of Pepper.jpg|thumb|Ifoto igaragaza insenda]] Mu gihe hategurwa gahunda yo kuvomerera ni ngombwa kumenya uko imizi ingana bikagenderwaho.  Muri rusange ingano y’imizi igereranywa n’imikurire y’igihingwa kigaragara hejuru. Imizi yinjira mu butaka ku rugero rumwe igihingwa gikura kijya ejuru.<ref name=":6" /> [[Dosiye:Peppers Mid City Farmers Market.jpg|thumb|Gucuruza urusenda]] Hagendewe ku mpamvu zo kuvomerera, imikurire y’urusenda igabanyije mu byiciro bine: * '''Icyiciro cya 1: Gufata kw’ingemwe:''' Iki cyiciro gishobora kugeza ku byumweru bibiri. Ingemwe iyo zimaze gufata ni bwo igihingwa gitangira gukura bigaragara. Muri iki gihe, bavomerera bakoresheje amazi make. Nyuma yo gufata kugeza  mbere gato y’uko uruyange rwa mbere ruzaho, ni ngombwa ko amazi yo kuvomerera agabanywa buhoro buhoro. Ibi bituma imizi icengera cyane mu butaka ishakisha ubuhehere. Ibi bifasha igihingwa guhangana n’ibihe bibi mu gihe imbuto zitangiye kwirema bifashijwe n’ukwiyongera kw’imizi. * '''Icyiciro cya 2: Imikurire y’igihingwa, kuzana uruyange n’imbuto''': Ni ngombwa gukuba kabiri ingano y’amazi yakoreshwaga mu kuvomerera ugereranyije no mu cyiciro cya mbere * [[Dosiye:A Red Aji Dulce Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Red Aji Dulce Pepper]]'''Icyiciro cya 3: Kwirema kw’imbuto''': Gukura biba bigeze ku ndunduro. Kuvomerera kuri iki cyiciro  ni ngombwa cyane kuko ni cyo cyiciro cya nyuma mu buzima bwose igihingwa kizamara. * '''Icyiciro cya 4: Kwera no gusarura''': Igihingwa kiba kiremerewe n’imbuto. Kuvomerera bigomba kugabanuka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-isoko-ryurusenda-ruseye-mu-bushinwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-isoko-ryurusenda-ruseye-mu-bushinwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Red and green peppers.jpg|thumb|Red and green peppers]] === Indwara n'uburyo bwo kurwanya Udukoko === ==== Kirabiranya (''Ralstonia solanacearum'') ==== Ubu burwayi bushobora gufata ibihingwa bimwe na bimwe mu murima cyangwa bigafata agatsiko k’ibihingwa mu murima Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara ni ukuraba kw’igihingwa cyose kandi nta babi ryahindutse umuhondo. Udukoko dutera iyi ndwara dushobora kwihisha ahantu henshi kandi tubasha kuba mu butaka mu gihe kirekire cyane. Ubu burwayi butizwa umurindi n’ubukonje ndetse n’ ubushyuhe. Urusenda ariko ntiruhangarwa n’indwara cyane nk’intoryi, ibirayi, itabi cyangwa inyanya. Guhinduranya imyaka si cyo gisubizo kuko udukoko tuyitera dushobora kwibera mu butaka mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi kandi dufata amoko menshi y’ibihingwa n’ibyatsi byo mu muryango umwe n’urusenda. Ifoto: Ibimenyetso bya kirabiranya ku rusenda.<ref name=":7">https://rba.co.rw/post/Baravuga-imyato-ubuhinzi-bwurusenda-bubinjiriza-akayabo</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bushobora guhangana n’indwara niba buboneka * Kudahinga urusenda ahantu kirabiranya yayogoje * [[Dosiye:Capsicum baccatum flower 02.jpg|thumb|Capsicum baccatum flower]]Kurandura ingemwe zarabye mu murima kugira ngo hagabanuke kwanduzanya kw’igihingwa n’ikindi; * [[Dosiye:Green, yellow and red bell peppers.jpg|thumb|'''Green, yellow and red bell peppers''']]Kurwanya iminyorogoto ijya mu mizi kuko yanduza kandi igakwirakwiza indwara ya kirabiranya * Gufumbira ubutaka n’ifumbire y’imborera bishobora gukuraho ibisigisigi bya kirabiranya mu butaka * Guhinduranya imyaka mu murima bifite akamaro gake kuko iyi ndwara yihisha henshi, ariko na byo byaba byiza hahinzwe ibihingwa bw’ubundi bwoko butandukanye n’urusenda.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/waba-uzi-icyo-urusenda-rufasha-umubiri</ref><ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum).jpg|thumb|Pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum)]] === Fizariyoze (''Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici'') === Ibimenyetso by’indwara ya Fizariyoze y’urusenda birimo gucurama no guhinduka umuhondo ku mababi yo hasi, bigakurikirwa no kuraba kw’igihingwa cyose. Amababi y’urusenda rwafashwe aguma ku giti maze ibice by’igihingwa bigahindura ibara, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’igihimba n’imizi.<ref name=":8">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/abahinzi-b-urusenda-basabye-kwegerezwa-imbuto-yarwo-bahendwa-no-kugura-mu</ref> Imiyege itera iyi ndwara iba mu butaka ubuziraherezo kandi ikwirakwizwa n’amazi avomerera. Ikunda kugaragara igihe habaye impinduka y’igipimo cy’ubushyuhe n’ubuhehere bw’ubutaka. Iyi ndwara ikura cyane ku gipimo cya dogere 24 kugeza kuri 27.Ubutaka buhehereye butuma iyi ndwara yororoka cyane. Iyi ndwara ntiboneka mu butaka bwumagaye ariko ikabya cyane mu butaka budahitisha neza amazi.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka * Gushyira ishwagara mu butaka no kwizera neza ko amazi ahita neza mu butaka.<ref name=":8" /> === Indwara y’imvura (''Leveillula taurica'') === Ibibara bijya kuba umuhondo bifata igice cyo hejuru ku buso bw’amababi. Ubuso bw’amababi butwikirwa n’ibintu bias n’ifu y’umweru cyangwa ibara ry’ivu. Indwara ikomeza kwiyongera ihereye ku mababi makuru ijyana ku mababi akiri mato maze amababi yose agashiraho. Ihunguka ry’amababi rijyana ku igabanuka ry’ingano ndetse n’umubare w’imbuto. Bituma imbuto zisa n’izokejwe n’izuba. Iyi ndwara itizwa umurindi n’ubushyuhe, ubuhehere n’igihe cy’izuba. Mikorobi zitera iyi ndwara zishobora no gufata intoryi n’inyanya. Kuvomerera baturutse hejuru bigabanya ubukana bw’iyi ndwara.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ese-koko-urusenda-rutuma-umuntu-ashaka-gutera-akabariro.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ese-koko-urusenda-rutuma-umuntu-ashaka-gutera-akabariro.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * [[Dosiye:Yellow, Red, Green Sweet Peppers.jpg|thumb|Insenda]]Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka Gutera imiti ikoze muri Sirifire nka Copperoxychloride mu gihe ibimenyetso by’indwara bigitangira kugaragara * Kurandura no gutwika ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa nyuma y’isarura.<ref name=":9" /> === Indwara ziterwa na vurusi === Byaragaragaye ko hari indwara zigera kuri 17 ziterwa na virusi zifata urusenda. [[Dosiye:Ata todo (Pepper).jpg|thumb|Gucuruza insenda]] Inyinshi muri izi ndwara zikwirakwizwa n’udukoko cyangwa  umurama urwaye inshuro nkeya bigaterwa n’uburyo bahinga. Ibimenyetso rusange bikubiyemo ibibara byishushanyije ku mababi, guhinduka umuhondo, ibibara bikoze uruziga, guta isura kw’amababi akaba mabi, kwihinahina kw’amababi no kugwingira kw’ibihingwa. Ubu burwayi bushobora gutuma imbuto zinanuka, zisa nabi cyangwa zigira ibibara bishushanyijeho mu ishusho y’uruziga. Ifoto.Ibimenyetso by’indwara ziterwa na virusi ku rusenda [[Dosiye:Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper-2009.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] Uburyo bukoreshwa kenshi mu kugabanya indwara ziterwa na virusi harimo: * Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka * Guhitamo amatariki meza yo gutera kugira ngo hirindwe ikwirakwira ry’indwara * Kwegeranya ibihingwa kugira ngo ibyanduye nibivamo hagire ibisigara * Gukora uruzitiro rw’ibihingwa kugira ngo ikwirakwira ry’indwara rigabanuke * Gutera imiti y’amavuta mu kugabanya ikwirakiwizwa rya virusi ziterwa n’inda z’ibihingwa * Gukoresha isaso yirukana inda z’urusenda n’uduhunduguru. * Gukoresha umurama wizewe ko ari muzima.<ref name=":10">https://igisabo.rw/2021/05/10/green-treasure-ltd-yaje-ari-igisubizo-ku-musaruro-wurusenda-rwapfaga-ubusa/</ref> === Uduhunduguru twangiza urusenda (Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips tabaci) === Muru rusange, uduhunduguru dutungwa n’igice cyo hejuru y’ubutaka cy’igihingwa, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’amababi akiri mato, indabo n’imbuto. Kenshi zihisha munsi. Amababi arononekara bitewe n’uko udukoko tuyatobora tukanyunyuza amatembabuzi. Iyo indwara igitangira amababi y’urusenda agira igice gisa n’ivu akagira utubara duto duto twijimye twanduza igice cyo hasi. Uko indwara ikura ni ko amababi yihinahinira mu ruhande rwo hejuru nyuma akuma. Ibi bituma imbuto z’ urusenda zangirika. Kwangirika gukomeye gutuma amababi, imimero n’imbuto bihinduka bigsa n’ibyababuwe n’izuba. [[Dosiye:RedGreenYellowPeppersDisplay.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] [[Dosiye:A Red Aji Dulce Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Red Aji Dulce Pepper]] [[Dosiye:-2019-11-12 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham.JPG|thumb|Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham]] Uduhunduguru dushobora gutuma ingemwe zikiri nto ziraba, amababi atinda gukura kandi akaba mabi bityo ibihingwa bikagwingira. Iyo uduhunduguru twangije imbuto zihindura isura zikazana ibirongo by’amabara bizitera ubusembwa butuma zitagurwa ku isoko cyane cyane iyo ari imbuto zigomba kugurishwa ku masoko yo hanze. Iyo uduhunduguru dufashe ingemwe zikiri nto zimaze igihe gito zitewe bituma zitinda gukura. Uduhunduguru dukwirakwiza indwara iterwa na virusi y’ibibara by’inyanya ku rusenda. Ubwoko bw’uduhunduguru twitwa ''S. dorsalis'' dukwirakwiza indwara yo kwihinahina kw’amababi y’urusenda<ref name=":11">https://bwiza.com/?Rubavu-Arashinja-umugabo-we-gushaka-kumusuka-urusenda-mu-gitsina-no-gushaka</ref><ref name=":12">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bahinga-urusenda-rugurishwa-mu-mahanga/</ref> ==== Kuturwanya: ==== * Udukoko tuzirana n’Uduhunduguru ni ngombwa ko dukoreshwa mu kuturwanya. Utw’ingenzi ni nk’ubwoko bw’utuvumvuri tw’umukara,  imiswa ihiga n’ibitagangurirwa * Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwita ku bihingwa ngo kuvomerera ku gihe no kubagara na byo bishobora kugabanya ubwandu ku rugero runaka. Igihe ubuhunduguru bwabaye bwinshi ni ngombwa gutera imiti yica udukoko nka  cypermethrin (ml 1/L 1 y’amazi) mu ntera ingana n’iminsi 15.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /> === Inda zangiza urusenda === [[Dosiye:-2019-07-31 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham (3).JPG|thumb|Cayenne pepper ]] Inda zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu gihingwa; muri rusange zikunda gufata igihingwa mu gihe cy’izuba no mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy’imikurire y’igihingwa. Ubwiza bw’umusaruro burangirika kubera ibibara by’umukara bifata imbuto z’urusenda. Inda zakora nka virusi. [[Dosiye:13-09-01-kochtreffen-wien-Bi-frie-009.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] [[Dosiye:Young chilli pepper plants - geograph.org.uk - 6512825.jpg|thumb|Chilli pepper plant]] ==== Kuzirwanya: ==== Inda zangiza urusenda bazirwanya batera umuti wica udukoko nka cypermethrin (ml 1/L 1 y’amazi) mu gihe cy’intera y’iminsi 15.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/u-rwanda-rwasinye-amasezerano-yo-kohereza-urusenda-rwumye-mu-bushinwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://panorama.rw/u-rwanda-rwasinye-amasezerano-yo-kohereza-urusenda-rwumye-mu-bushinwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Isazi zera (''Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum'') === [[Dosiye:Gemüsepaprika in drei Farben 2011.JPG|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] Isazi zera zangiza urusenda mu buryo butatu. Isazi zera zikiri ntoya n’izikuze zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu mababi. Zitungwa na yo hakiyongeraho kunyunyuza ibyagatunze igihingwa, kandi zigatera ibibara ku mababi yanduye. Izikiri ibyana  zisiga ku ababi umushongi umatira nk’isukari kenshi na kenshi bikwirakwira ku mababi mu gihe indwara ikabije. Uwo mushongi umatira utera ibindi by’umukara bisa nabi bigatuma amababi yoseahinduka umukara bigakumira kwinjira k’urumuri mu gihingwa. Isazi zera nazo zikurura  indwara ziterwa na virus.<ref name=":13" /> [[Dosiye:Green, yellow and red bell peppers in zooming up.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] === Kuyirwanya: === * Mu duce isazi zera zateye indwara zituruka kuri virusi ni ngombwa kurinda ingemwe z’urusenda zitwikirizwa akayunguruzo kabugenewe kugeza igihe cyo kugemurwa. Ni ngombwa kwizera neza ko ako kayunguruzo gafunze neza. * [[Dosiye:Chilli Plant (4240694581).jpg|thumb|Chilli pepper plant]]Kubungabunga udukoko tuzirana n’isazi zera: amavubi, imiswa ihiga, ibinyugunyugu ni abanzi bakomeye b’isazi zera. * Aho bibaye ngombwa, batera umuti wa Neem (Soma Nimu). Umuti wa Neem urinda ibyana by’isazi zera gukura, birinda isazi zera nkuru kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bw’isazi zera  bwo gutera andi magi.<ref name=":14">https://www.teradignews.rw/ange-kagame-mu-bambariye-umunyamidelikazi-wakoze-ubukwe-numusore-ucuruza-urusenda-amafoto/</ref> [[Dosiye:Chocolate habanero peppers.jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]] === Kubora kw’imitwe y’urusenda (Physiological disorder) === Igice cy’impera y’umutwe w’urusenda kireruruka kikenda kugira ibara ry’ikigina kandi kigasa n’igicukuye umwobo. Iyo urubuto rumaze gukura neza, ibyo bimenyetso birusahho kugaragara maze ibara ry’ahaboze rikijima rijya  kuba umukara.<ref name=":15">https://www.teradignews.rw/ange-kagame-mu-bambariye-umunyamidelikazi-wakoze-ubukwe-numusore-ucuruza-urusenda-amafoto/</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Gufumbira ubutaka bongeramo ishwagara, dolomite, gypsum cyangwa ifumbire ikomoka ku matungo mbere yo guhumbika. * Kuhira kenshi: urusenda rukomeza kurabya no kwera  mu gihe kirekire. Ni ngombwa rero ko ubutaka bwegereye imizi buhora bwuhirwa kugira ngo bukomeze guhehera. * [[Dosiye:Chocolate Habanero peppers (top view) - 13 Nov. 2016.jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]]Irinde inyongeramusaruro zikungahaye cyane kuri Azote. Azote ituma amababi akura cyane ariko imbuto ntizize. Ni ngombwa kongeramo kalisiyumu  ahubwo. [[Dosiye:Chilli pepper harvesting.jpg|thumb|Gusarura Urusenda]] Umusaruro wa toni 30 kugeza kuri 70 kuri hegitari ni wo ufatwa nk’umusaruro mwiza. Muri rusange, urusenda rusarurwa rumaze kwera neza ariko rugifite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi. Bitewe n’ibyifuzo by’umuguzi w’urusenda bashobora kurusarura rumaze guhinduka umuhondo cyangwa umutuku. Mu gihe cy’isarura, gutoranya no gupakira urusenda bigomba gukorwa mu bwitonzi kuko urusenda rwangirika ku buryo bworoshye bityo kururinda kwangirika bituma rutabora.Urusenda rusarurirwa mu makarito yabugenewe ariko ibirango bya ba nyirabyo cyangwa mu bitebo bikoze muri pulasitiki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/urusenda-nindabyo-za-kagame-mu-bibizo-kubera-coronavirus/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226163108/https://rugali.com/urusenda-nindabyo-za-kagame-mu-bibizo-kubera-coronavirus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/imvururu-zikomeye-hagati-ya-bobi-wine-abambari-be-na-polisi-yabamishemo-urusenda</ref> === Gufata neza umusaruro === === Gushyira urusenda mu byiciro === [[Dosiye:-2019-10-29 Pickled Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Cromer (3).JPG|thumb|'''Pickled Cayenne pepper''']] Gushyira urusenda mu byiciro hakurikijwe  ibi bikurikira: # Ibara ry’urusenda # [[Dosiye:13-08-31-wien-redaktionstreffen-EuT-by-Bi-frie-078.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']]Ingano yarwo # Icyiciro rugezeho rwera * Gupakira urusenda rutandukanye hakurikijwe ibyiciro rurimo mbere yo kurugeza ku isoko; [[Dosiye:Chilli Pepper - Garden Longhorn (41719171030).jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:-2020-09-11 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham (2).JPG|thumb|pepper]] Urusenda rupfa ubusa bitewe n’umuhinzi rugera kuri 5-8%.Iyo rutashyizwe mu byiciro neza bikiri ku ruhande rw’umuhinzi urundi rungana na  4-5% rushobora kononekara.<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5015968.html</ref> === Gupakira === [[Dosiye:Pepper Orchard at Imo State University (IMSU) farm, Owerri, Imo State.jpg|thumb|Gusarura urusenda]] Urusenda rushobora gupakirwa mu bikoresho bitandukanye: nk’impapuro zikoze muri pulasitiki, ibikapu bikoze muri pulasitiki cyangwa mu bikarito bikoze mu mpapuro.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160109/https://genesisbizz.com/Nubwo-ruryana-urusenda-n-abantu-ni-urukundo-rumaze-imyaka-ibihumbi-kandi</ref> === Kubika urusenda === * Urusenda rushobora kubikwa ahantu hafutse, hijimye, humutse mu gihe cy’umwaka wose. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe cy’aho urusenda rubitse kigira ingaruka mu ku ibara ry’urusenda kurusha uko rwahinduka bitewe n’urumuri, umwuka, ubwoko bw’igikoresho rubitsemo cyangwa kuba rubitse rukiri rwose cyangwa rukasemo uduce.<ref name=":12" /> [[Dosiye:Bell peppers, Mercado de Arroios, Lisbon, Portugal julesvernex2-2.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] === Gutwara urusenda === Muri rusange abahinzi bageza urusenda ku isoko rya hafi barutwaye  mu ngorofani zikururwa n’ibimasa cyangwa imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi. * Kuva ku masoko rujyanwa hirya hino hakoreshwa imidoka zisanzwe cyangwa izagenewe gutwara imitwaro. Iyo urusenda rupakiwe neza mu bikoresho byabugenewe, rukitabwaho neza igihe rupakirwa cyangwa rupakururwa mu modoka, kandi bigakorwa vuba  bituma hatononekara rwinshi<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15" /> '''Gutunganya urusenda''' [[Dosiye:Farmer's Market Peppers.jpg|thumb|Farmer's Market Peppers]] Urusenda rushobora kuribwa rukiri rubisi cyangwa rwumye kandi rushobora gukorwamo ibiribwa bitandukanye nk’amasosi, ifu y’urusenda, shokola,<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":7" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] 7jj853iastos4in9lpuijylyd5y59w4 0 14347 136876 136149 2026-09-14T13:07:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus 'Azhurnyi' kz03.jpg|thumb|Imbija]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus 'Azhurnyi' kz02.jpg|left|thumb]] Imbwija ni zimwe mu mboga z’amababi  zeramuri Afurika, zagaragaje ko ziri mu musaruro w’ibihingwa utanga ikizere bitewe n’uko zihanganira ubushyuhe, amapfa, indwara n’ibyonnyi, urugero runini rw’intungamubiri zigira haba mu mbuto ndetse no mu mababi (Onyango, 2003).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ko-kurya-imbwija/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161650/https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ko-kurya-imbwija/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/reba-akamaro-gakomeye-utari-uzi-ku-buzima-bwawe-no-ku-ruhu-ko-kurya-imboga-za</ref> [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus Szarłat wiechowaty 2017-10-15 03.jpg|thumb|imboga]] [[Dosiye:Salad greens and vegetables - Cambridge, MA.jpg|thumb|334x334px|imbwijaaa]] Amababi n’amashami biraryohera, ni isoko nziza y’ubutare (38.5mg/100g), kalisiyumu (350-400mg/100g), vitamini-A na C. Umunyu wa oxalate ku rugero rwo hejuru (1-2%) na nitarate (1.8-8.8g/kg iyo byumye) biboneka mu mababi y’amoko atandukanye y’imbwija (Gopalakrishnan, 2007).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Imbwija ziboneka mu gice kinini hagati y’imirongo mbariro toropike zombi no munsi yazo. Imbwija ni igihingwa kigira amababi yo mu bihe by’ubushyuhe, kibereye ibihe ikirere gishyushye kirimo ubuhehere bwinshi.Imbwija zihingwa igihe cyose cy’umwaka hagati ya za toropike. Imbwija zitukura zikenera urumuri rw’izuba ruhagije kugira ngo ibara ritukura riboneke. Ubwoko busarurwaho imbuto, ''A. caudatus, A. cruentus, A. edulis'' bwera neza mu gihe igihe cy’amanywa kiba kigufi naho ubwoko ''A. hypochondriacus'' bukaba ari imberabyombi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Kwikorera mwibase.jpg|thumb|Imbwija ni ubwoko bw'imboga rwatsi]] === Amoko y’imbwija === Ukeneye guhinga imbwija zisarurwaho imbuto, dore amwe mu moko yazo: ''Amaranthus caudatus Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus , Amaranthus retroflexus.'' Ushaka guhinga imbwija zisarurwa amababi, dore bumwe mu bwoko bwiza: ''Amaranthus cruentus,  Amaranthus blitum, Amaranthus dubius, Amarantus hypocondriacus                          Amaranthus retroflexus, Amarantus blitum na Amaranthus Dubius.''<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/amaranth |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161645/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/amaranth |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ubuhumbikiro === Ubutaka bubanza guhingwa neza bukaringanizwa. Bashyirwamo ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza iseye ikanoga neza. Ishyirwa mu murima ku rugero rwa Toni 20-25 /ha mu gihe cyo kuringaniza umurima bwa nyuma.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LwZS6iq_SE</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Gutera ingemwe z’imbwija === Hakenewe imbuto zingana na 0.5 kg kuri ha (5g kuri 1 are). Imbuto zigomba guturuka ku bimera bifite ubuzima bwiza cyangwa mu bigo bizwi kandi byemewe.Mu buryo bwo gutera ako kanya mu murima, ubutaka bwo guteraho bugomba kuba bwigiye hejuru, imirongo yo guteramo ikaba icishijwe agati kugeza kuri cm 0.5 z’ubujyakuzimu. Kuko imbuto z’imbwija ziba ari nto cyane zivangwa n’umucanga useye neza bikanyanyagizwa ku rugero rumwe mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 40. Imbuto mu mirongo zitwikirizwa n’agacanga cyangwa agataka gake, hanyuma bagasasira imitabo iyo isaso ihari. Hakurikiraho kuhira udasiba.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LwZS6iq_SE</ref> Mu buryo bwo gutera ingemwe, hagati y’iminsi 22-25 zishyizwe mu buhumbikiro, ingemwe zirabyarurwa zigaterwa ku mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 40 x 30.<ref name=":3">https://murukali.com/products/amarath-green-imbwija</ref> [[Dosiye:Green Leafy Vegetables.jpg|thumb|imboga rwatsi]] === Kwita ku gihingwa cy'imboga === === Gukoresha ifumbire y’imborera n’imvaruganda === Imbwija zikenera ifumbire nyinshi ariko zigatanga umusaruro mwinshi cyane. Uretse Toni 20-25 z’ifumbire y’imborera, kg 120:50:50 za NPK kuri hegitari imwe zirakenewe. Mu gihe cyo gutera ingemwe hashyirwamo kg 33/ha, hagashyirwamo kg 33/ha nyuma y’ibyumweru bine ingemwe zitewe na kg 86/ha nyuma y’ibyumweru umunani ingemwe zitewe.<ref name=":4">https://intambwenews.com/category/ubuzima/</ref><ref name=":2" /> === Indwara n’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko ku mboga === [[Dosiye:Rau - Vegetables.jpg|thumb|imbwija nizindi mboga]] Amababi asa n’ayababutse (''Rhizoctonia'' sp.) n’umugese w’umweru ni zo ndwara z’ingenzi zibasira ubuhinzi bw’imbwija. Amababi asa n’ayababutse ni yo ifata cyane imbwija mu gihe cy’imvura, iyo hari ubushyuhe n’ubuhehere bwinshi. Mu bimenyetso byayo harimo utudomo tw’umweru tugenda tugaragara ku mababi bituma umusaruro utagurwa ku isoko.<ref name=":5">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/gashora-bamaze-kwiteza-imbere-babikesha-imboga-zikurwamo-ifu</ref><ref name=":3" /> ==== Uko bayirwanya: ==== * Gutera imbuto z’imbwija z’icyatsi z’ubwoko bwihangana mu gihe cy’imvura. * Kwirinda kuhira umisha amazi ku mababi; * Gutera umuti wa mancozeb ku rugero rwa g 4 g/l y’amaganga y’inka. Uterwa rimwe mu cyumweru ukabihagarika hasigaye iminsi 14 no usarure kugirango ugabanye ingaruka ziterwa n’imiti isigara ku bihingwa/umusaruro.<ref name=":6">https://bwiza.com/?Amarante-ibyo-kurya-byiza-cyane-ku-bana-AMARANTE-GRAINE</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> === Gusarura imbwija === Imbwija zisarurwa amababi barazirandura cyangwa bagakata amababi. Iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kurandura, imbuto zikuze zisoromwa ku minsi 30, 45 na 55 nyuma yo gutera. Zigifite imizi yazo zirozwa zikoherezwa ku isoko zifunze mu mifungo mito mito. Naho imbwija zisarurwaho imbuto zo zisarurwa iyo amababi hafi ya yose yahindutse umuhondo,amahundo yahindutse ikigina naho Imbuto zahindutse umukara.Amahundo amaze gukatwa ategereza ku mbuga kugira ngo yume. Iyo amaze kuma ahurwa hakoreshejwe ikibando kugira ngo imbuto zivemo. Hanyuma imbuto ziragosorwa umwanda ugashiramo.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/huye-ubuyobozi-burasaba-abakirisitu-gukora-ivugabutumwa-rishingiye-ku-bikorwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161647/https://www.isangostar.rw/huye-ubuyobozi-burasaba-abakirisitu-gukora-ivugabutumwa-rishingiye-ku-bikorwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kwita ku musaruro no guhunika imbwija === Imbwija ni imboga zangirika ubusa, zikaba zisaba kwitonderwa kugira ngo zidatakaza ubwiza bwazo n’intungamubiri. Gutakaza ubwiza bw’imbwija nyuma yo gusarurwa bigaragarira kuri ibi bikurikira: * Guhinduka umuhondo kubera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi ( Chlorophyll); * Kuraba no gutakaza ireme; * Kubora. Nyuma yo gusarurwa, imbwija zibikwa mu mufuka kan<ref name=":4" />di zikagurishwa uwo munsi kugira ngo wirinde ko zatakaza ubwiza bwazo.  Igihe bishoboka ko zabikwa mu byuma bikonjesha byazifasha kugumana ubwiza bwazo.<ref name=":3" /> Iyo imbwija zisarurwaho imbuto zimaze gusarurwa, ni ngombwa kuzanika zikuma neza mbere yo kuzibika, naho ubundi zazana uruhumbu. Zanikwa ku nkoko ku zuba cyangwa mu nzu hafi y’isoko y’uushyuhe. Genda uzikorakora kenshi kugeza zumye neza. Zibike ahantu hatinjira umwuka, hafutse kandi humutse mu gihe cy’amezi 6.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibyo-kurya-7-byagufasha-kongera-amaraso</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] g0im51zhj3lo154me3z5iojp9hytqsz 0 14350 137055 136012 2026-09-14T13:12:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137055 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inzuzi z' ibihaza.jpg|thumb|utubuto twibihaza]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Cucurbita pepo accidental hybrid Acchini.jpg|thumb|Igihaza]] [[Dosiye:2019-07-01 (100) Hanging leaves of Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo Zucchini (zucchini) at Bichlhäusl, Tiefgrabenrotte, Frankenfels, Austria.jpg|thumb|Igihaza]] Igihaza ni ikiribwa cyo mu bwoko bw’imboga gifite ishusho y’umubumbe, gifite uruhurukomeye rufite imihiro rukagira amabara y’umuhondo mwinshi cyangwa oranje. Igishishwa cyacyo ni kigari, kirakomeye kandi gifitemo imbere inzuzi n’igice kiribwa. Ibice byose by’igihaza biraribwa. Igahaza kibisi ni byiza kugiteka mu mazi, kugiteka mu ifuru cyangwa kugishyira mu isosi kugira ngo ifate. Inzuzi z’igihaza zumye ziryoha zikaranze bakaminjiraho umunyu. Ibisusa bitarakomera  ndetse n’ubututu bitekwa nk’izindi mboga rwatsi.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Hindiro-Umugabo-atunzwe-no-guhinga-amadegede-abandi-basuzuguraga</ref> === AMOKO Y’IBIHAZA === * '''Uduhaza duto:''' ubwoko bw’uduhaza duto buba bwiza ku meza mu gihe cy’ikiruhuko. Ni ubwoko bugira uruyuzi rutondagira. Bwerera iminsi hagati ya 90 -100. Uduhaza duto natwo tubamo amoko atandukanye nka “Jack Be”, “Wee-B-Little“ na “Munchkin” dukundwa cyane n’Abanyamerika. Uduhaza duto turera cyane kandi  kuduhinga biroroha, rimwe na rimwe dushobora kwera ibihaza nka 12 ku ruyuzi rumwe.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Dosiye:Courgette plant begin augustus (Cucurbita pepo in August).jpg|thumb|Igihaza]]'''Ibihaza binini (ibihaza bya Nyirankuba):''' Ubwoko bw’ibihaza binini bya “Dill’s Atlantic Giant’ jumbo” bushobora gukura kugeza ku biro birenga 90. Ni ubwoko bwiza ku bahinzi bashaka guhinga ubwoko bw’ibihaza binini. Uruyuzi rwabyo rurakura rukagera kuri metero nka 7-8, ni yo mpamvu kuzitera zitandukanye ari ngombwa. Byerera iminsi kuva ku 130 kugeza ku minsi 160, bityo rero ni byiza kubihinga hakiri kare. Bisaba gufumbira bihagije kandi kuzihingira si nhombwa kugeza isuka hasi mu butaka. Nyuma y’uko uruyuzi rutangiye kuzana ururabo bwa mbere, ni ngombwa guca ubututu 2 cyangwa 3 bwa mbere bwa kigore kugira ngo uruyuzi rukure rugara mu mpande, ruzane ibisusa byinshi mbere yo gutangira gutera ( kuzana uduhaza). Ni ngombwa kureka igihaza kimwe kigakura no gukuraho ubututu bwa kigore bwose bumera nyuma y’uko igihaza cya mbere kimaze kuza ku ruyuzi. Ni ngombwa gucunga uruyuzi kugira ngo mu mahuriro y’ingingo hatinjira cyane  mu butaka bigatuma uruyuzi ruvunika.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=361797ca5a03511afe9c47ac1b5a8a13d71&vario=38ae9c7ebfb68ea795483d270f5934b71d</ref> [[Dosiye:Pumpkin dessert.jpg|thumb|224x224px|Ibihaza bitetse]] '''Ibihaza byiza bibereye gutekwamo indyo zikuzwa:''' ‘Sugar Treat’ni ubwoko budakururumba cyane, bwiza bwo gutekamo indyo zo kwikuza cyangwa kubuteka mu ifuru. Bwerera iminsi hagati y’100 na 120. Ubwoko bwa “Hijinks” na ‘’Baby Bear’’ ni ubwoko bukundwa n’Abantu benshi * bugira igihaza kiryoha . ‘’Cinderella’s Carriage’’ nabwo ni ubwoko buryoha butetse ukwabwo cyangwa mu isosi. ‘Peanut Pumpkin’ nabwo ni ubwoko butanga igihaza kiryoha  bwaribwa mu ndyo zikuzwa cyangwa  mu nombe. * '''Ibihaza by’amabara:''' ‘Jarrahdale’ ni ubwoko bw’ibihaza bugira ibara risa n’ubururu bujya kuba icyatsi kibisi;  buba bwiza mu gutegura ibiribwa ku meza ngo bigaragare neza. ‘’Pepitas Pumpkin’’ ni ibihaza bifite ibara rya oranje rivanze n’icyatsi kibisi  naho “Super Moon’’ ni  igihaza kinini gifite ibara ryera.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/umurimo/article/uko-igihaza-gikomeje-gufasha-mukagahima-kwiteza-imbere</ref> == Indwara == '''Indwara y’imvura: iterwa na''' mikorobe za Bagiteri zitera ibifu byera biboza inzuzi. Ni yo ndwara rusange y’inzuzi.Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira mu gihe ikirere gishyushye cyangwa gikonje mu gihe inzuzi zikiri ntoya zitangiye kubyibuha neza. Iyi ndwara iyo ifashe uruyuzi irihuta cyane maze ikarwangiza vuba cyane.Indwara igitangira yigaragaza irema ibibara by’umuhondo cyangwa icyatsi kibisi cyerurutse ku mababiIgice cyo hasi cy’amababi gitangira gukuza indwara kigahindura isura kikijima. Ibyo bibara bihinduka umukara naho amababi agapfa burundu.<ref>https://igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/tuyambaze-na-bagenzi-be-basoje-kaminuza-bajya-guteza-imbere-made-in-rwanda</ref>[[Dosiye:Inzuzi z' ibihaza.jpg|thumb|Inzuzi z'ibihaza]] '''Kirabiranya:''' Iyi ndwara irangwa no kuraba no guhinduka urwirungu kw’amababi.  Kenshi na kenshi amababi agarura ubuyanja mu masaha ya nimugoroba, ariko mu gitondo akongera kuraba nka mbere kandi noheho uburwayi bukagenda burushaho gukara umunsi ku wundi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2023/02/16/wari-uziko-kurya-ibihaza-birinda-zimwe-mu-ndwara-zikomeye-menya-akamaro-ko-kurya-ibihaza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226164811/https://rwandanews24.rw/2023/02/16/wari-uziko-kurya-ibihaza-birinda-zimwe-mu-ndwara-zikomeye-menya-akamaro-ko-kurya-ibihaza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kwirinda indwara ==== Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda inzuzi indwara iyo ari yo yose hakubiyemo: * '''Kuvomerera mu gitondo cyangwa ku manywa gusa:''' Kwirinda kuvomerera mu masaha atinze ya nyuma ya saa sita cyangwa ya nijoro. Indwara y’ibifu biboza inzuzi ndetse n’izindi ndwara ifata mu gihe hahehereye. Kuvomerera mu masaha ya nijoro ni nko kwenyegeza umuriro. Kuvomerera mu gitondo bituma izuba rihita ryumisha amababi vuba cyane.Kuvomerera nijoro bituma amababi ahehera ijoro ryose kugeza mu gitondo. Igihe haje ubushyuhe mu ijoro amababi atose yorohereza kororoka kw’indwara y’ibifu biboza.<ref name=":1" /> * [[Dosiye:Courgette plant begin augustus (Cucurbita pepo in August) (1).jpg|left|thumb]]'''Kuvomerera imizi gusa n’imigozi y’inzuzi:'''Kuvomerera hakoreshejwe umupira birinda amababi ubuhehere bw’inyongera ari bwo butera kororoka kw’indwara. Umupira uvomerera bawurambika ureba hasi kugira ngo birinde kumena amazi ku mababi.<ref name=":2">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226164810/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/pumpkins</ref> * '''Gutera imiti yica ubukoko mu rwego rwo gukumira indwara mbere y’uko zifata inzuzi:''' Umuti wica udukoko ushobora kurinda inzuzi. Ni byiza gutangira gutera imiti yica ubukoko hakiri kare mbere y’uko indwara zitangira gufata inzuzi. Mu gihe inzuzi zafashwe, wahita utera uwo muti. Iyo utewe hakiri kare bishobora gutuma igihingwa cyisubira kikaba kizima n’ubwo amababi yafashwe atakongera gusa neza. Indwara z’inzuzi zishobora gufata igice cyo hejuru cy’amababi cyangwa zigafata igice cyo hasi, zishobora gufata umugozi utereyeho ibabi cyangwa ku giti cyose.  Ni yo mpamvu umuti wica ubukoko uterwa ku bice byose bigize uruyuzi.<ref name=":1" /> * '''Gurandura  inzuzi zirwaye mu murima:  '''Si byiza gutaba inzuzi zirwaye mu murima cyangwa kuzikoramo ifumbire kuko mikorobi zitera indwara zishobora kubaho igihe kinini mu butaka cyangwa muri iyo fumbire maze zikazanduza ibihingwa by’imyaka izaza. Rimwe na rimwe, uburyo bakora ifumbire y’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa ntabwo ubushyuhe buzamo buba buhagije ngo bitange icyizere ko bwakwica mikorobe. Ni ngombwa kujugunya inzuzi zanduye cyangwa zikajyanwa n’abashinzwe gutwara imyanda bazakoramo ibindi bintu.<ref name=":2" /> === Ibyonnyi === Ibyonnyi rusange by’umurima w’ibihaza ni ibi bikurikira: [[Dosiye:Four-striped Grass Mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) eating wild fruit ... (45382859104).jpg|thumb|Imbeba bimwe mubyonyi byibihaza]] '''Inkwavu:''' inkwavu zikunda ubwatsi butoshye n’imitwe yabwo hamwe n’imbuto zitarakomera zikiri nto. Kwirinda inkwavu bisaba kuzihiga, kuzitega, kuzirukana  gushyiraho uruzitiro cyangwa utuyungirizo twabugenewe. '''Imbeba n’ifuku:''' Ibi byonnyi bicukura mu butaka bikangiza imizi y’uruyuzi. Kwrinda imbeba n’ifuku bisaba kuzitega cyangwa gutega umuti wica imbeba. '''Inkima n’inkende''': Inkima n’inkende zirya inzuzi z’ibihaza. Zicukura igihaza maze zigakuramo inzuzi.  Kuzirinda bisaba kunyanyagiza urusenda rushyushye mu murima w’ibihaza kugira ngo zijye kure y’ibihaza bikuze. Urusenda ruterwa inshuro nyinshi na buri gihe nyuma y’uko imvura iguye. Inkima n’inkende nazo wazirinda ukoresheje imitego yazo cyangwa umuti. '''Isiha:''' ibyo kurya byazo ni imbuto ziryoshye, zeze neza(cyangwa zenda kwera). Kuzihiga no kuzitega ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwiza  bwo kuziirinda.<ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Callosobruchus chinensis (Linné, 1758) male.jpg|thumb|Ibivumvuri biri mubyona uduhaza tukiri duto]] '''''Ibivumvuri byangiza uduhaza turibwa ari tubisi,''  uduhunduguru, ibivumvuri byangiza ibihaza  n’inda z’ibihaza.''' '''''Ibivumvuri byangiza uduhaza turibwa ari tubisi''''':  bigira ibakwe mu kwangiza ku buryo mu kanya gato biba biyogoje igice kinini cy’umurima w’ibihaza. Igice cy’uruyuzi bikunda kurya cyane ni ubututu bukiri bushyashya bw’umuhondo hamwe n’amababi.<ref name=":2" /> '''Ibivumvuri byangiza ibihaza:''' birya igiti cy’uruyuzi kandi zishobora kwangiza inzuzi zikiri nto. '''Uduhunduguru: tu'''garagara nk’aho twitwaje intwaro nto zikagira ishusho nk’iy’ingabo ku mugongo wazo. Dusa n’ikijuju kijya kuba umukara n’udutwe dusa na oranje. Dushobora kwirasa rimwe tukihisha ukatubura.<ref name=":2" />   '''Inda z’ibihaza''':ikimenyetso cya mbere kigaragara ku nzuzi zanduye iyi ndwara n’uko amababi atoshye akiri mato atangira kwihinahina. Iyo ugenzuye neza wegereye uruyuzi ubona utwo dukoko duto twinshi cyane tunyunyuza amatembabuzi ku gice cy’inyuma cy’amababi. Dushobora no kwangiza cyane indabo z’ingore no gushwanyuza utubuto tugitangira kumera. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’utu dukoko mu murima muto, umuhinzi akoresha uburyo bwo gusuka amazi menshi ku nzuzi. Bituma udukoko duhunguka ku nzuzi bikanagabanya ubukana twari tuzanye bwo kwangiza. Ibyo bituma udukoko tw’utugore dufatwa.Igihe ufite umurima utari munini, ushobora guhangana n’utu dukoko ukadufata kamwe kamwe ukwako ukadushyira mu kintu kirimo amazi y’isabune na amoniya.Kugira ngo hagabanuke iyororoka ry’utu dukoko, mu gihe cy’imvura hakorwa ifumbire y’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa, kandi umuhinzi agahinga ageza isuka hasi cyane ku buryo udukoko tutabona ahantu twihisha mu mvura. Uruhavu cyangwa inkengero zizitiye umurima zigahora zisukuye ibyatsi bibi bigakurwaho n’isuka cyangwa bikarandurwa. Guhinga imirongo y’Ibihwagari yafi y’umurima  w’inzuzi na byo bifasha kurinda udukoko. Ibi bisaba ko igihe cyo kwera kibarwa neza ku buryo Ibihwagari bitangira kuzana ururabo mbere gato y’inzuzi. Udukoko nk’ibivumvuri byangiza uduhaza turibwa aritubisi dukururwa n’umuhondo ukeye  w’imitwe y’Ibihwagari. Iyo utu dukoko atari twinshi duhugira ku bihwagari bityo ntitujye kwangiza n’inzuzi. Igihe bibaye ngombwa ko hakoreshwa imiti yica ubukoko, ni byiza gukoresha imiti itangiza ibidukikije.<ref name=":2" /> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] 1s57i2r3lw5mbjnfkqv3ivwgr1jgt1w 137120 137055 2026-09-14T13:18:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137120 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inzuzi z' ibihaza.jpg|thumb|utubuto twibihaza]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Cucurbita pepo accidental hybrid Acchini.jpg|thumb|Igihaza]] [[Dosiye:2019-07-01 (100) Hanging leaves of Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo Zucchini (zucchini) at Bichlhäusl, Tiefgrabenrotte, Frankenfels, Austria.jpg|thumb|Igihaza]] Igihaza ni ikiribwa cyo mu bwoko bw’imboga gifite ishusho y’umubumbe, gifite uruhurukomeye rufite imihiro rukagira amabara y’umuhondo mwinshi cyangwa oranje. Igishishwa cyacyo ni kigari, kirakomeye kandi gifitemo imbere inzuzi n’igice kiribwa. Ibice byose by’igihaza biraribwa. Igahaza kibisi ni byiza kugiteka mu mazi, kugiteka mu ifuru cyangwa kugishyira mu isosi kugira ngo ifate. Inzuzi z’igihaza zumye ziryoha zikaranze bakaminjiraho umunyu. Ibisusa bitarakomera  ndetse n’ubututu bitekwa nk’izindi mboga rwatsi.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Hindiro-Umugabo-atunzwe-no-guhinga-amadegede-abandi-basuzuguraga</ref> === Amoko y’ibihaza === * '''Uduhaza duto:''' ubwoko bw’uduhaza duto buba bwiza ku meza mu gihe cy’ikiruhuko. Ni ubwoko bugira uruyuzi rutondagira. Bwerera iminsi hagati ya 90 -100. Uduhaza duto natwo tubamo amoko atandukanye nka “Jack Be”, “Wee-B-Little“ na “Munchkin” dukundwa cyane n’Abanyamerika. Uduhaza duto turera cyane kandi  kuduhinga biroroha, rimwe na rimwe dushobora kwera ibihaza nka 12 ku ruyuzi rumwe.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Dosiye:Courgette plant begin augustus (Cucurbita pepo in August).jpg|thumb|Igihaza]]'''Ibihaza binini (ibihaza bya Nyirankuba):''' Ubwoko bw’ibihaza binini bya “Dill’s Atlantic Giant’ jumbo” bushobora gukura kugeza ku biro birenga 90. Ni ubwoko bwiza ku bahinzi bashaka guhinga ubwoko bw’ibihaza binini. Uruyuzi rwabyo rurakura rukagera kuri metero nka 7-8, ni yo mpamvu kuzitera zitandukanye ari ngombwa. Byerera iminsi kuva ku 130 kugeza ku minsi 160, bityo rero ni byiza kubihinga hakiri kare. Bisaba gufumbira bihagije kandi kuzihingira si nhombwa kugeza isuka hasi mu butaka. Nyuma y’uko uruyuzi rutangiye kuzana ururabo bwa mbere, ni ngombwa guca ubututu 2 cyangwa 3 bwa mbere bwa kigore kugira ngo uruyuzi rukure rugara mu mpande, ruzane ibisusa byinshi mbere yo gutangira gutera ( kuzana uduhaza). Ni ngombwa kureka igihaza kimwe kigakura no gukuraho ubututu bwa kigore bwose bumera nyuma y’uko igihaza cya mbere kimaze kuza ku ruyuzi. Ni ngombwa gucunga uruyuzi kugira ngo mu mahuriro y’ingingo hatinjira cyane  mu butaka bigatuma uruyuzi ruvunika.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=361797ca5a03511afe9c47ac1b5a8a13d71&vario=38ae9c7ebfb68ea795483d270f5934b71d</ref> [[Dosiye:Pumpkin dessert.jpg|thumb|224x224px|Ibihaza bitetse]] '''Ibihaza byiza bibereye gutekwamo indyo zikuzwa:''' ‘Sugar Treat’ni ubwoko budakururumba cyane, bwiza bwo gutekamo indyo zo kwikuza cyangwa kubuteka mu ifuru. Bwerera iminsi hagati y’100 na 120. Ubwoko bwa “Hijinks” na ‘’Baby Bear’’ ni ubwoko bukundwa n’Abantu benshi * bugira igihaza kiryoha . ‘’Cinderella’s Carriage’’ nabwo ni ubwoko buryoha butetse ukwabwo cyangwa mu isosi. ‘Peanut Pumpkin’ nabwo ni ubwoko butanga igihaza kiryoha  bwaribwa mu ndyo zikuzwa cyangwa  mu nombe. * '''Ibihaza by’amabara:''' ‘Jarrahdale’ ni ubwoko bw’ibihaza bugira ibara risa n’ubururu bujya kuba icyatsi kibisi;  buba bwiza mu gutegura ibiribwa ku meza ngo bigaragare neza. ‘’Pepitas Pumpkin’’ ni ibihaza bifite ibara rya oranje rivanze n’icyatsi kibisi  naho “Super Moon’’ ni  igihaza kinini gifite ibara ryera.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/umurimo/article/uko-igihaza-gikomeje-gufasha-mukagahima-kwiteza-imbere</ref> == Indwara == '''Indwara y’imvura: iterwa na''' mikorobe za Bagiteri zitera ibifu byera biboza inzuzi. Ni yo ndwara rusange y’inzuzi.Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira mu gihe ikirere gishyushye cyangwa gikonje mu gihe inzuzi zikiri ntoya zitangiye kubyibuha neza. Iyi ndwara iyo ifashe uruyuzi irihuta cyane maze ikarwangiza vuba cyane.Indwara igitangira yigaragaza irema ibibara by’umuhondo cyangwa icyatsi kibisi cyerurutse ku mababiIgice cyo hasi cy’amababi gitangira gukuza indwara kigahindura isura kikijima. Ibyo bibara bihinduka umukara naho amababi agapfa burundu.<ref>https://igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/tuyambaze-na-bagenzi-be-basoje-kaminuza-bajya-guteza-imbere-made-in-rwanda</ref>[[Dosiye:Inzuzi z' ibihaza.jpg|thumb|Inzuzi z'ibihaza]] '''Kirabiranya:''' Iyi ndwara irangwa no kuraba no guhinduka urwirungu kw’amababi.  Kenshi na kenshi amababi agarura ubuyanja mu masaha ya nimugoroba, ariko mu gitondo akongera kuraba nka mbere kandi noheho uburwayi bukagenda burushaho gukara umunsi ku wundi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2023/02/16/wari-uziko-kurya-ibihaza-birinda-zimwe-mu-ndwara-zikomeye-menya-akamaro-ko-kurya-ibihaza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226164811/https://rwandanews24.rw/2023/02/16/wari-uziko-kurya-ibihaza-birinda-zimwe-mu-ndwara-zikomeye-menya-akamaro-ko-kurya-ibihaza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kwirinda indwara ==== Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda inzuzi indwara iyo ari yo yose hakubiyemo: * '''Kuvomerera mu gitondo cyangwa ku manywa gusa:''' Kwirinda kuvomerera mu masaha atinze ya nyuma ya saa sita cyangwa ya nijoro. Indwara y’ibifu biboza inzuzi ndetse n’izindi ndwara ifata mu gihe hahehereye. Kuvomerera mu masaha ya nijoro ni nko kwenyegeza umuriro. Kuvomerera mu gitondo bituma izuba rihita ryumisha amababi vuba cyane.Kuvomerera nijoro bituma amababi ahehera ijoro ryose kugeza mu gitondo. Igihe haje ubushyuhe mu ijoro amababi atose yorohereza kororoka kw’indwara y’ibifu biboza.<ref name=":1" /> * [[Dosiye:Courgette plant begin augustus (Cucurbita pepo in August) (1).jpg|left|thumb]]'''Kuvomerera imizi gusa n’imigozi y’inzuzi:'''Kuvomerera hakoreshejwe umupira birinda amababi ubuhehere bw’inyongera ari bwo butera kororoka kw’indwara. Umupira uvomerera bawurambika ureba hasi kugira ngo birinde kumena amazi ku mababi.<ref name=":2">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226164810/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/pumpkins</ref> * '''Gutera imiti yica ubukoko mu rwego rwo gukumira indwara mbere y’uko zifata inzuzi:''' Umuti wica udukoko ushobora kurinda inzuzi. Ni byiza gutangira gutera imiti yica ubukoko hakiri kare mbere y’uko indwara zitangira gufata inzuzi. Mu gihe inzuzi zafashwe, wahita utera uwo muti. Iyo utewe hakiri kare bishobora gutuma igihingwa cyisubira kikaba kizima n’ubwo amababi yafashwe atakongera gusa neza. Indwara z’inzuzi zishobora gufata igice cyo hejuru cy’amababi cyangwa zigafata igice cyo hasi, zishobora gufata umugozi utereyeho ibabi cyangwa ku giti cyose.  Ni yo mpamvu umuti wica ubukoko uterwa ku bice byose bigize uruyuzi.<ref name=":1" /> * '''Gurandura  inzuzi zirwaye mu murima:  '''Si byiza gutaba inzuzi zirwaye mu murima cyangwa kuzikoramo ifumbire kuko mikorobi zitera indwara zishobora kubaho igihe kinini mu butaka cyangwa muri iyo fumbire maze zikazanduza ibihingwa by’imyaka izaza. Rimwe na rimwe, uburyo bakora ifumbire y’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa ntabwo ubushyuhe buzamo buba buhagije ngo bitange icyizere ko bwakwica mikorobe. Ni ngombwa kujugunya inzuzi zanduye cyangwa zikajyanwa n’abashinzwe gutwara imyanda bazakoramo ibindi bintu.<ref name=":2" /> === Ibyonnyi === Ibyonnyi rusange by’umurima w’ibihaza ni ibi bikurikira: [[Dosiye:Four-striped Grass Mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) eating wild fruit ... (45382859104).jpg|thumb|Imbeba bimwe mubyonyi byibihaza]] '''Inkwavu:''' inkwavu zikunda ubwatsi butoshye n’imitwe yabwo hamwe n’imbuto zitarakomera zikiri nto. Kwirinda inkwavu bisaba kuzihiga, kuzitega, kuzirukana  gushyiraho uruzitiro cyangwa utuyungirizo twabugenewe. '''Imbeba n’ifuku:''' Ibi byonnyi bicukura mu butaka bikangiza imizi y’uruyuzi. Kwrinda imbeba n’ifuku bisaba kuzitega cyangwa gutega umuti wica imbeba. '''Inkima n’inkende''': Inkima n’inkende zirya inzuzi z’ibihaza. Zicukura igihaza maze zigakuramo inzuzi.  Kuzirinda bisaba kunyanyagiza urusenda rushyushye mu murima w’ibihaza kugira ngo zijye kure y’ibihaza bikuze. Urusenda ruterwa inshuro nyinshi na buri gihe nyuma y’uko imvura iguye. Inkima n’inkende nazo wazirinda ukoresheje imitego yazo cyangwa umuti. '''Isiha:''' ibyo kurya byazo ni imbuto ziryoshye, zeze neza(cyangwa zenda kwera). Kuzihiga no kuzitega ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwiza  bwo kuziirinda.<ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Callosobruchus chinensis (Linné, 1758) male.jpg|thumb|Ibivumvuri biri mubyona uduhaza tukiri duto]] '''''Ibivumvuri byangiza uduhaza turibwa ari tubisi,''  uduhunduguru, ibivumvuri byangiza ibihaza  n’inda z’ibihaza.''' '''''Ibivumvuri byangiza uduhaza turibwa ari tubisi''''':  bigira ibakwe mu kwangiza ku buryo mu kanya gato biba biyogoje igice kinini cy’umurima w’ibihaza. Igice cy’uruyuzi bikunda kurya cyane ni ubututu bukiri bushyashya bw’umuhondo hamwe n’amababi.<ref name=":2" /> '''Ibivumvuri byangiza ibihaza:''' birya igiti cy’uruyuzi kandi zishobora kwangiza inzuzi zikiri nto. '''Uduhunduguru: tu'''garagara nk’aho twitwaje intwaro nto zikagira ishusho nk’iy’ingabo ku mugongo wazo. Dusa n’ikijuju kijya kuba umukara n’udutwe dusa na oranje. Dushobora kwirasa rimwe tukihisha ukatubura.<ref name=":2" />   '''Inda z’ibihaza''':ikimenyetso cya mbere kigaragara ku nzuzi zanduye iyi ndwara n’uko amababi atoshye akiri mato atangira kwihinahina. Iyo ugenzuye neza wegereye uruyuzi ubona utwo dukoko duto twinshi cyane tunyunyuza amatembabuzi ku gice cy’inyuma cy’amababi. Dushobora no kwangiza cyane indabo z’ingore no gushwanyuza utubuto tugitangira kumera. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’utu dukoko mu murima muto, umuhinzi akoresha uburyo bwo gusuka amazi menshi ku nzuzi. Bituma udukoko duhunguka ku nzuzi bikanagabanya ubukana twari tuzanye bwo kwangiza. Ibyo bituma udukoko tw’utugore dufatwa.Igihe ufite umurima utari munini, ushobora guhangana n’utu dukoko ukadufata kamwe kamwe ukwako ukadushyira mu kintu kirimo amazi y’isabune na amoniya.Kugira ngo hagabanuke iyororoka ry’utu dukoko, mu gihe cy’imvura hakorwa ifumbire y’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa, kandi umuhinzi agahinga ageza isuka hasi cyane ku buryo udukoko tutabona ahantu twihisha mu mvura. Uruhavu cyangwa inkengero zizitiye umurima zigahora zisukuye ibyatsi bibi bigakurwaho n’isuka cyangwa bikarandurwa. Guhinga imirongo y’Ibihwagari yafi y’umurima  w’inzuzi na byo bifasha kurinda udukoko. Ibi bisaba ko igihe cyo kwera kibarwa neza ku buryo Ibihwagari bitangira kuzana ururabo mbere gato y’inzuzi. Udukoko nk’ibivumvuri byangiza uduhaza turibwa aritubisi dukururwa n’umuhondo ukeye  w’imitwe y’Ibihwagari. Iyo utu dukoko atari twinshi duhugira ku bihwagari bityo ntitujye kwangiza n’inzuzi. Igihe bibaye ngombwa ko hakoreshwa imiti yica ubukoko, ni byiza gukoresha imiti itangiza ibidukikije.<ref name=":2" /> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] tke6e9ghegzevdqblzgkozwdgby3v22 0 14352 137056 136018 2026-09-14T13:12:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137056 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:3 species of passionfruit.jpg|thumb|Amatunda|277x277px]] [[Dosiye:Funchal Public Market - 13.jpg|thumb|amatunda|293x293px]] [[Dosiye:Passion fruit red2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Passion-fruit-munhoven.JPG|thumb|Passion-fruit-munhoven]] [[Dosiye:"Passion fruit".jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Passion fruit 700.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Passiflora Edulis Open Fruit2.jpg|thumb]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Purple passionfruit.jpg|thumb|Amatunda]] [[Dosiye:Wrinkled brown passionfruit.jpg|left|thumb]] Amatunda cyangwa Marakuja ni [[igiti]] kirandaranda gifite inkomoko muri [[Burezile|Brezile]]. Muri rusange ni igihingwa kitarama, kibaho igihe gito (hagati y`imyaka 5-7). Ni igihingwa gikura vuba cyane kirandaranda cyihuta, gifite igiti gikomeye. [[Urubuto]] rw'itunda rugira ishusho y'uruziga cyangwa ishusho y'igi rukagira uburebure bugera kuri cm 10 n'uburemere bugera kuri  g 90. Imbere mu itunda habamo agahu gatwikiriye urusukume ruhumura neza rugizwe n`imbuto zijya z' umuhondo ujya gutukura zivanze n`umutobe zishobora kugera kuri 250, ziba ari nto, zikomeye, zisa n'ikigina cyijimye cyangwa zikaba umukara. Amatunda akungahaye kuri vitamini A na C, akize kandi ku munyu wa Potasiyumu, Karisiyumu, Ubutare n`izindi ntungamubiri. Amatunda kandi azwi cyane kubera akamaro afite mu buvuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/amatunda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170024/https://umutihealth.com/amatunda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amatunda akunda ahantu hashyuha, ahari ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 20-30 ni ho heza ku matunda. Imvura ikenewe ku matunda ugereranyije yagombye kuba mm 1500 ku mwaka. Ubutumburuke amatunda akunda buratandukanye bitewe n`ubwoko bwayo : ubwoko bw'amatunda y'umuhondo bukunda ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 0-800 mu gihe ubwoko busa n`idoma bugomba guhingwa ku butumburuke buri hagati ya m 1200-2000 hejuru y`inyanja.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170026/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/passion_fruits/varieties</ref> [[Dosiye:Baishiangguo-1kg.JPG|thumb|amatunda atukura]] Amatunda akura neza ahantu hari ubutaka bw`urusenyi rwaba rudakabije cyangwa rukabije.  Igihe ubutaka buhingwamo amatunda ari ubw`ibumba, ni ngombwa kuyobora amazi  ariko iyo ari ubutaka bw`urusenyi cyane buba bukeneye ifumbire nyinshi. Amatunda akunda kandi ubutaka busharira ku rugero rwa 6.5-7.5. ariko iyo ubutaka bukabije gusharira ni ngombwa gushyiramo ishwagara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/imishinga-yamatunda-yazamuye-imibereho/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170023/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/imishinga-yamatunda-yazamuye-imibereho/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Imbuto ziri imbere n`agahu k`imbere mu itunda ni byiza kubirya cyangwa gukuramo umutobe, n`ibindi biribwa biryohera bishobora gukorwamo mu nganda, nk`ibiribwa bibikwa mu dukopo, umutobe w`imbuto,  urusukume rusigwa ku migati, n`ibindi. Amatunda akoreshwa kandi mu buvuzi mu buryo bwo kuruhura imitsi. Mu birebana n`ubukungu, amatunda ni igihingwa kinjiriza abahinzi  amafaranga atubutse  kuko inganda z`imbere mu gihugu ziba ziteguye guhita ziyagura.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uko-imbuto-zirimo-amatunda-zagiye-zinjira-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Abahinzi-bimbuto-muri-Nyagatare-bavuze-ko-bahangayikishijwe-nudusimba-tuzibasiye</ref> [[Dosiye:Passion fruits.jpg|thumb|Igiti cy'amatunda]] === Amoko y`amatunda === Muri rusange hariho amoko abiri y`amatunda, ubwoko bugira ibara ry`idoma (''Passiflora edulis''), n`ubwoko bugira ibara ry`umuhondo (''Passiflora edulis flavocarpa)''. Ubwoko bw`amatunda y`umuhondo bushobora kwihanganira cyane indwara n`ibyonnyi. Naho ubwoko busa n`idoma buba bwiza cyane ku isoko kandi bukundwa na benshi kubera impumuro yabwo nziza.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/amatunda-ni-urubuto-rwiza-ku-murwayi-wa-diyabeti</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-wakwirinda-indwara-yubudomo-ya.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170022/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-wakwirinda-indwara-yubudomo-ya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/amafoto-y-umugore-wa-raila-odinga-ari-kwiba-amatunda-yateje-abanya-kenya</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] db0w45r7tf263opv34bs8nmm76kcyvu 0 14359 137057 136033 2026-09-14T13:12:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137057 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Diaporthe citri (10.3897-mycokeys.77.59999) Figure 4.jpg|thumb|Amacunga]] [[Dosiye:Mandarin Oranges (Citrus Reticulata).jpg|thumb|amacunga]] === Iriburiro === [[Dosiye:Kozan orange variety 02.jpg|thumb|Amacunga.]] Icunga  (cyane cyane ubwoko buryohera) ni [[urubuto]] rwo mu bwoko bwa bw'indimu. Byaragaragaye ko amacunga ari imbuto zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri nka vitamini, imyunyungugu n'izindi ntungamubiri byose bikaba ingenzi mu mikurire myiza n'ubuzima bwiza muri rusange. Byongeye kandi  amacunga n`ibindi bitunga umubiri cyangwa ibifite undi mumaro bikomoka ku macunga cyangwa ku bindi bihingwa bishobora gufasha mu kugabanya akaga ko kurwara indwara zabaye akarande. [[Dosiye:Oranges - whole-halved-segment.jpg|thumb]] Imbuto z`amacunga zifitemo izindi ntungamubiri zitangaje harimo ibitera mbaraga, Potasiyumu, aside, Kalisiyumu, Vitamini B ( B1, B3, B6), umuringa, Fosifori, Manyaziyumu n'iyindi myunyungugu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226174833/https://umutihealth.com/amacunga/</ref><ref>https://umwezi.rw/?p=4484</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226174830/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/orange/varieties</ref> [[Dosiye:Ambersweet oranges.jpg|thumb|amacunga.]] === Amoko y'amacunga === ==== Valencia ==== Ni amacunga agira agahu gato, aba mato cyangwa akagira urugero rugereranyije, ntabe mato ntabe manini. Ni bwo bwoko nyabwo bw'amacunga, akaba azwi cyane ku izina ry'amacunga y'umutobe.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/amacunga-agarurira-ubuzima-uruhu-rwangiritse-menya-byinshi-ku-kamaro-k-amacunga</ref> === Cara cara === Amacunga ya Kara Kara (bita "amacunga atukura") araryohera kandi akagira aside nkeya. Afite igishishwa kibengerana gisa n'icy'ayandi moko y'amacunga atukura, ariko igihu cyayo gitandukanye n`ayandi kuko cyo gisa n'umutuku ujya kuba iroza. Batekereza ko yaba akomoka ku mvange y'amacunga  yitirirwa Washington n'ayo muri [[Burezile]] .  Amoko yose y'amacunga atukura ajya gusa, ariko agatandukanira ku kwijima k'uruhu rwayo ry'inyuma. Iyo urebye imbere mu gishishwa usanga gisa n'umutuku ujya kuba iroze cyane. Ni meza kuyarya nk'imbuto ariko binaba byiza kuyategurana [[Imboga|n'imboga]] zirimbwa ari mbisi kuko agira akantu karura.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/guhinga-amacunga-nimyembe-byamuhinduriye-ubuzima-inama-ku-bagisuzugura-ubuhinzi-bwimbuto/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uko-imyembe-n-amacunga-byatumye-nzamurambaho-ava-mu-bukene-bikamuhindurira</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Amafunguro-atangaje-y-abaperezida-yavugishije-benshi</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] p7q1kt8nwjby0edkunn2yfvmhpbmwiq 0 14368 137020 136030 2026-09-14T13:11:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137020 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imyumbati.jpg|thumb|Imyumbati]] [[File:Balanghoy (Manihot esculenta) tubers.jpg|thumb|Balanghoy (Manihot esculenta) tubers]] [[File:Malpighiales - Manihot esculenta - 2.jpg|thumb|Malpighiales - Manihot esculenta - 2]] [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta dsc07325.jpg|thumb|casava]] [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta - Tapioca - Cassava at Periya (3).jpg|left|thumb]] Ubuhinzi bw'imyumbati mu Rwanda  bwazanywe  n'Ababiligi mu mwaka w'1930. Imyumbati  ni igihingwa ngandurarugo kiri ku mwanya wa gatatu nyuma  y'ibijumba n'ibitoki.  Mu myaka icumi ishize umusaruro w'imyumbati wagiye ugabanuka bitewe ahanini n'indwara, ibyonnyi n'ibura ry'imbuto zihanganira indwara.  <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/imyumbati/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226195446/https://umutihealth.com/imyumbati/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Imyumbati isarurwaho  ibijumba ari na byo biribwa. Imyumbati ifite ubushobozi bwo kwera mu butaka buteraramo ibindi bihingwa. Imyumbati kandi yera mu gihe hariho amapfa. Kubera ko imyumbati ishobora kuguma mu butaka kugeza ku mezi 24, ndetse n'amwe mu moko yayo akaba yaguma mu butaka kugeza ku mezi 36, gusarura imyumbati bishobora gutegereza ko isoko riboneka cyangwa haboneka uburyo bwo kuyitunganya.Imyumbati iribwa n'abantu, ariko ishobora no kugaburirwa amatungo. Mu ngo nyinshi imyumbati iribwa nk'ikiribwa gitera imbaraga. Imyumbati ishobora kuribwamo umutsima, igikoma, kotswa cyangwa gutogoswa. Amababi y'imyumbati nayo aribwa nk'imboga rwatsi, zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri na Vitamini A na B.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-imyumbati-iterwa-naho-igomba-guterwa.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226195440/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-imyumbati-iterwa-naho-igomba-guterwa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amoko === [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta 001( bw.jpg|thumb|Umwumbati wo mubwoko bw'umuvunde]] Ubusanzwe hari amoko abiri y'amoko y'imyumbati: imyumbati irura n'imyumbati y'imiribwa. Imyumbati yitwa ko ari imiribwa igihe yifitemo ubusharire buke. Ubundi imyumbati yigiramo ubusharire ( aside) bugomba gukurwamo kugira ngo ibashe kuribwa. Imyumbati y'imiribwa yigiramo ubusharire buke  butagira icyo butwaye.  Imyumbati irura ihingwa kimwen'imyumbati y'imiribwa, ariko yifitemo ubusharire ku rugero rwo hejuru. Imyumbati y'imiribwa ishobora kugira urugero rw'ubusharire bungana na 40/1000000, naho imyumbati irura ikagira ubusharire ku rugero rwa 490/1000000. Urugero ruri hejuru ya 50/1000000 rufatwa nk'urwateza ibyago. Ubusharire mu myumbati irura ni ikibazo ku buzima bw'abantu, kereka bubanje kugabanywa kugera ku rugero rwihanganirwa. Iyo imyumbati igifite ubwo busharire iba ari uburozi bushobora kwica, ariko na none kubugabanya mu myumbati bikozwe ku buryo budatunganye na bwo na byo bishobora kwica mu gihe runaka, cyane cyane mu gihe ifunguro ribuzemo intungamubiri. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ubusharire mu myumbati. Kwanika imyumbati gusa bigabanya urugero rw'ubusharire, n'ubwo bishobora kuba bidahagije kugira ngo iribwe. Kwinika imyumbati mu mazi mbere yo kuyanika ni byo byizewe mu kugabanya ubusharire  ku buryo nyabwo. Guhugutisha imyumbati uko yakabaye cyangwa yacagaguwemo uduce duto nabyo bigabanya ubusharire, kuyikaranga ndetse no kuyibiza inshuro nyinshi uhindura amazi na byo bigabanya ubusharire ku buryo iribwa nta kibazo. [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta - Tapioca - Cassava at Periya (9).jpg|thumb|Igiti cy'umwumbati]] Mu Rwanda dufite dufite amoko y'imyumbati menshi ariko afite ikibazo cyo kwibasiwa n'indwara n'ibyonnyi biyangiza. Ayo moko aragaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/sobanukirwa-impamvu-imyumbati-ushobora-kuyirya-ikakumerera-nabi</ref> [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta cassava flower vijayanrajapuram.jpg|thumb|casava plant]] === Imyumbati === * Gutegura umurima uzahingwamo imyumbati uri imusozi bitandukana no gutegura umurima uri mu kabande cyangwa mu kibaya: imusozi, bahinga imyumbati mu ntabire ishashe cyangwa amayogi cyangwa imitabo. Mu bibaya, abahinzi bater imyumbati  ku mitabo cyangwa amayogi yigiye hejuru kugira ngo birinde ko yarengerwa n'amazi. * [[Dosiye:Cassava with beans.jpg|thumb|imyumbati nibishyimbo]]Amayoyi aba afite uburebure buri hagati ya cm 30 na cm 60 cm. * Intera iri hagati y'amayogi iba iri hagati  ya cm 60 na cm 100. * Batabira umurima hanyuma bagasanza. Ibyo bikorwa mu gihe ubutaka buhehereye. Tabira umurima nibura kugeza kuri cm 15-30 cm z'ubujyakuzimu.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ruhango-Barifuza-imbuto-nshya-yimyumbati</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/uko-ibishishwa-by-imyumbati-byafashije-abagore-muri-benin-kurengera-ibidukikije</ref> <u>IBANGA RYO GUHINGA NEZA IMYUMBATI</u> imyumbati ihinze mu buryobubunganga ubutaka kandi bugamijekongera umusaruro,iyo uwukoze ukurikije uburyo bwo gutegurau umurima,gutegura ingeri z' imyumbati no kwicira imyumbati byazabikuze ngo bitanga umusaruro ushimishije.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibanga-ryo-guhinga-neza-imyumbati-igiti-kimwe-kikeraho-ibiro-100/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-05-28 |archive-date=2023-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625001300/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibanga-ryo-guhinga-neza-imyumbati-igiti-kimwe-kikeraho-ibiro-100/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] nuw6t1r7erlal203sh17prqwjip3drw 0 14369 137058 136001 2026-09-14T13:12:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137058 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum fruits IMGP0049.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Green Bell Pepper.jpg|thumb|Green Bell Pepper]] [[Dosiye:Poivron frais.jpg|thumb|Poivron ]] [[Dosiye:Petit poivron ayant poussé dans un poivron.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons verts.JPG|thumb|Poivrons]] [[Dosiye:Poivron frais.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons rouges et verts au marché d'Orange.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons coupés avec oignons à la poêle.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Capsicum baccatum in Saúde flea market, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|left|thumb]] Puwavuro ni urusenda rudakaze ruzwi ku miterere yarwo isa n’inzogera, kuba rutifitemo uburure (Capsaicin) bituma rutagira ubukana nk’ubw’urundi rusenda. Puwavuro z’ubwoko butukura n’izisa n’idoma zigira agasharire gake naho izisa n’umutuku, izisa na oranje ndetse n’iz’umuhondo zigiramo uburyohe. Puwavuro ziri mu bwoko bw’imboga zihingwa umwaka wose zikaba mu muryango w’ibihingwa byera byabanje kurabya (Solanacaea). Mu butaka burumbuka, puwavuro zigira uburebure buri hagati ya m 1.0 -1.5. Igiti cya puwavuro kigira imizi migufi cyane kandi ikomeye bihagije igifashaigiti gukomera mu butaka. Puwavuro yeze igira ubuhwa bwinshi imbere.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/puwavuro-ikoreshwa-nk-ikirungo-ikize-kuri-vitamine-c-kurusha-amacunga-ubushakashatsi</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abahinzi-ibihumbi-40-bagiye-gufashwa-guhinga-kijyambere-imboga-n-imbuto-mu</ref> === Amoko ya puwavuro === [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum var. Fiesta - MHNT.jpg|thumb|276x276px|puwavuro]] Puwavuro ni igihingwa cyo mu bwoko bw’urusenda gihingwa igihe cyoae mu mwaka. Puwavuro zeza imbuto zifite amabara atandukanye harimo iz’umutuku, umuhondo, oranje, icyatsi kibisi n’idoma. Puwavuro rimwe na rimwe zibarirwa mu bwoko bw’urusenda rudakaze cyane zikitwa urusenda rutarrura.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-hatashywe-umushinga-wo-kuhira-imyaka-hifashishijwe-imirasire-yizuba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226204213/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-hatashywe-umushinga-wo-kuhira-imyaka-hifashishijwe-imirasire-yizuba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ingero z’amoko amwe n’amwe ya puwavuro === ==== Double Up. ==== [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum 15-p.bot-capsic.annu-007.jpg|thumb|250x250px|puwavuro]] Ni ubwoko bwa puwavuro burumbuka cyane, bwavuye ku mvange y’amoko atandukanye, bukunda guhingwa mu mirima migari. Imbuto zazo ziba zitsindagiye kandi zisa zose, zikagira hafi nka cm 10 x10, zihisha zitinze, ari ko zigenda zihinduka umutuku tukutuku bituma zigaragara neza mbere yo kuzipakira ari nke no kuzipakira ari nyinshi. Mu rubuto imbere haba hegeranye rukomeye ku buryo gusarura bwa mbere bigira umusaruro utubutse. Ubu bwoko bufite ubushobozi bugereranyije bwo guhangana n’indwara zitera ibibara ziterwa na mikorobi zo mu bwoko bwa 1, 2 n’ubwa 3. Umusaruro wazo uba mwiza mu gihe kirekire zishobora kwera.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202711/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/green_pepper/crop_management</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/france-leta-yahagaritse-itegeko-rikumira-gupfunyika-imbuto-nimboga-mu-mashashi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202711/https://www.isangostar.rw/france-leta-yahagaritse-itegeko-rikumira-gupfunyika-imbuto-nimboga-mu-mashashi |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Red bell pepper.jpg|thumb|pavuro yumutuku]] ==== Capsicum Victory F1 ==== Ubu bwoko bwa puwavuro ni ubwoko bukunda igihe cy’ihinga gishyushye. Ubu bwoko bwa puwavuro bukungahaye ku bintu bisukura umubiri  (antioxidants) bituma umuntu agumana ubuzima buzira umuze. Bukize kandi ku munyu wa Potasiyumu utuma umuvuduko w’amaraso ujya ku gipimo cyiza kandi zifitemo intungamubiri z’imizi/ibikatsi (fibres). Imbuto za puwavuro zimera mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 2 cyangwa 3 zitewe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/11/dore-akamaro-9-ko-kurya-puwavuro-ku.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202709/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/11/dore-akamaro-9-ko-kurya-puwavuro-ku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Puwavuro z’umuhondo ==== Ni puwavuro z’ibara ry’umuhondo, zifitemo isukari, zifite igishishwa kinini, zifite intungamubiri kandi ibara ryazo rituma zigaragara neza mu mboga mbisi. Ni nziza kuzirya bisanzwe cyangwa kuzirya ari mbisi. Ibiti bya puwavuro z’umuhondo biba binini bityo bisaba ko bishingirirwa cyane cyane iyo byezeho imbuto nyinshi. Puwavuro z’umuhondo ziba ari icyatsi kibisi zigatangira kuba umuhondo guhera ku minsi 70 kugeza kuri 80.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0sZA3BXXd4</ref> ==== Puwavuro zisa n’ibara ry’icunga ==== [[Dosiye:Solanales - Capsicum annuum - 5.jpg|thumb|puwavuro]] Puwavuro zisa n’ibara ry’icunga ni ubwoko bw’imvange buryoha cyane, iyo zeze ziva ku ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi zigahinduka oranje isa na mandarine. Izi puwavuro zigira igishishwa gikomeye zikanagira ubushobozi bwo gusukura umubiri. Ni bwo bwoko buryoha cyane mu moko yose ya puwavuro z’amabara. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu isupu y’inyanya, mu mboga mbisi, cyangwa igatekwa bisanzwe mu bindi biribwa. Ibiti bya puwavuro za oranje bibasha guhangana n’indwara y’ububembe buterwa na virusi y’itabi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Impamvu-z-ingenzi-zituma-puwavuro-zitagomba-kubura-ku-mafunguro-yawe-ya-buri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202709/https://genesisbizz.com/Impamvu-z-ingenzi-zituma-puwavuro-zitagomba-kubura-ku-mafunguro-yawe-ya-buri |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gutegura umurima wo guhumbika puwavuro === ==== ''-Uko bikorwa:'' ==== * Gutema ibihuru * Gutegura ubutaka * Kwegeranya ibikoresho bikenewe no guhitamo umurama ufunze kandi wujuje ubuziranenge * Kuvanga neza ifumbire mu butaka * Gupima ingero z’ubuhumbikiro n’inguni zazo * Guhinga neza ubutaka bufumbiye no kubuzamura byibura kugera kuri cm 30 z’uburebure no kuburinganiza * Gutangira impande z’ubuhumbikiro bakoresheje ibiti, imitumba y’insina cyangwa amashami y’ibiti * Guca imirongo igororotse itambitse hakurikijwe intera yemewe * Gutera witonze umurama wa puwavuro ku ntera itandukanyijwe na cm 1-2 (urugero rureshya n’urugingo rw’urutoki) nyuma ukarenzaho agataka gake * Kuvomerera ubuhumbikiro ku buryo buhagije * Gukora indi mirimo yose isabwa mu buhumbikiro nko kubagara no kurwanya ibyonnyi, kwicira mu rwego rwo kugabanya ubucucike bw’ingemwe ibyo bigakorwa ingemwe zaramaze kumera neza. * Kubakira ubuhumbikiro ngo haze igicucu kirinda ingemwe kononekara kubera umuyaga cyangwa ibitonyanga biremereye by’imvura * Gutwikira ubutaka bakoresheje utwatsi duke nyuma yo guhumbika ariko tugakurwaho vuba bishoboka igihe umurama utangiye kumera tukazakoreshwa mu gusasira. * Kureka ingemwe zigafata bagabanya kuvomerera kenshi banagabanya isakaro mu byumweru 1-2 mbere yo kugemura kugira ngo ingemwe zikomere.<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230225140942/https://umutihealth.com/poivron/</ref> ==== ''Gutegura umurima'' ==== [[Dosiye:Planting Hena 3.jpg|thumb|209x209px|umurima uteguye neza]] Ni ngombwa guhitamo ahantu hari umurima wayoborewe amazi neza kandi udaheruka guhingwamo imbuto zo mu bwoko bw’ibihingwa birabya mbere yo kweramu gihe cya vuba.<ref name=":1" /> ==== ''Gutegura umurima'' ==== Ni ngombwa guhitamo ahantu hari umurima wayoborewe amazi neza kandi udaheruka guhingwamo imbuto zo mu bwoko bw’ibihingwa birabya mbere yo kweramu gihe cya vuba. Gutwikiriza ibishishwa by’umuceri mu murima bagiye guteramo mbere yo guhumbika ndetse no kuzamura umurima ho nka cm 15 z’uburebure kugira ngo byorohe kuyoboramo amazi bigabanya ibibazo by’indwara zishobora guturuka mu butaka. Umurama uterwa ku mirongo utandukanyijwe na cm 6. Ubutaka butwikirizwa agafumbire gake kanoze cyangwa isaso y’ibishishwa by’umuceri. Puwavuro ziterwa mu buhumbikiro kugira ngo zizamuke vuba zinakure vuba. Ni byiza gutera umurama wujuje ubuziranenge kugira ngo umusaruro uzabe mwiza. Nyuma ingemwe zigemurirwa mu murima wateguwe. Umurima wigiye hejuru utuma kuyobora amazi mu murima byoroha. Umurima ushobora gutegurwa mu buryo bwinshi. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe imitabo ikorwa ku buryo busanzwe ifite ubugari bwa m 1 n’imiyoboro ya cm 50 z’ ubugari. Uburebure bw’umurima buterwa n’igihe cy’ihinga: cm 20 mu gihe cy’izuba na cm 35 mu gihe cy’imvura. Isaso ikozwe mu bishishwa by’umuceri cyangwa mu bindi bimera ikoreshwa batwikira ubutaka. Akamaro k’isaso ni ukugumisha ifumbire mu butaka, kugumisha ubuhehere mu butaka no kugabanya kumera kw’ibyatsi bibi.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibintu-ukwiriye-kujya-witaho-buri-munsi-niba-ushaka-kwirinda-diyabeti</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] 4vvr3x4li9wfn14gu0oa3gwdnzsmsgy 0 14371 137092 136119 2026-09-14T13:17:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BlackeyeBean.jpg|thumb|Inkori]] [[Dosiye:Pulse food.jpg|thumb|inkori]] [[Dosiye:Pulses....27.11.13. (75).JPG|left|thumb]] Inkori ni ibinyamisogwe by’ingenzi biboneka mu bice bya za Toropike bivamo izuba n’imvura biringaniye, bihingwa muri [[Aziya]], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]], [[Uburayi|Uburayi bw’amajyepfo]] ndetse no muri [[Amerika]] yo hagati n’amajyepfo. Inkori zifitemo kuva kuri 23 kugeza kuri 35% bya poroteyine n’ibinure ku gipimo kiri hejuru (guhera kuri 1 kugeza kuri 1,6%), ivu kuva kuri (3,4 kugeza kuri  4,6%); na fiburecyangwa ibikatsi  (19,5). Garama 100 z’ifu y’ inkori zikwije ibipimo bikenewe ku munsi by’imyunyu za Feri, Zenke, Kalisiyumu, Potasiyumu, Manyeziyumu, Manganezi n’Umuringa. (Fontenele et al., 2012). Inkori ni igihingwa cyihanganira ubushyuhe n’ikirere gishyuha, zigakunda uturere twumagaye twa za Toropike mu gihe ibindi bihingwa biribwa by’ibinyamisogwe bidatanga umusaruro mwiza ahantu nk’aho. Inkori kandi zifitemo ubushobozi bwo gukurura Azote yo mu kirere zikoresheje uduheri tuba ku mizi yazo kandi zikura neza mu butaka bwagundutse bufite hejuru ya 85% by’urusenyi no munsi ya 0,2% by’ibinyabutabire n’igipimo kiri hasi cya fosifore. Inkori zihanganira ahantu hari igicucu bityo zishobora kuvangwa n’ibihinga bimwe na bimwe nk’ ibigori, ingano, uburo, amasaka, ibisheke  n’ipamba. Ibyo bituma inkori ziba mu bihingwa byubahiriza uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kuvanga ibihingwa cyane cyane mu buhinzi ngandurarugo bukorwa mu mikenke yumagaye yo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ ubutayu bwa Sahara.<ref name=":0">https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/bimwe-mu-biribwa-byafasha-umubyeyi-wonsa-kubona-amashereka-ahagije</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/cowpeas/varieties |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227052959/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/cowpeas/varieties |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.accessagriculture.org/fr/node/21620</ref><ref name=":1">https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/bimwe-mu-bimenyetso-ushobora-kubona-ukaba-watekereza-ko-ari-kanseri-ya-prostate</ref> [[Dosiye:20230711 southern catalpa Surmia bignoniowa Catalpa bignonioides Silesian Zoological Garden Poland 03.jpg|thumb|igiti bisoromaho imiteja.]] Inkori zihingirwa cyane cyane umusaruro w’intete n’ ubwo umushogoro wazo ndetse n’imiteja na byo bishobora kuribwa, bityo inkori  zishobora kuribwa mbere y’uko zisarurwa zimaze kuma. Ibishogoshogo by’inkori bikoreshwa nk’ubwatsi bw’amatungo cyane cyane mu gihe cy’impeshyi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2012/08/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_92.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227052959/https://www.urwego.com/2012/08/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_92.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/u-rwanda-rurigisha-amahanga-ku-mihingire-y-ibinyamisogwe</ref> === Amoko y’inkori === Hariho amoko menshi y’inkori ahingwa mu mpande zose z’isi harimo izigira amaso y’umukara cyangwa, ubwoko bwa Heiloom (Soma Heyilumu) n’ubwoko bw’ibyimanyi. Mu karere tugira ubwoko buke bw’inkori z’imvange buboneka mu giturage mubice byicyaro.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] jcpq1m3w8bik6tout30jy60bia36f8r 0 14373 136941 136009 2026-09-14T13:09:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136941 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Glycine max 15-p.bot-glyci.max-031.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Soya|326x326px]] [[Dosiye:Soybean Pod (48754451708).jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Soya]] [[Dosiye:Glycine max 15-p.bot-glyci.max-039.jpg|thumb|Soya]] [[Dosiye:Glycine_max_pod_ripe3_Carol_Rose_(10220453695).jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Soya ]] [[Dosiye:Soya Chaap with curry.jpg|thumb|ifu ya soya]] [[Dosiye:Soya Chaap dish.jpg|thumb|soya chap]] [[Dosiye:Soya beans plantation.jpg|left|thumb|Soya]] '''IRIBURIRO''' Soya ni igihingwa kiri mu muryango w’ibinyamisogwe, gikungahaye ku byubaka umubiri (protein)  n’amavuta. Ihingwa cyane mu murambi n’umukenke w’iburasirazuba, mu mayaga, inkombe z'ikiyaga . Yihanganira ubutaka bwagundutse cyangwa se bufite ubusharire, ikera neza mu butaka burimo amazi ahagije kandi umwuka ubasha gutemberamo. Ikindi kandi,  Soya yifitemo ubushobozi bwo kongera mu butaka imyunyu ngugu yo mu bwoko bwa  Azote ifatanije n’udusimba tuba mu butaka turi mu bwoko bwa bagiteri twitwa Rhizobia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-soya.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227060212/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-soya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/umusaruro-wa-soya-ugera-mu-nganda-ziwutunganya-uracyari-mucye-minagri</ref><ref>http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ngoma-ikibazo-cy-ibura-ry-isoko-ku-musaruro-w-ubuhinzi-cyavugutiwe-umuti</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/inama-minisiteri-yubuhinzi-igira-abahinzi-muri-iki-gihe-cyimvura-idasanzwe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227060213/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/inama-minisiteri-yubuhinzi-igira-abahinzi-muri-iki-gihe-cyimvura-idasanzwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amoko yamamazwa == {| class="wikitable" |'''Ubwoko''' | colspan="2" |'''Ibiburanga''' |- | rowspan="5" | '''Peka 6''' |Igihe yerera [iminsi] |119 |- |Umusaruro [Kg/Ha] |2406 |- |Intungamubiri zirimo (%) |34.2 |- |Amavuta arimo (%) |23.4 |- |Akarere iberanye na ko |Imisozi iciriritse/ Imisozi migufi |- | rowspan="5" |'''SB 24''' |Igihe yerera [iminsi] |129 |- |Umusaruro [Kg/Ha] |2700 |- |Intungamubiri zirimo (%) |33.6 |- |Amavuta arimo (%) |12.42 |- |Akarere iberanye na ko |Imisozi iciriritse |- | rowspan="5" |'''SC. Saga''' |Igihe yerera [iminsi] |125 |- |Umusaruro [Kg/Ha] |3264 |- |Intungamubiri zirimo (%) |32.5 |- |Amavuta arimo (%) |17.24 |- |Akarere iberanye na ko |Imisozi iciriritse |- | rowspan="5" |'''SC. Sequel''' |Igihe yerera [iminsi] |122 |- |Umusaruro [Kg/Ha] |2128 |- |Intungamubiri zirimo (%) |28.9 |- |Amavuta arimo (%) |14.6 |- |Akarere iberanye na ko |Imisozi iciriritse |- | rowspan="5" |'''SC. Squire''' |Igihe yerera [iminsi] |128 |- |Umusaruro [Kg/Ha] |3278 |- |Intungamubiri zirimo (%) |30.4 |- |Amavuta arimo (%) |17.7 |- |Akarere iberanye na ko |Imisozi iciriritse |} ==== Gutegura umurima wa soya ==== * Kurwanya isuri. * Kurima bwa mbere. * Guhinga bwa kabiri (gutabira cyangwa gusanza) bagiye gutera imbuto.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227060212/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/soybeans/planting</ref> '''Gufumbira''' * Bashyiramo T 10 kuri ha z’ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza mu gihe cy’itabira. * Bakongeramo ifumbire mvaruganda: Kg 100 bya DAP mu itera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=53144 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227060216/https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=53144 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cyangwa se bakongeramo rizobiyumu (mikorobi) mu mbuto mbere yo gutera: agapfunyika ka g 40 kavangwa muri Kg 2 z’imbuto.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/abahinzi-baragaragaza-impamvu-batitabira-guhinga-soya/</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] r5erlfjfwdh9f7g4j58r4l69eb526ua 0 14374 136942 136071 2026-09-14T13:09:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136942 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibihumyo.jpg|thumb|Ibihumyo by'aganoderma[[Dosiye:Dried_mushrooms.jpg|thumb|Ibihumyo ]]]] [[Dosiye:Navadne podvihanke (Paxillus involutus).jpg|thumb|igihumyo]] [[Dosiye:Fly Agaric Emerging - geograph.org.uk - 260684.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Ibihumyo]] by'aganoderma ni ibiribwa bikoreshwa mu buryo bwo guteka mu mico itandukanye y'abantu, bikaba kandi bumwe mu bwoko buke bw'ibihumyo biribwa. N'ubwo mu mateka twumva ko abantu bakoreshaga ibihumyo mu mirire cyangwa mu kwivuza, mu myaka ya vuba nibwo byinjijwe ku mugaragaro mu buhanga mu gutegura mafunguro. Uko ubuhinzi bugamije isoko bugenda butera imbere, ubwoko bw'ibihumyo biribwa na bwo bwagiye bwiyongera. Mu rwego rwo kuzamura imirire cyane cyane ku baturage bakennye, ibihumyo ni isoko y'intungamubiri na za vitamini. Byongeye kandi, ibihumyo bikungahaye ku myunyungugu nka Sodiyumu, Potasiyumu, na Kalisiyumu n'Ubutare biri ku rwego rwo hejuru.Ku bw'iyo mpamvu rero, ibihumyo bigira uruhare mu kurwanya imirire mibi no kurwanya indwara yo kugwingira mu bana.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ubuhinzi-bw-ibihumyo-burimo-inyungu-kandi-ku-buso-buto-ubuhamya</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIiACUBMo3Y</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPx_-5LYElE</ref> Guhinga ibihumyo bishobora gukorerwa mu rugo, wifashishije ibikoresho biciriritse cyane cyane hagamijwe gutera inkunga imiryango ikennye ikeneye inkunga y'ibikoresho. Ibihumyo byera mu gihe gito, ntibikenera guhingwa ku butaka bunini kandi ntibutwara amafaranga menshi kuko hari ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye rikoreshwa mu kubihinga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bihumyo-nubuhamya-bwabo-byagiriye-umumaro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221123041/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bihumyo-nubuhamya-bwabo-byagiriye-umumaro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amoko == [[Dosiye:Mycena crocea Maas Geest 265871.jpg|thumb|Ubwoko bw'iIbihumyo]] Hariho amoko menshi y'ibihumyo biribwa, ariko ahingwa muri aka karere k'ibiyaga bigari ni abiri gusa, ari yo: Pleurote na Ganoderma . Pulerote  ni ubwoko bw'ibihumyo biribwa buhingirwa kugurishwa no kuribwa ku isi hose. Ubu bwoko bw'ibihumyo ntibugoye guteka kandi biraryoha.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71965/mu-mafoto-uko-ibihumyo-bihingwa-kugeza-bisaruwe-71965.html</ref> === Guhinga ibihumyo bya Ganoderma : === ==== Gushaka umurama ==== [[Dosiye:2008-07-16 Armillaria tabescens cropped.jpg|thumb|Ubwoko bundi bw'ibihumyo]] Niba ukeneye guhinga ibihumyo, ni ngombwa gushaka umurama wo guhinga. Umurama: nk'uko imbuto ari ingenzi ku bihingwa, na wo ni ikintu gihomeye kuko ubwiza bw'umurama ari kimwe mu bituma ibihumyo bitanga umusaruro mwiza. Ushobora kwitegurira umurama ukoresheje ikintu kitarangwaho mikorobi cyangwa ukagura imigina yateguwe n'abayigurisha. Kwitegurira umurama bishobora guhenduka mu gihe kirekire, ariko mu gutangira igishoro cyaba kinini. Ku bw'iyo mpamvu, ni byiza gutangira ugura imigina yatewemo umurama.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/ambasaderi-wang-xuekun-yagaragaje-uko-ibihumyo-bishobora-gufasha-mu-kurandura</ref> [[Dosiye:Fly Agaric mushroom 04.jpg|thumb|igihumyo]] ==== Kubaka igisharagati ==== [[Dosiye:Lactarius salmonicolor cropped.jpg|thumb|Ibihumyo.]] Inzu yo guhingamo ibihumyo ntogomba kuba ihenze cyangwa yubakishije ibikoresho bihambaye. Ibihumyo byo mu butaka bihingwa mu gisharagati cyangwa se ikibandahori cya mpande eshatu (Triangle shelter); kimwe n’icya mpande enye'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/abahinzi-bibihumyo-bari-guhugurwa-ku-buhinzi-butanga-umusaruro-utubutse/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221124547/https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/abahinzi-bibihumyo-bari-guhugurwa-ku-buhinzi-butanga-umusaruro-utubutse/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gutera ibihumyo === * Cukura uturingoti dufite hagati ya cm 25 na 30 uzateramo imigina yawe. * Tereka imigina mu butaka utondekanya ku murongo wegeranya umwe ku wundi, * Orosaho agataka ka cm 1 hanyuma uvomerere. * Shyiraho ishashi igondeye ku biti kugira ngo hagumemo ubuhehere kandi hatagira ikibazo cyo kumagara kugeza igihe bitangiye kuzamuka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.musanze.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ubuhinzi-bwibihumyo-inyunganizi-mu-kurwanya-imirire-mibi-nigwingira-ku-batishoboye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227084610/https://www.musanze.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ubuhinzi-bwibihumyo-inyunganizi-mu-kurwanya-imirire-mibi-nigwingira-ku-batishoboye |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Gufata neza umusaruro ==== Nk'imbuto cyanga imboga, ibihumyo byangirika vuba. Bishobora kubikwa ahantu hatari mu byuma bikonjesha mu gihe kitarenga amasaha 24. Ni ngombwa rero ko umuhinzi w'ibihumyo akora uko ashoboye kugira ngo ibihumyo bibisi bipfunyikwe kandi bibikwe ku buryo bukwiye ndetse binatunganywe kugira ngo bibashe kubikwa igihe kirekire. Gutunganya umusaruro w'ibihumyo bikorwa babishyira mu bikombe byabugenewe, babyumisha cyangwa babikuramo impumuro kugira ngo bizabikike igihe kirekire. Hakozwe ikoranabuhanga rigamije gukora ibiribwa bikoze mu bihumyo nk'imigati bita Piza, ifu y'ibihumyo itegurwamo isupu, ibisuguti n'ibindi byinshi.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/kigali-farms-yatangije-gahunda-yo-kurwanya-imirire-mibi-yifashishije-ibihumyo</ref> <ref>https://bwiza.com/?Musanze-Hamuritswe-umushinga-uzafasha-mu-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] jbdixotdzx65dkiclslqbqyem8bioe0 0 14380 137021 135039 2026-09-14T13:11:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137021 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Commelina africana (Commelinaceae) (46607904784).jpg|thumb|179x179px]] [[Dosiye:Starr-080314-3528-Schiedea globosa-small plant-Kahakuloa-Maui (24279122463).jpg|thumb|uruteja|228x228px]] URUTEJA ni icyatsi kirandaranda hasi nk'urwiri gifite amababi kikagira ururenda mu gihe uruvunnyemo kabiri. Inteja zikunda kumera mu mirima, cyangwa mu ntoki; mbese ahantu hahinze cg haheruka guhingwa. Bivugwa ko hari ubwoko bw’amahumane n’ibibyimba zivura ndetse n’amasekera, umuntu avuna uruteja, agasiga umushongi cyangwa ururenda rwarwo aharwaye hagakira.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/ibi-bimera-bifite-ibanga-mu-buvuzi-gakondo</ref> == Ibyo Ruvura == === Amababi === Kurya ibyakwangiza umubiri (intoxications alimentaires): umukamato w’amababi uyanike yume, ikiyiko 1 cy’ifu yayo ukivange n’amazi y’akazuyaze mu kirahure 1 mu gitondo, 1 ku manywa, 1 nijoro, unywa. * Igifu gifite aside irenze urugero (hypergastralgie): sekura umukamato w’amababi, wanike ku zuba. Ufata ikiyiko 1 ukakivanga n’ikirahure 1 cy’amazi y’akazuyaze buri nshuro, 3 ku munsi. * Uburozi (l’empoisennement): hekenya amababi 2 cyangwa 3 buri gitondo na buri mugoroba, amezi 4. * Kurumwa n’inzoka cyangwa indi nyamaswa ifite ubumara (morsure de serpent ou animal vénimeux): fata umukamato w’amababi, uyasekure womeke aho yarumye, ubikore iminsi 5. Nyuma urakomeza ukajya ubikoresha. * [[Dosiye:Commelina africana lancispatha 2.jpg|thumb|Uruteja|182x182px]]Impyiko zangiritse (inflammations des reins): fata imikamato 2 y’amababi uyateke muri litiro 1 y’amazi. Unywa iyo litiro amanywa yose, ubikore iminsi 15.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/irst-yasohoye-igitabo-gikubiyemo-ibimera-gakondo-byakwifashishwa-nk-ibiryo</ref> === Ururenda: === * Ibihushi n’izindi ndwara z’uruhu (teigne et autres dermatoses): shyira ururenda rw’uruteja washwanyaguje aharwaye. * Ibisebe: shyira ururenda rw’uruteja ku bisebe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Starr 010327-0554 Schiedea globosa.jpg|thumb|Uruteja rwarandaranze]] === AGATI K’URUTEJA: === * Imihango y’abagore itameze neza (les troubles de menstruation): Uvanga 100g z’uruteja rwose uko rwakabaye na ¼ cy’ikirahure cy’amatembabuzi y’ipapayi (amata y’ipapayi) itarahisha ngo ibe umuhondo. Ubishyire muri litiro 2 z’amazi arimo kubira, bimaremo iminota 5, ukayungurura, ukanywa ikirahure .<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Bamwe-mu-bahinzi-ba-Kawa-muri-Huye-baravuga-ko-bafite-ikibazo-cyo-kubura-ingemwe</ref> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] nikpk231nh70lud149ehw6csfxtvgit 137093 137021 2026-09-14T13:17:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Commelina africana (Commelinaceae) (46607904784).jpg|thumb|179x179px]] [[Dosiye:Starr-080314-3528-Schiedea globosa-small plant-Kahakuloa-Maui (24279122463).jpg|thumb|uruteja|228x228px]] URUTEJA ni icyatsi kirandaranda hasi nk'urwiri gifite amababi kikagira ururenda mu gihe uruvunnyemo kabiri. Inteja zikunda kumera mu mirima, cyangwa mu ntoki; mbese ahantu hahinze cg haheruka guhingwa. Bivugwa ko hari ubwoko bw’amahumane n’ibibyimba zivura ndetse n’amasekera, umuntu avuna uruteja, agasiga umushongi cyangwa ururenda rwarwo aharwaye hagakira.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/ibi-bimera-bifite-ibanga-mu-buvuzi-gakondo</ref> == Ibyo Ruvura == === Amababi === Kurya ibyakwangiza umubiri (intoxications alimentaires): umukamato w’amababi uyanike yume, ikiyiko 1 cy’ifu yayo ukivange n’amazi y’akazuyaze mu kirahure 1 mu gitondo, 1 ku manywa, 1 nijoro, unywa. * Igifu gifite aside irenze urugero (hypergastralgie): sekura umukamato w’amababi, wanike ku zuba. Ufata ikiyiko 1 ukakivanga n’ikirahure 1 cy’amazi y’akazuyaze buri nshuro, 3 ku munsi. * Uburozi (l’empoisennement): hekenya amababi 2 cyangwa 3 buri gitondo na buri mugoroba, amezi 4. * Kurumwa n’inzoka cyangwa indi nyamaswa ifite ubumara (morsure de serpent ou animal vénimeux): fata umukamato w’amababi, uyasekure womeke aho yarumye, ubikore iminsi 5. Nyuma urakomeza ukajya ubikoresha. * [[Dosiye:Commelina africana lancispatha 2.jpg|thumb|Uruteja|182x182px]]Impyiko zangiritse (inflammations des reins): fata imikamato 2 y’amababi uyateke muri litiro 1 y’amazi. Unywa iyo litiro amanywa yose, ubikore iminsi 15.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/irst-yasohoye-igitabo-gikubiyemo-ibimera-gakondo-byakwifashishwa-nk-ibiryo</ref> === Ururenda: === * Ibihushi n’izindi ndwara z’uruhu (teigne et autres dermatoses): shyira ururenda rw’uruteja washwanyaguje aharwaye. * Ibisebe: shyira ururenda rw’uruteja ku bisebe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Starr 010327-0554 Schiedea globosa.jpg|thumb|Uruteja rwarandaranze]] === Agati k’uruteja: === * Imihango y’abagore itameze neza (les troubles de menstruation): Uvanga 100g z’uruteja rwose uko rwakabaye na ¼ cy’ikirahure cy’amatembabuzi y’ipapayi (amata y’ipapayi) itarahisha ngo ibe umuhondo. Ubishyire muri litiro 2 z’amazi arimo kubira, bimaremo iminota 5, ukayungurura, ukanywa ikirahure .<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Bamwe-mu-bahinzi-ba-Kawa-muri-Huye-baravuga-ko-bafite-ikibazo-cyo-kubura-ingemwe</ref> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] 55yxq0yjborrbi1htdojaqux0mmbr17 0 14390 136825 123591 2026-09-14T13:06:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136825 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sida rhombifolia flower2 (16142658472).jpg|thumb|Umucundura Rwuri|150x150px]] '''Imizi:''' == Umugore: == [[Dosiye:Starr-110412-5122-Sida rhombifolia-flowers and leaves-Kahana West Maui-Maui (24455902733).jpg|thumb|Rweru|219x219px]] [[Dosiye:Epacris rhombifolia foliage and flowers.jpg|left|thumb|242x242px|Umucundura Rweru]] Kubyara mu buryo bwihuse (kwongera ibise) kandi bikoroheye (accélérer et faciliter l’accouchement): utogosanya umukamato w’imizi n’udusenda 2 duto muri litiro y’amazi. Unywa ikirahure 1 mu gitondo, 1 ku manywa na 1 nimugoroba. Ibyiza n’uko unywa uyu muti uri kumwe n’ababyaza kandi inda ikaba idafite ibimenyetso dystocie.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/123190/tab/taxo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227145415/https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/123190/tab/taxo |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Sida Rhombifolia - കുറുന്തോട്ടി 02.JPG|thumb|Umuzi umucundura Rwuri|154x154px]] [[Dosiye:Baramati, Maharashtra, India. 32 flowering plant.jpg|thumb|umucundura rweru|159x159px]] === Umugabo : === Gushoboza abagabo kuryamana n’abagore (stimuler l’activité sexuelle chez les mâles), kudashyukwa kw’abasore (les jeunes dont le pénis n’entre pas en érection): uhekenya umukamato w’ibishishwa by’imizi y’umucundurarweru n’ubunyobwa, inshuro 3 ku munsi.<ref>https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/123190</ref> ==== Cyangwa sekura amababi unywe uyo jus. ==== ==== Ibishishwa: ==== Contre les glaucomes: ushishura igiti cy’umucundurarweru ukagitwika ukomeka iryo vu ryawo aharwaye. Ubwo buvuzi buzakora neza mbere y’uko igihe cyo guhuma kigera.<ref>https://www.ethnoplants.com/fr/plantes-graines-afrique/111-sida-rhombifolia-feuilles-de-fleche-mahabala-graines.html</ref> ==== Amababi: ==== Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso (hypertension): ufata umukamato w’amababi, ukayumisha, ukayasekura. Ukajya ufata ibiyiko 2 by’ifu ukavanga n’ikirahure 1 cy’amazi yatuye mu gitondo, ikindi ku manywa, ikindi nijoro kugeza igihe umurwayi akiriye. Indwara y’uruhu (panaris) n’ibishyute: usekura ishu na tungurusumu n’amababi y’umucundurarweru, aharwaye ukahapfuka. Ukajya uwomekaho buri munsi. Imitezi (blennorragie: gonnorrhea): ufata imikamato ibiri y’umucundurarweru n’imikamato 2 y’inyabarasanya (Bidens pilosa). Uyasekure, uyinike muri litiro 2 z’[[amazi]]. Unywe litiro 1 ku munsi, iminsi 12. Diyabete: usekura umukamato w’amababi mashyashya ukayatogosa muri litiro y’amazi. Uyanywe amanywa yose. <ref>https://www.tramil.net/fr/plant/sida-rhombifolia</ref> [[Dosiye:Sida rhombifolia 3.jpg|thumb|187x187px|Urucundurarweru]] === Ibisebe byo mu gifu: === fata umukamato w’amababi y’umucundurarweru uyashyire muri litiro y’amazi arimo kubira, unywe ibirahure 2 ku munsi, iminsi 15.<ref>https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/sida_rhombifolia.htm</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] fhez5m9q1ibntu2soyger6vuivmf6u5 0 14391 137094 134136 2026-09-14T13:17:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Curcuma longa (Haldi) W IMG 2440.jpg|thumb|Turmeric cyangwa Ikinzari|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Turmeric (Haldi) 03.jpg|left|thumb]] Ikinzari cyangwa Turmeric ni [[ikimera]] kiri mu muryango Zingiberaceae ni [[ikimera]] kitarigishya kuko kimaze imyaka irenga 2000 gihingwa, uburebure bwacyo bujya gukabakaba metero, Ifu iva mumizi yacyo ikunzwe gukoreshwa cyane nk’ ikirungo. Igira ibara ry’ umuhondo ujya kuba nk’ icunga ( orange). N’ [[ikimera]] gikomoka mubuhinde no muri Asia y’ amajyepfo y’ iburasirazuba. Kuri ubu kikaba gikoreshwa mubihugu byose ku isi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/icyinzari/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151600/https://umutihealth.com/icyinzari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151600/http://www.agakiza.rw/Menya-byinshi-ku-icyinzari-ikirungo-kivura-indwara-nyinshi.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/02/akamaro-kicyinzari.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151601/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/02/akamaro-kicyinzari.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Curcuma longa - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-199.jpg|thumb|Ikinzari|206x206px]] == Akamaro ka turimeric kubuzima bwacu. == ● Itera Umwijima kumererwa neza ● Irwanya ibibazo by' Umutima: ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanyeko itera imikorere myiza uduce duto two mumutima imbere no mumitsi ijyana amaraso (endothelial), tugira uruhare mukurwanya umuvuduko w' amaraso, no kwangirika kw' umutima. ● Ni anti- inflamatoire. Kubwibyo bituma iba nziza kubibazo bitandukanye cyane nka rubagimpande na arthritis. ● Ni carminative, ninziza kukubyimbura, colic, no gusohora icyuka cyo mumara. ● Irwanya mikorobi, ubwandu cyangwa ama infection, kandi ikaba nziza mukongera ubudahangarwa bw’ umubiri. ● Ni nziza kundwara z’ igifu nka dyspepsia, igogora ritinda kunoza ibyokurya , gastrite chronique, kubura kw’ ipfa ry’ ibyo kurya… ●Ifasha muguhangana n’ indwara zibasira imyanya y’ ubuhumekero nka bronchite, inkorora, asthma… ● Ikangura imikorere y’ [[ubwonko]] kandi igafasha mukugabanya umunaniro no guhangayika , ● ikanarinda indwara ya Alzheimer kubageze muzabukuru n’ izindi Ifite ubushobozi bwogushyira kurigahunda imihango y' abakobwa no kuburizamo ibindi bibazo bijyanye nayo. ● Irinda gusazira imburagihe Ifasha mugusohora urugimbu rubi mumubiri no kurwanya indwara z’ umutima Indwanya indwara z’ uruhu nka psoriasis, eczema, ibiheri byo mumaso… [[Dosiye:Curcuma longa (Haldi) W2 IMG 2440.jpg|thumb|ikinzari|210x210px]] ● Ikomeza imikaya (ligaments) Isukura amaraso Igabanya umubyibuho ukabije Igabanya ingaruka z’ imiti y’ ubutabire ( chemotherapy) Irwanya cancer ( y’ amabere, prostate, y’ uruhu, y ‘ iherezo ry’ amara, iyo mumatembabuzi, n’ iya maraso) Nibyiza kuvanga Turmeric na Black pepper izwi ku izina rya Pilipilimanga, kuko bituma curcumin iboneka muri Turmeric ikwirakwizwa neza mumubiri, ibyo bikayiha ubushobozi bwayo mu mubiri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/sobanukirwa-byinshi-byagufasha-kurinda-ibihaha-no-gutuma-bikora-neza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151559/https://www.thechoicelive.com/sobanukirwa-byinshi-byagufasha-kurinda-ibihaha-no-gutuma-bikora-neza |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Uko ikoreshwa === * Utuyiko 2 duto muri litiro 1 y’ amazi ashyushye. Tegereza iminota 10, ubone kuyungurura, unywe amatasi 3 kumunsi * Kuyishyira mubyokurya, mugikoma, …ukoresheje akayiko gato katuzuye neza * Kubibazo by’ uruhu ikoreshwa uyisize uvanze n’ amazi * Kuvura ibiheri byo mu maso:3 ibiyiko by’ ifu ya turmeric-- 3 ibiyiko by’ [[ubuki]] 1 ikiyiko cya vinaigre ya pomme ½ cy’ [[indimu]] Bivange neza usige mu maso bimareho igice cy’ isaha.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ibyagufasha-gucyesha-mu-kwaha-hawe-hahindutse-umukara/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151600/https://yegob.rw/ibyagufasha-gucyesha-mu-kwaha-hawe-hahindutse-umukara/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Turmeric plants image.jpg|thumb|218x218px|Umurima uhinzemo ibinzani]] === Ibindi === 1. Turmeric ntangaruka mbi itera umubiri iyo ikoreshejwe neza kurugero rukwiriye. Iyo urengeje urugero ushobora kugira bimwe mubibazo bikurikira:Gukora nabi kw' igogora.--Iseseme Diarrhe Isereri 2. Sibyiza kuyikoresha igihe kirenze amezi 2 cyangwa 3, ujye usimbuka andi mezi 2 mbere yuko wongera kuyikoresha. 3. '''Utwite:''' kuyikoresha nk' ikirungo mubyokurya ntacyitwaye, ariko kuyikoresha kurugero rurihejuru ( nk' umuti) ntabwo byemewe.<ref name=":0" /> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 70qynzdp09brquy03g235tpqljihpcz 0 14392 136911 133374 2026-09-14T13:08:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136911 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BSK COFFE CUP087 (32118436793).jpg|thumb|193x193px|ikawa iri mucyayi cyamata]] [[Dosiye:Coffe from cachipay.jpg|thumb|Igiti cya Kawa|240x240px]] [[Dosiye:BSK COFFE CUP083 (32118435023).jpg|thumb|210x210px|icyuma kikawa]] [[Dosiye:FruitColors.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffee tree in Buon Me Thuot city.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffea arabica 2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffea arabica 3.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Kafarboj sur kampoj apud Da Lat, Vjetnamio 03.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffea (Rubiaceae) 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Ripe Seeds Coffee Robusta Coorg Karnataka India Feb24 D72 25688.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Less coarsely grounded coffee beans in white bowl.png|thumb|Ikawa]] [[Dosiye:Roasted coffee beans in white bowl.png|thumb|Ikawa]] Mu kinyejana cya 16 nibwo bamenyekanishije amacyane akozwe muri iki gihingwa. no muri ikigihe cyacu iki Igihingwa cyanditse amateka nko muri leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika hinjizwa amatoni arenze miliyoni y’ ikawa yonyine ku mwaka. Kugira akamenyero ko kunywa ikawa bigira uyinywa imbata yayo bikamukururira akaga haba kumpagarike no mubwenge ari nacyo gituma ibarirwa mubiyobyabwenge. Kimwe n’ ibindi bimera bibarirwa mubwoko bw’ ibiyobyabwenge (drugs) nk’ opium, caffeine igize ikigihingwa, ishobora kwifashishwa mubuvuzi bwazimwe mundwara mugihe runaka. Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo kuyinywa igihe ishobora kubata umuntu kandi igatera ingorane zitandukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.agakiza.org/Waba-uzi-umumaro-w-ikawa-ku-buzima.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154609/https://www.agakiza.org/Waba-uzi-umumaro-w-ikawa-ku-buzima.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>iki gihingwa kinjiriza igihugu amafaranga menshi binyuze mu kukigurisha mu mahanga. == IMITERERE Y’ IKAWA N’ AHO IKORESHWA == [[Dosiye:Colombian coffee beans.jpg|thumb|Igiti cy'ikawa.|230x230px]] [[Dosiye:Less coarsely grounded coffee beans in white bowl with intact roasted bean.png|left|thumb|245x245px]] Ikawa ikungahaye muri alcaloide yitwa trimethyl xanthine izwi ku izina rya caffeine, igizwe na 1 kugeza kuri 2% byibiyigize. Nanone irimo Amavuta ( huile essentielle) ari nayo iyiha impumuro yayo acidecafeique, iyi essence igenda ibabura inzira zigogora. Acides cafeique na chlorogenique bitera kwihagarika ( diueretique), igira n’ ibindi byinshi nka nitrogenes zirema irigutegurwa munganda. Caffeine ni alcaloide iri mubwoko bwa xanthine, muburyo bw’ubutabire ijya kubarwa neza nka purine na acide urique.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ikawa-y-u-rwanda-yinjije-hafi-miliyari-10-frw-mu-cyumweru-kimwe</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/10/04/u-rwanda-rwatangiye-kohereza-ibicuruzwa-binyuze-mu-masezerano-yisoko-rusange/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154602/https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/10/04/u-rwanda-rwatangiye-kohereza-ibicuruzwa-binyuze-mu-masezerano-yisoko-rusange/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ikawa ishobora gutera ingorane zikurikira === ==== IKANGURA INZIRA Z’ UBWONKO ==== iyo umaze kunywa icyayi cy’ ikawa ushobora kumva aribwo ukangukiye gukora imirimo isaba ubwenge. Nubwo bimeze bityo igabanya ubushozi bwo gufata mu mutwe no kuuza ibyo wize. akorana umuvuduko udasanzwe ariko harimo amakosa menshi. Ibyo yiyumvagamo nko gukangukanguka kintekerezo no kubanguka kubwonko bikurikirwa n’ umunaniro mwinshi nyuma y’ amasaha make gusa afashe ikawa, agatima kagatera gashaka indi kawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jkanya.free.fr/imvahonshya2003.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154600/http://jkanya.free.fr/imvahonshya2003.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|thumb|ikawa|187x187px]] Ibyo biterwa nuko yifitemo ubushobozi bwogukangura inzira zubwenge kandi by’ amajyejuru gusa. Ikirahure cy’ ikawa ntakintu nakimwe igira gitunga ubwonko bukenera mumikorere yabwo isanzwe nka glucose n’ amavitamine yo mugatsiko ka B, lecithine cyangwa imyunyungugu ( phosphore, calcium n’ indi). Ikwa irakangura ariko ntitunga, iyo ifashwe kurugero rwo hejuru, irangija kandi igaca intege imikorere y’ ubwonko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ikawa-iravuna-igatanga-ingororano/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154605/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ikawa-iravuna-igatanga-ingororano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/50655194</ref> === IMIGENDERE Y’AMARASO === [[Dosiye:A small cup of coffee.JPG|thumb|icyayi cya kawa|191x191px]] Ikawa itanga imbaraga zo gutera k’ umutima no kuzamuka k’ umuvuduko w’ amaraso. Bikwiriwe kuzirikanwa ko uko ujyenda ukoresha ikawa itera gukora nabi kw’ Imitsi y’ umutima, ibyo bikagaragazwa n’ ibyo bita tachicarirdies na arythime ( akajagari mu miterere y’ umutima). Caffeine itera wiyongera kwa adrenaline mu maraso, maze ibyo bikaba intandaro ikomeye y’ indwara yo guhagara k’ umutima ( attaque cardiaque).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ikawa-y-i-nyamasheke-ni-yo-iryoshye-kurusha-izindi-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/nyamasheke-hakenewe-imbaraga-zurubyiruko-mu-buhinzi-bwa-kawa</ref> === Urwungano ngogozi === ikawa itera ubwiyongere bw’ivuburwa ry’ indurwe yo mugifu ( sucs gastriques) ibyo bishobora ugira umumaro mugihe runaka mugihe bibaye ngombwa. Ariko ikoreshwa ryayo igihe kirekire bishobora gutera ubwiyongere bukabije, ibyo bigatera ibisebe mugifu no mumara mato ( gastro-duodenal), kimwe na colite, bitewe n’ Amavuta aryaryata izo nzira ayigize. Kugira akamenyero ko kunywa ikawa nanone bibera umutwaro umwijima ( foie).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ikawa-y-u-rwanda-ikomeje-gukundwa-ku-isi</ref><ref>https://panorama.rw/starbucks-icuruza-ikawa-yakiriwe-na-perezida-kagame/</ref> === Kugira akamenyero === ko gukoresha ikawa cyane byagaragajwe neza ko bifitanye isano na cancer y’ uruhago, urwagashya ( pancreas) n’ iyo mu iherezo ry’ amara manini ( colon), n’ ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ urugimbu rwinshi mu maraso.Imikoreshereze y’ ikawa ishobora kwemerwa mu buvuzi bukurikira niba ntabundi buryo Buhari bwayisimbura muruwo mwanya kandi bufite ingaruka nke ugereranije n’ akaga itera.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Mu-Rwanda-ikawa-ihahingwa-inyobwa-ku-kigero-cya-3-gusa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ikawa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227160109/https://umutihealth.com/ikawa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Intoxication alcoolique aigue === Ikawa ishobora kuburizamo bona nubwo Atari muburyo bwuzuye, ingaruka zo guhungabana kw’ inzira zubwenge zizanywe n’ uburozi bwinzoga mubwonko.Ushobora kuyikoresha nk’ umuti kugira ngo ukangure uwishwe n’ inzoga. Kuvura umusinzi neza bisaba kumuha urugero ruhagije rwa vitamin B COMPLEXE, kandi ikawa ntiyigira.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sM_5d6QPVs</ref><ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/a-18-2008-10-27-voa1-93022234/1265207.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Coffee plantation in Cachipay, Colombia.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Kawa|257x257px]] === Lipothymie, === ni indwara irangwa no gusa nubuze ubwenge by’ akanya gato, ugasa nugize ikizungera, biterwa no kutagera neza kw’ amaraso mubwonko, ugasa n’ uzimiye. Bishobora guterwa no gucika intege bizanywe n’ imirimo yagahanyu cyangwa umunaniro ukabije wo mu bwenge, stress, intimba n’ amajune, amarangamutima akabije, ubwoba no gutumutwe ( panique), ubwoba buzanywe n’ ibintu runaka nko kujya muri escenceur,indege, Imodoka… aribwo bita (phobie), nanone iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa no kubura isukari mu maraso, ubushuhe bwinshi, kugabanuka kwamazi mu mubiri, imiti imwe n’ imwe… ikawa kuri iyingorane ishobora gutanga igisubizo cy’ akanya gato nk’ ingoboka ariko, ariko si umuti ukiza. Birakwiriye ko hatangwa ubuvuzi bwiyondwara hashingiwe mucyayiteye.<ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-burusiya-buherutse-kugura-ikawa-nyinshi-yu-rwanda/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/ikawa-yoherejwe-mu-mahanga-mu-cyumweru-kimwe-yinjije-miliyari-2frw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154557/https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/ikawa-yoherejwe-mu-mahanga-mu-cyumweru-kimwe-yinjije-miliyari-2frw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Umutwe cephalees, maux de tete, migraine, === Itewe na grippe cyangwa ikomotse kubyo bita catarrhale iterwa no kwiyongera kururenda munzira z’ ubuhumekero, bishobora gutuma ubwonko butageramo umwuka wa oxygene neza, na none n’ ingorane y’ umuriro ( fievre): ikawa ishobora kugabanya ubwo buribwe bw’ umutwe, kandi ikazana ihembura kurwaye gripe. Muribyo bibazo nibyiza gukoresha ibindi bimera bivura neza grippe kandi bidafite ingaruka nk’ izikawa, kandi byongera ubudahangarwa bw’ umubiri.<ref>https://ikawa.rw/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2022/10/10/ikawa-yu-rwanda-ikomeje-guca-uduhigo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154615/https://igisabo.rw/2022/10/10/ikawa-yu-rwanda-ikomeje-guca-uduhigo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibindi === Ikawa ntabwo ikwiriye gukoresha muburyo buhoraho, kimwe nokuyikoresha nk’ umuti, bitewe na caffeine, igira imbata uyikoresha. Niba ikoreshejwe nk’ umuti, ntukarenze urugero ruteganijwe, ibirahure 2 cyangwa 3 kumunsi. ● Ikawa irabujijwe cyane ( contre-indique) kubantu bafite ibibazo bikurikira: [[Dosiye:FruitColors.jpg|thumb|193x193px|Ibitumbwe bya kawa]] - ibisebe mugifu no mumara mato ( gastro-duodenal), gastrite, uburibwe bwo mugifu, - colite, - Nervosite , - Hypertension, Umuvuduko ukabije w’ amaraso- Cardiopathie, indwara y’ umutima - arythmies, Gutimbaguza kumutima( gutera vubavuba kumutima) - Indwara ya Goutte, acide- utwite ( ikawa ishobora gukereza imikurire y’ umwana utwite), - uwonsa ashobora guhererekanya caffeine n’ uwo atwite binyuriye mu mashereka.<ref>https://www.ikawacoffee.com/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Ikawa-y-u-Rwanda-igiye-gusogongererwa-i-Dubai-5430 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154559/https://genesisbizz.com/Ikawa-y-u-Rwanda-igiye-gusogongererwa-i-Dubai-5430 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 1tb9hhcuqv24589orezslcnwmhalrzu 137095 136911 2026-09-14T13:17:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BSK COFFE CUP087 (32118436793).jpg|thumb|193x193px|ikawa iri mucyayi cyamata]] [[Dosiye:Coffe from cachipay.jpg|thumb|Igiti cya Kawa|240x240px]] [[Dosiye:BSK COFFE CUP083 (32118435023).jpg|thumb|210x210px|icyuma kikawa]] [[Dosiye:FruitColors.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffee tree in Buon Me Thuot city.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffea arabica 2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffea arabica 3.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Kafarboj sur kampoj apud Da Lat, Vjetnamio 03.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffea (Rubiaceae) 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Ripe Seeds Coffee Robusta Coorg Karnataka India Feb24 D72 25688.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Less coarsely grounded coffee beans in white bowl.png|thumb|Ikawa]] [[Dosiye:Roasted coffee beans in white bowl.png|thumb|Ikawa]] Mu kinyejana cya 16 nibwo bamenyekanishije amacyane akozwe muri iki gihingwa. no muri ikigihe cyacu iki Igihingwa cyanditse amateka nko muri leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika hinjizwa amatoni arenze miliyoni y’ ikawa yonyine ku mwaka. Kugira akamenyero ko kunywa ikawa bigira uyinywa imbata yayo bikamukururira akaga haba kumpagarike no mubwenge ari nacyo gituma ibarirwa mubiyobyabwenge. Kimwe n’ ibindi bimera bibarirwa mubwoko bw’ ibiyobyabwenge (drugs) nk’ opium, caffeine igize ikigihingwa, ishobora kwifashishwa mubuvuzi bwazimwe mundwara mugihe runaka. Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo kuyinywa igihe ishobora kubata umuntu kandi igatera ingorane zitandukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.agakiza.org/Waba-uzi-umumaro-w-ikawa-ku-buzima.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154609/https://www.agakiza.org/Waba-uzi-umumaro-w-ikawa-ku-buzima.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>iki gihingwa kinjiriza igihugu amafaranga menshi binyuze mu kukigurisha mu mahanga. == Imiterere y’ ikawa n’ aho ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Colombian coffee beans.jpg|thumb|Igiti cy'ikawa.|230x230px]] [[Dosiye:Less coarsely grounded coffee beans in white bowl with intact roasted bean.png|left|thumb|245x245px]] Ikawa ikungahaye muri alcaloide yitwa trimethyl xanthine izwi ku izina rya caffeine, igizwe na 1 kugeza kuri 2% byibiyigize. Nanone irimo Amavuta ( huile essentielle) ari nayo iyiha impumuro yayo acidecafeique, iyi essence igenda ibabura inzira zigogora. Acides cafeique na chlorogenique bitera kwihagarika ( diueretique), igira n’ ibindi byinshi nka nitrogenes zirema irigutegurwa munganda. Caffeine ni alcaloide iri mubwoko bwa xanthine, muburyo bw’ubutabire ijya kubarwa neza nka purine na acide urique.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ikawa-y-u-rwanda-yinjije-hafi-miliyari-10-frw-mu-cyumweru-kimwe</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/10/04/u-rwanda-rwatangiye-kohereza-ibicuruzwa-binyuze-mu-masezerano-yisoko-rusange/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154602/https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/10/04/u-rwanda-rwatangiye-kohereza-ibicuruzwa-binyuze-mu-masezerano-yisoko-rusange/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ikawa ishobora gutera ingorane zikurikira === ==== Ikangura inzira z’ ubwonko ==== iyo umaze kunywa icyayi cy’ ikawa ushobora kumva aribwo ukangukiye gukora imirimo isaba ubwenge. Nubwo bimeze bityo igabanya ubushozi bwo gufata mu mutwe no kuuza ibyo wize. akorana umuvuduko udasanzwe ariko harimo amakosa menshi. Ibyo yiyumvagamo nko gukangukanguka kintekerezo no kubanguka kubwonko bikurikirwa n’ umunaniro mwinshi nyuma y’ amasaha make gusa afashe ikawa, agatima kagatera gashaka indi kawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jkanya.free.fr/imvahonshya2003.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154600/http://jkanya.free.fr/imvahonshya2003.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|thumb|ikawa|187x187px]] Ibyo biterwa nuko yifitemo ubushobozi bwogukangura inzira zubwenge kandi by’ amajyejuru gusa. Ikirahure cy’ ikawa ntakintu nakimwe igira gitunga ubwonko bukenera mumikorere yabwo isanzwe nka glucose n’ amavitamine yo mugatsiko ka B, lecithine cyangwa imyunyungugu ( phosphore, calcium n’ indi). Ikwa irakangura ariko ntitunga, iyo ifashwe kurugero rwo hejuru, irangija kandi igaca intege imikorere y’ ubwonko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ikawa-iravuna-igatanga-ingororano/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154605/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ikawa-iravuna-igatanga-ingororano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/50655194</ref> === Imigendere y’amaraso === [[Dosiye:A small cup of coffee.JPG|thumb|icyayi cya kawa|191x191px]] Ikawa itanga imbaraga zo gutera k’ umutima no kuzamuka k’ umuvuduko w’ amaraso. Bikwiriwe kuzirikanwa ko uko ujyenda ukoresha ikawa itera gukora nabi kw’ Imitsi y’ umutima, ibyo bikagaragazwa n’ ibyo bita tachicarirdies na arythime ( akajagari mu miterere y’ umutima). Caffeine itera wiyongera kwa adrenaline mu maraso, maze ibyo bikaba intandaro ikomeye y’ indwara yo guhagara k’ umutima ( attaque cardiaque).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ikawa-y-i-nyamasheke-ni-yo-iryoshye-kurusha-izindi-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/nyamasheke-hakenewe-imbaraga-zurubyiruko-mu-buhinzi-bwa-kawa</ref> === Urwungano ngogozi === ikawa itera ubwiyongere bw’ivuburwa ry’ indurwe yo mugifu ( sucs gastriques) ibyo bishobora ugira umumaro mugihe runaka mugihe bibaye ngombwa. Ariko ikoreshwa ryayo igihe kirekire bishobora gutera ubwiyongere bukabije, ibyo bigatera ibisebe mugifu no mumara mato ( gastro-duodenal), kimwe na colite, bitewe n’ Amavuta aryaryata izo nzira ayigize. Kugira akamenyero ko kunywa ikawa nanone bibera umutwaro umwijima ( foie).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ikawa-y-u-rwanda-ikomeje-gukundwa-ku-isi</ref><ref>https://panorama.rw/starbucks-icuruza-ikawa-yakiriwe-na-perezida-kagame/</ref> === Kugira akamenyero === ko gukoresha ikawa cyane byagaragajwe neza ko bifitanye isano na cancer y’ uruhago, urwagashya ( pancreas) n’ iyo mu iherezo ry’ amara manini ( colon), n’ ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ urugimbu rwinshi mu maraso.Imikoreshereze y’ ikawa ishobora kwemerwa mu buvuzi bukurikira niba ntabundi buryo Buhari bwayisimbura muruwo mwanya kandi bufite ingaruka nke ugereranije n’ akaga itera.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Mu-Rwanda-ikawa-ihahingwa-inyobwa-ku-kigero-cya-3-gusa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ikawa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227160109/https://umutihealth.com/ikawa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Intoxication alcoolique aigue === Ikawa ishobora kuburizamo bona nubwo Atari muburyo bwuzuye, ingaruka zo guhungabana kw’ inzira zubwenge zizanywe n’ uburozi bwinzoga mubwonko.Ushobora kuyikoresha nk’ umuti kugira ngo ukangure uwishwe n’ inzoga. Kuvura umusinzi neza bisaba kumuha urugero ruhagije rwa vitamin B COMPLEXE, kandi ikawa ntiyigira.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sM_5d6QPVs</ref><ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/a-18-2008-10-27-voa1-93022234/1265207.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Coffee plantation in Cachipay, Colombia.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Kawa|257x257px]] === Lipothymie, === ni indwara irangwa no gusa nubuze ubwenge by’ akanya gato, ugasa nugize ikizungera, biterwa no kutagera neza kw’ amaraso mubwonko, ugasa n’ uzimiye. Bishobora guterwa no gucika intege bizanywe n’ imirimo yagahanyu cyangwa umunaniro ukabije wo mu bwenge, stress, intimba n’ amajune, amarangamutima akabije, ubwoba no gutumutwe ( panique), ubwoba buzanywe n’ ibintu runaka nko kujya muri escenceur,indege, Imodoka… aribwo bita (phobie), nanone iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa no kubura isukari mu maraso, ubushuhe bwinshi, kugabanuka kwamazi mu mubiri, imiti imwe n’ imwe… ikawa kuri iyingorane ishobora gutanga igisubizo cy’ akanya gato nk’ ingoboka ariko, ariko si umuti ukiza. Birakwiriye ko hatangwa ubuvuzi bwiyondwara hashingiwe mucyayiteye.<ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-burusiya-buherutse-kugura-ikawa-nyinshi-yu-rwanda/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/ikawa-yoherejwe-mu-mahanga-mu-cyumweru-kimwe-yinjije-miliyari-2frw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154557/https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/ikawa-yoherejwe-mu-mahanga-mu-cyumweru-kimwe-yinjije-miliyari-2frw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Umutwe cephalees, maux de tete, migraine, === Itewe na grippe cyangwa ikomotse kubyo bita catarrhale iterwa no kwiyongera kururenda munzira z’ ubuhumekero, bishobora gutuma ubwonko butageramo umwuka wa oxygene neza, na none n’ ingorane y’ umuriro ( fievre): ikawa ishobora kugabanya ubwo buribwe bw’ umutwe, kandi ikazana ihembura kurwaye gripe. Muribyo bibazo nibyiza gukoresha ibindi bimera bivura neza grippe kandi bidafite ingaruka nk’ izikawa, kandi byongera ubudahangarwa bw’ umubiri.<ref>https://ikawa.rw/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2022/10/10/ikawa-yu-rwanda-ikomeje-guca-uduhigo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154615/https://igisabo.rw/2022/10/10/ikawa-yu-rwanda-ikomeje-guca-uduhigo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibindi === Ikawa ntabwo ikwiriye gukoresha muburyo buhoraho, kimwe nokuyikoresha nk’ umuti, bitewe na caffeine, igira imbata uyikoresha. Niba ikoreshejwe nk’ umuti, ntukarenze urugero ruteganijwe, ibirahure 2 cyangwa 3 kumunsi. ● Ikawa irabujijwe cyane ( contre-indique) kubantu bafite ibibazo bikurikira: [[Dosiye:FruitColors.jpg|thumb|193x193px|Ibitumbwe bya kawa]] - ibisebe mugifu no mumara mato ( gastro-duodenal), gastrite, uburibwe bwo mugifu, - colite, - Nervosite , - Hypertension, Umuvuduko ukabije w’ amaraso- Cardiopathie, indwara y’ umutima - arythmies, Gutimbaguza kumutima( gutera vubavuba kumutima) - Indwara ya Goutte, acide- utwite ( ikawa ishobora gukereza imikurire y’ umwana utwite), - uwonsa ashobora guhererekanya caffeine n’ uwo atwite binyuriye mu mashereka.<ref>https://www.ikawacoffee.com/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Ikawa-y-u-Rwanda-igiye-gusogongererwa-i-Dubai-5430 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154559/https://genesisbizz.com/Ikawa-y-u-Rwanda-igiye-gusogongererwa-i-Dubai-5430 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] doo3c0hf81rq2x16wve815zzeyezfql 0 14396 136943 135397 2026-09-14T13:09:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136943 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ragi (Eleusine coracana) BNC.jpg|thumb|Uburo|381x381px]] [[Dosiye:Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (2934263357).jpg|thumb|Umurima w'uburo]] [[Dosiye:Eleusine coracana-1-sitheri hill-dharmapuri-India.jpg|thumb|Umurima urimo uburo]] [[Dosiye:Millet 0.jpg|thumb|uburo]] [[Dosiye:Eleusine coracana Manneczka łękowata 2020-10-03 04.jpg|left|thumb]] Uburo Bukingira uruhu kuko bufite Vitamine pp, burinda umwingo kuko bufite iyode bwongera amaraso kuko bufite fer (ubutare) n'ibyo kurya byiza ku barwaye igituntu. Bufite intunga-mubiri bugarura ubuyanja mu mubiri. Bukumira indwara zo mu ngingo. Bukenewe n'abantu bakoresha ibitekerezo cyane, ni bwiza ku bantu bananiwe umubiri n'ubwenge, burakenewe ku mubyeyi utwite, bukumira indwara ya kanseri iyo ikizerera mu maraso. Uburo burinda amenyo, umusatsi, inzara z'amano n'iz'intoki.<ref>https://akabangamarket.com/product/akonozo-ifu-yuburo/</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/impombo-inkori-uburo-imbuto-gakondo-zigiye-guhunikwa-mu-myaka-500-ngo</ref> == Akamaro k'uburo == Uburo burakize cyane muri: •Fosifori •Manyeziyumu •Ubutare •Silise •Fluore •Manganeze •Isukari •Inyubakamubiri •Amavuta [[Dosiye:Ragi (Eleusine coracana) BNC (cropped).png|thumb|Uburo.]] •Amavitamini n’imyungu ngugu.<ref name=":0" /> === Ibindi === Ni ibyokurya bikenewe ku bantu bakora imirimo isaba ubuhanga no kujijuka, uburo butera ubwonko guhgarara neza, burakenewe ku bantu bafite amaraso akennye, burakenewe no ku bantu bafite amagara mazima, ku bashaka kugira amenyo meza, inzara (ongles) n’imisatsi myiza. Ni cyo gikoma kigenewe abarwaye igituntu.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/ese-koko-umwami-watwaraga-u-rwanda-yavukanaga-imbuto</ref> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] 3h7qjylt4s4afzsq49zwa053vy4jq2t 0 14496 137022 126885 2026-09-14T13:11:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bagirishya Jean de Dieu''' azwi kumazina ya '''Jado Castar''' ni umunyamakuru, umutoza wa siporo muri Volley Ball, umuyobozi mu ishyirahamwe ry'umukino w’amaboko mu [[Rwanda]] aho ari umuyobozi w’ungirije wa Volley Ball (FRVB) ndetse akaba ari rwiyemezamirimo nkaho yashinze insakazamajwi yitwa '''B&B FM Umwezi''' <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/jado-castar-yagabanyirijwe-ibihano</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/article/umunyamakuru-bagirishya-jado-castar-yafunguwe</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/jado-castar-wari-uherutse-gukatirwa-yafunguwe/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/urubanza-rwubujurire-rwa-jado-castar-rwongeye-gusubikwa/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/jado-castar-uherutse-gukatirwa-imyaka-2-yigifungo-yafashe-gahunda-nshya/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubutabera/article/jado-castar-yajuririye-igifungo-cy-imyaka-2-yahawe</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/imikino-58634853</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandatribune.com/jado-castar-nyuma-yo-kuva-muri-gereza-avuze-ikintu-gikomeye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301065538/https://rwandatribune.com/jado-castar-nyuma-yo-kuva-muri-gereza-avuze-ikintu-gikomeye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Muri siporo === Jado Castar yatoje amkipe atandukanye nka Kirehe Volley Ball Club aho yari umutoza mukuru, akaba yari avuye muri Gisagara Volley Ball Club aho yarii umutoza w’ungirije wayo. Jado castar yabaye umunyamakuru w’imikono kuva muri 2005 kuri radiyo zitandukanya nka radio Salus, RadioTv10 na B&B FM Umwezi ariho ubu.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/umwe-mu-banyamakuru-ba-radio-tv10-yagizwe-umutoza-wa-kirehe-vc/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/jado-castar/</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/jado-castar-yafunguwe</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ijwi-rya-jado-castar-nyuma-y-amezi-hafi-10-ryongeye-kumvikana-kuri-radio-asaba-imbabazi-umukuru-w-igihugu-akomoza-ku-rukundo-yeretswe-amafoto</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/volleyball-federations-jado-castar-sentence-reduced-to-eight-months/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301065539/https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/volleyball-federations-jado-castar-sentence-reduced-to-eight-months/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bwiza.com/?Umunyamakuru-Jado-Castar-yafunguwe</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/155364/Sports/gisagara-eye-to-seal-treble-with-carre-daas-title</ref><ref>https://indorerwamo.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-bimikino-jado-castar-na-bayingana-david-ntibakiri-kuri-radio-na-tv-10/</ref><ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/jado-castar-yafunguwe</ref> [[Dosiye:Sport_balls.svg|thumb|Sport balls]] [[Dosiye:All_sports_drawing.svg|thumb|All sports drawing]] === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umutoza]] qfptn17so11xu43azp6n65lkb3ewubl 0 14500 137023 135456 2026-09-14T13:11:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137023 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ISIMBI Christella''' ni umutegarugori akaba umunyamakurukazi  wa [[siporo]] cyane cyane mu mupira w’amaguru kuri radio Fine FM.Isimbi mubuzima busazwe ubundi ni umunyeshuri muri kaminuza aho yiga mu ishami ry’ itangazamakuru.<ref>https://imirasiretv.com/fine-fm-yamaze-gusinyisha-umunyamakuru-wumukobwa-uzasimbura-horaho-axel-werekeje-muri-america/</ref><ref>https://imirasiretv.com/fine-fm-yamaze-gusinyisha-umunyamakuru-wumukobwa-uzasimbura-horaho-axel-werekeje-muri-america/</ref><ref>https://imirasiretv.com/mu-mafoto-ihere-ijisho-uburanga-bwa-isimbi-christella-umunyamakuru-mushya-wasimbuye-horaho-axel-mu-kiganiro-urukiko-rwubujurire/</ref> === Muri siporo === ISIMBI Christella akora mu cy’iganiro cya siporo cyitwa Urukiko rw’ubujurire rw’imikino (siporo), ni ikiganiro gitangira kuva saa yine zamanywa kugeza saa 1:00’ kuri Fine FM. Isimbi Christella kandi akora mu kiganiro cya siporo n’imikino cyitwa Bench ya Sport cy’inyura kuri Televisiyo yitwa Isibo TV .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://imirasiretv.com/ibyo-wamenya-ku-munyamakuru-mushya-wumukobwa-watangiye-gukora-mu-kiganiro-urukiko-rwubujurire-cya-fine-fm/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301071843/https://imirasiretv.com/ibyo-wamenya-ku-munyamakuru-mushya-wumukobwa-watangiye-gukora-mu-kiganiro-urukiko-rwubujurire-cya-fine-fm/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/mu-mafoto-15-ashotorana-reba-uburanga-bwumunyamakurukazi-mushya-waje-gusimbura-axel/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301071843/https://yegob.rw/mu-mafoto-15-ashotorana-reba-uburanga-bwumunyamakurukazi-mushya-waje-gusimbura-axel/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/121610/isibo-tv-yazanye-muramira-regis-aime-na-isimbi-mu-kiganiro-cyimikino-121610.html</ref> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 4lhj9zcv2bcgd6hbvt5tiuj96ynl2p1 0 14503 136912 130192 2026-09-14T13:08:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Butoyi Jean''' ni umunyarwanda w’umunyamakuru w’imikino ukorera  ikinyamakuru cy’igihugu cya RBA. Butoyi ni umuyobozi w’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamakuru mu Rwanda (AJSPOR). Butoyi ni umunjyanama muri komite olepike mu Rwanda akaba n’umufana wa arsenal yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]].<ref>http://isimbi.rw/siporo/abakinnyi-2-b-ibihe-byose-k-umunyamakuru-butoyi-jean-umukino-w-amateka-yogeje-wahuriranye-n-umunsi-yibarutse-imfura</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80608/jean-butoyi-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ishyirahamwe-ry-abany-80608.html</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/uwari-uyoboye-amavubi-muri-cameroon-yahakanye-yivuye-inyuma-ibyo-gusuzugura</ref> === Igitego yogeje === Butoyi Jean yogeje imikino itandukanye yamakipe ndetse n’imikino y’ikipe y’igihugu amavubi, nk’igikombe cya CECAFA Kagame Cup [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] yakuye Zanzibar, umukino wajyanye Amavubi muri CAN 2004 ni we wogeje igitego cya Jimmy Gatete. Yogeje umukino wabaye tariki ya 6 Nyakanga 2003 wo u [[Rwanda]] rwatsinzemo [[Gana|Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://integonews.com/uwari-uhagarariye-abanyamakuru-mu-nteko-rusange-ya-komite-olympic-yaratutswe-ngo-ziba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301072911/https://integonews.com/uwari-uhagarariye-abanyamakuru-mu-nteko-rusange-ya-komite-olympic-yaratutswe-ngo-ziba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202105100104.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/Abanyamakuru-b-imikino-batangiye-imyitozo-ikaze-bitegura-Abarundi</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] pgrjt4jk2awyn84ahctc92j7cfgpewz 0 14507 136944 136016 2026-09-14T13:09:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhawenimana Claude''' ni umusore w’umunyarwanda, yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]] mu Murenge wa Rugabano. Claude Muhawenimana ni umwe mu bafana b’ikipe ya [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] akaba ari n’umuyobozi w’abafana bayo. Yakundishijwe Rayon Sports akiri umwana n’abantu bo mu muryango we bayifanaga.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/menya-claude-muhawenimana-wamamaye-kubera-kwihebera-rayon</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/muhawenimana-claude-yahagaritswe-muri-fan-club-ye</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97894/claude-muhawenimana-na-mike-bahagaritswe-na-rayon-sports-97894.html</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/muhawenimana-ukuriye-abafana-ba-rayon-sports-yamaze-guhagarikwa-n-itsinda</ref> === Muri rayon sports === Muhawenimana yaje  i [[Kigali]] nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda, ubwo Inkotanyi zamurokoraga. Muhawenimana Claude yize ibijyanye n’amahoteri akaba ari na byo akoramo akora kuri Hotel Alpha Palace abifatanya no kuyobora Fan Club za [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] n’abakunzi bayo.<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/amasogisi-yakerereje-umukino-wa-rayon-sports-na-musanze-fc</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/emile-ati-rayon-sports-ni-yo-kipe-itajya-itugora-mukeba-we-claude-ati-burya-si-buno/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/umukuru-wabafana-ba-rayon-yitabye-komisiyo-yubujurire-ya-ferwafa.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201083240/https://ar.umuseke.rw/umukuru-wabafana-ba-rayon-yitabye-komisiyo-yubujurire-ya-ferwafa.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/abafana-ba-rayon-sports-bahawe-umukoro-imbere-ya-costa-do-sol/</ref> === Amashakiro; === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umufana]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 8xbofa9uq13rtrda282a7ad8i6gj3hh 0 14519 137059 136078 2026-09-14T13:12:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137059 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyirahamwe rya Siporo rya Muhanga''' rizwi ku izina rya AS Muhanga ni club y'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] iherereye mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Muhanga]], mu ntara y'[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]]. Kuri ubu iyi kipe irushanwa muri [[Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda|Shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere(1)mu mupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda]], <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Rwanda - Muhanga FC - Results and fixtures - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/rwanda/muhanga-fc/17090/matches/ |access-date=14 March 2019 |website=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> ikinira imikino yayo (iyo yakiriye andi makipe) iwayo kuri Stade ya Karere ka Muhanga. * [[A.S muhanga]] == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/rwanda/muhanga-fc/17090 Umupira w'amaguru] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Muhanga]] 4p47oevjtqtuwtl8vdr8wnd5mgghmta 0 14521 136826 134197 2026-09-14T13:06:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Munyakazi Sadate''' yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]] ni umunyarwanda akaba umwana w’imfura mu muryango w’abana 4, ababyeyi be bahitanywe na Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda, akaba afite abana 5, yavutse mu muryango w’abakristo katurika, akaba yarakuze yitwa David aje mu idini ya Isilam. Munyakazi akaba yarabyaye akiri umwana afite imyaka 17 gusa.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/ibintu-byahinduye-isura-hagati-ya-dr-frank-habineza-na-munyakazi-sadate/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/uwahoze-ari-perezida-wa-rayon-sports-yandikiye-minisports-ayinenga-ku-cyemezo-yafashe/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/rayon-sports-irifashisha-perezida-kagame-mu-gukemura-ibibazo-ifitanye-na-ferwafa/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/munyakazi-sadate-yavuze-amagambo-akoneye-kuri-rayon-sports-anakebura-ubuyobozi-buyiyobora/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/sadate-yasabiye-ikintu-gikomeye-kapiteni-wikipe-yigihugu-ya-basketbal-wemeye-gushyingiranwa-numukobwa-mugenzi-weamafoto/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/mwari-muri-kurahirira-gusenya-rayon-umufana-yibasira-sadate-nyuma-yifoto-ari-kurahira/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/abafana-ba-rayon-sports-bamaze-kwitanga-arenga-miliyoni-4-yo-kugoboka-ikipe-muri-ibi-bihe-byo-kurwanya-covid-19/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/perezida-wa-rayon-sports-yavuze-ku-kibazo-cyabakinnyi-bari-kwigumura-kubera-kudahembwa/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?Munyakazi-Sadate-mu-bo-Rayon-Sports-ibereyo-imyenda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2020-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003232625/http://bwiza.com/?Munyakazi-Sadate-mu-bo-Rayon-Sports-ibereyo-imyenda |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/rayon-sports-irifashisha-perezida-kagame-mu-gukemura-ibibazo-ifitanye-na-ferwafa/</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/munyakazi-sadate-n-umuhungu-we-baguze-itike-ya-saison-ya-miliyoni-1-frw</ref><ref>https://www.goal.com/en/news/munyakazi-rayon-sports-president-handed-six-month-ban-by-ferwafa/ikth1at7hu71o998wt7zzldn</ref> == Ibyo yize == Munyakazi Sadate yize ibijyanye n’ubukungu, yaminuje mu bwubatsi akaba ari rwiyemezamirimo mu bwubatsi. Sadate akaba ari umuyobozi wa kampani ya MK card, Munyakazi Sadate yabaye umuyobozi na Peresida wa ikipe ya [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports Fc]] kuva muri 2018 kugeza 2021 akaba yararanzwe nukuri .<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/munyakazi-sadate/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/Menya-byinshi-kuri-Munyakazi-Sadate-wabyaye-afite-imyaka-17-Video</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/munyakazi-sadate-yandikiye-perezida-kagame-amusaba-kumufasha-gukemura-ibibazo</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97254/munyakazi-sadate-yegujwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-rayon-sports-nabo-yita-abagambanyi-97254.html</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ibyo-navuze-ntabwo-ndisubiraho-murabeho-munyakazi-sadate-yasezeye-muri-ruhago</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/munyakazi-sadate-yivuze-ibigwi-ku-masezerano-ya-skol-na-rayon-sports/</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/munyakazi-sadate-yisubiyeho-atanga-integuza-ku-bamwishimye-hejuru</ref><ref>https://indorerwamo.com/sadate-munyakazi-yahaye-isezerano-rikomeye/</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/umuhanzi-nyarwanda-yakoze-indirimbo-yifuriza-urupfu-munyakazi-sadate-wahoze-ari-perezida-wa-rayon-sports/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/munyakazi-sadate-wayoboye-rayon-sports-bamushushanyije-mu-buryo-bwarwaje-benshi-imbavu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301105631/https://yegob.rw/munyakazi-sadate-wayoboye-rayon-sports-bamushushanyije-mu-buryo-bwarwaje-benshi-imbavu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.therwandan.com/ki/sadate-munyakazi-mu-butabera-umuryango-wa-anatole-nsengiyumva-yise-umwanda-uhumanya-wahagurutse/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301105626/https://www.therwandan.com/ki/sadate-munyakazi-mu-butabera-umuryango-wa-anatole-nsengiyumva-yise-umwanda-uhumanya-wahagurutse/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://radiotv10.rw/ariko-umuco-mbonezabupfura-hari-abo-utareba-umukozi-winteko-yanenze-imvugo-ya-sadate/</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/munyakazi-sadate-na-bagenzi-be-bari-abayobozi-ba-rayon-sport-fc-bambuwe-ububasha-bwo-gukomeza-kuyiyobora/</ref> == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] arw5v68kf9qv3i947ni6lyxi34wzfey 0 14565 136877 121611 2026-09-14T13:07:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136877 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Equipe du Burkina Faso.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] '''Ruhango WVC''' ni ikipe ya Ruhango WVC y’abagore ni ni ikipe ishingiye ku [[Akarere ka Ruhango|karere ka ruhang]]<nowiki/>o mu  [[Rwanda]], iyi kipe y’abagore ikina imikino ya maboko ya volleyball muri shampiyona yigihugu nandi marushanwa ategurwa na [[FRVB]], federasiyo y’umukino wa maboko mu Rwanda..<ref>https://rushyashya.net/reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-begukanye-igikombe-cyirushanwa-ryubutwari-2023-mu-mukino-wa-volleyball/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-begukanye-igikombe-cyirushanwa-ryubutwari-2023-mu-mukino-wa-volleyball</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230324195030/https://sportnewsafrica.com/breve/volleyball-apr-vc-et-reg-vc-gagnent-la-coupe-des-heros/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/reg-vc-na-apr-vc-zegukanye-irushanwa-ry-abasora-neza-muri-volleyball</ref> == Amarushanwa == Ruhango WVC yatwaye umwanya 4 mu irushanwa y’ igikombe cya shampiyona y’abagore mu volleyball ya 2022 na 2023, yitabiriye kandi Igikombe Cy’irushanwa Ry’ubutwari 2023, irongera yitabira mugikombe mu [[Irushanwa ry'Abasora neza|Irushanwa ry’Abasora neza]] muri Volleyball, ndetse yanitabiriye amarushwa atandukanye yohanze yigihugu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-apr-y-abagore-yegukanye-shampiyona-reg-vc-yiyongerera-amahirwe</ref><ref>https://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/reg-vc-yegukanye-igikombe-cya-shampiyona-igitwariye-kuri-apr-vc</ref><ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=13323&fbclid=IwAR17itxI3z-5UZ_CEDqqk7aXjPi8fyxODlAbGFExkkEcZNPK6ahFuApg2bs</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230302073626/https://magazine.mkuit.ac.rw/apr-wvc-and-reg-vc-win-rwanda-national-heroes-day-volleyball-tournament/</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] jfzq78ezkq3w6tt3k1o9lriu2lzl8zq 0 14584 136878 136101 2026-09-14T13:07:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136878 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tuyishimire Angelique''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba  umukinnyi w’umupira w’amaguru wabigize umwuga, akaba akinira ikipe y’[[Umugore|abagore]] muri shampiyona y'icyiciro cya Kabiri mu mupira w’abagore mu [[Rwanda]] akaba akinira [[YOUVIA WFC]] akaba yarayifashije kuzamuka akayizana muri shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere ategurwa na [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|Ishirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/iminsi-ibiri-irashize-tuyishimire-angelique-ari-muri-koma-nyuma-yo-kunanirwa-kwakira-gutsindwa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://byoseonline.rw/kigali-abakinnyi-bane-bananiwe-kwakira-insinzwi-bajyanwa-chuk-umwe-ari-muri-koma/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=kigali-abakinnyi-bane-bananiwe-kwakira-insinzwi-bajyanwa-chuk-umwe-ari-muri-koma |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302133440/https://byoseonline.rw/kigali-abakinnyi-bane-bananiwe-kwakira-insinzwi-bajyanwa-chuk-umwe-ari-muri-koma/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=kigali-abakinnyi-bane-bananiwe-kwakira-insinzwi-bajyanwa-chuk-umwe-ari-muri-koma |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/tuyishimire-wagiye-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa-kw-ikipe-ye-amerewe-ate</ref><ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/iminsi-3-umukinnyi-w-umunyarwanda-ari-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=61105 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302125023/https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=61105 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umuringa.net/author/alpha/page/40/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302145059/https://www.umuringa.net/author/alpha/page/40/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114521/nyuma-yo-kunanirwa-kuzamuka-mu-cyiciro-cya-mbere-itsinzwe-na-kayonza-wfc-umukinnyi-wa-youv-114521.html</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201201300111.html</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/66798/National/six-rwandans-lined-up-for-heart-surgery-in-sudan</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/wa-mukinnyi-wa-youvia-wfc-waguye-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa-yavuye-muri-koma |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302125023/https://www.thechoicelive.com/wa-mukinnyi-wa-youvia-wfc-waguye-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa-yavuye-muri-koma |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro; === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] c9qowklvlmu3oe1wk22w8kzzydac8fa 0 14617 136879 106933 2026-09-14T13:07:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136879 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Day 67 Bateleur (Terathopius ecaudatus) immature female ... (53354930085).jpg|thumb|293x293px|Bateleur]] == Igisiga cya bateleur == [[Dosiye:Bataleur - Kruger National park (37161617713).jpg|thumb|294x294px]] Bateleur cyangwa se terathopius ecaudatus ni inyoni yo mu muryango wa acciipitriade bikunze gufatwa nkimwe mu nkomgoro bitirira inzoka, ishyirwa mu bice bya circaetinea. ni imwe mu zigize ubwoko bwa terathopius.kandi ishobora inkomoko y'inyoni za zambiya [https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zimbabwe-bird.html] == Bateleur == Bateleur ni inyoni nini idasanzwe, birashoboka kwari iyakabiri mu burebure mu bwoko bwa circaetinea , kugeza ubu igisiga kinini ni igisiga cyo mumuryango wa kagoma ya filipine iyirenzeho inshuro ebyiri. [[Dosiye:Bateleur (Terathopius ecaudatus) - Flickr - Lip Kee.jpg|thumb|363x363px|Bateleur]] Bateleur ifite (55 to 70cm (22 to 28 in) mu burebure iyo bwiyongereye igera kuri (63.5cm (25.0 in). amababa yayo angana na (168 to 190cm (5 ft 6 kuri 6 ft 3 in)[https://ebird.org/species/batele1] imirire naho kuba [https://animalia.bio/bateleur][https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=6CBD872456996F41][http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/bateleur-terathopius-ecaudatus] 92ykwzltrtevpy3mg2k0jq0oz9kk1ad 0 14640 136979 134215 2026-09-14T13:10:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136979 wikitext text/x-wiki == Pygmy Falcon == [[Dosiye:Polihierax semitorquatus -Buffalo Springs National Park, Kenya-8.jpg|thumb]] NI Inyoni y'inyamanswa ikomoka mu burasirazuba bwa afrika yepfo ni ubwoko bwonyine bushirwa Polihierax. falcon kandi ikunda kuba mu gihuru cyumye.iboneka muri sudan yepfo kugera muri somaliya, uganda,angola, kugera mu majyaruguru ya afrika yepfo. uru ruhererekane bufite ubuso bwa Million 2.7km ' square, ubushakashatsi buvugako inyoni zose hamwe ziri hagati ya 100,000 na million. [https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/african-pygmy-falcon][https://ebird.org/species/pygfal1][https://www.peregrinefund.org/explore-raptors-species/falcons/african-pygmy-falcon][https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pygfal1/cur/introduction][https://web.archive.org/web/20230304145949/https://www.zoonewengland.org/franklin-park-zoo/our-animals/birds/african-pygmy-falcon/] hllnon0ub3t5v71f15tjenht3v1ik50 0 14701 136793 111632 2026-09-14T13:05:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136793 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bâtiment du ministère de la santé du à Kigali au Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Inyubako ikoreramo minisiteri y'ubuzima.]] == Minisiteri y'ubuzima == Minisiteri y’Ubuzima mu mwaka wa 2019 yasabye abafite amavuriro n’abavura badafite ibyangombwa guhagarika ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi kuko bigira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abaturage; ndetse banasaba gutangira inzira yo kubishaka ku nzego zibishinzwe. [[Dosiye:Coiled_Life_Cycle.png|thumb|umuzenguruko w'ubuzima ]] == Ibyo wamenya kuri gahunda == [[Dosiye:A One Medical clinic in Bethesda, Maryland 01.jpg|thumb|Clinic zigomba kwubahiriza amabwiriza ya ministeri yubuziama]] Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yasabaga abafite amavuriro yigenga ko bagomba guhora bubahiriza amategeko n’amabwiriza yashyizeho cyane cyane itegeko N° 10/98 rigenga umwuga w’ubuvuzi n’iteka rya Minisitiri Nº20/39 of 29/01/2016 rigena ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi bigomba gutangwa kuri buri rwego rw’ivuriro.<ref name=":0">https://www.moh.gov.rw/news-detail/minisiteri-yubuzima-irasaba-abafite-amavuriro-yigenga-akora-ku-buryo-butemewe-namategeko-kubihagarika</ref>Nkuko byagaragaye mu igenzura risanzwe rikorwa mu mavuriro yigenga; u mwaka wa 2019 Minisiteri y’Ubuzima ifatanyije n’ikigo gishinzwe iperereza (RIB) mu igenzura yari iheruka gukora muri uko kwezi kwa Mata mu mwaka wa 2019 ryari rigamije kureba ko ayo mavuriro n’abayakoramo bafite ibyangombwa bisabwa na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima kandi bubahiriza amategeko agenga amavuriro yigenga n’agenga abakora ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi, hagaragaye amavuriro menshi atujuje ibyangombwa.Mu turere twa Nyarugenge, Gasabo na Kicukiro hagaragayemo amavuriro 15 atujuje ibisabwa kandi iki gikorwa kiracyakomeza. Ayo mavuriro yafunzwe kandi ba nyirayo bagiye gukurikiranwa n'amategeko.<ref name=":0" />Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yasabye inzego zose cyane cyane inzego z’ibanze kugira uruhare mu kugenzura ko hari amavuriro yigenga akomeza gukora atujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko,basaba kuyagaragaza agafatirwa ibihano biteganywa n'amategeko ahana ushyira ubuzima bw'abanyarwanda mu kaga.Minisiteri y’Ubuzima irasaba abafite amavuriro n'abayakoreramo batujuje ibyangombwa kwegera inzego zibishinzwe kugira ngo bahabwe ibyangombwa bituma bakora mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko niba bujuje ibisabwa.Minisiteri y’Ubuzima irakomeza kwizeza abanyarwanda ko ikomeye ku ntego yo kubungabunga ubuzima bwabo. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 4xxijx7q5m5co5rz90ghireq6lz8947 0 14777 136913 120503 2026-09-14T13:08:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niyonkuru''' '''Abraham''' (wavutse ku ya 26 Ukuboza 1989) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] wiruka muri marato ya metero 10,000. Niyonkuru yitabiriye imikino y'Olempike yo mu 2016 yabereye i [[Rio de Janeiro]], muri [[Burezile|Burezili]]. Mu mikino Olempike, . Niyonkuru yanitabiriye amarushanwa ya Shampiyona y’abato ku isi, Amarushanwa abiri y’isi, Jeux de la Francophonie, Shampiyona y’abasirikare ku isi, Shampiyona y’imikino ngororamubiri na Marato ya Auray-Vannes.<ref name=":0" /> == Irushanwa == Umukino wa mbere wa Niyonkuru yari muri Shampiyona y'isi ya IAAF 2005. Yarushanwe mu marushanwa y'abato yarangije ku mwanya wa 33 mu bakinnyi 133 [lower-alpha 1] akoresheje iminota 25 n'amasegonda 32. <ref name=":0">"Abraham Niyonkuru" . Rio 2016. Archived from the original on 25 November 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.</ref> Muri 2005 Jeux de la Francophonie Niyonkuru yarushanwe muri metero 10,000. <ref>"Profile of Abraham Niyonkuru" . All-Athletics. Retrieved 26 October 2016.</ref> Niyonkuru yarangije ku mwanya wa kane mu minota 29 n'amasegonda 18.08, amasegonda 0.03 nu mudari wa silver, Maroc Abderrahim Goumri. Niyonkuru yahise yitabira Shampiyona y'urubyiruko ku isi mu 2006. <ref>"Junior Race – M – FINAL" . IAAF. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2016.</ref> Yarangije ku mwanya wa gatanu muri metero 10,000 akoresheje iminota 28 n'amasegonda 59.92. Yasubiye inyuma ho amasegonda inyuma inyuma yuwatsinze iri siganwa, Ibrahim Jeilan wo muri Etiyopiya. Mu 2007, Niyonkuru yitabiriye igikombe cy'isi cy'abato 2007. <ref>"Les Rėsultats Des Compétitions" (in French). Athlétisme Magazine. Retrieved 26 October 2016.</ref> Yarangije ku mwanya wa 13 mu minota 24 n'amasegonda 56. Yarangije amasegonda 49 inyuma yuwabonye umudali wa zahabu, Umunyakenya Asbel Kiprop. Mu mikino ya gisirikare yisi ya 2009, Niyonkuru yegukanye umudari wa feza muri metero 10,000. <ref>"World Junior Athletics History" . WJAH. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2016.</ref> Igihe cye cy'iminota 29 n'amasegonda 37.14 cyari amasegonda 23.67 inyuma yuwabonye yumudari wa zahabu, Essa Ismail Rashed wo muri Qatar. Niyonkuru yarushije amasegonda 4.97 imbere yumudari wa bronze, [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] El Akhdar Hachani . Niyonkuru yatsinze igice cya Marato ya Auray-Vannes 2015 mu isaha imwe iminota itatu amasegonda makumyabiri. <ref>"Junior Race Men" . IAAF. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2016.</ref> Mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2016, Niyonkuru yitabiriye marato y'abagabo ku ya 21 Kanama 2016, ariko ntiyarangije urushanwa. <ref>"Palmarès Semi Marathon" (in French). Auray Vannes. Retrieved 26 October 2016.</ref> Muri 2017 yitabiriye marato y'abagabo muri Shampiyona y'isi, ashyira ku mwanya wa 71 akoresheje 2:42:27. <ref>"Palmarès Semi Marathon" (in French). Auray Vannes. Retrieved 26 October 2016.</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] 2tuty24xm4pfj1s9q872r8yokm3ynfq 0 14905 136980 136042 2026-09-14T13:10:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136980 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb]] == MINISITERI Y’UBUTABERA == == IGITABO GIKUBIYEMO SERIVISI MINISITERI Y’UBUTABERA IHA ABATURAGE == Aho tubarizwa: '''MINISITERI Y’ UBUTABERA''' Agasanduku k’Iposita 160 Kigali – Rwanda Telefone itishyura : 3936 (MTN) ; 3736 (Airtel). E-mail : info@minijust.gov.rw Website : www.minijust.gov.rw Twitter : @Rwanda_Justice Facebook : Ministry of Justice - Rwanda Instagram: @rwanda_justice == Iriburiro == Nejejwe no kubagezaho igitabo gikubiyemo serivisi zitangwa na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera. Iki gitabo cyateguwe hashingiwe kuri gahunda y’Igihugu y’ivugurura rifite icyerekezo cyo kuzamura ubushobozi bw’abakozi n’ibigo, hagamijwe kandi gutanga serivisi zinoze hanagerwa ku ntego nkuru y’Iterambere ry’Igihugu. Na none ibi bigakorwa bigamije gusubiza ibibazo by’abaturage, bigakorwa mu mucyo kandi abantu bakabazwa ibyo bakora. Iki gitabo kigaragaza uruhare rwa Minisiteri y’Ubutabera mu itangwa rya serivisi mu Rwanda kikanerekana serivisi zitangwa n’ibikenerwa kugira ngo uzihabwe. Kigaragaza kandi urutonde rw’aho izo serivisi zitangirwa n’ibyo amategeko yemerera umuntu kugira ngo abone izo serivisi. Ishyirwaho ry’iki gitabo gikubiyemo serivisi zihabwa Abaturage ryerekana ubushake Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ifite mu itangwa rya serivisi nziza kandi zihuse. Dr Emmanuel UGIRASHEBUJA [[Dosiye:Noun Justice 2332579.svg|thumb|Ikirango cyubutabera]] Minisitiri w’Ubutabera / Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta == IMPINE Z’AMAGAMBO == MAJ: Maison d’Accès à la Justice /Access to Justice Bureau /Inzu zishinzwe kugira inama abaturage mu bijyanye n’amategeko MINIJUST: Minisiteri y’Ubutabera IECMS: Integrated Electronic Case Management System /Urubuga rw’ikoranabuhanga mu gutanga serivisi z’ubutabera == Ibirimo == II. Iriburiro III. Impine z’amagambo 1. Intangiriro 1.1. Icyerekezo 1.2. Intego 1.3. Inshingano 1.4. Indangagaciro z’ingenzi 2. Serivisi zitangwa na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera 2.1. Kuburanira Leta 2.2. Gukemura impaka / Ibibazo mu bwumvikane 2.3. Kwishyura uwatsinze urwego rwa Leta mu rubanza 2.4. Kwishyura umwenda ufitiye Leta 2.4.1. KoroherezaushakakwishyuraumwendaafitiyeLeta 2.4.2. KwishyuzwakugahatoumwendawaLeta 2.5. Gukurwa ku rutonde rw’abafitiye Leta umwenda 2.6. Kugira inama Leta mu bijyanye n’amategeko 2.7. Guhamya no gushyira umukono ku nyandiko (Serivisi za Notariya) 2.8. Gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuba umunoteri wikorera 2.9. Gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuba umuhesha w’Inkiko w’umwuga 2.10. Guhuza obokorwa byose byerekeranye n’irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha no gukurikirana ibibazo bigaragaramo 2.11. Gutanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko ku bibazo by’akarengane byashyikirijwe Minisiteri 2.12. Kwegereza ubutabera abaturage (MAJ) 2.13. Kwishyura inyemezabuguzi zirebana na serivisi, ibigemurwa cyangwa imirimo byahawe cyangwa byakorewe Minisiteri 2.14. Gutanga ibyemezo by’abahoze ari abakozi ba Minisiteri y’Ubutabera 2.15. Gutanga ibyangombwa byo kurangiza amasoko 2.16. Gusubiza ingwate zatanzwe mu gupiganira cyamunara 2.17. Gutangaza mu Igazeti ya Leta. iv == 1. Intangiriro == Igitabo gikubiyemo serivisi zitangwa na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera kigaragaza serivisi iyi Minisiteri igenera abayigana. Ni muri urwo rwego musanga iki gitabo gikubiyemo serivisi zitandukanye n’aho zitangirwa, uburyo zitangwa, igihe zitangirwa n’uburyo abatanyuzwe na serivisi bahawe banyuramo bagaragaza ibibazo kugira ngo barenganurwe. Iki gitabo kigaragaza izi ngingo zikurikira: • Icyerekezo n’intego bya Minisiteri y’Ubutabera byerekana ubushake bwo gutanga serivisi nziza kandi zinoze muri ubu buryo bukurikira: '''➢ Ubunyangamugayo;''' '''➢ Hubahirizwa amategeko;''' '''➢ Mu bwitonzi n’ubupfura;''' '''➢ Mu bwumvikane;''' '''➢ Mu kuri no kudatoranya;''' '''➢ Mu mucyo;''' '''➢ Kugaragaza ibyo ikora;''' '''➢ Gukorera ku gihe;''' '''➢ Gutanga serivisi nziza kandi ku gihe cyabigenewe.''' • Isesengura rya serivisi zitangwa na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera: '''➢ Kugaragaza neza serivisi zitangwa na Minisiteri;''' '''➢ Kwerekana ishami serivisi zitangirwamo. Muri ubu buryo abaturage bazamenya''' neza Ishami cyangwa ibiro bagana, bityo bahabwe serivisi badatakaje igihe n’ingufu zo gutegereza; ➢ Kugaragaza igihe nyacyo bitwara kugira ngo buri serivisi itangwe. Ibi bizaha abaturage amakuru y’ingirakamaro bibarinde guhora mu nzira no gukubita amaguru y’ubusa; ➢ Gushyiraho ibipimo bya serivisi nziza hagaragazwa amasaha bitwara kugira ngo umuturage abone serivisi, uburyo serivisi ziboneka, ukuri kuba mu itangwa ry’izo serivisi, icyizere cyo gukomeza kubona izo serivisi, niba umuturage ashobora kuyigeraho, uburyo yumvikanishwa, mu kuri, uburemere bifite n’ubwitonzi mu gutanga serivisi. Hashingiwe kuri ibi, abaturage bashobora kwizera gutera imbere; ➢ Amakuru nyayo ku nyandiko zisabwa n’uburyo bwo kubona serivisi muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera. Urugero: ibyangombwa bikenewe kwerekanwa n’impapuro zigomba kuzuzwa n’umuturage ushaka serivisi. '''• Gusobanura neza ibyiciro by’abantu bemerewe kwaka buri serivisi muri MINIJUST;''' '''• Kugaragaza abakozi bashinzwe gutanga buri serivisi n’aho babarizwa ndetse n’uburyo''' '''bwo kubahamagara cyangwa kubandikira igihe bibaye ngombwa;''' '''• Uburyo bwo kurenganurwa igihe udahawe serivisi cyangwa se uburyo wayihawemo butakunogeye;''' '''• Uko umuturage ashobora gutanga inama n’ibitekerezo ku buryo buhoraho hagamijwe guteza imbere no kunoza imitangire ya serivisi muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera.''' Iki Gitabo gikubiyemo serivisi zihabwa abaturage ni igikoresho cyo kugeza amakuru ahagije kandi asobanutse ku bagana serivisi za Minisiteri y’Ubutabera no gushyiraho ibipimo hagamijwe kwimakaza umuco wo gukorera mu kuri. Kubera ko serivisi zigomba kujyana n’ibyifuzo by’abaturage, Minisiteri y’Ubutabera yiyemeje kubamenyesha Serivisi bashobora gusaba, inshingano n’uburenganzira bwabo igihe bashaka izo Serivisi. Kubera kandi ko Minisiteri y’Ubutabera isanga itakora ibi yonyine, niyo mpamvu isaba Abaturarwanda guhoza ijisho ku bakozi bayo kugira ngo babakorere ibibakwiye, bibereye, kandi bifite ireme no gutanga amakuru asobanutse kuri serivisi bifuza no gukuraho inzitizi zose zatuma itangwa rya serivisi ridatera imbere. Mu byukuri, kugira ngo ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ iki Gitabo gikubiyemo Serivisi rishoboke, Minisiteri y’Ubutabera yizeye ko hazakomeza kubaho ubufatanye no guhana amakuru n’abaturage bayigana bashaka serivisi. Niyo mpamvu hashyizweho uburyo bunoze bwo kugisha inama abagana serivisi zayo: '''• Ifishi cyangwa urupapuro byandikwaho ibitekerezo n’inama zitangwa n’abagana Minisiteri y’Ubutabera;''' '''• Agasanduku k’ibitekerezo kaboneka aho binjirira;''' '''• Umurongo wa telefoni utishyurwa;''' '''• Gusesengura imibare n’imiterere y’ibibazo by’abatishimiye serivisi bahawe;''' '''• Uburyo bwo kurenganurwa no gukemura ibibazo bugaragaza inzira abagana MINIJUST banyuramo batanga ibitekerezo kuri serivisi bahabwa.''' Kugira ngo dushobore kubaha serivisi neza, abatugana badufasha kuzamura imikorere mu buryo bukurikira: '''• Gutanga inama ku buryo bunoza serivisi zitangirwa muri MINIJUST;''' '''• Guhanahana amakuru ku buryo serivisi zitangwa muri MINIJUST binyujijwe mu''' '''miyoboro insurance y’itumanaho rikoresha Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho;''' '''• Kwakira neza inama muhabwa n’abakozi ba Minisiteri y’Ubutabera.''' Twakira, twemere kandi tunashakire ibisubizo ibibazo byose twakiriye mu gihe cy’ iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) y’akazi. Mu gihe ikibazo kizaba gisaba gukorerwa iperereza rihagije n’igihe cyo kugikemura, tuzakumenyesha igihe nyacyo cyo kuza gufata igisubizo. Aho wabariza: == MINISITERI Y’ UBUTABERA == Agasanduku k’Iposita 160 Kigali – Rwanda Telefone itishyura : 3936 (MTN) ; 3736 (Airtel). E-mail : info@minijust.gov.rw Website : www.minijust.gov.rw Twitter : @Rwanda_Justice Facebook : Ministry of Justice - Rwanda Instagram: @rwanda_justice == 1.1. Icyerekezo == Guteza imbere no gushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amategeko mu Gihugu, hashyirwaho kureshya imbere y’amategeko ku bantu bose no kureba ko inzego zifite amategeko mu nshingano ziyashyira mu bikorwa ziha serivisi rubanda nk’uko bikwiye. == 1.2. Intego == Minisiteri y’Ubutabera/Serivisi z’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta ifite intego yo gutegura, kugenzura no guteza imbere ibikorwa bijyanye no kugendera ku mategeko, iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’ubutabera kuri bose. == 1.3. Inshingano == Minisiteri y’Ubutabera/Serivisi z’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta ifite inshingano rusange yo gushyiraho no kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’ubutabera kuri bose. By’umwihariko, Minisiteri y’Ubutabera/Serivisi z’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta ishinzwe ibi bikurikira: 1. Gushyiraho, kumenyekanisha no guhuza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki, ingamba na gahunda binyuze mu: a. gutangiza, gushyiraho no kumenyekanisha politiki y’Igihugu, ingamba na gahunda bijyanye no guteza imbere iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’ubutabera kuri bose; b. Guteza imbere gahunda zo gufasha abaturage kumenya no gusobanukirwa amategeko n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, no guteza imbere ubutabera kuri bose; c. Guteza imbere ubutwererane hagati y’inzego z’ubucamanza zo mu karere n’izo ku rwego Mpuzamahanga hagamijwe kurushaho kunoza imikorere y’inzego z’ubucamanza z’u Rwanda. 2. Gutegura no guhuza ibikorwa bijyanye n’amategeko binyuze mu: a. Gushyiraho ingamba zirebana no kugena imitangire y’ubutabera n’iyubahirizwa ry’Itegeko Nshinga;; b. Gushyiraho ingamba zigamije gushyiraho ireme ry’urwego rw’ubutabera, mu bijyanye n’ubwiyunge mu gihugu, kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, ubutabera kuri bose bwegerejwe abaturage, kurwanya ruswa no guteza imbere uburenganzira bwa muntu; c. Gushyiraho ingamba zigamije kunoza imyandikire y’amategeko no guhuza amategeko n’amabwiriza by’Igihugu n’amategeko mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono, rwemeye kuba umunyamuryango cyangwa rwemeje burundu; 3. Gutanga inama ku mategeko no guhagararira Leta n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho binyuze mu: a. Gukora nk’umujyanama mukuru utanga inama za tekiniki kuri Leta n’ibigo byayo mu bijyanye n’amategeko; b. Guhagararira Leta mu manza zose iregwamo cyangwa yahamagawemo haba imbere mu Gihugu cyangwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga; 4. Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kongerera ubushobozi Urwego rw’Ubutabera hagamijwe kunoza imikorere n’imitunganyirize yarwo; 5. Gukurikirana no kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki, ingamba na gahunda by’Urwego rw’Ubutabera n’inzego zirushamikiyeho, binyuze mu: a. Gushyiraho no gukoresha ibipimo bifasha mu ikurikirana n’igenzura ry’impinduka zizanwa na politiki, ingamba na gahunda by’Urwego rw’Ubutabera mu guteza imbere ubutabera no kubwegereza abaturage; b. Guhuza imibare itangwa n’Urwego rw’Ubutabera n’inzego z’imitegekere y’Igihugu zegerejwe abaturage ku birebana n’ubutabera; c. Gushyikiriza Guverinoma raporo ngarukabihe na ngarukamwaka ku mpinduka zizanwa na Politiki, ingamba, gahunda n’imishinga ku kugendera ku mategeko mu Rwanda; d. Kwegeranya ibikenewe mu guteza imbere Urwego rw’Ubutabera na gahunda zirebana na rwo; 6. Gukorana bya hafi n’inzego z’abaturage zishinzwe umutekano wa buri munsi w’abaturage; 7. Gushyiraho politiki, amabwiriza, ingamba na gahunda bigamije gukumira ikorwa ry’ibyaha no kurinda ko abakora ibyaha babisubira; 8. Gutegura igenamigambi rigamije iterambere ry’ubumenyi no kongera ubushobozi; 9. Gutangaza amategeko n’amabwiriza mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda; 10. Kugena ikiguzi cyo gutangaza inyandiko mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. 1.4. INDANGAGACIRO Z’INGENZI Kubera ko Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ari urwego rushinzwe kwimakaza umuco w’ubutabera mu gihugu, izi ndangagaciro nizo ziza imbere: kurangwa n’ubunyamwuga, guhanga udushya, kuba inyangamugayo, gukorera hamwe, umucyo, kubazwa ibyo wakoze no kuba umunyakuri. == 2. SERIVISIZITANGWANAMINISITERIY’UBUTABERA 2.1. KUBURANIRA LETA ==   Serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Kuburanira Leta Iyi serivisi ihabwa Inzego za Leta zifuza ko MINIJUST iziburanira Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta        Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Hagenderwa kuri gahunda yo kuburana Urukiko rwatanze Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Iyi serivisi itangirwa ubuntu    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    - Inyandiko ibisaba yabigenewe yuzuzwamo amakuru n’urwego rubisaba ; - Inama y’umunyamategeko w’urwo rwego kuri icyo kibazo; - Ibimenyetso byose byafasha mu kuburana urwo rubanza; - Izi dosiye zigomba kugera kuri MINIJUST byibuze mbere y’iminsi itanu (5) ibarwa kuva babonye imyanzuro; - Ku madosiye yaje muri IECMS (Ku nzego zidafite access kuriyo) MINIJUST iboherereza imyanzuro y’ikirego ibasaba gutanga amakuru n’ibimenyetso byangombwa kuriyo; - Ibisabwa bigomba kugera muri MINIJUST byibuze mu minsi (2) ibarwa kuva bashyikirijwe iyo myanzuro y’ikirego.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe   - Rugishyikirizwa hamagara (Urupapuro ruhamagaza kuza kuburana) Urwego rwa Leta rwifuza kuburanirwa na MINIJUST rugomba guhita rubimenyesha MINIJUST bitarenze umunsi umwe bakimara kuyibona; - Iyi hamagara kandi ishyikirizwa ibiro bya MINIJUST bicunga amadosiye y’imanza mbere y’iminsi 2. Mu gihe ari hamagara yihuta (mu gihe k’imanza zihuta) ushobora kuvugana na Bwana MANIRARORA J. Bosco; 0788574960 / 0738574960; jbosco.manirarora@minijust.gov.rw; Bwana KAMUGISHA Robert; Telephone: 0788581308 / 0738581308; E-mail: robert.kamugisha@minijust.gov.rw Telephone: E-mail: cyangwa     Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?     Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana Ntwali Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208/0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa - Inyandiko yuzuzwamo amakuru n’urwego rusaba kunganirwa mu Rukiko.   == 2.2. Gukemura impaka / ibibazo mu bwumvikane ==   Serivisi ni iyihe? Gukemura impaka / ibibazo mu bwumvikane    Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?    Iyi serivisi ihabwa: - inzego za Leta zibona zifite amahirwe make cyane yo gutsinda urubanza mu gihe zakomeza mu Nkiko; - buri wese wumva yararenganyijwe na Leta kandi afite amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda urubanza mu gihe agannye Inkiko. Ishami ryo kubarizamo Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta    Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Amezi atatu Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Iyi serivisi itangirwa ubuntu    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    A. Ku nzego za Leta - Ibaruwa isaba ko ikibazo ufite cyakemurwa mu bwumvikane; - Kugaragaza ibyo mwumva mwakwishyura uwo mufitanye ikibazo n’impamvu; - Kugaragaza ibyo mwumva mudashobora kwigomwa n’impamvu yabyo. B. Ku bandi batari inzego za Leta - Ibaruwa isaba ko ikibazo ufite cyakemurwa mu bwumvikane; - Ibimenyetso ushingiraho werekana ko Leta yakurenganyije, ibyo usaba ko wahabwa ndetse nibyo wumva wa kwigomwa mu gihe ikibazo gikemutse mu bwumvikane ; - Icyemezo cyerekana umwirondoro we – kopi y’irangamuntu, urwandiko rw’abajya mu mahanga (ku banyamahanga ) n’ibindi; - Ibaruwa ibisaba igaragaraho numero ya Konti ye amafaranga azashyirwaho. Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe Habanza kubaho inama ibanziriza iya Komite y’ubwumvikane yiga dosiye yawe igizwe n’abanyamategeko ba MINIJUST ndetse n’urwego rwa Leta rubifitemo inyungu. Iyo basanze dosiye ikwiye gukomeza mu bwumvikane ishyikirizwa Komite y’ubwumvikane. Mu nama ya Komite y’ubwumvikane hatumizwa abafite inyungu bose muri iyo dosiye bakagira ibyo bemeranya. Iyo ubwumvikane bugezweho hakorwa amasezerano y’ibyemeranyijwe agashyikirizwa Urwego rwa Leta rurebwa n’icyo kibazo kandi agasinywa n’impande zose zirebwa n’icyo kibazo.    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana Ntwali Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208/0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo == 2.3. Kwishyura uwatsinze mu rubanza urwego rwa leta ==   Serivisiniiyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Kwishyura uwatsinze Urwego rwa Leta mu rubanza rwabaye ntakuka Iyi serivisi ihabwa buri wese watsinze Leta mu rubanza rwabaye ndakuka Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta        Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Iyo amafaranga yatsindiye mu rubanza ahari / yateganyijwe mu ngengo y’imari, ayahabwa mu minsi 45 ariko iyo atateganyijwe amenyeshwa ko agomba gutegereza kuzayahabwa mu mezi atatu (3) ya mbere y’umwaka w’ingengo y’imari ikurikiyeho. Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Iyi serivisi itangirwa ubuntu    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    A) Ibikenewe ku watsinze Urwego rwa Leta rutari MINIJUST kugira ngo yishyurwe - Ibaruwa imenyesha MINIJUST imikirize y’urubanza; - Icyemezo cy’urukiko kuri urwo rubanza ndetse n’icyemeza ko cyabaye itegeko. B) IbikenewekuwatsinzeMinijustkugirango yishyurwe - Icyemezo cyerekana ko urubanza rwabaye ntakuka;       - Icyemezo cyerekana umwirondoro we – kopi y’irangamuntu, urwandiko rw’Abajya mu mahanga (ku banyamahanga ) n’ ibindi; - Ibaruwa ibisaba igaragaraho nimero ya Konti ye amafaranga azashyirwaho.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe - Ku watsinze MINIJUST: ➢ Uwatsinze wishyuza MINIJUST agomba kwohereza dosiye yuzuye kuri email ya Minijust: info@minijust.gov.rw hamwe n’ibaruwa isaba kwishyura n’ibindi bya ngombwa yasabwe. - Ku watsinze Urwego rwa Leta rutari MINIJUST: ➢ Iyo MINIJUST ibonye ibisabwa, mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15 yandikira urwo rwego rwa Leta irusaba ko rutangira imihango yo kurangiza urubanza nawe akabimenyeshwa bityo akegera urwo rwego kugira ngo yishyurwe.     Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana Ntwali Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208/0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo 2.4. KWISHYURA UMWENDA UFITIYE LETA 2.4.1. KoroherezaushakakwishyurakunezaumwendaafitiyeLeta    Serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Korohereza ushaka kwishyura ku neza ibyo yategetswe n’Inkiko Iyi serivisi ihabwa buri wese uyisabye ufitiye Leta umwenda Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta        Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    A. Kwishyura icyarimwe: Kwishyura ku neza bikorwa mu minsi 30 Urukiko rutegetse ko habaho kwishyura cyangwa mu kindi gihe MINIJUST yagennye mu nyandiko, cyangwa se mu gihe cyakumvikanwaho mu masezerano yo kwishyura ku bwumvikane. B. Kwishyura mu byiciro:      Mu minsi 30 Urukiko rutegetse ko habaho kwishyura wandikira MINIJUST ukayisaba kwishyura mu byiciro MINIJUST ikimara kubona iyo baruwa igasanga ubusabe bwawe bukwiye, mu gihe cy’iminsi 10 iragumagara mukaganira ku buryo kwishyura mu byiciro bizakorwa. Iyo mwemeranyije hakorwa amasezerano yo kwishyura mu byiciro. NB: Kwishyura mu byiciro ntabwo bishobora kurenza amezi 12 kandi hakurikijwe uko umwenda ufitiye Leta ungana ushobora gusabwa ingwate.    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?    Ntacyo    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe? -Kwishyura kuri konti no 1000007559 ya OT iri muri Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu; - Kwandikira MINIJUST uyimenyesha ko wishyuye maze ku mugereka akagaragaza ibi bikurira : - Icyemezo cy’Urukiko cyategetse kwishyura ayo mafaranga; - Urupapuro/impapuro za Banki zigaragaza ko wishyuye ayo mafaranga.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe   Iyo umaze kwishyura no kugeza kuri MINIJUST ibisabwa, mu gihembwe gikurikiraho ukurwa ku rutonde rw’abishyuzwa umwenda wa Leta kandi ukabimenyeshwa cyangwa ugahabwa icyemezo cyerekana ko wamaze kwishyura iyo ugisabye.    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana Ntwali Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208 / 0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo 2.4.2. Kwishyuzwa ku gahato umwenda wa Leta      Serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Kwishyuzwa ku gahato ibyo wategetswe n’Inkiko Iyi serivisi ihabwa buri wese wanze kwishyura umwenda wa Leta ku neza Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta        Serivisi itangwa ryari?    - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Iyi service ikorwa nande?    Abahesha b’Inkiko bafitanye na Leta amasezerano yo kurangiza imanza zirimo amafaranga ya Leta Abahesha b’Inkiko ba Leta Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira Igihembo cy’Umuhesha w’Inkiko utegetswe kukishyura ngo ubone serivisi? hamwe n’umwenda wa Leta 2.5. GUKURWA KU RUTONDE RW’ABAFITIYE LETA IMYENDA     Serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Gukurwa ku rutonde rw’abafitiye Leta umwenda Iyi serivisi ihabwa buri wese ufitiye Leta umwenda igihe amaze kuwishyura Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta        Serivisi itangwa ryari?    - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe? - Mu gihe urukiko rwagukuyeho izo nshingano: ➢ Iyo MINIJUST isuzumye dosiye yawe igasanga ibyo usaba ubikwiriye, ukurwa ku rutonde rusohoka mu gihembwe gikurikiye icyo wabisabiyemo ndetse ikanabikumenyesha mu nyandiko; ➢ Iyo MINIJUST isanze ibyo usaba utabikwiye nabwo ibikumenyesha mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15.       - Mu gihe warangije kwishyura: ➢ Iyo MINIJUST isuzumye dosiye yawe igasanga ibyo usaba ubikwiriye, ukurwa ku rutonde rusohoka mu gihembwe gikurikiye icyo wabisabiyemo ndetse ikanabikumenyesha mu nyandiko ➢ Iyo MINIJUST isanze ibyo usaba utabikwiye nabwo ibikumenyesha mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15.    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?    Iyi serivisi itangwa umaze kwishyura umwenda wari ufitiye Leta ndetse n’andi mafaranga yose wategetswe n’Urukiko    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uhabwe iyi serivisi? A. Mu gihe Urukiko rwagukuyeho izo nshingano: - Ibaruwa ibisaba yandikiwe Minisitiri w’Ubutabera/Intumwa ya Leta; - Icyemezo cy’Urukiko kiriho kashe mpuruza cyerekana ko urubanza rwa mbere rwashingiweho wishyuzwa rwavuyeho; - Icyemezo cyerekana ko iyo mikirize y’urubanza itigeze ijuririrwa. B. Mu gihe warangije kwishyura: - Icyemezo cy’Urukiko cyabaye Itegeko cyerekana amafaranga nyayo wagombaga kwishyura; - Urupapuro/impapuro za Banki zerekana ko ayo mafaranga wayishyuye. C. Mu gihe ari umwenda udashingiye ku rubanza: - Inyandiko cyangwa amasezerano ufitanye n’urwego rwa Leta yerekana amafaranga nyayo wagombaga kwishyura; - Urupapuro/impapuro za Banki zerekana ko ayo mafaranga wayishyuye.      Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe    Kubisaba Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ukagerekaho inyandiko zisabwa    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?   Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana Ntwali Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208 / 0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo 2.6. KUGIRA INAMA LETA MU BIJYANYE N’AMATEGEKO   Serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Kugira inama Leta mu bijyanye n’amategeko Serivisi ihabwa za Minisieri n’ibigo bya Leta bibyifuje Ishami rishinzwe kugira inama Leta mu bijyanye n’amategeko        Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Iminsi 15 Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo Ntacyo ubone serivisi?    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Gutanga inama ku masezerano: - Umushinga w’amasezerano (Draft contract); - Inyandiko zose zigaragaza uko isoko ryatanzwe (eg: Tender Document, letter of acceptance; Provisional and Final Notifications; Minutes of contract negotiation; contractor’s bid) ; Inama yatanzwe n’Umunyamamategeko w’Ikigo (in-house legal opinion). Gutanga inama ku masezerano mpuzamahanga - Amasezerano cyagwa Umushinga w’Amasezerano asabirwa inama;      - Inama yatanzwe n’Umunyamamategeko w’Ikigo (in-house legal opinion); - Inyandiko zose zirebana n’amasezerano asabwaho inama. Gutanga inama ku bindi bibazo - Inyandiko y’Ikigo gisaba inama isobanura imiterere y’ikibazo; - Izindi nyandiko za ngombwa zishobora gufasha kumva neza imiterere y’ikibazo; - Inama yatanzwe n’Umunyamamategeko w’Ikigo (in-house legal opinion) == 2.7.Guhamya no gushyira umukono wa noteri ku nyandiko (serivisi za notariya) == Serivisi ni iyihe? Guhamya no gushyira umukono ku nyandiko Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uhabwe iyi serivisi Impapuro zuzuzwa Kwandikira Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ukagerekaho inyandiko zisabwa Ntazo    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana NTWALI Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208 / 0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw          Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?    Serivisi ikorwa ku nyandiko zijya gukoreshwa hanze y’Igihugu no muri za Ambassade. ➢ Inyandiko zijya gukoreshwa hanze y’Igihugu no muri za Ambasade zerekeranye n’ishoramari zisinywa na Noteri wo muri RDB; ➢ Inyandiko zijya gukoreshwa hanze y’Igihugu no muri za Ambasade zerekeranye n’ubutaka zisinywa n’Umubitsi w’impapuro mpamo z’ubutaka. ➢ Inyandiko zindi ziterekeye ubutaka cyangwa ishoramari zisinywaho na noteri wo muri Minijust NB: Inyandiko zikoreshwa mu gihugu zisinywa na ba Noteri bo ku rwego rw’Akarere n’urw’Umurenge hashingiwe ku bubasha bahabwa n’Itegeko; Ishami ryo kubarizamo Ishami rishinzwe serivisi zo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage    Serivisi itangwa ryari?   ❖ Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; ❖ Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?   Iyo usaba serivisi yujuje ibisabwa ahita ahabwa serivisi hakurikijwe uko abasaba serivisi baje bakurikirana.    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?   I. guhamya imikono ni amafaranga igihumbi na magana atanu y’amanyarwanda (1.500 Frw) II. kwemeza ko inyandiko ari impamo ni amafaranga igihumbi na magana atanu y’amanyarwanda (1.500 Frw); III. Kwemeza ko kopi y’inyandiko ihuye n’iy’umwimerere ni amafaranga igihumbi na magana atanu y’amanyarwanda (1.500 Frw); IV. Gutanga kopi z’inyandiko umunoteri aba yakoze ni amafaranga ibihumbi bibiri y’amanyarwanda (2.000 Frw) kuri kopi y’inyandiko; V. Kwemeza no guhamya inyandiko zikomatanyije imitungo yimukanwa n’itimukanwa ni amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu y’amanyarwanda (5.000 Frw); VI. Gushyira umukono w’umunoteri kuri sitati ni amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu y’amanyarwanda (5.000 Frw) kuri buri sitati; VII. Gushyira umukono w’umunoteri ku masezerano ayo ari yo yose ni amafaranga ibihumbi bibiri y’amanyarwanda (2.000 Frw) kuri buri masezerano; VIII. Gutanga izindi nyandiko z’Umunoteri ziteganywa n’amategeko ni amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu y’amanyarwanda (5.000 Frw).    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    - Ibisabwa mu kwemeza imikono: ➢ Inyandiko igomba gusinyirwa imbere ya Noteri; ➢ Indangamuntu/icyemezo kiyisimbura cyangwa passport; ➢ Kwishyura ikiguzi cyagenwe n’Iteka rya Perezida N° 100/01 ryo ku wa 24/02/2017 rigena ingano y’amafaranga yishurwa kuri serivisi zitangwa n’umunoteri, binyujijwe muri system y’irembo   '''Ibisabwa mu kwemeza ko kopi y’inyandiko ihuye n’umwimerere wayo:''' ➢ Umubare wa kopi wifuza ndetse n’umwimerere wazo; ➢ Kwishyura ikiguzi cyagenwe n’Iteka rya Perezida N° 100/01 ryo ku wa 24/02/2017 rigena ingano y’amafaranga yishurwa kuri serivisi zitangwa n’umunoteri, binyujijwe muri system y’irembo Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira Uwujuje ibisabwa aza ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri ngo uyihabwe y’Ubutabera agahabwa serivisi akeneye    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Mu gihe waba utanyuzwe n’imitangire y’iyi serivisi Wahamagara Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Serivisi ishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, Mupenzi Narcisse ubarizwa kuri telephone: 0788888505/0738888505; E-mail: narcisse.mupenzi@minijust.gov.rw '''2.8.Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo''' == Gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuba umunoteri wikorera == Serivisi ni iyihe? Gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuba Noteri wikorera      Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?    Umuntu wese wujuje ibisabwa n’ Itegeko N0 13 bis/2014 ryo ku wa 21/05/2014 rigenga umurimo w’ubunoteri ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda N0 idasanzwe bis yo ku wa 29/05/2014, aribyo: ➢ Kuba afite ubwenegihugu bwa kimwe mu bihugu bigize umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba; ➢ Kuba yujuje nibura imyaka cumi n’umunani (18) y'amavuko; ➢ Kuba afite nibura impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko cyangwa indi bingana; ➢ Kuba afite icyemezo cy'uko atakatiwe igifungo kingana cyangwa kirengeje amezi atandatu (6); ➢ Kuba afite uburambe bw’imyaka itanu ( 5ans) mu mirimo ijyanye n’amategeko;    Ishami ryo kubarizamo    Ishami rishinzwe serivisi zo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage    Serivisi itangwa ryari? Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba;Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Amezi 3 Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngoSerivisi itangirwa ubuntu ubone serivisi?    Ni ibihe bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe? -Ibaruwa yandikiwe Minisitiri w'Ubutabera/Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta igaragaza umwirondoro wuzuye w’usaba kuba Notaire (Akarere, umurenge,akagari, umudugudu, E-mail na Telefone akoresha); - Icyemezo cy'amavuko ; - Umwirondoro wuzuye w’usaba (CV); - Fotokopi y'indangamuntu (ID) cyangwa iy’ikiyisimbura; - Icyemezo cy'Ubwenegihugu - Fotocopi y'Impamyabushobozi nibura y'Icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu mategeko iriho Umukono wa Noteri; - Icyemezo cyemeza ko atakatiwe n'Inkiko igihano kingana cyangwa kirengeje amezi atandatu (6) Extrait du casier judiciaire/Criminal record; - Icyemezo cy’umukoresha cyangwa cy’Ubuyobozi bw’urugaga cyangwa ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamwuga b’abanyamategeko kigaragaza uburambe nibura bw’imyaka 5 mu by’amategeko; - Kohereza dosiye kuri E-mail ya MINIJUST ikurikira: info@minijust.gov.rw    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe Nyuma y'ukwezi ushaka ku ba Noteri wikorera atanze dosiye; ➢ Hashyirwaho Itsinda risuzuma amadosiye y'Abakandida basabye muri uko kwezi kuba ba noteri bikorera; ➢ Urutonde rw’abakandida bujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa rwohererezwa Umushinjacyaha Mukuru kugira ngo avuge icyo atekereza kuri iryo saba mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itandatu (60); ➢ Abakandida batujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa babimenyeshwa mu ibaruwa igaragaza ibisabwa batujuje mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe (1) uhereye umunsi w'isuzumwa ry'amadosiye; ➢ Nyuma yo kubona ibitekerezo by’Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru,abakandida bujuje ibisabwa bemererwa kuba noteri wikorera hakoreshjwe ibaruwa, nyuma bakarahizwa mbere yo gutangira imirimo;    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Kwandikira Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ibaruwa ugaragaza aho ubona warenganijwe n’ibimenyetso bibigaragaza - - '''Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo''' - == 2.9. GUTANGA UBURENGANZIRA BWO KUBA UMUHESHA W’INKIKO W’UMWUGA Serivisi ni iyihe? Gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuba Umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga ==      '''Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?'''    Usaba kuba umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga agomba kuba yujuje ibi bikurikira: ➢ Kuba afite ubwenegihugu bwa kimwe mu bihugu bigize umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba; ➢ Kuba yujuje nibura imyaka makumyabiri n'umwe (21) y'amavuko; ➢ Kuba afite nibura impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko cyangwa indi bingana; ➢ Kuba afite icyemezo cy'uko atakatiwe igifungo kingana cyangwa kirengeje amezi atandatu (6); ➢ Kuba yatsinze ikizamini cyanditse. Ishami ryo kubarizamo Ishami rishinzwe serivisi zo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage    '''Serivisi itangwa ryari?'''   Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyendaz’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?   Amezi 6    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?    Serivisi itangirwa ubuntu    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   - Ibaruwa yandikiwe Minisitiri w'Ubutabera/Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta agatanga Kopi yayo kwa Perezida w'Urukiko Rukuru na Perezida w'Urugaga rw'Abahesha b'inkiko; - Icyemezo cy'Ubwenegihugu gitangwa n'Umurenge; - Icyemezo cy'amavuko ; - Fotokopi y'indangamuntu (ID); - Fotocopi y'Impamyabushobozi nibura y'Icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu mategeko iriho 22       Umukono wa Noteri; - Icyemezo cyemeza ko atakatiwe n'Inkiko igihano kingana cyangwa kirengeje amezi atandatu (6) Extrait du casier judiciaire/Criminal record; - Nomero ya Telephone usaba abarizwaho; - Kohereza dosiye kuri E-mail ya MINIJUST ikurikira: info@minijust.gov.rw    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe   - Nyuma y'amezi atatu usaba kuba umuhesha w'Inkiko atanze dosiye; ➢ Hashyirwaho Itsinda risuzuma amadosiye y'Abakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga; ➢ Abakandida bujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa bamenyeshwa Umushinjacyaha Mukuru, Perezida w'Urugaga rw'Abahesha b'Inkiko, kugira ngo bagire icyo bavuga ku bakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe (1) ➢ Abakandida batujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa babimenyeshwa mu ibaruwa igaragaza ibisabwa batujuje mu gihe kitarenze amezi abiri (2) uhereye umunsi w'isuzumwa ry'amadosiye; ➢ Abakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga batanzweho ibitekerezo n'inzego zimaze kuvugwa haruguru bashyikirizwa Perezida w’Urugaga kugira ngo bakoreshwe ikizamini ; ➢ Abakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga bamaze gutsinda ikizamini bemerwa n'Inama Nyobozi y'Urugaga rw'Abahesha b'Inkiko nyuma y'iminsi mirongo itatu (30) amanota amaze gutangazwa; ➢ Abakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga batsinze ikizamini kandi bemewe n'Inama Nyobozi y'Urugaga rw'Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga bakorerwa Iteka ribemerera kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe (1) uhereye igihe Inama Nyobozi y'Urugaga rw'Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga yabemereje; ➢ Abakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga nyuma y'itangazwa ry'Iteka rya Minisitiri mu Igazeti ya Leta ribemerera kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga, bategurirwa indahiro bakarahirira imbere ya Minisitiri cyangwa imbere y'umukozi wa Leta yabihereyeububasha. ➢ Abahesha b'Inkiko bamaze kurahira bakirirwa indahiro zabo na Minisitiri cyangwa Umukozi wa Leta yabihereye ububasha bagahabwa n'Icyemezo cy'irahira.    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Mu gihe waba utanyuzwe n’imitangire y’iyi serivisi Wahamagara Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Serivisi ishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, Mupenzi Narcisse ubarizwa kuri telephone: 0788888505/0738888505; E-mail: narcisse.mupenzi@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo == 2.10. GUHUZA IBIKORWA BYOSE BYEREKERANYE N’IRANGIZWA RY’INYANDIKOMPESHA NO GUKURIKIRANA IBIBAZO BIGARAGARAMO ==      Serivisi ni iyihe?    - Guhuza ibikorwa byose byerekeranye n’irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha , - Gukurikirana ibibazo biri mu irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha    Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?   - Umuntu wese ubisabye mu nyandiko cyangwa mu magambo, akagaragaza ko yagejeje ikibazo cye mu Rugaga rw’Abahesha b’Inkiko cyangwa ku bakozi ba Minisiteri y’Ubutabera bakorera muri MAJ mu turere twose tw’Iguhugu ariko ikibazo ntigikemuke; Ishami ryo kubarizamo Serivisi itangwa ryari? Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Ishami rishinzwe kwegereza serivisi z’ubutabera abaturage Igihe cyose serivisi isabwe Serivisi itangirwa ubuntu      Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itanu(5) y’akazi ibarwa uhereye igihe usaba yagereje ubusabe bwe kuri Minisiteri    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   - Ibaruwa yandikiwe Nyakubahwa Minisitiri w'Ubutabera /Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta ibisaba igaragaza impamvu n’ibimenyetso byerekana ko yandikiye urugaga rw’abahesha b’inkiko b’umwuga agaragaza ikibazo cye ntirugikemure cyangwa se ko yakigejeje kuri MAJ ntigikemuke; - Numero ya telephone igendanwa na email usaba serivisi yabarizwaho; - Inyandiko igaragaza amakuru yose ashobora gutuma usuzuma ikibazo acyumva neza - Kohereza dosiye kuri Email ya MINIJUST ikurikira: info@minijust.gov.rw    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe    Kwandikira Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ukohereza ibaruwa ukoresheje e-mail cyangwa ugahamagara ku murongo wa telefoni utishyurwa 3936 mu gihe ushaka igisubizo mu magambo    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe utanyuzwe na serivisi uhawe ?   Mu gihe waba utanyuzwe n’imitangire y’iyi serivisi Wahamagara Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Serivisi ishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, Mupenzi Narcisse ubarizwa kuri telephone: 0788888505/0738888505; E-mail: narcisse.mupenzi@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo == 2.11 GUTANGA UBUFASHA MU BY’AMATEGEKO KU BIBAZO BY’AKARENGANE BYASHYIKIRIJWE MINISITERI ==      Serivisi ni iyihe?    Gutanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko ku bibazo by’akarengane byashyikirijwe Minisiteri    Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?   Iyi serivisi ihabwa umuntu wese wandikiye cyangwa wahamagaye muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ukeneye ubufasha mu by’amategeko, akagaragaza ko ikibazo cye yakigejeje ku bakozi ba Minisiteri y’Ubutabera bakorera muri MAJ mu karere ikibazo kirimo ntigikemuke, akerekana raporo yavuye muri MAJ ndetse n’izindi nyandiko zisobanura ikibazo afite;   Ishami ryo kubarizamo Ishami rishinzwe serivisi zo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage    Serivisi itangwa ryari?   Kuva ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya za mu gitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya za mu gitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Bitarenze iminsi itanu (5) y’akazi uhereye igihe dosiye yuzuye yakiriwe Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Nta kiguzi bisaba    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Inyandiko zose za ngombwa zisobanura imiterere y’ikibazo, izavuye mu zindi nzego zagejejweho ikibazo harimo na raporo ya MAJ    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe Mu gihe ari ikibazo gitanzwe mu nyandiko, ibaruwa yandikiwe Minisitiri w’Ubutabera iherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bigaragaza ikibazo cye byoherezwa kuri Email ya MINIJUST ikurikira: info@minijust.gov.rw Ashobora no guhamagara kuri telefoni itishyurwa 3936 agasobanura ikibazo cye.     Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Mu gihe waba utanyuzwe n’imitangire y’iyi serivisi Wahamagara Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Serivisi ishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, Mupenzi Narcisse ubarizwa kuri telephone: 0788888505/0738888505; E-mail: narcisse.mupenzi@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo == 2.12 . Kwegereza ubutabera abaturage (MAJ) ==    Serivisi ni iyihe?    ➢ Kugira inama abaturage zishingiye ku mategeko no kubayobora aho ibibazo byabo bigendanye n’amategeko byakemukira;  ➢ Kubakorera umwanzuro ushingiye ku mategeko wo gushyikiriza urukiko; ➢ Guhugura abaturage ku mategeko amwe n’amwe bakunze gukoresha; ➢ Guhugura Abunzi no kubagira inama mu mategeko; ➢ Kunganira abatishoboye mu Nkiko; ➢ Kurangiriza imanza abatishoboye. Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ihabwa abaturage bose bayifuza kandi ntiyishyurwa    Ishami ryo kubarizamo    Ishami rishinzwe serivisi zo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage / Inzu zitanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko (MAJ) ziri muri buri karere.    Serivisi itangwa ryari? Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya za mu gitondo kugera saa sita z’amanywa; ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa kumi n’imwe z’umugoroba. Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya za mu gitondo kugera saa sita z’amanywa; ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisibifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Ubusanzwe nta gihe bifata ngo ubone iyi serivisi, igihe uyisabiye ni cyo gihe uyibonera, uretse abakenera kunganirwa mu nkiko no kurangirizwa imanza kuko hari ibindi bibanza gukorwa (legal procedures). Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo Iyo wujuje ibisabwa iyi serivisi uyihabwa ku buntu. ubone serivisi?    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   ➢ Usaba iyi serivisi yitwaza impapuro zose cyangwa se ibindi bimenyetso birebana n’ikibazo afite. ➢ Abifuza kurangirizwa imanza n’abasaba kunganirwa mu nkiko bashyikiriza MAJ icyemezo cy’uko batishoboye nacyo gitangwa n’inzego z’ibanze ku buntu.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe    Kugira ngo ubone iyi Serivisi nta yindi nzira unyuramo, uretse kwegera Inzu zitanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko (MAJ) no kwitwaza icyemezo cy’uko utishoboye (ubarizwa mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’ubudehe) igihe wifuza kunganirwa mu nkiko / kurangirizwa urubanza n’umukozi wa MAJ.              Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu Iyo abakozi b’Inzu zitanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko gihe udahawe iyi serivisi? (MAJ) mu turere bataguhaye iyi serivisi, witabaza ishami rishinzwe guhuza ibikorwa byo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, ugahamagara Umuyobozi w’iryo shami MUGABO Frank kuri telefoni: 0788579394/0735130242 cyangwa kuri E-mail: frank.mugabo@minijust.gov.rw. Utanyurwa ugahamagara Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Serivisi ishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, Mupenzi Narcisse ubarizwa kuri telephone: 0788888505/0738888505; E-mail: narcisse.mupenzi@minijust.gov.rw Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo == 2.13 Kwishyura inyemezabuguzi zirebana na serivisi, ibigemurwa cyangwa imirimo byahawe cyangwa byakorewe minisiteri == Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Iyi serivisi ihabwa uwatsindiye isoko muri Minisiteri    Iyi serivisi ni iyihe?    Kwishyura inyemezabuguzi zirebana na serivisi, ibigemurwa cyangwa imirimo byahawe cyangwa byakorewe Minisiteri     Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; - Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Bitarenze iminsi umunani (08) y’akazi ibarwa uhereye umunsi watanzeho ibyangombwa byose usabwa ngo wishyurwe. Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo Ntacyo ubone serivisi?    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   - Aho ibintu byasabiwe (Purchase Order); - Inyemezabuguzi 4; - Kopi y’amasezerano asinye; - Ikigaragaza ko watsindiye isoko; - Kopi y’ingwate yatanzwe muri banki; - Aho bagusinyiye ko bakiriye ibintu cyangwa serivisi; - Raporo isinye y’imirimo yarangiye gukorwa; - Ikigaragaza ko ibyasabwe byemejwe; - Izindi nyandiko za ngombwa zijyanye n’ibyishyuzwa.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Utanga inyemezabuguzi iherekejwe n’ibindi byangombwa bisabwa, mu b iro by’Umunyamabanga Uhoraho/Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Yungirije ugategereza.    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?   Utanyuzwe wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe imirimo rusange muri MINIJUST, Twahirwa Gervais kuri 0788303383/0738303383 cyangwa ukamwandikira kuri E-Mail: gervais.twahirwa@minijust.gov.rw     Impapuro zuzuzwa   Iyo ari ubwa mbere wishyurwa na Leta hari Urupapuro usinyisha kuri Banki yawe mbere y’uko umukozi ubishinzwe wa Minisiteri ajyana iyo nyandiko ituma ushyirwa muri Smart IFMIS ikoreshwa mu gucunga umutungo wa Leta. 2.14 GUTANGA IBYEMEZO BY’ABAHOZE ARI ABAKOZI BA MINISITERI Y’UBUTABERA   Iyi serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Gutanga ibyemezo by’abakozi bahoze bakorera Minisiteri Iyi serivisi ihabwa uwahoze ari umukozi wa Minisiteri Ishami rishinzwe imicungire y’abakozi n’ubutegetsi        Serivisi itangwa ryari?    - Buri munsi w’akazi: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisibifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Bitarenze iminsi itatu y’akazi uhereye umunsi byasabiweho Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo Ntacyo ubone serivisi?    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   - Ibaruwa yashyize umukozi mu kazi n’ibaruwa imusezerera cyangwa isezera (ku bakozi batashyizweho n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri); - Icyemezo cy’Inama y’Abaminisitiri kimushyira mu mwanya, kimusimbura, kimukuraho cyangwa kimuha indi mirimo (ku bakozi bashyizweho n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri); - Amasezerano y’akazi kubakoreye ku masezerano.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe    Kwandikira ibaruwa Umunyamabanga Uhoraho/Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Yungirije ibisaba kandi ugatanga inyandiko zavuzwe ahabanza ziherwaho hategurirwa ibyo usaba. Ibaruwa yoherezwa kuri E-mail ya Minisiteri info@minijust.gov.rw     Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?   Utanyuzwe wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe imirimo rusange muri MINIJUST, Twahirwa Gervais kuri 0788303383/0738303383 cyangwa ukamwandikira kuri E-Mail: gervais.twahirwa@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa ntazo == 2.15 Gutanga ibyangombwa byo kurangiza amasoko == Gutanga ibyangombwa byo kurangiza amasoko Iyi serivisi ihabwa Rwiyemezamirimo wigeze gutsindira isoko akagirana amasezerano na Minisiteri.     Iyi serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?      Serivisi itangwa ryari?    - Buri munsi w’akazi: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugezasaa cyenda z’amanywa. Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisibifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe? Bitarenze iminsi itatu y’akazi uhereye igihe byasabiweho    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?   Nta kiguzi cyakwa kuri iyi servisi    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    - Amasezerano y’isoko yarangiye; - Ifishi yujujwe na servisi yacunze amasezerano igaragaza uko abahawe servisi bayibonye.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe Kwandikira ibaruwa Umunyamabanga Uhoraho/Intumwa Nkuru ya LetaYungirije ukayohereza kuri e-mail ya Minijust ariyo info@minijust.gov.rw    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?     Utanyuzwe wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe imirimo rusange muri MINIJUST, Twahirwa Gervais kuri 0788303383/0738303383 cyangwa ukamwandikira kuri E- Mail: gervais.twahirwa@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo 2.16 GUSUBIZA INGWATE YATANZWE MU GUPIGANIRA CYAMUNARA      Serivisi ni iyihe?    Gusubiza ingwate y’ipiganwa yatanzwe muri Cyamunara n’amafaranga yashyizwe kuri Konti yabugenewe agenewe kurangiza imanza (MINUJUST Auctions Funds -MAF)    Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?   ➢ Umuhesha w’inkiko wifuza kuzuza 95% by’amafaranga yavuye muri cyamunara, itangwa n’uwatsindiye cyamunara; ➢ Uwapiganwe watsinze cyangwa ntabashe gutsinda. Ishami ryo kubarizamo Serivisi itangwa ryari? Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Ishami ry’Imari ➢ Buri munsi w’akazi igihe isabwe Serivisi itangirwa ubuntu      Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisibifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Bitarenze iminsi itatu y’akazi    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   ➢ Ibaruwa yandikiwe Minisitiri w’Ubutabera/Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta isaba gusubizwa ingwate yanditswe n’uwayitanze cyangwa Umuhesha w’Inkiko w’Umwuga. Iyo baruwa igomba kugaragaza Konti, Banki n’Amazina amafaranga asabwa gusubizwa azoherezwaho; ➢ Ikigaragaza ko amafaranga asabwa yashyizwe kuri Konti yabugenewe; ➢ Kopi y’Indangamuntu y’usaba ingwate iyo ari uwapiganwe; ➢ Urutonde ruriho abitabiriye Cyamunara rugaragaza umwirondoro wabo n’ibiciro batanze; ➢ Kopi y’Urubanza rwarangizwaga hakorwa Cyamunara (Iyo ari ukurangiza urubanza); ➢ Indi nyandiko yose iha abasubiza ingwate amakuru atuma gusubiza ingwate byihuta.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe   Inyandiko zose zavuzwe ahabanza zigomba guherekeza ibaruwa kugira ngo abasubiza amafaranga babonere amakuru yose hamwe, zinyuzwa kuri E-mail ya Minisiteri: info@minijust.gov.rw    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?     Utanyuzwe wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe imirimo rusange muri MINIJUST, Twahirwa Gervais kuri 0788303383/0738303383 cyangwa ukamwandikira kuri E-Mail: gervais.twahirwa@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa 2.17 GUTANGAZA MU IGAZETI YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA Serivisi ni iyihe? Gutangaza inyandiko ziteganywa n’amategeko mu Igazeti ya Leta Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ihabwa umuntu ufite inyandiko itegeko riteganya ko igomba gutangaza mu Igaziti ya Leta Ntazo          Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Ibisabwa ni ibi bikurikira : 1° ibaruwa yanditswe n’Urwego rubifitiye ububasha isaba ko iyo nyandiko itangazwa mu igazeti ya Leta;       2° Inyandiko isabirwa gutangazwa mu igazeti yanditse mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko; 3° Inyemezabwishyu. Ishami ryo kubarizamo Ubuziranenge bw’amategeko n’Igazeti ya Leta    Serivisi itangwa ryari?   Serivisi itangwa ku minsi yose y’akazi mu masaha y’akazi.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisibifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Iyo ibisabwa byose byuzuye, serivisi itangwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 14.    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?   1° Inyandiko ishyirwa kuri kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cy’urupapuro A4 yishyurwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi birindwi (7.000 FRW); 2° Inyandiko ishyirwa ku rupapuro rwose rwa A4 yishyurwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi cumi na bine (14.000 FRW) Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe Hari ibindi ukeneye kumenya kugira ngo ubone iyo serivisi Impapuro zuzuzwa Serivisi isabwa hakoreshejwe urubuga www.irembo.gov.rw Iyo hari ibisobanuro ukeneye wandika ubisaba kuri igazeti@minijust.gov.rw Ibigomba kuzuzwa byose byuzuzwa hakoreshejwe urubuga www.irembo.gov.rw    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?     Iyo utabonye serivisi wandika kuri e-mail: igazeti@minijust.gov.rw cyangwa ugahamagara kuri 0722446162 cyangwa kuri telefone itishyurwa 3736 == Indangamurongo == https://www.minijust.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=53279&token=881d5d0337225c1009222a21d6a0fa99cb4ab6d4 q7p8yjj03rgdmsjg423c35apbxf69hc 137096 136980 2026-09-14T13:17:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb]] == Minisiteri y’ubutabera == == Igitabo gikubiyemo serivisi minisiteri y’ubutabera iha abaturage == Aho tubarizwa: '''MINISITERI Y’ UBUTABERA''' Agasanduku k’Iposita 160 Kigali – Rwanda Telefone itishyura : 3936 (MTN) ; 3736 (Airtel). E-mail : info@minijust.gov.rw Website : www.minijust.gov.rw Twitter : @Rwanda_Justice Facebook : Ministry of Justice - Rwanda Instagram: @rwanda_justice == Iriburiro == Nejejwe no kubagezaho igitabo gikubiyemo serivisi zitangwa na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera. Iki gitabo cyateguwe hashingiwe kuri gahunda y’Igihugu y’ivugurura rifite icyerekezo cyo kuzamura ubushobozi bw’abakozi n’ibigo, hagamijwe kandi gutanga serivisi zinoze hanagerwa ku ntego nkuru y’Iterambere ry’Igihugu. Na none ibi bigakorwa bigamije gusubiza ibibazo by’abaturage, bigakorwa mu mucyo kandi abantu bakabazwa ibyo bakora. Iki gitabo kigaragaza uruhare rwa Minisiteri y’Ubutabera mu itangwa rya serivisi mu Rwanda kikanerekana serivisi zitangwa n’ibikenerwa kugira ngo uzihabwe. Kigaragaza kandi urutonde rw’aho izo serivisi zitangirwa n’ibyo amategeko yemerera umuntu kugira ngo abone izo serivisi. Ishyirwaho ry’iki gitabo gikubiyemo serivisi zihabwa Abaturage ryerekana ubushake Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ifite mu itangwa rya serivisi nziza kandi zihuse. Dr Emmanuel UGIRASHEBUJA [[Dosiye:Noun Justice 2332579.svg|thumb|Ikirango cyubutabera]] Minisitiri w’Ubutabera / Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta == Impine z’amagambo == MAJ: Maison d’Accès à la Justice /Access to Justice Bureau /Inzu zishinzwe kugira inama abaturage mu bijyanye n’amategeko MINIJUST: Minisiteri y’Ubutabera IECMS: Integrated Electronic Case Management System /Urubuga rw’ikoranabuhanga mu gutanga serivisi z’ubutabera == Ibirimo == II. Iriburiro III. Impine z’amagambo 1. Intangiriro 1.1. Icyerekezo 1.2. Intego 1.3. Inshingano 1.4. Indangagaciro z’ingenzi 2. Serivisi zitangwa na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera 2.1. Kuburanira Leta 2.2. Gukemura impaka / Ibibazo mu bwumvikane 2.3. Kwishyura uwatsinze urwego rwa Leta mu rubanza 2.4. Kwishyura umwenda ufitiye Leta 2.4.1. KoroherezaushakakwishyuraumwendaafitiyeLeta 2.4.2. KwishyuzwakugahatoumwendawaLeta 2.5. Gukurwa ku rutonde rw’abafitiye Leta umwenda 2.6. Kugira inama Leta mu bijyanye n’amategeko 2.7. Guhamya no gushyira umukono ku nyandiko (Serivisi za Notariya) 2.8. Gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuba umunoteri wikorera 2.9. Gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuba umuhesha w’Inkiko w’umwuga 2.10. Guhuza obokorwa byose byerekeranye n’irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha no gukurikirana ibibazo bigaragaramo 2.11. Gutanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko ku bibazo by’akarengane byashyikirijwe Minisiteri 2.12. Kwegereza ubutabera abaturage (MAJ) 2.13. Kwishyura inyemezabuguzi zirebana na serivisi, ibigemurwa cyangwa imirimo byahawe cyangwa byakorewe Minisiteri 2.14. Gutanga ibyemezo by’abahoze ari abakozi ba Minisiteri y’Ubutabera 2.15. Gutanga ibyangombwa byo kurangiza amasoko 2.16. Gusubiza ingwate zatanzwe mu gupiganira cyamunara 2.17. Gutangaza mu Igazeti ya Leta. iv == 1. Intangiriro == Igitabo gikubiyemo serivisi zitangwa na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera kigaragaza serivisi iyi Minisiteri igenera abayigana. Ni muri urwo rwego musanga iki gitabo gikubiyemo serivisi zitandukanye n’aho zitangirwa, uburyo zitangwa, igihe zitangirwa n’uburyo abatanyuzwe na serivisi bahawe banyuramo bagaragaza ibibazo kugira ngo barenganurwe. Iki gitabo kigaragaza izi ngingo zikurikira: • Icyerekezo n’intego bya Minisiteri y’Ubutabera byerekana ubushake bwo gutanga serivisi nziza kandi zinoze muri ubu buryo bukurikira: '''➢ Ubunyangamugayo;''' '''➢ Hubahirizwa amategeko;''' '''➢ Mu bwitonzi n’ubupfura;''' '''➢ Mu bwumvikane;''' '''➢ Mu kuri no kudatoranya;''' '''➢ Mu mucyo;''' '''➢ Kugaragaza ibyo ikora;''' '''➢ Gukorera ku gihe;''' '''➢ Gutanga serivisi nziza kandi ku gihe cyabigenewe.''' • Isesengura rya serivisi zitangwa na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera: '''➢ Kugaragaza neza serivisi zitangwa na Minisiteri;''' '''➢ Kwerekana ishami serivisi zitangirwamo. Muri ubu buryo abaturage bazamenya''' neza Ishami cyangwa ibiro bagana, bityo bahabwe serivisi badatakaje igihe n’ingufu zo gutegereza; ➢ Kugaragaza igihe nyacyo bitwara kugira ngo buri serivisi itangwe. Ibi bizaha abaturage amakuru y’ingirakamaro bibarinde guhora mu nzira no gukubita amaguru y’ubusa; ➢ Gushyiraho ibipimo bya serivisi nziza hagaragazwa amasaha bitwara kugira ngo umuturage abone serivisi, uburyo serivisi ziboneka, ukuri kuba mu itangwa ry’izo serivisi, icyizere cyo gukomeza kubona izo serivisi, niba umuturage ashobora kuyigeraho, uburyo yumvikanishwa, mu kuri, uburemere bifite n’ubwitonzi mu gutanga serivisi. Hashingiwe kuri ibi, abaturage bashobora kwizera gutera imbere; ➢ Amakuru nyayo ku nyandiko zisabwa n’uburyo bwo kubona serivisi muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera. Urugero: ibyangombwa bikenewe kwerekanwa n’impapuro zigomba kuzuzwa n’umuturage ushaka serivisi. '''• Gusobanura neza ibyiciro by’abantu bemerewe kwaka buri serivisi muri MINIJUST;''' '''• Kugaragaza abakozi bashinzwe gutanga buri serivisi n’aho babarizwa ndetse n’uburyo''' '''bwo kubahamagara cyangwa kubandikira igihe bibaye ngombwa;''' '''• Uburyo bwo kurenganurwa igihe udahawe serivisi cyangwa se uburyo wayihawemo butakunogeye;''' '''• Uko umuturage ashobora gutanga inama n’ibitekerezo ku buryo buhoraho hagamijwe guteza imbere no kunoza imitangire ya serivisi muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera.''' Iki Gitabo gikubiyemo serivisi zihabwa abaturage ni igikoresho cyo kugeza amakuru ahagije kandi asobanutse ku bagana serivisi za Minisiteri y’Ubutabera no gushyiraho ibipimo hagamijwe kwimakaza umuco wo gukorera mu kuri. Kubera ko serivisi zigomba kujyana n’ibyifuzo by’abaturage, Minisiteri y’Ubutabera yiyemeje kubamenyesha Serivisi bashobora gusaba, inshingano n’uburenganzira bwabo igihe bashaka izo Serivisi. Kubera kandi ko Minisiteri y’Ubutabera isanga itakora ibi yonyine, niyo mpamvu isaba Abaturarwanda guhoza ijisho ku bakozi bayo kugira ngo babakorere ibibakwiye, bibereye, kandi bifite ireme no gutanga amakuru asobanutse kuri serivisi bifuza no gukuraho inzitizi zose zatuma itangwa rya serivisi ridatera imbere. Mu byukuri, kugira ngo ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ iki Gitabo gikubiyemo Serivisi rishoboke, Minisiteri y’Ubutabera yizeye ko hazakomeza kubaho ubufatanye no guhana amakuru n’abaturage bayigana bashaka serivisi. Niyo mpamvu hashyizweho uburyo bunoze bwo kugisha inama abagana serivisi zayo: '''• Ifishi cyangwa urupapuro byandikwaho ibitekerezo n’inama zitangwa n’abagana Minisiteri y’Ubutabera;''' '''• Agasanduku k’ibitekerezo kaboneka aho binjirira;''' '''• Umurongo wa telefoni utishyurwa;''' '''• Gusesengura imibare n’imiterere y’ibibazo by’abatishimiye serivisi bahawe;''' '''• Uburyo bwo kurenganurwa no gukemura ibibazo bugaragaza inzira abagana MINIJUST banyuramo batanga ibitekerezo kuri serivisi bahabwa.''' Kugira ngo dushobore kubaha serivisi neza, abatugana badufasha kuzamura imikorere mu buryo bukurikira: '''• Gutanga inama ku buryo bunoza serivisi zitangirwa muri MINIJUST;''' '''• Guhanahana amakuru ku buryo serivisi zitangwa muri MINIJUST binyujijwe mu''' '''miyoboro insurance y’itumanaho rikoresha Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho;''' '''• Kwakira neza inama muhabwa n’abakozi ba Minisiteri y’Ubutabera.''' Twakira, twemere kandi tunashakire ibisubizo ibibazo byose twakiriye mu gihe cy’ iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) y’akazi. Mu gihe ikibazo kizaba gisaba gukorerwa iperereza rihagije n’igihe cyo kugikemura, tuzakumenyesha igihe nyacyo cyo kuza gufata igisubizo. Aho wabariza: == Minisiteri y’ ubutabera == Agasanduku k’Iposita 160 Kigali – Rwanda Telefone itishyura : 3936 (MTN) ; 3736 (Airtel). E-mail : info@minijust.gov.rw Website : www.minijust.gov.rw Twitter : @Rwanda_Justice Facebook : Ministry of Justice - Rwanda Instagram: @rwanda_justice == 1.1. Icyerekezo == Guteza imbere no gushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amategeko mu Gihugu, hashyirwaho kureshya imbere y’amategeko ku bantu bose no kureba ko inzego zifite amategeko mu nshingano ziyashyira mu bikorwa ziha serivisi rubanda nk’uko bikwiye. == 1.2. Intego == Minisiteri y’Ubutabera/Serivisi z’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta ifite intego yo gutegura, kugenzura no guteza imbere ibikorwa bijyanye no kugendera ku mategeko, iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’ubutabera kuri bose. == 1.3. Inshingano == Minisiteri y’Ubutabera/Serivisi z’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta ifite inshingano rusange yo gushyiraho no kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’ubutabera kuri bose. By’umwihariko, Minisiteri y’Ubutabera/Serivisi z’Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta ishinzwe ibi bikurikira: 1. Gushyiraho, kumenyekanisha no guhuza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki, ingamba na gahunda binyuze mu: a. gutangiza, gushyiraho no kumenyekanisha politiki y’Igihugu, ingamba na gahunda bijyanye no guteza imbere iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’ubutabera kuri bose; b. Guteza imbere gahunda zo gufasha abaturage kumenya no gusobanukirwa amategeko n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, no guteza imbere ubutabera kuri bose; c. Guteza imbere ubutwererane hagati y’inzego z’ubucamanza zo mu karere n’izo ku rwego Mpuzamahanga hagamijwe kurushaho kunoza imikorere y’inzego z’ubucamanza z’u Rwanda. 2. Gutegura no guhuza ibikorwa bijyanye n’amategeko binyuze mu: a. Gushyiraho ingamba zirebana no kugena imitangire y’ubutabera n’iyubahirizwa ry’Itegeko Nshinga;; b. Gushyiraho ingamba zigamije gushyiraho ireme ry’urwego rw’ubutabera, mu bijyanye n’ubwiyunge mu gihugu, kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, ubutabera kuri bose bwegerejwe abaturage, kurwanya ruswa no guteza imbere uburenganzira bwa muntu; c. Gushyiraho ingamba zigamije kunoza imyandikire y’amategeko no guhuza amategeko n’amabwiriza by’Igihugu n’amategeko mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono, rwemeye kuba umunyamuryango cyangwa rwemeje burundu; 3. Gutanga inama ku mategeko no guhagararira Leta n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho binyuze mu: a. Gukora nk’umujyanama mukuru utanga inama za tekiniki kuri Leta n’ibigo byayo mu bijyanye n’amategeko; b. Guhagararira Leta mu manza zose iregwamo cyangwa yahamagawemo haba imbere mu Gihugu cyangwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga; 4. Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kongerera ubushobozi Urwego rw’Ubutabera hagamijwe kunoza imikorere n’imitunganyirize yarwo; 5. Gukurikirana no kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki, ingamba na gahunda by’Urwego rw’Ubutabera n’inzego zirushamikiyeho, binyuze mu: a. Gushyiraho no gukoresha ibipimo bifasha mu ikurikirana n’igenzura ry’impinduka zizanwa na politiki, ingamba na gahunda by’Urwego rw’Ubutabera mu guteza imbere ubutabera no kubwegereza abaturage; b. Guhuza imibare itangwa n’Urwego rw’Ubutabera n’inzego z’imitegekere y’Igihugu zegerejwe abaturage ku birebana n’ubutabera; c. Gushyikiriza Guverinoma raporo ngarukabihe na ngarukamwaka ku mpinduka zizanwa na Politiki, ingamba, gahunda n’imishinga ku kugendera ku mategeko mu Rwanda; d. Kwegeranya ibikenewe mu guteza imbere Urwego rw’Ubutabera na gahunda zirebana na rwo; 6. Gukorana bya hafi n’inzego z’abaturage zishinzwe umutekano wa buri munsi w’abaturage; 7. Gushyiraho politiki, amabwiriza, ingamba na gahunda bigamije gukumira ikorwa ry’ibyaha no kurinda ko abakora ibyaha babisubira; 8. Gutegura igenamigambi rigamije iterambere ry’ubumenyi no kongera ubushobozi; 9. Gutangaza amategeko n’amabwiriza mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda; 10. Kugena ikiguzi cyo gutangaza inyandiko mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. 1.4. INDANGAGACIRO Z’INGENZI Kubera ko Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ari urwego rushinzwe kwimakaza umuco w’ubutabera mu gihugu, izi ndangagaciro nizo ziza imbere: kurangwa n’ubunyamwuga, guhanga udushya, kuba inyangamugayo, gukorera hamwe, umucyo, kubazwa ibyo wakoze no kuba umunyakuri. == 2. Serivisizitangwanaminisiteriy’ubutabera 2.1. kuburanira leta ==   Serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Kuburanira Leta Iyi serivisi ihabwa Inzego za Leta zifuza ko MINIJUST iziburanira Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta        Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Hagenderwa kuri gahunda yo kuburana Urukiko rwatanze Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Iyi serivisi itangirwa ubuntu    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    - Inyandiko ibisaba yabigenewe yuzuzwamo amakuru n’urwego rubisaba ; - Inama y’umunyamategeko w’urwo rwego kuri icyo kibazo; - Ibimenyetso byose byafasha mu kuburana urwo rubanza; - Izi dosiye zigomba kugera kuri MINIJUST byibuze mbere y’iminsi itanu (5) ibarwa kuva babonye imyanzuro; - Ku madosiye yaje muri IECMS (Ku nzego zidafite access kuriyo) MINIJUST iboherereza imyanzuro y’ikirego ibasaba gutanga amakuru n’ibimenyetso byangombwa kuriyo; - Ibisabwa bigomba kugera muri MINIJUST byibuze mu minsi (2) ibarwa kuva bashyikirijwe iyo myanzuro y’ikirego.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe   - Rugishyikirizwa hamagara (Urupapuro ruhamagaza kuza kuburana) Urwego rwa Leta rwifuza kuburanirwa na MINIJUST rugomba guhita rubimenyesha MINIJUST bitarenze umunsi umwe bakimara kuyibona; - Iyi hamagara kandi ishyikirizwa ibiro bya MINIJUST bicunga amadosiye y’imanza mbere y’iminsi 2. Mu gihe ari hamagara yihuta (mu gihe k’imanza zihuta) ushobora kuvugana na Bwana MANIRARORA J. Bosco; 0788574960 / 0738574960; jbosco.manirarora@minijust.gov.rw; Bwana KAMUGISHA Robert; Telephone: 0788581308 / 0738581308; E-mail: robert.kamugisha@minijust.gov.rw Telephone: E-mail: cyangwa     Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?     Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana Ntwali Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208/0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa - Inyandiko yuzuzwamo amakuru n’urwego rusaba kunganirwa mu Rukiko.   == 2.2. Gukemura impaka / ibibazo mu bwumvikane ==   Serivisi ni iyihe? Gukemura impaka / ibibazo mu bwumvikane    Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?    Iyi serivisi ihabwa: - inzego za Leta zibona zifite amahirwe make cyane yo gutsinda urubanza mu gihe zakomeza mu Nkiko; - buri wese wumva yararenganyijwe na Leta kandi afite amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda urubanza mu gihe agannye Inkiko. Ishami ryo kubarizamo Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta    Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Amezi atatu Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Iyi serivisi itangirwa ubuntu    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    A. Ku nzego za Leta - Ibaruwa isaba ko ikibazo ufite cyakemurwa mu bwumvikane; - Kugaragaza ibyo mwumva mwakwishyura uwo mufitanye ikibazo n’impamvu; - Kugaragaza ibyo mwumva mudashobora kwigomwa n’impamvu yabyo. B. Ku bandi batari inzego za Leta - Ibaruwa isaba ko ikibazo ufite cyakemurwa mu bwumvikane; - Ibimenyetso ushingiraho werekana ko Leta yakurenganyije, ibyo usaba ko wahabwa ndetse nibyo wumva wa kwigomwa mu gihe ikibazo gikemutse mu bwumvikane ; - Icyemezo cyerekana umwirondoro we – kopi y’irangamuntu, urwandiko rw’abajya mu mahanga (ku banyamahanga ) n’ibindi; - Ibaruwa ibisaba igaragaraho numero ya Konti ye amafaranga azashyirwaho. Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe Habanza kubaho inama ibanziriza iya Komite y’ubwumvikane yiga dosiye yawe igizwe n’abanyamategeko ba MINIJUST ndetse n’urwego rwa Leta rubifitemo inyungu. Iyo basanze dosiye ikwiye gukomeza mu bwumvikane ishyikirizwa Komite y’ubwumvikane. Mu nama ya Komite y’ubwumvikane hatumizwa abafite inyungu bose muri iyo dosiye bakagira ibyo bemeranya. Iyo ubwumvikane bugezweho hakorwa amasezerano y’ibyemeranyijwe agashyikirizwa Urwego rwa Leta rurebwa n’icyo kibazo kandi agasinywa n’impande zose zirebwa n’icyo kibazo.    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana Ntwali Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208/0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo == 2.3. Kwishyura uwatsinze mu rubanza urwego rwa leta ==   Serivisiniiyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Kwishyura uwatsinze Urwego rwa Leta mu rubanza rwabaye ntakuka Iyi serivisi ihabwa buri wese watsinze Leta mu rubanza rwabaye ndakuka Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta        Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Iyo amafaranga yatsindiye mu rubanza ahari / yateganyijwe mu ngengo y’imari, ayahabwa mu minsi 45 ariko iyo atateganyijwe amenyeshwa ko agomba gutegereza kuzayahabwa mu mezi atatu (3) ya mbere y’umwaka w’ingengo y’imari ikurikiyeho. Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Iyi serivisi itangirwa ubuntu    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    A) Ibikenewe ku watsinze Urwego rwa Leta rutari MINIJUST kugira ngo yishyurwe - Ibaruwa imenyesha MINIJUST imikirize y’urubanza; - Icyemezo cy’urukiko kuri urwo rubanza ndetse n’icyemeza ko cyabaye itegeko. B) IbikenewekuwatsinzeMinijustkugirango yishyurwe - Icyemezo cyerekana ko urubanza rwabaye ntakuka;       - Icyemezo cyerekana umwirondoro we – kopi y’irangamuntu, urwandiko rw’Abajya mu mahanga (ku banyamahanga ) n’ ibindi; - Ibaruwa ibisaba igaragaraho nimero ya Konti ye amafaranga azashyirwaho.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe - Ku watsinze MINIJUST: ➢ Uwatsinze wishyuza MINIJUST agomba kwohereza dosiye yuzuye kuri email ya Minijust: info@minijust.gov.rw hamwe n’ibaruwa isaba kwishyura n’ibindi bya ngombwa yasabwe. - Ku watsinze Urwego rwa Leta rutari MINIJUST: ➢ Iyo MINIJUST ibonye ibisabwa, mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15 yandikira urwo rwego rwa Leta irusaba ko rutangira imihango yo kurangiza urubanza nawe akabimenyeshwa bityo akegera urwo rwego kugira ngo yishyurwe.     Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana Ntwali Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208/0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo 2.4. KWISHYURA UMWENDA UFITIYE LETA 2.4.1. KoroherezaushakakwishyurakunezaumwendaafitiyeLeta    Serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Korohereza ushaka kwishyura ku neza ibyo yategetswe n’Inkiko Iyi serivisi ihabwa buri wese uyisabye ufitiye Leta umwenda Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta        Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    A. Kwishyura icyarimwe: Kwishyura ku neza bikorwa mu minsi 30 Urukiko rutegetse ko habaho kwishyura cyangwa mu kindi gihe MINIJUST yagennye mu nyandiko, cyangwa se mu gihe cyakumvikanwaho mu masezerano yo kwishyura ku bwumvikane. B. Kwishyura mu byiciro:      Mu minsi 30 Urukiko rutegetse ko habaho kwishyura wandikira MINIJUST ukayisaba kwishyura mu byiciro MINIJUST ikimara kubona iyo baruwa igasanga ubusabe bwawe bukwiye, mu gihe cy’iminsi 10 iragumagara mukaganira ku buryo kwishyura mu byiciro bizakorwa. Iyo mwemeranyije hakorwa amasezerano yo kwishyura mu byiciro. NB: Kwishyura mu byiciro ntabwo bishobora kurenza amezi 12 kandi hakurikijwe uko umwenda ufitiye Leta ungana ushobora gusabwa ingwate.    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?    Ntacyo    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe? -Kwishyura kuri konti no 1000007559 ya OT iri muri Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu; - Kwandikira MINIJUST uyimenyesha ko wishyuye maze ku mugereka akagaragaza ibi bikurira : - Icyemezo cy’Urukiko cyategetse kwishyura ayo mafaranga; - Urupapuro/impapuro za Banki zigaragaza ko wishyuye ayo mafaranga.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe   Iyo umaze kwishyura no kugeza kuri MINIJUST ibisabwa, mu gihembwe gikurikiraho ukurwa ku rutonde rw’abishyuzwa umwenda wa Leta kandi ukabimenyeshwa cyangwa ugahabwa icyemezo cyerekana ko wamaze kwishyura iyo ugisabye.    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana Ntwali Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208 / 0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo 2.4.2. Kwishyuzwa ku gahato umwenda wa Leta      Serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Kwishyuzwa ku gahato ibyo wategetswe n’Inkiko Iyi serivisi ihabwa buri wese wanze kwishyura umwenda wa Leta ku neza Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta        Serivisi itangwa ryari?    - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Iyi service ikorwa nande?    Abahesha b’Inkiko bafitanye na Leta amasezerano yo kurangiza imanza zirimo amafaranga ya Leta Abahesha b’Inkiko ba Leta Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira Igihembo cy’Umuhesha w’Inkiko utegetswe kukishyura ngo ubone serivisi? hamwe n’umwenda wa Leta 2.5. GUKURWA KU RUTONDE RW’ABAFITIYE LETA IMYENDA     Serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Gukurwa ku rutonde rw’abafitiye Leta umwenda Iyi serivisi ihabwa buri wese ufitiye Leta umwenda igihe amaze kuwishyura Ishami rishinzwe imanza za Leta        Serivisi itangwa ryari?    - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe? - Mu gihe urukiko rwagukuyeho izo nshingano: ➢ Iyo MINIJUST isuzumye dosiye yawe igasanga ibyo usaba ubikwiriye, ukurwa ku rutonde rusohoka mu gihembwe gikurikiye icyo wabisabiyemo ndetse ikanabikumenyesha mu nyandiko; ➢ Iyo MINIJUST isanze ibyo usaba utabikwiye nabwo ibikumenyesha mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15.       - Mu gihe warangije kwishyura: ➢ Iyo MINIJUST isuzumye dosiye yawe igasanga ibyo usaba ubikwiriye, ukurwa ku rutonde rusohoka mu gihembwe gikurikiye icyo wabisabiyemo ndetse ikanabikumenyesha mu nyandiko ➢ Iyo MINIJUST isanze ibyo usaba utabikwiye nabwo ibikumenyesha mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15.    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?    Iyi serivisi itangwa umaze kwishyura umwenda wari ufitiye Leta ndetse n’andi mafaranga yose wategetswe n’Urukiko    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uhabwe iyi serivisi? A. Mu gihe Urukiko rwagukuyeho izo nshingano: - Ibaruwa ibisaba yandikiwe Minisitiri w’Ubutabera/Intumwa ya Leta; - Icyemezo cy’Urukiko kiriho kashe mpuruza cyerekana ko urubanza rwa mbere rwashingiweho wishyuzwa rwavuyeho; - Icyemezo cyerekana ko iyo mikirize y’urubanza itigeze ijuririrwa. B. Mu gihe warangije kwishyura: - Icyemezo cy’Urukiko cyabaye Itegeko cyerekana amafaranga nyayo wagombaga kwishyura; - Urupapuro/impapuro za Banki zerekana ko ayo mafaranga wayishyuye. C. Mu gihe ari umwenda udashingiye ku rubanza: - Inyandiko cyangwa amasezerano ufitanye n’urwego rwa Leta yerekana amafaranga nyayo wagombaga kwishyura; - Urupapuro/impapuro za Banki zerekana ko ayo mafaranga wayishyuye.      Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe    Kubisaba Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ukagerekaho inyandiko zisabwa    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?   Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana Ntwali Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208 / 0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo 2.6. KUGIRA INAMA LETA MU BIJYANYE N’AMATEGEKO   Serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Kugira inama Leta mu bijyanye n’amategeko Serivisi ihabwa za Minisieri n’ibigo bya Leta bibyifuje Ishami rishinzwe kugira inama Leta mu bijyanye n’amategeko        Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Iminsi 15 Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo Ntacyo ubone serivisi?    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Gutanga inama ku masezerano: - Umushinga w’amasezerano (Draft contract); - Inyandiko zose zigaragaza uko isoko ryatanzwe (eg: Tender Document, letter of acceptance; Provisional and Final Notifications; Minutes of contract negotiation; contractor’s bid) ; Inama yatanzwe n’Umunyamamategeko w’Ikigo (in-house legal opinion). Gutanga inama ku masezerano mpuzamahanga - Amasezerano cyagwa Umushinga w’Amasezerano asabirwa inama;      - Inama yatanzwe n’Umunyamamategeko w’Ikigo (in-house legal opinion); - Inyandiko zose zirebana n’amasezerano asabwaho inama. Gutanga inama ku bindi bibazo - Inyandiko y’Ikigo gisaba inama isobanura imiterere y’ikibazo; - Izindi nyandiko za ngombwa zishobora gufasha kumva neza imiterere y’ikibazo; - Inama yatanzwe n’Umunyamamategeko w’Ikigo (in-house legal opinion) == 2.7.Guhamya no gushyira umukono wa noteri ku nyandiko (serivisi za notariya) == Serivisi ni iyihe? Guhamya no gushyira umukono ku nyandiko Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uhabwe iyi serivisi Impapuro zuzuzwa Kwandikira Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ukagerekaho inyandiko zisabwa Ntazo    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Utabonye iyi serivisi wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe serivisi ishinzwe iby’amategeko muri MINIJUST, Bwana NTWALI Emile kuri telephone ye igendanwa 0788486208 / 0738486208; E-mail: emile.ntwali@minijust.gov.rw          Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?    Serivisi ikorwa ku nyandiko zijya gukoreshwa hanze y’Igihugu no muri za Ambassade. ➢ Inyandiko zijya gukoreshwa hanze y’Igihugu no muri za Ambasade zerekeranye n’ishoramari zisinywa na Noteri wo muri RDB; ➢ Inyandiko zijya gukoreshwa hanze y’Igihugu no muri za Ambasade zerekeranye n’ubutaka zisinywa n’Umubitsi w’impapuro mpamo z’ubutaka. ➢ Inyandiko zindi ziterekeye ubutaka cyangwa ishoramari zisinywaho na noteri wo muri Minijust NB: Inyandiko zikoreshwa mu gihugu zisinywa na ba Noteri bo ku rwego rw’Akarere n’urw’Umurenge hashingiwe ku bubasha bahabwa n’Itegeko; Ishami ryo kubarizamo Ishami rishinzwe serivisi zo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage    Serivisi itangwa ryari?   ❖ Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; ❖ Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?   Iyo usaba serivisi yujuje ibisabwa ahita ahabwa serivisi hakurikijwe uko abasaba serivisi baje bakurikirana.    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?   I. guhamya imikono ni amafaranga igihumbi na magana atanu y’amanyarwanda (1.500 Frw) II. kwemeza ko inyandiko ari impamo ni amafaranga igihumbi na magana atanu y’amanyarwanda (1.500 Frw); III. Kwemeza ko kopi y’inyandiko ihuye n’iy’umwimerere ni amafaranga igihumbi na magana atanu y’amanyarwanda (1.500 Frw); IV. Gutanga kopi z’inyandiko umunoteri aba yakoze ni amafaranga ibihumbi bibiri y’amanyarwanda (2.000 Frw) kuri kopi y’inyandiko; V. Kwemeza no guhamya inyandiko zikomatanyije imitungo yimukanwa n’itimukanwa ni amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu y’amanyarwanda (5.000 Frw); VI. Gushyira umukono w’umunoteri kuri sitati ni amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu y’amanyarwanda (5.000 Frw) kuri buri sitati; VII. Gushyira umukono w’umunoteri ku masezerano ayo ari yo yose ni amafaranga ibihumbi bibiri y’amanyarwanda (2.000 Frw) kuri buri masezerano; VIII. Gutanga izindi nyandiko z’Umunoteri ziteganywa n’amategeko ni amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu y’amanyarwanda (5.000 Frw).    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    - Ibisabwa mu kwemeza imikono: ➢ Inyandiko igomba gusinyirwa imbere ya Noteri; ➢ Indangamuntu/icyemezo kiyisimbura cyangwa passport; ➢ Kwishyura ikiguzi cyagenwe n’Iteka rya Perezida N° 100/01 ryo ku wa 24/02/2017 rigena ingano y’amafaranga yishurwa kuri serivisi zitangwa n’umunoteri, binyujijwe muri system y’irembo   '''Ibisabwa mu kwemeza ko kopi y’inyandiko ihuye n’umwimerere wayo:''' ➢ Umubare wa kopi wifuza ndetse n’umwimerere wazo; ➢ Kwishyura ikiguzi cyagenwe n’Iteka rya Perezida N° 100/01 ryo ku wa 24/02/2017 rigena ingano y’amafaranga yishurwa kuri serivisi zitangwa n’umunoteri, binyujijwe muri system y’irembo Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira Uwujuje ibisabwa aza ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri ngo uyihabwe y’Ubutabera agahabwa serivisi akeneye    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Mu gihe waba utanyuzwe n’imitangire y’iyi serivisi Wahamagara Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Serivisi ishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, Mupenzi Narcisse ubarizwa kuri telephone: 0788888505/0738888505; E-mail: narcisse.mupenzi@minijust.gov.rw '''2.8.Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo''' == Gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuba umunoteri wikorera == Serivisi ni iyihe? Gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuba Noteri wikorera      Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?    Umuntu wese wujuje ibisabwa n’ Itegeko N0 13 bis/2014 ryo ku wa 21/05/2014 rigenga umurimo w’ubunoteri ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda N0 idasanzwe bis yo ku wa 29/05/2014, aribyo: ➢ Kuba afite ubwenegihugu bwa kimwe mu bihugu bigize umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba; ➢ Kuba yujuje nibura imyaka cumi n’umunani (18) y'amavuko; ➢ Kuba afite nibura impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko cyangwa indi bingana; ➢ Kuba afite icyemezo cy'uko atakatiwe igifungo kingana cyangwa kirengeje amezi atandatu (6); ➢ Kuba afite uburambe bw’imyaka itanu ( 5ans) mu mirimo ijyanye n’amategeko;    Ishami ryo kubarizamo    Ishami rishinzwe serivisi zo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage    Serivisi itangwa ryari? Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba;Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Amezi 3 Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngoSerivisi itangirwa ubuntu ubone serivisi?    Ni ibihe bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe? -Ibaruwa yandikiwe Minisitiri w'Ubutabera/Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta igaragaza umwirondoro wuzuye w’usaba kuba Notaire (Akarere, umurenge,akagari, umudugudu, E-mail na Telefone akoresha); - Icyemezo cy'amavuko ; - Umwirondoro wuzuye w’usaba (CV); - Fotokopi y'indangamuntu (ID) cyangwa iy’ikiyisimbura; - Icyemezo cy'Ubwenegihugu - Fotocopi y'Impamyabushobozi nibura y'Icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu mategeko iriho Umukono wa Noteri; - Icyemezo cyemeza ko atakatiwe n'Inkiko igihano kingana cyangwa kirengeje amezi atandatu (6) Extrait du casier judiciaire/Criminal record; - Icyemezo cy’umukoresha cyangwa cy’Ubuyobozi bw’urugaga cyangwa ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamwuga b’abanyamategeko kigaragaza uburambe nibura bw’imyaka 5 mu by’amategeko; - Kohereza dosiye kuri E-mail ya MINIJUST ikurikira: info@minijust.gov.rw    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe Nyuma y'ukwezi ushaka ku ba Noteri wikorera atanze dosiye; ➢ Hashyirwaho Itsinda risuzuma amadosiye y'Abakandida basabye muri uko kwezi kuba ba noteri bikorera; ➢ Urutonde rw’abakandida bujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa rwohererezwa Umushinjacyaha Mukuru kugira ngo avuge icyo atekereza kuri iryo saba mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itandatu (60); ➢ Abakandida batujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa babimenyeshwa mu ibaruwa igaragaza ibisabwa batujuje mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe (1) uhereye umunsi w'isuzumwa ry'amadosiye; ➢ Nyuma yo kubona ibitekerezo by’Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru,abakandida bujuje ibisabwa bemererwa kuba noteri wikorera hakoreshjwe ibaruwa, nyuma bakarahizwa mbere yo gutangira imirimo;    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Kwandikira Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ibaruwa ugaragaza aho ubona warenganijwe n’ibimenyetso bibigaragaza - - '''Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo''' - == 2.9. GUTANGA UBURENGANZIRA BWO KUBA UMUHESHA W’INKIKO W’UMWUGA Serivisi ni iyihe? Gutanga uburenganzira bwo kuba Umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga ==      '''Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?'''    Usaba kuba umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga agomba kuba yujuje ibi bikurikira: ➢ Kuba afite ubwenegihugu bwa kimwe mu bihugu bigize umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba; ➢ Kuba yujuje nibura imyaka makumyabiri n'umwe (21) y'amavuko; ➢ Kuba afite nibura impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko cyangwa indi bingana; ➢ Kuba afite icyemezo cy'uko atakatiwe igifungo kingana cyangwa kirengeje amezi atandatu (6); ➢ Kuba yatsinze ikizamini cyanditse. Ishami ryo kubarizamo Ishami rishinzwe serivisi zo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage    '''Serivisi itangwa ryari?'''   Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyendaz’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?   Amezi 6    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?    Serivisi itangirwa ubuntu    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   - Ibaruwa yandikiwe Minisitiri w'Ubutabera/Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta agatanga Kopi yayo kwa Perezida w'Urukiko Rukuru na Perezida w'Urugaga rw'Abahesha b'inkiko; - Icyemezo cy'Ubwenegihugu gitangwa n'Umurenge; - Icyemezo cy'amavuko ; - Fotokopi y'indangamuntu (ID); - Fotocopi y'Impamyabushobozi nibura y'Icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu mategeko iriho 22       Umukono wa Noteri; - Icyemezo cyemeza ko atakatiwe n'Inkiko igihano kingana cyangwa kirengeje amezi atandatu (6) Extrait du casier judiciaire/Criminal record; - Nomero ya Telephone usaba abarizwaho; - Kohereza dosiye kuri E-mail ya MINIJUST ikurikira: info@minijust.gov.rw    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe   - Nyuma y'amezi atatu usaba kuba umuhesha w'Inkiko atanze dosiye; ➢ Hashyirwaho Itsinda risuzuma amadosiye y'Abakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga; ➢ Abakandida bujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa bamenyeshwa Umushinjacyaha Mukuru, Perezida w'Urugaga rw'Abahesha b'Inkiko, kugira ngo bagire icyo bavuga ku bakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe (1) ➢ Abakandida batujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa babimenyeshwa mu ibaruwa igaragaza ibisabwa batujuje mu gihe kitarenze amezi abiri (2) uhereye umunsi w'isuzumwa ry'amadosiye; ➢ Abakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga batanzweho ibitekerezo n'inzego zimaze kuvugwa haruguru bashyikirizwa Perezida w’Urugaga kugira ngo bakoreshwe ikizamini ; ➢ Abakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga bamaze gutsinda ikizamini bemerwa n'Inama Nyobozi y'Urugaga rw'Abahesha b'Inkiko nyuma y'iminsi mirongo itatu (30) amanota amaze gutangazwa; ➢ Abakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga batsinze ikizamini kandi bemewe n'Inama Nyobozi y'Urugaga rw'Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga bakorerwa Iteka ribemerera kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe (1) uhereye igihe Inama Nyobozi y'Urugaga rw'Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga yabemereje; ➢ Abakandida basabye kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga nyuma y'itangazwa ry'Iteka rya Minisitiri mu Igazeti ya Leta ribemerera kuba Abahesha b'Inkiko b'Umwuga, bategurirwa indahiro bakarahirira imbere ya Minisitiri cyangwa imbere y'umukozi wa Leta yabihereyeububasha. ➢ Abahesha b'Inkiko bamaze kurahira bakirirwa indahiro zabo na Minisitiri cyangwa Umukozi wa Leta yabihereye ububasha bagahabwa n'Icyemezo cy'irahira.    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Mu gihe waba utanyuzwe n’imitangire y’iyi serivisi Wahamagara Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Serivisi ishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, Mupenzi Narcisse ubarizwa kuri telephone: 0788888505/0738888505; E-mail: narcisse.mupenzi@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo == 2.10. Guhuza ibikorwa byose byerekeranye n’irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha no gukurikirana ibibazo bigaragaramo ==      Serivisi ni iyihe?    - Guhuza ibikorwa byose byerekeranye n’irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha , - Gukurikirana ibibazo biri mu irangizwa ry’inyandikompesha    Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?   - Umuntu wese ubisabye mu nyandiko cyangwa mu magambo, akagaragaza ko yagejeje ikibazo cye mu Rugaga rw’Abahesha b’Inkiko cyangwa ku bakozi ba Minisiteri y’Ubutabera bakorera muri MAJ mu turere twose tw’Iguhugu ariko ikibazo ntigikemuke; Ishami ryo kubarizamo Serivisi itangwa ryari? Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Ishami rishinzwe kwegereza serivisi z’ubutabera abaturage Igihe cyose serivisi isabwe Serivisi itangirwa ubuntu      Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itanu(5) y’akazi ibarwa uhereye igihe usaba yagereje ubusabe bwe kuri Minisiteri    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   - Ibaruwa yandikiwe Nyakubahwa Minisitiri w'Ubutabera /Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta ibisaba igaragaza impamvu n’ibimenyetso byerekana ko yandikiye urugaga rw’abahesha b’inkiko b’umwuga agaragaza ikibazo cye ntirugikemure cyangwa se ko yakigejeje kuri MAJ ntigikemuke; - Numero ya telephone igendanwa na email usaba serivisi yabarizwaho; - Inyandiko igaragaza amakuru yose ashobora gutuma usuzuma ikibazo acyumva neza - Kohereza dosiye kuri Email ya MINIJUST ikurikira: info@minijust.gov.rw    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe    Kwandikira Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ukohereza ibaruwa ukoresheje e-mail cyangwa ugahamagara ku murongo wa telefoni utishyurwa 3936 mu gihe ushaka igisubizo mu magambo    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe utanyuzwe na serivisi uhawe ?   Mu gihe waba utanyuzwe n’imitangire y’iyi serivisi Wahamagara Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Serivisi ishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, Mupenzi Narcisse ubarizwa kuri telephone: 0788888505/0738888505; E-mail: narcisse.mupenzi@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo == 2.11 Gutanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko ku bibazo by’akarengane byashyikirijwe minisiteri ==      Serivisi ni iyihe?    Gutanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko ku bibazo by’akarengane byashyikirijwe Minisiteri    Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?   Iyi serivisi ihabwa umuntu wese wandikiye cyangwa wahamagaye muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera ukeneye ubufasha mu by’amategeko, akagaragaza ko ikibazo cye yakigejeje ku bakozi ba Minisiteri y’Ubutabera bakorera muri MAJ mu karere ikibazo kirimo ntigikemuke, akerekana raporo yavuye muri MAJ ndetse n’izindi nyandiko zisobanura ikibazo afite;   Ishami ryo kubarizamo Ishami rishinzwe serivisi zo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage    Serivisi itangwa ryari?   Kuva ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya za mu gitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya za mu gitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Bitarenze iminsi itanu (5) y’akazi uhereye igihe dosiye yuzuye yakiriwe Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Nta kiguzi bisaba    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Inyandiko zose za ngombwa zisobanura imiterere y’ikibazo, izavuye mu zindi nzego zagejejweho ikibazo harimo na raporo ya MAJ    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe Mu gihe ari ikibazo gitanzwe mu nyandiko, ibaruwa yandikiwe Minisitiri w’Ubutabera iherekejwe n’ibimenyetso bigaragaza ikibazo cye byoherezwa kuri Email ya MINIJUST ikurikira: info@minijust.gov.rw Ashobora no guhamagara kuri telefoni itishyurwa 3936 agasobanura ikibazo cye.     Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?    Mu gihe waba utanyuzwe n’imitangire y’iyi serivisi Wahamagara Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Serivisi ishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, Mupenzi Narcisse ubarizwa kuri telephone: 0788888505/0738888505; E-mail: narcisse.mupenzi@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo == 2.12 . Kwegereza ubutabera abaturage (MAJ) ==    Serivisi ni iyihe?    ➢ Kugira inama abaturage zishingiye ku mategeko no kubayobora aho ibibazo byabo bigendanye n’amategeko byakemukira;  ➢ Kubakorera umwanzuro ushingiye ku mategeko wo gushyikiriza urukiko; ➢ Guhugura abaturage ku mategeko amwe n’amwe bakunze gukoresha; ➢ Guhugura Abunzi no kubagira inama mu mategeko; ➢ Kunganira abatishoboye mu Nkiko; ➢ Kurangiriza imanza abatishoboye. Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ihabwa abaturage bose bayifuza kandi ntiyishyurwa    Ishami ryo kubarizamo    Ishami rishinzwe serivisi zo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage / Inzu zitanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko (MAJ) ziri muri buri karere.    Serivisi itangwa ryari? Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya za mu gitondo kugera saa sita z’amanywa; ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa kumi n’imwe z’umugoroba. Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya za mu gitondo kugera saa sita z’amanywa; ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisibifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Ubusanzwe nta gihe bifata ngo ubone iyi serivisi, igihe uyisabiye ni cyo gihe uyibonera, uretse abakenera kunganirwa mu nkiko no kurangirizwa imanza kuko hari ibindi bibanza gukorwa (legal procedures). Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo Iyo wujuje ibisabwa iyi serivisi uyihabwa ku buntu. ubone serivisi?    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   ➢ Usaba iyi serivisi yitwaza impapuro zose cyangwa se ibindi bimenyetso birebana n’ikibazo afite. ➢ Abifuza kurangirizwa imanza n’abasaba kunganirwa mu nkiko bashyikiriza MAJ icyemezo cy’uko batishoboye nacyo gitangwa n’inzego z’ibanze ku buntu.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe    Kugira ngo ubone iyi Serivisi nta yindi nzira unyuramo, uretse kwegera Inzu zitanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko (MAJ) no kwitwaza icyemezo cy’uko utishoboye (ubarizwa mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’ubudehe) igihe wifuza kunganirwa mu nkiko / kurangirizwa urubanza n’umukozi wa MAJ.              Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu Iyo abakozi b’Inzu zitanga ubufasha mu by’amategeko gihe udahawe iyi serivisi? (MAJ) mu turere bataguhaye iyi serivisi, witabaza ishami rishinzwe guhuza ibikorwa byo kwegereza ubutabera abaturage muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera, ugahamagara Umuyobozi w’iryo shami MUGABO Frank kuri telefoni: 0788579394/0735130242 cyangwa kuri E-mail: frank.mugabo@minijust.gov.rw. Utanyurwa ugahamagara Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Serivisi ishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, Mupenzi Narcisse ubarizwa kuri telephone: 0788888505/0738888505; E-mail: narcisse.mupenzi@minijust.gov.rw Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo == 2.13 Kwishyura inyemezabuguzi zirebana na serivisi, ibigemurwa cyangwa imirimo byahawe cyangwa byakorewe minisiteri == Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Iyi serivisi ihabwa uwatsindiye isoko muri Minisiteri    Iyi serivisi ni iyihe?    Kwishyura inyemezabuguzi zirebana na serivisi, ibigemurwa cyangwa imirimo byahawe cyangwa byakorewe Minisiteri     Serivisi itangwa ryari?   - Guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa kane: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; - Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisi bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Bitarenze iminsi umunani (08) y’akazi ibarwa uhereye umunsi watanzeho ibyangombwa byose usabwa ngo wishyurwe. Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo Ntacyo ubone serivisi?    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   - Aho ibintu byasabiwe (Purchase Order); - Inyemezabuguzi 4; - Kopi y’amasezerano asinye; - Ikigaragaza ko watsindiye isoko; - Kopi y’ingwate yatanzwe muri banki; - Aho bagusinyiye ko bakiriye ibintu cyangwa serivisi; - Raporo isinye y’imirimo yarangiye gukorwa; - Ikigaragaza ko ibyasabwe byemejwe; - Izindi nyandiko za ngombwa zijyanye n’ibyishyuzwa.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Utanga inyemezabuguzi iherekejwe n’ibindi byangombwa bisabwa, mu b iro by’Umunyamabanga Uhoraho/Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Yungirije ugategereza.    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?   Utanyuzwe wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe imirimo rusange muri MINIJUST, Twahirwa Gervais kuri 0788303383/0738303383 cyangwa ukamwandikira kuri E-Mail: gervais.twahirwa@minijust.gov.rw     Impapuro zuzuzwa   Iyo ari ubwa mbere wishyurwa na Leta hari Urupapuro usinyisha kuri Banki yawe mbere y’uko umukozi ubishinzwe wa Minisiteri ajyana iyo nyandiko ituma ushyirwa muri Smart IFMIS ikoreshwa mu gucunga umutungo wa Leta. 2.14 GUTANGA IBYEMEZO BY’ABAHOZE ARI ABAKOZI BA MINISITERI Y’UBUTABERA   Iyi serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ishami ryo kubarizamo Gutanga ibyemezo by’abakozi bahoze bakorera Minisiteri Iyi serivisi ihabwa uwahoze ari umukozi wa Minisiteri Ishami rishinzwe imicungire y’abakozi n’ubutegetsi        Serivisi itangwa ryari?    - Buri munsi w’akazi: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugeza saa cyenda z’amanywa.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisibifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Bitarenze iminsi itatu y’akazi uhereye umunsi byasabiweho Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo Ntacyo ubone serivisi?    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   - Ibaruwa yashyize umukozi mu kazi n’ibaruwa imusezerera cyangwa isezera (ku bakozi batashyizweho n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri); - Icyemezo cy’Inama y’Abaminisitiri kimushyira mu mwanya, kimusimbura, kimukuraho cyangwa kimuha indi mirimo (ku bakozi bashyizweho n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri); - Amasezerano y’akazi kubakoreye ku masezerano.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe    Kwandikira ibaruwa Umunyamabanga Uhoraho/Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta Yungirije ibisaba kandi ugatanga inyandiko zavuzwe ahabanza ziherwaho hategurirwa ibyo usaba. Ibaruwa yoherezwa kuri E-mail ya Minisiteri info@minijust.gov.rw     Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?   Utanyuzwe wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe imirimo rusange muri MINIJUST, Twahirwa Gervais kuri 0788303383/0738303383 cyangwa ukamwandikira kuri E-Mail: gervais.twahirwa@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa ntazo == 2.15 Gutanga ibyangombwa byo kurangiza amasoko == Gutanga ibyangombwa byo kurangiza amasoko Iyi serivisi ihabwa Rwiyemezamirimo wigeze gutsindira isoko akagirana amasezerano na Minisiteri.     Iyi serivisi ni iyihe? Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?      Serivisi itangwa ryari?    - Buri munsi w’akazi: ➢ Kuva saa moya z’igitondo kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba kugeza saa kumi n’imwe za nimugoroba; -Ku wa gatanu: ➢ Kuva saa moya kugeza saa sita z’amanywa ➢ Kuva saa saba z’amanywa kugezasaa cyenda z’amanywa. Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisibifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe? Bitarenze iminsi itatu y’akazi uhereye igihe byasabiweho    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?   Nta kiguzi cyakwa kuri iyi servisi    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    - Amasezerano y’isoko yarangiye; - Ifishi yujujwe na servisi yacunze amasezerano igaragaza uko abahawe servisi bayibonye.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe Kwandikira ibaruwa Umunyamabanga Uhoraho/Intumwa Nkuru ya LetaYungirije ukayohereza kuri e-mail ya Minijust ariyo info@minijust.gov.rw    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?     Utanyuzwe wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe imirimo rusange muri MINIJUST, Twahirwa Gervais kuri 0788303383/0738303383 cyangwa ukamwandikira kuri E- Mail: gervais.twahirwa@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa Ntazo 2.16 GUSUBIZA INGWATE YATANZWE MU GUPIGANIRA CYAMUNARA      Serivisi ni iyihe?    Gusubiza ingwate y’ipiganwa yatanzwe muri Cyamunara n’amafaranga yashyizwe kuri Konti yabugenewe agenewe kurangiza imanza (MINUJUST Auctions Funds -MAF)    Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde?   ➢ Umuhesha w’inkiko wifuza kuzuza 95% by’amafaranga yavuye muri cyamunara, itangwa n’uwatsindiye cyamunara; ➢ Uwapiganwe watsinze cyangwa ntabashe gutsinda. Ishami ryo kubarizamo Serivisi itangwa ryari? Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi? Ishami ry’Imari ➢ Buri munsi w’akazi igihe isabwe Serivisi itangirwa ubuntu      Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisibifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Bitarenze iminsi itatu y’akazi    Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?   ➢ Ibaruwa yandikiwe Minisitiri w’Ubutabera/Intumwa Nkuru ya Leta isaba gusubizwa ingwate yanditswe n’uwayitanze cyangwa Umuhesha w’Inkiko w’Umwuga. Iyo baruwa igomba kugaragaza Konti, Banki n’Amazina amafaranga asabwa gusubizwa azoherezwaho; ➢ Ikigaragaza ko amafaranga asabwa yashyizwe kuri Konti yabugenewe; ➢ Kopi y’Indangamuntu y’usaba ingwate iyo ari uwapiganwe; ➢ Urutonde ruriho abitabiriye Cyamunara rugaragaza umwirondoro wabo n’ibiciro batanze; ➢ Kopi y’Urubanza rwarangizwaga hakorwa Cyamunara (Iyo ari ukurangiza urubanza); ➢ Indi nyandiko yose iha abasubiza ingwate amakuru atuma gusubiza ingwate byihuta.    Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe   Inyandiko zose zavuzwe ahabanza zigomba guherekeza ibaruwa kugira ngo abasubiza amafaranga babonere amakuru yose hamwe, zinyuzwa kuri E-mail ya Minisiteri: info@minijust.gov.rw    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?     Utanyuzwe wahamagara Umuyobozi ushinzwe imirimo rusange muri MINIJUST, Twahirwa Gervais kuri 0788303383/0738303383 cyangwa ukamwandikira kuri E-Mail: gervais.twahirwa@minijust.gov.rw   Impapuro zuzuzwa 2.17 GUTANGAZA MU IGAZETI YA REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA Serivisi ni iyihe? Gutangaza inyandiko ziteganywa n’amategeko mu Igazeti ya Leta Iyi serivisi ihabwa nde? Ihabwa umuntu ufite inyandiko itegeko riteganya ko igomba gutangaza mu Igaziti ya Leta Ntazo          Ni ibihe bya ngombwa bisabwa kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Ibisabwa ni ibi bikurikira : 1° ibaruwa yanditswe n’Urwego rubifitiye ububasha isaba ko iyo nyandiko itangazwa mu igazeti ya Leta;       2° Inyandiko isabirwa gutangazwa mu igazeti yanditse mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko; 3° Inyemezabwishyu. Ishami ryo kubarizamo Ubuziranenge bw’amategeko n’Igazeti ya Leta    Serivisi itangwa ryari?   Serivisi itangwa ku minsi yose y’akazi mu masaha y’akazi.    Uhereye igihe wasabiye serivisibifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo uyihabwe?    Iyo ibisabwa byose byuzuye, serivisi itangwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 14.    Ni ikihe kiguzi gisabwa kugira ngo ubone serivisi?   1° Inyandiko ishyirwa kuri kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cy’urupapuro A4 yishyurwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi birindwi (7.000 FRW); 2° Inyandiko ishyirwa ku rupapuro rwose rwa A4 yishyurwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi cumi na bine (14.000 FRW) Binyura mu yihe nzira kugira ngo uyihabwe Hari ibindi ukeneye kumenya kugira ngo ubone iyo serivisi Impapuro zuzuzwa Serivisi isabwa hakoreshejwe urubuga www.irembo.gov.rw Iyo hari ibisobanuro ukeneye wandika ubisaba kuri igazeti@minijust.gov.rw Ibigomba kuzuzwa byose byuzuzwa hakoreshejwe urubuga www.irembo.gov.rw    Ese hari uburyo bwo kurenganurwa mu gihe udahawe iyi serivisi?     Iyo utabonye serivisi wandika kuri e-mail: igazeti@minijust.gov.rw cyangwa ugahamagara kuri 0722446162 cyangwa kuri telefone itishyurwa 3736 == Indangamurongo == https://www.minijust.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=53279&token=881d5d0337225c1009222a21d6a0fa99cb4ab6d4 caoj6iohzdkdaxb576tn48b5o1b8z3g 0 15368 137024 132551 2026-09-14T13:11:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sunrise over Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|301x301px]] Hagamijwe gukomeza ku bungabunga Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe no kwigisha abayangiza kubireka, mu nkengero zayo hakomeje ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gukora ubukangurambaga. Ni nyuma y’uko byagaragaye ko hari abaturiye Nyungwe bagikora ibikorwa bibi birimo kwica inyamaswa ziyibamo bakazibaga cyangwa bagategamo imitego ndetse hari n’abahagika imizinga mu nkengero zayo bajya guhakura bagateza inkongi y’umurimo. Urugero ni nk’aho muri Kanama 2022 muri Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe ku ruhande rw’Umurenge wa Bweyeye mu Karere ka Rusizi hagaragaye inkongi ikomeye. Abaturage n’inzego z’umutekano bihutiye kuzimya ariko kuko umuriro wari ufite imbaraga icyo gikorwa cyatwaye iminsi ibiri bituma hashya hegitari 21. [[Dosiye:NYUNGWE.jpg|thumb|300x300px]] Nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe abantu bane batawe muri yombi bakurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gutwika Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe. Umuryango Biodiversity Conservation Organisation (Biocoor) wita ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’iterambere ry’abaturage, watangije uburyo bwo gusanga abagenzi mu modoka zinyura muri Nyungwe ubibutsa ko bagomba kwirinda ibikorwa bibi biyangiza. Ni ubukangurambaga buri kujyana no gukomeza kwigisha abaturage kudakorera ubuhigi muri Nyungwe no kudahohotera inyamaswa ziyisohotsemo ko ahubwo bakwiye kuzitabariza zigasubizwamo mu mahoro. Usibye ibyo, hateguwe n’amarushanwa y’impano zitandukanye zigaruka ku byiza byayo aho abayatsinze babihemberwa. [[Dosiye:Hiking through Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda.jpg|thumb]] Yateguwe na Biocoor ku nkunga ya Joa na Trocaire, abayitabiriye barushanyijwe mu kunyoga igare banyura mu mihanda ikikije Nyungwe, mu mivugo no mu ndirimbo ndetse hahembwa n’abanyamakuru bakoze inkuru zikangurira abaturage kubungabunga ibidukikije. Uwase Sandra w’imyaka 13 y’amavuko ni umwe mu batsinze amarushanwa ahabwa n’igihembo. Yavuze ko igihembo ahawe kimuteye umurava wo gukomeza kwita ku bidukikije no kubikangurira abandi. [[Dosiye:Nyungwe Foprest panorama.jpg|thumb|975x975px]] Ati “Nk’uko tubizi Nyungwe yinjiza amadovize bakatwubakira amashuri tukiga bakaduha n’ibindi bikorwaremezo bidufasha mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Igihembo nahawe cyanteye umurava wo gukomeza kwigisha abandi ibyiza byo kubungabunga ibidukikije.” [[Dosiye:Canope transport.jpg|thumb]] Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa wa BIOCOOR, Dr Ange Imanishimwe, yavuze ko uburyo nk’ubu bwo gukoresha amarushanwa bufasha mu kurushaho gutuma abaturage bakangukira kurinda no kurengera ibidukikije. Yagize ati “Dushaka gutoza abanyarwanda ku buryo umuntu abona inyamaswa akayitabariza akayitaho kubera ko nazo zidufitiye akamaro. Niyo mpamvu twahisemo abantu bafite ibihangano kugira ngo mu by’ukuri badufashe gukomeza guhindura imyumvire y’abaturage kandi n’iyi Nyungwe duturiye ihinduke ubukungu bw’abantu kuko ni pariki irimo amahirwe menshi abantu babyaza umusaruro.” Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Kitabi, Nteziryayo André, yashimiye umuryango BIOCOOR uruhare ugira mu kwita ku bidukikije n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no kubikangurira abandi, awizeza ko Leta izakomeza gufatanya nawo. [[Dosiye:Primates in Nyungwe Forest NP 20150928-DSCF4935.jpg|thumb]] Ati “Dukomeze ubufatanye mu kubungabunga Nyungwe yacu ndetse no kubitoza abakiri bato kugira ngo bakurane uwo muco mwiza.” Muri gahunda nk’iyi y’amarushanwa agamije gukangurira abaturiye Nyungwe ku yibungabunga hamaze gutangwa arenga Miliyoni 3 Frw yahawe abatsinze amarushanwa yo kuririmba, kuvuga imivugo, no konyonga amagare. Hakorwa n’ibikorwa birimo kwigisha abana b’abanyeshuri mu gihe cy’ibiruhuko, bagatozwa kwita ku bidukikije no kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. == Amashakiro; == http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/abagikora-ibikorwa-bibi-byangiza-nyungwe-bakebuwe 73jo2v3njtnj4bhhmxu4y5ysp7p8sd8 0 15842 137060 93932 2026-09-14T13:12:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137060 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elvis Okello Bwomono''' (yavutse 29 Ugushyingo 1998) ni umukinnyi ukina [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri Uganda ukina nk'umukinnyi w'inyuma wa ÍBV . == Umwuga wa ikipe == === Urubyiruko na Southend === Bwomono yavukiye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kugeza afite imyaka itatu. Bwomomo yaje kwimukira i Londres aho yize kuri Hatch End High School . Yatangiye umwuga we nk'umukinnyi ukiri muto muri Queens Park Rangers, nyuma aza kwinjira muri Southend afite imyaka 14. Atangiye gukinira Southend batsinze Gillingham ibitego 2–1 mu gikombe cya EFL yo mu majyepfo ya 2017 B ku ya 29 Kanama 2017. Mu Kwakira 2017, yasinye amasezerano ye yambere y'umwuga niyi kipe. Nyuma yo gusezererwa, Bwomono yanze amasezerano mashya yanga gukinira iyi kipe, nubwo yagize uruhare rwe mu gusezerera iyi kipe. Nyuma yaje kuva muri Southend. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2021 |title=Southend United 'have done all they can' to engage with Elvis Bwomono |url=https://www.echo-news.co.uk/sport/19720806.southend-united-have-done-can-engage-elvis-bwomono/ |access-date=17 May 2022 |website=echo-news.co.uk}}</ref> === Íbv === Muri Gicurasi 2022, Bwomono yinjiye muri Besta-deild karla sideBV . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2022 |title=FÓTBOLTI - ELVIS BWOMONO TIL ÍBV |url=https://ibvsport.is/read/2022-05-11/elvis-bwomono-til-ibv |access-date=17 May 2022 |publisher=[[Íþróttabandalag Vestmannaeyja]] |language=Icelandic}}</ref> Bwomono yerekanwe bwa mbere muri [[Imisambi ya Uganda|Uganda]] mu Gushyingo 2020 aho bakinaga na Sudani y'Amajyepfo . == Imibare y'umwuga == === ikipe === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Ibigaragara n'intego by club, ibihe n'amarushanwa ! rowspan="2" | ikipe ! rowspan="2" | Igihe ! colspan="3" | Urutonde ! colspan="2" | Igikombe cya FA ! colspan="2" | Igikombe cya EFL ! colspan="2" | Ibindi ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo |- ! Igabana ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego ! Porogaramu ! Intego |- | rowspan="4" | Amajyepfo Yunze ubumwe | 2017–18 | Urutonde rwa mbere | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 0 |- | 2018–19 | Urutonde rwa mbere | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 36 | 1 |- | 2019–20 | Urutonde rwa mbere | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 39 | 1 |- | 2020–21 | Urutonde rwa kabiri | 41 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 44 | 1 |- ! colspan="3" | Umwuga wose ! 116 ! 2 ! 3 ! 0 ! 3 ! 0 ! 11 ! 1 ! 133 ! 3 |} === Mpuzamahanga === == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda]] kflhhkqt3l3884r6p1i5fzivois4dfi 0 16037 137061 135676 2026-09-14T13:12:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137061 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yves Angani''' ni umukinnyi ukina mu ikipe mpuzamahanga mu mupira, [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|w'amaguru wa Congo]], wavutse 26 April Ku ya 26 Mata 1991 . Akina nka rutahizamu . <ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/yves-angani/profil/spieler/208133</ref><ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/yves-angani-kayiba_prs295186/person.shtml</ref><ref>https://m.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/152896-yves-angani</ref><ref>https://www.fcmetz.com/angani-kayiba-yves</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/45720/Yves_Angani.html</ref><ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/188223/yves-angani-kayiba</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.playmakerstats.com/player.php?id=265206 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-05 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405202443/https://www.playmakerstats.com/player.php?id=265206 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thefootballlovers.com/players/yves-angani-kayiba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-05 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405202444/https://thefootballlovers.com/players/yves-angani-kayiba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima == === Umwuga wa ikipe === Yves Angani yatangiye umwuga we muri ikipe yo muri Congo ya [[FC Système]] . Mu 2012, yimukiye mu [[Burayi]] yinjira mu ikipe y'Ububiligi KRC Genk . THE1 ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2013, yagurijwe igihembwe (hiyongereyeho umwaka 1 nk'uburyo bwo guhitamo) muri FC Metz, yazamuwe ku mwanya wa 2 Igice cy'Abafaransa . === Mu guhitamo === Yves Angani ni umukinnyi wabigize umwuga w'umukongomani, == Umwuga == * 2009 - 2012 :</img> [[FC Système|Sisitemu ya FC]] * Kuva mu 2012 :</img> KRC Genk * Kuva muri Nyakanga 2013 :</img> FC Metz , == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] 49x3hpavtt635qq46sdaoyjw5hgmhw2 0 16049 136880 134642 2026-09-14T13:07:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yannick Bangala Litomba''',(yavutse taliki ya 14 Mata 1994) i [[Kinshasa]], ni umukinnyi ukina [[umupira w'amaguru]] wa[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repuburika Iharanaira Demokarasi ya congo]]. Akina nka myugariro cyangwa umukinnyi wo hagati urinda izamu, kuri ubu akinira Young Africans . <ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/sport/yanga%E2%80%99s-tainted-euphoria-yannick-bangala-and-pain-bungled-penalty%C2%A0</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/sports/who-will-win-best-player-award--3871940 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-06 |archive-date=2023-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170139/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/sports/who-will-win-best-player-award--3871940 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/sport/mexime-bangala-deserves-202122-premier-league-best-player-prize</ref><ref>https://northafricapost.com/32603-drc-4-congolese-soccer-players-flee-in-canoe-to-sign-contracts-in-morocco.html</ref><ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/sport/coach%20nabi-explains-change-bangala%E2%80%99s-position</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brila.net/africas-expensive-player-bakambu-leads-dr-congo-squad-super-eagles-friendly/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-06 |archive-date=2023-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406095253/https://www.brila.net/africas-expensive-player-bakambu-leads-dr-congo-squad-super-eagles-friendly/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/sport/yangas-trio-set-miss-2022-mapinduzi-cup-tourney</ref> == Ubuzima == Hamwe no gutoranya Abanyekongo batarengeje imyaka 20, yitabiriye igikombe cy’ibihugu by’Africa cyo muri 2013 cyateguwe muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] . Hamwe n’abatoranijwe nyamukuru, yaje kwitabira amarushanwa y’ibihugu bya Afurika muri 2014 na 2016 . [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] yatsindiye ku nshuro ya 2016 yabereye mu [[Rwanda]], itsinze Mali ku mukino wa nyuma n'amanota 3-0. == Ibihembo == * Uwatsinze Shampiyona y’ibihugu by’Afurika muri 2016 hamwe n’ikipe ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] hhfzeb3t5vf6v9tgaekggp718910i95 0 16230 136794 133605 2026-09-14T13:05:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136794 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mount Meru, 2012.jpg|thumb|MOUNT MERU|296x296px]] '''Umusozi wa Meru''' uzwi kandi ku izina rya '''Sumeru''', '''Sineru''' cyangwa '''Mahāmeru''', ni umusozi ufite impinga eshanu z'imisozi miremire y'Abahindu, Jain, na Budisti . Uyu [[musozi]] uvugwa kandi mu byanditswe bimwe na bimwe by'amadini adashingiye ku [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] nka Taoism byatewe no kuza kw'abasenga Buda mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THƯỢNG THẤT TIÊU TAI TẬP PHÚC DIỆU KINH |url=https://thegioivohinh.com/diendan/showthread.php?882588-TH%C6%AF%E1%BB%A2NG-TH%E1%BA%A4T-TI%C3%8AU-TAI-T%E1%BA%ACP-PH%C3%9AC-DI%E1%BB%86U-KINH |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=thegioivohinh.com |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308221146/https://thegioivohinh.com/diendan/showthread.php?882588-TH%C6%AF%E1%BB%A2NG-TH%E1%BA%A4T-TI%C3%8AU-TAI-T%E1%BA%ACP-PH%C3%9AC-DI%E1%BB%86U-KINH |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aho izina Meru rya Komotse == Insengero nyinshi zizwi cyane [[Budisime|z'abasenga Buda]], Jain, n'Abahindu zubatswe nk'ikigereranyo cy'uyu musozi. Izina nyaryo ry'[[umusozi]] ni '''Meru''', hiyongeraho imbanzirizazina yemewe ya '''su-''', bivamo ibisobanuro "Meru ihebuje" cyangwa "Meru nziza". ''Meru'' ni izina ry'amasaro yo hagati muri mālā . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meru |url=https://www.sanskritdictionary.com/?q=meru&iencoding=iast&lang=sans |access-date=2019-08-16 |website=Sanskrit Dictionary}}</ref> = Ubumenyi bw'isi = Ibipimo byitiriwe umusozi wa Meru - byose bivugako ari igice cy'inyanja ya Cosmic, hamwe n'andi magambo menshi abisobanura mu magambo adasobanutse neza (urugero, "izuba hamwe n'imibumbe yose bizenguruka umusozi") - kumenya aho biherereye biragoye cyane, nkuko abahanga benshi babivuga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Devi Bhagavatam |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk08ch15.htm |access-date=2012-03-02 |publisher=Sacred-texts.com |at=Book&nbsp;8, Chapter&nbsp;15}}</ref> Abashakashatsi benshi bagaragaza umusozi wa Meru cyangwa Sumeru hamwe na Pamirs, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Kashmir . Suryasiddhanta avuga ko umusozi wa Meru uri hagati ''y'isi'' ("bhuva-madhya") ku butaka bwa Jambunad , <ref>{{Cite web |title=नरपतिजयचर्यास्वरोदय: (संस्कृत एवम् हिन्दी अनुवाद) |trans-title=Narapati Jayacharya Swarodayah |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/m/book/details/narapati-jayacharya-swarodayah-HAA104/ |access-date=2020-05-02 |website=www.exoticindiaart.com}}</ref> inyandiko yo mu kinyejana cya cyenda, ishingiye ahanini ku nyandiko zitashyizwe ahagaragara za Yāmal Tantr, avuga: : " Sumeruḥ Prithvī-madhye shrūyate drishyate na tu" : (Sumeru yunvikana kuba hagati yisi, ariko ntiboneka aho). <ref>cf. second verse of Koorma-chakra in the book Narpatijayacharyā</ref> Inyandiko nyinshi za cosimologiya zisangwa mu myandiko z'abahindu. Muri imwe muri zo, mu isanzure ry'ikirere, umusozi wa Meru nawo wasobanuwe ko uzengurutswe n'umusozi wa Mandrachala mu burasirazuba, umusozi wa Suparshva mu burengerazuba, umusozi wa Kumuda mu majyaruguru na Kailasa mu majyepfo. == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Ikiciro:Imisozi yo muri afurika]] l8jtxg7lhmetps5vovxg0m6h3mvg66o 0 16597 136763 136011 2026-09-14T13:00:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukuraho ubwoya mu mutwe 136763 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barbara Minishi == ni umukinnyi wa firime wumunyakenya, Umuhanzi, umufotozi wimyambarire numuyobozi wubuhanzi ufite insanganyamatsiko yubushakashatsi itwarwa ningendo zimpimbano zingendo zo kwigira, Kamere, Alchemy & Arcana hamwe nubuhanzi bwerekana amashusho yubuhanzi. Nkumuyobozi wubuhanzi yagiye akora kuri firime na videwo yindirimbo, ndetse anakorera Kapringen (A Hijacking), film yerekana Danemarke kuva 2003. Muri Kenya, ari mu bafotozi babigize umwuga bubahwa cyane. Amafoto ya Minishi yagaragaye mu gitabo 9 Abafotora bo muri Kenya cyasohowe ku bufatanye n’ingoro ndangamurage za Kenya. == Ubuzima bwamuranze == Barbara Minishi, ukomoka i Nairobi, muri Kenya, yarangije mu 2003 afite impamyabumenyi ya BA mu itumanaho. Umwuga we wo gufotora wabigize umwuga watangiye ubwo yamenyaga amashusho yumutima yatanzwe muri we. Minishi agira ati: "Gufotora nuburyo natangiye ubushakashatsi bwanjye bwo guhanga kandi hari ukuntu umuntu yavuga ko kamera yabaye igikoresho cyanjye cyo gushyira ahagaragara, gushushanya, no gukina nanditseho indangamuntu. Byari 'ijwi ryanjye' kandi uburyo bwo kuba ibyo yaremye 'ibyabaye' aho nashoboraga kwishora hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko nka stereotypes nubwoko, ubutaka nubwenegihugu, imvugo yerekana amarangamutima, imbaraga zumujyi nubwiza. Nubwo 'intsinzi' yubucuruzi natangiye kwibaza uruhare rwanjye nkumunyarwandakazi Visual Communicator n’ukuntu icyerekezo cyanjye, icyerekezo n'umubiri wanjye byakazi byahinduka biva mubikorwa bikomeye byo gushakisha no gushishikaza byitabiriwe nabateze amatwi ndetse binatanga umwanya wo kubigiramo uruhare no kwishora hamwe abumviriza. Imyitozo yanjye yagiye ihindagurika kandi hamwe nayo ibikoresho naremye hamwe, ubu birimo Filime, Imbyino, Irangi ryingufu, Inzozi hamwe nijwi rya Intuitive Ijwi +. Ubu nsanze ndi ahantu hafunguye, nishora hamwe no guhora uhinduranya ibiganiro byerekanwe kumashusho, inkuru zubushakashatsi bwubumenyi bukubiyemo, ubumana bwumugore nibibazo byo gutekereza. Hariho imikoranire n’imigambi ihishe ndetse n’ubufatanye n’imvugo igenda ihinduka hiyongereyeho ubufatanye bwo guhanga hamwe n’imiterere mishya, umuco n'ibitekerezo. " Ibikorwa bye bikomeje gutera imbere kandi kuri ubu arimo gukora ibijyanye no kwandika no kuyobora filime ye yerekana ndetse nindi mishinga nka firime ngufi zigerageza, amashusho yimyambarire, documentaire zashinzwe, Amashusho, hamwe no Kwandika. == Ibihembo yatsindiye == Minishi yatsindiye Umuyobozi w’ubuhanzi mwiza kubera ibikorwa yakoze muri filime Nairobi Half Life muri 2014 muri 2014 Magic Magic Viewer Choice Awards muri Werurwe 2014. 6djytdvqzjto6v93tlya5mjtkav5m40 0 16692 137137 135543 2026-09-14T15:09:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 137137 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tanganyika.jpg|right|thumb| Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika, kimwe mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo|282x282px]] [[Dosiye:Bujumbura, night traffic.jpg|thumb|Umugi wa bujumbura umurwa mukuru w uburundi mugihe cya nijoro ]] [[Dosiye:Burundi National Museum at Gitega - Flickr - Dave Proffer.jpg|thumb|Inzu ndangamurage y'uburundi iherereye i gitega|278x278px]] [[Dosiye:Les divers herbes du Parc National de la kibira.jpg|thumb|Parike ya Kibira|280x280px]] [[Dosiye:UNIVERSITE DU BURUNDI 03.jpg|thumb|'''UNIVERSITE DU BURUNDI 03''']] '''Ubukerarugendo mu Burundi''' bushingira ku mujyi wa [[Bujumbura]], ukaba ari nawo mujyi munini kandi wahoze ari [[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Uburundi]],ukurura bamukerarugendo mu igihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Travel and Tourism |url=http://www.burundiembassy-usa.org/tourism.html |access-date=2008-06-12 |publisher=Burundi Embassy |archive-date=2025-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507185414/http://www.burundiembassy-usa.org/tourism.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Usibye ibi, ikiyaga cya Tanganyika nacyo kizwi mugukurura ba mukerarugendo. <ref name="nationsencyclopedia">{{Cite web |title=Burundi |url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Burundi-TOURISM-TRAVEL-AND-RECREATION.html |access-date=2008-06-12 |publisher=nationsencyclopedia.com}}</ref> == Inganda == Uburundi bufite umutungo kamere ndetse n’ibinyabuzima, ariko inganda z’ubukerarugendo z’Uburundi ntabwo ziteye imbere. Ubukerarugendo bufite umugabane muto mu bicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu (GDP). <ref name="euromonitor1">{{Cite web |title=Travel and Tourism in Burundi |url=http://www.euromonitor.com/travel-and-tourism-in-burundi/report |access-date=2016-01-10 |publisher=Euromonitor.com |archive-date=2018-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313235127/http://www.euromonitor.com/travel-and-tourism-in-burundi/report |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umusanzu utaziguye w’ingendo ndetse n’ubukerarugendo mu bicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu wari 2,1% muri 2013 na 2% muri 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Travel and Tourism-Economic Impact 2014-Burundipact 201 |url=http://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/country%20reports/burundi2014.pdf |access-date=9 January 2016 |publisher=World Travel and Tourism Council |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124656/http://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dukurikije imibare ya Banki y'Isi, umubare wa ba mukerarugendo mpuzamahanga wiyongereye mu myaka ya za 2000. Mu mwaka wa 2000, ba mukerarugendo mpuzamahanga bagera ku 29,000 basuye u Burundi, umubare wariyongereye ugera ku 148,000 mu mwaka wa 2005. Umubare wa ba mukerarugendo wageze ku 214,000 mu mwaka wa 2006; kugeza mu mwaka wa 2010, ba mukerarugendo 142,000 gusa ni bo bari basuye igihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Data |title=International tourism, number of arrivals &#124; Data &#124; Table |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL?page=1 |access-date=2016-01-10 |publisher=Data.worldbank.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burundi - International tourism |url=http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/burundi/international-tourism |access-date=2016-01-10 |publisher=Indexmundi.com}}</ref> Mu gihe urwego rw’ubukerarugendo ari ruto ariko rugenda rwiyongera, imidugararo ikomeje kwangiza ubukerarugendo mu gihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jessica Hatcher in Bujumbura |title=Burundi in economic turmoil as unrest triggers fourfold increase in bad debt &#124; Global development |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/dec/11/burundi-economic-turmoil-unrest-fourfold-increase-bad-debt |access-date=2016-01-10 |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-02 |title=FlyDubai ditches Bujumbura |url=http://www.eturbonews.com/67235/flydubai-ditches-bujumbura |access-date=2016-01-10 |publisher=eTurboNews.com}}</ref> Mu Burundi Ibikorwa remezo by'ubukerarugendo biri hasi cyane. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara no gucumbikira ba mukerarugendo ni ngerere. Mu mwaka wa 2010, guverinoma y’Uburundi yateguye gahunda y’imyaka 20 yo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo ku bufatanye na [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] hagamijwe kunoza ibikorwa remezo by’ubukerarugendo muri iki gihugu. Inkunga kandi nanone zituruka mu bindi bihugu na mashyirahamwe. <ref name="euromonitor1"/> == Inama == Mbere yo gusura u Burundi hakenerwa icyemezo cyerekana ko wakingiwe irwara yo mubwoko bw'ibicurane yiswe yellow fever . Malariya ni icyorezo mu Burundi, mu gihe kandi urukingo rwa kolera narwo rushobora gukenerwa igihe usuye u Burundi. <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |date=2015-03-01 |title=Burundi travel advice |url=https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/burundi/entry-requirements |access-date=2016-01-10 |publisher=GOV.UK}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burundi Tourism |url=http://www.burundiembassy-usa.org/tourism.html |access-date=2016-01-10 |publisher=Burundiembassy-usa.org |archive-date=2025-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507185414/http://www.burundiembassy-usa.org/tourism.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibikurura == Ubukerarugendo bw'ibidukikije kamere ni bumwe mu bice by’ubukerarugendo mu Burundi. Pariki ya Kibira, Umugezi [[Umugezi wa Rurubu|wa Rurubu]] n'ikiyaga cya Tanganyika bifatwa nk'ahantu nyaburanga ku nyamaswa. Hariho kandi ibiyaga byinshi by'inyoni zo mu gasozi, nk'ikiyaga nyaburanga cya Rwihinda. <ref name="euromonitor1"/> [[Dosiye:Vases traditionnelles burundaises.jpg|thumb|364x364px|ibiseke byo muburundi]] Abarundi bavuza ingoma, bazwi ku izina rya ''Abatimbo'', ni bamwe mu bakurura ubukerarugendo bw<nowiki>'umuco. Ingoma z'imbaho ziri mu muco wa kera w'Uburundi. Amajwi yabo azwi nkamajwi ya ''kera" ndetse "yera" yo mu Burundi kandi akaba ikimenyetso cy’ubumwe. Mu mwaka wa 2014, imbyino y’ingoma y’Abarundi yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’umurage ndangamuco w'</nowiki>Umuryango w’abibumbye ushinzwe uburezi, ubumenyi ndetse n’umuco uzwi nka UNESCO . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ritual dance of the royal drum |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ritual-dance-of-the-royal-drum-00989 |access-date=16 June 2020 |website=ich.unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> Muri mwaka wa 2017, Perezida [[Petero Nkurunziza|Pierre Nkurunziza]] yongeye kubyutsa imihango yo kuvuza ingoma mu birori ndetse abuza n'abagore kuvuza ingoma. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200616145104/https://www.africanews.com/2017/11/03/women-banned-from-beating-burundi-s-sacred-traditional-drums/</ref> Nta murage w’isi uzwi n'Umuryango w’abibumbye ushinzwe uburezi, ubumenyi ndetse n’umuco uzwi nka UNESCO mu Burundi ariko hari ibibanza 10 biri ku rutonde rw’agateganyo rw'Umuryango w’abibumbye ushinzwe uburezi, ubumenyi ndetse n’umuco uzwi kuzina rya UNESCO. Izi mbuga 10 zirimo Gishora, Mugamba, Muramvya, Gasumo (isoko y’amajyepfo ya [[Nili]]), Ikibaya Kamere cya Rwihinda, [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]], [[Pariki ya Rusizi|Parike y’igihugu ya Rusizi]], Parike y’igihugu ya Kibira, Parike y’igihugu ya Ruvubu n’isumo rya Kagera . <ref>{{Cite web |last=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |date=1982-05-19 |title=Burundi - UNESCO World Heritage Centre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/bi/ |access-date=2016-01-10 |publisher=Whc.unesco.org}}</ref> == Ikarita == [[Dosiye:STS51G-034-0012 Lake Tanganyika June1985.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika kiva kushusho yo mu kirere muri Kamena 1985|293x293px]] [[Dosiye:Gitega Church.JPG|thumb|Urusengero rwa Gitega|288x288px]] [[Dosiye:Rusizi NP hippopotamus.jpg|thumb|Imvubu muri Rusizi nyaburanga|259x259px]] [[Dosiye:Beach in Bujumbura.jpg|thumb|Inyanja i Bujumbura mu majyaruguru y'ikiyaga cya Tanganyika|292x292px]] [[Dosiye:Hippos in Burundi.png|thumb|Imvubu zo mu gasozi muri parike ya Kibira]] == Reba kandi == * Politiki ya Visa yo mu Burundi == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.burundi-tourism.com/ Urubuga rwemewe rwubukerarugendo bwu Burundi] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu]] beytmtpgo767ccwedsafblghard7zia 0 16782 137134 114821 2026-09-14T13:41:56Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 137134 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sibongile Mazibuko in Johannesburg, 2010.jpg|thumb|sibongile sambo]] '''Sibongile Sambo''' (yavutse 1974 i Bushbuckridge) ni umuyobozi w'indege zo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160219183350/http://businessdayonline.com/2015/08/sibongile-sambo-first-black-female-pioneering-complete-professional-personalised-global-flight-options/</ref>. Yashinze SRS Aviation. Sambo yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa "Abakobwa 20 b'ingufu muri [[Afurika]] 2013"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theafricablog.com/work/top-10-african-entrepreneurs/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-07 |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607111334/https://theafricablog.com/work/top-10-african-entrepreneurs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima == Yarangije muri kaminuza ya Zululand.<ref>https://www.citizen.co.za/travel/</ref> Sambo ntabwo yashoboye kuba umukozi windege hamwe na South African Airways. Mu 2004, yatsindiye amasezerano ya guverinoma y'Afurika y'Epfo.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/sibongile-sambo-srs-aviation-feat/index.html</ref>Yashinze SRS Aviation, itanga serivisi zo gukodesha indege na kajugujugu, amasezerano y’imizigo yo mu kirere, kohereza ba mukerarugendo, umutekano w’ikirere rusange, kwimura abaganga n’izindi serivisi za aero. SRS Aviation n’isosiyete ya mbere y’abirabura y’abirabura ifite indege muri Afurika yepfo. Muri Gashyantare 2020, Sambo yatanze ubuhamya imbere ya komisiyo ishinzwe iperereza ya Zondo ku ifatwa rya leta i Parktown, Johannesburg, mu rwego rwo gukora iperereza ku micungire y’indege za [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo.]] == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima bwumuturage]] [[Ikiciro:Imibereho myiza]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] sb0rcqge0mawgxjvck8h0w40lrv0gul 0 16785 136981 133866 2026-09-14T13:10:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136981 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bank of Skotia.jpg|thumb|AB Bank]] [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 107 - A list of businesses on a wall in a building - Kigali.jpg|thumb|ab bank]] '''AB Bank Rwanda''' (ABR), ni banki ifite imari iciriritse mu [[Rwanda]] . Ni banki imwe muri banki zemewe muri Repubulika y'u Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=List of Licensed Banks In Rwanda |url=http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=317 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712183101/http://bnr.rw/index.php?id=317 |archive-date=12 July 2014 |access-date=3 August 2014 |publisher=[[National Bank of Rwanda]]}}</ref> == Incamake == ABR ni banki iciriritse yo mu Rwanda, ifitwe n’ibigo mpuzamahanga, yashinzwe mu 2013. Ifitanye isano, kandi ni ishami rya Access Holding, ishoramari rito ry’ubucuruzi n’imishinga iciriritse ikorera mu [[Ubudage|Budage]], ifite amashami muri [[Azeribayijani|Azaribayijan]], [[Madagasikari]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Nijeriya]], [[Liberiya]], [[Tajikisitani|Tajikistan]], [[Zambiya]] n'u [[Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview of Access Microfinance Holding AG (AccessHolding) |url=http://www.accessholding.com/About_Us/ |access-date=3 August 2014 |publisher=[[AccessHolding]] (AMFHAG) |archive-date=21 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821132349/http://accessholding.com/About_Us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:AB_Bank_Zambia.jpg|thumb|AB Bank ya Zambia]] == Amateka == Banki yahawe uruhushya rwa banki na [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda]], akaba ari umugenzuzi w’amabanki mu gihugu, muri 2013 itangira serivisi z’amabanki y’ubucuruzi muri uwo mwaka. Muri Kamena 2014, AB Banki y'u Rwanda yagumanye konti zo kubitsa zirenga 4000 hamwe na konti zirenga 1.300. [[Igitabo]] cy'inguzanyo cyarenze RWF: miliyari 1 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (miliyoni 1.5 z'amadolari y'Amerika). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gasore |first=Ben |date=13 June 2014 |title=AB Bank Rwanda Loan Book Hits RWF:1 Billion |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15752&a=77534 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810101613/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15752&a=77534 |archive-date=2014-08-10 |access-date=3 August 2014 |publisher=[[The New Times (Rwanda)]]}}</ref> == Nyirubwite (Ownership) == Umugabane wa banki ufite abikorera ku giti cyabo. As of December 2013, imigabane muri banki nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira: <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=AB Bank Rwanda: Shareholders |url=http://www.abbank.rw/shareholders.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810030212/http://www.abbank.rw/shareholders.html |archive-date=10 August 2014 |access-date=3 August 2014 |publisher=AB Bank Rwanda}}</ref> {| style="font-size:100%;" | align="center" width="100%" |'''AB Banki yu Rwanda''' |- valign="top" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" ! style="width:2em;" | Urutonde ! Izina rya nyirubwite ! Ijanisha nyirizina |- | 1 | Kwinjira | 67.9 |- | 2 | Banki ishinzwe iterambere ry’Ubudage (KfW) | 17.1 |- | 3 | Isosiyete mpuzamahanga ishinzwe imari (IFC) <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2014 |title=Rwanda: IFC, Access Bank Rwanda Sign $300,000 Pact To Support Rural SMES |url=http://www.microfinancenigeria.com/other-news/rwanda-ifc-access-bank-rwanda-sign-300000-pact-to-support-rural-smes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811183229/http://www.microfinancenigeria.com/other-news/rwanda-ifc-access-bank-rwanda-sign-300000-pact-to-support-rural-smes/ |archive-date=11 August 2014 |access-date=3 August 2014 |publisher=MicroFinanceNigeria.Com}}</ref> | 15 |- | | '''Igiteranyo''' | '''100.00''' |- |} |- |} == Umuyoboro w'ishami == Kugeza muri Werurwe 2019, banki ifite amashami atandatu hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bitandatu by’inguzanyo mu gihugu hose. # Ishami rya Nyamirambo - [[Nyamirambo]], Kigali # Ishami rya Nyarugenge - Nyarugenge, [[Kigali]] - '''Ishami rikuru''' # Ishami rya Gisozi - [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]], Kigali # Ishami rya Kimironko - [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Kimironko]], Kigali # Ishami rya Nyabugogo - [[Nyabugogo]], Kigali # Ishami rya Musanze - Musanze # Muhanga Inguzanyo - Muhanga # Rwamagana Inguzanyo - [[Rwamagana]] # Kabarondo Inguzanyo - Kabarondo # Huye Inguzanyo - [[Butare|Huye]] # [[Gicumbi Ibiti ibihumbi 12 byatewe mu gukumira isuri n’inkangu|Gicumb]]<nowiki/>i Inguzanyo - [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]] # [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]] Inguzanyo - Nyagatare # Rubavu Inguzanyo - [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]] # Rusizi Inguzanyo - Kamembe # [[Nyamata]] Inguzanyo - [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] # Nyanza Inguzanyo - Nyanza # Ruhango Inguzanyo - Ruhango == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa banki mu Rwanda * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.abbank.rw/ Urubuga rwa AB Bank Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180201194700/http://www.bnr.rw/ Urubuga rwa Banki nkuru yigihugu yu Rwanda] [[Ikiciro:Banki]] [[Ikiciro:Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] 7t3oricixt4n2lark6z428yq8zj34cm 0 16900 136827 118619 2026-09-14T13:06:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136827 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nkechi Agwu DSC4143 (1).jpg|thumb|nkechi harry|416x416px]] Nkechi Harry Ngonadi numugore wibice byinshi numuyobozi winganda watsinze - rwiyemezamirimo, umuvugizi ushishikaza, umuderi, numuyobozi mukuru wa NHN Couture. Yatangiye bwa mbere kandi yitabwaho cyane mu bucuruzi bw'imyambarire n'ijambo rye - Kugarura ikinyabupfura kuri Fashion, hamwe n'ikirango cye NHN Couture.<ref name=":0">https://www.nhnthewarroom.com/nkechi_harry_ngonadi</ref> == Ubuzima bwa mbere == Dr. Nkechi Harry Ngonadi yavutse ku ya 18 Ugushyingo 1975, akurira mu mujyi wa kera kandi mwiza wa Zaria muri Leta ya Kaduna, ari naho yabaga ubuzima bwe bwose. Yize muri kaminuza izwi cyane ya Ahmadu Bello, aho yize igenamigambi ry’imijyi n’akarere none, uyu munsi yashakanye n’abasirikare bakuru - Rear Admiral Harry Ngonadi. Ubukwe buhiriwe nabana babiri batangaje.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africaprime.com/African-Celebrities/nkechi-harry-ngonadi-nigeria/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-10 |archive-date=2023-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610165024/https://africaprime.com/African-Celebrities/nkechi-harry-ngonadi-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://thewilldowntown.com/the-tales-of-an-enterprising-housewife-dr-nkechi-harry-ngonadi/</ref> == Umwitozo == Dr. Nkechi Harry Ngonadi ni rwiyemezamirimo, umuvugizi wemewe, umujyanama w’ubukwe wemewe, umuyobozi w’ubwami akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru w’imyambarire - NHN Couture.<ref>https://thewilldowntown.com/the-tales-of-an-enterprising-housewife-dr-nkechi-harry-ngonadi/</ref><ref>https://www.amazon.com/Abundant-Me-Princess-Heirsmac-ebook/dp/B073TBC335</ref> NHN Couture ni ikirango kidasanzwe kandi kidasanzwe gishyigikira cyane imyambarire idakwiye mu nganda zerekana imideli. Ibitabo byinshi byayoboye byashimye Dr. Nkechi Harry Ngonadi kuba yarahinduye inkuru; iki gikorwa cyubutwari nticyabonye gusa ikirango cya NHN kizamuka hejuru ahubwo cyanakemuye itandukaniro riri hagati yimyambarire no kwizera kwa gikristo. Muri Werurwe 2019, Dr. Nkechi Harry-Ngonadi yarangije amasomo ajyanye no KUGARAGAZA MU RUHAME RW'IMVUGO N'UBUHANZI BUKURIKIRA MU MASHURI MPUZAMAHANGA YO GUSHYIKIRANA DUBAI. Ukuboza 2019, yahawe igihembo cyumuganga wicyubahiro wa PHILOSOPHI MU BUYOBOZI BWA STYLE NA FASHION na UNIVERSITY ESCAE-BENIN. MUTARAMA 2023, YUZUYE ABAGORE MU MASOMO YEMEZO MU BUYOBOZI MU ISHURI RYA YALE UNIVERSITY RY'UBUYOBOZI.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lucipost.com/2019/06/fashion-entrepreneur-nkechi-harry-ngonadi-celebrates-her-12th-wedding-anniversary-with-very-interesting-story/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-10 |archive-date=2023-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610165024/https://www.lucipost.com/2019/06/fashion-entrepreneur-nkechi-harry-ngonadi-celebrates-her-12th-wedding-anniversary-with-very-interesting-story/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] gjvh7t003rrhiwm3z6vv7smxea70kb0 0 17138 136795 133329 2026-09-14T13:05:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136795 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Harmony Umwali.jpg|thumb|umwali angelique]] Umwali Angelique ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umugore, ndetse ni umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubukungu mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/hamuristwe-ikarita-igaragaza-ahari-kariyeri-hose |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-18 |archive-date=2023-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618143404/https://www.isangostar.rw/hamuristwe-ikarita-igaragaza-ahari-kariyeri-hose |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/bugesera-basubijeho-komite-nyobozi-yari-isanzweho-kuko-bakiyifitiye-icyizere</ref>, akaba amaze manda ebyiri ayobora Akarere .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/06/apostle-dr-paul-gitwaza-yohereje-ubutumwa-vice-mayor-wa-bugesera-arahanura-ibyaranze-igiterane-cya-zion-temple-ntarama-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-date=2023-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810225239/https://umuseke.rw/2023/06/apostle-dr-paul-gitwaza-yohereje-ubutumwa-vice-mayor-wa-bugesera-arahanura-ibyaranze-igiterane-cya-zion-temple-ntarama-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/hamuristwe-ikarita-igaragaza-ahari-kariyeri-hose |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-18 |archive-date=2023-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618143404/https://www.isangostar.rw/hamuristwe-ikarita-igaragaza-ahari-kariyeri-hose |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/bugesera-basubijeho-komite-nyobozi-yari-isanzweho-kuko-bakiyifitiye-icyizere</ref> [[Dosiye:Bugesera district map.jpg|center|thumb|Akarere ka Bugesera, aho Angelique ari umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe iterambere n'ubukungu]] == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Imibereho myiza]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima Bwiza]] e6z9vn7tlsue588a2plm8kvsvrn9zw1 0 17343 136982 133308 2026-09-14T13:10:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136982 wikitext text/x-wiki == Uwase Rachel == Uwase Rachel ni umunyarwandakazi ukora umwuga w'itangazamakuru mu [[Rwanda]] akaba akora kuri IZUBA TV ndetse akaba yaramenyekanye cyane mu kiganiro gica ku Izuba TV bita APR SUN TIME kibanda ku makuru yihariye ku ikipe ya APR.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/article/ntibagoheka-mu-guhihibikanira-iterambere-ryayo-abanyamakurukazi-bari-muri</ref> == Umwihariko == Uwase Rachel ni umwe mubakiri bake bakora umwuga w'itangazamakuru rya Siporo mu [[Rwanda]] mu gihe byari bimenyerewe ko uyu mwuga ubusanzwe ari uw'abagabo gusa. == Amashakiro; == dq7wt73kzrsn6einhfbokg13noe8gdw 0 17389 136914 110112 2026-09-14T13:08:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136914 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kigali Bus Servise == [[Dosiye:A huge bus in Nyabugogo.jpg|thumb|IImodoka zo mubwoko bwa KBS]] [[Dosiye:Buses at Kigali City Bus Park.jpg|thumb]] Kigali Bus Service cyangwa se KBS ni isosiyete ikorera mu [[Rwanda]] ishinzwe gutwara abantu nibintu <ref>https://www.infotoask.com/web?q=bus+transport+service+near+me&o=1672495&cid=20242709902&agid=152753926991&utm_source=google&gclid=Cj0KCQjw_5unBhCMARIsACZyzS2my7hA7obONk4ngg0Uc2NBBy2yebLGMZsXYIu_nS6ps7rkpUqRC1saAnHVEALw_wcB&qo=semQuery&ag=fw10&tt=rmd&ad=semA&akid=ita-20242709902-152753926991&an=google_s</ref> KBS yatangiye kumugaragaro mu Rwanda [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mumujyi wa Kigali]] mu mwaka wa 2009 aho yatangiye<ref>https://www.glassdoor.com/Overview/Working-at-Kigali-Bus-Services-EI_IE1263410.11,30.htm</ref> ifite ama Bus mato.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/5384/news/rwanda/govt-to-procure-300-buses-to-ease-public-transport-in-kigali</ref> [[Dosiye:Imodoka.jpg|thumb|KBS]] == KBS kugeza ubu == Kigali Bus Servise kugeza ubu ni imwe muri sosiyete zifite bus nyinshi mu [[Rwanda]] kandi nini zitwara abanttu benshi icyarimwe <ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=kigali+bus+service&sca_esv=559959589&rlz=1C1RLNS_enRW1031RW1031&sxsrf=AB5stBji7nQNlGnYLmdKlA3gsM0H1xGdpQ:1692938855485&ei=ZzLoZKqeHaCakdUP8qGp4A8&start=10&sa=N&ved=2ahUKEwjq7e3YgPeAAxUgTaQEHfJQCvwQ8tMDegQIBRAE&biw=1707&bih=822&dpr=0.8</ref> == Reba == 59judstxnmv7kogxmqsut69oxt7x6gj 0 17493 137062 101674 2026-09-14T13:12:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137062 wikitext text/x-wiki AMENYO Amenyo yumuntu akora kugirango asenye muburyo bwibiryo ibiryo abikata kandi abijanjagura kugirango yitegure kumira no gusya. Nkibyo, bifatwa nkibice bigize sisitemu yumubiri<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://totalhealthmagazine.com/Dental-Health/How-Your-Teeth-Affect-Your-Digestive-System.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-12-18 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218141334/https://totalhealthmagazine.com/Dental-Health/How-Your-Teeth-Affect-Your-Digestive-System.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imiterere yamenyo == Nubwo amoko menshi atandukanye afite [[amenyo]], iterambere ryayo ahanini ni kimwe nabantu. Kugirango [[amenyo]] yabantu agire ibidukikije byiza byo munwa, enamel, dentin, sima, na parontontium bigomba gukura mugihe gikwiye cyo gukura. Amenyo y'ibanze atangira kwibumbira mu mikurire y'urusoro hagati y'icyumweru cya gatandatu n'icya munani, kandi amenyo ahoraho atangira kuboneka muri wee ya makumyabiri.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_tooth#CITEREFCate1998</ref> == gufata neza [[Amenyo]] == Isuku yo mu kanwa ni imyitozo yo kugira isuku mu kanwa kandi ni uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara z’amenyo, gingivite, indwara zifata igihe, guhumeka nabi, n’izindi ndwara z’amenyo. Igizwe nubwitonzi bwumwuga nu muntu ku giti cye. Isuku isanzwe, mubisanzwe ikorwa nabashinzwe amenyo nabafite isuku y amenyo, ikureho tartar (plaque minerval) ishobora gutera imbere hamwe no gukaraba neza no gukaraba neza. Isuku yabigize umwuga ikubiyemo gupima amenyo, ukoresheje ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho bitandukanye kugirango uhoshe kandi ukure ibyabitswe mumenyo.<ref>https://medicinehealth.leeds.ac.ukdentistryoroface/PAGES/micro/micro2.html</ref> amashakiro 4mhnjm7s61yoph7oimuvwehwx0raoyj 0 17511 136796 105806 2026-09-14T13:05:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ibindibikenerwa. 1.<small>kuba urimuto Kandi ufite amashuri byibuze kuva kumashuri atandatu yisumbuye</small>''' 2.kuba utarengeje imyaka 25 yamavuko 3.kuba ufite ubwene gihugu bwubunyarwanda == Amateka == Ishuri rya polisi rya Gishari ni rimwe mu mashuri ya polisi mu [[Rwanda]], aho ryatangiye mumwaka wa 2000, iri shuri rikuru rya polisi riherereye mu ntara y' ibirasirazuba ,akarere ka [[Rwamagana Solar Power Station|Rwamagana]], umurenge wa Gishari, akagali Bwinsanga mu mudugudu wa Shaburondo. iri shuri ritoza abapolisi muburyo bune bwingenzi aribwo:abapolisi bato ndetsen'abakuru. <ref>[https://police.gov.rw/home/police-schools/police-training-school-gishari/ https://police.gov.rw/home/police-schools/police-training-school-gishari/https://police.gov.rw/home/police-schools/police-training-school-gishari/]</ref> === Inyandiko zifashishijwe: === [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] 8kt32mlz17614ij3idgqptrr8h5a5i2 0 17595 136983 118696 2026-09-14T13:10:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi ritanga serivisi z’abafite ubumuga (mu [[Icyongereza]]: European Association of Service Providers for Persons with Disabilities (EASPD)''' n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta udaharanira inyungu mu rwego rw’abafite ubumuga, uteza imbere ibitekerezo by’imibereho 17,000 n’amashyirahamwe yabo. <ref name=":0">https://easpd.eu/about-us/our-story/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://d-wisenetwork.eu/en/partners |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-18 |archive-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118074949/https://d-wisenetwork.eu/en/partners |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.edf-feph.org/our-members/european-association-of-service-providers-for-persons-with-disabilities/</ref><ref>https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/how-to-participate/org-details/996312221</ref><ref>http://digi-ready.eu/consortium_easpd</ref><ref>https://www.devex.com/organizations/european-association-of-service-providers-for-persons-with-disabilities-easpd-77944</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Association_of_Service_Providers_for_Persons_with_Disabilities</ref><ref>https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/our-work/partners/european-association-service-providers-persons-disabilities</ref> == Intego == Intego nyamukuru ya EASPD ni uguteza imbere amahirwe angana kubantu bafite ubumuga binyuze muri sisitemu nziza kandi nziza. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga Itangwa rya serivise nziza-nziza, hamwe n’abakoresha-bishingiye kuri serivisi ikora muburyo bunoze, bunoze kandi bunoze Imikorere myiza nuburyo bwiza bwo kwiga kubakozi bakoreshwa muri serivisi. == Amateka == Ibintu byose byatangiye muri 1994 nurugendo rwumuhanda. Ibirometero 2500, umunsi wose nijoro ryose uva mu majyaruguru y’Uburayi ugana muri Porutugali kugira ngo witabe inama ivuga ku kuva mu burezi ujya ku kazi ku bafite ubumuga. Urwego rwa serivisi zita ku nkunga ntirwari rwubatswe icyo gihe ku rwego rw’Uburayi, kandi ubufatanye hagati y’abatanga serivisi mu Burayi ntabwo bwari bwaratejwe imbere uko bushoboye. Umurenge wacu ukeneye intego n'intego byariyongereye kandi byari bishingiye kuri uku gusobanukirwa ko intumwa zinyuranye zatangiye kuvuga kubyerekeye gushiraho urubuga rwiburayi, nyuma yo gukira gusa mumasaha 30! Mu 1995, nyuma y’inama itoroshye n’umuyobozi uhagarariye Komisiyo y’Uburayi, umunyamabanga mukuru wacu ushize Luk Zelderloo yabajije uwo muyobozi impamvu byari bigoye kuri bo kumva icyo abatanga serivisi bashaka. Bamubwiye ngo "tegura kandi ugaruke"! Nyuma yimyaka 10 akora cyane, EASPD yafunguye ibiro mumutima wa Bruxelles muri 2005 maze iba umunyamwuga rwose! Twakiriye abanyamuryango baturutse mu bihugu 47 bigize Umuryango w’uburayi n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.<ref name=":0" /> == Icyerekezo == Twizera ko serivisi zunganira zigira uruhare runini mu gufasha abantu kubona uburenganzira bwabo bwa muntu ku buryo bungana, burenze ubumuga cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Nukuri iyi myizerere niyo iyobora imirimo yacu i [[Buruseli]], Strasbourg no [[Burayi|muburayi]] bwose. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Umuryango w’Abibumye]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] nqw8k6jem4z2f10jq329zu17nr3kpp4 0 17650 137097 103609 2026-09-14T13:17:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137097 wikitext text/x-wiki ==   Sosiyete ikora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi == '''Cadence Biomedical''' ni sosiyete ikora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi itanga ibicuruzwa bya orthotic kugirango bifashe abantu bafite ubumuga bukomeye bwo kugenda. Ni <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cadence Biomedical Launches Kickstart Kinetic Orthosis |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120919005955/en/Cadence-Biomedical-Launches-Kickstart-Kinetic-Orthosis |access-date=13 January 2013 |publisher=Business Wire}}</ref> Isosiyete iherereye i Seattle, Washington kandi yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2007 ku izina rya Empowering Engineering Technologies. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=John |title=Cadence Biomedical scores $1.1 million to help people with disabilities walk |url=http://www.geekwire.com/2012/cadence-biomedical-scores-11m-people-disabilities-walk/ |access-date=13 January 2013 |publisher=Geekwire}}</ref> == Ibicuruzwa == Muri Kanama mu mwaka 2012, Cadence Biomedical yasohoye ibicuruzwa byayo byambere, Kickstart Walking System . Kickstart nigikoresho gishobora kwambarwa, cyangwa orthose, iha abakoresha ituze nubushobozi bwo kugenda wigenga.Ni Igikoresho kigamije kunoza umuvuduko kubantu bagira mubwonko, cyangwa kubantu bafite ibikomere by'ubwonko nko guhungabana k'umugongo, gukomereka cg guhungabana k'ubwonko, sclerose nyinshi cyangwa dystrofi y'imitsi . Yashizweho kugira ngo itange ubufasha bwo kugenda no gutuza kubantu bafite ikibazo cyo kugenda, cyane cyane iyo bafite ikibazo cyo kuzamura ivi, gufata amano mugihe uteye intambwe, kubura kwihangana, cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye no guhuza, kuringaniza, cyangwa gutuza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quick |first=Darren |title=Kickstart mechanical orthosis puts a spring in your step, no batteries required |url=http://www.gizmag.com/kickstart-kinetic-walk-assist/24255/ |access-date=10 January 2013 |publisher=Gizmag}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ostrovsky |first=Gene |title=Kickstart Orthosis Assists in Walking Using Elegant Unpowered Mechanics (videos) |url=http://www.medgadget.com/2012/09/kickstart-orthosis-assists-in-walking-using-elegant-unpowered-mechanics.html |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=Med Gadget |archive-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020053044/https://www.medgadget.com/2012/09/kickstart-orthosis-assists-in-walking-using-elegant-unpowered-mechanics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cadence Biomedical Launches Kickstart Kinetic Orthosis |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120919005955/en/Cadence-Biomedical-Launches-Kickstart-Kinetic-Orthosis |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=Business Wire}}</ref> Icyogikoresho ntigikoresha imbaraga zo hanze cyangwa bateri kugira ngo gitange ubufasha, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quick |first=Darren |date=24 September 2012 |title=Kickstart mechanical orthosis puts a spring in your step, no batteries required |url=http://www.gizmag.com/kickstart-kinetic-walk-assist/24255/}}/</ref> ariko gikora kimwe na robot exoskeletons kuko ifasha gutera amaguru imbere kandi ikongerera imbaraga zihari. Ibicuruzwa byasohotse mu mwaka wa 2012 kandi biboneka binyuze muri orthotiste muri Amerika. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == ho4ji6g1jq1mgouamvkgj2l57mubiay 0 17660 137098 129885 2026-09-14T13:17:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137098 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amapikipiki yababana n'ubumuga == [[Dosiye:Rainbow_h.jpg|right|thumb| Akagare kabafite ubumuga bakoresha Intoki hamwe nu mwanya wo hejuru kandi uhagaze neza|335x335px]] [[Dosiye:Varna_handbike.jpg|right|thumb| Handcycle hamwe nu mwanya muto kandi wongeyeho umwanya wo kugenda|348x348px]] '''Amapikipiki''' ni ubwoko bw'imodoka y'ubutaka ikoreshwa n'abantu ikoreshwa n'amaboko kuruta amaguru, nko ku igare . Amapikipiki menshi ni nkipikipiki mu buryo bwamapine abiri, hamwe n'inziga ebyiri zinyuma zinyanja hamwe ninziga imwe ikoreshwa imbere. Nubwo mubisanzwe bifite ibiziga bitatu, bizwi kandi nka ''moto'' . == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Rollstuhl_Farfler_1655.jpg|left|thumb| Imodoka ya Farffler yo mu mwaka 1655]] [[Stephan Farffler]] yari umukoresha wa Nuremberg wo mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi wahimbye imodoka ya manumotive mu mwaka 1655 rifatwa nk’igare rya mbere ryikaraga. Bavuga ko yaba yaramugaye <ref>Jane Bidder, ''Inventions We Use to Go Places'' (London: Franklin Watts, 2006, 18)</ref> cyangwa yaciwe . <ref>Clive Richardson, ''Driving, the development and use of horse-drawn vehicles'' (B. T. Batsford, 1985, 136)</ref> Igikoresho cy'ibiziga bitatu bivugwa ko cyabanjirije igare yamapine atatu ni ry'amagare yiki gihe. <ref>"Medical Innovations - Wheelchair," ''Science Reporter, Volume 44'', 2007, 397.</ref> Nyuma udushya twashushanyijeho amapikipiki twaterwaga no gukenera gutanga ubwikorezi ku basirikare bakomeretse mu gihe cy’intambara yo muri Amerika, hanyuma, nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose . Mugihe ubwikorezi bwa Farffler bwagaragaye nko k'Umuntu ukora amasaha, hagati y'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda ibishushanyo mbonera byari gukorwa nabakora inganda z'amagare nka sosiyete ya Singer Cycle ya Coventry . Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose irangiye, amapikipiki y'icyuma akoresha imashini zifite urunigi byabaye byinshi kugira ngo bifashe abasirikari babuze amaguru. Mugihe amapikipiki yagiye yiyongera mubyamamare no kuboneka, ibikenerwa byinshi byabakoresha byatumye bakora amapikipiki mashya ku bishushanyo mbonera. Inganda zinzobere nka Freedom Concepts (ifite ipikipiki ya STRAE Sport yita kubangavu ndetse nabakuze bafite ibikomere by'umugongo ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Strae Sport Handcycle |url=https://freedomconcepts.com/our-products/handcycles/strae-handcycle/ |access-date=30 October 2023 |website=Freedom Concepts Inc |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917185116/https://freedomconcepts.com/our-products/handcycles/strae-handcycle/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> na Theraplay Mobility Cycles (bashushanya inzinguzingo kubana barwaye spina bifida <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theraplay: Cycles for Life |url=https://www.theraplay.co.uk/ |access-date=30 October 2023 |website=Theraplay}}</ref> itsinda ryihariye ry'abamugaye bamugaye. Amapikipiki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yo kwiruka nayo yakozwe kugirango ahuze ibikenewe naba para-cycling . == Ibisobanuro == Inganda nyinshi zashizeho kandi zirekura imbaraga z'intoki zisubirwamo, cyangwa amapikipiki. Amapikipiki ni ibintu bisanzwe kuri HPV bihura kandi bitangiye kugaragara k'umuhanda. Mubisanzwe bakurikiza igishushanyo cya delta hamwe n'iziga ry'imbere ritwarwa n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bya derailleur bikoreshwa n'intoki . Amashanyarazi ya feri mubisanzwe ashyirwa ku maboko asanzwe ashyirwa mu bice, bitandukanye na pedal pedal, ubusanzwe iba 180 ° itarangiye. Ibi bituma uyigenderaho yoroherezwa mu gukoresha umubiri wabo kugira ngo afashe kuzenguruka. Iteraniro ryose hamwe n'inziga y'imbere irahindukira hamwe, bigatuma uyigenderaho ayobora kandi akanyerera icyarimwe.<ref>[[Rory A. Cooper]], Hisaichi Ohnabe, and Douglas A. Hobson, ''An Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering'' Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007, 131</ref> Ibishushanyo bimwe bikoresha ibiziga bibiri byimbere hamwe ninziga imwe yinyuma, mugihe ibindi bikoresha ibishushanyo mbonera. Igare ry'abafite ubumuga ry'ipikipiki ifite igikonjo n'ibikoresho, mugihe igare ry'abamugaye rifite gusunika mu ruziga nyamukuru. <ref name="Paciorek & Jones">{{Cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/disabilitysportr0000paci/page/229 229–244]}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} trdvg4bzuwpff4s5exan3bjxfi1e7kl 0 17663 137099 102905 2026-09-14T13:17:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137099 wikitext text/x-wiki == Igikoresho cyifashishwa mungendo == '''Hobcart''' ni ubwoko [[Mobility aid|bwibikoresho]] byifashishwaga mungendo byakozwe mu mpera za 1960 na Dr. Steven Perry wo muri Albrighton, Shropshire, [[Ubwongereza|mu Bwongereza]] .<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ZsTUH2tuaFQC&pg=PA11</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Muganga Steven yari afite abana babiri bato, bombi bakaba bari barwaye [[:en:Spina_bifida|spina bifida]] . Yatekereje ko amagare y'abafite ubumuga abana bahawe agomba kubatandukanya n’abandi bana bo mu kigero cyabo, bityo atangira gukora igikoresho kigendanwa gisa n’ikarita . Igisubizo cyanyuma cyari hobcart, yakorewe kuri [[:en:Borstal|borstal]] yaho igihe yakozwe bwa mbere. Igitekerezo kwari ukugerageza guha abagororwa bo muri borstal amahirwe yo kwitabira umushinga bashoboraga kubona ko ukora ibyiza. Hobcarts yari ikiri gukorwa mu myaka ya za 1980. == Reba kandi == * [[:en:Invacar|Invacar]] * [[:en:Mobility_scooter|Ikinyabiziga kigendanwa]] * [[:en:Toy_wagon|Igikinisho]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * https://books.google.rw/books?id=dLD0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false * https://web.archive.org/web/20140814122211/http://www.macearchive.org/Archive/Title/atv-today-06121971-hand-operated-hobcarts/MediaEntry/16728.html [[Ikiciro:Gutwara abantu n’ibintu]] [[Ikiciro:Gutwara imidoka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] n349eunchxo7wl76lqjd29r8rlczb1k 0 17672 136828 135561 2026-09-14T13:06:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136828 wikitext text/x-wiki == Inkoni ikoreshwa nabafite ubumuga == [[Dosiye:Me_on_crutches.jpg|alt=|thumb| Umukobwa ukoresha imbago]] [[Dosiye:Walking_away.jpg|alt=Man using forearm crutches|thumb| Umugabo ukoresha inkoni z'amaboko (Imbago]] [[Dosiye:Doctor assisting foot injured boy to walk with crutches.jpg|thumb|Crutch]] [[Dosiye:Disabled woman riding a bicycle path in an electric wheelchair, Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Saint Anthony Street, 2020.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:M0354 1951-45-061 2.jpg|thumb|cruthes]] '''crutch''' cyangwa '''Inkoni''' ni [[mobility aid]] ihererekanya uburemere kuva ku maguru kugeza ku mubiri wo hejuru. Bikunze gukoreshwa n'abantu badashobora gukoresha amaguru kugirango bashyigikire ibiro byabo, kubwi mpamvu ziva kumvune zigihe gito, kugeza k'ubumuga bw'ubuzima bwabo bwose. == Amateka == Inkoni zakoreshwaga muri Misiri ya kera . <ref name="vyse">{{Cite web |last=Vyse |first=Stuart |date=8 May 2019 |title=In Praise Of The Crutch-Makers |url=https://skepticalinquirer.org/exclusive/in-praise-of-the-crutch-makers/ |access-date=8 September 2019 |publisher=Skeptical Inquirer}}</ref> Muri 1917, Emile Schlick yatangiye kuzicuruzi; hari igishushanyo cyari kigizwe n'inkoni zigendeshwa hamwe. Nyuma, AR Lofstrand Jr. yakoze inkoni yambere ifite uburebure bushobora guhinduka wenda ukayizinga. gusa igishushanyo mbonera nticyahindutse cyane. <ref name="Fairley" /> == Ubwoko == [[Dosiye:Platform-crutch.jpg|right|thumb|Top portion of a platform crutch showing platform and grip]] [[Dosiye:A_student_nurse,_acting_as_physical_therapist_8b07715v.jpg|thumb| Umuhungu muto yiga gukoresha inkoni ye (1942)]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] 1iwasbaa9mgqp01e0bp8taqq7x9g0og 0 17675 137100 117144 2026-09-14T13:17:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137100 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Honda UNI-CUB β rear-left 2013 Tokyo Motor Show.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Osaka Motor Show 2013 (185) Honda UNI-CUB β (cropped).jpg|thumb|honda uni cub]] == Honda Uni Cub == [[Dosiye:Osaka_Motor_Show_2013_(184)_Honda_UNI-CUB_β.jpg|thumb|{{center|Honda UNI-CUB β at Osaka Motor Show 2013}}]] [[Dosiye:Honda_UNI-CUB_β_at_TMS2013.jpg|thumb|{{center|Honda UNI-CUB β at Tokyo Motor Show 2013}}]] '''Honda UNI-CUB''' ni igitekerezo cya 2 ya axisi yo-kuringaniza Ibiro bw'umuntu ku giti cye kugirango abashe gukora nko mu nzu idafite inzitizi,yaje kwerekanwa bwa mbere muri Osaka Motor Show muri 2013. == Amateka == Ishobora gumusimburwa na Honda U3-X 2009, nayo yerekanwe muri Osaka Motor Show muri 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2019 |title=Honda's latest robotic stool is fun to ride, still impossible to buy |url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/10/10/honda-uni-cub-beta-ceatec-2014/ |website=Engadget}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=unknown |url=http://www.diseno-art.com/news_content/2013/11/honda-uni-cub-b/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028174533/http://www.diseno-art.com/news_content/2013/11/honda-uni-cub-b/ |archive-date=2014-10-28}}</ref> == Igishushanyo n'imikorere == Igenzura kandi ikaringaniza ibiro, uburyo busa nubwa Segway PT ikoresha, igice kiringaniza rwose kandi gishobora gukoresha mu kugenda haba mubyerekezo byose uyifite yifuza . <ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Orazio |first=Dante |date=2012-05-15 |title=Honda Uni-Cub personal mobility device one-ups Segways for indoor use |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/5/15/3022336/honda-uni-cub-personal-mobility-device-announced |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref> Hano ifite amapine abiri, ibiziga binini byo kuyitwara bigenda mu cyerekezo cyerekeza imbere, hamwe na moteri ikurikira kuri dogere 90. Byombi amapine y'imodoka hamwe nuyobora, ariko byose byubatswe nisiga ntoya zimeze nk'umubumbe' utuma uruziga rwimuka rukanjya kuruhande. Iyo ugiye imbere ipine rinini ruba rufite ingufu kandi uruziga ruto ruzunguruka kugirango rwirinde gukurura ikinyabiziga cyose. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Woodyard |first=Chris |title=Honda's Uni-Cub is a bar stool on wheels |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2015/01/13/honda-uni-cub-personal-mobility/21700869/ |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Honda ifite ibipimo binga gupya 510 x 315 x 620 mm by'uburemere nuburemere bwa 25 kg, UNI-CUB ikoreshwa na batiri ya lithium-ion kandi ifite nayo 6 km / h by'umuvuduko wo hejuru na 6 km. Uburebure bw'intebe ni 620 mm, mu gihe ibirenge byateganijwe gukuba kabiri . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carson |first=Erin |title=Segway, eat your heart out. We try the Honda UNI-CUB |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/segway-eat-your-heart-out-we-try-the-honda-uni-cub/ |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://world.honda.com/UNI-CUB/features/index.html UNI-CUB amashusho namakuru] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Me1P0JljVk YouTube] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141028182133/http://cdn1.mos.techradar.futurecdn.net//art/features/world-of-tech/future-tech/unicub2-580-90.jpg Ishusho] * [http://world.honda.com/UNI-CUB/history/index.html Amateka nububiko bwa prototypes] * [http://world.honda.com/UNI-CUB/features/page02.html Ibisobanuro birambuye bya sisitemu yo gukurura] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1ZB_rGFyeU Amashusho yindirimbo "Sinzagutererana"] ya OK Go, aho abahanzi bakoresheje UniCub == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] 38cjdvzk7udt8kwfimegex15k838w92 0 17681 137025 116905 2026-09-14T13:11:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137025 wikitext text/x-wiki == Uburezi kubafite ubumuga == === Ndayisaba avugako ubu abafite ubumuga basigaye biga . === [[Dosiye:The_President_Dr._A.P.J._Abdul_Kalam_meeting_the_differently_abled_children_at_Uhuru_School_in_Dar-es-Salaam_on_September_13,_2004.jpg|thumb|Abafite ubumuga]] Ati simvuzeko bose basigaye biga ariko harinambwe imaze guterwa , ubu ugiye mumashuri y'inshuke usangamo abafite ubumuga ndetse no muyisumbuye , tujyezeho abafite ubumuga batabonye buruse ubu twumvikanye nikigo gishinzwe amashuri makuru .[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima] HEC kuburyo dukora urutonde rwabafite ubumuga tukarwoherezayo ikabaha buruse bakajya kwiga namafaranga batanze .[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima] Ubu ngo turimo kuganira aba bantu bacu bahabwe buruse bajye kwiga hanze [[Dosiye:Leading_the_Pack.jpg|thumb|Abafite ubumuga]] [[Dosiye:Differently_abled_children_at_Naval_Air_Station,_INS_Shikra.jpg|thumb|Abafite ubumuga]] bagaruke baza kwita kubafite ubumuga.[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima] yavuzeko ubu abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kuvuga turimo gutegura inkoranyamagambo yururimi rw'amarenga, turashakako tujyira inkoranya magambo ishingiye kumuco wacu, kuba rwakemerwa [[Dosiye:A_mother_and_her_daughter_with_a_developmental_disability.jpg|thumb|Abafite ubumuga]] yewe ndetse kubutyo ruzajya rujya rwijyisha nomumashuri.[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima] [[Dosiye:USAID_supports_better_opportunities_for_children_with_disabilities_(18950505793).jpg|thumb|Abafite ubumuga]] ==== Inkomoko ==== [https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima 1.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima] 2.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima 3.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima 4.https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima priaohp019m6tdy8rgnkkhrbxw2saku 0 17682 136797 101940 2026-09-14T13:05:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136797 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kwiyubaka kubafite ubumuga == === Abafite ubumuga aho bajyeze biyubaka nubushobozi nu ububasha basigaye bafite mundi baturage ndetse n'ijambo muri leta muri rusange. Samaza Chantal atuye mukarere ka Gasabo mu Murenge Wa kacyiru aho aho akora umwuga wogutunganya imisatsi. === Nubwo afite ubumuga bwingingo yanze kwicara ngo asabirize yakuye amaboko mumifuka yihangira umurimo wogukora imisatsi.[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima] Yahise ahuza bagenzibe bafite ubumuga kujyirango bishakemo ibisubizo, ati kumugara nibivuze kwicara kumuhanda ngo usabirize iyufite mumutwe hazima uratecereza ugashaka icyukora ukiteza imbere, ubu twishyize hamwe iyushatse ugurizwa 100,000Rwf ukaba wakunguka 10,000rwf burikwizi , umwaka iyurajyiye dufata kuriyanyungu tukagabana kubutyo burinyungu ijyera kuri burimunyamuryango.[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima] Avugako leta ibafasha umunsi kumunsi, gusa akavugako bafashwa kugira aho bakorera kujyirango bajye babona inkunga ibaha igishoro . ati ikindi leta ikwiye kudufasha nkabagore bafite ubumuga , ni uko twafashwa kubona imidugudu kuko abenshi usanga batishoboye kandi bafite abana ,badufashije kubona aho tuba twateza imbere kuko duhora twirukanwa munzu abandi.[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima].. Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa NUDOR Jean Damascene Nsengiyumva avugako hari bimwe bigomba gukorwa ngo abafite ubumuga koko ngobafashwe. [https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima] === ishakiro === # https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima 2_.[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu- nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima] 3.[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu-nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-babayeho-bate-mu- nzego-zitandukanye-z-ubuzima] h8i4fjed666jbej8fyx1zan17eto7na 0 17685 137101 101916 2026-09-14T13:17:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137101 wikitext text/x-wiki == Avamys Works == AVAMYS belongs to a group of medicines called glucocorticoids and works by decreasing inflammation caused by seasonal allergies. When you spray AVAMYS into your nose it helps to reduce symptoms such as stuffiness, runniness, itching, sneezing, eye redness, itchy eyes, and watery eyes.[https://ca.gsk.com/media/6134/avamys-part-iii.pdf] bxsud86vrv2jxfmptretbtagifblmbq 0 17697 136798 136021 2026-09-14T13:05:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136798 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibikorwa bidahezwa abafite ubumuga == === Mu butumwa rusange ku bitabiriye ibirori byo gutanga ibyo bihembo hagaragajwe ko buri wese akwiye kujyira uruhare muguharanira ko abantu bafite ubumuga bagira uburenganzira nk'ubw'abandi, kandi ko abahawe ibihembo bakwiye kubera abandi urugero mugukomeza kubera abandi urugero mugukomeza guteza imbere mubikorwa bidaheza abafite ubumuga. === Hahembwe kandi abanyeshuri biga muri IPRF Kicukiro, nkabafite umushinga mwiza ufite agashya gashobora gufasha abafite ubumuga , aho bakoze igare rishobora gufasha ubumuga rikoresheje kwitwara bisabye ko bamusunika ahubwo rigasaba ijwi mu kwitwara.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe] Hanahembwe kandi ibigo bitandukanye bisanzwe bitanga serivisi birimo iby'imari,ubucuruzi bwagutse birimo stafford Coffee Brewerty ltd igikoresho abakozi bakoresha bafite ubumuga kandi kigaragazako batanga umusaruro kandi ko kizakomeza kubongera.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe] Umunyamabanga Nshingwa bikorwa w'Inama y'Igihugu y'abafite ubumuga Ndayisaba Emmanuel, yavuzeko hatewe intambwe ikomeye imaze mu rugendo rwo gushikira abafite ubumuga. agari ati ibigo bitandukanye bikwiye kwimakaza ihame ryo kudaheza abafite ubumuga kuko nabo bashoboye kandi ko munzego zose bakoramobashobora gutanga umusaruro.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe] === indanganturo === 1.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe 2.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe 3.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abateza-imbere-ibikorwa-bidaheza-abafite-ubumuga-bashimiwe rll7xmw9zzm8263160vxgkhzs09qu9k 0 17728 136829 102829 2026-09-14T13:06:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136829 wikitext text/x-wiki == NCPD == === Ubuyobozi bw'inama y'inama y'abafite ubumuga NCPD buratangaza yuko harikwigaho abavukana ubumuga bwomumutwe bajya bahabwa ubuvuzi bwuzuye nkuko baba babyandikiwe na muganga. === Sikenshi usanga bantu bafite ubumuga baba bafite amikoro ahajyije mubuvuzi bwabo ntibiba binangana , n'umubiri wumuntu nago wakira ibintu kimwe umwe ashobora gucyirara inshuro makumyabiri undi agacyenera 30 , icyo nacyo mubyo dushaka kocyizacyemuka nacyo kirimo kuko muganga niwe ujyenga umuntu ijyihe azacyirira ngo ijyihe nicyi.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bwo-mu-mutwe-barasaba-guhabwa-ubuvuzi-bwuzuye] Nubwo abafite ubumuga serivise bacyenera kwa muganga atarko zose zishyurirwa kuri metual ariko mubihe byavuba zijyeye kujya zishyingirwa na mitual nkuko Emmanuel Ndayisaba abisobanura ati muminsi ishize harumuyobozi wo muri RSSB anyemerera ko ubu ajyiye guhita areba ibyinshi mubyo batatangaga bakabirekura kuberako hari uburyo igihugu cyashyizeho bwokojyera ubushobozi bwa mitual, imamvu aha tuhatsimbarara ni uko icyiciro tureberera ahanini gikoresha ubwo bwishingizi.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bwo-mu-mutwe-barasaba-guhabwa-ubuvuzi-bwuzuye] Umunsi muzamahanga w'abafite ubumuga uzaba wizihizwa kunshuro ya 31 kurubu ukaba ufite insanganyamatsiko igira iti DUFATANYE NABANTU BAFITE UBUMUGA TUJYERE KUNTEGO ZIRAMBYE.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bwo-mu-mutwe-barasaba-guhabwa-ubuvuzi-bwuzuye] ==== Indanganturo ==== 1.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bwo-mu-mutwe-barasaba-guhabwa-ubuvuzi-bwuzuye 2.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bwo-mu-mutwe-barasaba-guhabwa-ubuvuzi-bwuzuye 3.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bwo-mu-mutwe-barasaba-guhabwa-ubuvuzi-bwuzuye e9rqhe5xqjq6fb2iessfknysieeeat9 0 17759 136945 117304 2026-09-14T13:09:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136945 wikitext text/x-wiki == Imiryango yabafite ubumuga == === Imiryango yabafite ubumuga m'Urwanda ihangayikishijwe no gutungwa n'inkunga z'amahanga . === [[Dosiye:Disability reduced fare.jpg|thumb|388x388px]] Imiryango yita kubafite ubumuga mu Rwanda ishimako hari byinshi leta yakoze birimo gushyirwaho amategeko akumira ihezwa mubuyobozi cyangwa muri sosiyete ariko isigaranye ikibazo cy'ingutu cyoguhora iteze amaso inkunga z'amahanga.[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-y-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-ihangayikishijwe-no-gutungwa-n-inkunga-z] Abahagarariye imiryango bagaragaje izi mungenge munama nkuru yabafite ubumuga mu Rwanda yateraiye ikigali kuwa 26 kamena 2018.[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-y-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-ihangayikishijwe-no-gutungwa-n-inkunga-z] [[Bizimana Dominique]] uyoboye ihuriro ry'imiryango 13 yita kubafite ubumuga bo m'uRwanda, yavuzeko bafite imungenge z'inkunga bahora bateze ku mahanga bakifuzako leta yagira uruhare mukubafasha murwego rwo kwijyira.[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-y-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-ihangayikishijwe-no-gutungwa-n-inkunga-z] Yakomeje avuga ko bamaze iminsi mubiganiro na leta y'u Rwnda muri gahunda yo kwigira kugira ngo habeho ko yajya ibaha inkunga aho gutegereza inkunga za amahanga .[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-y-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-ihangayikishijwe-no-gutungwa-n-inkunga-z] Yavuze kandi ko imwe muri iyi miryango iri muri NUDOR igenda icika inege hakaba n'igenda ifunga imiryangokumamvu za amikoro no kubura aho ikorera.[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-y-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-ihangayikishijwe-no-gutungwa-n-inkunga-z] === indankanuro === 1.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-y-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-ihangayikishijwe-no-gutungwa-n-inkunga-z 2.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-y-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-ihangayikishijwe-no-gutungwa-n-inkunga-z 3.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-y-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-ihangayikishijwe-no-gutungwa-n-inkunga-z 4.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-y-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-ihangayikishijwe-no-gutungwa-n-inkunga-z 5.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-y-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-ihangayikishijwe-no-gutungwa-n-inkunga-z salttm602a2h1za4auhbeaaauiqutf8 0 17761 137026 102883 2026-09-14T13:11:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137026 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umuryango NUDOR == === NUDOR yatangije umushinga wokwita kubana nu urubyiruko bafite ubumuga mumiryango babamo. === Wonjyeye imbaraga muri gahunda zari zisanzweho zo kwita kubafite ubumuga Twagirima Euegen, umukozi wa NUDOR, akaba umuhuza bikorwa pogarame y'iterambere ridaheza rishingiye kumuryango [SBR], avugako uyu mushinga uzibana kubana n'urubyiruko kujyeza kumyaka 25 bafite ubumuga,NUDOR ikaba aricyo kicukiro yibandaho bakorana na foundation Liliane yo mubuhorandi kuko ariyo ibatera inkunga muriyo porogarame.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nudor-yatangije-umushinga-wo-kwita-ku-bana-n-urubyiruko-bafite-ubumuga-mu-miryango-babamo] NUDOR kandi usibye kwita kurabo bafite ubumuga igira n' uruhare mu kubaka ubushobozi bw'umuryango uwo muntu ufite ubumuga abamo kujyirango uwomuryango ugire uruhare mukwita kuruwo muntu ufite ubumuga.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nudor-yatangije-umushinga-wo-kwita-ku-bana-n-urubyiruko-bafite-ubumuga-mu-miryango-babamo] Nyuma yoguhura abafatanya bikorwa bafasha muishyirwa bikorwa ry'uyu mushinga hazabaho kubarura urugo kurundi abana n'urubyiruko bafite ubumuga kugirango bamenyekane ndetse bafashwe. [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nudor-yatangije-umushinga-wo-kwita-ku-bana-n-urubyiruko-bafite-ubumuga-mu-miryango-babamo] INDANGANTURO 1.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nudor-yatangije-umushinga-wo-kwita-ku-bana-n-urubyiruko-bafite-ubumuga-mu-miryango-babamo 2.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nudor-yatangije-umushinga-wo-kwita-ku-bana-n-urubyiruko-bafite-ubumuga-mu-miryango-babamo 3.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nudor-yatangije-umushinga-wo-kwita-ku-bana-n-urubyiruko-bafite-ubumuga-mu-miryango-babamo 4zlrjfsu7j6hmmr9qr8khpl5v63mmem 0 17780 137102 118926 2026-09-14T13:17:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137102 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Special Olympics''' nyuma yo gutangiza umushinga wa '''UNIFY CHAMPIONS SCHOOL''' ugamije gukura abana [[Abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda|bafite ubumuga]] mu bwiyunge, bahurira mu mikino hamwe n'abadafite ubumuga Ubuyobozi bwayo buratangaza ko iyi gahunda imaze gutenyura abatari bake mu bana bafiite ubumuga mu [[Rwanda]]. == Unify Champions School == Umushinga wa '''UNIFY CHAMPIONS SCHOO'''L watewe inkunga na '''Mohamed ben Zayed''' Igikomangoma cya Leta zunze ubumwe z'abarabu binyuze muri '''Special Olympics International''' Byemezwa na Minisiteri y'uburezi aho '''Special Olympics''' ubusanzwe ari umuryango mpuza mahanga ushishikajwe no kuvana abafite ubumuga mu bwigunge hifashishijwe imikino. == Uko umushinga wa Unify Champions School watangiye == Uyu mushinga wa '''Unify Champions Schools''' muri '''Special Olympics''' watangijwe mu mwaka wa 2021, utangirira mu mashuri 40 yo mumujyi wa Kigali, ubu ukaba umaze kugera mu mashuri 70 yo [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|muntara y'uburasirazuba]], ugakomeza no mumashuri 120 yo [[Intara y'amajyepfo|muntara y'Amajyepfo,]] n'Amajyaruguru, hanyuma no mu mashuri 140 yo mu burengerazuba, ukaba ari umushinga watewe inkunga na '''Muhamed Ben Zayid''' igikomangoma cya Leta zunze ubumwe z'abarabu. hanyuma byemezwa na Minisiteri y'uburezi mu [[Rwanda]]. == Intego ya Unify Champions School == Jean Bosco avuga ko ubu buryo buzagezwa mumashuri maganane 400 mu [[Rwanda]] hose aho bahisemo kunyuza uyumushinga mu mashuri, mu gutegura abana bafite ubumuga kugirango bazavemo ingirakamaro, twifuzako abafite ubumuga nabo bavamo ingirakamoro, kuko akenshi wasangaga bakunda guhora bigunze, bakabura uko bakina na bagenzi babo, akenshi bikanabaviramo guta amashuri, uburyo bwa UNIFY CHAMPIONS SCHOOL, ni ugufasha hose aho, bahisemo kunyuza uyu mushinga mu mashuli, mu gutegura Abana kugira ngo bazavemo ingirakagusabana, [[Abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda|abafite ubumuga]] bagakina n'abadafite ubumuga.abanyeshuri bose Jean Bosco avuga ko ubu buryo buzagezwa mu mashuli maganane mu Rwanda == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga (Rwanda)]] sidcczw7c4bwdznthhiv9682m8naduj 0 18019 137027 134121 2026-09-14T13:11:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137027 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigo nderabuzima cya ruhunda ni kimwe mu bigo nderabuzima byo mu karere ka Rwamagana, iki kigo cyubatswe ahasaga 1986 kikaba giherereye mu murenge wa Gashari. mukagari ka ruhunda mumudugudu wa nyagahinga ikikigo Kandi kikaba gifite nibitaro bita materinete bifasha abadamu kubyara ndetse nizindi serivise zigiye zitandukanye <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/gishali-hon-senateri-narcisse-musabeyezu-na-hon-senateri-perrine-mukankusi-basuye-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-ruhunda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-06 |archive-date=2022-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623181155/https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/gishali-hon-senateri-narcisse-musabeyezu-na-hon-senateri-perrine-mukankusi-basuye-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-ruhunda |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == kuva muri 1986 iki kigo cyatangiye kwakira abarwayi batandukanye baturukaga mu mirenge igikikije dore ko aricyo cyari cyegereye abaturage bo mu mirenge ya Gishari na Munyiginya. kubere ubwinshi bw' abasaba serivisi z' ubuzima icyo kigo cyashyiho amavuriro y' ingoboka yo kugifasha gutanga izo serivisi. <ref>https://twitter.com/RwamaganaDistr/status/969501506637623296</ref> == Amashakiro == <references />3.https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/gishali-hon-senateri-narcisse-musabeyezu-na-hon-senateri-perrine-mukankusi-basuye-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-ruhunda 2cnyzfgws7qavebfzpvf3wfcfzfkedr 0 18057 136830 103813 2026-09-14T13:06:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136830 wikitext text/x-wiki Rosine Bazongera ni umukinnyi kazi wa film nyarwanda uri mubakunzwe cyane, akaba yaravutse mu 1996.[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108631/bazongere-rosine-wanyuze-mu-bikomeye-akaba-akunzwe-muri-sinema-yagaragaye-ku-kivu-aryohewe-108631.html] ubwo yarafite imyaka 20 yajeguhindurirwa amateka ubu ari mubakobwa bifitiye icyizere cy'ejo heza banafatirwaho icyitejyererezo na benshi ari mubakunzwe cyane muri sinema nyarwanda bitewe nubuhanga akinana.[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108631/bazongere-rosine-wanyuze-mu-bikomeye-akaba-akunzwe-muri-sinema-yagaragaye-ku-kivu-aryohewe-108631.html] ==== Ubuzimabwe ==== Rosine yanyuze mubuzima bugoye bwakomeye nyuma yokuva mu ishuri kuberakubura ubushobozi adasoje ikiciro rusange cy'ayisumbuye akiyemeza kujya mujyihugu cya Uganda aho yabaga mumurwa mukuru wa kampala. kujyeza mayingoaya akaba afite umwana wavutse 2014.[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108631/bazongere-rosine-wanyuze-mu-bikomeye-akaba-akunzwe-muri-sinema-yagaragaye-ku-kivu-aryohewe-108631.html] ====== Indankanturo ====== 1.https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108631/bazongere-rosine-wanyuze-mu-bikomeye-akaba-akunzwe-muri-sinema-yagaragaye-ku-kivu-aryohewe-108631.html 4mwlgjg6iqvga3kw5zrh3dfik1fgm93 0 18111 136946 133782 2026-09-14T13:09:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136946 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:East African Legislative Assembly.jpg|thumb|Rutazana ari mu bagize inteko ya EALA]] [[Dosiye:Kigali city rwanda.jpg|thumb|Rutazana ni umunyarwandakazi uvuka mu Mujyi wa Kigali]] '''[https://www.eala.org/members/view/hon-rutazana-francine Rutazana Francine]''' ni umunyarwandakazi uhagarariye u [[Rwanda]] mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu Muryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EALA). Rutazana yatorewe kujya mu Nteko ya EALA muri manda ya 2022-2027 akaba ari umwe mu ba depite icyenda(9) bahagarariye u [[Rwanda]] muri iyo Nteko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=25949&cHash=96737ccad48b931455c4966439efd3c8 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-25 |archive-date=2024-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325092957/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=25949&cHash=96737ccad48b931455c4966439efd3c8 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/9-batorewe-guhagararira-u-rwanda-muri-eala-ni-aba.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-25 |archive-date=2024-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325093744/https://ar.umuseke.rw/9-batorewe-guhagararira-u-rwanda-muri-eala-ni-aba.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/3557/news/rwanda/how-rwanda-picked-its-eala-representatives</ref><ref>https://www.eac.int/press-releases/2973-eala-2nd-meeting-of-the-2nd-session-of-the-5th-assembly-in-kigali,-rwanda-23rd-november-to-7th-december,-2023</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/12/rwanda-chooses-next-eala-members/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/3529/news/africa/women-dominate-as-rwanda-votes-eala-legislators</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/01/kagame-meets-rwandas-eala-members/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/kwiyubaka-ku-barokotse-jenoside-ni-urugendo-rushoboka-depite-rutazana</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/perezida-kagame-yakiriye-abadepite-b-u-rwanda-muri-eala</ref> == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] fwoi3f4lk58d7b52b3vdpncobdqjyaq 0 18164 136915 104068 2026-09-14T13:08:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136915 wikitext text/x-wiki = MUNEZERO Clarisse = ==Amashuri yize == Afite ubunararibonye bw’imyaka 13 mu kazi kuko yarangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu mategeko muri kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali mu mwaka w’ i 2006, yatangiye icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Kaminuza y’i Nantes mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa. Mu mwaka w’2008 yabonye indi mpamyabumenyi imwemerera kunganira abantu mu nkiko ayikuye mu gihugu cya Uganda, ILI - Kampala.<ref>https://integonews.com/munezero-clarisse-wagizwe-umunyamabanga-uhoraho-muri-minisiteri-yubumwe-ni-muntu-ki/#pll_switcher</ref> == Ishakiro == e6ukta2k7bz485feggo5cqmn8ymdot6 0 18251 136799 133994 2026-09-14T13:05:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Izere Santhiana''' ni umugore akaba ari [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko, yakiniye ikipe agiye atandukanye ubu akinira ikipe ya RP-IPRC Huye Women mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa [[FERWAFA|FERWABA]], Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda, ndetse n'ibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye atandukanye ku rwego rwa Afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]]. Ni umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu yabasketball y'abagore y'u Rwanda .<ref>https://ferwaba.web.geniussports.com/competitions/?WHurl=%2Fcompetition%2F37985%2Fleaders</ref> == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] t2lu8t1fku4o9m70nr6wicrebmkpy2f 0 18265 137028 133246 2026-09-14T13:11:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137028 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhawenimana Immaculate''' ni umugore akaba ari [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko, yakiniye ikipe agiye atandukanye ubu akinira ikipe ya cricket y'abagore mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Cricket itegurwa n'ishyiramwe rya cricket mu Rwanda, CRA , ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n'igikombe gitegurwa na Cricket world cup. Yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye atandukanye ku rwego rwa Afurika nk'irushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa cricket y'[[Umugore|abagore]]. Ni umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu ya cricket y'abagore y'u Rwanda .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/137354/cricket-ikipe-yigihugu-mu-bagore-yagiye-muri-uganda-137354.html</ref> == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya cricket]] 05v8lpe2te4l5jgjm20trhk15w1uca8 0 18325 136831 132539 2026-09-14T13:06:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136831 wikitext text/x-wiki Kuri uyu wa 12 Mutarama 2024 ni bwo Bushali yahawe ikaze mu biro bya Minisitiri Dr Abdallah Utuma twishima, bakaba baganiriye byinshi ku muziki w’uyu muhanzi, ndetse yemererwa ubufasha muri gahunda arimo zo kumurika album ye ‘Full Moon’, izajya hanze mu minsi iri imbere. Minisitiri Utuma twishima yabwiye uyu muhanzi ko nka Minisiteri ayoboye, biteguye gukora ibishoboka byose bagafasha abahanzi. Bushali waririmbye mu gitaramo cyo kumurika album ya Yago mu kwezi gushize, ubwo yari avuye ku rubyiniro, yabajijwe niba yari azi ko mu bo yaririmbiye harimo na Minisitiri w’Urubyiruko, asubiza ko ntabyo yari azi ndetse avuga ko yifuza ko bazahura.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/bushali-yakabije-inzozi-zo-guhura-na-minisitiri-w-urubyiruko-n-iterambere-ry-ubuhanzi</ref> == Amashakiro; == 2qtfb9e9o7ec3ijhapot1bagfe0xooi 0 18366 136984 136156 2026-09-14T13:10:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136984 wikitext text/x-wiki == Aho ruhereye == == ADEPR GISHARI ni urusengero rw' Abapentekoste ( pentecoste) ruherereye mu ntara y' Iburasirazuba, mu Karere ka Rwamagana, mu Murenge wa Gishari,mu Kagari ka Bwinsanga. Urwo rusengero ruherereye ahegereye ikiyaga cya Muhazi uvuye kuri metero 3000m. Uvuye kuri Kaminuza ya IPRC Gishari no kuri [[Rupee muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba|RNP]] (Rwanda National Police) iherereye muri metero nka 350m<ref>Editing ADPR Gishari - Wikipedia</ref>. == == Amateka == <ref>https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=Awriipq6wzNqIQMAw7OJzbkF;_ylu=Y29sbwNiZjEEcG9zAzEEdnRpZAMEc2VjA3JlbA--?p=ADEPR+Rwanda&fr2=p%3As%2Cv%3Ai%2Cm%3Ars-top%2Cct%3Abing%2Crgn%3Atop%2Cpos%3A1&fr=mcafee&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fpbs.twimg.com%2Fmedia%2FEuwDXZNXUAA55R7.jpg%3Alarge</ref>[[ADEPR Rwanda|ADEPR]] yagejejwe mu Rwanda n’Abamisiyoneri bo muri Suède. Nyuma y’imyaka itatu bahageze ni bwo mu 1943 babatije Umunyarwanda wa mbere, Sagatwa Rudoviko, wabaye umukirisitu wa mbere mu itorero. Ubutumwa bwashibutse mu myaka 83 ishize bumaze gukwira ku isi yose ndetse by’umwihariko mu [[Rwanda]] ADEPR ifite abayoboke barenga miliyoni ebyiri. == Imibanire y'abakristo == Urwo rusengero abakirisito bafite gahunda nziza yo kugemurira abarwayi kwa muganga, ibyo babikora bakusanya imfashanyo muri bo. Mu Rwanda insengero zifasha Leta y'u [[Rwanda]] mu kugabanya ibyaha bitandukanye nk'ubujura, abigisha bashishikariza abantu kwirinda ibyaha kuko ari inzira ijyana abantu mu muriro w'iteka.<ref>Editing ADPR Gishari - Wikipedia</ref>Abakristu i Gishari baharanira kubaho bakurikiza inyigisho za Yesu Kristo. Bagaragaza urukundo, gufashanya, gusenga no kugira imyitwarire myiza mu miryango no mu muryango mugari. Bitabira ibikorwa by'itorero, bafasha abatishoboye kandi bagaharanira amahoro n'ubumwe. Imibereho yabo igamije kuba urugero rwiza mu mico no mu bikorwa bya buri munsi. == Amashakiro; == 5p156l771p97hpzuhkgb6rjaiee2wny 0 18370 137103 106639 2026-09-14T13:17:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137103 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya polisi y’u Rwanda - Gishari == Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Polisi y’u Rwanda rya Gishari (PTS) ni rimwe mu mashuri ya Polisi y’u Rwanda. Ryatangiye mu mwaka wa 2000 nyuma gato y’ishingwa rya Polisi y’u Rwanda, riherereye mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, mu Karere ka Rwamagana, Umurenge wa Gishari, Akagari ka Bwinsanga, Umudugudu wa Shaburondo. Mu koroshya itangwa ry’amahugurwa, ishuri rya polisi y’u Rwanda rya Gishari rigabanyijemo amashami ane; Ishami ry’amahugurwa y’ibanze ya polisi ritanga amahugurwa ku basivili baba binjijwe muri polisi bagasoza amahugurwa bari ku rwego rw’abapolisi bato bagahabwa ipeti rya Police Constable. Hari ishami ry’amahugurwa yo ku rwego rw’abofisiye bato binyuze mu ikosi rya ‘Cadet’ ritoza abapolisi bo ku rwego rw’abofisiye barimo abasanzwe bari mu mirimo ndetse n’abakinjira muri polisi y’Igihugu, bagahabwa ipeti rya rya AIP (Assistant Inspector of Police) nyuma yo gusoza amahugurwa. [[Dosiye:Rwanda National Police.png|thumb|POLICE Y'URWANDA]] ==== Amahugurwa atangirwa mu Ishuri ry’Amahugurwa rya Polisi rya Gishari ==== ==== Amahugurwa y’ibanze yo kwinjira muri Polisi ==== Amahugurwa y’ibanze ya polisi ni intangiriro y’umwuga wa polisi, ahabwa abasivili baba binjiye muri uyu mwuga mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 52. Ibyiciro bitandukanye by’abahabwa aya mahugurwa bimaze kunyura mu ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Gishari kuva mu 2001. === Amahugurwa yo gukarishya ubumenyi bw’abapolisi bato === Amahugurwa ahabwa abapolisi bato (NCOs), aho agenewe abapolisi bato batoranyijwe bagahabwa ubumenyi bubafasha gukora inshingano z’ubuyobozi ndetse no gusigarana inshingano z’umuyobozi wa sitasiyo ya Polisi mu gihe yaba adahari. === Amahugurwa y’abarimu === Amahugurwa ahabwa abarimu yateguwe mu kujyanisha n’igihe amahugurwa atangwa na Polisi y’u Rwanda, bigendanye n’uburyo bushya bwo guhugura n’imfashanyigisho nshya. Amara ibyumweru umunani yibanda ku byiciro bikurikira: imyitozo ifasha abapolisi mu gihe cy’amahoro cyangwa intambara n’inshingano, ubumenyi ku ntwaro, ubumenyi mu bya gisirikare, uburyo bwo gutanga amahugurwa, gutegura imfashanyigisho, kwifashisha amasuzuma mu gihe cy’amahugurwa, gutegura amahugurwa no kuyatanga, uburyo bwo kugenzura ishuri, igenantekerezo ry’imyigishirize, uburyo bw’itumanaho bunoze n’ibindi. Kuri ubu ibyiciro birindwi by’abarimu byamaze guhabwa aya mahugurwa. [[Dosiye:Meeting at the office of the Inspector General of Police.jpg|thumb|BAMWE MU BA POLICE BAKURU]] === Amahugurwa yo gutwara ibinyabiziga no kubikoresha === Amahugurwa yo gutwara ibinyabiziga yakozwe kugira ngo afashe abashoferi ba Polisi y’u Rwanda kugira ubumenyi bw’ingenzi mu gutwara ibinyabigiziga no kubyitaho, hagamijwe kugabanya impanuka zibera mu muhanda no gusigasira ubuziranenge bw’ibinyabigiziga bya Polisi y’u Rwanda. === Amahugurwa yihariye yigisha intwaro n’uburyo bwo kuzikoresha === Amahugurwa yigisha intwaro n’uburyo bwo kuzikoresha (SWAT) amara ibyumweru 24 agamije guha abapolisi batoranyijwe ubumenyi n’uburenganzira bwo gukora ibikorwa bidasanzwe bisaba imyitozo yo kurasa byihuse n’ubuhanga bwo gukorera hamwe ari bake. Harimo kandi kwigishwa imyitozo yo kunyura ahagoranye, kurasa, amayeri yo gutabara mu buryo bwihuse n’uburyo bw’imirwanire. === Amahugurwa y’itsinda ry’aboherezwa mu butumwa bw’amahoro === Amahugurwa ahabwa itsinda ry’abapolisi yateguwe by’umwihariko hagamijwe guha ubumenyi n’ubushobozi abapolisi b’abofisiye batoranyijwe, bubafasha kuzuza inshingano bahabwa mu gihe baba boherejwe mu butumwa bw’amahoro mu bice bitandukanye. Abahabwa amahugurwa bigishwa ibisabwa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye biyobora abapolisi bawo bari mu butumwa bw’amahoro. Bahabwa ayo mahugurwa n’amahugurwa y’ibanze ku bikorwa by’Umuryango w’Abibumbye byo kugarura amahoro, ibijyanye n’amategeko, kurinda abasivili, inshingano bahawe, ubumenyi bwa polisi, ubumenyi ku ntwaro, gukorana n’abaturage, iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n’izindi politike z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zijyanye n’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro, imyitwarire n’ikinyabupfura, indangagaciro n’ubushobozi by’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, amahame agenga ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro n’ibindi. Mbere yo kohereza umutwe runaka wa polisi mu butumwa, urabanza ugasuzumwa harebwa ubushobozi bwabo mu gushyira mu bikorwa inshingano boherejwemo bikozwe n’umutwe w’abapolisi b’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bashinzwe gusuzuma abapolisi bagiye mu butumwa runaka (FPAT). Amahugurwa ahabwa uwo mutwe amara ibyumweru 12 ndetse kuri ubu hamaze guhabwa amahugurwa ibyiciro bitandukanye by’abapolisi bagiye mu butumwa bw’amahoro. === Amahugurwa ahabwa abayobozi b’itsinda ry’abapolisi ryoherezwa mu butumwa bw’amahoro === Amahugurwa ahabwa abapolisi bayobora abandi ategurwa kugira ngo yongere ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bw’abofisiye bayobora abandi [Commissioned officers], butuma bagira ubumenyi mu gutanga amabwiriza no kuyobora mu aho bahabwa ubutumwa. Impamvu nyamukuru y’aya mahugurwa ni ukugira ngo bamenye itandukaniro riri hagati y’umupolisi ukorera imbere mu gihugu n’ujya hanze mu butumwa bw’akazi, abayobozi baba bagomba kurenga ikigero cyo ku rwego rw’igihugu bakamenya amahame na politiki bigenga igipolosi ku rwego rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. <ref>https://police.gov.rw/rw/ahabanza/amashuri-ya-polisi/ishuri-ryigisha-abapolisi-gishari/</ref> a1nisvd53afasp7wljgsf9ru43lr7js 0 18407 137029 105405 2026-09-14T13:11:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137029 wikitext text/x-wiki Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Polisi y’u Rwanda rya Gishari (PTS) ni rimwe mu mashuri ya Polisi y’u Rwanda. Ryatangiye mu mwaka wa 2000 nyuma gato y’ishingwa rya Polisi y’u Rwanda, riherereye mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, mu Karere ka Rwamagana, Umurenge wa Gishari, Akagari ka Bwinsanga, Umudugudu wa Shaburondo. Mu koroshya itangwa ry’amahugurwa, ishuri rya polisi y’u Rwanda rya Gishari rigabanyijemo amashami ane; Ishami ry’amahugurwa y’ibanze ya polisi ritanga amahugurwa ku basivili baba binjijwe muri polisi bagasoza amahugurwa bari ku rwego rw’abapolisi bato bagahabwa ipeti rya Police Constable. Hari ishami ry’amahugurwa yo ku rwego rw’abofisiye bato binyuze mu ikosi rya ‘Cadet’ ritoza abapolisi bo ku rwego rw’abofisiye barimo abasanzwe bari mu mirimo ndetse n’abakinjira muri polisi y’Igihugu, bagahabwa ipeti rya rya AIP (Assistant Inspector of Police) nyuma yo gusoza amahugurwa. Police yu Rwanda igira uruhare mwiterambere nimibereho myiza yabaturage aho yubakira atishoboye nibindi...,aho twavuga aho yubakiye inzu yokubamo umuturage witwa Mahundaza coltilda ifite agaciro ka million enye zamafaranga yu Rwanda ndetse nibindi ikorera abaturage<ref>https://police.gov.rw/home/police-schools/police-training-school-gishari/</ref> ==== intego yaryo nyamukuru ni u ==== Kubaka ubushobozi n’ubumenyi bw’abakozi mu kugira uruhare mu bijyanye n’umutekano == INDANGA GACIRO ZIRANGA ABAPOLISI == * Abakozi b’Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Polisi rya Gishari bagendera ku ndangagaciro zikurikira: * - Ubutabera no kubaha ikiremwamuntu * - Uburenganzira, * - Imyitwarire ya kinyamwuga * - Ubwangamugayo no gutanga serivisi nziza * - Gukorera hamwe == Amashakiro == https://police.gov.rw/rw/ahabanza/amashuri-ya-polisi/ishuri-ryigisha-abapolisi-gishari/ * * jy0mnocjuicp4niq0ank08ituca8vk2 137121 137029 2026-09-14T13:18:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137121 wikitext text/x-wiki Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Polisi y’u Rwanda rya Gishari (PTS) ni rimwe mu mashuri ya Polisi y’u Rwanda. Ryatangiye mu mwaka wa 2000 nyuma gato y’ishingwa rya Polisi y’u Rwanda, riherereye mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, mu Karere ka Rwamagana, Umurenge wa Gishari, Akagari ka Bwinsanga, Umudugudu wa Shaburondo. Mu koroshya itangwa ry’amahugurwa, ishuri rya polisi y’u Rwanda rya Gishari rigabanyijemo amashami ane; Ishami ry’amahugurwa y’ibanze ya polisi ritanga amahugurwa ku basivili baba binjijwe muri polisi bagasoza amahugurwa bari ku rwego rw’abapolisi bato bagahabwa ipeti rya Police Constable. Hari ishami ry’amahugurwa yo ku rwego rw’abofisiye bato binyuze mu ikosi rya ‘Cadet’ ritoza abapolisi bo ku rwego rw’abofisiye barimo abasanzwe bari mu mirimo ndetse n’abakinjira muri polisi y’Igihugu, bagahabwa ipeti rya rya AIP (Assistant Inspector of Police) nyuma yo gusoza amahugurwa. Police yu Rwanda igira uruhare mwiterambere nimibereho myiza yabaturage aho yubakira atishoboye nibindi...,aho twavuga aho yubakiye inzu yokubamo umuturage witwa Mahundaza coltilda ifite agaciro ka million enye zamafaranga yu Rwanda ndetse nibindi ikorera abaturage<ref>https://police.gov.rw/home/police-schools/police-training-school-gishari/</ref> ==== intego yaryo nyamukuru ni u ==== Kubaka ubushobozi n’ubumenyi bw’abakozi mu kugira uruhare mu bijyanye n’umutekano == Indanga gaciro ziranga abapolisi == * Abakozi b’Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Polisi rya Gishari bagendera ku ndangagaciro zikurikira: * - Ubutabera no kubaha ikiremwamuntu * - Uburenganzira, * - Imyitwarire ya kinyamwuga * - Ubwangamugayo no gutanga serivisi nziza * - Gukorera hamwe == Amashakiro == https://police.gov.rw/rw/ahabanza/amashuri-ya-polisi/ishuri-ryigisha-abapolisi-gishari/ * * lx0zy2vfjmwu698ib4fclkqs8pvdaia 0 18433 137122 116845 2026-09-14T13:18:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137122 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima bw’imyororokere niki kurubyiruko ? == Ubuzima bw’imyororokere ni imiterere, imikurire, imikorere n’imihindagurikire y’umubiri cyane cyane imyanya myibarukiro na ndangagitsina. [[Dosiye:YAHA_Youth_Rally.jpg|thumb|URUBYIRUKO]] = Ibyerekeye serivisi zigenewe urubyiruko = [[Dosiye:Youth_at_there_home.jpg|thumb|Youth]] Serivisi zigenewe urubyiruko ni serivisi zibanda cyane ku buzima bw'imyororokere nko gukumira inda z'abangavu, indwara zandurirwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina n'ihohoterwa; Ni serivisi zizewe, ziboneka ku mavuriro, ku mashuri, k u bigo by'urubyiruko n'ahandi ... Ni serivisi zisubiza ibibazo by’urubyiruko kandi zidahenze; [[Dosiye:The_book_of_nature_-_containing_information_for_young_people_who_think_of_getting_married_-_on_the_philosophy_of_procreation_and_sexual_intercourse,_showing_how_to_prevent_conception_and_to_avoid_(14595542100).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Health_knowledge_-_a_thorough_and_concise_knowledge_of_the_prevention,_causes,_and_treatments_of_disease,_simplified_for_home_use_(1920)_(14595283857).jpg|thumb|’IMYOROROKERE ]] Izo serivisi zitangirwa mu ibanga kandi mu buryo bunogeye urubyiruko; Zitangwa n’abakozi babihuguriwe kandi babifitiye uburenganzira; [[Dosiye:Human_genitalia_-_development_1.png|thumb]] Itangwa rya serivisi z’urubyiruko rikorwa neza hatabayeho gutegereza igihe kirekire. '''Ni izihe serivisi zigenewe urubyiruko?''' Guhabwa inyigisho zerekeranye n’ ubuzima bw’ imyororokere; Guhabwa inyigisho n’uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro; Gukumira no kuvura indwara zandurirwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina; Gukumira ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gufasha abarikorewe; Ubujyanama no gupima Virusi itera SIDA; Ubujyanama ku bitegura kurushinga; Inyigisho zigamije gukumira inda mu bangavu; Ubujyanama ku gupima no gukurikirana ubuzima bw’abakobwa batwite; Ubujyanama bujyanye no kwirinda gukuramo inda mu buryo budakurikije amategeko no kwita ku wagize ingaruka zo gukuramo inda; Inyigisho ku kamaro ko gukebwa ku bahungu no gutanga iyo serivisi. <ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=UBUZIMA+BW%E2%80%99IMYOROROKERE+NIKI+KURUBYIRUKO+%3F&oq=UBUZIMA+BW%E2%80%99IMYOROROKERE+NIKI+KURUBYIRUKO+%3F&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQRRg8MgYIAhBFGDzSAQgxMzMxajBqN6gCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> qz7f1cmhnu2tpn1jewexu7syaxqnfm0 0 18505 136985 133877 2026-09-14T13:10:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136985 wikitext text/x-wiki <u>AMAHIRWE YO KWIHANGIRA IMIRIMO MURUBYIRUKO RW'URWANDA.</u> [https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/urubyiruko-rwu-rwanda-20-000-rurafashwa-kuba-inzobere-mu-ikoranabuhanga/ '''Amahirwe''' ni ijambo ryo mu Kinyarwanda rifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye, rikaba rikoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi mu buryo bwagutse. Rishobora gusobanura: Umugisha cyangwa ubuntu, aho umuntu abona ibyiza atabanje kubivunikira cyane. Uburyo cyangwa amahitamo yo kugerageza ikintu runaka. Ubushobozi cyangwa umugisha wihariye ufitanye isano n’imyizerere, aho abantu bamwe babifata nk’impano y’Imana cyangwa ubuzima bwamuhiriye.] [https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/urubyiruko-rwu-rwanda-20-000-rurafashwa-kuba-inzobere-mu-ikoranabuhanga/ Ijambo *amahirwe* rifite umwanya ukomeye mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda, rikaba rikoreshwa mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuzima harimo akazi, imyidagaduro, imyizerere, ndetse n’ubukungu. Mu Cyerekezo cy’igihugu cya 2050, amahirwe mu ikoranabuhanga n’ubumenyi ni kimwe mu byitezweho gufungura inzira z’ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi.] == Ijambo "amahirwe" mu mivugo n’imvugo z’imigani == *'''Imigani n’imvugo:''' ** "Amahirwe y’undi siyo yawe" – Bivuga ko buri wese afite igihe cye n’inzira ye. ** "Amahirwe ntasimbuka kabiri" – Bivuga ko igihe cy’amahirwe iyo kije kigomba gukoreshwa neza, kuko kitagaruka kenshi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://greenfund.rw/kin/adaptation |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-11-18 |archive-date=2024-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241014201530/https://greenfund.rw/kin/adaptation |url-status=dead }}</ref> ** <nowiki>''Amahirwe aza rimwe mubuzima''</nowiki>_ Bivuga ko amahirwe iyo utayafatiranye harigihe ataharuka.<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/amahirwe-yishoramari-nubucuruzi </ref> == Ibitekerezo bijyanye n’ijambo amahirwe: == * Amahirwe ntiyizana gusa, akenshi arategurwa.<ref>https://www.minicom.gov.rw/news-detail/amahirwe-yo-guhabwa-igishoro-kuri-ba-rwiyemezamirimo-burubyiruko-nabagore-bakora-ubucuruzi-buciriritse-bwambukiranya-imipaka</ref> * Amahirwe meza ajyana n’akazi, ubushishozi, no gutekereza mbere yo gukora. === Mu ncamake: === {| class="wikitable" !Ijambo !Amahariwe |- |Ubwoko |Izina ry'ikinyarwanda (mu bwinshi) |- |Ibisobanuro |Ibyiza umuntu abonye, umugisha |- |Rikoreshwa mu |Ubuzima bwa buri munsi, imyizerere, imivugo |} ==== ''Amashakiro'' ==== 14xfd9mp52qqg4fgnagqpg2o4ffyxsi 0 18529 136768 126376 2026-09-14T13:05:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136768 wikitext text/x-wiki Ish Kevin yagizwe umuraperi wa mbere mwiza wo mu [[Rwanda]] w’icyumweru ku isi yose na Radiyo yo mu [[Bufaransa]] yitwa Mouv’, iri mu zikomeye muri iki gihugu giherereye ku mugabane w’u [[Burayi]].<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/akari-ku-mutima-wa-ish-kevin-wagizwe-umuraperi-wa-mbere-ku-isi-na-radiyo</ref> Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] yahawe uyu mwanya asimbuye Olamide wo muri Nigeria wari uherutse gutorwa n’iyi radiyo, mu kiganiro gikorwa na Dj First Mike. Mu kiganiro yagiranye na IGIHE Ish Kevin yavuze ko nta ruhare yagize kugira ngo iyi radiyo imenye umuziki we, ahubwo ari ugukora cyane bikomeje kuwumenyekanisha ahantu hose kandi urugendo rugikomeje. Yavuze ko yatunguwe ubwo yabonaga iyi [[Radiyo]] izi ibihangano ndetse n’amateka ye mu muziki. Yagaragaje ko bivuze ikintu kinini mu muziki Nyarwanda, kandi bikaba byerekana ko ukomeje gutera imbere kandi ntaho utazagera. Ati ‘‘Bivuze ko ngomba gukora cyane. Ko nta hantu tutazagera. Binyereka ko umuziki wanjye uzambuka imipaka ukagera aho ntekereza ko uzagera. Ni ibintu bikomeye kuba ikinyamakuru nka Mouv’, cyampaye icyubahiro nk’umuraperi mwiza ku isi ukomoka muri Afurika. Ni iby’agaciro.’’ Akomeza ati ‘‘Ibi byose bizashoboka ariko mu gihe Abanyarwanda bakomeza gushyigikira umuziki wacu umunsi ku wundi bakabona ko wakwambuka imipaka bakatwizera. Bakabona amashusho atandukanye n’ayo batubonamo. Batubonemo icyizere.’’<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/akari-ku-mutima-wa-ish-kevin-wagizwe-umuraperi-wa-mbere-ku-isi-na-radiyo </ref> Ish Kevin ku mazina asanzwe yitwa Semana Kevin Ishimwe. Yavutse mu 1997, ni umwe mu bahanzi bari kwitwara neza mu muziki wa Hip Hop ndetse araharawe cyane cyane ku bakoresha imbugankoranyambaganka boom music spotfy youtube . Uyu muhanzi [[umuziki]] wa Trap Music akora yawuhaye inyito ya “Trappish Music’’. Ish Kevin yatangiye umuziki mu 2017, amaze gukora indirimbo nyinshi zitandukanye. Avuga ko afite gahunda y’uko namara kugera kure azafasha abandi bahanzi bazaba batarazamuka ndetse aheruka gushinga studio yise Trappish Studio mu rwego rwo gufasha bagenzi be. Mouv’ yamuhaye icyubahiro nk’umuraperi mwiza ku isi , ni radiyo imaze igihe kinini cyane ko yatangiye imirimo yayo guhera mu 1997. Iyi radiyo ikora ibiganiro byibanda ku rubyiruko. Ni ishami rya [[Radio]] [[France]] iri mu zimaze igihe kinini yarashinze imizi mu Bufaransa riherereye mu Mujyi wa Toulouse. == Amashakiro == il3nhbf178h89ezysl1p56bamfdhja5 0 18535 136916 126380 2026-09-14T13:08:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136916 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Q638_noun_23486_ccIlsurAptukov_music.svg|thumb|music]] Umuhanzi Ishimwe Semana Kevin Uzwinka Ish kevin Uyu muraperi wahaye imiririmbire ye inyito ya ‘Trappish Music’ ari kubarizwa mu mujyi wa Nairobi muri Kenya aho agiye kumara igihe agira amasomo atandukanye akurikirana mu muziki we ndetse no kwamamaza ibikorwa bye akazagira imishinga imwe n’imwe azakorana n’abahanzi bo muri icyo gihugu. Uyu muraperi w’imyaka 27 yaherukaga gusangiza abakunzi ba [[muzika]] EP (Extended Play) yise ’Long way Up’ ikubiyeho indirimbo eshanu yaje ndetse akaba ari gutegura album yise ‘Blood, Sweat &Tears’. == Uruzinduko rwa ish kevn muri Kenya == === Kwiga umuziki === Ku wa gatatu, tariki ya 16 Kanama, uyu musore nibwo yageze mu murwa mukuru wa Kenya, aho afite imishinga myinshi ya muzika ateganya gukorana na bamwe mu bahanzi bakomeye bo muri iki gihugu. Ish Kevin avuga ko kubera urwego umuziki wa Kenya uriho ugereranyije n’uw’u [[Rwanda]] hari amasomo menshi yiteze kwigira kuri uru rugendo rwe muri iki gihugu. [[Dosiye:Op27_1_seg_mov.png|thumb|amanota ya muzika ]] Ati:”Iki gihugu iyo bigeze ku muziki, hari ibihugu byinshi kiri imbere hano ku mugabane wa Afurika.” Uyu musore avuga kandi ko hari amasomo y’umuziki y’igihe gito azakurikiranira muri Kenya. Ish Kevin wakunzwe mu ndirimbo ‘Amakosi’ uretse amasomo ateganya kwigira muri Kenya, azakorana [[indirimbo]] na bamwe mu bahanzi baho bari kuzamuka neza mu muziki wa rap, nka Boutross na Buruklyn Boyz. Hagati aho, ageze kure imyiteguro yo kumurika album ya mbere yise ‘Blood, Sweat &Tears’ ikubiyeho ingorane z’ubuzima yanyuzemo agitangira umuziki kugeza n’ubu. Iyi album ikazagararagaraho indirimbo yakoranye n’abandi bahanzi bo ku mugabane wa [[Afurika]] b’amazina akomeye nka AV na Singah. Iyi alubumu izakurikira EP (Extended Play) zirimo iyo yaherukaga gushyira hanze yise ‘Long Way Up’ na ‘Trappish 1’, Mixtape yise ‘Trappish 2’ yagaragayemo abahanzi bakomeye nka Ycee wo muri [[Nigeria]] ndetse n’indi yise ‘Drill Movement I.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ish-kevin-yerekeje-muri-kenya-gukarishya-ubumenyi-mu-muziki</ref> === Amashakiro === nb7c9zs2k8bjyc1rkcyv7szu15yf0ne 0 18536 137063 135273 2026-09-14T13:12:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137063 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ni ibiki biboneka mu karere ka Rwamagana by'umwihariko == * Mu karere ka Rwamagana habonekamo ibintu binyuranye kandi bifitiye igihugu akamaro harimo nk'ikigo cya * polisi(ahatangirwa amasoma ya polisi),twavugama nk'indabo.ikibuga cya gorufe(golf playground),ikiyaga.ndetse n'amahoteri[[Dosiye:Police_of_Rwanda_training_school_Gishari.jpg|thumb|Police of Rwanda training school Gishari-Rwamagana |416x416px]] == 1. ikigo cya polisi cy'i Gishari == == Ni ikigo giherereye muri aka karere mu murenge wagishari iyo uturika mu murwa mukuru w'igihugu cyacu unyura nyagasambu ugakomeza mu kabuga ka Musha ,ukagera Intunga uterera amaso ku ruganda rukora amaferabeto rwa mwulire ugakomeza ukagera ku gasoko kwa Manuel umanuka wikoza kwa Karangara maze ukagera mubyimana aha uhasanga ihuriro ry'imihanda maze ugamanukaho gato ugahira ukatira ibumoso ujya ku murenge wa gishari aho iki kigo giherereye ugakomeza uwo muhanda ukugeza neza mu marembo yicyo kiga harangwa nuko uhasanga icyapa kikubwira ngo murakaza neza mu kigo cya polisi haka hahugurirwa abashaka buba abapolisi giteye ubuzu ndakigukumbuje kuzagisura ukirebera aho abaturindira mutekana babarizwa<ref name=":0">https://police.gov.rw/rw/ahabanza/amashuri-ya-polisi/ishuri-ryigisha-abapolisi-gishari/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/tujyanye-muri-pts-gishari-ahatangirira-urugendo-rwo-gutoza-no-gukarishya</ref> == == 2. Aho bahinga indabo hazwi nko muri NAEB muri Rwamagana == == Nkuko twabivuze haruguru muri rwamagana hari ahantu hahinga indabo zifitiye == [[Dosiye:Lake_Muhazi_part_of_Rwamagana.jpg|thumb|Lake Muhazi part of Rwamagana]] == akamoro igihugu ndatse nabaturiye aho hantu kuko igihugu kigemura indabo mu mahanga tukabona amadevise kandi nabaturage babona imirimo bakiteza imbere . Mubyukuri n'ikigao kizwi nka "Bella Flower ' ariko mbre yuko cyitwa iri zina cyitwaga muri NAEB Kavumuubundi kandi bakahita gasutamo.haba indabo nziza cyane ibimenya neza iyo ari kuri mutagatifu Valentin idabo ziba zicicikana kuri uwo munsi zose ziba zaturutse ikavumu.Nanone kandi ngagirango tutemberere muri bella flower iyo uturitse ikigari naho unyura i Kabuga ukinjira mumarembo ya Rwamagana ariyo Nyagasabumbu ukameza uwo muhanda ukagera mu Kabuga ka Musha uterera agasozi ka Ntunga no ku gasoko ngo ba uhita umanuka ako gasozi ujya ku ruganda ruko fera beto rwa Mwurile maze ugakomeza no kugasoko ka Manuel iyo uhageze ukomereza kwa Karangara maze ugakata mukaboko k'ibumoso ugakomeza uwo muhanda mbere yuko ugera mu bella == [[Dosiye:Rwamagamana.jpg|thumb|Rwamagamana]] == flower utangira kubonao ibitaro bya Ruhunda amashuri nka Ecole Secondaire de Muhazi na GS Ruhunda ku ruhunda rw'uwo muhanda ndetse nudusantere twa Ruhunda kw'isoko ndetse na kavumu duherereye mu murenge wa Gishari iyo ugeze ikavumu uba wingira ahatangiriye ibikorwa bya Bella fLower uhabwirwa nuko uhabona umazu bahingamo indabo azwi kw'izina rya green house ndetse n;abakozi baba bacicikana bakorerama imirimo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=24&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=838&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=24&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=3&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2021&cHash=37d6855ea18595cbbb7dfc4750da98cf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521124718/https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=24&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=838&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=24&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=3&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2021&cHash=37d6855ea18595cbbb7dfc4750da98cf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bellaflowers.rw/about-us/article/about-us |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-21 |archive-date=2024-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525120936/https://bellaflowers.rw/about-us/article/about-us |url-status=dead }}</ref> == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} mphhmgzs8bzz3mvwi0fqzvd18gcoaq4 0 18566 136986 135375 2026-09-14T13:10:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136986 wikitext text/x-wiki == Derrick Don Dvin == DERRICK DON DIVIN umunyarwanda usubiramo [[indirimbo]] z'akarahanyuze (karahanyuze ni indirimbo zo hambere zabaga zirimo ubutumwa bwihariye bw'uje ikeshamvugo,inama,ndetse nimpanuro z'akibyeyi ziranga abanyarwanda. yahoze ari umu" dj",cyangwa bano bavanga imiziki mu bigo bitandukanye harimo TTC SAVE na BYIMANA school of sciences. ariko ubungubu akora imiziki kugiti cye,akaba yaratangiye mu mwaka wa 2021 yatangiye akorana n'abandi bagiye batandukanye barimo ,ALVIZ ORGAN FROM ALVIZ PICTURES, uyu musore ni umwe mubagira uruhare muguteza imbere umuco gakondo w'abanyarwanda abinyujije mu ndirimbo za gakondo ,ingero twavugamo GIKUNDIRO,BY FRANCOIS NKURUNZIZA NIZINDI NYINSHI. nkuko babivuga mu kinyarwanda ngo agahugu katagira umuco karacika ,ariko mu [[rwanda]] ibyo ntibikiriho bifashijwemo n'urubyiruko rukomeza gukoresha gakondo bityo bigasubiza urwanda isura nziza kuruhando mpuza mahanga,ryo kuba ari igihugu gihuriye kururimi rumwe ndetse n'umuco umwe wa [[kinyarwanda]].<ref>NEWTIMES.CO.RW</ref> == Rumaga Junior == Umusizi ukora ibisigo,ibisingizo ndetse n'indirimbo gakondo birimo ikesha mvugo gitangaje cyane kuri rwa rwego umunyamahanga utazi neza ikinyarwanda atabasha gusesengura ubutumwa atanga nicyo ageregeza gusobanura,ibyo byose biteza imbere igihugu kuruhando mpuzamahanga ,bigakurura ba mu kerera rugendo bakaza kwihera akajisho no kwitegera amatwi ibyo byiza byose,ingero zibisigo by'uyumusizi twavugamo,mazi ya nyanja,mawe,rudahinyuka n'ibindi byinshi . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2ubiziazu2kwwzfjl4ply5ey6558kh5 0 18611 136769 133360 2026-09-14T13:05:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136769 wikitext text/x-wiki == 1.Urubyiruko n'iki == [[Dosiye:Youth in action for green rwanda.jpg|thumb|317x317px]] Urubyiruko ni umuntu uri hagati y'umwaka 1 kugeza ku myaka 35 yaba umuhungu cyangwa umukobwa kandi nanone akenshi na kenshi baba bafite imbaraga zo kubaka igihugu cyababyaye bakagiteza imbere<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urubyiruko_mu_Rwanda&veaction=edit</ref> == Ibikorwa by'urubyiruko mu Rwanda == Urubyiruko rukora ibikorwa byinshi twavuamo nk'ibikorwa byo mu ikoranamuhanga, mu burezi ,mu utekano ndetse n'ibindi: Mu ikoranabuhanga twavugamo ka hari urubiruko rufite ubucuruzi bwo kuri murandasi ribingiriza amafaranga naho mu bureze ha urubyiruko rurahari ku bwinshi aho rufatanya n'Imana kurera ,barerera igihugu kandi bakiteza imbere bateza imbere igihugu naho mu mutekano ho ntawasidikanya ko mu ngabo z'u == Rwanda abenshi ari urubyiruka ngaho muri Mozambique, Centrafrica nahandi urwo rubyiruko rw'igihugu ruhitwara neza rugatahanaa intsinzi murumva rero ko ibikorwa by'urubyiruko rufitiye igihugu akamaro gakomeye ndetse n'isi muri rusange<ref>[https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Urubyiruko-rusagaibihumbi-8-rwitabiriye-ibikorwa-byurugerero-ruciye-ingando https://www.rb][https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-whttps://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha][https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Urubyiruko-rusagaibihumbi-8-rwitabiriye-ibikorwa-byurugerero-ruciye-ingando a.co.rw/post/Urubyiruko-rusagaibihumbi-8-rwitabiriye-ibikorwa-byurugerero-ruciye-ingando]</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/mu-rwanda-hatangije-igikorwa-cyurubyiruko-cyiswe-generation-unlimited/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-23 |archive-date=2024-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523115737/https://panorama.rw/mu-rwanda-hatangije-igikorwa-cyurubyiruko-cyiswe-generation-unlimited/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == == amashakiro == 0d0qejeq11ks8xzukatooee4plhiqzz 0 18634 136917 105566 2026-09-14T13:08:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136917 wikitext text/x-wiki = Leta n’abikorera bararebera hamwe uko bakemura ikibazo cy’ubushomeri mu rubyiruko = <u>UBUSHOMERI MU RUBYIRUKO</u> Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe iterambere ry’urubyiruko, Tetero Solange, avuga ko hari impamvu nyinshi zitera ubushomeri mu rubyiruko. Ati “Hari ibiterwa n’uko ubukungu buhagaze mu gihugu, kuba hatari ubushobozi bwinshi cyane ku buryo tubasha guhanga imirimo igera kuri buri Munyarwanda, ibyo bishingira ku kuba u Rwanda ari Igihugu kiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.” Akomeza avuga ko urubyiruko rukwiye gushaka ubushobozi butuma ruhangana n’abandi ku isoko ry’umurimo. Agira ati: “Urubyiruko rusabwa kwiga bakaba bafite ubushobozi bukenewe ku isoko ry’umurimo. Hari urubyiruko rutize ngo rube rufite ubushobozi bwabafasha kugera ku isoko ry’umurimo, bahite babona akazi, cyangwa se bagera ku isoko ry’umurimo bagasanga ibyo bize ntibihura n’ibikenewe akaba yashoma kandi yarize, cyangwa ugasanga hari abandi bashaka umurimo nk’uwo ashaka bigasaba ko habaho guhangana, utsinze akaba ari we uhabwa akazi.” Tetero avuga ko hari gahunda zagiyeho zigamije gufasha urubyiruko kubona igishoro, kwiga, ndetse hari gahunda igiye kongerwamo ingufu yo gufasha Abanyarwanda kujya gukora mu bindi bihugu n’izindi gahunda nyinshi zigamije gufasha urubyiruko. Yagize ati: “Hari imishinga ifasha urubyiruko kubona igishoro, nahera kuri BDF (ikigega gitera inkunga imishinga y’iterambere), ni hamwe tugeza amafaranga yo gufasha urubyiruko, ariko hari n’inkunga zigenda zitangwa, zaba iza Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko nka YouthConnekt Awards, hari Hanga Pitchfest ya MINICT (Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo), bafasha urubyiruko rufite imishinga mu ikoranabuhanga kubona igishoro, hari n’izindi porogaramu zifasha urubyiruko kubona amahirwe.” Muri gahunda zashyiriweho gufasha urubyiruko kubona igishoro harimo BDF, aho Leta yemera kurwishingira 75% na rwo rukishakira 25%. Urubyiruko rurasabwa gushaka amakuru kuko hari amahirwe atandukanye arugenewe kandi rukirinda gucika intenge kuko amahirwe ahari. Tetero ati: “Nubwo hari ikibazo cy’ubushomeri, ntabwo ari ibintu bidashoboka gukemuka, nta mpamvu yo gucika intege, birasaba guhaguruka bagakomanga imiryango myinshi, amahirwe arahari bakomeze bayashake ntibarangare.” Imibare yo mu gitabo cy’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (Statistical Year Book 2023), igaragaza ko ubushomeri bwazamutse mu Rwanda, buva kuri 18.7% mu mwaka 2018 bugera kuri 25.6% muri 2022. U Rwanda rushyira imbaraga mu kuzamura inzego zose mu bukungu, kandi bigabanya ubushomeri mu byiciro bitandukanye. Guhera mu gihembwe cya gatatu cy’umwaka wa 2023 (Season B 2023), umusaruro w’ubuhinzi wariyongereye ugera ku kigero cya 3%. Umusaruro w’ibiribwa wo wazamutse ku kigero cya 3,4% muri iki gihembwe. Ku wa 13 Gashyantare 2024, mu kiganiro Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Edouard Ngirente, yagejeje ku Nteko Ishinga amategeko, imitwe yombi, ku byagezweho na guverinoma muri gahunda yo kuzahura ubukungu nyuma y’icyorezo cya covid-19, yagarutse ku mirimo mishya yahanzwe. Ati: “Iri zamuka tubonye mu bukungu ryajyanye no guhanga imirimo mishya. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2021 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2023 hamaze guhangwa imirimo mishya isaga 590,000. Aha nabibutsa ko gahunda ya Guverinoma yari guhanga nibura imirimo mishya 200,000 buri mwaka.” Ikibazo cy’ubushomeri ntabwo kiri mu Rwanda gusa. Mu mwaka wa 2022, ubushomeri mu rubyiruko bwari kuri 15.58% ku Isi. Mu rubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 15-24 muri Afurika, abangana na 11.2% ni abashomeri muri uyu mwaka 2024.mubyukuri reta y[urwanda yafashe ingamba zo kurwanya ubushomeri muri izo twavugamo nko kwigisha urubyiruko uko rwa kwihangira imirimo kurusha gutega amaboko reta.<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/leta-n-abikorera-bararebera-hamwe-uko-bakemura-ikibazo-cy-ubushomeri-mu-rubyiruko https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/leta-n-abikorera-bararebera-hamwe-uko-bakemura-ikibazo-cy-ubushomeri-mu-rubyirukohttps://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/leta-n-abikorera-bararebera-hamwe-uko-bakemura-ikibazo-cy-ubushomeri-mu-rubyiruko]</ref> === Menya umwanditsi === Jean Bosco Niyonteze Umunyeshuri wimenyereza umwuga w’itangazamakuru Reba inkuru zose nanditse ( 53 ) = Ibitekerezo   ( 2 ) = Nibyiza cyane. iyi nkuru rwose iranonosoye pe: inyigo, impamvu, ibiriho n’ibyitezwe birimo neza. ikindi kandi yanditse mu kinyarwanda cy’umwimerere. ibi bifasha buri mu Nyarwanda kuba yayisoma. Shyiramo imabraga urimo neza pe! '''Samuel SEMANYENZI''' yanditse ku itariki ya: 28-03-2024  →  MusubizeV = Leta n’abikorera bararebera hamwe uko bakemura ikibazo cy’ubushomeri mu rubyiruko = Yanditswe na JEAN BOSCO NIYONTEZE 27-03-2024 - 20:34'    |     Ibitekerezo ( 2 ) Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe iterambere ry’urubyiruko, Tetero Solange, avuga ko hari impamvu nyinshi zitera ubushomeri mu rubyiruko. Ati “Hari ibiterwa n’uko ubukungu buhagaze mu gihugu, kuba hatari ubushobozi bwinshi cyane ku buryo tubasha guhanga imirimo igera kuri buri Munyarwanda, ibyo bishingira ku kuba u Rwanda ari Igihugu kiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.” Akomeza avuga ko urubyiruko rukwiye gushaka ubushobozi butuma ruhangana n’abandi ku isoko ry’umurimo. Agira ati: “Urubyiruko rusabwa kwiga bakaba bafite ubushobozi bukenewe ku isoko ry’umurimo. Hari urubyiruko rutize ngo rube rufite ubushobozi bwabafasha kugera ku isoko ry’umurimo, bahite babona akazi, cyangwa se bagera ku isoko ry’umurimo bagasanga ibyo bize ntibihura n’ibikenewe akaba yashoma kandi yarize, cyangwa ugasanga hari abandi bashaka umurimo nk’uwo ashaka bigasaba ko habaho guhangana, utsinze akaba ari we uhabwa akazi.” Tetero avuga ko hari gahunda zagiyeho zigamije gufasha urubyiruko kubona igishoro, kwiga, ndetse hari gahunda igiye kongerwamo ingufu yo gufasha Abanyarwanda kujya gukora mu bindi bihugu n’izindi gahunda nyinshi zigamije gufasha urubyiruko. Yagize ati: “Hari imishinga ifasha urubyiruko kubona igishoro, nahera kuri BDF (ikigega gitera inkunga imishinga y’iterambere), ni hamwe tugeza amafaranga yo gufasha urubyiruko, ariko hari n’inkunga zigenda zitangwa, zaba iza Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko nka YouthConnekt Awards, hari Hanga Pitchfest ya MINICT (Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo), bafasha urubyiruko rufite imishinga mu ikoranabuhanga kubona igishoro, hari n’izindi porogaramu zifasha urubyiruko kubona amahirwe.” Muri gahunda zashyiriweho gufasha urubyiruko kubona igishoro harimo BDF, aho Leta yemera kurwishingira 75% na rwo rukishakira 25%. Urubyiruko rurasabwa gushaka amakuru kuko hari amahirwe atandukanye arugenewe kandi rukirinda gucika intenge kuko amahirwe ahari. Tetero ati: “Nubwo hari ikibazo cy’ubushomeri, ntabwo ari ibintu bidashoboka gukemuka, nta mpamvu yo gucika intege, birasaba guhaguruka bagakomanga imiryango myinshi, amahirwe arahari bakomeze bayashake ntibarangare.” Imibare yo mu gitabo cy’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (Statistical Year Book 2023), igaragaza ko ubushomeri bwazamutse mu Rwanda, buva kuri 18.7% mu mwaka 2018 bugera kuri 25.6% muri 2022. U Rwanda rushyira imbaraga mu kuzamura inzego zose mu bukungu, kandi bigabanya ubushomeri mu byiciro bitandukanye. Guhera mu gihembwe cya gatatu cy’umwaka wa 2023 (Season B 2023), umusaruro w’ubuhinzi wariyongereye ugera ku kigero cya 3%. Umusaruro w’ibiribwa wo wazamutse ku kigero cya 3,4% muri iki gihembwe. Ku wa 13 Gashyantare 2024, mu kiganiro Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Edouard Ngirente, yagejeje ku Nteko Ishinga amategeko, imitwe yombi, ku byagezweho na guverinoma muri gahunda yo kuzahura ubukungu nyuma y’icyorezo cya covid-19, yagarutse ku mirimo mishya yahanzwe. Ati: “Iri zamuka tubonye mu bukungu ryajyanye no guhanga imirimo mishya. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2021 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2023 hamaze guhangwa imirimo mishya isaga 590,000. Aha nabibutsa ko gahunda ya Guverinoma yari guhanga nibura imirimo mishya 200,000 buri mwaka.” Ikibazo cy’ubushomeri ntabwo kiri mu Rwanda gusa. Mu mwaka wa 2022, ubushomeri mu rubyiruko bwari kuri 15.58% ku Isi. Mu rubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 15-24 muri Afurika, abangana na 11.2% ni abashomeri muri uyu mwaka 2024. 0 0 0 0 0 0 === Menya umwanditsi === Jean Bosco Niyonteze Umunyeshuri wimenyereza umwuga w’itangazamakuru Reba inkuru zose nanditse ( 53 ) = Ibitekerezo   ( 2 ) = Nibyiza cyane. iyi nkuru rwose iranonosoye pe: inyigo, impamvu, ibiriho n’ibyitezwe birimo neza. ikindi kandi yanditse mu kinyarwanda cy’umwimerere. ibi bifasha buri mu Nyarwanda kuba yayisoma. Shyiramo imabraga urimo neza pe! '''Samuel SEMANYENZI''' yanditse ku itariki ya: 28-03-2024  →  Musubize 9gammpgqd4s5hxcf7tedicwlfnabj2o 0 18658 137104 105630 2026-09-14T13:17:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137104 wikitext text/x-wiki == ''Rwamagana akarere ka karindwi mutugize intara y'iburasirazuba,umurwa wako karere akaba ari kigabiro,rwamagana ni kamwe muturere turangwa n'isuku cyane byumwihariko mu karere ka RWAMAGANA niho hantu dusanga intara ndetse n'ibiro bya karere muri rusange,ibyo rero nikimwe mubimenyetso biha amahirwe akarere ka rwamagana amahirwe yo gusa neza bitewe n'amategeko ndetse n'amabwiriza ashyirwaho n'akarere bikomatanyije n'intara muri rusange,ubukangura mbaga kw'isuku n'isukura no gukoresha amazi asukuye bwashyizwemo imbaraga n'akarere ndetse nabafatanya bikorwa batandukanye harimo,imiryango mpuzamahanga y'abanyamerika(world vision) ndetse na USAID UBAKA EJO,ubwo bukangurambaga bwatangiye tariki ya 06/08/2019,butangirira mu murenge wa nzige,bugamije kwimakaza isuku ndetse n'umutekano mu karere.'' == == ''Iterambere ry'isuku mu karere'' == Mu mwaka w'ibihumbi bibiri na makumyabiri na kabiri (2022)mu karere ka rwamagana hashyizwe amabwiriza avuga ko inyubako zose z'ubucuruzi zigomba kuzengurutswa amakaro murwego rwogusigasira isura nziza y'umugi ,ibyo byashyizwe mubikorwa umugi usa neza cyane,hashyirwamo ibimoteri bijugunywamo imyanda kumuhanda,ndetse ahanini ikoreshwa ry'amasashi riracibwa kuko ,amasashi ni kimwe mubikoresho bitabora(non biodegradeble waste), bishora kuramba igihe kinini mubutaka bikaba byakwangiza ubutaka mugihe cyo guhinga ndetse nigihe atwitswe akaba yakwangiza ikirere tutibagiye ni kiremwa .<ref>www.rwamagana.gov.rw</ref> == Ibikorwa byakozwe muguteza isku imbere muri Rwamagana == Mu murenge wa muhazi wa karere ka rwamagana havuguruwe ivomo rusange ry'amazi meza aturuka mu musozi iryo vomo riherereye mu kagari ka kagarama icyo gikorwa kiba cyaratewe inkunga n'umuryango udaharanira inyungu wa USAID UBAKA EJO murwego rwo gusangiza amazi meza abaturage ndetse no kugirango barwanye indwara zikomoka kumwanda ,uterwa no gukoresha amazi adasukuye twavugamo cholera,amacinya n'izindi,ibyo bikaba byarafashije abaturage begereye uwo mugezi mugukoresha amazi asukuye no kurwanya ahanini indwara zikomoka kumwanda,wo gukoresha amazi adasukuye.si ibyo gusa kuko ubuyobozi bwashyize imbaraga mu kwegeza abaturage ibikoresho b'yisuku y'umusarane bana bakangurira kugira ubwiherero bufite isuku kuko nkuko tubizi ,iyo umusarane uramutse udafite niho hantu hambere handurira indwa zikomeye zanageza k'urupfu byumwihariko kubana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu,ni muri urwo rwego muwi 2018 hatangijwe ubukangurambaga bwo kugira ubwiherero bufite isuku ndetse bufite kandagira ukarabe .<ref>Amahoronews.com</ref> == Umutekano muri Rwamagana ni wose == Umutekano ni imwe munkingi y'iterambere munzego zose z'ubuzima ,muri urwo rwego akarere ndetse ninzego z'umutekano bifanyiriza hamwe mu kwimakaza no kwigisha abanyeshuri ,uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha umuhanda hagamijwe mukwirinda impanuka zo mu muhanda ,no gusigasira ubuzima bwiza bwabatuye muri uwo mugi cyangwa muri ako karere. 19p6734inlkf0ewi06wc7vtar2gzx5a 0 18808 136881 136029 2026-09-14T13:07:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136881 wikitext text/x-wiki Inteko y'Umuco ni kimwe mu bigo bya Leta mu [[Rwanda]] cyashyizweho n'Iteka rya Perezida nomero 082/01 ryo ku wa 28/08/2020 kugira ngo kibungabunge umurage w’Igihugu kandi kirinde ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda, umuco n’indangangaciro zawo nk’umusingi w’ubumwe n’agaciro by[[Abanyarwanda|’Abanyawanda]] .<ref name=":0">[https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/default-title/ikigo, https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/default-title/ikigo,]</ref> == Inshingano == Kuva Inteko y'Umuco yashyirwaho mu mwaka wa 2020 yahawe inshingano cumi n'icyenda (19) zikubiye mu nkingi eshanu (5) ari na zo zinyuzwamo ibikorwa bijyanye no kubungabunga umurage ndangamuco, kurengera ururimi rw'[[Ikinyarwanda]], guteza imbere umuco n'indangagaciro, serivisi z'Inkoranyabitabo n'Ishinguranyandiko ndetse no guteza imbere inganda ndangamuco. N'ubwo mu ntango Inteko y'Umuco yari ifite izi nshingano zose, ijyanye no guteza imbere ubuhanzi yaje kwimurirwa muri Minisiteri y'Urubyiruko yitwa Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Iterambere ry’Ubuhanzi nyuma y'icyemezo cyatangajwe na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda ku wa 14 Ukuboza 2023, bikanasohoka mu Igazeti ya Leta n° 20 Bis yo ku wa 13/05/2024.<ref name=":1">https://www.minijust.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=98526&token=daa9ad34dca930434fdf9591f0779915478fa2b9</ref> == Amateka == Inteko y'Umuco yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2020 ihurizwamo ibigo bitatu (3): Ikigo cy'Ingoro z'Igihugu z'Umurage w'u Rwanda, Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco ndetse n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishizwe Serivisi z'Ishyinguranyandiko n'Inkoranyabitabo. Kuva mu 2020, Inteko y'Umuco yabaye Ikigo gishamikiye kuri Minisiteri y'Urubyiruko n'Umuco. Mu 2023, inshingano z'umuco zimuriwe muri Minisiteri y'Ubumwe bw'abanyarwanda n'inshingano mboneragihugu, MINUBUMWE mu mpine, maze Inteko y'Umuco na yo ihita iba Ikigo gishamikiye kuri iyo Minisiteri.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imigabo-n-imigambi-ya-minisitiri-dr-utumatwishima-ku-guteza-imbere-ubuhanzi</ref> == Amashami == Igishingwa, Inteko y'Umuco yari ifite amashami atanu (5): Ishami rishinzwe Kubungabunga Ururimi n'Umuco, Ishami rishinzwe Imicungire y'[[Urutonde rw'Inzu Ndangamurage mu Rwanda|Ingoro]] z'umurage 8 n'ahantu ndangamurage cyangwa ndangamateka, Ishami rishinzwe Serivisi z'Ishyinguranyandiko ry'Igihugu, Ishami rishinzwe [[Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu cy'u Rwanda|Serivisi z'Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu]] ndetse n'Ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere inganda ndangamuco.<ref name=":0" /> Nyuma yo kwimurira inshingano z'ubuhanzi muri Minisiteri y'urubyiruko mu mwaka wa 2023, ishami rishinzwe inganda ngangamuco ryahise ryimurirwa muri iyo Minisiteri. Bivuze ko guhera muri uwo mwaka, ubu Inteko y'Umuco ifite amashami ane (4).<ref name=":0" /> == Ubuyobozi == Nyuma yo gushingwa, Inteko y'Umuco yahawe inzego eshatu zifite inshingano zitandukanye: Inama y’Ubuyobozi, Inama Nkuru y’Ururimi n’Umuco (igizwe n’abantu cumi na batanu (15) bitwa Intiti bagira manda y’imyaka itanu (5) ishobora kongerwa inshuro imwe) ndetse n'Urwego Nshingwabikorwa (rugizwe n’Intebe y’Inteko, rushobora kandi kugira n’Intebe y’Inteko Yungirije). Kuva mu 2020, Inteko y'Umuco iyoborwa n'Intebe y'Inteko (Umuyobozi mukuru) Ambasaderi MASOZERA MUTANGUHA Robert. Intebe y'Inteko yungirije (Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije) wa mbere kuva Ikigo cyashingwa ni ushinzwe Kubungabunga no Guteza imbere Ururimi n'Umuco ni Bwana UWIRINGIYIMANA Jean-Claude.<ref name=":0" /> == Isoko y’ibiri muri iyi nyandiko == 1. Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe no 017/03 ryo ku wa 10/05/2024 rigena intego, inshingano n’imbonerahamwe y’imyanya y’imirimo bya Minisiteri y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu<ref name=":1" />, 2. Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe no 018/03 ryo ku wa 10/05/2024 rigena intego, inshingano n’imbonerahamwe y’imyanya y’imirimo bya Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Iterambere ry’Ubuhanzi.<ref name=":2">https://www.minijust.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=98526&token=daa9ad34dca930434fdf9591f0779915478fa2b9</ref> 3. Umwaka wa 59, Igazeti ya Leta n° Idasanzwe yo ku wa 04/09/2020 , Itegeko N° 011/2020 ryo ku wa 28/08/2020 rikuraho Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco / Iteka rya Perezida N° 082/01 ryo ku wa 28/08/2020 rishyiraho Inteko y’Umuco, byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2024<ref name=":2" /> === Amashakiro === [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Category:Guverinoma y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibigo byashinzwe mu 2020]] [[Category:Ingoro ndangamurage muri Afurika]] [[Category:Ingoro ndangamurage mu Rwanda]] 56aatnmoahm6sy98l1xx8r1j9qudqjs 0 18829 136947 107589 2026-09-14T13:09:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136947 wikitext text/x-wiki == Igishushanyo mbonera n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka == Igishushanyo mbonera n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu rwego rw'igihugu cyo kugeza mu mwaka wa 2050 igihugu cy'uhaye, bikaba by'aremejwe n' [[Dosiye:Women_and_men_in_northern_Rwanda_work_on_a_public_works_site,_building_terraces_to_prevent_soil_erosion_(8379227773).jpg|thumb|Ubutaka bwagenewe uvuhinzi ]] inama y'aba minisitiri yateranye kuri tariki ya 29 nyakanga 2020 intego yacyo ni ukugaragaza uko ubutaka buzakoreshwa guhera mu mwaka wa 2020 kugeza muri 2050, hakurikijwe ubwiyongere bw'abaturage, Hamwe n'umuvuduko witerambere mu nzego zose ndetse n'intego igihugu kihaye kugeraho muri 2050.<ref>https://www.lands.rw/rw/iyandikisha-ryubutaka</ref> == Ibyo igishushanyo mbonera kiza kemura == Igishushanyombonera cy'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka cyo kurwego rw'igihugu kivuguruye kije gukemura ikibazo k'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka aho urwego rumwe rw'ubuzima bw'igihugu rwakoreshaga ubutaka rutitaye kubutaka urundi rukeneye, muri iki gishushanyombonera buri rwego rw'ubuzima bw'igihugu bwagenewe ubuso bw'ubutaka Muburyo bukurikira.<ref>https://www.lands.rw/rw/iyandikisha-ryubutaka</ref> - Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi 12,433km - Amashyamba : 7,725 km (29.3%) - Imiturire, ibikowa remezo byose hamwe n'imihanda 3,980Km (15.1%) -Amazi, Imbogo zayo hamwe n'ibishanga bikomeye ; 2,200Km (8.5%)<ref>https://www.lands.rw/rw/iyandikisha-ryubutaka</ref> == Amashakiro == 3gicge5i0rf79weicc3f0gfw251vgid 0 18830 136882 120490 2026-09-14T13:07:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136882 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kuzungura == ubundi kuzungura bitangira iyo nyiri umutungo amaze kw'itaba Imana, kikabera aho nyiri ubutaka yabaga, iyo habayeho kuzimira cyangwa kubura izungura ritangizwa n'urubanza rutangaza uwazimiye cyangwa uwapfuye .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/article/ni-ryari-nemerewe-kuzungura-cyangwa-kwamburwa-ubwo-burenganzira</ref> == N'ibande bemerewe ku zungura ? == Mu ngingo ya 53 y'iri tegeko nomero ya 27/2016 ryo kuwa 08/07/2016 rigenda imicungire y'umutungo kamere utimukanywa cyangwa x undi mutungo uwariwo wose w'abashyingiranywe impano n'izungura ,Hateganya ko abahamagariwe kuzungura ari aba bakurikira. Umuntu ushobora kuzungura n'umuntu ukiri muto cyangwa uhagarariwe igihe izungura ryatangiraga, Kimwe n'umwana ukiri muto cyangwa se ukiri munda ya nyina apfa gusa kuvuka akiri muzaima.<ref>https://www.rlrc.gov.rw/news-details/uburyo-izungura-rishingiye-ku-irage-rikorwa</ref> == Impamvu ushobora kwamburwa izungura == Mu ngingo ya 56 y'itegeko rigena imicungire y'umutungo w'abashyingiranywe, Impano n'izungura hateganywa kp hari impamvu zishobora gutuma umuntu yamburwa uburenganzira mu gikorwa cy'izungura.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.legalaidrwanda.org/pdf/modules/Module%20on%20the%20law%20governing%20matrimonial%20regimes,%20donations%20and%20successions.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-09 |archive-date=2024-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709125805/https://www.legalaidrwanda.org/pdf/modules/Module%20on%20the%20law%20governing%20matrimonial%20regimes,%20donations%20and%20successions.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == swgnt8xws4jlpckoc0slp2i7eepwo0v 0 18831 136832 125168 2026-09-14T13:06:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136832 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubutaka bwo Nku nkombe n'umutungo rusange wa Leta == Ubutaka bwo kunkombe n'ibiyaga n'umutungo rusange wa [[Leta ya Kongo Yigenga|Leta]]. nta wemerewe kubukoresha atabiherewe uburenganzira,na minisitiri w'ibidukikije.Minisiteri y'ibidukikije n'ikigo cy'igihugu cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije ([[Rema|REMA]]) bari gukora ubukangura mbaga bugamije kw'ibutsa, abaturarwanda bose ko,bitemewe gushira ibikorwa mu butaka bufatwa nk'ubuhumekero bw'ibiyaga n'imigezi, kuko ari umutungo rusange wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta]]. Ubutaka buri muri metero 50 uvuye ku nkombe z'ibiyagana metero 10 uvuye ku nkombe z'imigezi buri mu mutungo rusange wa Leta,Hashingiwe ku iteka rya Minisitiri no 007/16.01 ryo kuwa 15/07//2010 rigena uburebure bw'ubutaka ku nkombe z'ibiyaga n'imigezi bushyinzwe mu mutungo rusange wa Leta yu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=341&cHash=9f418890779dcd5c55140d7558d8d113 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-09 |archive-date=2023-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211101847/https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=341&cHash=9f418890779dcd5c55140d7558d8d113 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Monnow_river_bank,_Monmouth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2131162.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka bwo kunkombe z'uruzi rwitwa Monnow ]] == Amashakiro == {{reflist}} axo9f8khlyig3dvsgbgtl8qp1ukx0kc 0 18860 137105 106981 2026-09-14T13:17:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137105 wikitext text/x-wiki == . Iteka rya perezida n° 30/01 ryo kuwa 29/06/2007 rigena umubare nyakuri w’imyaka y’ubukode bw’ubutaka == 1° Igihe cy‟ubukode bw‟ubutaka kiri hagati y‟imyaka itatu (3) na mirongo icyenda n‟icyenda (99). 2° Umubare nyakuri w‟imyaka y‟ubukode ugenwa hakurikijwe icyo ubwo   butaka bugenewe        gukoreshwa     n‟amatsinda y‟ubutaka nk‟uko biteganywa n‟ingingo ya 3 n‟iya 5 z‟iri Teka. === Ibyerekeye icyo ubutaka bugenewe gukoreshwa === Ubutaka buvugwa muri iri teka bugenewe gukoreshwa ibi bikurikira: 1° guturwaho; 2° inganda; 3° ubukungu; 4° ubucuruzi; 5° ubuhinzi; 6°ubworozi; 7° amashyamba; 8° ubukerarugendo; 9° Imibereho myiza n‟umuco;  10° ubumenyi n‟ubushakashatsi  11° ibikorwa biri ku butaka bukomye; 12° uburobyi. === Ibyerekeye imyaka nyakuri y’ubukode ku butaka bw’abantu ku giti cyabo === Umubare nyakuri w‟imyaka y‟ubukode bw‟ubutaka bw‟abantu ku giti cyabo ni imyaka mirongo cyenda n‟icyenda (99). Ingingo ya 7: Ibyerekeye imyaka nyakuri y‟ubukode ku butaka buri mu mutungo bwite wa Leta, uw‟Umujyi wa Kigali n‟Uw‟Akarere Imyaka nyakuri y‟ubukode ku butaka bwite bwa Leta, ubw‟Umujyi wa Kigali n‟Ubw‟Akarere igenwe mu buryo bukurikira: 1° Imyaka mirongo ine n‟icyenda (49) ku butaka bugenewe ubuhinzi n‟ubworozi, ubugenewe ubukerarugendo cyangwa ubugenewe guterwaho amashyamba; 2° Imyaka mirongo itatu (30) ku butaka bwite bw‟Akarere bugenewe kubakwaho inganda,inyubako z‟ubukungu n‟ubucuruzi, iz‟imibereho myiza y‟abaturage cyangwa iz‟umuco n‟izubumenyi; 3°Imyaka makumyabili (20) ku butaka : 1. bwite bw‟Akarere bugenewe inyubako zo guturamo; 1. Private District Land designated for residential services; 2. bugenewe ibikorwa ahantu haherereye 4° Imyaka cumi n‟itanu (15) ku butaka buriho amazi akoreshwa mu burobyi bwatangiwe uruhushya ruteganywa mu ngingo ya 9 y‟Itegeko Ngenga rigena uburyo bwo kurengera no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Umuntu utunze ubutaka buvugwa mu gace ka 2° n‟aka 3° tw‟iyi ngingo ashobora guhabwa impapurompamo z‟ubutaka zibumwegurira burundu atagombye gutegereza ko igihe cy‟ubukode kirangira, iyo abisabye kandi akaba yujuje ibiteganywa n‟amategeko yerekeranye n‟iyandikisha ry‟ubutaka. <ref>[[UMUBARE NYAKURI W’IMYAKA Y’UBUKODE BW’UBUTAKA]]</ref> 02wrhatxph2qbr3i2sgh4rm778kjxwi 0 18862 137106 110585 2026-09-14T13:17:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137106 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyarurama_kicukiro_nyarurama.jpg|thumb|uburyo bwo gutera ibiti]] [[Dosiye:Tree_planting_kaduna_state.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti ]] Ku mihanda inyura mu mirima y’abaturage haterwa ibiti bitonona imyaka, intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi ni m 2,5 cyangwa m 3. Ibiti bya Cedrela serrulata, umufu, umuyove, umushwati, acrocarpus fraxinifolius bikunda ubutaka burebure kandi bufite imvura ihagije. Hari ibiti byihanganira izuba nk’imisave, umuhumuro, grevillea, cassia siamea, cassia spectabilis, Ku mihanda ifite inkengero zigizwe n’ubutaka bubi butaberanye n’ubuhinzi, haterwa Jacaranda turipied du Gabon (spathadea campanulata), inturusu, Cypres, Callitris, Filao, Cassia spectabilis Pinus, Acacia melanoxylon. Intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi ni m 2.5 kugeza kuri m 3. Ku misozi [[Dosiye:Imigano_ku_mazi.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti by/Imigano ku mazi]] ihanamye haterwa ibiti bikurikira: Inturusu, Cypres, Pinus, Callitris, Filao, Acacia meranoxylon Acacia mearnsii Ibiti biterwa imbusane [[Dosiye:Gutera_Amashyamba.jpg|thumb|Gutera Amashyamba]] Ku miringoti haterwa ibiti bitonona imyaka, n’iby’imbuto ziribwa, intera ijya hagati y’ibiti bibiri ni m 7. Hagati y’ibiti binini haterwa uduti duto ndumburabutaka nka Calliandra, Lesena, Imiruku, Iminyegenyege cyangwa ibiti byera imbuto ziribwa nk’amacunga, ibinyomoro, amapapaye n’ibindi. Ibiti bitonona imyaka bigomba no guterwa hagati mu mirima ihingwa, intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi ni m 25 cyangwa m 30. Mu nzuri haterwa ibiti binini mu ntera iri hagati ya m 25 na m 30, cyangwa ku ntera nto ya m 1 ku buryo bwa padock (Imisave, Umuhumuro, Grevilleas, Cassia siamea, Cassia spectabilis, Maesopsis Eminii, Imiyenzi, Iminyinya, Imifatangwe hashobora no guterwa ibiti bito bigaburirwa amatungo nka Lesena, Calliandra) === Gufata neza amashyamba === . Gutemera Bisobanura kugabanya ibyatsi ku mpande z’ibiti iyo bimaze kuva ku mezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu bitewe. Gutemera bituma ibyatsi bitabangamira imikurire myiza y’ibiti, inyamaswa zitonona ibiti kandi bikagabanya impanuka z’inkongi z’imiriro AKAMARO K’IBITI BIVANGWA N’IMYAKA Ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka biterwa mu butaka bwagenewe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka byongera imyunyungugu mu butaka, bifata ubutaka, birwanya isuri, bigaburirwa amatungo agakura neza, bitanga ibicanwa, bitanga ifumbire, amafaranga ndetse binakurura imvura, bitanga imihembezo, bitanga igicucu cyo kugamamo izuba. Muri rusange ibi biti bitanga umwuka mwiza duhumeka ndetse binakurura imvura. AKAMARO K’AMASHYAMBA N’IBITI MURI RUSANGE Amashyamba abumbatira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ibimera muri rusange. Amashyamba afite umumaro mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe no guhangana n’amapfa nko mu gihe cy’izuba cyangwa imvura nyishi. Ibiti muri rusange biyungurua umwuka duhumeka, bikurura imvura, bitanga imbaho dukoresha, bitanga ibicanwa, birwanya isuri, indabo zabyo zongera umusaruro w’ubuki. [[Dosiye:Tree_planting_kaduna.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti ]] ishakiro <ref>[[UBURYO BWO GUTERA IBITI NO GUFATA NEZA AMASHYAMBA]]</ref> 4kewrby3j6rgogs1jjvp9g5p87s6cx8 0 18874 137123 132812 2026-09-14T13:18:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137123 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umuco == Umuco w’i [[Rwanda]] ugira amateka. Hakavugwamo abagabo n’abagore b’intwari. Twavuga nka Muvunyi wa Karema karemajwe n’ibyuma, cyangwa Rwanyonga rwa Mugabwambere, cyangwa Nyiransibura wanyaye [[ikiyaga cya Kivu]], tutaretse ya nkumi Ndabaga wasimbuye se ku ruharo (ibintu byageze iwa Ndabaga). Havugwamo Nyagakecuru wo mu Bisi bya Huye. Hari Nyaruzi rwa Haramanga ku Mukindo wa Makwaza. Hari Intahana-batatu Rukara rwa Bishingwe wo mu Barashi b’i Murera, Basebya ba Nyirantwari ku Rugezi rwa Byumba na Mashira ya Nkuba ya Sabugabo mu Nduga ngari y’Ababanda mu Marangara. N’abandi benshi batarondowe. == Umuco mu burere == Mu buryo bw’uburere, umuco uhererekana nk’amasaro y’urunigi mu kagozi/akadodo, maze abari bakuru bakamenyereza abakiri bato uburyo bwo kubaho mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuzima. Ni bwo hemezwa mu [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]] ko uburere buruta ubuvuke. Muri urwo ruhererekane ruzira umuhezo, uburere bwiza bujyana n’ingeso nziza cyangwa imico myiza: bukarangwa n’ikinyabupfura no kwiyubaha bimwe bivugwa ko umuntu agira aho avuka kandi ko yarezwe neza, bikagereranywa n’amata agira gitereka. Uburere butangira umwana akiri muto, bisanga wa mugani ngo ‘[[igiti]] kigororwa kikiri gitoya’ kuko iyo kimaze gukura ugashaka kukigorora kiravunika, burya biba byamaze kuba impitagihe. Mu burere hagomba gutangwa urugero rwiza, bitewe n’uko bizwi neza ko ‘kora ndebe iruta vuga numve’. Icyakora rero, hari ibishobora kunanirana kugororwa, cyane cyane nk’ingeso mbi umuntu yaba yaramaze gufata, noneho abantu bagahebera urwaje, bagasigara bemeza ko kamere idakurwa na reka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/umurage/article/ni-ryari-bavuga-ko-umuntu-yishe-cyangwa-yataye-umuco</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/umuco-nyarwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-15 |archive-date=2024-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715100838/https://rw.amateka.net/umuco-nyarwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umuco mu butabera == [[Dosiye:3D Judges Gavel.jpg|thumb|Ubutabera]] Mu birebana n’umuco mu butabera, habagaho inzego zisigiye n’inkiko, bigakorwa mu rwego rw’umuryango, urw’umudugudu (akagari) n’urwo hejuru mu gitegetsi. Urwego rw’umuryango: Urwego rw’umuryango rwari rubereyeho gukiza amakimbirane mu bashakanye hamwe no gukemura impaka mu bavandimwe. [[Dosiye:Rwanda cultural house (NYAKATSI).jpg|thumb|356x356px|umurage w'umuco]] [[Dosiye:This image shows how Rwandans love cows and the value they give to this anima in their culture especially this specific types of cows called Inyambo.jpg|thumb|inyambo umurage w'umuco ]] Iyo umugabo n’umugore bateruranaga, bakesurana, bwa bundi bacekanaga, byabaga byarenze urugero, hakabaho kwitabaza ababyeyi n’abavandimwe. Icyo gihe umugore yabererekeraga umugabo akanya gato, agashobora kwahukaniraga kwa sebukwe iyo bumvikanaga, bitaba ibyo akajya iwabo. Yaba atagifite ababyeyi, akahukanira kwa musaza we w’umutware w’umuryango. Ubwo bikazaba ngombwa ko umugabo we azajya kumucyura. Urwego rwa Gacaca Iyo ingorane zavukaga mu baturanyi batari abavandimwe, bakananiranwa cyangwa hakavuka imanza z’amahugu, cyangwa bagafatana mw’ijosi bakesurana, byabaga ngombwa gushyikiriza ikibazo cyabo urwego rwa gacaca, ari bwo abaturanyi bose bicaraga mu gacaca, maze bagacocagura amagambo. Uwo ikosa rifashe agahabwa igihano gikwiriye, bidafite aho bihuriye no ‘guhana wihanukiriye’ cyangwa byo gutanga ‘igihano cy’intanga-rugero’. Ntabwo batangaga igihano cya ‘muce’. Gacaca yari urukiko rw’abaturage bo ku gasozi kamwe, ikaba urubuga rwo gutanga ibitekerezo by’ubutabera byubaka, ntihagire uniganwa ijambo, kandi ntibemere abashaka kubogama. Yakorerwaga aho abantu bafitanye ikibazo bari, bivuga ko yimukaga buri gihe uko bibaye ngombwa. Bashoboraga no guhitamo ahantu hamwe bumvikanyeho, hakaba ari ho bazajya bahurira. Gacaca yaberagaho gukemura ibibazo n’impaka mu bantu, ikaberaho gushyigikira, gushimangira no kubungabunga ubwiyunge, unutekano, amahoro, ubumwe n’ubutabera mu bantu batuye ahantu hamwe. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 5a5u0hwcns6lsithnu2691xhgqloa2y 0 18917 136883 136027 2026-09-14T13:07:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136883 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imirambi.jpg|thumb|392x392px]] Kugeza magingo aya, hari impamvu ebyiri zishobora gutuma habaho guhinduza imikoresgereze yubutaka mu [[Rwanda]]. impamvu yambere niyo nyiri ubutaka ashaka guhuzu ibikorwa bikorerwa kubuta nigishushanyo mbonera. impamvu ya 2 niyo nyiri ubutaka ashaka guhindura imikoreshereze yubutaka itenganyijwe n'igishushanyombonera<ref name=":0">https://www.lands.rw/rw/iyandikisha-ryubutaka</ref>. urugero niba ubutaka bwari mubuhinzi ashaka kubuhinduza akabushyira mumiturire. Guhindura imikoreshereje yubutaka mu [[Rwanda]] bikorwa nabanyiri ubutaka kandti babufitiye ibyangombwa byubutaka bubanditseho. Guhinduza bikorwa kandi bikanyura muma serivice atangwa ninzego zifitiye mushingano imicungurire nimkorereshereze yubutaka<ref name=":0" /> === ''Ibisabwa ushaka guhinduza ubutaka'' === # Ukeneye iyi service agomba kuba afite konti kw'irembo # Iyo usaba service ari umunyamahanga asabwa nimero yorwundiko rwinzira( numero ya pasiporo) iyo ari umunyarwanda asabwa nimero yindangamuntu # Bose (Umunyarwanda n'umunyamahanga) basabwa kuba bafite nomero iranganga ubutaka bwabo(UPI) # Ibigo byigegnga, za koperative, amashyirahamwe bigomba kuba bifite izina ribiranga, numero yigazeti, aderesi hamwe na UPI # Amasosiyete asabwa kuba afite amazina, TIN, aderesi, na UPI # Usaba asabwakuba afite nomero ya telephone cyanwa imeli. byaba byiza akaba abifite byose<ref>https://support.irembo.gov.rw/is/support/solutions/articles/47001200485-uko-wahindura-imikoreshereze-y-ubutaka</ref> == ''Urutonde rw'indanganturo'' == <references /> * pz5afavl4hiw78rklu1ha2wkvcntght 0 18935 136833 134372 2026-09-14T13:06:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136833 wikitext text/x-wiki Abaturage baturiye [[pariki]] y'igihugu y'ibirunga ibamo ingagi baravuga ko bamaze gusobanukirwa akamaro ku rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ndetse n'ubutaka bakaba babirinda ababyangiza. Bamwe mu baturage babona akazi muri parike ko guherekeza bamukerarugendo baza gusura inyamanswa yemeza ko amaze kujyana nabiganjemo abakomeye ku [[isi]] baba baturutse hirya no hino akabageza aho ziherereye abafasha no gusobanukirwa imibereho yazo.[https://isangostar.rw/musanze-abaturiye-parike-yigihugu-yibirunga-bamaze-gusobanukirwa-akamaro-kurusobe-rwibinyabuzima] Abaturiye [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y’Ibirunga]] bungukira mu bukerarugendo binyuze mu bikorwaremezo n'imishinga y’iterambere, aho RDB yagize uruhare rwa miliyari 1,14 Frw mu 2023. Gahunda yo kwagura pariki irakomeje, itanga imirimo n'umutekano binyuze mu gushyira abaturage mu midugudu y’icyitegererezo. Inkuru zose ku mibereho y’abahatuye usanga kuri IGIHE. [https://www.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/amafaranga-bahabwa-yageze-kuri-miliyari-1-14-frw-ishimwe-ry-abaturiye-pariki-y]<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/amafaranga-bahabwa-yageze-kuri-miliyari-1-14-frw-ishimwe-ry-abaturiye-pariki-y</ref> == Amashakiro; == https://isangostar.rw/musanze-abaturiye-parike-yigihugu-yibirunga-bamaze-gusobanukirwa-akamaro-kurusobe-rwibinyabuzima rboi9i0pn78037krggt4ch39i5jmlqp 0 18965 136834 136040 2026-09-14T13:06:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136834 wikitext text/x-wiki == Impigi == [[Dosiye:Ingoma y imbino.jpg|thumb|Ingoma mu muco]] Abazimu ni impigi bita Indashikwa iva i Bushi. Abashi ngo bajya kuyica bambaye ubusa. Indashikwa ni uduti twinshi bataba tukamara gatatu mu kuzimu bakadutaburura . Kuwa kane bagatunga ku mulya w’inkima, bakajya bambara mu ijosi ngo ubyambaye ntaterwa n’abazimu, kandi ntabarota no kubarota .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Agahanzi == Abahanzi ukarwaye bamusuka imbilibiri mu mazuru yombi, ndetse akarabirana. Arakira ntazongere kunukira abandi (plutôt remède d’amulette). '''AMABOKO'''. Iyo umuntu ahururwa mu maboko, bareba igufa ly’impereli bakalikoza ku gishilira, bagasiga ku maboko ngo: “Kuka, kuka”. Barangiza bakalimwambika ku kaboko, agakira. == Amacinya == Amacinya umuntu urwaye amacinya, bamushakira urura rw’ingwe, bakareba n’igikoba cyayo, bakabimwambika babanje kubimwuka babikojeje ku gishilira. Urura barukura mu ngwe, igishyushye imaze gupfa ako kanya. Urwo rura barwambara mu nda, cyangwa mu ijosi. Iyo bashatse kandi, bareba urura rw’ingwe, bagashyushya amazi bakarushyiramo, nuko urwaye amacinya akanywa ayo mazi, urura akarwambara mu nda.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] mzjwda72rck25hliep5bslpvlefgb8h 0 18981 137064 135075 2026-09-14T13:12:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137064 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pariki y'ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura''' ni ishyamba riherereye mu gice cy'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'U [[Rwanda]], hangana na kilometero 1.200 km 2 ishyamba rya Mukura riri mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda mu karere ka Rustiro igakora no mu karere ka Ngororero, ni pariki iherereye mu ruhererekane rw'isunzu ya congo-nile . ni Rimwe mu gice cy’amashyamba y’imisozi yakomotse kuri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] agakura kugera muri Parike y’ibirunga, ubu Mukura ni agace k’ishyamba konyine [[Dosiye:Gishwati_Natural_Forest_01.jpg|thumb|Gishwati Natural Forest |365x365px]] === Amateka === Ishyamba rya Mukura ryatangiye kubungabungwa kuva mu mwaka 1970-1990 Mukura yagizwe ishyamba rya kimeza muri 1951. Ubusanzwe yari ifite ubuso bwa hegitari 30.000. Ariko, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy' ishyamba ndetse n'urugaga rw'ibinyabuzima rwarazimiye kuburyo ubu hasigaye hegitari ha 16.000 gusa. Ibintu byinshi byatumye igabanuka, harimo ubucucike bwabaturage bagera kuri 600 kuri km 2 hamwe n’amafaranga biinjiza mu rugo angana na $ 3 / ukwezi, ibi [[Dosiye:Cloudy_in_Gishwati_Mukura_Mountains.jpg|thumb|Cloudy in Gishwati Mukura Mountains]] bigatuma abaturage bakoresha ishyamba mu buryo butemewe kugirango babone imibereho n'amafaranga. ndetse na nyuma ya jenocide yakorewe abatutsi byakomeje kugaragara ko abaturage bakomeje kwangiza no kuvogera iri shyamba Ishyamba rya mukura ryahinduwe pariki mu mwaka wa 2015 kuva icyo gihe yiswe '''Pariki y'igihugu ya Gishwati- Mukura,''' kuva icyo gihe leta nabafatanya bikorwa batangiye kuryitaho bariteramo ibiti ndetse bagira nibyo bakuramo kugirango itegurirwe kuba pariki y'igihugu. Habayeho ibikorwa byo kurisubiranya haba ku mpande zose ari kuruhande rwa Mukura no kuruhande rwa Gishwati. bateyemo amashyamba kandi basiba ahacukuwe amabuye ndetse no kwimura abaturage go bave ku mbago zaryo. muri 2016 nibwo ishyamba rya kimeza rya gishwati mukura ryahinduwe pariki y'igihugu kugirango rizunganire ubukerarugendo ndetse ryegurirwa RDB == Akamaro kamashyamba == Amashyamba afitiye akamaro kanini cyane abatuye isi. Mu mashyamba habonekamo ubwoko bunyuranye bw’ibinyabuzima. Umumaro wayo nturondoreka; amashyamba ni intaho y’inyamaswa n’inyoni. Amashyamba atuma haboneka amadovize (amafaranga y’amahanga) atangwa na ba mukerarugendo. Amashyamba ayungurura umwuka duhumeka ndetse amababi y’ibimera yakira umwuka mubi dusohora noneho yo agatanga umwuka mwiza duhumeka. Amashyamba arwanya isuri, atwikira ubutaka akaburinda imiyaga y’ishuheri, akanaburinda gutwarwa n’amazi y’imvura. Ahari imisozi ihanamye yambaye ubusa, iyo imvura iguye ikukumba ubutaka bwiza bwagahinzwe maze amazi akabwijyanira mu migezi, imigezi na yo ikabwijyanira mu mahanga tugahomba. Ahatari amashyamba iyo imvura iguye ari nyinshi inkangu ziracika rimwe na rimwe n’ubuzima bwa benshi bukahatikirira. Iyo imvura iguye, igasanga ubutaka buteweho ibiti n’ibyatsi bihagije, ibitonyanga bigwa ku bibabi n’amashami bikagabanya umuvuduko n’ubukana. Amazi acengera mu butaka gahorogahoro agasomya ubutaka ariko ntibuhite butwarwa n’isuri.Imizi y’ibiti igira akamaro kanini cyane; ifata ubutaka ikaburinda gutembanwa n’isuri. Imizi y’ibiti yongerera ubutaka ubushobozi bwo gufata no kubika amazi akenewe bikaturinda ubutayu. Amazi ahunitswe mu mizi y’ibiti, ibidendezi ndetse n’ayatangiriwe n’ibimera, atuma amashyamba akomeza kubonekamo inzuzi n’imigezi. Haba no mu gihe gikakaye k’izuba, ahari amashyamba kimeza imigezi ntishobora gukama. Abantu bakeneye amashyamba mu mirimo myinshi inyuranye; benshi bifashisha inkwi mu gihe cyo gutegura amafunguro, bakarara ku bitanda bikozwe mu biti n’ibindi... Icyakora umuriro w’amashanyarazi wunganira inkwi. Si ibyo gusa kuko n’inzu nyinshi usanga mu bizubatse higanjemo ibiti cyangwa ibibikomokaho. Ndetse uretse amagorofa ahambaye usanga afite ibisenge by’ibyuma, andi mazu menshi ibisenge biba byubakishijwe ibiti cyangwa imbaho. Hari n’abavuga ko inzu yubakishijwe ibiti iramba kurusha iyubakishijwe amatafari ya rukarakara. Si ibyo gusa kandi kuko n’imitako ikozwe mu biti usanga iteye amabengeza. Hari ibiti byamamaye cyane kubera ugukomera kwabyo. Muri byo twavuga nk’imisave, ribuyu, muvura n’ibindi. Mu Rwanda hari amashyamba yinjiza amadovize kubera ba mukerarugendo. Twese nk’abitsamuye dusenyere umugozi umwe; tuyabungabunge aho kuyatutira kuko arimo gukendera kubera ibikorwa bya muntu. Yego turayakeneye, ariko tuyamazeho uyu munsi abadukomokaho bazaririra mu myotsi kandi iyi si tuyiriho kugira ngo tuzayisige irushijeho kuba nziza. <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=amashyamba&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> <ref><nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/article/nyabihu-ahahoze-ishyamba-rya-gishwati-hazagirwa-ahakorerwa-ubukerarugendo</nowiki></ref> <ref>"Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-17.</ref> [[Dosiye:DSC 0374 (5670035388).jpg|thumb|ishyamba]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} b00kzqmbzotn56ljz43etpegoszxhbb 0 19010 136884 114261 2026-09-14T13:07:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136884 wikitext text/x-wiki == Akamaro kamaterasi kubutaka buhanamye == Amaterasi mu turere tw’ubuhinzi bwo mu misozi afasha kwirinda isuri kandi bigatuma ubuhinzi ahantu hahanamye bishoboka. [[Dosiye:Terasering_panyaweuyan_argapura.jpg|thumb|amaterasi |349x349px]] Amaterasi ni uburyo gakondo bwo guhinga bukoreshwa mu myaka ibihumbi n’ibice bitandukanye by’isi, cyane cyane mu misozi cyangwa imisozi. Harimo gushiraho ibibanza binini, bisa nintambwe kumurongo, bigakoreshwa muguhinga. Ubu buhanga bugira akamaro cyane mubice aho imiterere yubutaka ituma uburyo bwo guhinga gakondo bugorana. Imwe mu nshingano zibanze zo gutera amaterasi ni ukurinda isuri. Mu turere twimisozi, amazi yimvura arashobora kwoza ubutaka burumbuka, bigatuma ibihingwa bikomera. Amaterasi akora nk'inzitizi, agabanya umuvuduko w'amazi kandi akayemerera kwinjira mu butaka aho koza ubutaka. Ibi ntibibungabunga ubutaka gusa ahubwo binafasha kubungabunga amazi, akenshi akaba ari umutungo muke muri utu turere. [[Dosiye:Uburyo_bwo_kwirinda_isuri.jpg|thumb|Uburyo bwo kwirinda isuri ukoresha amaterasi ]] Urundi ruhare rukomeye rwo gutera amaterasi ni ugukora ubuhinzi ahantu hahanamye hashoboka. Hatabayeho amaterasi y'indinganire, ubutumburuke bukabije bw'ubutaka byatuma bidashoboka guhinga imyaka. Amaterasi ahindura neza ahahanamye muburyo bukurikiranye bushobora guhingwa byoroshye. Ibi byongera ubutaka bwo guhingwa buboneka kandi birashobora kuzamura cyane umusaruro wubuhinzi. Amaterasi nayo agira uruhare mukubungabunga urusobe rwibinyabuzima. Inzego zitandukanye zamaterasi zirashobora gukora microclimates zitandukanye, zishobora gushyigikira ubwoko butandukanye bwibimera ninyamaswa. Ibi birashobora kugirira akamaro kurwanya udukoko no kwanduza, kimwe no kugira uruhare mubuzima rusange bwibidukikije. Mu gusoza, amaterasi afite uruhare runini mu turere tw’ubuhinzi bwo mu misozi. Ifasha mu gukumira isuri, ituma ubuhinzi ahantu hahanamye hashoboka, kandi bugira uruhare mu binyabuzima. Nubwo imiterere-karemano yimirimo yo kurema no kubungabunga amaterasi, inyungu batanga zibagira igikoresho cyingenzi mubuhinzi burambye. [[Dosiye:Tirol Castle Terraces from the eastern window 4.jpg|thumb|AMATERASI]] <ref>https://www.tutorchase.com/answers/ib/ess/what-is-the-role-of-terracing-in-hilly-agricultural-regions</ref> <ref>https://waterportal.rwb.rw/sites/default/files/inline-files/Brochure%20Radical%20terraces%20in%20Rwanda_0.pdf</ref> <ref>https://waterportal.rwb.rw/sites/default/files/inline-files/Brochure%20Radical%20terraces%20in%20Rwanda_0.pdf</ref> [[Dosiye:Terrace River Pool Swing Bali.jpg|thumb|AMATERASI]] l0kb0qh6oafzamurgh0bi1tvsixm6gv 0 19012 136948 108885 2026-09-14T13:09:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136948 wikitext text/x-wiki == Isuri == Isuri ni kimwe mu bibazo byangiza ibidukikije mu Rwanda iki kibazo giterwa ni imvura nyishi kikaba gikunze ku boneka muri tumwe mu turere tw' uRwanda cyane cyane udifite imisozi ihanamye urugero nka Rulindo ndetse n' utundi dutandukanye ''IBICE ISURI IKUNDA KWIBASIRA MU RWANDA NI NGARUKA ZAYO'' Mu Rwanda imiterere yarwo iratunganye hari igice cy' imisozi , utununga ,ibibaya , n'imisozi ihanamye n'ibindi bitandukanye . isuri mu misozi ihanamye Mu bice bitandukanye by' iguhu by 'umwihariko mu misozi ihanamye hagaragara isuri kurita ahandi harimo uturere twa nyamasheke , Rulindo , Rusizi hamwe nu utundi dufite imisozi ihanamye mu bice by 'iguhu bitandukanye Zimwe mu ngaruka z'isuri: Ø  Iyangiraka ry'ibikorwa remezo nka imihanda ,amashuri ndetse n'ibindi Ø  Isuri yangiza imyaka ya abaturage n 'imirima y'abo. Ø  Kwangirika ku urusobe rw'ibimera Ø  Hari urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bipfa byishwe n'isure . Ø  Isuri itera inkangu Ø  Isuri ishobora kuterAimpfu z' abantu ''NI GUTE TWA KWIRINDA TUKANAKUMIRA ISURI'' Mu Rwanda hamaze kugaraga ko isuri ari ikabazo hakozwe bimwe mi bikorwa byo kuyirwanya no kurengera ibidukikije n'urosobe rw'ibinyabuzima muri rusange hacukurwa imiringoti , ibyobo bifata amazi , amaterasi yindinganire , hatewe ibiti n'ibyatsi bifata amazi , hakorwa imiyoboro ya amazi indi igenda isiburwa ndetse ni ibindi bkorwa bitandukanye bigamije kurwanya isuri no kubungabunga ibidukikije Amashakiro <ref>https://www.minema.gov.rw/news-detail/ubutumwa-bugenewe-abaturarwanda-mu-gihe-cyimvura-yumuhindo-mu-rwego-rwo-kwirinda-ibiza</ref> <ref><nowiki>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60429328</nowiki></ref> [[Dosiye:Isuri.jpg|thumb|ISURI]] <ref>"Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2018-01-11. Retrieved 2022-03-30.</ref> pwggn3khdt1ykx04j10irv4zajqj0lr 0 19172 137030 136075 2026-09-14T13:11:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''APEBU Nyamata''' ni ishuri ryisumbuye riherereye mu murenge wa [[Nyamata High School|Nyamata]] ho mu karere ka [[Bugesera Fc|Bugesera]]. == Amateka y'ishuri rya APEBU == Iri shuri rifitanye isano n'amateka yaranze u [[Rwanda]] mu bihe bitandukanye na mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994. Iri shuri ryatangijwe n'ababyeyi bishyize hamwe muri icyo gihe mbere ya Jenoside, nyuma yo kuhagera bagiye kujugunywa (Abahoze babarizwa mu bwoko b'abatutsi) kugira ngo bazicwe n'isazi ya tsetse kuko hari mu mashyamba cyane. Abagiye barokoka bagiye biyungayunga bashyira hamwe imbaraga zabo kugira ngo abana babo babone ishuri bigamo bashinga ishuri ryisumbuye rya APEBU riherereye mu murenge wa Nyamata mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|ntara y'Iburasirazuba]]. <ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> '''Uko ishuri rihagaze kuri iki gihe'''<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> Kuva iri shuri ryatangira muri icyo gihe, ryagiye rikura ndetse rigenda ryagura n'ibyo rikora hagendewe kubyo abatuye muri aka karere bakeneye. Kuri ubu ishuri rifite amashami atandukanye yigamo abana b'[[abanyarwanda]] (abahungu n'abakobwa). Iri shuri ryabaye rimwe mu byahinduye imibereho y'abanyarwanda cyane cyane abatuye n'abahana imbibi n'akarere ka Bugesera. <ref name=":1">https://mabumbe.com/za/apebu-nyamata-application-courses-contacts-fees/#google_vignette</ref> == Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda 1994<ref name=":1" /> == Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, umurenge wa Bugesera wabarurwaga muri Superefegitura ya Kanazi, muri [[Perefegitura ya Butare|Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali]]. Abenshi muri aba bashinze iri shuri muri iyi perefegitura, bari barahagejejwe no kuhajugunywa kugira ngo bazicwe n'isazi ya Tsetse kuko batishimirwaga n'ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda bwariho icyo gihe. Batabitewe n'uko batari kubona aho bohereza abana babo kugira ngo bige nk'abandi banyarwanda bose, ahubwo bitewe n'ivanguramoko ryariho, abari baratsikamiwe n'ubwo butegetsi bahisemo gushyira hamwe imbaraga zabo bashinga ishuri mu Rwego rwo kwiteza imbere n'igihugu muri rusange. Uretse iri shuri hashinzwe n'irindi ryigishaga ibijyanye n’imyuga ryitwaga AJEPO (Association des Jeune Professionel). == Abanyeshuri ba Apebu nyamata biyemeje guca ukubiri n'icyaha == My rwego two gukomeza kuganiriza abanyeshuri my bigo bitandukanye bashishikarizwa kwirinda no gukumira ibyaha ,ku itariki ya 28 Mata; polisi y'u Rwanda ikorera mu karere ka Bugesera yahaye ikiganiro cyo kwirinda ibyaha bitandukanye abanyeshuri 252 biga mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Apebu nyamata.<ref>[https://police.gov.rw/rw/amakuru/amakuru-ya-polisi/news-detail/news/bugesera-abanyeshuri-ba-apebu-nyamata-biyemeje-guca-ukubiri-nibyaha/#:~:text=Mu%20rwego%20rwo%20gukomeza%20kuganiriza,ishuri%20ryisumbuye%20rya%20APEBU%20Nyamata. https://police.gov.rw/rw/amakuru/amakuru-ya-polisi/news-detail/news/bugesera-abanyeshuri-ba-apebu-nyamata-biyemeje-guca-ukubiri-nibyaha/#:~:text=Mu%20rwego%20rwo%20gukomeza%20kuganiriza,ishuri%20ryisumbuye%20rya%20APEBU%20Nyamata.]</ref> == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 3ghh8x124q5fghkj2o1rnle0sw5h0go 0 19324 136800 131498 2026-09-14T13:05:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT ESPOIR DE L'AVENIR SCHOOL''''' '''''(Ibyo wamenya ku ishuri rya ESPOIR DE L'AVENIR)''''' '''''Ecole Espoir de l’Avenir cyangwa se ikigo cya Espoir''''' ni ikigo cy’amashuri giherereye mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y’iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] mu murenge wa Nyamata, Munsi ya gare ya Nyamata. Iki kigo gifite amashuri y'incuke Nursery 1-3 biga muri sisiteme y'Igifaransa. Kikagira n'amashuri abanza P1-P6 biga muri sisiteme y'Icyongereza. Iki kigo kirazwi cyane mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu, kikaba cyaramamaye kubera gutsindisha neza mu bizamini bya leta mu mashuri abanza.<ref name=":0">https://igisabo.rw/2021/04/23/gusigasira-uburezi-bufite-ireme-ni-intego-twiyemeje-ecole-espoir-de-lavenir/</ref> Igihe cyose utwaye umwana kuri iri shuri baramwakira Kandi bakamushyira muri sisiteme ituma azatsinda ikizamini cya Leta. Abanza baho bigishwa gukora cyane no kwiga amasomo yose uhereye ku mibare. Akarusho k'iri shuri rifite imodoka zifasha muri Transport aho ritwara abanyeshuri kuva muri GAHANGA ya Kicukiro, Ntarama, Kanzenze, Carriers, Arrete, Lapalise, Maranyundo, Gahembe, MAYANGE, na Riziyeri. Ushobora gusura iri shuri I NYAMATA aho rikorera cyangwa ugakurikirana ibikorwa byazo kuri izi mbuga nkoranyambaga. Whatsap == Ugutsinda kwa espoir de l'avenir == Ikigo cya espoir ahari muri mwaka wa 2017 kandi iki kigo cyagize umwana wabaye uwa  4 mu gihugu witwa Muhire Igor, muri 2018 Espoir de l’Avenir yagize umwana wabaye uwa 3 yitwa kagoyire, naho 2019 iki kigo cyagize umwana wabaye uwa  4 mu gihugu witwa Rubayiza no mu yindi myaka yakurikiyeho kagiye kigira abanyeshuri ba mbere mu gihugu nk'uwitwa KAZUBWENGE VANESSA, ....<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] s0jorz9idsp7v0byws4rkdte9t6p2ua 0 19341 136801 133234 2026-09-14T13:05:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136801 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umwuga akora == Mike Kayihura ni umuhanzi ufite imyaka 25 y'amavuko akaba ari umwanditsi w'indirimbo zinyuranye ziganjemo niza hip hop. Ndetse akaba akunda imiziki y'uwitwa Stevie Wonder, yatangiye kuririmba afite imyaka 13 y'amavuko muri korari ya Gikirisitu mu mujyi wa Kigali. Kayihura yize umuziki muri Etiyopiya ni naho yatorejwe kuririmba no kwandika indirimbo. Indirimbo ya mbere yasohoye yitwa Let your worries go, igaragaza Benny Black mu w'ibihumbi bibiri na makumyabiri na kane(2024)yakurikiwe n'izindi ndirimbo icyenda arizo tina yo muri 2014, towards everlasting yo muri 2014, temptatin yo muri 2015, burimunsi yo muri 2015, ndugu Kalisa yo muri 2015, maria in la,mama and the city muri 2016, nina with the side eye muri 2018, religion 2018, over the sun muri 2018 ndetse n'izindi alubumu agenda asohora uko ibihe bihita. <ref>https://patroug.com/rwandan-star-mike-kayihura-speaks-on-3-year-music-pause/?utm_source=chatgpt.com</ref> == Ibimutera imbaraga mu gukora ibihangano == Mike yemera ko nk'umuhanzi afite uruhare runini mu gufasha urubyiruko kugenda ku murongo mwiza wo kuba abo n'ubundi bashoboye kuba bo. Mu ndirimbo ye " temeptation" yavuze ko yashakaga kwibutsa abantu kureba no gukangukira aho baba bari, n'ababari uruhande kuko ari mu bintu bikomeye bikugira uwo uri we, kandi akaba anifuza kuzashinga korari y'abana kuko biri mu bintu bya mbere byatumye abasha kuzamura impano ye kuva ku myaka micye cyane. <ref>https://trueafrica.co/article/the-rwandese-music-scene-keeps-growing-with-young-talents-like-mike-kayihura/?utm_source=chatgpt.com</ref> == Amashakiro; == t4xsttcf1u8p86vc48s3famtntiz8fo 0 19358 136987 133249 2026-09-14T13:10:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kayitesi Sonia''' bakunze kwita '''Dj Sonia''' yavutse 31 Ukwakira 1998 mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]], mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda|Rwanda,]] ise ni Pio Nkubito na mama we yitwa Mathlide Mukarutesi ni umukinnyi wa jockey w'umunyarwanda baba mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Joan |date=2022-07-06 |title=DJ Sonia: A female deejay’s turbulent ride to the turntable |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/201060/Lifestyle/dj-sonia-a-female-deejayas-turbulent-ride-to-the-turntable |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> ni umudamu w’umucuruzi, utegura ibirori, umunyamideli na moderi akaba umukinnyi wa filime. == Ubuzima bwa mbere n'akazi == Yinjiye mu mwuga wa deejaying kuva muri 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2023-08-22 |title=DJ Sonia responds to critics of her fashion sense |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/10131/entertainment/music/dj-sonia-responds-to-critics-of-her-fashion-sense |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)]] |language=en}}</ref> Azwi cyane kubikorwa bye muri [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Muzika yu Rwanda]] abinyujije mu marushanwa yo gushaka itike yo kuzakina igikombe cyisi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2022-02-16 |title=The top 5 deejays driving Kigali’s nightlife |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/193618/Entertainment/the-top-5-deejays-driving-kigalias-nightlife |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Yagize uruhare mu birori [[Rwanda|byo mu Rwanda]] byo guha izina ingagi yavutse, izwi cyane ku izina rya Kwita Izina . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2023-03-08 |title=Tracing the journey of female DJs in Rwanda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/5578/entertainment/music/tracing-the-journey-of-female-djs-in-rwanda |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=[[ The New Times (Rwanda) ]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Irakoze |first=Eliane |date=2021-10-18 |title=The top female deejays in Rwanda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/190390/Entertainment/the-top-female-deejays-in-rwanda |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandala |first=Esha Saxena |date=2023-03-08 |title=Tracing the journey of female DJs in Rwanda |url=https://kigalidailynews.com/tracing-the-journey-of-female-djs-in-rwanda/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=KIGALI DAILY NEWS |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202182330/https://kigalidailynews.com/tracing-the-journey-of-female-djs-in-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2024-02-19 |title=It's a dream come true - DJ Sonia on her Youth Excellence Awards nomination |url=https://sensmagazine.com/rw/its-a-dream-come-true-dj-sonia-on-her-youth-excellence-awards-nomination/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=SENS Magazine Rwanda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2024-06-14 |title=Music creators laud Recording Academy’s expansion plan to Rwanda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/17659/entertainment/music/music-creators-laud-recording-academys-expansion-plan-to-rwanda |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Sonia yakinnye mu bitaramo byinshi bitandukanye, birimo Silent Disco, Imyidagaduro myiza, Ibihangange byo muri Afurika, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirezi |first=Precious |date=2023-08-20 |title=Photos: Davido, Tiwa Savage close Giants of Africa festival in style |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/10055/entertainment/music/photos-davido-tiwa-savage-close-giants-of-africa-festival-in-style |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Iserukiramuco rya Hill, kandi yakinnye mu mahoteri atandukanye ndetse n'imikino myinshi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2023-11-17 |title=How can the artiste-media war in Rwanda end? |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12409/entertainment/music/how-can-the-artiste-media-war-in-rwanda-end |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> harimo na Afrobasket y'Abagore mu Rwanda 2023, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bahizi |first=Heritier |date=2023-07-29 |title=Thrilling moments on day one of FIBA Women's Afrobasket 2023 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/9459/sports/basketball/thrilling-moments-on-day-one-of-fiba-womens-afrobasket-2023 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> FIBA Igikombe cyisi, nahandi henshi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dj Sonia - La Reine de Platine |url=https://www.djsoniamusic.com/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=www.djsoniamusic.com |archive-date=2023-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212094700/https://www.djsoniamusic.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> DJ Sonia uri mu ba DJ benshi b'abagore mu kuvanga umuziki i [[Kigali]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bahizi |first=Heritier |date=2023-08-04 |title=Weekend entertainment extravaganza in Kigali |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/9658/entertainment/music/weekend-entertainment-extravaganza-in-kigali |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> yatumiwe mu gitaramo aho yahuye na Darassa akaba ari umwe mu mazina akomeye muri muzika [[Tanzaniya|ya Tanzaniya]] na Masauti akaba ari umwe mu bahanzi bazwi cyane i Nairobi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Joan |date=2020-07-20 |title=Rwandan DJs on challenges they encounter at their job |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/178546/Entertainment/rwandan-djs-on-challenges-they-encounter-at-their-job |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Kugeza ubu ni umwe mu bavanga imiziki y'ibitangazamakuru byo mu Rwanda, Radio Rwanda, TV y'u Rwanda, n'ishami ryayo rya kabiri, ariryo KC2. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2021-10-27 |title=Why Rwanda needs more female DJs |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/190671/Entertainment/why-rwanda-needs-more-female-djs |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-07 |title='La reine des platines' - Ikiganiro na DJ Sonia, umwe mu ba-DJ bakunzwe cyane mu karere |url=https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cmmgvmg51e3o |access-date=2024-02-07 |website=BBC News Gahuza |language=rw}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2024-02-19 |title=DJ Sonia lands continental awards nomination |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/14654/entertainment/music/dj-sonia-lands-continental-awards-nomination |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2024-02-19 |title=It's a dream come true - DJ Sonia on her Youth Excellence Awards nomination |url=https://sensmagazine.com/rw/its-a-dream-come-true-dj-sonia-on-her-youth-excellence-awards-nomination/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=SENS Magazine Rwanda |language=en-US}}</ref> Yakinnye nka Dj igihe abaririmbyi [[Nijeriya|bo muri Nijeriya]] bombi Davido na Tiwa Savage bagiye mu Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abayisenga |first=Eddy |date=2023-08-20 |title=Davido, Tiwa Show What they Do Best At Giants of Africa |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/08/davido-tiwa-show-what-they-do-best-at-giants-of-africa/ |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=KT PRESS |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2024-03-10 |title=Showbiz recap: Mbonyi announces East African tour, DJ Sonia thrills Kampala |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/15143/entertainment/music/showbiz-recap-mbonyi-announces-east-african-tour-dj-sonia-thrills-kampala |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatera |first=Emmanuel |date=2024-03-07 |title=DJ Sonia heads to Kampala for Women’s Day show |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/15059/entertainment/music/dj-sonia-heads-to-kampala-for-womens-day-show |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 5k42kzai73bhzi4ac00yujq4nc2305x 0 19370 136802 133115 2026-09-14T13:05:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136802 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Mugisha''' yavutse ku ya 9 Mutarama 1987 yamenyekanye ku izina rya '''The Ben''', ni umuririmbyi akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo . == Umwuga == Mu mwaka wa 2010, yimukiye muri Amerika aho yakoranye n'umuhanzi Mike E Ellison ukomoka mu mujyi wa Detroit. Nyuma, yatumiriwe gutaramira ku cyicaro cya Loni . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ben (Musical part) - 20th Commemoration of the Genocide in Rwanda at UN Headquarters in New York |url=http://webtv.un.org/news-features/interviews/watch/the-ben-musical-part-20th-commemoration-of-the-genocide-in-rwanda-at-un-headquarters-in-new-york/3479115688001 |access-date=30 September 2017 |publisher=[[United Nations]] |language=en}}</ref> Indirimbo ya Ben yitwa " I'm in love", yasohotse mu Kwakira 2012, yatumye hashyirwaho icyiciro gishya cy'umuziki mu birori byo gutanga ibihembo bya Salax Music 2012 mu [[Rwanda]] bituma aba umuntu wa mbere wahawe igihembo cy'umuhanzi w’umuziki mwiza muri Diaspora. Mu 2021, Julien Bmjizzo; Uzwi mukuyobora videwo z’umuziki wo mu Rwanda yafashe amashusho anayobora indirimbo yise ''"Why"'' ya The Ben na Diamond Platnumz . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 9 Mutarama 1987, avukira i Kampala, muri Uganda.  Ben yashakanye na Uwicyeza Pamella wamenyekanye nka Miss Rwanda 2019. bafitanye umwana umwe w’[[imfura]] witwa Icyeza Luna Mugisha Ora<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/the-ben-na-pamella-bibarutse-153654</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buningwire |first=Williams |date=2022-08-31 |title=FINALLY: Singer The Ben Legally Marries Fiancé Pamela |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/08/finally-singer-the-ben-legally-marries-fiance-pamela/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=KT PRESS |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>https://umunota.com/the-ben-na-pamella-batangaje-amazina-yumwana-wabo/</ref> == Ibihangano bye == === Ku giti Cye === * Urarenze * Ese * Amahirwe * Incuti nyancuti * Wigenda * Amaso Ku Maso * Ndi mu rukundo (2012). * Ndashobora Kubona. * Habibi. * Umukobwa mwiza. * Naremeye. * Ndaje * Vazi (2019) * Suko (2019) * Ngufite kumutima (2020) === Ubufatanye === * Binkolera ft Sheebah Karungi wo muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . * Oya nta buzima ft ft [[:en:B2C_Entertainment|B2C]] ya Uganda. * Ngufite Kumutima ft ZIZOU AL PACINO * This is Love ft [[:en:Rema_Namakula|Rema Namakula]] wo muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] * Why ft [[:en:Diamond_Platnumz|Diamond Platnumz]] wo muri [[Tanzaniya]] * Lose Control ft [[Meddy]] ( Rwanda ) * Pawa ft [[:en:Mbosso|Mbosso]] * Baby ft [[:en:Marioo|Marioo]] * My name ft Kivumbi King == Ibihembo == Ben yamenyekanye nk'umuhanzi witwaye neza muri Afro R&B muri Salax Awards, ibihembo by’umuziki ku rwego rw’[[igihugu]] mu Rwanda mu 2008-2009. Muri 2009-2010 yongeye kwakira igihembo "Umuhanzi witwaye neza muri Afro R&B ndetse n'umuhanzi mwiza w'umugabo. Muri 2010-11, yatsindiye indirimbo nziza, Ben yahawe indirimbo ya Salas Award y'umwaka wa 2010- 2011. == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 3e4rpobvfs6h4cnzba0a8sowfqjdiey 0 19543 136770 119514 2026-09-14T13:05:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136770 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == Espanya n'ikigo kiza kirimo Amashuri y'imyuga n'ikiciro cyamashuri cyambere cyamashuri y'isumbuye<ref>https://mabumbe.com/za/espanya-tvet-school-application-courses-contacts-fees/</ref> == Babyeyi == a6c99tt8xycqm31cf7vfd295jwgyayz 0 19581 137065 118875 2026-09-14T13:12:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137065 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ICYIYAGA CYA MUHAZI''' [[Dosiye:Passenger tour boat on Lake Muhazi, Rwanda, Africa.jpg|thumb|329x329px]] icyiyaga cya muhazi giherereye mukarere ka [[rwamagana]] ikiyaga cya muhazi cyangirika mugihe abantu bagikoresheje nabi nkiyo umuntu ataye umwandawe ahantu hatateganyijwe nko kugasozi iyo abantu bakoresheje iyi fumbire, amagi y’inzoka ya Ascaris imvura iyo iguye atarukira ku bimera, abantu babisarura bakayajyana mu rugo Iyo batabisukuye neza abinjiramo, iyo imvura iguye amagi atembanwa n’amazi akajya mu bishanga, abahinzi bahinga akabinjiramo.leta y urwanda irabasaba gukoresha neza == Akamaro ki cyiyaga cya muhazi == Icyiyaga cya muhazi gikorerwamo uburobyi gifasha ubukerarugendo <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/indwara/article/abakoresha-ikiyaga-cya-muhazi-barasabwa-kwigengesera-kubera-inzoka-ya-belariziyoze</ref> pahv2ycbz6bgb0lxe37n5qjjbyodnct 0 19621 136949 119281 2026-09-14T13:09:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136949 wikitext text/x-wiki INSIGAMIGANI;insigamigani ni bumwe mubuvanganzo bwo muri rubanda bushingira kubyabayeho igihe runaka,aho byabereye,kandi insigamigani zigaragarira<ref>Insigamigani : “Ndatega zivamo” – UMUSEKE</ref> mu mivugire,imico,imigendere ya bantu babayeho<ref>Insigamigani : “Ndatega zivamo” – UMUSEKE</ref>. [[Dosiye:Campamento de ganado de la tribu Mundari, Terekeka, Sudán del Sur, 2024-01-28, DD 157.jpg|thumb|IFOTO]] === Zimwe mu ngero zi nsigamigani zo mu Rwanda === .NDATEGA ZIVAMO<ref>Insigamigani : “Ndatega zivamo” – UMUSEKE</ref> .yigize nkana<ref>Insigamigani : “Ndatega zivamo” – UMUSEKE</ref> ==== ishakiro ==== pj0m5d1k2zb0gva3h5td2xkzj3xhiib 0 19624 136835 119284 2026-09-14T13:06:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136835 wikitext text/x-wiki # IMBANGUKIRAGUTABARA: Imbangukiragutabara ni [[imodoka]] itwara abarwayi barembye ibavana mungo zabo bajya mubitaro cyangwa kuvana abarwayi mubitaro bajya mubitaro bifite ubushoboze bwisumbuye<ref>imbangukiragutabara - Search</ref>. === 2. Ubwoko bw'ibibazo byatuma umurwayi atwagwa mumbangukiragutabara === Kuvunika Uburyayi busanzwe Impanuka<ref>https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ambulance</ref>. ==== Ishakiro ==== [[Dosiye:Falck American Ambulance New England A110.jpg|thumb]] rva8uifp2x56jkxcfjymrqartkqc3ku 0 19627 136885 135100 2026-09-14T13:07:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136885 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abeza b' iwacu.jpg|thumb|imyambarire gakondo igezweho]] "[[Imyambarire]]"<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Inteko-y-Umuco-yasobanuye-neza-imyambarire-idakwiye</ref>ni [[Igisobanuro cy'amazina y'amanyarwanda|igisobanuro]] cyuburyo umuntu aba agomba kwambara bimuhesheje agaciro. == Imyambarire ikwiye kuranga umunyarwanda == Abanyarwanda bagomba kwambara kuburyo butagutesha agaciro ndetse bikaba bijyanye numucuco w'igihugu cyawe. Abanyarwanda benshi usanga batavuga rumwe kumyambarire cyane cyane urubyiruko rugenda rwambara ngo nuko ariryo terambere urugero:abaNyarwandakazi bakunze kwambara imyambaro igaragaza imitere yabo ngo niryo tereambere ugasanga rero imyambarire yabo ihabanye numuco Nyarwanda<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Inteko-y-Umuco-yasobanuye-neza-imyambarire-idakwiye</ref>. ==== Amashakiro ==== {{Reflist}} meazuftw8xc3abtke6tznei25594egj 0 19628 136988 119288 2026-09-14T13:10:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136988 wikitext text/x-wiki Imideri n'ijambo rikoreshwa cyangwa ryakoreshejwe risobanura imikorerwe yimyenda,inkweto imiringa ndetse n'ibindi byose byongera ubwiza. == Irushanwa ry imideri mu Rwanda == ==== Hatangijwe irushanwa ry'abanyamideri rizahemba imodoka ifite agaciro ka [[Million 900 rwf zifashishijwe mukubungabunga imigezi yisuka muri nyabarongo|million]] ==== ===== IRUSHANWA RY'IMIDERI<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/hatangijwe-irushanwa-ry-abanyamideli-rizahemba-imodoka-ifite-agaciro-ka</ref> ===== ishakiro octa32hb1lr4mdft81trs4rh0vevxma 0 19630 136950 125023 2026-09-14T13:09:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136950 wikitext text/x-wiki Guhera mu mwaka wa 2020 nibwo mu [[Rwanda]] hatangiye gukoreshwa cyane [[Imodoka 150 z’amashanyarazi zimaze kwinjira mu Rwanda|imodoka]] zikoranye [[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] rizwi nka HYBRID. Aho izi modoka zifite ikoranabuhanga rihambaye cyane rije ricyemura [[Ibibazo by’ibidukikije (Environmental issues)|ibibazo]] bikomeye byo gukoresha ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Mu mwaka wa 2020 gusa habarurwa ko mu Rwanda hinjiye imodoka nyinshi aho habarurwagwa byibuze imodoka zirenga 7000.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imodoka-z-amashanyarazi-mu-rwanda-zimaze-kurenga-7000</ref> == Ijambo hybrid ni iki? == [[Imodoka 150 z’amashanyarazi zimaze kwinjira mu Rwanda|Imodoka]] ya HYBRID ifite moteri ebyiri zitandukanye zikora mu buryo bwuzuzanya. Moteri imwe ikoresha [[Lisansi na mazutu ntibicyigonderwa|lisansi]] nk'izindi modoka zisanzwe zikoreshwa n'abantu benshi, naho moteri ya [[kabiri]] nayo igakoresha [[Amashanyarazi mu Rwanda|amashanyarazi]]. Izi modoka zizwiho gukoresha [[Lisansi na mazutu ntibicyigonderwa|lisansi]] nkeya ugereranyije n'izindi modoka ariko igatanga umusaruro mwiza.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/132457/imodoka-zamashanyarazi-nazo-zigiye-kugera-mu-rwanda-132457.html</ref> Ikigo cy'Igihugu cyo kubungabunga [[ibidukikije]] (REMA), cyakiriye imodoka ikoresha [[Amashanyarazi mu Rwanda|amashanyarazi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=102&cHash=9a3113069a44808d7d46b56b02250528 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-12-17 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326095238/https://www.rema.gov.rw/info/details?tx_news_pi1&#91;action&#93;=detail&tx_news_pi1&#91;controller&#93;=News&tx_news_pi1&#91;news&#93;=102&cHash=9a3113069a44808d7d46b56b02250528 |url-status=dead }}</ref> izagifasha kuzuza inshingano, iyi modoko n'iyo mu bwoko bwa Mitsubishi Outlander Plug-in Hybrid [[Electric skateboard|electric]] Vehicle (PHEV). Izi modoka zikomeje kuruhushaho kwiyongera hano mu Rwanda kuko zakuriweho imisoro, kuko izinjiye mu Rwanda gusa mu mezi icyenda ashize muri uno mwaka wa 2024 ziruta kure izinjiye mu myaka ya mbere. Imodoka zinganje mu Rwanda ni uz'uruganda rwa KIA na HYUNDAI mu gihugu cya [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya]]. Ibi nibyo bigira igihugu cyacu icya karindwi muri Africa mu bihugu bifite imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. [[Dosiye:Peugeot 308 C Hybrid Auto Zuerich 2021 IMG 0450.jpg|thumb|226x226px|Peugeot 308 C Hybrid Auto Zuerich ]] ===== Ibyiza byo gukoresha imodoka za hybrid ===== # Kugabanya ibikomoka kuri peteroli: Inganda nyinshi zikoresha ibikomoka kuri peteroli aribyo bituma lisanzi na mazutu bihenda. Izi modoka zaje zigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka kuri peteroli. # Gukoresha ingufu neza: Nyuma y'uko imodoka za Hybrid zibaye nyinshi ku isoko byatumye ibikomoka kuri peteroli bitongera kuba imbogamizi kubakoresha imodoka umunsi ku munsi. 26fka3hz79wqii8rg5cykg6n3llfoc2 0 19632 136836 136005 2026-09-14T13:06:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abakoroni''' ni abantu cyangwa ibihugu byagiye bigera ku bindi bihugu, cyane cyane muri [[Afurika]], [[Aziya]] na [[Amerika y’Epfo]], bikabifata ku ngufu cyangwa bikabishyira mu butegetsi bwa byo kugira ngo bibikoreshe mu nyungu zabyo. Iyi gahunda yitwaga ubukoloni. Mu kinyejana cya 15 kugeza mu cya 20, ibihugu byinshi by’[[Burayi|UBurayi]] byinjiye mu gikorwa cyo kwigarurira ibindi bihugu. Mu byabaye ibyamamare harimo [[Ubwongereza]], [[Ubufaransa]], [[Ububiligi]], [[Ubudage]], [[Porutigali|Porutigale]] n'[[Ubuyapani]]. Ibyo bihugu byoherezaga abasirikare, abacuruzi n’abamisiyoneri mu bindi bihugu, bigashyiraho ubutegetsi bwabyo. == Impamvu z’Ubukoloni == Abakoroni bari bafite impamvu zitandukanye: # Ubukungu – Bashakaga imitungo kamere nk’amabuye y’agaciro, zahabu, diyama, peteroli n’ibindi. # Isoko ry’ibicuruzwa – Bashakaga aho bagurisha ibicuruzwa byabo. # Imbaraga za politiki – Kwagura ubutaka byafatwaga nk’ikimenyetso cy’imbaraga z’igihugu. # Iyobokamana n’umuco – Bamwe bavugaga ko bajyanye “iterambere” n’iyobokamana, nubwo akenshi byahishaga inyungu zabo bwite zabaga zibazanye. == Ingaruka z’Ubukoloni == Ubukoloni bwagize ingaruka mbi n'nziza , ariko ahanini bwagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bihugu byakolonijwe. Ingaruka mbi: * Gucibwa intege z’umuco n’indimi gakondo. * Gukoresha abaturage imirimo y’agahato. * Gusahura umutungo kamere. * Gushyiraho imipaka ititaye ku moko n’amateka yaho, byateje amakimbirane. Ingaruka nziza (zivugwa na bamwe): * Kubaka imihanda, amashuri n’ibitaro. * Kwinjiza uburyo bushya bw’imiyoborere n’ubucuruzi. === Iherezo ry’Ubukoloni; === Mu kinyejana cya 20, cyane cyane nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, ibihugu byinshi byatangiye guharanira ubwigenge. Muri Afurika, ibihugu byinshi byabonye ubwigenge hagati ya 1950 na 1970. Nubwo byabonye ubwigenge, ingaruka z’ubukoloni ziracyagaragara mu bukungu, politiki n’imibereho rusange. === Umwanzuro; === Abakoroni bagize uruhare rukomeye mu mateka y’isi. Nubwo hari ibikorwa by’iterambere byakozwe mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, ingaruka mbi zirimo gusahura umutungo, gutakaza umuco n’amakimbirane ya politiki byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bihugu byinshi. Kwiga amateka y’ubukoloni bidufasha gusobanukirwa aho ibihugu byinshi byavuye n’uko byubaka ejo hazaza habo. === Ingaruka mbi z'ubukoroni === === Ubukoroni bushobora kuba bwatera kudindira kwiterambere mugihugu no gutera ipfu z'abantu benshi.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=ibibi+y%27ubukoroni+mu+rwanda&sca_esv=9931d7f4e0845048&udm=14&biw=1036&bih=558&ei=inJhZ6iYI57AhbIP5YDqYQ&oq=ibibi+by%27ubukoroni&gs_lp=Ehlnd3Mtd2l6LW1vZGVsZXNzLXdlYi1vbmx5GgIYAiISaWJpYmkgYnkndWJ1a29yb25pKgIIADIHECEYoAEYCjIHECEYoAEYCjIHECEYoAEYCkj-hgFQ4wdY4HNwAngAkAEEmAHCA6AB4z6qAQYzLTIwLjO4AQHIAQD4AQGYAhSgApgzqAIAwgIFEAAYgATCAgsQABiABBiGAxiKBcICCBAAGKIEGIkFwgIIEAAYiwMY7wXCAgsQABiABBiiBBiLA8ICCxAAGKIEGIkFGIsDwgIREAAYgAQYkQIYsQMYgwEYigXCAgoQABiABBhDGIoFwgILEAAYgAQYsQMYgwHCAg4QABiABBixAxiDARiKBcICCxAAGIAEGJECGIoFwgIIEAAYgAQYsQPCAgwQABiABBhDGIoFGArCAgcQABiABBgKwgIGEAAYFhgewgIIEAAYFhgKGB7CAgUQIRigAZgDAfEF_1M94BsHlqyIBgGSBwgxLjMtMTcuMqAHv3g&sclient=gws-wiz-modeless-web-only</ref> === [[Dosiye:Umwami na abakoroni.jpg|thumb|Umwami na abakoroni.jpg]] == Amashakiro; == h637rgpgngkrhalbquscxy534hykmkf 0 19637 137066 134125 2026-09-14T13:12:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137066 wikitext text/x-wiki == Urutonde rw'ibihugu 10 birenze mumupira wamaguru == <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/cz74k72rq9pt</ref>[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira wamaguru]] ni umukino ukunzwe nabenshi ku isi kandi umaze guhinduka aho abantu benshi bashakira ibyishimo ndetse abandi bakahashakira amafaranga. mumupira wamaguru harimo ibihugu byibirangirire . === urutonde rw'ibihugu 10 by'ibihangange mumupira wamaguru<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/dore-urutonde-rwamakipe-40-ayoboye-ayandi-ku-isi-mu-mupira-wamaguru/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-12-18 |archive-date=2024-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219151102/https://yegob.rw/dore-urutonde-rwamakipe-40-ayoboye-ayandi-ku-isi-mu-mupira-wamaguru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 1.Argentina 2. France 3. Spain 4.England 5.Brasil 6.Portugal 7. Netherland 8. Belgium 9.Italy 10.Germany uru nirwo rutonde rw'ibihugu 10 birenze mu mupira wamaguru. uru rutonde rwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2024/25 hakurikijwe imyitwarira yibihugu byose mu marushanwa byitabiriye muri rusange ===== Ishakiro ===== 545brsjlklxe05xmbcmi8ha4nvui8hl 0 19652 136837 135632 2026-09-14T13:06:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''<u><big>PROKIZZY TITO</big></u>''''' PROKIZZY TITO is an emerging Rwandan digital creator, website developer such as ([https://web.archive.org/web/20260602141718/https://corepk.netlify.app/ CORE PK]) and video producer. Based in [[Kigali]], Rwanda, he has actively built his profile around multimedia arts and digital production. Key Roles & Background Multimedia Creator: He works as a video producer, editor, director, and video maker. Graphic Design: He specializes in graphic design and website developing concepts. Education: He attends school at Hope Haven Christian Secondary School in Rwanda. If you are looking for specific work from him, are you interested in finding his video production portfolio, his YouTube channel, or his graphic design projects? Here is one of his websites he created:    [https://web.archive.org/web/20260602141718/https://corepk.netlify.app/ CORE PK] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260602141718/https://corepk.netlify.app/ <nowiki> </nowiki><nowiki>http://www.corepk.netlify.app</nowiki>] == Kugenura bivuze iki?bivuze gusubiza neza umugani ukawisubiza wawusesenguye == Kugenura byumvikana iyo ushubije ikibazo giteye gitya "kuki naka bamwise gutya?."Bamwise"Ntimpirangeza",kubera ko se yari amaze kubyara abana benshi,kandi adafite icyo abareresha gihagije.Ati "Imana si ukumpa abana,irangerageza ngo irebeko nabinubira". Kugenura rero ni ukugenekereza ku kintu cybayeho.Baca umugani ngo<<umugani ugana akariho>>.Baca umugani bafite icyo bahereyeho,ari byo kugenura. '''urugero:'''mu [[Rwanda]] abantu bahoze banga umugayo.Ariko aho amafaranga yadukiye,abantu barahemutse,barakabya.Ibyo byatimye baca umugani ngo"urumiya rwamize inshuti".Bagenuriye ku buhemu bwaturutse ku mafaranga. kugira ngo ushobore gusobanukirwa n'umugani ni ngombwa kumenya aho ukomoka n'icyo bawuciriyeho. Umugani wumvikana kuburyo bubiri:uburyo bwambere ni uburyo bwa kamere yawo,mu mvugo iboneye.Uburyo bwa kabiri ni uburyo bw"imvugo y"amarenga,ishushanya icyo bawuciriye,ari byo byitwa kugenura. '''urugero:'''"inkoko iyo ivuye inkoko itarariye amagi adashobora kuvamo imishwi,ahubwo arabora.Ariko,mu mvugo y'amarenga ugomba kwubaza uti "uyu mugani bawuciye bagenura iki?".Bagenuraga umubyeyi upfuye agasiga abana bakiri bato. Abo bana bagira imibereho mibi,ari byo bishushanya kubora kw'amagi.mugihe cyakera.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/article/ese-kubera-iki-bavuga-ko-hari-imigani-y-imigenurano-itakigendanye-n-igihe</ref> == <u>Inkomoko y'imigani y'imigenurano</u> == Imigani y'imigenurano ishobora gukomoka '''KU MATEKA:''' Urugero:'''"NZASHIRA I NGURUGUNZU NKIRI NGAGI".'''wakomotse kuri NGAGI wari utuye i Ngurugunzu mu kingogo muri Kibirirana Gatumba na Muhororo,ubu ni mu [[Akarere ka Ngororero|karere ka Ngororero]]. Ngagi yari yararanzwe no kuba inyangamugayo idasanzwe.Nta muntu wigeze amwumvaho ijambo ribi.Rimwe umuntu yashatse kumucumuza ngo amwandurize ikamba ry'ubumanzi,amushinga umuhunda w'icumu ku kirenge nkana ,ngo avuge nabi,ate isaro.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/article/ese-kubera-iki-bavuga-ko-hari-imigani-y-imigenurano-itakigendanye-n-igihe</ref> Ngagi yarashinyirije aramubwira,ati"shingura,nzashira i Ngurugunzu nkiri Ngagi."Gushira iNgurugunzu ni ugupfa ,kuko upfuye utongera kugaragara ahantu yari atuye.Uyu mugani ni wo wacira umuntu ushaka kuguhemuza,"nzatsimbarara ku butungane bwanjye,noye kubuvurira,nta soni nterwa n'ibyo nakoze kugeza ubu. # '''Ibyabaye by’ukuri (Amateka)''': Hari imigani yaturutse ku byabaye by’ukuri mu mateka y’abantu cyangwa ibihugu, nk’imvugo yagiye ikoreshwa cyane kubera igisobanuro cyayo gifatika. Urugero: ''"Uwanga amazimwe aburara ku mugoroba."'' # '''Imyitwarire cyangwa imyifatire rusange''': Hari imigani ishingiye ku myitwarire y’abantu n’uko bayifatamo mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Urugero: ''"Urucira mukaso rugatwara nyoko."'' # '''Inyamaswa n’ibinyabuzima''': Imigani myinshi igira aho ihurira n’inyamaswa cyangwa ibinyabuzima, yerekana uko abantu bagiye babihuza n’ibitekerezo byabo. Urugero: ''"Igihe kiragera inka igatera umukamo mu itovu."'' # '''Umurage w’umuco n’imibereho''': Imigani y’imigenurano igira uruhare mu gukomeza umuco, ikigamijwe ni ugusigasira indangagaciro no kwigisha abazabakomokaho.<ref name=":0" /> == Akamaro k'imigani y'imigenurano == Imigani y’imigenurano ifite akamaro k’ingenzi mu buzima bw’abantu, cyane cyane mu rwego rw’umuco, uburezi, n’imibanire. Dore bimwe mu byo imigani y’imigenurano igirira akamaro: === 1. Gutoza indangagaciro n’imyitwarire myiza === Imigani ifasha kwigisha amahame y’imyitwarire n’indangagaciro zirimo ubutwari, ubunyangamugayo, ukwihangana, n’urukundo rw’abandi. Urugero: * ''"Akebo kajya iwa mugarura"'' (bigisha ko ibikorwa byiza cyangwa bibi bigaruka kuri nyirabyo). === 2. Kwibutsa ibyahise n’amateka === Imigani yibutsa abantu ibyabaye mu mateka, bityo ikarinda umuco n’amatwara y’abenegihugu. Urugero: * ''"Igihe kiragera inka igatera umukamo mu itovu"'' (ibibabaje bishobora guhinduka ibyiza mu gihe kizaza). === 3. Gukosora no gucyaha mu kinyabupfura === Imigani ikoreshwa mu gusubiza umuntu cyangwa kumuhwitura atarakarijwe. Urugero: * ''"Agapfa kaburiwe ni impongo"'' (gusobanura ko umuntu wari waraburiwe agomba kwitwararika). === 4. Gushimisha no gusetsa === Hari imigani ikoreshwa mu biganiro by’imiryango cyangwa mu nama kugira ngo byorohe kuganira no gushimisha abitabiriye. Urugero: * ''"Umwami ntiyica agakiza rubanda."'' === 5. Guhanga umurage w’umuco no gusigasira ururimi === Imigani ituma ururimi rw’umwimerere rudacika, kuko ikubiyemo amagambo yihariye afite ibisobanuro byimbitse bigaruka ku miterere n’imibereho y’abaturage. === 6. Kwigisha ubuhanga n’ubumenyi === Imigani irimo amasomo ahanini ashingiye ku bugenge bw’ubuzima, nko kumenya ko hari ingaruka ku bikorwa byose umuntu akora. Urugero: * ''"Uhishira umurozi akakumaraho abana"'' (bigisha kutihanganira ibintu bibi). === 7. Guhuza abantu no kubaka umubano === Iyo abantu basangiye imigani, byubaka umubano kuko ibaganisha ku ntego imwe yo gusangira ibitekerezo no gukomeza umuco. Imigani rero ifite uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bw’abantu n’imiryango, kuko ituma amateka, umuco, n’indangagaciro bidacika mu muryango nyarwanda.<ref>https://chatgpt.com/c/6763ffa9-79ec-8012-9b84-67a4491e2a9e</ref> == Ingero z'imigani y'imigenurano == Dore ingero z’imigani y’imigenurano n’inyigisho ziyikubiyemo: === 1. "[[Uwanga amazimwe aburara ku mugoroba]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Abantu badashaka kumenya amakuru cyangwa ibibakikije bashobora kwisanga mu bibazo kubera kutamenya. * ''Inyigisho'': Biba byiza kumenya amakuru ahagije kugira ngo ubashe kwirinda cyangwa gufata ibyemezo byiza. === 2. "[[Iyo umugabo ashaka urugi, arabona urutindo]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Umuntu wifitemo ubushake bwo gukemura ikibazo abona igisubizo, n'iyo cyaba kitari cyoroshye. * ''Inyigisho'': Kugira ubushake no kwihangana bifasha kugera ku ntego. === 3. "[[Agapfa kaburiwe ni impongo]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Iyo umuntu yaburiwe kenshi ariko ntabyiteho, asanga ingaruka zimusanze. * ''Inyigisho'': Kwitondera inama n'ibimenyetso bishobora kugufasha kwirinda ibibi. === 4. "[[Urucira mukaso rugatwara nyoko]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Iyo ukoreye abandi ibintu bibi, bishobora kukugarukira. * ''Inyigisho'': Ukwiye kwirinda ibikorwa bibi, kuko ushobora kwangiriza n’abawe cyangwa ukabigwamo. === 5. "[[Ijya kurisha ihera ku rugo]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Umuntu akwiye gutangirira ku byo afite cyangwa kubaka aho ari mbere yo gushaka kure. * ''Inyigisho'': Gukemura ibibazo byawe bwite cyangwa byo mu muryango mbere yo kwita ku bindi. === 6. "[[Utaye isuka aba agiye kuyishakira umuheto]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Umuntu utakaje igikoresho cyangwa umutungo runaka aba ashakisha uko yakisubiza cyangwa akabona ibindi bisimbura. * ''Inyigisho'': N'iyo ibintu byapfa, ukwiye gushakisha uburyo bwo kongera kwisubiza cyangwa kubona igisubizo. === 7. "[[Amarira y’inkoko atemba ajya mu jisho]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Iyo umuntu afite ikibazo, ahanini ni we kibabaza kurusha abandi. * ''Inyigisho'': Ibibazo by'umuntu ubifata neza gusa iyo ubirimo, abandi babibona nk'aho byoroheje. === 8. "[[Ushaka inka aryama nka yo]]." === * ''Bisobanura'': Iyo ufite intego runaka, ugomba gukora cyane cyangwa kwitwara nk’uko bikwiye ngo uyigereho. * ''Inyigisho'': Inyota yo kugera ku kintu ikwiye kuba iherekejwe n’ibikorwa bijyanye na cyo. === 9. "Iyo uhetswe n’abakubita, ntiwumva ko uri mu mugongo." === * ''Bisobanura'': Iyo umuntu atazi neza imiterere y’icyo afashijweho, ashobora kutamenya agaciro kacyo cyangwa ingorane zigiherekeje. * ''Inyigisho'': Kumenya agaciro k’ibyo ubona cyangwa ubona bifite ishingiro ni ingenzi. === 10. "Nyamara akanyoni katagurutse kamenywa n’ikirere." === * ''Bisobanura'': Hari ibintu bishobora kwigaragaza neza ukabimenya utabanje kugerageza ibindi byinshi. * ''Inyigisho'': Iby’ingenzi birigaragaza ku buryo bugaragara; si ngombwa gushakisha by’ikirenga. Iyo migani igaragaza ubwenge n’umuco w’abanyarwanda, ikaba itanga inyigisho zikomeye mu mibereho ya buri munsi.<ref>https://chatgpt.com/c/6763ffa9-79ec-8012-9b84-67a4491e2a9e</ref> == Amoko y'imigani y'imigenurano == Imigani y’imigenurano ifite amoko atandukanye, ashingiye ku ntego n’inyigisho y'iyo migani. Dore amoko nyamukuru y’imigani y’imigenurano: ---- === 1. Imigani y’Ibigisha (Y'amahame) === * Iyo migani yigisha amahame y’imyitwarire, indangagaciro, n’imico myiza. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"[[Agapfa kaburiwe ni impongo]]."'' ** ''"Akebo kajya iwa mugarura."'' ** ''"I[[Ijya kurisha ihera ku rugo|jya kurisha ihera ku rugo]]."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Kwitondera impuruza, gukora ibyiza, no kubanza gufasha abakwegereye. ---- === 2. Imigani Ikomoka ku Mateka === * Iyo migani ishingiye ku byabaye mu mateka, cyane cyane mu mibereho y’abanyarwanda. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Aho kwica gitera, wakwica nyirayo."'' ** ''"Urucira mukaso rugatwara nyoko."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Ikibabaje n'ingaruka z’ubugome cyangwa kutagira ubumuntu. ---- === 3. Imigani y’Ubwirwa no Guhwitura === * Iyo migani ikoreshwa mu gucyaha cyangwa guhwitura umuntu mu buryo butarimo kwihanangiriza. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Ibyaye ikiboze irakirigata."'' ** ''"[[Ushaka inka aryama nka yo|Ushaka inka aryama nka yo.]]"'' * '''Inyigisho''': Kwirinda ibikorwa bibi no guhindura imyitwarire. ---- === 4. Imigani y’Imbunda y'Ubuhanga (Y'ubushishozi) === * Iyo migani igaragaza ubuhanga bwo gutekereza no gukemura ibibazo. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Iyo umugabo ashaka urugi, arabona urutindo."'' ** ''" Akanyoni katagurutse ntikamenya iyo bweze."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Gukoresha ubwenge no guhanga udushya mu rugamba rw’ubuzima. ---- === 5. Imigani Igaruka ku Mibanire n’Abandi === * Igaragaza uburyo abantu bakwiye kubana mu bwumvikane n’ubutabera. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Inkoni y’umwambi ntibura icyo ikoma."'' ** ''"Akaryoshye kose karimara."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Kwirinda amahane, kwicisha bugufi, no gufasha abandi. ---- === 6. Imigani Ijyanye n’Ubugingo n’Umutekano === * Iyi migani isobanura uburyo bwo kwirinda ibibazo no guharanira amahoro. * '''Ingero''': ** ''"Amasinde ntazaca inzara."'' ** ''"Uwanga amazimwe aburara ku mugoroba."'' * '''Inyigisho''': Kwicisha bugufi no gukurikira inama. ----Iyi migani yose irerekana ubwenge bw’abanyarwanda mu gucengera ubuzima no kugenera abantu inyigisho z’ingirakamaro mu buryo bworoshye kandi burimo ubwenge.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} fhhryw7vkb6f8q9eeg3gq8n7d5xzyhl 0 19656 137031 136097 2026-09-14T13:11:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137031 wikitext text/x-wiki == Utazi ubwenge ashima ubwe == [[Intare]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-imibereho-y-intare-n-uko-zororoka</ref> [[umwami]] w'ishyamba yarwaje umwana, ibura ibitotsi ikajya irara yomongana mu ishyamba ryose, iboroga bicika, iririra icyana cyayo. Ibaza imiti biba iby'ubusa, umurwayi akomeza kuremba kuko indwara yari yarayoberanye. Intare igeze aho yigira inama yo gukoranya ingabo zayo ngo izibaze umuti wayikiriza umwana. Buri bwoko bwose bw'inyamaswa bwohereza umuhanga bwiyizimo kubuhagararira. [[Dosiye:Lion Panthera Leo (53549616).jpeg|thumb|Intare]] Inama y'abahanga ikabamo ingwe, ingeragere, umuhari, [[inzovu]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/spip.php?page=recherche&recherche=inzovu&x=0&y=0</ref>, imparage, amasatura n'izindi. Indwara iranga irayoberana, imiti igeragejwe ikabisubiza irudubi. Abahanga bamaze gushoberwa, nyiramuhari yari ifitanye amasinde n'ikinyogote ishaka kukiroha. Nibwo ibwiye intare iti «Nyagasani, naje aha mvuye mu rugendo rwa kure kandi nahabarije imiti myinshi none nagira ngo mbabwire umuti wakiza umwana.» Intare iyikubita urwara iti «maze ugatinda bigeze aha ngaha!» Nyiramuhari iti «nimurase ikinyogote, umwana anywe amaraso yacyo ashyushye, ahage, dusigarane umurimo wo kumwondora.» Ikinyogote kibyumvise gihinda umushyitsi. Kiraza n'imbere y'intare gikoma yombi, amavi kiyarimiza mu butaka, kiti : «Nyagasani, sinakwemera ko umwana wawe apfa kandi nshobora kumuvura, ubuzima bwanjye ntiburuta ubwe, Cyakora narenzweho, nanjye uwo muti naje nywuzi ariko nyiramuhari yawibagiweho ikintu cya ngombwa. Naho twawukuye ndahababwira: Tujya kuza mu nama, twagiye kuri ba bandi bagendera ku tuguru tubiri, baratubwira bati: ni mwe mwembi umuti uzaturukaho. Bazashake [[ubwonko]]<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ubwonko-butozwa-bute</ref> bwa nyiramuhari, babuminjiremo amaraso y'ikinyogote, umwana abirye,azakira.» Izindi nyamaswa ziteze amatwi ziti «nimugire bwangu umwana ataducika !» Nuko nyiramuhari bayica agahanga, baragasatura bakuramo ubwonko. Ikinyogote bakivoma amaraso mu mutsi w'ukuguru bayaminjira mu bwonko bwa nyiramuhari babisuka icyana cy'intare. Inama irangira ityo; ikinyogote kigenda gicumbagira, n'ubundi ariko cyari kibisanganywe, kuko cyari kimaze iminsi bagitereye umujugujugu mu myumbati. Hashize iminsi ibiri, ruranga rutwara cya cyana cy'intare. == ibintu biranga abanyabwenge == abantu becibibaza aho abantu babahanga ahobakura ubwege ndore ibishobora gutuma uba umuhanga icyambere kugira inombero yokumenya icyo utazi. ibyobishobora gutuma ugira umuhate ugakoracyane kuburyo ushobokumenya ibindi mugihe urigushaka kumenyacyacyandi.icyindi ugusomacyane ibitabo . abahanga bavugako iyo usoma [[igitabo]] wuguka byici kuruta ibyowashakaga ibyorero bishobora kugufasha ariko nago ariko bose basoma ibitabo ngo babyummvekimwe ariko iyowabihaye umwanya nago bishobora kwaga kujyamo bavugako icyintu cyose ukoranye ubwege nu mutimawawe wose icyocyintu uko arikokose ugikoraneza. icyagatatu kugira intego mubuzima. iyo ufite intego mubuzimabwawe nushobo gukara ibintu mukajagari kuko uba ufite icyo ushaka kugeraho ibyo bigafasha abanyabwenge cyane mubuzimabwabo.icyindi bababatuje mubuzimabwabo oxyyjvf319t1zb8h69767a846nic58r 0 19659 136771 119365 2026-09-14T13:05:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136771 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The one ring animated.gif|thumb|''Impeta'']] Impeta ni igikoresho cy'ubukwe cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'ubusabane bw'umubano, kikaba gikoreshwa cyane mu mibanire hagati y'abashakanye cyangwa abifuza kubana mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko. impeta akenshi iba igizwe n'icyuma cyangwa ikindi kintu cy'agaciro, kandi igakoreshwa mu buryo bw'ikimenyetso kigaragaza urukundo, ukwizerana, ndetse n'ubufatanye hagati y'abantu<ref>https://chatgpt.com/</ref> == Ubwoko bw'impeta == * '''Impeta y'ubukwe''': Iyi ni impeta igaragaramo urukundo hagati y'umugabo n'umugore, yambarwa mu kiganza cya mbere (agatuza), kandi igaragaza ko abantu babiri basinye amasezerano yo kubana ubuzima bwose. Akenshi iba igizwe n'ibintu by'agaciro, nk'inyenyeri, zahabu, cyangwa diyama. * '''Impeta y'icyubahiro''': Iyi ni impeta ikoreshwa mu kugaragaza icyubahiro ku muntu runaka, cyane cyane mu rwego rw'ubuyobozi, cyangwa mu rwego rw'umurimo. * '''Impeta y'urukundo''': Iyi ni impeta yihariye ishobora gukoreshwa hagati y'abantu bashaka kugaragaza urukundo rwabo, ariko itari mu rwego rw'ubukwe. [[Dosiye:Wedding vow P1070616.jpg|thumb|impeta z'abashakanye]] == UBUSOBANURO BW'IMPETA BITEWE N'URUTOKI UYAMBAYEHO<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-ubusobanuro-bw-impeta-bitewe-n-urutoki-uyambayeho</ref> == Ni byiza ko umenya ubusobanuro bw'impeta bitewe n'urutoki uyambayeho kugirango wirinde gutanaga amakuru atari yo bitewe n'ababisobanukiwe.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-ubusobanuro-bw-impeta-bitewe-n-urutoki-uyambayeho</ref> '''1.Igikumwe /Thumb''' Nk’uko uru rutoki ari runini kandi rukaba rukora buri gihe cyose izindi zikora, iyo ushyizeho impeta biba bisonura ko wigenga, utavugirwamo, kandi ko unikunda. '''2.Urukurikira igikumwe/ The thinger follows the thumb''' Ibi bisobanura ubutware kuko ari na rwo bakoresha iyo umuntu agutunga urutoki ashaka kukubwira ko ibyo urimo gukora atari byiza kandi akabikora agaragaza ko akuyobora. '''3.Urutoki rurerure/ Long finger''' Uru ni urutoki rurerure gusumba izindi kandi runagororotse gusumba izindi. Kwambaraho impeta bisobanura ko umuntu ahamya ko afitiye umuryango (sosiyete) akamaro kandi ko aharanira kwiteza imbere. '''4.Mukuruwameme/ meme boss''' Uru ni urutoki rujyaho impeta isobanura ko umuntu yarangije kugira uwo ahitamo akamwegurira ubuzima bwe bwose ngo babusangire, ikaba yambara umuntu washyingiwe cyangwa se wihaye imana. '''5.Agahera/ Last finger''' Uru ni urutoki ruto kurusha izindi rwegereye urwambarwaho impeta ya marriage kwambara impeta ahangaha bivuga ko ufite undi ukugaragiye mu mibanire yawe n’abandi cyangwa se ufite imbogamizi z’igitsina uri cyo. '''Kwambara Ku ntoki zose''' Ibi bisobanura ko nta mutekano ufite, cyangwa se ko ugaragara uko utifuzaga kuba wagaragara, cyangwa se ko abandi bakubona uko wowe utari. 27ytudc3en6kgbyta4sgqlt2vewnq4s 0 19689 136918 135295 2026-09-14T13:08:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136918 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rub al Khali 002.JPG|thumb|474x474px]] '''Ubutayu''' ni ahantu hameze nk'ubutaka budahagije cyangwa bwumye, akenshi bukaba bufite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi budafite imvura ihagije. Ibi bituma ubutayu bugira umwihariko w'ubuzima buke kandi bukaba butagira ubworozi bwinshi cyangwa ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi nka ahandi hantu.<ref>What Is a Desert?</ref> '''Ubutayu''' bushobora kuba: # '''Budasanzwe mu mibereho''': Bivuze ko ubuzima bwaho bugerwaho n'ibimera cyangwa inyamaswa byihariye, byabashije kwihanganira izo ngorane z'ubushyuhe n'umwuma. # '''Imiterere y'ubutaka''': Aho ubutayu buhari, ubutaka bushobora kuba bugizwe n’ibihuru, imfizi, cyangwa amabuye menshi. Kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi n’imvura nke, ahantu nk'aha hashobora kuba nta bimera byinshi cyangwa ibinyabuzima bibasha kwihanganira ayo makuba. == Ibitera ubutayu == '''Ubutayu''' buterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, harimo: # '''Ibura ry'imvura''': Ubutayu bukunze guterwa n'ibura ry'imvura, aho ahantu runaka habura amazi kubera ko hatabona imvura ihagije. Ibi bituma ubutaka buba bwumye kandi ntibushobore kuba ibikorerwamo ubuhinzi cyangwa ubworozi busanzwe. # '''Ubushyuhe bukabije''': Ahantu h'ubutayu hahura n'ubushyuhe bukabije, cyane cyane mu bihe by'ihindagurika ry'ikirere. Ibi bituma bitabasha kubaho ibimera byinshi cyangwa inyamaswa zisanzwe zibaho ahandi. # '''Imiterere y'ubutaka''': Aho ubutayu buba, ubutaka bushobora kuba bukungahaye ku mabuye, amabuye manini, cyangwa ubutaka bworoshye cyane. Ibi bigatuma amazi agera mu butaka bugatakara byoroshye. # '''Imihindagurikire y'ikirere''': Ku buryo bw'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, ibihe nk'ibi bitera ubutayu. Imihindagurikire y'ikirere, nk'imvura nyinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije, bishobora gutera guhinduka k'ubutaka cyangwa kwangirika k'umwimerere. # '''Imikorere y'abantu''': Icyo twita ubutayu mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, gishobora guterwa no kwangirika kw'ibidukikije kubera ibikorwa by'abantu, nka gahunda z'ubuhinzi budakurikije gahunda zisanzwe, ibikorwa by'ubwubatsi, cyangwa gucukura ubutaka byangiza ibidukika == Ingaruka z'ubutayu == '''Ingaruka z’ubutayu''' ni nyinshi kandi zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’abantu, inyamaswa, ibimera, ndetse n'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Dore zimwe mu ngaruka z'ubutayu: # '''Kubura Amazi''': #* Ubutayu butera kubura amazi ku buryo bukomeye. Ibi bituma abantu bagira ikibazo cyo kubona amazi meza yo kunywa, gukoresha mu buhinzi, cyangwa mu bindi bikorwa bya buri munsi. # '''Ibura ry'ubutaka bwo guhingamo''': #* Kubera ubushyuhe n'umwuma, ubutayu butera ubutaka kuba bw'umye, bityo bukaba butashobora guhingwamo ibihingwa byinshi. Ibi bituma abantu babura ibiribwa byabo, kandi bigateza ikibazo cy'ibiribwa. == Ibinyabuzima byo mubutayu == '''Ibinyabuzima byo mu butayu''' birangwa n’ibinyabuzima byihariye byashoboye kwihanganira ibihe bikomeye by’ubushyuhe n’umwuma. Muri butayu, ibinyabuzima byakoresheje uburyo bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije, kubura amazi, no guhangana n’ibindi bibazo biterwa n’imiterere y’ubutayu. Dore bimwe mu binyabuzima byo mu butayu: === 1. Ibimera byo mu butayu: === * [[Dosiye:Pachycereus pringlei forest.jpg|thumb|BIMWE MU BIMERA BYO MUBUTAYU ]]'''Cactus (Cactus)''': Ibi bimera birangwa no kugira amazi menshi mu mizi cyangwa mu mashami, kandi bikaba byihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Cactus irashobora kubaho igihe kirekire idakenera amazi menshi, igakingira ibikoresho byayo amazi muri "stomata" ku buryo ibasha kwihanganira imvura nke. * '''Acacia trees''': Ibiti nka '''Acacia''' nabyo bihangana n’umwuma, kandi bigira imizi miremire ifasha kubona amazi akenewe. * '''Sagebrush''': Iki kimera gikunze kuboneka mu butayu bwo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, aho gihangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi kigashobora kumisha mu gihe cy’izuba ryinshi. === 2. Inyamaswa zo mu butayu: === * [[Dosiye:Giant Desert Hairy Scorpion (9403003820).jpg|thumb|Ibisimba by'umutwe muremure bizwi nka sikoropiyo]]'''[[Ibisimba by’umutwe muremure]]''' (Scorpions): Ibi binyamaswa bimenyeranwa n’ubushyuhe bukabije bwo mu butayu, kandi byishimira kuba mu duce tw’umwuma. Zishobora kwihanganira igihe kirekire idakenera amazi. * [[Dosiye:Crotalus durissus durissus Schauerklapperschlange.jpg|thumb|zimwe mu nzoka ziboneka mubutayu zizwi kwizina rya rattlesnake]]'''Inzoka (Snakes)''': Inzoka nyinshi ziboneka mu butayu, harimo nka '''Python''' cyangwa '''Rattlesnake''' mu butayu bwa Amerika. Zifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi no guhindura ibikorwa byazo hashingiwe ku gihe cy’umwuma n’ubushyuhe. * '''Ibinyamanza byo mu butayu''' (Camels): Camel ni inyamaswa izwiho gukomera mu butayu. Zishobora kubaho iminsi myinshi nta mazi, kuko zibika amazi menshi mu mubiri wazo ndetse zikagira ibitoke byihariye bituma zishobora gufata ingufu mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe. * '''Ibinyamaswa byo mu mazi make''': Hari inyamaswa n’ibinyamanswa byo mu mazi make mu butayu nka '''frogs''' n’'''insects''' biba mu bihuru cyangwa mu duce tw’amazi y’ibiyaga bito. === 3. [[Inyoni]]: === * [[Dosiye:Vultures in the nest, Orchha, MP, India edit.jpg|thumb|Zimwe mu nyoni ziboneka mubutayu]]'''Inyoni zo mu butayu''': Zimwe mu nyoni zo mu butayu harimo inyoni nka '''vultures''' cyangwa '''hawks'''. Izi nyoni zishobora kubona ibiryo bituruka ku nyamaswa zishaje, ndetse zikaba zifite ubushobozi bwo kubaho mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. == Uburyo bwo Kwihanganira Ubushyuhe n’Umwuma: == * '''Gukoresha imiturire yihariye''': Ibinyabuzima byo mu butayu byashyizeho uburyo bwo kubika amazi, cyane cyane mu bihe by’imvura n’ubushyuhe. Urugero ni ibinyabuzima bibika amazi muri ''tissues'' (nk'ibimera na camels), cyangwa kugabanya gukoresha amazi nk’inzoka n’ibinyabuzima byo mu butayu. * '''Ubushobozi bwo kwihagararaho mu mpera z’umunsi''': Inyamaswa nk’amate (snakes) cyangwa ibisimba bimwe, bikoresha uburyo bwo guhagarara no kutagenda cyane ku manywa igihe ubushyuhe bukabije, bakajya gukorera igihe cy’ijoro cyangwa mu masaha akonje. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ctbj1iqb1t79wfp7b9mxzr6pr6y1mnb 0 19821 137107 119998 2026-09-14T13:17:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137107 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubucuruzi mu rubyiruko. == Mu bijyanye n’ubukungu, '''ubucuruzi''' ni igikorwa cyo guhererekanya ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi hagati y’abantu, amasosiyete, cyangwa ibihugu hagamijwe inyungu. Mu Rwanda rero urubyiruko rwinshi mu rwego rwo kwiteza imbere benshi bishoye mu bucuruzi. Ubucuruzi bushobora gukorwa mu buryo butandukanye, harimo: '''Ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu: ubu ni ubwoko bw' ubucuruzi bukorerwa imbere mu gihugu hagati y' abantu cyangwa ibigo.''' '''Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga: ubu ni ubwoko bw' ubucuruzi bukererwa hagati y' abantu cyangwa ibigo gusa muu bihugu bitandukanye.''' Ubucuruzi butemewe (black market): ubu ni ubwoko bw' ubucuruzi bukorwa mu buryo butemewe n' amtegeko urugero bacuruza ibicuruzwa bitemewe cyangwa bacuruza ibicuruzwa banyujije mu nzira zitemewe. Ubucuruzi rero ni inkingi ikomeye mu bukungu kuko bugira uruhare mu kuzamura iterambere ry'igihugu, guteza imbere ishoramari, no guha abantu akazi. == Akamaro k' ubucuruzi. == Ubucuruzi bufite umumaro munini mu iterambere ry' igihugu cyacu cyane cyane muryu bukungu bwacu. 1. '''Guteza imbere ubukungu''' 2. '''Gutanga imirimo''' 3. '''Guteza imbere inganda n’ubuhinzi''' 4. '''Kuzamura urwego rw’ibicuruzwa n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga''' Ndetse n' ibindi byinshi. Gusa nubwo hari ingaruka nziza bigira harimo n' ingaruka mbi harimo: 1. '''Kureka ishuri.''' 2. '''Kwinjira mu bucuruzi butemewe.''' 3. '''Gushyira imbere amafaranga kurusha ubuzima bwiza.''' [[Dosiye:Mpishi akiandaa Chipsi mayai.jpg|thumb|253x253px|Aha ni urubyiruko rwiyemeje kwikorera ubucuruzi buciriritse.]] 7. '''Gukoresha nabi amafaranga.''' hi9jfvpiib68embck4bkbci7alw57hj 0 19870 137032 134346 2026-09-14T13:11:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137032 wikitext text/x-wiki Mubuzima bwacu bwaburimunsi kugirango umuntu abeho nuko agomba gufata intungamubiri zose zuzuye umubiri wacu ukenera arizo dusanga mundyo yuzuye,none wakibaza ngo:ese indyo yuzuye iba imeze ite,ese yaba igizwe n'ayhe mafunguro nibyo tugiye kureba. Abantu benshi rero usanga batekerezako indyo yuzuye bisaba kuba ufite amafunguro menshi cyangwase bisaba igishoro kinini akaba arinayo mpamvu usanga bamwe nabamwe bavugako indyo yuzuye ariya bantu bakize gusa ariko nagirango mvuge ko uko ari ukwibeshya impamvu ni uko indyo yuzuye idasaba ibintu bihenze cyane cyangwa ngo ibe igenewe bamwe gusa ngo kubera aribo bafite ubushobozi.Bimwe mubigize indyo yuzuye twasangamo ibyiciro bitatu byingenzi aribyo ibi bikurikira, === Ibyiciro dusangamo. === === 1.Ibyubaka umubiri === Mundyo yuzuye tugiramo ibyubaka umubiri aho dusangamo intunga mubiri zubaka umubiri tukaba tuzisanga mumafunguro agiye atandukanye kandi yoroshye kubonnwa naburiwese urugero;amagi,soya,ibishyimbo,inyama,amafi ndetse nibindi bitandukanye.Mubyubaka umubiri dusangamo intungamubiri zikungahaye cyane kuri( protein) none wakibaza akamaro ka protein kumubiri wacu? Izi ntungamubiri (proteins) ziri mubif asha umubiri wacu mimikorere yawo yaburimunsi.Buri gice cy'umubiri wacu gikora proteyine ngo gikore neza,urugero;mu igogora(digestion), guhumeka(respiration) ni bindi ikora nka enzyme.Proteyine zongera ingufu n'ubushyuhe mumubiri mugihe ibinyamasukari byashize zikaba zifasha imikaya yacu mukongera kwisana nyuma yo gukomereka.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/92650/menya-ibigize-indyo-yuzuye-nuko-wategura-indyo-yuzuye-ugaca-ukubiri-nindwara-zituruka-ku-m-92650.html#google_vignette</ref> === 2.Ibitera imbaraga === Mubitera imbaraga dusangamo amafunguro akungahaye cyane kubinyamasukari ndetse navitamineB,C, Dna E.I biribwa dusangamo izi vitamine ni ibijumba,imyumbati,umuceri,ibirayi n'imbuto nynshi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/92650/menya-ibigize-indyo-yuzuye-nuko-wategura-indyo-yuzuye-ugaca-ukubiri-nindwara-zituruka-ku-m-92650.html</ref>Izi vitamine zose zifasha umubiri wacu gukora neza zigafasha no mwikoreshwa neza ry'ubwonko. === 3.Ibirinda indwara === M,undyo yuzuye kandi dusangamo ibirinda indwara aho dusangamo vitamine nyinshi zigiye zitandukanye harimo vitamineA,B1,B2,B3,B4,B5,B6,B7,B9,B12,C,D,K,naE.Izi vitamine tuzisanga mumboga nka dodo,amashu,karoti,n'imbuto zirimo avoka,inanasi,amtunda,imineke nibindi.Imboga n'imbuto ahanini tuzisangamo vitamineC,A,E,na K.Naho vitamine B ahanini tuzisanga mubikomoka kumatungo.Ibibyose biturinda indwara ziterwa no kubura vitamin. Ningombwa rero ko buri muntu wese yita kumirire ye ndetse akagerageza gufata izi ntungamubiri zose kuko zose ari ingirakamaro kubuzima bwacu. [[Dosiye:Kigali downtown food spot.jpg|thumb|Indyo yuzuye]] ==== Akamaro k'indyo yuzuye kubuzima bwacu ==== -Indyo yuzuye ituma umubiri wacu uhorana imbaraga kandi ukomeye. -Kongera ubudahangarwaa bw'umubiri wacu ndetse no guhashya indwara. -Kongera imikaya no gusana ingingo. -kuryanya indwara ahanini ziterwa n'imirire miboi. Ibi byose nitura muka tubikurikije tugafata intunga mubiri zose uko bikwiye ntakabuza yuzagira ubuzima bwiza. Umwandutsi:IFASHUWACU Kevine sygslxz6dgrx1b7u39byttw5a3b0jeo 0 19877 136838 120402 2026-09-14T13:06:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136838 wikitext text/x-wiki == Gihanga ngomijana == Ni umwami wambere w'Urwanda wahanze ingoma y'urwanda wavukiye mu umubari (Ubu ni mukarere ka kayonza) Mu ntangiriro z’ubutegetsi bwe, Gihanga nta ngoma yimanye, ahubwo yategekeshaga ibindi birango bibiri aribyo inyundo n’ikindi gikoresho cy’umuziki bita urusengo.Ibyo gushyiraho ingoma nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubwami ngo yaba yarabizaniwe n’uwitwa Rubunga nawe abikopeye mu bucurabwenge bwakoreshwaga n’abitwa Abarenge. Abarenge bari Abasinga, aribo bitwaga Abasangwabutaka(bivuga abo Abanyiginya basanze bategeka) ngo akaba ari bo bari mu gihugu mbere y’uko iriya ngoma Nyiginya iza kurutegeka.Ingoma ya mbere yakoreshejwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Gihanga yahawe izina rya Rwoga bituruka ku ijambo ’kwogera’ cyangwa se ’kwamamara’.[https://www.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/amateka-y-umwami-gihanga-i-ngomijana] == Abagore Gihanga Yashakanye nabo == Ikindi amateka garagaza, avuga ko Gihanga yagiye abyara abana batandukanye badahuje ba nyina kuko nawe yari afite abagore benshi nk'uko byari bisanzwe bimenyerewe mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere. Umugore wa mbere wa Gihanga ari uwitwa Nyamususa akaba umukobwa wa Jeni uturuka mu bwoko bw'Abarenge akaba yarabyaranye n'uyu mugore Kanyarwanda Gahima (Wamusimbuye ku Ngoma), Kanyandorwa Sabugabo se wa Mushambo ukomokwaho n'ubwoko bw' Abashambo (Wabaye Umwami wo mu Ndorwa), Ndetse n'uwitwa Kanyabugesera Mugondo se wa Muhondogo sekuruza w'ubwoko Abahondogo (Bategetse u Bugesera ), Ndetse na Nyirarucyaba umukuramberekazi w'ubwoko bw'Abacyaba (Bategekaga Ingoma y'u Bugara). Gihanga yarongoye kandi Nyangobero ukomoka mu Bunyabungo (Intara ya Kivu y'Amajyepfo) barabyarana Kanyabungo Ngabo waje gutegeka mu Bunyabungo ndetse arongora na Nyirampirangwe babyarana Gashubi se wa Gashingo ukomokwaho n'abitwa Abashingo ndetse ngo babyarana n'undi mwana witwa Gafomo. Gihanga yari afite undi mugore w'inshoreke witwaga Nyirarutsobe babyarana Rutsobe umukurambere w'abo mu bwoko bw'Abatsobe.[https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=584e8119f307b1134b88fd07883df9d60cd&vario=229a9f382b7e96e8e74cf5c299f6634e5d] 1nk52a0ibahuaw3t8r50h7cni5mzy7s 0 19882 137124 133396 2026-09-14T13:18:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137124 wikitext text/x-wiki Urwunge rw'amashuri rwa Nyinawimana ni ikigo giherereye mu ntara y'Amajyaruguru mu Karere ka Gicumbi Umurenge wa Nyamiyaga mu Kagari ka Kiziba . Kikaba gifite abanyeshuri bose hamwe barenga 2800 kikaba cyarashizwe mu 1960. Kilizi ya Nyinawimana)abanyeshuri basengeramo kikaba ari ikigo gitanga uburere bunoze kikaba gitsindisha k'urwego rwo hejuru kandi kikaba gifite n'ibyumba cy'abakobwa abagize ikibazo bafashirizwamo, ikindi gifite igikone batekeramo gifite isuku kandi kitegereye abanyeshuri ku buryo kitababangamira bigatuma biga neza bakanatsinda neza k'urwego rushimishije.<ref name=":0" /> === Groupe Scolaire Nyinawimana === Groupe Scolaire Nyinawimana ni ikigo cy'amashuri giherereye mu Karere ka [[Gicumbi Ibiti ibihumbi 12 byatewe mu gukumira isuri n’inkangu|Gicumb]]<nowiki/>i. Iyo bavuze Nyinawinana wumva Bikiramariya;ariko mu karere ka Gicumbi mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru hari umusozi witwa Nyinawimana hakaba ariho habarizwa iki kigo. Ariko padiri NDAYAMBAJE Ildophonse akavuga ko uyu musozi bakunda kuwita " Mugisaninzu" kubera ibicu bikunda kuba bihabuditse. Nyuma haje gushingwa paruwasi Nyinawimana tariki ya mbere ugushyingo 1960.Ubu rero iki kigo gifite ibyumba by'amashuri birenga mirongo itatu harererwamo abahungu n'abakobwa;Abanyehuri barenga ibihumbi bitatu ndetse n'abarimu barenga mirongo inani.Iki kigo gifite ibyiciro bitatu byamashuri aribyo amashuri y'inshuke (nursery),abanza primary ndetse n'ayisumbuye agabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu aribyo indimi,amateka n'ubumenyi bw'isi. Cyashinzwe mu mwaka w'igihumbi kimwe magana kenda mirongo itandatu(1960)<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/menya-inkomoko-y-izina-nyinawimana-ryitiwe-umusozi-wo-muri-gicumbi</ref>. Ni ishuri rya kiliziya Gatolika, rikaba ryararagijwe mutagatifu Fransisiko Xaveri<ref>gs nyinawimana - Search</ref>kikaba gifite umuyobozi witwa SEBAHIRE Deogratius ariwe deregiteri. Nyinawimana ni ikigo kinini cyane. Gihuriraho abayeshuri benshi, ikindi kandi iki kigo gikorana n'imishinga myinshi. Ari avs , cartas ndetse n'iyindi myinshi.Ikindi Kandi iyi mishinga ifasha abanyeshuri benshi bagatsinda bishimishije. Amakuru mashya ahari ubu nuko iki kigo kitakiyoborwa na SEBAHIRE ahubwo biravurwa ko derigiteri yahinduwe [[Nyinawimana]] '''Amashakiro;''' qlu4zhqs1h15y8ob69tciqvnbyhcmrx 0 19895 136919 120731 2026-09-14T13:08:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136919 wikitext text/x-wiki Ubworozi mu Rwanda ni imwe mu mirimo y'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi igira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw'igihugu. Mu Rwanda, ubworozi bw'amatungo ni ingirakamaro mu gutanga ibiribwa, ndetse no guteza imbere ubukungu binyuze mu gukora imirimo itandukanye y'ubworozi. Ubworozi bw'amatungo mu Rwanda bukorwa ku rwego rwo hejuru, cyane cyane mu bworozi bw'inka, intama, ingurube, ndetse n'inkoko. == Ubworozi buboneka mu Rwanda == Mu Rwanda, ubworozi buboneka butandukanye, kandi buri bworozi bufite umusaruro wihariye mu kuzamura ubukungu bw'igihugu. Dore ubworozi bukunze kuboneka mu Rwanda: # '''Ubworozi bw'Inka''': #* [[Dosiye:HO2A0260.jpg|thumb|150x150px|ubworozi bw'inka z'amata]]'''Inka z'amata''': U Rwanda rufite ubworozi bw'inka z'amata, aho aborozi bakurikirana cyane umusaruro w'amata. Inka nka ''Friesian'' n’izindi zifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amata menshi ni zo ziba ziri ku isoko. #* [[Dosiye:Ikiraro cy'inka1.jpg|thumb|128x128px|ubworozi bw'Inka z'inyama]]'''Inka z'inyama''': Aborozi mu Rwanda baracyubaka ubworozi bw’inka z'inyama, cyane cyane mu bice by'iburasirazuba n'amajyepfo y’igihugu. Izi nka zitanga inyama zifatwa nk'ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo.[[Dosiye:Chicken for meat yammy.jpg|thumb|137x137px|ubworozi bw'inkoko]] # '''Ubworozi bw'Inkoko''': #* Ubworozi bw'inkoko bukorwa cyane cyane mu gihugu, bukaba bugamije gutanga amagi n'inyama. Inkoko ziba mu bice bitandukanye, kandi zirororwa mu buryo bw'ubworozi bw’inkoko z'amagi n'inyama. # '''Ubworozi bw'Intama''': #* Mu Rwanda, ubworozi bw'intama bukorwa cyane cyane mu bice by'iburasirazuba n'amajyepfo. Intama zitanga inyama n’amavuta, ndetse n’imisatsi yayo ishobora kugurishwa mu gukora ibikoresho by’ubukorikori cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa. # '''Ubworozi bw'Ingurube''': #* Ingurube nazo ni amatungo akururwa n'abaturage mu Rwanda, cyane cyane mu bice by'amajyaruguru no mu bindi bice. Ubworozi bw'ingurube bugamije gutanga inyama, nubwo bukunze guhura n'ibibazo bishingiye ku miterere y'ubuzima bwazo. # '''Ubworozi bw'Inyoni (Nko mu giturage)''': #* Ubworozi bw'inyoni nka ''turkeys'', ''ducks'' n’izindi nyoni nabwo bukorwa mu bice bimwe na bimwe, bugamije gutanga inyama ndetse n'amagi. N'ubwo butari bwagutse cyane, ubworozi bw'inyoni bukomeje gukura mu Rwanda. # '''Ubworozi bw'Ibigori n'Inyambo''': #* Ibigori nabyo bikoreshwa mu Rwanda mu buryo bw'ubworozi, aho abaturage bita ku bworozi bw’inyambo, nk'inka zifite agaciro mu migenzo n’ubukerarugendo. == Akamaro k'ubworozi mu Rwanda == Ubworozi bufite akamaro kanini mu buzima bw'abantu, ubukungu bw'igihugu, ndetse n'iterambere ry'imiryango. Dore bimwe mu by'akamaro bworozi bufite: === 1. Gutanga Ibikenerwa By'ibanze: === * '''Ibiribwa''': Ubworozi butanga ibiribwa bikenewe mu buzima bwa buri munsi, nk’amata, inyama, amagi, n'ibindi biribwa by’amatungo. Ibi biribwa bifasha mu kurwanya ikibazo cy'inzara, bigafasha mu gutanga ibiribwa byiza kandi byuzuye intungamubiri.[[Dosiye:Milk glass.jpg|thumb|AMATA]]'''Amata''': Amata ni isoko ikomeye y'ibiribwa byiza ku buzima, by'umwihariko abana n'abantu bakuze. Amata kandi akorwa mu bintu bitandukanye nk'ibinyobwa, ibinyobwa by'amatungo, n'ibindi. === 2. Inyungu z'ubukungu: === * '''Ubukungu bw'igihugu''': Ubworozi bufasha guteza imbere ubukungu bw'igihugu binyuze mu gutanga imirimo, gutanga umusaruro w'amatungo, n'ibicuruzwa by'amatungo nk'inyama n'amata. * '''Imirimo''': Abantu benshi mu Rwanda babona imirimo ikomeye mu bworozi, haba mu guhinga, mu bworozi bw'inka, inkoko, ingurube, ndetse no mu gucuruza ibicuruzwa byavuye mu bworozi. * '''Gukora ibicuruzwa''': Ibicuruzwa by'amatungo, nk'inyama, amata, ibinyomoro, n'ibindi, bitangwa ku isoko, bikanabasha kugera ku bihugu by’amahanga. === 3. Kurwanya Imirire Mibi: === * '''Kurwanya imirire mibi''': Amata, inyama, n'amagi atangwa n'ubworozi bifasha cyane mu kurwanya imirire mibi, cyane cyane mu bana, aho batakaza intungamubiri zose mu mikurire yabo. === 4. Imibereho Myiza: === * '''Gukora ibikorwa by’ubukorikori''': Ibikoresho bikomoka ku matungo, nk'uruhu n'ibindi, bitunganywa kugira ngo byifashishwe mu gukora imyenda, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, n'ibindi. * '''Gutanga ibisubizo ku bibazo by'ingutu''': Mu gihe habaye ikibazo cyo kugabanya ubworozi, abaturage bashobora kugaburira amateke cyangwa bakayabyaza umusaruro. === 5. Kurinda Ibidukikije: === * '''Icyiza cy'ibimera by'amatungo''': Ubworozi bushobora kugirira akamaro ibidukikije binyuze mu gukoresha ibimera n'ibyatsi bikura mu butaka, bigafasha kurinda ubutaka n’imiturire. === 6. Iterambere Ryinganda Zikora ibikomoka ku Matungo: === * '''Gukora inganda''': Ubworozi butuma hatangwa ibikomoka ku matungo, nko mu gukora umusaruro w’amavuta, amata, inyama, n’ibindi. Ibi bituma hatangwa inganda nyinshi zikorera mu gihugu. Ubworozi ni igice cy’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu, kandi bufasha mu guteza imbere imibereho y’abaturage mu buryo butandukanye. fruyo6twjwpehj9oa0vzxn3d2g7d8id 0 19898 137108 120741 2026-09-14T13:18:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137108 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>kubimera</ref> [[Dosiye:घुरुवा.jpg|thumb|ifumbire mborera]] == IFUMBIRE NIKI?<ref group="ibimera">ifumbire</ref> == ====== ifumbire ni kimwe mu bintu byingenzi ibimera bikenera kugirango bibashe kubaho ,bikora ibibitunga ,ngetse bikagira ubushobozi bwo kwikorera ibyo kurya. ====== === Inkomoko yifumbire === ifumbire ikomoka ahantu henshi hatandukanye aho twavuga nko kubinyabuzima ,nkimibiri yaboze iragenda ikavamo ifumbire [[kubimera]],iklindi ifumbire ishora guturuka munganda ariyo bita ifumbire mvaruganda ,aho niho inganda zikora amafumbire atandukanye muburyo bwo kongera imyinyu kubimera nu budahangarwa mu butaka.<ref>ubutaka</ref> ifumbire ikunzwe gukoreshwa kubimera bitandukanye hari iyikoreshwa batera,babagara imyaka ,mubundi buryo ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa nimuburyo bwo kongera umusaruro<ref>umusaruro</ref> nokwihaza mubiribwa sibyo gusa ifumbire yakifashishwa mukongera umusaruro ku bahinzi bose kandi bavugurura ubutaka. 8gua516h75as7t3xeghdl1lszd5n4hj 0 19899 136839 136182 2026-09-14T13:06:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136839 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubusobanuro bw'umuco == Umuco ni ibyo abantu bahuriraho kandi bemeranywaho; ni uburyo bwo gutekereza no gukora biha umuyoboro cyangwa umurongo imyitwarire y'umuntu cyangwa itsinda ry'abantu runaka; -Umuco ugenga inzego z'imibereho y'abantu, ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori,ukwemera n'ubwenge bwabo. -Umuco ukomatanya kandi ubumenyi bwose n'inyigisho umuntu agenda yunguka mu buzima bwe bwa muntu. -Umuco utandukanye na kamere muntu, umuco ntuvukanwa, umuco ni imyitwarire,imitekerereze,ubumenyi,imyemerere umuntu agenda ahererekanya n'abandi bitewe n'ahantu batuye, amateka yabo n'ibibakikije.<ref name=":0">https://www.cheno.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=104264&token=7561dd49e1134314c85c17a0845161305e7afb40</ref> Umuco niwo shingiro remezo ry'ubumwe bw'abenegihugu kuko bawusangiye, ukabaranga. Imibereho n'imibanire y'abantu igizwe n'ingingo nyinshi kandi zishobora gusobanurwa mmu buryo bwagutse; Abantu mumiryango yabo itandukanye babaho kandi bakabana ku buryo butandukanye bitewe n'imyemerere ndetse n'anategeko agenga umuryango wabo.<ref>https://www.moya.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=9986&token=1b39dca51f346c60ae56b0ec391a936f1bf382b9</ref> Umuryango nyarwanda ufite indangagaciro na kirazira bigenga imibereho y'abawugize, bityo gusesengura umuco mu mibereho n'imibanire yabo, bikaba byibanda kuri izo ngingo ebyiri; '''-INDANGAGACIRO''' Indangagaciro ni Imyitwarire ihebuje igaragaza cyangwa se iranga abantu batuye igihugu iki n'iki kandi bakayifatiraho urugero. Ni ibikorwa bishingiye ku muco byemeranijweho n'abenegihugu, bifuza ko byahora bibaranga, bikanabitirirwa uko ibihe bigenda biha ibindi.<ref name=":0" /> '''-KIRAZIRA''' Kirazira z'umuco w'u [[Rwanda]] ni imico cyangwa imyitwarire mibi umunyarwanda wese agomba kwirinda kandi akayirinda n'abandi, imiziririzo umunyarwanda yagendera kure kugira ngo akomeze kuba umuntu mu bandi. Kirazira ziyobora ubuzima bw'abantu, bagashishikarira iteka gukora icyiza, bikabafasha kutabangamirana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>http://rwandaheritage.gov.rw/</ref> == Ubutwari == ubutwari ni indangagaciro igaraga mu muco w'imiryango y'abantu itandukanye ituye ku isi. Mu myimvire yabatuye kwisi.Abantu benshi bafasheko risobanura risobanura Ubwitage n'ubutwari ku rugamba. Nta tandukaniro rinini n'imyumvire mu bihugu binyuranye aho ubutwari bwajyanaga no kwitanga rusha abandi ku rugamba.<ref name=":0" /> Ubutwari ntibwafataga ibitsina byombi kimwe, Akenshi abagore ntibavugwaga kandi nabo hari ababaga barabaye intwari ndetse no ku rugamba. Mu [[Rwanda]] akenshi ubutwari bwagaragariraga cyanecyane mu bikorwa by'urugamba rwo kwagura no kurinda ubusugire bw'igihugu. <ref name=":0" /> Mu mateka yavuba y'isi ubutwari bufatwa nko kwiyemeza gukora ikintu ugamije ineza y'abantu benshi, byaba ngombwa ukaba wabizira. Intwari ntizitinya gutanga ubuzima bwazo bitewe n'uko ziba zemera ukuri kandi zikaba ziteguye kugupfira bibaye ngombwa. Uwagaragaje ubutwari yitwa intwari, akaba umuntu ufasha abandi, akitanga by'ikirenga, atagamije inyungu cyangwa icyubahiro kivuye mu bikorwa bye.<ref name=":0" /> == Umuco W'ubutwari == Niba umuco usobanura nk'ibyo abantu bahuriraho kandi bemeranywaho, uburyo bwo gutekereza no gukora biha umuyoboro cyanga umurongo imyitwarire y'umuntu cyanga istinda ry'abantu, Umuco w'ubutwari wasobanurwa nk'uburyo bwo gucukumbura ibikorwa bifitiye abntu benshi akamaro, bityo buri wese agaharanira gushyira imbere inyungu rusange aho kwikunda no kwireba ubwe gusa.<ref name=":0" /> Umucyo w'wubutwari ni amatwara meza abantu bumvikanaho, akabaranga mu buzima bwabo bwaburimunsi, akabaha icerekezo gihamye bagamije iterambererusange risigasiwe no gukunda igihugu bahuriyeho, kukirinda, kukirwanirira no kurenger ubuzugire bw'agagituye.<ref name=":0" /> Mu [[Rwanda]] umuco w'ubutwari ugaragara mu bihe bitandukanye by'amateka y'igihugu. Amateka ya kera atwereka ko abanyarwanda bumvaga ko '''''<nowiki/>'u Rwanda rutera rudaterwa'''''' ibi biakaba byaragaragazaga icyizere bagirirana n'imbaraga n'ubutwari by'ingabo zabo.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/cr50y5gp39rt</ref> Umuco w'ubutwari ukwiye gufatwa nko kugira icyerekezo kimwe, buri wese agatanga umusanzu we atizigama ngo icyo cyerekezo kigerweho, nta gusigana, ugize intege nke agafashwa, intego abantu bihaye bakayigereraho kugihe kandi umurimo abantu berekejeho amaboko bakawunoza uko bishoboka kose. kwanga kurwanirira igihugu kubera gutinya urupfu byari igisebo kuwabikoze, ndetse bakanamucira umugani bagiea bati;'<nowiki/>'''Wanga guha amaraso igihugu, imbwa zikayanywera ubusa''''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/article/byagenda-bite-abanyarwanda-bataye-umuco</ref> == '''Indangagaciro z'umuco w'ubutwari mu Rwanda'''<ref name=":0" /> == # '''Kugira umutima ukomeye kandi ucyeye'''; Kugira umutima udatinya , gushyigikirs icyiza, kugaragaza ikibi no guhangara kukirwanya kandi uzi neza ingaruka. # '''Gukunda igihugu;''' Gushyira imbere no guharanira ubusugire, iterambere, ishema by'igihugu n'ubumwe bw'abagituye. # '''Kwitanga'''; Kwigomwa inyungu zawe bwite guharanira inyungu rusange byaba ngombwa ugahara ubuzima. # '''Kugira ubushishozi'''; Kureba kure no kumenya ukuri kutagaragarira buriwese. # '''Kugira ubwamamare mu butwari'''; Kurangwa n'ibikorwa by'ubutwari izwi kandi bishimwa na benshi. # '''Kuba intangarugero;''' Kurangwa n'ibikorwa bihebuje, bibera abandi urugero rwiza. # '''Kuba umunyakuri;''' Kurangwa n'ukuri kandi ukaguharanira ntutinye no kuba wakuzira. # '''Kugira ubupfura'''; Umuco ugaragarira mu matwara meza, imibereho, imyifatire n'imibanire n'abandi. # '''Kugira Ubumuntu'''; Kurangwa n'umutima ukunda abantu kuburyo buhebuje aho kubarutisha abandi. -Umuco w'ubutwari, iyo umutu abishyizeho umwete ashobora kuwitoza. Ubutwari buturuka muri ako kamenyero ko guhitamo icyiza ukanga ikibi, ukageraho wemera guhara amagara yawe aho gutwarwa n'ikibi. Intwari iba igamije burigihe guhindura imibereho y'umuryango w'abantu iwuganisha aheza.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.moya.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=9986&token=1b39dca51f346c60ae56b0ec391a936f1bf382b9</ref> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} 5k6jgikojki03bfrxi5l1wpwor8i439 0 19903 137150 125868 2026-09-15T10:24:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 137150 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amaraso''' ni [[amazi yo mu mubiri]] atembera mu [[imitsi y'amaraso|mitsi]], akagira uruhare rukomeye mu mikorere y’umubiri. Akenshi agaragara afite ibara ritukura bitewe na [[hemoglobine]] iba mu [[uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso]]. == Akamaro k'amaraso == Amaraso afite imirimo myinshi mu mubiri, harimo: * gutwara [[ogisijeni]] iva mu bihaha ikagera mu bice bitandukanye by’umubiri; * gutwara [[intungamubiri]] zikenewe n’uturemangingo; * gutwara imyanda iva mu mikorere y’uturemangingo ikajyanwa aho ikurirwa mu mubiri; * gufasha umubiri kurwanya [[indwara]] binyuze mu [[uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso]]; * gufasha mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’umubiri.<ref name="Umuseke">UMUSEKE</ref> == Amatsinda y'amaraso == Amaraso ashyirwa mu matsinda hakurikijwe ibimenyetso biboneka ku turemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso. Muri sisitemu ya [[ABO blood group system|ABO]], hari amatsinda ane y’ingenzi:<ref name="Umuseke" /> * [[Blood type A|Itsinda A]] * [[Blood type B|Itsinda B]] * [[Blood type AB|Itsinda AB]] * [[Blood type O|Itsinda O]] Hari kandi [[Rh blood group system|sisitemu ya Rh]], igaragaza niba amaraso ari Rh positif cyangwa Rh négatif. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Gutanga amaraso]] * [[Umutima]] * [[Imitsi y'amaraso]] [[Category:Amaraso]] [[Category:Ubuzima]] rjw4b97xxb14i5l54yjz4n522jjjgy3 137151 137150 2026-09-15T10:24:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[AMARASO]] to [[Amaraso]] 137150 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amaraso''' ni [[amazi yo mu mubiri]] atembera mu [[imitsi y'amaraso|mitsi]], akagira uruhare rukomeye mu mikorere y’umubiri. Akenshi agaragara afite ibara ritukura bitewe na [[hemoglobine]] iba mu [[uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso]]. == Akamaro k'amaraso == Amaraso afite imirimo myinshi mu mubiri, harimo: * gutwara [[ogisijeni]] iva mu bihaha ikagera mu bice bitandukanye by’umubiri; * gutwara [[intungamubiri]] zikenewe n’uturemangingo; * gutwara imyanda iva mu mikorere y’uturemangingo ikajyanwa aho ikurirwa mu mubiri; * gufasha umubiri kurwanya [[indwara]] binyuze mu [[uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso]]; * gufasha mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’umubiri.<ref name="Umuseke">UMUSEKE</ref> == Amatsinda y'amaraso == Amaraso ashyirwa mu matsinda hakurikijwe ibimenyetso biboneka ku turemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso. Muri sisitemu ya [[ABO blood group system|ABO]], hari amatsinda ane y’ingenzi:<ref name="Umuseke" /> * [[Blood type A|Itsinda A]] * [[Blood type B|Itsinda B]] * [[Blood type AB|Itsinda AB]] * [[Blood type O|Itsinda O]] Hari kandi [[Rh blood group system|sisitemu ya Rh]], igaragaza niba amaraso ari Rh positif cyangwa Rh négatif. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Gutanga amaraso]] * [[Umutima]] * [[Imitsi y'amaraso]] [[Category:Amaraso]] [[Category:Ubuzima]] rjw4b97xxb14i5l54yjz4n522jjjgy3 137153 137151 2026-09-15T10:40:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 137153 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amaraso''' ni [[amazi yo mu mubiri]] atembera mu [[imitsi y'amaraso|mitsi]], akagira uruhare rukomeye mu mikorere y’umubiri. Akenshi agaragara afite ibara ritukura bitewe na [[hemoglobine]] iba mu [[uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso]]. == Akamaro k'amaraso == Amaraso afite imirimo myinshi mu mubiri, harimo: * gutwara [[ogisijeni]] iva mu bihaha ikagera mu bice bitandukanye by’umubiri; * gutwara [[intungamubiri]] zikenewe n’uturemangingo; * gutwara imyanda iva mu mikorere y’uturemangingo ikajyanwa aho ikurirwa mu mubiri; * gufasha umubiri kurwanya [[indwara]] binyuze mu [[uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso]]; * gufasha mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’umubiri.<ref name="Umuseke">UMUSEKE</ref> == Amatsinda y'amaraso == Amaraso ashyirwa mu matsinda hakurikijwe ibimenyetso biboneka ku turemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso. Muri sisitemu ya [[ABO blood group system|ABO]], hari amatsinda ane y’ingenzi:<ref name="Umuseke" /> * [[Blood type A|Itsinda A]] * [[Blood type B|Itsinda B]] * [[Blood type AB|Itsinda AB]] * [[Blood type O|Itsinda O]] Hari kandi [[Rh blood group system|sisitemu ya Rh]], igaragaza niba amaraso ari Rh positif cyangwa Rh négatif. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Gutanga amaraso]] * [[Umutima]] * [[Imitsi y'amaraso]] [[Category:Ubuzima]] 06nwnet006h1k96358d835sez62387r 0 19916 137109 120916 2026-09-14T13:18:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137109 wikitext text/x-wiki == Imizi ni iki? == imizi ni igice cyingenzi mu bice bigize iki<ref group="ikimera">ikimera</ref>mera kigafasha mu gukurura amazi ava mubutaka ajya mu bindi bice byikimera bityo bigatuma ikimera gikura neza ,kituma bityo kigahora itoto ibibabi<ref group="ibibabi">ibibabi</ref> byacyo bihora bitoshye cyane. === Akamaro kimizi kukimera === imizi ifasha ikimera mugutwara inungamuburi mu mbuto zacyo<ref>ikimera</ref>ikimera kigakura neza kandi mu butaka dusagamo udukoko dushinzwe gutwara inungamubiri ziva mu butaka zijya mukimera ibyo bikorwa ni mizi y'ikimera ,imizi igira amoko menshi aho twavuga imizi miremire ni mizi migufi ,buri kimera kigira imizi bitewe nubwoko bwacyo cyangwa ubushobozi bwacyo hari nk'biti biba mumashyamba bigira imizi miremire ibyo biti bikunze kuba ahantu hihariye nko mubutayu kugirago bikurure amazi yo mubutaka. ibindi bimera nk'ibijumba bikunze kugira imizi migufi kuko bikunze guterwa nafi y'isoko yamazi kugirango byere neza kandi kugihe kandi muri ibyo bimera twavuga;imyumbati ,ibigori,ibishyimbo ibindi biterwa hafi y'isoko y'amazi nko kumigezi n'ibishanga. km7rhowlpizevfdpoo038u86dqzan10 0 20093 136840 122503 2026-09-14T13:06:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136840 wikitext text/x-wiki == IBY’INGENZI KURI VENUS: == [[Dosiye:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg|thumb|ifoto ya venus]] == Umubumbe wa Venusi(Venus): == === Imiterere rusange === * '''Uwa kabiri uva ku zuba''' * '''Ubunini''': Ufite ubunini bungana na '''95%''' bw’Isi * '''Uburemere''': Bungana na 81% bw’Isi * '''Igizwe ahanini na''': Amabuye, ubuso bwacyo burakomeye ---- === Ikirere cya Venus === * '''Ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane''': Bugera kuri '''+465°C''' — ni wo mubumbe ushyushye kurusha yose, harimo n’iyo Mercure iri hafi y’izuba. * '''Igicu kinini cya dioxyde de carbone (CO₂)''': Giteza ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere (greenhouse effect) ikabije. * '''Amashyuza ya sulfuric acid''': Igicu cya Venus kigizwe n’imvura ya aside iseye cyane — ntihakorerwa ikiremwamuntu. ---- === Ibyihariye mu migendekere === * '''Izenguruka izuba''': Mu minsi '''225 y’Isi''' * '''Izenguruka ku murongo wayo''' (rotation): Bifata '''243''' y’Isi — biraruta igihe izenguruka izuba! * '''Icyerekezo cy’ukuzunguruka''': Gitandukanye n’iy’indi mibumbe (Venus izunguruka iva iburasirazuba ijya iburengerazuba) ---- === Ubushakashatsi === * '''Mariner 2''' (1962): Icyogajuru cya mbere cyageze hafi ya Venus (NASA) * '''Venera''' (Uburusiya): Byari ibigize urukurikirane rw’icyogajuru byabashije kohereza amakuru n’amafoto ku butaka bwa Venus * '''Magellan''' (NASA): Cyerekanye imiterere ya surface ya Venus ukoresheje radar * '''VERITAS & EnVision''': Imishinga mishya yo gutegura ubushakashatsi kuri Venus hagati ya 2030+ ---- === Ubuso n’imisozi === * Hari '''imisozi miremire, ibibaya''', ndetse n’ibimenyetso byerekana ko habaye '''iruka ry’ibirunga''' byinshi. * Imisozi nka '''Maxwell Montes''' ni imwe mu y’ikirenga ku mubumbe wa Venus. ---- === Impamvu zihariye Venus iteye amatsiko === * Ni '''umubumbe usa cyane n’Isi mu bunini''', ariko waranyuze mu '''ihinduka rikomeye ry’ikirere''' — bituma abanyabwenge biga ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere ku Isi. * Hari igihe bakekaga ko Venus yaba ifite '''ibimenyetso by’ubuzima''' kubera ibicu byayo, ariko ubu ntibikemejwe neza. 45ef8xvgr29h50dzkucaueoy78p5vak 137125 136840 2026-09-14T13:18:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137125 wikitext text/x-wiki == Iby’ingenzi kuri Venus: == [[Dosiye:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg|thumb|ifoto ya venus]] == Umubumbe wa Venusi(Venus): == === Imiterere rusange === * '''Uwa kabiri uva ku zuba''' * '''Ubunini''': Ufite ubunini bungana na '''95%''' bw’Isi * '''Uburemere''': Bungana na 81% bw’Isi * '''Igizwe ahanini na''': Amabuye, ubuso bwacyo burakomeye ---- === Ikirere cya Venus === * '''Ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane''': Bugera kuri '''+465°C''' — ni wo mubumbe ushyushye kurusha yose, harimo n’iyo Mercure iri hafi y’izuba. * '''Igicu kinini cya dioxyde de carbone (CO₂)''': Giteza ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere (greenhouse effect) ikabije. * '''Amashyuza ya sulfuric acid''': Igicu cya Venus kigizwe n’imvura ya aside iseye cyane — ntihakorerwa ikiremwamuntu. ---- === Ibyihariye mu migendekere === * '''Izenguruka izuba''': Mu minsi '''225 y’Isi''' * '''Izenguruka ku murongo wayo''' (rotation): Bifata '''243''' y’Isi — biraruta igihe izenguruka izuba! * '''Icyerekezo cy’ukuzunguruka''': Gitandukanye n’iy’indi mibumbe (Venus izunguruka iva iburasirazuba ijya iburengerazuba) ---- === Ubushakashatsi === * '''Mariner 2''' (1962): Icyogajuru cya mbere cyageze hafi ya Venus (NASA) * '''Venera''' (Uburusiya): Byari ibigize urukurikirane rw’icyogajuru byabashije kohereza amakuru n’amafoto ku butaka bwa Venus * '''Magellan''' (NASA): Cyerekanye imiterere ya surface ya Venus ukoresheje radar * '''VERITAS & EnVision''': Imishinga mishya yo gutegura ubushakashatsi kuri Venus hagati ya 2030+ ---- === Ubuso n’imisozi === * Hari '''imisozi miremire, ibibaya''', ndetse n’ibimenyetso byerekana ko habaye '''iruka ry’ibirunga''' byinshi. * Imisozi nka '''Maxwell Montes''' ni imwe mu y’ikirenga ku mubumbe wa Venus. ---- === Impamvu zihariye Venus iteye amatsiko === * Ni '''umubumbe usa cyane n’Isi mu bunini''', ariko waranyuze mu '''ihinduka rikomeye ry’ikirere''' — bituma abanyabwenge biga ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere ku Isi. * Hari igihe bakekaga ko Venus yaba ifite '''ibimenyetso by’ubuzima''' kubera ibicu byayo, ariko ubu ntibikemejwe neza. kcbfqvyhlyvevxau0238njf3fnaiyaw 0 20161 136951 132281 2026-09-14T13:09:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136951 wikitext text/x-wiki Select Express LTD ni ikigo cy'igenga gikorera mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda kikaba gitanga serivisi y'ubwikorezi bw'abantu n'ibintu mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda by'umwihariko mu ntara y'Uburasirazuba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.itike.rw/v2/bus/select-express-ltd-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2025-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808194139/https://www.itike.rw/v2/bus/select-express-ltd-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Select Express LTD ni ikigo cyashinzwe ku italiki ya 2 Gicurasi mu mwaka wa 2013, kikaba cyaremejwe n'urwego rushinzwe kugenzura imikorere y'inzego zimwe z'imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro (RURA). Aho uru rwego rwahaye iki kigo uburenganzira bwo gutanga serivisi y'ubwikorezi bw'abantu n'ibintu mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> Select Express LTD ifite icyicaro cyayo gikuru mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. == Ibyerekezo ikoreramo == Select Express LTD nk'ikigo gitanga serivisi z'ubwikorezi bw'abantu n'ibintu mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda by'umwihariko mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|ntara y'Iburasirazuba]], ikorera mu byerekezo bitandukanye bikurikira aho ivana ikanajya abantu n'ibintu muri ibi byerekezo bikurikira; * [[Kigali]] * Rusumo * Nyakarambi * Kibungo * Kabarondo * Kayonza * [[Rwamagana]] == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == <references /> nqs1k73cgejntvc41cx4uww8qmcslej 0 20163 136952 135733 2026-09-14T13:09:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136952 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigega cy'Imari yo gusana Imihanda '''RMF(Road Maintenance Fund)''' n' Ikigo cya letay' u Rwanda cyashinzwe n'itegeko No.49/2013 rya 28/06/2013 ryasohowe mw'igazeti ya leta riteganya inshingano zayo arizo zari gukusanya no gutera inkunga isana ry'imihanda mugihugu hose.<ref>Law No.49/2013 of 28/06/2013</ref> == Inkomoko == Nubwo iki kigo cyahawe ubwigenge n'itegeko rya 2013,Iki Ikigega cyashyizweho mu mwaka wa 1998 ,mw'iyubaka Igihigu bushyashya nyuma ya Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 muburyo bwo kubungabunga no gusana imihanda y'u Rwanda,Kuva cyashingwa, RMF(Road Maintenance Fund) yateye intambwe igaragara mu kubungabunga ndetse no Gusana imihanda nubwo yari ifite amikoro make.<ref>https://rmf.gov.rw/index.php?id=51</ref> == Umutungo w'ikigega == Ahantu umutungo wiki Kigega uva ni ahantu hatandukanye nk'imisoro ya lisansi na mazutu bingana na 69.4% by'umutungo wiki kigo ,ahandi kandi ni Umuhanda wishyurwa ku binyabiziga biremereye byo mu mahanga - wakwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya COMESA, utanga 29.6% byinjira muri RMF.Indi sooko kandi ni amande acibwa aberenga kumategeko yo mumuhanda ,bingana na 1% byinjira muri RMF.<ref>Law No.49/2013 of 28/06/2013</ref> == Imiyoborere == RMF ikora nk'ikigo cya Leta cyigenga gifite Inama y'Ubuyobozi, Umuyobozi Mukuru, n'abakozi ba tekinike n'imari,Bagenzurwa na Minisiteri ishinzwe ibikorwa remezo ndetse bagakorana bya hafi n'inzego z'uturere ndetse nizindi nzego za leta<ref>Law No.49/2013 of 28/06/2013</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 5x318vqly76jnn17vbzns8l3qhw737e 0 20173 136841 132282 2026-09-14T13:06:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136841 wikitext text/x-wiki Shalom Express LTD ni ikigo cy'igenga gikorera mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]] kikaba gitanga serivisi y'ubwikorezi bw'abantu n'ibintu mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda by'umwihariko mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|ntara y'Amajyaruguru]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.itike.rw/v2/bus/shalom-express-ltd-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2025-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808194139/https://www.itike.rw/v2/bus/shalom-express-ltd-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.ktpress.rw/2024/03/kigali-introduces-new-public-transport-lines-to-ease-mobility/</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Shalom Express LTD ni ikigo cyashinzwe ku italiki ya 2 Gicurasi mu mwaka wa 2013, kikaba cyaremejwe n'urwego rushinzwe kugenzura imikorere y'inzego zimwe z'imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro (RURA). Aho uru rwego rwahaye iki kigo uburenganzira bwo gutanga serivisi y'ubwikorezi bw'abantu n'ibintu mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0" /> Shalom Express LTD ifite icyicaro cyayo gikuru mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. == Ibyerekezo ikoreramo == Select Express LTD nk'ikigo gitanga serivisi z'ubwikorezi bw'abantu n'ibintu mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda by'umwihariko mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], ikorera mu byerekezo bitandukanye bikurikira aho ivana ikanajya abantu n'ibintu muri ibi byerekezo bikurikira;<ref name=":1" /> * Nyabugogo * Base * Nyamugali * Ryabuhirima * Kirambo * Butaro * Kucyapa * Kivuye * Kabeza * Gicumbi == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == <references /> qnakv1rn5wvptzdt9qv560a0oogoq8w 0 20182 137139 135910 2026-09-14T16:57:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 137139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye | image = [[Dosiye:NyarubuyeGenocideMemorial03.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwinjiriro rw'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Nyarubuye]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Icyo rwibukiraho | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye''' ni urwibutso rwibuka Abatutsi bishwe ku bwinshi muri Mata 1994 i [[Nyarubuye]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]], hafi y'umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]], mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Ahantu === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye ruherereye i [[Nyarubuye]], mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]], hafi y'umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gorillaexpeditions.com/genocide-memorial-sites-in-rwanda.html |title=Genocide Memorial Sites in Rwanda |website=Gorilla Expeditions |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/nyarubuye-genocide-memorial-0000/fgEoty3moPu4Ng |title=Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial - Government of Rwanda |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref> === Imiterere y'aho === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Komini zo mu Rwanda mu 1994.]] Nyarubuye iri mu gice cy'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda, hafi y'umupaka wa Tanzaniya. Aka gace kari mu duce twibasiwe n'ubwicanyi bukomeye mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:NyarubuyeGenocideMemorial03.jpg|left|thumb|Urwinjiriro rw'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye, Kanama 2025.]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye rwashyizwe ahari [[Kiliziya Gatolika|kiliziya Gatolika]] ya Nyarubuye. Ku wa 15 Mata 1994, Abatutsi ibihumbi bari bahahungiye bizeye ko bahabona umutekano barishwe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://infosgrandslacs.info/productions/rehabilitation-du-site-memorial-du-genocide-de-nyarubuye |title=Réhabilitation du site mémorial du génocide de Nyarubuye |author=pmartinot |website=IGL - Infos Grands Lacs |date=2015-10-29 |access-date=2025-07-27 |language=fr }}</ref> Ubwicanyi bwabereye i Nyarubuye bwari bumwe mu bwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=7972&cHash=0aea406dc26d94e42c152297fc32b71e |title=By conserving genocide archaeological facts, we defeat genocide deniers and revisionists - Mukabalisa Donatille |website=Parliament of Rwanda |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715115833/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=7972&cHash=0aea406dc26d94e42c152297fc32b71e |archive-date=2022-07-15 |access-date=2025-07-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> Urwibutso rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abantu barenga 51.000 bazize Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://genocidememorials.cga.harvard.edu/nyarubuye.html |title=Through A Glass Darkly |website=Harvard University |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/rwanda-s-genocide-memorial-sites/3AWxDwZwSfN6UQ |title=Rwanda's Genocide Memorial Sites |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref> Abarokotse Jenoside bo muri Nyarubuye bavuga ko ubwicanyi bwahabereye bwakoranywe ubugome bukabije.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/i-nyarubuye-jenoside-yakoranwe-ubugome-bwindengakamere/ |title=I Nyarubuye Jenoside yakoranwe ubugome bw’indengakamere |website=MUHAZI YACU |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-11 }}</ref> == Umwihariko == [[Dosiye:NyarubuyeGenocideMemorial07.jpg|thumb|Icyapa cy'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye, Kanama 2025.]] Urwibutso rwa Nyarubuye ruzwiho kuba rwarabungabunze bimwe mu bice bya kiliziya yangijwe mu gihe cy'ubwicanyi. Muri uru rwibutso herekanwa imyambaro, amagufwa n'ibikoresho by'abazize Jenoside, kugira ngo bibere abarusura ibimenyetso by'ibyabereye aho.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyarubuye_Memorial |title=Nyarubuye Memorial |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kagerasafaris.com/rwanda-genocide-memorial-centres/ |title=Rwanda Genocide Memorial Centres |website=Kagera Safaris |date=2017-02-10 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref> Abasura urwibutso banerekwa bimwe mu bimenyetso by'ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi i Nyarubuye. Harimo ibikoresho n'ahantu bifitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe abari bahungiye muri Paruwasi ya Nyarubuye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/amateka-y-urwibutso-rwa-nyarubuye-abera-ndengakamere-ku-barusura |title=Amateka y’urwibutso rwa Nyarubuye abera ndengakamere ku barusura |author=Servilien Mutuyimana |website=Kigali Today |date=2016-05-24 |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-11 }}</ref> Urwibutso rusurwa n'abantu ku giti cyabo, amatsinda ndetse n'intumwa zo mu Rwanda no mu mahanga. Runaberamo ibikorwa byo kwibuka no kunamira abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fic.gov.rw/updates/news-detail/fic-staff-members-paid-tribute-to-genocide-victims-at-nyarubuye-genocide-memorial-site |title=FIC staff members paid tribute to genocide victims at Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial site |author=Financial Intelligence Centre |website=Financial Intelligence Centre |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dark-tourism.com/index.php/526-nyarubuye-genocide-memorial-rwanda |title=Nyarubuye, Rwanda |website=Dark Tourism |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyarubuye_Memorial_Video |title=Nyarubuye Memorial |author=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27 }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba na none == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside]] * [[Inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Nyarubuye]] * [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] * [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] === Ibitabo byifashishijwe === * {{Cite book |language=fr |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2017 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf }} * {{Cite book |language=en |author=Philippe Denis |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |location=Woodbridge |publisher=James Currey |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |year=2022 |pages=358 |isbn=9781847012906 |url=https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781800103818/the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-and-the-rwandan-churches/ |access-date=2025-09-17 }} === Imiyoboro yo hanze === {{Commons category|Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial}} * [https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyarubuye_Memorial Nyarubuye Memorial] ku rubuga rwa Genocide Archive of Rwanda {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyarubuye, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kirehe]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] oijg3t7xoykzv9a0p6d12lt5cw0h3zb 0 20212 136953 136151 2026-09-14T13:09:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136953 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''MECHATRONICS TECHNOLOGY''' <ref>https://new.rp.ac.rw/programmes/</ref> == Mechatronics Technology n' isomo rishingiye mu ikoranabuhanga n'ubungenge rigamije kuzamura ikoranabuhanga mu nganda zitandukanye, kandi iri somo ryibanda kuri Mechanical & electronics, irtangwa na kaminuza ebyiri mu Rwanda harimo Rwanda polytechnic Kigali na Rwanda polytechnic Tumba. === '''MECHATRONICS MU RWANDA''' <ref>https://www.iprckigali.rp.ac.rw/1/mechanical-engineering</ref> === Muri 2021 Rwanda polytechnic Kigali batangije ishami rya Mechatronics Technology mu gisate cya Mechanical department, muri 2022 Mechatronics Technology ya tangijwe ku mugaragaro muri Rwanda polytechnic Tumba, kubufatanye n'igihugu cy' ubufaransa, bataha inzu nini cyane yo kwingiramo kandi irimo ibyuma byo gukoreramo imirimo ntoki (Practical) cyangwa Workshop. Iri shami ryitezweho gusohora abanyeshuri bafite ubumenyi ndetse n'ubushobozi mu kurema no gukoresha imashini zikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye, bagakora ubungenzuzi (Maintenance) hifashishijwe AI(ubwenge buhanganno) byitwa Preventive Maintenance, bakubaka SCADA System. nubundi bumwnenyi butandukanye. === Amashami ya mechatronics technology === Hari icyiciro cyisumbuye bita Advanced Diploma ndetse na Bachelor's degree muri Rwanda polytechnic Kigali na Tumba AMASHAKIRO 0ecxt64rt0v465r3a9wpg5jvy2a9uxu 0 20354 137126 127123 2026-09-14T13:18:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137126 wikitext text/x-wiki Groupe Scolaire (GS) Saint Aloys Rwamagana ni, ishuri ry'amadini ya gatorika riherereye i Rwamagana mu Rwanda, Rifashwa na leta kandi riyoborwa n'abafurere ba Yozefiti. Ishuri riyobora ibyiciro bitandukanye by'amashuri yisumbuye, harimo ibya siyansi n'ubucuruzi kandi ryakira abahungu n'abakobwa.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=IKIGO+CYA+SAINT+ALOYS+RWAMAGANA&rlz=1C1KNTJ_enRW1133RW1134&oq=IKIGO+CYA+SAINT+ALOYS+RWAMAGANA&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigATIHCAMQIRigAdIBCTI1OTc4ajBqN6gCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> ====== Amashami atandukanye ====== [[Dosiye:Saint Aloys.png|thumb|saint aloys]] Ishuri rifite amashami atandukanye harimo MEG, PCM, PCB, MCB, HEG, Hamwe n'icyiciro rusange.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=IKIGO+CYA+SAINT+ALOYS+RWAMAGANA&rlz=1C1KNTJ_enRW1133RW1134&oq=IKIGO+CYA+SAINT+ALOYS+RWAMAGANA&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigATIHCAMQIRigAdIBCTI1OTc4ajBqN6gCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> duzmnunls6ild2u2ix2qrw92qkkubps 0 20387 136954 124085 2026-09-14T13:09:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136954 wikitext text/x-wiki INTARE Y'INGORE ni Film nyarwanda iri muzo ha mbere yakozwe na Ingabire Appolinaire.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ingabire-wakoze-filime-zamamaye-nka-intare-y-ingore-yagarutse-akemanga-iz-iki</ref> Yakinnyemo abakinnyi nka UWAMAHORO Antoinnette, Assia Mutoni<ref>[[Assia Mutoni]]</ref> n'abandi. == Ishakiro == sh6zsoh74hwbug2g40ari0u6w2dyvxs 0 20399 136989 124005 2026-09-14T13:10:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136989 wikitext text/x-wiki == Bamwe mubanyarwanda bashyize itafari ku uruganda rwa filime mu Urwanda ariko bakaba baritabye imana == Umwe mubakinnyi ba filime nyarwanda bagize uruhare rukomeye murwanda ndetse bakabera intangarujyero nabandi bakinnyi ba filime ni NSANZAMAHORO Denis wamenyekanye kwi izina rya "RWASA". Akaba yaritabye Imana tariki 05 nzeli 2019 aguye mubitaro bya CHUK.[https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/umukinnyi-wa-filime-denis-rwasa-yitabye-imana-92382] Ikindi wabasha kumumenyaho nuko yakoze kuri Radio FLASH FM kuva 2004 kugeza 2010. Nyumayaho yatangiye kugaragara mwitsinda rya mane ryabarizwagamo abahanzi batandukanye harimo Marina, safi madimba,nyakwijyendera jay polly ndetse na Queen cha.[https://inyarwanda.com] 6md90tjzavjhfhfmvtp1s3yary9djih 0 20544 136842 132622 2026-09-14T13:06:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''A Date at the Tower''' <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ginsberg |first=Terri |date=2020 |title=Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhzzDwAAQBAJ&dq=meeting+at+the+tower+1962+film&pg=PA533 |last2=Lippard |first2=Chris |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-3905-9 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Armes |first=Roy |date=2008 |title=Dictionary of African Filmmakers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88sTRTl6yKwC&dq=rendezvous+at+the+tower+1962+film&pg=PA135 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35116-6 |language=en}}</ref> Ni filime yo mu Misiri yo mu mwaka 1962 yanditswe ina yoborwa na Ezz El-Dine Zulficar . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering Ezz Eldin Zulfikar: The romantic film pioneer - Film - Arts & Culture |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/355526/Arts--Culture/Film/Remembering-Ezz-Eldin-Zulfikar-The-romantic-film-p.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305173735/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/355526/Arts--Culture/Film/Remembering-Ezz-Eldin-Zulfikar-The-romantic-film-p.aspx |archive-date=2021-03-05 |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> Zulfikar, Soad Hosny na Fouad el-Mohandes . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2017 |title=10 times Salah Zulfakar pioneered best scenes in Egyptian cinema |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/32356/10-times-Salah-Zulfakar-pioneered-best-scenes-in-Egyptian-cinema |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Brière |first=Jean-François |date=1 January 2008 |title=Dictionnaire des cinéastes africains de long métrage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMIjQwhuOhwC&dq=rendez+vous+dans+la+tour+1962&pg=PA128 |publisher=KARTHALA Editions |isbn=978-2-8111-4250-6 |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rendez-vous dans la tour |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/873?lang=fr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205221204/https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/873?lang=fr |archive-date=2021-12-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=قاسم |first=محمود |date=1 May 2018 |title=المدينة والفيلم |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=At9aDwAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC&pg=PA1916 |publisher=وكاله الصحافة العربيه |language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=قاسم |first=أ محمود |date=1999 |title=دليل الممثل العربي في سينما القرن العشرين |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iTmDAAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC&pg=PA1897 |publisher=مجموعة النيل العربية |isbn=978-977-5919-02-1 |language=ar}}</ref> Firime yasohotse kuri 12 Ukuboza 1962 mu Misiri na Sosiyete y'Abarabu ishinzwe Sinema. == Inyandiko == Adel na Amaal bahuriye mu gihe bari bavuye mu bwato. Urukundo rubahuza, basezerana ku rushinga nyuma y'amezi atandatu kandi ko bazasohokera ku munara w'i Kayiro . Bapanga gufata amafaranga y'umukunzi wa Amaal Adel yahisemo gushaka akazi gafatika. Akora, akazi gasanzwe muri hoteri aba umuyobozi wungirije. Muri icyo gihe, Amaal asiga umukunzi we. Abura ku mirimo ye yo kwakira abashyitsi kubera ibyaha musaza we Alaa yakoze. Amezi atandatu arangiye. Abapolisi bateye inzu ya Alaa, yicwa amaherezo. Adel na Amaal bahurira ku Munara w Cairo ku gihe. == Abakozi == * Umuyobozi: Ezz El-Dine Zulficar * Umwanditsi: Ezz El-Dine Zulficar, Mohamed Abu Youssef * Producer: Salah Zulfikar * Sinema: Masood Issa * Sitidiyo itunganya: Isosiyete ya Filime ya Salah Zulfikar * Sosiyete i kwirakwiza: Sosiyete y'Abarabu ya Sinema == Abakinnyi == * Salah Zulfikar nka Adel Refaat * Soad Hosny nka Amaal * Fouad el-Mohandes nka Hassan * Soraya Helmy nkumugenzi wubwato * Zain El-Ashmawy nka Alaa * Samia Rushdi nka Khadija Hanim * Helmy Halim nka Mamdouh * Mahmoud Farag nka Madbouly El-Eter * Eileen Gaber nka Moushira Hanim * Edmond Toima * Ahmad Shawqi * Zainab Sedky * Zaki Ibrahim * Salah Al-Masry * Hassan Atleh * Ahmed Shokry == Reba kandi == * Salah Zulfikar * Soad Hosny * Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Egiputa zo muri za 1960 == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * A Date at the Tower at IMDb * [https://elcinema.com/en/work/1116738/ Meeting at the Tower on elCinema] chrvl6rfnoeedlcwwgii3l68od8254o 0 20848 136803 135615 2026-09-14T13:05:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136803 wikitext text/x-wiki Ubumuga bukomatanije ni igihe umuntu aba afite ubumuga burenze bumwe hari nk'ubumuga bwo kutabona, ubumuga bwo kutavuga ndetse n'ubumuga bwo kutumva.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-bukomatanyije-baratabarizwa-mu-rwanda-nta-n-umwe-ukandagira-mu</ref> === Uko bahanahana amakuru === Ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga bufata ibice bibiri muri bitanu bigenga ibyiyumviro by'umuntu, ibyo bituma kuvuga kwe bidaturika nk'uko abadafite ubumuga basohora amajwi, igice cy'amatwi nacyo ntabwo kiba cyakira amajwi akenewe gutanga no kugarura ubutumwa, ku gice cy'inyuma cy'ubwonko(Hypophysis).<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/dore-uko-abafite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-bahanahana-amakuru</ref> Kubera ko ibyo bice bibiri biba bidakora, abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga bakoresha ibimenyetso by'intoki n'ibiganza mu kuvugana, bakanakoresha umunwa bawunyegenyeza nk'abashaka kuvuga, ari amawi aba adasohoka, bakakoresha isura yabo yo mu maso. Iyo miterere ituma abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga bagira umuco wabo nk'uko n'abavuga bisanzwe banumva bafite umuco wabo, ari nayo mpamvu ibyo byiciro byombi bitumvikana kuko buri kimwe gifite uko cyitwara.<ref name=":1" /> Umuryango w'abagore bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga mu [[Rwanda]](RNADW), Ugaragaza ko imwe mu mico y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga, ishingiye ku guhana amakuru cyangwa kuganira hagati yabo ubwabo, bakoresha ibimenyetso iyo hari urumuri. Ni ukuvuga ko amaso ari ingenzi cyane ku muntu ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga, kuko gukoresha ibyo bimenyetso bigomba gukora ku manywa cg nijoro ariko habona. Igihe nta rumuri ruhari abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga, icyo gihe ntabwo baba barebana bivuzeko ko na byabimenyetso batashobora kubigaragarizanya, ubwo ntibabashe kumvikana, icyo gihe bigasaba ko baganira bakoranaho.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Andi makuru ==== (RNADW) Umuryango w'abagore bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga mu [[Rwanda]], bagaragaza ko bigorana cyane iyo ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga ari kure ya mugenzi we, kuko icyo gihe bisaba ko afata nk'ibuye akamutera kugirango ahindukire barebane babone kuvugana hakoreshejwe bya bimenyetso, cyangwa kumumenaho amazi ngo ahindukire. Ubwo buryo ariko bukaba bufite ingaruka kuko iryo buye rishobora gukomeretsa uritewe cyangwa rigafata utariwe, gutera amazi umuntu nabwo ukamutosa nabyo bikaba bimubangamira. Mu rwego rwo kunoza uburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru n'ubusabane ku bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga, hifashishwa ikoranabuhanga rya telephone mu kwandikirana ubutumwa bugufi kuri telephone, cyangwa guhamagarana iyo ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva aba yimvisha kimwe mu gihande cy'umubiri we.<ref name=":1" /> Ikoranabuhanga rikaba ari kimwe mu byoroheje ubuzima bw'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga, kuko babasha kwisomera ubutumwa bwakiriwe mu dusanduku twabo tw'ikoranabuhanga e-mail) no kubusubiza, no gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bifashishije telephone zigezweho. Aba kandi bashobora no kwisomera inyandiko zisanzwe, kuko baba barize kuzisanisha n'ibimenyetso bishushanije bikoresha intoki n'ibiganza.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Andi makuru wamenya kubafite ubumuga bukomatanije ==== MUSABYIMANA Joseph ni Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'umuryango w'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva,kutavuga no kutabona, Yagaragaje impungenge zo kuba nta n'umwe mu bafite ubumuga bukomatanije mu [[Rwanda]] ubasha kwiga.<ref name=":0" /> Musabyimana yagaragaje ko mu ibarura rusange ry'abaturage ryakozwe mu 2012 umubare w'abafite ubu bumuga utigeze ugaragara bikaba bishoboka ko ababufite bagiye babitiranya n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona cyangwa ubwo kutumva no kutavuga. Ati "ni na byo turi gusaba Ikigo cy'ibarurishamibare kugira ngo mu ibarura rigiye gukorwa bazakore ku buryo tumenya imibare y'abafite ubu bumuga." Yanasabye Minisiteri y'uburezi gukora ibishoboka ngo abo bana na bo babone uburezi kuko bigaragara ko batigeze batekerezwaho naho Minisiteri y'ubuzima ayisaba gukora ubushakashatsi bujyanye n'ibitera ubumuga hirindwa ko ubumuga runaka bwabyara ubundi bitewe no kutitabwaho.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Amashakiro ==== {{Reflist}} dpivfmvfeahyqk6vshpjlxw1gvqluy5 0 20964 136843 132504 2026-09-14T13:06:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136843 wikitext text/x-wiki Abafite ubumuga b'i Musanze barishimira iterambere bamaze kujyeraho binyuze mu Kwibumbira hamwe (cooperative) Zitandukanye. == Kwibumbira muri Cooperative == Abafite ubumuga b'imusanze basanga intambwe ya mbwere ishimishije aruko wegera abandi mugakorera hamwe kuko aribwo mugera kure. Iyo mufatanije buri wese atanga igitekerezo cy'iterambere rigera kuri buri munyamurwango. == Amashakiro: == https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/musanze-abafite-ubumuga-bigishijwe-ikoranabuhanga-bitezweho-guhanga-udushya#:~:text=Come%20Ndemezo%2C%20Umukozi%20w'umushinga,Urubyiruko%20cy'Akarere%20ka%20Musanze. 2990fesiyr1thrmrc2tzd4wnaaiworv 0 21001 136772 132427 2026-09-14T13:05:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136772 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''3Play Media''' ni urubuga rutanga serivisi zifasha abantu kubona no kumva neza [[Ibinyamakuru byo muri Afurika Kumurongo|ibinyamakuru]] n'amashusho, rukorera i [[Beston Chambeshi|Boston]], muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu ntara ya Massachusetts, rutanga serivisi zo kongeraho amagambo yanditse ku mashusho, no gusobanura amajwi, hamwe na serivisI zanditse kuri tereviziyo, ibiri kuri videwo, na podcast. Icyo kigo yashinzwe na Josh Miller na Chris Antunes mu mwaka wa 2007. == AMATEKA<ref>[https://www.3playmedia.com/company/about/ Learn About 3Play Media]</ref> == 3Play Media yashinzwe mu 2007, yashyizeho uburyo butandukanye bwo kugera ku nzego zirimo itangazamakuru n'imyidagaduro, uburezi, ibigo, guverinoma, na e-learning. Isosiyete yaguze Captionmax, itanga amakuru ku b'itangazamakuru, muri Gashyantare 2022 yaguye itangwa rya 3Play Media mu magambo yanditse neza na serivisi zitanga amakuru. Kugura byatumye Captionmax yisubiraho nka 3Play Media ku ya 21 Nzeri 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=3Play Media Acquires Localization and Accessibility Provider Captionmax |url=https://slator.com/3play-media-acquires-localization-accessibility-provider-captionmax/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Slator}}</ref> Captionmax yashinzwe mu 1993, yatanze ibisobanuro mu mashusho ya videwo, hamwe n’inyandiko zamamaza ku bakiriya barenga 450(magana ane mirongo itanu), harimo imiyoboro minini ya televiziyo na radiyo, situdiyo, ibigo by’uburezi, ndetse n’amasosiyete. Kuba Captionmax yaguze National Captioning Canada muri Werurwe 2021 yarushijeho kwagura serivisi zayo zo kugera ku itangazamakuru. 3Play Media ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya cloud, machine Learning, n'abantu basuzuma kugira ngo itange serivisi zizewe zorohera abantu kubona no kumva ibirimo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About 3Play Media |url=https://www.3playmedia.com |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=3Play Media}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Ibisobanuro bifunze * Ibisobanuro byamajwi * Subtitles == Amashakiro; == hhubxiwqmpjb0pr9p376d21a96lydc4 0 21107 136955 125567 2026-09-14T13:09:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136955 wikitext text/x-wiki Aself-cleaning cyangwa '''pyrolytic''' oven ni itanura ikoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugira ngo (hafi {{Convert|932|F|C}} ) ngo itwike ibisigazwa by'ibyokeje hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa pyrolysis, butagombera imiti isukura. Iyo ifuru ishobora gukoresha amashanyarazi yo mu rugo cyangwa gaz. == Inzira ya Pyrolytike == Amashyiga ya pirolitike yo kwisukura agabanya ibiryo byanduye ivu hamwe n'ubushyuhe bugera kuri {{Convert|932|F|C}} . Inkuta z'itanura zometseho ubushyuhe- na aside irwanya feri. A self-cleaning oven yakozwe kugirango igume ifunze kugeza igihe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burangiye. Kugira ngo hirindwe ibikomere bishobora gutwikwa, hifashishijwe imashini ikoreshwa kugirango urugi rwa feri rufunge kandi rufunge mugihe na nyuma yigihe cyogusukura ubushyuhe bwinshi, bumara amasaha agera kuri atatu. Mubisanzwe, umuryango urashobora gukingurwa nyuma yubushyuhe bukonje bugera kuri {{Convert|600|F|C}} . <ref>{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=How do self-cleaning ovens work? |url=https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/tools-and-techniques/question559.htm |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=[[HowStuffWorks]]}}</ref> Self-cleaning ovens ubusanzwe afite insulation nyinshi kuruta amashyiga asanzwe kugirango agabanye umuriro . Kwikingira bigabanya kandi ingufu zikenewe mu guteka bisanzwe. <ref name="kelly">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=John |date=2021-04-12 |orig-date=9 June 2012 |title=How Self-cleaning Ovens Work |url=https://home.howstuffworks.com/self-cleaning-ovens.htm |access-date=2021-11-04 |website=[[HowStuffWorks]] |quote=As a bonus, pyrolytic ovens save energy during normal baking because of the extra insulation that's added to contain the high heat.}}</ref> Self-cleaning ovens afatwa nkayoroshye kandi atwara igihe, bityo rero akoresha amafaranga menshi. Nyamara, kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi, bitanga umwotsi kandi bisaba ingufu nyinshi. Ubusanzwe umunota wiminota 150 uzakenera amashanyarazi arenze 3 kWh. <ref>{{Cite web |title=COOKING • Hansa |url=https://hansa.bg/en/inspirations/cooking/piroliza-poczistwanjeto-nje-je-probljem |website=hansa.bg}}</ref> Nk’uko abahanga benshi babivuga, gukurura impuruza y’umwotsi birashobora kwirindwa no gukoresha buri gihe gahunda yo kwisukura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Carlye |date=n.d. |title=Pros & Cons of Self-Cleaning Ovens |url=https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pros-cons-selfcleaning-ovens-69125.html |access-date=2021-11-05 |website=[[SFGate|SFGATE]] |publisher=[[Hearst Newspapers]]}}</ref> == Ubundi buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga == === catalytic cleaning === Amashyiga ya catalitiki "ikomeza isukuye" yishingikiriza kumyuma yo mu cyuma kinini kugirango itume igabanuka ryamavuta ivu mubushyuhe busanzwe bwo guteka. Urukuta rw'itanura rya catalitiki yo kwisukura rwometseho ibikoresho bikora nka catisale ya okiside, mubisanzwe muburyo bwa catalizike muri materique ihuza. Cerium (IV) oxyde nimwe mubikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa. Ibindi bishoboka ni umuringa, vanadium, bismuth, molybdenum, manganese, fer, nikel, amabati, niobium, chromium, tungsten, rhenium, platine, cobalt, na oxyde zabo, zonyine cyangwa zivanze. Ipitingi ikora cyane mubusanzwe irimo oxyde y'umuringa, oxyde ya manganese cyangwa cobalt oxyde, na oxyde y'umuringa na manganese ikoreshwa hamwe. Binder irashobora kuba fluoropolymer cyangwa frit enamel . Mu myaka ya za 90, SRI International yakoze ubushakashatsi kuri Whirlpool Corporation, ihindura imiterere nogukoresha hejuru ya farumasi enamel iboneka mu ziko ihinduka imwe irimo ionic nkeya, na firime ikora ibinure mumazi ashonga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Nielson |first=Donald L. |year=2006 |title=A Heritage of Innovation: SRI's First Half Century |url={{Google books |id=dlkROwAACAAJ |plain-url=yes}} |publisher=[[SRI International]] |isbn=9780974520810 |location=Menlo Park, California |page=11-1 |access-date=2021-11-05 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> === Isuku === Ubundi buryo bwo kwifashisha amashyiga ni amashyiga yoza . Ikoresha amazi nubushyuhe bwo hasi kugirango isukure ifuru. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Amashakiro == t05kf8jxre1bbkpn62h0b8584tj2qqr 0 21122 136844 134448 2026-09-14T13:06:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136844 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biotelemetrie''' (cyangwa '''telemetrie yubuvuzi) isobanura ikoreshwa rya''' tekinologi ya telemetrie mubijyanye n'ubumenyi bw'ibinyabuzima, ubuvuzi, n'izindi serivisi z'ubucuzi hagamijwe gukurikirana kure ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'abarwayi bashobora ba ambulatori. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=K |title=Biotelemetry: Could technological developments assist healthcare in rural India |url=http://www.rrh.org.au/publishedarticles/article_print_234.pdf}}</ref> == Gusaba == Ikoreshwa cyane kuri biotelemetrie ni mubice byabugenewe byita k'umutima cyangwa ibice byamanutse mu bitaro. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiourti |first=Asimina |last2=Nikita |first2=Konstantina |date=2017 |title=A review of in-body biotelemetry devices: Implantables, ingestibles, and injectables |journal=IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering |volume=64 |issue=7 |pages=1422–1430 |doi=10.1109/TBME.2017.2668612 |pmid=28212074 |s2cid=34814036}}</ref> byose bifatika bishobora kwanduzwa, porogaramu igarukira gusa ku kugenzura umutima na SpO2 . Biotelemetry iragenda ikorwa cyane mu kumenya inyamaswa n'ibinyabuzima byo mu ishyamba, binyuze mu gupima kure imikorere y'imibiri yabo, imyitwarire yabo, n'imikoreshereze y'ingufu. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugusobanukirwa uburyo inyamaswa zimuka, hamwe nibidukikije bahura nabyo mugupima ibinyabuzima bihindagurika, nuburyo bigira <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooke |first=Steven J. |last2=Hinch |first2=Scott G. |last3=Wikelski |first3=Martin |last4=Andrews |first4=Russel D. |last5=Kuchel |first5=Louise J. |last6=Wolcott |first6=Thomas G. |last7=Butler |first7=Patrick J. |date=2004-06-01 |title=Biotelemetry: a mechanistic approach to ecology |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=334–343 |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.003 |issn=0169-5347 |pmid=16701280 |s2cid=17085487}}</ref> yabyo mugupima ibinyabuzima bihindagurika nkumutima nubushyuhe. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Use of Biotelemetry in the Study of Animal Migration {{!}} Learn Science at Scitable |url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-use-of-biotelemetry-in-the-study-96639422/ |access-date=2019-11-12 |website=www.nature.com}}</ref> ya telemetrie irashobora kwomekwa hanze yinyamaswa , cyangwa igashyirwa imbere, hamwe nubwoko bwokwirakwiza kubikoresho biterwa nibidukikije inyamaswa yimukiramo. <ref name=":0" /> Urugero, mu bushakashatsi ku mikorere y'inyamaswa ziba mu mazi, bakoresha uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi y'amajwi (radio transmission) cyangwa amajwi atumvikana (ultrasonic transmission). Ariko inyamaswa ziba ku butaka cyangwa iziguruka zo, zishobora gukurikiranywa hifashishijwe GPS n'ubutumwa mu kirere (satelitte transmission) == Ibigize sisitemu ya biotelemetrie == Sisitemu isanzwe ya biotelemetrie igizwe na: * Sensor ikwiranye nibimenyetso byihariye bigomba gukurikiranwa * Amashanyarazi akoreshwa na Batiri, abarwayi bambara imashini * Radiyo Antenna n'iyakira <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiourti |first=Asimina |last2=Nikita |first2=Konstantina |date=2012 |title=A Review of Implantable Patch Antennas for Biomedical Telemetry: Challenges and Solutions |journal=IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=210–228 |doi=10.1109/MAP.2012.6293992 |s2cid=20515196}}</ref> * Igice cyo kwerekana gishobora icyarimwe gutanga amakuru kubarwayi benshi == Amateka == Bumwe mu buryo bwa mbere bwakoreshejwe bwa sisitemu ya biotelemetrie bwatangiye mu isiganwa ry’ikirere hakiri kare, aho ibimenyetso bya physiologique byakuwe mu nyamaswa cyangwa abagenzi b’abantu byoherejwe ku isi kugira ngo bisesengurwe (izina ry’uruganda rukora ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi Spacelabs Healthcare ni uburyo rwerekana ko rwatangiye mu 1958 rutezimbere uburyo bwa biotelemetrike muri gahunda yo muri Amerika yo hambere). Ibinyabuzima bikomoka ku binyabuzima byakoreshejwe kuva byibura 1980. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Wolcott |first=T.G. |date=1980 |title=A Handbook on Biotelemetry and Radio Tracking |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookonbiotel0000inte |publisher=Pergamon |isbn=9780080249285 |editor-last=C.J. Amlaner |location=Oxford |pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookonbiotel0000inte/page/279 279]–286 or 333–338 |chapter=Optical and Radio Optical Techniques for Tracking Nocturnal Animals |doi=10.1016/B978-0-08-024928-5.50044-0 |editor-last2=D.W. MacDonald}}</ref> Ibinyabuzima bikomoka ku binyabuzima byateye imbere kugira ngo bidasobanukirwe gusa n’imiterere n’imiterere y’inyamaswa zidafite ubwisanzure, ahubwo binasobanura uburyo inyamaswa zitandukanye zikorana, urugero, hagati y’inyamanswa n’inyambo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Halfyard |first=Edmund A. |last2=Webber |first2=D. |last3=Papa |first3=J. Del |last4=Leadley |first4=T. |last5=Kessel |first5=S. T. |last6=Colborne |first6=S. F. |last7=Fisk |first7=A. T. |date=2017 |title=Evaluation of an acoustic telemetry transmitter designed to identify predation events |journal=Methods in Ecology and Evolution |language=en |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=1063–1071 |bibcode=2017MEcEv...8.1063H |doi=10.1111/2041-210X.12726 |issn=2041-210X |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ibigezweho == Kubera ubwinshi bwa radiyo bitewe na televiziyo ya digitale iherutse gutangizwa muri Amerika no mu bindi bihugu byinshi, komisiyo ishinzwe itumanaho (FCC) kimwe n’ibindi bigo bisa ahandi vuba aha. yatangiye gutanga imirongo yihariye yabugenewe yo gukoresha biotelemetrie yihariye, urugero, Serivise ya Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS). FCC yashyizeho Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ubuvuzi bw’ubuzima bw’ishyirahamwe ry’ibitaro by’Abanyamerika (ASHE / AHA) nkumuhuzabikorwa wa WMTS. Mubyongeyeho, hari ibicuruzwa byinshi bikoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe bya radio bisanzwe biboneka nka Bluetooth na IEEE 802.11 . == Amashakiro == jddngay3f6jg8u79k26e227nl0bxf47 0 21328 137135 134715 2026-09-14T14:15:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 137135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | name = Tekno | image = Tekno.jpg | image_size = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = | caption = Alhaji Tekno chilling at home | birth_name = Augustine Miles Kelechi Okechukwu | alias = {{flatlist| *Golden Boy of Africa *Slim Daddy *Alhaji Tekno }} | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|12|17|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Bauchi (city)|Bauchi]], [[Bauchi State]], Nigeria | origin = <!-- Origin field is not for biological origin --> | death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date 1st) --> | genre = {{flatlist| *[[Afrobeats]] *[[Hip hop music|hip-hop]] *[[R&B]]}} | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter|producer}} | instrument = {{flatlist| *Vocals *[[Musical keyboard|keyboard]] }} | years_active = 2012–present | label = *[[Island Records|Island]] (Former) *[[Universal Music Group|Universal]] (Former) *Cartel (Current) *Made Men Music Group (Former) *K-Money Entertainment (Former) | associated_acts = * [[Ice Prince]] * [[Davido]] * [[Lola Rae]] * [[Tiwa Savage]] * [[Zlatan]]. * [[Flavour N'abania]] * [[Timaya]] * [[Phyno]] }} Augustine Miles Kelechi Okechukwu (wavutse ku wa 17 Ukuboza 1992), uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Tekno''', ni umuririmbyi, umwanditsi w’indirimbo ndetse n’utunganya imiziki wo muri Nijeriya. <ref name="ecomium">{{Cite web |last=Fayemi |first=Daniel |date=9 November 2013 |title=I snubbed Jim Iyke, others to join Iyanya's Triple MG, TEKNO reveals |url=http://www.encomium.ng/i-snubbed-jim-iyke-others-to-join-iyanyas-triple-mg-tekno-reveals/ |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=Ecomium Weekly |archive-date=24 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224040852/http://encomium.ng/i-snubbed-jim-iyke-others-to-join-iyanyas-triple-mg-tekno-reveals/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Indirimbo ye “Enjoy” niyo film yuruhererekana inyura kuri TV Winning Emmy Ted Lasso (Igice cya gatatu n'igice cya karindwi). == Amavu n'amavuko == Kelechi akomoka mu karere ka Ivo, Intara ya Ebonyi, mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Nijeriya]] . <ref name="onlinedailys.com">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2015 |title=TOP NIGERIAN MUSICIANS FROM EBONYI Online Dailies |url=http://www.onlinedailys.com/top-nigeria-musicians-ebonyi-state/ |access-date=19 December 2017 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051727/http://www.onlinedailys.com/top-nigeria-musicians-ebonyi-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yavukiye muri Leta ya Bauchi mu muryango w'abana batandatu - abahungu batanu n'umukobwa umwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O.S |first=Sherif |date=12 June 2016 |title=Tekno Miles Biography Net worth Age Date of Birth |url=https://naijaquest.com/tekno-miles-biography-and-songs/ |access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> ] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Detect |first=Mind |date=12 November 2022 |title=Tekno Miles Net worth, Biography & More |url=https://www.detectmind.com/tekno-miles-net-worth-biography-age-height-girlfriend-career-songs-more/ |access-date=22 October 2022 |archive-date=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922020616/https://www.detectmind.com/tekno-miles-net-worth-biography-age-height-girlfriend-career-songs-more/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>​​[[Abuja|​]]​Yakuriye mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu birimo '''Nasarawa State''', '''Kaduna''' ([[umurwa]] mukuru wa Kaduna State), ndetse na '''Abuja''' (umurwa mukuru w’Igihugu cya Nijeriya), kubera ko se yakoraga mu gisirikare cya Nijeriya <ref name="pulse">{{Cite web |last=Okafor |first=Onnaedo |date=23 October 2014 |title=Tekno Miles: 10 Minutes With The 'Dance' Crooner |url=http://www.pulse.ng/celebrities/tekno-miles-10-minutes-with-the-dance-crooner-id3217446.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224030316/http://pulse.ng/celebrities/tekno-miles-10-minutes-with-the-dance-crooner-id3217446.html |archive-date=24 February 2016 |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Tekno Miles afite imyaka 8, yiyandikishije mu ishuri ry’umuziki aho yize kandi akaba n'umuhanga wo gucuranga piyano na gitari. <ref name="pulse" /> Ni umuvandimwe mukuru wundi [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] muri nijeriya witwa spotless <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2017 |title=Meet Spotless, Tekno's younger brother who avoids him because of his success |url=https://www.pulse.ng/tekno-meet-spotless-teknos-younger-brother-who-avoids-him-because-of-his-success/rktvc93 |access-date=6 September 2019 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en-US |archive-date=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130102905/https://www.pulse.ng/tekno-meet-spotless-teknos-younger-brother-who-avoids-him-because-of-his-success/rktvc93 |url-status=dead }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Umwuga wa muzika == Tekno Miles niwe wambere wasinyishijwe na K-Money Entertainment. Indirimbo ye yise "Holiday",yasohowe ku izina rya Imprint, kandi irimo '''ijwi ry’umuhanzi w’icyamamare [[Davido]]''', "Holiday" yakiriwe neza kandi Ibona amajwi menshi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 April 2013 |title=PREMIERE: Tekno ft Davido – Holiday (Prod by Gospel) |url=http://www.notjustok.com/2013/04/18/premiere-tekno-ft-davido-holiday-prod-by-gospelondebeatz/ |access-date=15 February 2016 |work=[[NotJustOk]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2012, Tekno Miles yagaragaye n’umunyarwenya uzwi cyane wo muri Nijeriya witwa Julius Agwu mu birori byabereye i Abuja, nyuma yuko Tekno Miles yakiriye amashyi menshi nyuma yo gukora indirimbo yise "Onye Ne Kwu", remix ye yise "Oleku". Muri ibyo birori niho yahuye na Iyanya na Ubi Franklin, umuyobozi wa Made Men Music Group maze baba inshuti. Ubi na Iyanya amaherezo bashishikarije Tekno Miles kwimukira i [[:en:Lagos|Lagos]] kugirango ateze imbere umwuga we wa muzika. Ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2013, yasinyanye amasezerano yo gufata amajwi na Made Men Music Group ''(MMMG)'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2013 |title=Made Men Music Group Officially Sign Tekno On His Birthday |url=http://www.informationng.com/2013/12/made-men-music-group-officially-sign-tekno-on-his-birthday.html |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=Information Nigeria}}</ref> aho yasohoye indirimbo nka "Dance" na "Anything". Aba baseribateri bamuhesheje igihembo mu cyiciro cya "Best New act of the Year" mu birori byo kwidagadura muri Nigeria 2014 . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Abimboye |first=Micheal |date=31 May 2014 |title=Pop duo, Skuki, reject Nigerian Entertainment Awards nomination |url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/161770-pop-duo-skuki-reject-nigerian-entertainment-awards-nomination.html |access-date=15 February 2016 |work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> Ku ya 18 Kamena 2015, Tekno Miles yasohoye indirimbo ye yise "Duro", yakozwe na DJ Coublon . "Duro" yakiriwe neza haba muri Afurika ndetse no muri Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Will Tekno Be the Next Nigerian Pop Star to Break In North America? |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7736653/tekno-pana-interview |access-date=10 September 2017 |website=billboard.com}}</ref> Remix yagaragayemo [[:en:Phyno|Phyno]] na [[:en:Flavour_(musician)|Flavour N'abania]] yasohotse ku ya <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2015 |title=Afrobeats Chart: Top 10 (September 2015) |url=http://www.capitalxtra.com/radio/afrobeats/chart/september-2015/ |access-date=15 February 2016 |website=[[Capital XTRA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2015 |title=REVIEW: Wizkid – Final (Baba Nla) + Tekno – Duro (Remix) ft. Flavour & Phyno |url=http://www.videowheels.tv/review-wizkid-final-baba-nla-tekno-duro-remix-ft-flavour-phyno/ |access-date=15 February 2016 |publisher=Video Wheels |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223075129/http://www.videowheels.tv/review-wizkid-final-baba-nla-tekno-duro-remix-ft-flavour-phyno/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Song Review: Tekno – Duro |url=https://www.adimsongs.com/music/tekno-duro/ |access-date=23 April 2022 |publisher=Adimsongs |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519030138/https://www.adimsongs.com/music/tekno-duro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Indirimbo yakozwe na DJ Coublon hamwe na video iyobowe na AJE Filmworks. Ku <ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2015 |title=VIDEO: Tekno – Wash |url=http://tooxclusive.com/videodownload/video-tekno-wash/ |access-date=15 February 2016 |work=[[tooXclusive]]}}</ref> Ukuboza 2016, Tekno yagizwe umwe mu mpano icumi za mbere za hip-hop na R&B kureba muri Amerika muri 2017 na Billboard . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2016 |title=10 Hip-Hop and R&B Artists to Watch In 2017 |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/rb-hip-hop-artists-to-watch-in-2017-7633323/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Billboard}}</ref> tekno izwi kandi nka Pana shobuja yahinduye izina ayita [https://web.archive.org/web/20230801102616/https://xclusivetones.com/tekno-changes-his-stage-name-to-big-tek/ Big Tek] Mu mwaka wa 2016, Elton John yakinnye indirimbo ya Tekno yise 'Diana' kuri kimwe mu bice bye bya radiyo Isaha ya Radio kuri [[:en:Apple_Music|Apple Music]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elton John closes 2016 with Kungs, Desert, Tekno, The xxx and more |url=https://music.apple.com/us/station/the-xx/ra.1187670619 |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Apple music}}</ref> Icyakora, ku wa 13 Ukwakira 2017, Tekno yagaragaye na DJ Cuppy ku ndirimbo yise ''Green Light'', iyi ikaba yari indirimbo ya mbere ya DJ Cuppy. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Download mp3 DJ Cuppy & Tekno – Green Light |url=https://lenovibes.com/music/dj-cuppy-tekno-green-light/ |access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Lenovibes.com |archive-date=7 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907053905/https://lenovibes.com/music/dj-cuppy-tekno-green-light/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ku ya 12 Ukuboza 2017, <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2017 |title=Drake & Tekno Might Have New Music on the Way |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/drake-tekno-new-music-8070323/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Billboard}}</ref> Umuraperi wo muri [[Kanada]] Drake yashyize amashusho ye hamwe na Tekno ku rubuga rwe rwa Instagram, yandikaho ngo "Igi fata igihe " <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2017 |title=Nigerians react to Tekno's meeting with US rapper, Drake |url=https://punchng.com/nigerians-react-to-teknos-meeting-with-us-rapperdrake/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Punch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2017 |title=Wetin Drake and Tekno dey cook? |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-42311146 |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Bbc}}</ref> Ku wa 10 Kanama 2018, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2018 |title=TEKNO FEATURES IN CIARA’S "FREAK ME" |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/tekno-features-in-ciaras-freak-me/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Guardian}}</ref> Umuhanzi w’umunyamerika Ciara, yifatanyije na Tekno, mu bufatanye bwiswe "Freak Me." Kuri uyu wa <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2018 |title=Ciara releases new single with Tekno |url=https://punchng.com/ciara-releases-new-single-with-nigerian-singer-tekno/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Punch}}</ref> Tekno yatangaje ko iyi ndirimbo yasohotse kandi agaragaza ibihangano bitwikiriye kuri konte ye ya Instagram @teknoofficial.kuwa gatanu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno Releases New Single, Features American Singer, Ciara |url=https://leadership.ng/tekno-releases-new-single-features-american-singer-ciara/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Leadership}}</ref> Ku wa 15 Kanama 2019, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2019 |title=Tekno produces 'Won't Be Late,' a new song for Swae Lee and Drake |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/tekno-produces-wont-be-late-a-new-song-for-swae-lee-and-drake/ybx3c4m |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Tekno yatangajwe nk'umwe mu batunganya 'Won't Be Late' na Swae Lee uafatanyije na Drake Muri Kamena 2018, Tekno yasinyanye amasezerano yo gukwirakwiza na Universal Music Group Nigeriya (UMGN), ishami ry’umuziki wa Universal Music Group ishinzwe Afurika y’iburengerazuba, ndetse n’ikirwa cyitwa Records cyitwa UK. Muri <ref>{{Cite news |date=3 June 2018 |title=Tekno signs deal with Universal Music Group, Island Records |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/270858-tekno-signs-deal-with-universal-music-group-island-records.html |access-date=10 October 2019 |work=premiumtimesng.com}}</ref>, Tekno yagaragaye kuri Beyoncé ' ''[[:en:The_Lion_King:_The_Gift|The Lion King: The gift]]'' y'amajwi y'indirimbo "Don't Jealous Me". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beyoncé: THE LION KING: THE GIFT (2019) |url=https://beyonce.com/album/thegift/songs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720054338/https://www.beyonce.com/album/thegift/songs/ |archive-date=20 July 2019 |access-date=12 August 2020 |website=Beyonce.com}}</ref> Ku wa 6 Ukuboza 2020, Tekno yashyize ahagaragara urutonde rwa alubumu ye ya mbere yari itegerejwe na benshi, ''Old Romance'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leight |first=Elias |date=11 December 2020 |title='Old Romance' Shows Tekno Is Ready for His Spotlight |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tekno-old-romance-1100820/ |access-date=20 February 2021 |website=Rolling Stone}}</ref> Mu 2022, yagaragaye muri ' '''[[:en:Buga_(song)|Buga]] '''' afataniyije na Kizz Daniel, inzira yabaye injyana ya mbere ya shazamed mu mwaka umwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=Kizz Daniel Drops Visuals For Buga Featuring Tekno Miles |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/music/kizz-daniel-drops-visuals-to-buga-featuring-tekno-miles/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=25 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625200306/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/music/kizz-daniel-drops-visuals-to-buga-featuring-tekno-miles/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nanone, muri uwo mwaka, [[Davido]] yerekanye uburyo Tekno yagize uruhare mu kubyutsa umwuga we mu gihe gikomeye cyane ubwo yari akeneye imbaraga nshya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silas |first=Don |date=17 April 2022 |title=What Tekno did to me – Davido |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/04/17/what-tekno-did-to-me-davido/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Umuhanzi Tekno wo muri Afro-pop yashyize ahagaragara amashusho yindirimbo ye yise "Puttin". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno Archives |url=https://guardian.ng/tag/tekno/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Inyuma ya alubumu ye yamenyekanye cyane mu 2023, The More The Better, igihembo -gutsindira umucuranzi wa producer wo muri Nigeriya akaba na producer, Tekno, yatangije ibihe bishya bya muzika n'indirimbo ye aheruka kwitwa Wayo. Iyi ndirimbo nshya niyambere itanga ubufatanye bwe bushya na emPawa Afrika ya Mr Eazi, izabona Tekno abaye umushoramari nabafatanyabikorwa muri label. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamo |first=Heran |date=23 May 2024 |title=Tekno Joins Mr. Eazi’s emPawa Africa as Investor & Partner |url=https://www.billboard.com/business/business-news/tekno-joins-mr-eazi-empawa-africa-investor-partner-1235690241/ |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=Billboard}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Muri Gicurasi 2018, umukunzi wa Tekno yibarutse umwana w'umukobwa. <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 May 2018 |title=Tekno, pretty girlfriend, Lola Rae blessed with baby girl |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/05/tekno-lola-blessed-baby/amp/ |access-date=10 January 2022 |work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Muri 2020, Tekno yatangaje ko yimukiye muri Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwosu |first=Annie |date=4 July 2021 |title=Why I relocated to US - Tekno |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/04/why-i-relocated-to-us-tekno/ |access-date=23 November 2021 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Iki cyari igisubizo ku makuru y’icyifuzo cyatanzwe mu Nteko ishinga amategeko ya Nijeriya yo guhindura izina ry’igihugu muri UAR, kikaba cyari amagambo ahinnye y’igihugu cya Afurika yunze ubumwe cyangwa Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Alkebulan ku ya 2 Kamena. Muri 2017, Tekno yamenyesheje rubanda ko afite aside irike. Ibintu byari bimaze kuba ingorabahizi kandi amaherezo byagize ingaruka ku ijwi rye. Yagombaga kubagwa kugira ngo akemure icyo kibazo. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 May 2017 |title=MUSIC: "I have been sick for over a month with Acid Reflux" -Tekno Reveals as He Goes to America for Treatment |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/04/i-have-been-sick-for-over-a-month-with-acid-reflux-tekno-reveals-as-he-goes-to-america-for-treatment/ |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=[[BellaNaija]] |language=en-US}}</ref> == Urutonde rw'indirimbo == '''Album za studio''' * ''Urukundo Rushaje'' (2020) * ''Ibindi Byiza'' (2023) === ku Giti cye === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Track !Album |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |"Holiday" |rowspan="37" {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- |"Onye Ne Kwu"<span style="font-size:85%; ">(featuring Ice Prince)</span> |- | rowspan="7" |2014 |"Dance" |- |"Shoki"<span style="font-size:85%; ">(featuring B-Red)</span> |- |"Go Low" |- |"Mess" |- |"Zima" |- |"Jonzing" |- |"Anything" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Pounds Dollars |url=https://tunesflow.com.ng/tekno-pounds-dollars/ |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=TunesFlow |language=en-US |archive-date=12 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112164200/https://tunesflow.com.ng/tekno-pounds-dollars/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2015 |"Duro" |- |"Maria" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Jogodo |url=https://www.pulsebeatz.com/tekno-no-forget/ |access-date=12 March 2021 |website=Pulsebeatz |language=en-US |archive-date=8 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908122611/https://www.pulsebeatz.com/tekno-no-forget/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Wash" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Alhaji |url=https://maskahub.com/tekno-alhaji/ |access-date=26 June 2024 |website=MaskaHub |language=en-US |archive-date=15 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815082754/https://maskahub.com/tekno-alhaji/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |"Where" |- |"Pana" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Jogodo |url=https://olahitz.com/tekno-jogodo/ |access-date=16 Oct 2024 |website=Olahitz |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |"Rara" |- |"Diana" |- | rowspan="6" |2017 |"Yawa" |- |"Be" |- |"Samantha"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno –Samantha |url=https://www.v100music.com/nigeria/tekno-samantha/ |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=V100music |language=en-US |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421094430/https://www.v100music.com/nigeria/tekno-samantha/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Go"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Gon Gon |url=https://fakazas.co.za/takno-gon-gon/ |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=Fakazas |language=en-US |archive-date=15 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815082800/https://fakazas.co.za/takno-gon-gon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Mama"<span style="font-size:85%; ">(featuring [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]])</span> |- |"Only One" |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |"Your Luv" |- |"Jogodo" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno - Pana |url=https://tuneshiphop.com/music/tekno-pana/ |access-date=12 July 2025 |website=TunesHipHop |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |"Choko" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno presents a new song “Choko” |url=https://www.entloaded.com/tekno-presents-a-new-song-choko/ |access-date=24 June 2023 |website=Entloaded |language=en-US |archive-date=24 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624111639/https://www.entloaded.com/tekno-presents-a-new-song-choko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"On You" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – On You |url=https://www.voxnaija.com/songs/tekno-on-you/ |access-date=8 February 2024 |website=Voxnaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2019 |"Woman" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Woman |url=https://www.thexclusivepop.com/music/tekno-woman/ |access-date=26 June 2024 |website=Xclusivepop |language=en-US |archive-date=21 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421142935/https://www.thexclusivepop.com/music/tekno-woman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Uptempo" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Uptempo |url=https://www.val9ja.com/tekno-uptempo/ |access-date=13 March 2021 |website=Val9ja |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |"Skeletun" |- |"Surulere" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Surulere |url=https://www.rap9ja.com/music/nigeria/tekno-suru/ |access-date=9 May 2025 |website=Rap9ja |language=en-US |archive-date=9 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509191701/https://www.rap9ja.com/music/nigeria/tekno-suru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Agege"<span style="font-size:85%; ">(featuring Zlatan Ibile)</span> |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |"Beh Beh"<span style="font-size:85%; ">(featuring Masterkraft)</span> |- |"PuTTin" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Naijapals |date=6 April 2020 |title=Tekno (Prod. By Phantom) - Kata (With Lyrics) |url=http://www.naijapals.com/music/Kata_Tekno__Prod__By_Phantom_-105709 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406233107/http://www.naijapals.com/music/Kata_Tekno__Prod__By_Phantom_-105709 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=Naijapals : Nigerian Music |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |"Enjoy" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Enjoy |url=https://www.melodyflash.com/songs/tekno-enjoy/ |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=Melodyflash |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |"Mufasa" |- |"JINJA" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Jinja |url=https://buzzmyear.com/tekno-jinja/ |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=Buzzmyear |language=en-US |archive-date=20 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120212811/https://buzzmyear.com/tekno-jinja/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |"Pay" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Pay |url=https://dopexclusive.com/tekno-pay/ |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=Dopexclusive |language=en-US |archive-date=20 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120212813/https://dopexclusive.com/tekno-pay/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |"Freetown"<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2023-02-25 |title=Tekno addresses the State of The Nation on “Freetown” |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/02/tekno-drops-freetown/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> | rowspan="6" | |- |"Peace Of Mind"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elmalawx |date=2025-05-10 |title=Tekno - Peace Of Mind (mp3 Download) |url=https://ratedsongs.com/tekno-peace-of-mind-mp3-download/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |"Peppermint" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tekno – Peppermint |url=https://www.xclusivesongs.africa/tekno-peppermint/ |access-date=26 June 2024 |website=Xclusivesongs |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |"So What?" <span style="font-size:85%; ">(featuring Shallipopi)</span> |- |"Away"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=2020-12-15 |title=‘Old Romance’ is a lot of ‘Tekno’ [Pulse Album Review] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/tekno-old-romance-album-review/lx3x4wf |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> |- |2024 |"Wayo"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amadi |first=Harrison |date=2024-04-19 |title=Tekno released yet another hit song, “Wayo” |url=https://www.ojapiano.com/entertainment/music/tekno-released-yet-another-hit-song-wayo/ |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Ojapiano |language=en |archive-date=2025-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325120437/https://www.ojapiano.com/entertainment/music/tekno-released-yet-another-hit-song-wayo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2025 |"Ikebe" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elmalawx |date=2025-03-11 |title=Tekno - Ikebe (Mp3 Download) |url=https://ratedsongs.com/tekno-ikebe/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> | |} === Inyandiko zakozwe === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Album |- | 2014 | "Erekana" <span style="font-size:85%;">( Victoria Kimani )</span>|rowspan="3" {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- | rowspan="3" |2015 | "Ndakumva" <span style="font-size:85%;">(Rima irimo Tekno)</span> |- | "Sengera" <span style="font-size:85%;">( Lynxxx irimo Tekno)</span> |- | "Boss" <span style="font-size:85%;">( Ice Prince )</span> | ''Jos ku Isi'' |- | 2016 | "Sitasiyo Yanyuma" <span style="font-size:85%;">( Stonebwoy irimo Tekno)</span>|{{N/A|Non-album single}} |- | rowspan="5" | 2017 | "Niba" <span style="font-size:85%;">( [[Davido]] )</span> | ''Igihe Cyiza'' |- | "Gufata" <span style="font-size:85%;">( Flavour )</span> | ''Ijele Umugenzi'' |- | "Silika" <span style="font-size:85%;">(Madee irimo Tekno)</span>|rowspan="6" {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- | "Genda" <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tekno)</span> |- | "Icyatsi kibisi" <span style="font-size:85%;">( DJ Cuppy irimo Tekno)</span> |- | 2018 | "Jogodo" |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | "Agege" <span style="font-size:85%;">( Zlatan Ibile irimo Tekno)</span> |- | " Ntuzatinda " <span style="font-size:85%;">( Swae Lee arimo Drake )</span> |} "Ikigo cy'Abanyeshuri cya Nijeriya " <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tekno)</span> == Ibihembo == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Umuhango wo gutanga ibihembo ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye / Akazi katoranijwe ! Igisubizo ! Réf |- | 2014 | 2014 Nigeriya Imyidagaduro | Igikorwa Cyiza Cyumwaka | We ubwe|{{nom}} | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Deolu |date=3 September 2014 |title=Full List Of Winners For The Nigerian Entertainment Awards 2014 |url=https://www.informationng.com/2014/09/full-list-of-winners-for-the-nigerian-entertainment-awards-2014.html |access-date=6 September 2019 |website=Information Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | 2015 | Ibihembo bya 9 bya Nigeria Music Video Awards | Amashusho meza ya pop | rowspan="3" | "Duro"|{{won}} | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Adedayo Showemimo |date=13 September 2016 |title=1 year after, NMVA announce 2015 winners |url=https://thenet.ng/1-year-after-nmva-announce-2015-winners/ |access-date=13 September 2016 |work=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 2016 | rowspan="3" | 2016 Nigeriya Imyidagaduro | Bishyushye cyane|{{nom}} | <ref name="bell">{{Cite news |date=16 June 2016 |title=Nominations are Here! Find out who Made the 2016 Nigerian Entertainment Awards Nominees List |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/nominations-are-here-find-out-who-made-the-2016-nigerian-entertainment-awards-nominees-list/ |access-date=13 September 2016 |work=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |- | Amashusho meza yumuziki wumwaka|{{nom}} | <ref name="bell" /> |- | Afropop Umuhanzi wumwaka | We ubwe|{{nom}} | <ref name="bell" /> |- | rowspan="“4”" | 2016 | MTV Africa Music Awards 2016 | Amategeko mashya meza | We ubwe|{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alyssa Klein |date=22 October 2016 |title=The Full List of MTV Africa Music Awards 2016 Winners |url=http://www.okayafrica.com/in-brief/mtv-africa-music-awards-2016-winners-mtvmama2016/ |access-date=15 May 2017 |publisher=OkayAfrica |archive-date=6 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206021849/http://www.okayafrica.com/in-brief/mtv-africa-music-awards-2016-winners-mtvmama2016/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2016 |title=Nigerian Acts Win Big At 2016 MAMA Awards |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/10/23/nigerian-acts-win-big-at-2016-mama-awards/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Channels}}</ref> |- | WatsUp TV Afurika Yumuziki Amashusho Yigihembo | Amashusho nyafurika yumwaka<br /><br /><br /><br /> Video nziza yumugabo wumugabo Video nziza yo muri Afrika yuburengerazuba Video nziza ya Afro Pop | Pana | We ubwe|{{nom}} | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mawuli |first=David |title=WAMVA 2016: Bisa Kdei, Shatta Wale, Sarkodie, Wizkid, Flavour, others nominated |url=http://pulse.com.gh/music/wamva-2016-bisa-kdei-shatta-wale-sarkodie-wizkid-flavour-others-nominated-id5557711.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020124008/http://pulse.com.gh/music/wamva-2016-bisa-kdei-shatta-wale-sarkodie-wizkid-flavour-others-nominated-id5557711.html |archive-date=20 October 2016 |access-date=23 March 2017 |website=pulse.com.gh}}</ref> |- | 2016 | Ibirori byo gutanga amajwi MVP | Indirimbo y'umwaka | We ubwe|{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2016 |title=Tekno, Wizkid, Yemi Alade, Mr Eazi, Kiss Daniel Crowned @ #SoundcityMVP2016 Full Winners List |url=https://notjustok.com/news/tekno-wizkid-yemi-alade-mr-eazi-kiss-daniel-crowned-soundcitymvp2016-full-winners-list/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2016 |title=Wizkid, Yemi Alade Named Africa Best At Soundcity Mvp Awards Festival |url=https://dailytrust.com/wizkid-yemi-alade-named-africa-best-at-soundcity-mvp-awards-festival |access-date=22 April 2022 |archive-date=29 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429172713/https://dailytrust.com/wizkid-yemi-alade-named-africa-best-at-soundcity-mvp-awards-festival |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2016 |title=WIZKID, YEMI ALADE NAMED AFRICA BEST AT SOUNDCITY MVP AWARDS FESTIVAL |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/wizkid-yemi-alade-named-africa-best-at-soundcity-mvp-awards-festival/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | BET Igihembo 2017 | Amategeko mpuzamahanga meza | We ubwe|{{Nominated}} | <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2017 |title=BET Awards 2017: Complete List of Nominees and Winners |url=https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/bet-awards-2017-complete-list-of-nominees-winners-w489566/ |access-date=6 September 2019 |website=Us Weekly |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Ibihembo bya Nigeriya | Umwaka mwiza wumwaka | We ubwe|{{Nominated}} | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wizkid, Davido, Tiwa Savage, Jidenna and More Nominated For 2017 Nigeria Entertainment Awards |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-entertainment-awards-2017-wizkid-davido/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |} == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwabantu Igbo * Urutonde rwabacuranzi ba Nigeriya == Reba == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] 25ldcf4f55udxm0xjpy9ve3hlcnmy01 0 21404 136920 126932 2026-09-14T13:08:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136920 wikitext text/x-wiki Bugingo Ndanga Patrick known as '''Pastor P''' wabonye izuba ku 1 Kanama 1986.Ni umwe mu batungamuziki mu buryo bwa majwi(Music Producer) mu Rwanda.Yatangiye uyu mwuga muri 2005 aho nyuma y'imyaka ibiri yakoze indirimbo ya mbere yiswe Ndarota y'umuhanzi Shanel.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/65105/celebrity-watchpastor-p</ref> Usibye kuba ari umutunganyamuziki ni n'umuhanzi, aho yakoze album yitwa "'''Warakoze Kunkiza'''" '''.'''<ref name=":0" /> == Ibikorwa yakoze == Mu mwuga we yakoze ibikorwa byinshi birimo: * Aho yakoranye na King James muri 2014.<ref name=":1">https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/pastor-p</ref> * Aho yajyiye mu bwongereza(United Kingdom) gukora ku ndirimbo za ba diaspora muri 2015.<ref name=":1" /> * Aho yakoze album ifite umwihariko w'umudiho nyarwanda.<ref name=":2">https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/pastor-p-mu-isura-nshya-twumvane-album-nshya-yahurijeho-indirimbo-zo-hambere</ref> * Yakoze ku ndirimbo zirimo iza ba Meddy, The Ben, Riderman, Buravan and nabandi benshi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4162/entertainment/music/producer-pastor-p-returns-set-to-release-first-album</ref> == Byinshi wamumenyaho == Mu iziki ufite umudiho nyarwanda , uyu muhanzi yasubiyemo indirimbo ya Burna Boy yise “Ye’’ ayicuranga bya Kinyarwanda ndetse iranishimirwa cyane ukurikije ibitekerezo byayitanzweho ku rubuga rwa Youtube.Iyi ndirimbo yagiye hanze muri Nzeri 2021 yayisohoye nk’umuhanzi mushya mu muziki witwa KaguranoRwimo.Aho yavuze ko ari amazina akomora kwa Sekuruza, . Ati “Kagurano yari Sogokuruza wanjye naho Nyirarwimo akaba Nyogokuruza, bityo Sogokuruza aza kubihina anyita Rwimo.”Aya ni amazina Pastor P yavugaga ko yahawe na Sekuruza ayakurana mu muryango ariko ntiyayitwa mu buzima busanzwe. Pastor P avuga ko aya mazina yahawe n’ababyeyi be yayiyise ubwo yatekerezaga gukora umuziki ushingiye ku muco w’u Rwanda.Ati “Ntekereza gukora umuziki ushingiye ku muco w’u Rwanda, nibwo nabonye ko nkwiye gukoresha ya mazina nahawe na Sogokuruza.”Yavugaga ko n’ubwo azajya akoresha aya mazina, ntabwo bikuyeho ayo yari asanzwe yitwa nk’umutunganyamuziki.<ref name=":2" /> == Ibihangano bye == Album nshya ya Kagurano Rwimo yayise “'''Ruticumugambi'''”. Iyi album igizwe n’indirimbo 10. Hariho indirimbo z’Urukerereza nka “Kabanyana k’Abakobwa’’, “Rubanda rugira ayabo”, “Wiriweho mwali’’, “Ibare”, “Agashinge”, “Yewe Roza” na “Amashyo Rugamba”.Hariho izindi ndirimbo nka ‘Inyamanza”, yamenyekanye cyane mu myaka yo hambere iyi kuri iyi album yayirimbiwe na Marie Louise (Umubeyi w’i Musanze), “Abaticumugambi” y’Abasaamyi ba Nkombo na “Laurette” ya Kamaliza yaririmbiwe na Miss Shimwa Guelda wegukanye ikamba rya Nyampinga w’Umurage n’Umuco muri Miss Rwanda mu 2017.Pastor P yavuze ko iyi album ari igitekerezo cyaturutse ku kuntu yabonaga indirimbo zo ha mbere zitagicurangwa kandi zifite amateka ahambaye ku bakunzi b’umuziki, bityo zikaba zikwiriye gusigasirwa.Ati “Iyo ugiye kureba usanga indirimbo zo ha mbere radiyo zitakizicuranga kuko nta muziki irimo nyamara zifite amateka akomeye ku mitima yacu, ibyo byatumye nzisubiramo nziha imiziki kandi nzikora ku buryo bugezweho ku buryo byakunda ko bakomeza kuzicuranga no muri iyi minsi.”Pastor P yavuze ko iyi album y’indirimbo icumi yazihereyeho mu rugendo rwe rwo gukora umuziki, ati “Nibaza ko mfite indirimbo nyinshi zirimo izanjye bwite, gusa naravuze nti aho kugira ngo nkomeze gukora izindi uwabanza kureba ku zisanzwe zihari.”Laurette ya Kamaliza yasubiwemo na Miss Guelda Shimwa ntabwo ari indirimbo nshya kuko Pastor P yayimukoreye mu myaka yo hambere dore ko uyu mukobwa yanayiririmbye mu gitaramo cyo kumurika album ya Charly na Nina mu 2017.Iki gihe uyu mukobwa yavugaga ko yiteguye gutangira urugendo rw’umuziki ku giti cye gusa yaje guhura n’ibicantege bitandukanye iby’umuziki abishyira ku ruhande.<ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == h1vqmqjn0zo7zz4e66rzdq2in06aiou 0 21671 136845 136112 2026-09-14T13:06:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136845 wikitext text/x-wiki == Forever Living Products In Rwanda == '''Forever Living Products (FLP)''' is a U.S.-based multi-level marketing (MLM) company founded in 1978 by Rex Maughan. The company is best known for its '''aloe''' '''Vera–based health, wellness, and skincare products'''. '''Forever Living Products''' is a multi-level marketing company which was founded in 1978 in Tempe, Arizona by Rex Maughan. The company has reported a network of 9.3 million distributors and revenue of $4 billion in 2021, and in 2006 they reported having 4,100 employees. [[Dosiye:Frvr.png|thumb]] == History == Forever Living was founded in 1978 in Tempe, Arizona by Rex Maughan. By the 1990s, Rex Maughan had purchased the Texas company Aloe Vera of America, with Aloe Vera of America selling its products to Forever Living for distribution. Some journalists have likened the multi-level marketing business model of Forever Living's distribution system to that of a pyramid scheme. In 1983, the company was named No. 6 on ''Inc. Magazine''<nowiki/>'s annual Inc. 500 list of the fastest-growing private companies in the United States. [[Dosiye:Alvr.jpg|thumb]] Here in Rwanda Forever Living Products (FLP) was officially launched on '''Thursday, April 20, 2006'''. The launch event was held at the '''[https://www.trip.com/hotels/kigali-hotel-detail-48060626/novotel-umubano/ Hotel Novotel]''' '''[https://www.trip.com/hotels/kigali-hotel-detail-48060626/novotel-umubano/ Umubano]''' in Kigali by a regional team from Kenya and the UK The company currently operates through a network of independent distributors known as '''Forever Business Owners (FBOs)''' across all provinces, including major hubs in '''Kigali''', '''Musanze''', and '''Huye''' he launch was part of the company's expansion into East Africa, providing Rwandans with access to its range of health and beauty products, primarily based on '''[[google:aloe+vera&oq=aloe+vera&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQABiPAjIHCAIQABiPAtIBCDIzNjVqMGoxqAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8|aloe vera]]'''. By 2010, the company had established a significant presence in the country, though it faced some early leadership transitions. <ref group="forever living products in rwanda">'''forever living products in rwanda'''</ref> Today, the company continues to operate in the region through its '''Forever East Africa''' hub, which manages distribution and business opportunities for members across Rwanda. == Importance of Aloe Vera == First of all <u>'''''Aloe vera'''''</u> is a succulent plant renowned for its thick, fleshy leaves containing a soothing, nutrient-rich gel primarily used to treat burns, skin conditions, and wounds. Rich in antioxidants and vitamins, it serves both medicinal and cosmetic purposes, often applied topically for sunburns or consumed in products for potential digestive benefits. '''<u>Key Uses and Benefits</u>:''' * '''Skin Health:''' Widely used to treat burns, acne, psoriasis, and eczema by promoting wound healing and reducing inflammation. * '''Topical Application:''' The clear, inner gel is safe to apply directly to the skin for moisturizing and healing. * '''Oral Use:''' Aloe vera juice or supplements are used for, but not limited to, digestive health, including IBS and constipation. * '''Nutritional Content:''' Contains over 75 active ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and amino acids. '''<u>Important Safety Information</u>:''' * '''Latex Caution:''' The yellow, bitter latex found just under the skin (aloin) is a potent laxative and should be used with caution. * '''Risks:''' Chronic ingestion of aloe latex can cause abdominal cramps and kidney issues. * '''Pregnancy/Nursing:''' Avoid oral consumption during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. * '''Allergies:''' Some individuals may experience allergic reactions on the skin. == How to Register as a Distributor == You can join as a '''Forever Business Owner (FBO)''' through two primary methods: # '''Online Registration:''' Visit the [https://foreverliving.com/rwa/en-rw/welcome Forever Living Rwanda Join Page] and select "Sign up as a FBO". You will need: #* Personal details (name, email, phone number). #* A sponsor's ID (if you don't have one, the [https://foreverliving.com/rwa/en-rw/business-opportunity-faq online system] can help find one near you). # '''In-Person:''' Visit the Kicukiro office to fill out a physical application form and receive immediate guidance from staff. # '''Cost:''' There is typically '''no fee''' to simply sign up. However, to become a fully recognized FBO with the right to build a team and earn bonuses, you must achieve '''2 Case Credits (CC)''' of product sales/purchases within a two-month period or purchase a "Start Your Journey" Pak. [[Dosiye:Tth.jpg|thumb|'''<big>Bright tooth gel</big>''']] You can find these at the Kicukiro office or through the [https://foreverliving.com/rwa/en-rw/home official online shop]: * '''Drinks:''' Aloe Vera Gel, Aloe Berry Nectar, and Forever Freedom. * '''Personal Care:''' Bright Toothgel, Aloe Lips, and Avocado Face & Body Soap. * '''Nutrition:''' Forever Arctic Sea, Absorbent-C, and Bee Propolis. 7o9pwg7m3fancdfic2qju2pb9a4r4ra 0 21734 137110 128579 2026-09-14T13:18:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137110 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kanseri y ibihaha == Kanseri y’ibihaha ni imwe mu ndwara zitandura zizahaje umubare munini w’abatuye Isi, aho zinatwara ubuzima bw’abatagira ingano buri mwaka. Binavugwa ko iyi kanseri ari imwe mu ziganje mu bantu kurusha izindi kuko iza ku mwanya wa kabiri<ref group="edit">https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibyago-bya-kanseri-yibihaha-byikuba-inshuro-22-ku-banywa-itabi-rbc/</ref> Imibare yatangajwe n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe kurwanya Kanseri, ugaragaza ko nko mu mwaka wa 2020 ku isi hose habonetse abarwayi ba kanseri basaga miliyoni 2.2, kikavuga ko gukoresha itabi cyangwa kurinywa byongera ibyago byo kwandura iyi ndwara ihangayikishije ubuzima rusange.<ref group="edit">https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibyago-bya-kanseri-yibihaha-byikuba-inshuro-22-ku-banywa-itabi-rbc/</ref> Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rivuga ko hafi umuntu umwe muri batanu bicwa n’ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri baba bambuwe ubuzima na kanseri y’ibihaha. Nubwo iri ku kigero kimwe n’icy’abandura kanseri y’ibere, kanseri y’ibihaha yo yica abantu baruta abicwa n’iy’ibere, iy’amara ndetse n’iya Prostate ubateranyije.<ref group="edit">https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibyago-bya-kanseri-yibihaha-byikuba-inshuro-22-ku-banywa-itabi-rbc/</ref> Ubuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe kurwanya indwara zitandura mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuzima (RBC) bwatangaje ko abanywi b’itabi baba bafite ibyago byikubye inshuro zisaga 22 zo kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha mu buzima bwabo, bakagira ibyago byo kurwara umutima ndetse n’uruhu rugasaza vuba.<ref group="edit">https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibyago-bya-kanseri-yibihaha-byikuba-inshuro-22-ku-banywa-itabi-rbc/</ref> Ubuyobozi bwa RBC, mu butumwa bwanyujije ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bwagize buti: “Iyemeze kurivaho kugira ngo ubeho ubuzima buzira umuze.”<ref group="edit">https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibyago-bya-kanseri-yibihaha-byikuba-inshuro-22-ku-banywa-itabi-rbc/</ref> Abahanga mu by’ubuzima bavuga ko iyi kanseri ihera mu bihaha ifata mu moko abiri y’ingenzi ari yo yiswe mu rurimi rw’amahanga “non-small cell lung cancer” na “small cell lung cancer”.<ref group="edit">https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibyago-bya-kanseri-yibihaha-byikuba-inshuro-22-ku-banywa-itabi-rbc/</ref> Uretse abashobora kwandura banyoye itabi, binavugwa ko n’abakunda kwegera aho banywera itabi bashobora kwandura iyo kanseri, kimwe n’abashobora guhumeka ubwoko bw’uburozi bwo mu muryango umwe n’uwo mu itabi.<ref group="edit">https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibyago-bya-kanseri-yibihaha-byikuba-inshuro-22-ku-banywa-itabi-rbc/</ref> Bimwe mu bimenyetso by’ibi kanseri harimo inkorora idakira akenshi ukorora agacira amaraso, gutakaza ibilo no guhungetwa, kubabara mu gatuza, kubura ikiryi, kunanirwa guhumeka n’ibindi. Ibyinshi muri ibyo bimenyetso bigaragara iyo kanseri yatangiye kurenga umuntu.<ref group="edit">https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibyago-bya-kanseri-yibihaha-byikuba-inshuro-22-ku-banywa-itabi-rbc/</ref> Bumwe mu buvuzi bushobora guhabwa uwayirwaye harimo kumutera imiti, kumubaga, kumushiririza, kumuha imiti igabanya ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ndetse no kumwongerera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. * <ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibyago-bya-kanseri-yibihaha-byikuba-inshuro-22-ku-banywa-itabi-rbc/</ref> ba4mfa57ts2lycbcy9l6kahcbreve1q 0 21857 136990 136045 2026-09-14T13:10:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q118288447}}   '''Fiacre Ntwari''' yavutse ku ya 25 Nzeri 1999, avukira i [[Kigali]] ni [[Umupira w’amaguru|umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru]] [[Rwanda|w'Umunyarwanda]] ukina nk'umunyezamu akaba afite uburebure bungana na 1.94m.<ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/fiacre-ntwari/profil/spieler/945876</ref> Kuva mu 2023, yakiniye TS Gaxy FC .<ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/330926/fiacre-ntwari</ref> == Mu kibuga == Ntwari Fiacre yatangiye umupira w'amaguru muri [[Intare FC]], Mu mwaka wa 2016, yakinnye bwa mbere mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2017, yerekeje muri [[APR FC]] [[Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda|yo mu cyiciro cya mbere]] . Muri 2017/2018 na 2019/2020, yatwaye igikombe cy'u [[Rwanda]] ari kumwe nabo, naho mu mwaka wa 2018/2019, aba uwa kabiri muri shampiyona y'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2020, yinjiye muri [[Marines FC]], naho mu 2021 yinjiye muri [[AS Kigali|AS Kigali FC]] . Mu mwaka wa 2021/2022, yatwaye [[Igikombe cy'Intwari (Rwanda)|igikombe cy'u Rwanda]] ari kumwe na AS Kigali. Mu 2023, yerekeje muri TS Galaxy FC .<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/84702/Fiacre_Ntwari.html</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/ntwari-fiacre-yasezeye-muri-kaizer-chiefs</ref> == Mu ikipe y'igihugu == Fiacre Ntwari yitabiriye umukino we wa mbere mu [[Amavubi|ikipe y'igihugu y'u Rwanda]] ku ya 15 Ugushyingo 2021, ubwo yatsindwaga na Kenya ibitego 1-2 mu mikino yo guhatanira itike yo gukina igikombe cy'isi cya 2022, yabereye i [[Nairobi]] muri Kenya. == Amashakiro; == hje2op5wn7jwuncuo7uqkk34fzlefj4 0 22137 137132 129307 2026-09-14T13:35:17Z Makenzis 12672 137132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league|name=Ghana Premier League|image=Ghana Premier League 2022.png|caption=Logo used since 2022|country={{flagicon|Ghana}} [[Ghana]]|confed=[[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]|founded={{Start date and age|1958}}|teams=18 (from [[2019–20 Ghana Premier League|2019–20]])|relegation=[[Division One League]]|levels=1|domest_cup={{ubl|[[Ghana FA Cup]]|[[Ghana Super Cup]]}}|confed_cup={{ubl|[[CAF Champions League]]|[[CAF Confederation Cup]]}}|champions=[[Bibiani Gold Stars]] (1st title)|season=[[2024–25 Ghana Premier League|2024–25]]|most successful club=[[Asante Kotoko S.C.|Asante Kotoko]] (25 titles)|tv=[[Adesa Production Limited]] (live matches)|website={{official website|http://www.ghanafa.org/premier-league}}|current=[[2025–26 Ghana Premier League]]}} [[File:Ghana_Premier_League.png|thumb|200x200px|Ikirango cyakoreshejwe mbere kuva mu 2018 kugeza mu 2021.]] '''Shampiyona yo ku rwego''' rwa mbere mu mupira w'amaguru muri Ghana ni Shampiyonaikomeye cyane mu gihugu itegura n'ishyirahamwe ry'umupira wa'[[:en:Ghana_Football_Association|amaguru rya Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Teye |first=Prince Narkotu |date=19 February 2016 |title=Ghana Premier League: An Idiot's Guide |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4372/features/2016/02/19/20523402/the-idiots-guide-to-the-ghana-premier-league |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727200205/https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4372/features/2016/02/19/20523402/the-idiots-guide-to-the-ghana-premier-league |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=[[Goal.com]]}}</ref> ishingwa mu 1958 kugira ngo isimbure shampiyona yahozeho, '''Gold Coast Club Competition''' yatangiye kuva mu 1933 kugeza mu 1953–54. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2024, shampiyona yaabaye iya 8 Muri shampiyona zose zikinirwa ku mugabanee W'Afurika na TeamForm.com. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TeamForm League Ranking - Africa - The Latest |url=https://www.teamform.com/en/league-ranking/africa |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=TeamForm}}</ref> Asante Kotoko ni yo kipe imaze gutwara ibikombe byinshi bya shampiyona aho ifite ibikombe 25, ikurikirwa na [[:en:Accra_Hearts_of_Oak_S.C.|Accra Hearts of Oak]] imaze gutwara ibikombe 20. Amakipe atatu ya nyuma buri mwaka amanuka w'imikino, agashyirwa mu mukiciro cya mbere cya .[[:en:Division_One_League|Ghanaian Division One League]] Muri [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana|Shampiyona ya 2019-20]] yahagaritswe ndetse irahagarikwa bitewe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyabaye muri Ghana, nk’icyatumye imikino y’umupira w’amaguru n’amarushanwa hirya no hino ku isi isubikwa cyangwa ihagarikwa . == Itangazamakuru == Muri Nzeri 2013, [[:en:Super_sport|SuperSport]] yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yasinye amasezerano n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Umupira w'Amaguru rya Ghana yo kwerekana shampiyona kuri DStv na GOtv . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2020 |title=SuperSport not bidding for broadcast rights of Ghana Premier League |url=https://nextvnews.com/supersport-not-bidding-for-broadcast-rights-of-ghana-premier-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807042159/https://nextvnews.com/supersport-not-bidding-for-broadcast-rights-of-ghana-premier-league/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=11 January 2021 |website=Next TV News}}</ref> Ku ya 23 Ugushyingo 2016, ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cyo mu Bushinwa gitanga serivisi zo gutangaza filime StarTimes cyabonye uburenganzira bwo gukora televiziyo no gutangaza filime ku mugaragaro, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Startimes Acquires Ghana Premier League Media Rights |url=http://www.sportindustry.co.za/news/startimes-acquires-ghana-premier-league-media-rights |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405214730/http://www.sportindustry.co.za/news/startimes-acquires-ghana-premier-league-media-rights |archive-date=5 April 2018 |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=Sport Industry South Africa}}</ref> byarangiye mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2023-24, aho raporo nyinshi n'ibiganiro byavugaga ko StarTimes ifitiye GFA miliyoni 1 y'amadolari kandi ko iri mu biganiro byo gushaka andi masezerano mashya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tamakloe |first=Victor Atsu |date=1 July 2024 |title=Hindsight: What next for GPL after StarTimes deal? |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/hindsight-what-next-for-gpl-after-startimes-deal/ |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[Joy FM (Ghana)|MyJoyOnline.com]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title="We did not continue our deal with StarTimes because they owe GFA close $1million" – Exco member Fred Acheampong |url=https://kickgh.com/gpl/we-did-not-continue-our-deal-with-startimes-because-they-owe-gfa-close-1million-exco-member-fred-acheampong |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Kick GH}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title={{sic|StarsTimes|nolink=y}} owe GFA close to $1million – Fred Acheampong reveals |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/StarsTimes-owe-GFA-close-to-1million-Fred-Acheampong-reveals-1949857 |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=StarTimes in advanced talks with GFA to return as official broadcaster of Ghana Premier League |url=https://kickgh.com/gpl/startimes-in-advanced-talks-with-gfa-to-return-as-official-broadcaster-of-ghana-premier-league |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Kick GH}}</ref> Ariko, raporo zigaragaza ko GTV Sports+, umuyoboro wa siporo w'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cya leta ya Ghana cyitwa Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, wari wabonye uburenganzira bwo gukwerekana shampiyona ya 2024-25 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Appiah |first=Samuel Ekow Amoasi |date=29 August 2024 |title=I’m not aware of GBC TV rights deal for Ghana Premier League – Dr Randy Abbey |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1337221/im-not-aware-of-gbc-tv-rights-deal-for-ghana-prem.html |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2024 |title=GTV Sports+ secures exclusive rights to broadcast Ghana Premier League for next five seasons |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/gtv-sports-secures-exclusive-rights-to-broadcast-ghana-premier-league-for-next-five-seasons |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> Guhera mu mwaka wa shampiyona ya Ghana Premier League wa 2025/2026, uburenganzira bwo Kwereka shampiyona bwahawe Adesa Production Limited. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Football Association |url=https://www.ghanafa.org |website=www.ghanafa.org |publisher=Ghana Football Association |language=en}}</ref> == Abakinnyi batsinze == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Years !Champions |- |1958 |Hearts of Oak (1) |- |1959 |Asante Kotoko (1) |- |1960 |Eleven Wise (1) |- |1961–62 |Hearts of Oak (2) |- |1962–63 |Real Republicans (1) |- |1963–64 |Asante Kotoko (2) |- |1964–65 |Asante Kotoko (3) |- |1966 |Mysterious Dwarfs (1) |- |1967 |Asante Kotoko (4) |- |1968 |Asante Kotoko (5) |- |1969 |Asante Kotoko (6) |- |1970 |Accra Great Olympics (1) |- |1971 |Hearts of Oak (3) |- |1972 |Asante Kotoko (7) |- |1973 |Hearts of Oak (4) |- |1974 |Accra Great Olympics (2) |- |1975 |Asante Kotoko (8) |- |1976 |Hearts of Oak (5) |- |1977 |Sekondi Hasaacas (1) |- |1978 |Hearts of Oak (6) |- |1979 |Hearts of Oak (7) |- |1980 |Asante Kotoko (9) |- |1981 |Asante Kotoko (10) |- |1982 |Asante Kotoko (11) |- |1983 |Asante Kotoko (12) |- |1984 |Hearts of Oak (8) |- |1985 |Hearts of Oak (9) |- |1986 |Asante Kotoko (13) |- |1987 |Asante Kotoko (14) |- |1988–89 |Asante Kotoko (15) |- |1989–90 |Hearts of Oak (10) |- |1990–91 |Asante Kotoko (16) |- |1991–92 |Asante Kotoko (17) |- |1992–93 |Asante Kotoko (18) |- |1993–94 |Ashanti Gold (1) |- |1994–95 |Ashanti Gold (2) |- |1995–96 |Ashanti Gold (3) |- |1996–97 |Hearts of Oak (11) |- |1997–98 |Hearts of Oak (12) |- |1999 |Hearts of Oak (13) |- |2000 |Hearts of Oak (14) |- |2001 |Hearts of Oak (15) |- |2002 |Hearts of Oak (16) |- |2003 |Asante Kotoko (19) |- |2004 |Hearts of Oak (17) |- |2005 |Asante Kotoko (20) |- |2006–07 |Hearts of Oak (18) |- |2007–08 |Asante Kotoko (21) |- |2008–09 |Hearts of Oak (19) |- |2009–10 |Aduana Stars (1) |- |2010–11 |Berekum Chelsea (1) |- |2011–12 |Asante Kotoko (22) |- |2012–13 |Asante Kotoko (23) |- |2013–14 |Asante Kotoko (24) |- |2015 |Ashanti Gold (4) |- |2016 |Wa All Stars (1) |- |2017 |Aduana Stars (2) |- |2018 |''Abandoned'' |- |2019 |Asante Kotoko (25) |- |2019–20 |''Abandoned''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2020 |title=Coronavirus : le Championnat du Ghana annulé |trans-title=Coronavirus: Ghana Championship Cancelled |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Coronavirus-le-championnat-du-ghana-annule/1148715 |access-date=1 July 2020 |website=[[L'Équipe]]}}</ref> |- |2020–21 |Hearts of Oak (20) |- |2021–22 |Asante Kotoko (26) |- |2022–23 |Medeama (1) |- |2023–24 |Samartex (1) |- |2024–25 |Bibiani Gold Stars (1) |} == Kubona itike yo Kwitabira irishanwa rya CAF == Urutonde rw'amakipe azakina shampiyona ya CAF Champions League ya 2025-26 ndetse n'igikombe cya Confederation Cup cya CAF cya 2025-26 Bishingira ku bisubizo biva mu marushanwa ya buri kipe ya CAF kuva mu mwaka wa 2020-21 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2024-25. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">Icyitonderwa kirakenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ; Ikimenyetso * '''CL''' : CAF Champions League * '''CC''' : Igikombe cya Confederation cya CAF * '''≥''' : Amanota y'amashyirahamwe ashobora kwiyongera bitewe n'uko amakipe yayo yitwaye mu irushanwa rya CAF clubs yo mu 2024-25. * {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Rank ! rowspan="2" width="200" |Association ! colspan="2" |2020–21<br /><br />{{Small|(× 1)}} ! colspan="2" |2021–22<br /><br />{{Small|(× 2)}} ! colspan="2" |2022–23<br /><br />{{Small|(× 3)}} ! colspan="2" |2023–24<br /><br />{{Small|(× 4)}} ! colspan="2" |2024–25<br /><br />{{Small|(× 5)}} ! rowspan="2" |Total |- !2025 !2024 !Mvt !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |1 |1 | align="center" |— | Egypt |8 |3 |7 |4 |8 |2.5 |7 |7 |10 |4 |'''190.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |2 |2 | align="center" |— | Morocco |4 |6 |9 |5 |8 |2 |2 |4 |5 |5 |'''142''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |3 |4 | align="center" | +1 | South Africa |8 |2 |5 |4 |4 |3 |4 |1.5 |9 |3 |'''131''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |4 |3 | align="center" | -1 | Algeria |6 |5 |7 |1 |6 |5 |2 |3 |5 |5 |'''130''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |5 |6 | align="center" | +1 | Tanzania |3 |0.5 |0 |2 |3 |4 |6 |0 |2 |4 |'''82.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |6 |5 | align="center" | -1 | Tunisia |4 |3 |5 |1 |4 |2 |6 |1 |3 |0.5 |'''82.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |7 |8 | align="center" | +1 | Angola |1 |0 |5 |0 |2 |0 |3 |1.5 |2 |2 |'''55''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |8 |7 | align="center" | -1 | DR Congo |4 |0 |0 |3 |1 |2 |4 |0 |2 |0 |'''45''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |9 |9 | align="center" |— | Sudan |3 |0 |3 |0 |3 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |'''41''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |10 |11 | align="center" | +1 | Ivory Coast |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |3 |3 |0 |1 |2 |'''38''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |11 |10 | align="center" | -1 | Libya |0 |0.5 |0 |5 |0 |0.5 |0 |3 |0 |0 |'''24''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |12 |12 | align="center" |— | Nigeria |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |1 |'''21''' |- |13 |15 | align="center" | +2 | Mali |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 |1 |0.5 |'''18.5''' |- |14 |14 | align="center" |— | Ghana |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |3 |0 |0 |'''16''' |- |15 |13 | align="center" | -2 | Guinea |2 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |'''12''' |- |16 |19 | align="center" | +3 | Botswana |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0.5 |'''8.5''' |- |17 |21 | align="center" | +4 | Senegal |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |'''8''' |- |18 |17 | align="center" | -1 | Mauritania |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''8''' |- |19 |18 | align="center" | -1 | Congo |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |'''7''' |- |20 |16 | align="center" | -4 | Cameroon |0 |3 |0 |0.5 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''7''' |- |21 |22 | align="center" | +1 | Togo |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''3''' |- |22 |22 | align="center" |— | Uganda |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''3''' |- |23 | - | align="center" |new | Mozambique |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |'''2.5''' |- |24 |20 | align="center" | -4 | Zambia |0 |1.5 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''2.5''' |- |25 |24 | align="center" | -1 | Eswatini |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''1''' |- |25 |24 | align="center" | -1 | Niger |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''1''' |- |27 |26 | align="center" | -1 | Burkina Faso |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''0.5''' |} == Imikorere y'ikipe == {| class="wikitable" !Amakipe ! Umujyi/Akarere ! Imyaka ! Abatsinze ! Umutwe wa nyuma |- | Asante Kotoko | align="center" | [[Kumasi]], Akarere ka Ashanti | 1959, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1987, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 2003, 2005, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2019, 2021–22 | align="center" | '''26''' | 2021–22 |- | Imitima y'Ishyamba | align="center" | [[Accra]], Accra Nkuru | 1958, 1961–62, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1984, 1985, 1989–90, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2020–21 | align="center" | '''20''' | 2020–21 |- | Ashanti Gold [ a ] | align="center" | Obuasi, Akarere ka Ashanti | 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2015 | align="center" | '''4''' | 2015 |- | Olempike Nkuru ya Accra | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 1970, 1974 | align="center" | '''2''' | 1974 |- | Inyenyeri za Aduana | align="center" | Dormaa Ahenkro, Akarere ka Bono | 2009–10, 2017 | align="center" | '''2''' | 2017 |- | Abahanga cumi n'umwe | align="center" | Sekondi-Takoradi, Intara y'Iburengerazuba | 1960 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1960 |- | Abarepubulikani nyakuri | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 1962–63 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1962–63 |- | Ibibembe bidasanzwe | align="center" | Cape Coast, Akarere ko Hagati | 1967 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1967 |- | Sekondi Hasaacas | align="center" | Sekondi-Takoradi, Intara y'Iburengerazuba | 1977 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1977 |- | Berekum Chelsea | align="center" | Berekum, Akarere ka Bono | 2010–11 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2010–11 |- | Imijyi ya Legon [ b ] | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 2016 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2016 |- | Medeama | align="center" | Tarkwa, Akarere k'Iburengerazuba | 2022–23 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2023 |- | Samartex | align="center" | Tarkwa, Akarere k'Iburengerazuba | 2023–24 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2024 |- | Inyenyeri za Bibiani Zahabu | align="center" | Bibiani, Amajyaruguru y'Iburengerazuba | 2024-2025 | align="center" | 1 | 2025 |} == Abatsinze amanota menshi == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+1973–2025 Ghana Premier League top scorers<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Topscorers |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/league/goalking_h.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120920/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/league/goalking_h.php |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=3 October 2014 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Scorers |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/competition/co1232/records-top-goal-scorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112215115/http://www.worldfootball.net/top_scorer/gha-premier-league/ |archive-date=12 January 2018 |access-date=3 October 2014 |publisher=World Football}}</ref> !Season !Best scorers !Team !Goals !Ref |- |1973 | align="left" |[[Peter Lamptey]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |26 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osei Asibey |first=Charles |date=23 September 2010 |title=Peter Lamptey, Ghana's first 'goalking' |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Peter-Lamptey-Ghana-s-first-goalking-190944 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031181649/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Peter-Lamptey-Ghana-s-first-goalking-190944 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> |- |1974 | rowspan="3" align="left" |[[Dan Owusu]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Bofoakwa Tano |24 |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Yeboah |first=Thomas Freeman |date=8 April 2020 |title=I owe the success of my football career to Kwasi Owusu: Three times league top scorer Dan Owusu reveals |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/i-owe-the-success-of-my-football-career-to-kwasi-owusu-three-times-league-top-scorer/7f793v8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727134755/https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/i-owe-the-success-of-my-football-career-to-kwasi-owusu-three-times-league-top-scorer/7f793v8 |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref> |- |1975 |26 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1976 |28 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1977 | align="left" |[[George Alhassan]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |{{n/a}} | |- |1978 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Choo]] | align="left" |Real Tamale United |22 |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2011 |title='Attach former goal kings to national teams' – Choo |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/336846/attach-former-goal-kings-to-national-teams.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182407/https://www.modernghana.com/sports/336846/attach-former-goal-kings-to-national-teams.html |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |1979 | align="left" |[[Opoku Afriyie]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |{{n/a}} |- |1980 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Quarshie]] | align="left" |Sekondi Hasaacas |18 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=1985 FA Cup Champions: Hasmal players jubilate after 2–1 win against Asante Kotoko |url=https://www.sekondihasaacasfc.com/1985-fa-cup-champions-hasmal-players-jubilate-after-2-1-win-against-asante-kotoko |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722232306/https://www.sekondihasaacasfc.com/1985-fa-cup-champions-hasmal-players-jubilate-after-2-1-win-against-asante-kotoko |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=[[Sekondi Hasaacas F.C.]]}}</ref> |- |1981 | align="left" |[[Opoku Afriyie]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |21 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teye |first=Prince Narkortu |date=30 March 2020 |title='Rest well legend' – Ghanaians react to news of Opoku Afriyie's demise |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/rest-well-legend-ghanaians-react-to-news-of-opoku-afriyies/1rp89dzatzczo10bavejkgm69f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727220331/https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/rest-well-legend-ghanaians-react-to-news-of-opoku-afriyies/1rp89dzatzczo10bavejkgm69f |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=[[Goal.com]]}}</ref> |- |1982 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Choo]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Real Tamale United |15 |<ref name=":0" /> |- |1983 | align="left" |[[Anane Kobo]] |{{n/a}} | |- |1984 | align="left" |[[Anane Kobo]] |{{n/a}} | |- |1985 | align="left" |[[George Alhassan]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |{{n/a}} | |- |1986 | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Tony Yeboah]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Cornerstones |{{n/a}} | |- |1987 |{{n/a}} | |- |1988–89 | align="left" |[[Henry Acquah]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |{{n/a}} | |- |1989–90 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Tijani]] | align="left" |Cornerstones |15 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=Down Memory Lane – Penalty Shootout in Ghana League Started In 1989–90 Premier League |url=https://nabonlinegh.wordpress.com/2019/11/26/down-memory-lane-penalty-shootout-in-ghana-league-started-in-1989-90-premier-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727235434/https://nabonlinegh.wordpress.com/2019/11/26/down-memory-lane-penalty-shootout-in-ghana-league-started-in-1989-90-premier-league/ |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=NAB Online |language=en}}</ref> |- |1990–91 | align="left" |[[Thomas Boakye]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |{{n/a}} | |- |1991–92 | align="left" |[[Abdul Mumuni]] | align="left" |Dawu Youngstars |{{n/a}} | |- |1992–93 | align="left" |[[Augustine Ahinful]] | align="left" |Goldfields |12 | |- |1993–94 | align="left" |[[Oscar Laud]] | align="left" |Dawu Youngstars |{{n/a}} | |- |1994–95 | align="left" |[[Charles Amoah]] | align="left" |Okwawu United |{{n/a}} | |- |1995–96 | align="left" |[[Kofi Deblah]] | align="left" |Goldfields |{{n/a}} | |- |1996–97 | align="left" |[[Kofi Deblah]] | align="left" |Goldfields |{{n/a}} | |- |1997–98 | align="left" |[[Joe Fameyeh]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |{{n/a}} | |- |1999 | rowspan="3" align="left" |[[Ishmael Addo]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |19 | |- |2000 |21 | |- |2001 |22 | |- |2002 |  | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |18 | |- |2003 | align="left" |[[Shaibu Yakubu]] | align="left" |Goldfields Obuasi |13 | |- |2004–05 | align="left" |[[Samuel Yeboah]] | align="left" |Heart of Lions |{{n/a}} | |- |2005 | align="left" |[[Prince Tagoe]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |18 | |- |2006–07 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Clottey]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |14 | |- |2007–08 | align="left" |[[Eric Bekoe]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |17 | |- |2008–09 | align="left" |[[Alex Asamoah]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |16 | |- |2009–10 | align="left" |[[Bismark Idan]] ----[[Samuel Afum]] | align="left" |Kessben ----Accra Hearts of Oak |13 | |- |2010–11 | align="left" |[[Nana Poku]] | align="left" |Berekum Arsenal |17 | |- |2011–12 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Baffour]] | align="left" |New Edubiase United |21 | |- |2012–13 | align="left" |[[Mahatma Otoo]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |20 | |- |2013–14 | align="left" |[[Augustine Okrah]] | align="left" |Bechem United |16 | |- |2015 | align="left" |[[Kofi Owusu]] | align="left" |Berekum Chelsea |19 | |- |2016 | align="left" |[[Latif Blessing]] | align="left" |Liberty Professionals |14 | |- |2017 | align="left" |[[Hans Kwofie]] | align="left" |Ashanti Gold |17 | |- |2018[c] | align="left" |[[Hafiz Konkoni]] ----[[Kwasi Donsu]] | align="left" |Bechem United ----Medeama |8 | |- |2019–20[d] | align="left" |[[Victorien Adebayor]] | align="left" |International Allies |12 | |- |2020–21 | align="left" |[[Diawisie Taylor]] | align="left" |Karela United |18 | |- |2021–22 | align="left" |[[Yaw Annor]] | align="left" |Ashanti Gold |24 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021/22 GPL: Yaw Annor nets twice to end campaign as top goalscorer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1165853/202122-gpl-yaw-annor-nets-twice-to-end-campaign.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620005232/https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1165853/202122-gpl-yaw-annor-nets-twice-to-end-campaign.html |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |2022–23 | align="left" |[[Abednego Tetteh]] | align="left" |Bibiani Gold Stars |18 | |- |2023–24 | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Stephen Amankona]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Berekum Chelsea |19 | |- |2024–25 |15 | align="left" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=Stephen Amankona wins second straight Golden Boot with 15-goal haul |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Stephen-Amankona-wins-second-straight-Golden-Boot-with-15-goal-haul-1987281 |website=ghanaweb}}</ref> |} == Abaterankunga == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Igihe cy'izunguruka ! Abaterankunga ! Izina ! Ref. |- | 1956–2008 | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana |- | 2009–2013 | Globacom (Glo) | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere muri Glo | <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Teams Sponsorships |url=http://www.gloworld.com/sponsor_nationalteam.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123103427/http://gloworld.com/sponsor_nationalteam.asp |archive-date=23 November 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |website=[[Globacom]]}}</ref> |- | 2013–2015 |first capital plus Bank (Nyuma Capital Bank) | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Capital Plus (Bank) | <ref name="FCP">{{Cite web |last=Zurek |first=Kweku |last2=Neequaye |first2=Bernard |date=5 February 2014 |title=First Capital Plus rescues Premier League with $10million sponsorship |url=http://graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/17000-first-capital-plus-rescues-premier-league-with-10million-sponsorship.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314081948/http://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/17000-first-capital-plus-rescues-premier-league-with-10million-sponsorship.html |archive-date=14 March 2016 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref> <ref name="FCP0">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=Sports Minister hails First Capital Plus Bank for sponsoring Premier League |url=http://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-fa-announce-us-10m-league-sponsorship-deal-first-capital-plus/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222042856/http://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-fa-announce-us-10m-league-sponsorship-deal-first-capital-plus/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> <ref name="FCP1">{{Cite web |title=First Capital Plus Bank signs up for $10m as league sponsor |url=http://www.ghanafa.org/pages/premierleague/201402/9210.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209034306/http://ghanafa.org/pages/premierleague/201402/9210.php |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=[[Ghana Football Association]]}}</ref> |- | 2016–2022 | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana | |- | 2022–2023 | betPawa | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya betPawa | <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2022 |title=GFA announces betPawa as new headline sponsor of the Ghana Premier League |url=https://www.ghanafa.org/gfa-announces-betpawa-as-new-headline-sponsor-of-the-ghana-premier-league |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313082306/https://www.ghanafa.org/gfa-announces-betpawa-as-new-headline-sponsor-of-the-ghana-premier-league |archive-date=13 March 2023 |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=[[Ghana Football Association]]}}</ref> |- | 2023–ubu | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana | <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2023 |title=betPawa set to exit Ghana Premier League sponsorship deal after one year |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/betpawa-set-to-exit-ghana-premier-league-sponsorship-deal-after-one-year |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayamga |first=Emmanuel |date=30 November 2023 |title=Ghana Premier League loses headline sponsorship |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/ghpl/ghana-premier-league-loses-headline-sponsorship/7yz2nh3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218151436/https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/ghpl/ghana-premier-league-loses-headline-sponsorship/7yz2nh3 |archive-date=18 December 2023 |access-date=20 December 2023 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref> |} == Reba kandi == * [[:en:List_of_football_clubs_in_Ghana|Urutonde rw'amakipe y'umupira w'amaguru muri Ghana]] * [[:en:Ghana_Football_Leagues|Amarushanwa y'umupira w'amaguru ya Ghana]] * [[:en:Ghana_Women's_Premier_League|Shampiyona y'abagore ya Ghana]] == Amashakiro n'inyandiko == === Inyandiko === === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} == Ihuzo ryo hanze == * Official website * [https://gh.soccerway.com/national/ghana/premier-league/20232024/regular-season/r77368/ 2023–24 league season] at Soccerway * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070907102512/http://fifa.com/associations/association=gha/nationalleague/standings.html League profile] at FIFA.com (archived 7 September 2007) * [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/ghachamp.html League history] at RSSSF {{Football in Ghana}}{{Ghana Premier League}}{{Ghana Premier League Seasons}}{{CAF Leagues}} 4byqwa3lif0mewc891sjjfd1o25p7a7 137133 137132 2026-09-14T13:35:36Z Makenzis 12672 defunct 137133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shampiyona yo ku rwego''' rwa mbere mu mupira w'amaguru muri Ghana ni Shampiyonaikomeye cyane mu gihugu itegura n'ishyirahamwe ry'umupira wa'[[:en:Ghana_Football_Association|amaguru rya Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Teye |first=Prince Narkotu |date=19 February 2016 |title=Ghana Premier League: An Idiot's Guide |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4372/features/2016/02/19/20523402/the-idiots-guide-to-the-ghana-premier-league |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727200205/https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4372/features/2016/02/19/20523402/the-idiots-guide-to-the-ghana-premier-league |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=[[Goal.com]]}}</ref> ishingwa mu 1958 kugira ngo isimbure shampiyona yahozeho, '''Gold Coast Club Competition''' yatangiye kuva mu 1933 kugeza mu 1953–54. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2024, shampiyona yaabaye iya 8 Muri shampiyona zose zikinirwa ku mugabanee W'Afurika na TeamForm.com. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TeamForm League Ranking - Africa - The Latest |url=https://www.teamform.com/en/league-ranking/africa |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=TeamForm}}</ref> Asante Kotoko ni yo kipe imaze gutwara ibikombe byinshi bya shampiyona aho ifite ibikombe 25, ikurikirwa na [[:en:Accra_Hearts_of_Oak_S.C.|Accra Hearts of Oak]] imaze gutwara ibikombe 20. Amakipe atatu ya nyuma buri mwaka amanuka w'imikino, agashyirwa mu mukiciro cya mbere cya .[[:en:Division_One_League|Ghanaian Division One League]] Muri [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana|Shampiyona ya 2019-20]] yahagaritswe ndetse irahagarikwa bitewe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyabaye muri Ghana, nk’icyatumye imikino y’umupira w’amaguru n’amarushanwa hirya no hino ku isi isubikwa cyangwa ihagarikwa . == Itangazamakuru == Muri Nzeri 2013, [[:en:Super_sport|SuperSport]] yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yasinye amasezerano n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Umupira w'Amaguru rya Ghana yo kwerekana shampiyona kuri DStv na GOtv . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2020 |title=SuperSport not bidding for broadcast rights of Ghana Premier League |url=https://nextvnews.com/supersport-not-bidding-for-broadcast-rights-of-ghana-premier-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807042159/https://nextvnews.com/supersport-not-bidding-for-broadcast-rights-of-ghana-premier-league/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=11 January 2021 |website=Next TV News}}</ref> Ku ya 23 Ugushyingo 2016, ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cyo mu Bushinwa gitanga serivisi zo gutangaza filime StarTimes cyabonye uburenganzira bwo gukora televiziyo no gutangaza filime ku mugaragaro, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=Startimes Acquires Ghana Premier League Media Rights |url=http://www.sportindustry.co.za/news/startimes-acquires-ghana-premier-league-media-rights |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405214730/http://www.sportindustry.co.za/news/startimes-acquires-ghana-premier-league-media-rights |archive-date=5 April 2018 |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=Sport Industry South Africa}}</ref> byarangiye mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2023-24, aho raporo nyinshi n'ibiganiro byavugaga ko StarTimes ifitiye GFA miliyoni 1 y'amadolari kandi ko iri mu biganiro byo gushaka andi masezerano mashya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tamakloe |first=Victor Atsu |date=1 July 2024 |title=Hindsight: What next for GPL after StarTimes deal? |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/hindsight-what-next-for-gpl-after-startimes-deal/ |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[Joy FM (Ghana)|MyJoyOnline.com]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title="We did not continue our deal with StarTimes because they owe GFA close $1million" – Exco member Fred Acheampong |url=https://kickgh.com/gpl/we-did-not-continue-our-deal-with-startimes-because-they-owe-gfa-close-1million-exco-member-fred-acheampong |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Kick GH}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title={{sic|StarsTimes|nolink=y}} owe GFA close to $1million – Fred Acheampong reveals |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/StarsTimes-owe-GFA-close-to-1million-Fred-Acheampong-reveals-1949857 |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=StarTimes in advanced talks with GFA to return as official broadcaster of Ghana Premier League |url=https://kickgh.com/gpl/startimes-in-advanced-talks-with-gfa-to-return-as-official-broadcaster-of-ghana-premier-league |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Kick GH}}</ref> Ariko, raporo zigaragaza ko GTV Sports+, umuyoboro wa siporo w'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cya leta ya Ghana cyitwa Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, wari wabonye uburenganzira bwo gukwerekana shampiyona ya 2024-25 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Appiah |first=Samuel Ekow Amoasi |date=29 August 2024 |title=I’m not aware of GBC TV rights deal for Ghana Premier League – Dr Randy Abbey |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1337221/im-not-aware-of-gbc-tv-rights-deal-for-ghana-prem.html |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2024 |title=GTV Sports+ secures exclusive rights to broadcast Ghana Premier League for next five seasons |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/gtv-sports-secures-exclusive-rights-to-broadcast-ghana-premier-league-for-next-five-seasons |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> Guhera mu mwaka wa shampiyona ya Ghana Premier League wa 2025/2026, uburenganzira bwo Kwereka shampiyona bwahawe Adesa Production Limited. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana Football Association |url=https://www.ghanafa.org |website=www.ghanafa.org |publisher=Ghana Football Association |language=en}}</ref> == Abakinnyi batsinze == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Years !Champions |- |1958 |Hearts of Oak (1) |- |1959 |Asante Kotoko (1) |- |1960 |Eleven Wise (1) |- |1961–62 |Hearts of Oak (2) |- |1962–63 |Real Republicans (1) |- |1963–64 |Asante Kotoko (2) |- |1964–65 |Asante Kotoko (3) |- |1966 |Mysterious Dwarfs (1) |- |1967 |Asante Kotoko (4) |- |1968 |Asante Kotoko (5) |- |1969 |Asante Kotoko (6) |- |1970 |Accra Great Olympics (1) |- |1971 |Hearts of Oak (3) |- |1972 |Asante Kotoko (7) |- |1973 |Hearts of Oak (4) |- |1974 |Accra Great Olympics (2) |- |1975 |Asante Kotoko (8) |- |1976 |Hearts of Oak (5) |- |1977 |Sekondi Hasaacas (1) |- |1978 |Hearts of Oak (6) |- |1979 |Hearts of Oak (7) |- |1980 |Asante Kotoko (9) |- |1981 |Asante Kotoko (10) |- |1982 |Asante Kotoko (11) |- |1983 |Asante Kotoko (12) |- |1984 |Hearts of Oak (8) |- |1985 |Hearts of Oak (9) |- |1986 |Asante Kotoko (13) |- |1987 |Asante Kotoko (14) |- |1988–89 |Asante Kotoko (15) |- |1989–90 |Hearts of Oak (10) |- |1990–91 |Asante Kotoko (16) |- |1991–92 |Asante Kotoko (17) |- |1992–93 |Asante Kotoko (18) |- |1993–94 |Ashanti Gold (1) |- |1994–95 |Ashanti Gold (2) |- |1995–96 |Ashanti Gold (3) |- |1996–97 |Hearts of Oak (11) |- |1997–98 |Hearts of Oak (12) |- |1999 |Hearts of Oak (13) |- |2000 |Hearts of Oak (14) |- |2001 |Hearts of Oak (15) |- |2002 |Hearts of Oak (16) |- |2003 |Asante Kotoko (19) |- |2004 |Hearts of Oak (17) |- |2005 |Asante Kotoko (20) |- |2006–07 |Hearts of Oak (18) |- |2007–08 |Asante Kotoko (21) |- |2008–09 |Hearts of Oak (19) |- |2009–10 |Aduana Stars (1) |- |2010–11 |Berekum Chelsea (1) |- |2011–12 |Asante Kotoko (22) |- |2012–13 |Asante Kotoko (23) |- |2013–14 |Asante Kotoko (24) |- |2015 |Ashanti Gold (4) |- |2016 |Wa All Stars (1) |- |2017 |Aduana Stars (2) |- |2018 |''Abandoned'' |- |2019 |Asante Kotoko (25) |- |2019–20 |''Abandoned''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2020 |title=Coronavirus : le Championnat du Ghana annulé |trans-title=Coronavirus: Ghana Championship Cancelled |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Coronavirus-le-championnat-du-ghana-annule/1148715 |access-date=1 July 2020 |website=[[L'Équipe]]}}</ref> |- |2020–21 |Hearts of Oak (20) |- |2021–22 |Asante Kotoko (26) |- |2022–23 |Medeama (1) |- |2023–24 |Samartex (1) |- |2024–25 |Bibiani Gold Stars (1) |} == Kubona itike yo Kwitabira irishanwa rya CAF == Urutonde rw'amakipe azakina shampiyona ya CAF Champions League ya 2025-26 ndetse n'igikombe cya Confederation Cup cya CAF cya 2025-26 Bishingira ku bisubizo biva mu marushanwa ya buri kipe ya CAF kuva mu mwaka wa 2020-21 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2024-25. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">Icyitonderwa kirakenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ; Ikimenyetso * '''CL''' : CAF Champions League * '''CC''' : Igikombe cya Confederation cya CAF * '''≥''' : Amanota y'amashyirahamwe ashobora kwiyongera bitewe n'uko amakipe yayo yitwaye mu irushanwa rya CAF clubs yo mu 2024-25. * {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Rank ! rowspan="2" width="200" |Association ! colspan="2" |2020–21<br /><br />{{Small|(× 1)}} ! colspan="2" |2021–22<br /><br />{{Small|(× 2)}} ! colspan="2" |2022–23<br /><br />{{Small|(× 3)}} ! colspan="2" |2023–24<br /><br />{{Small|(× 4)}} ! colspan="2" |2024–25<br /><br />{{Small|(× 5)}} ! rowspan="2" |Total |- !2025 !2024 !Mvt !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC !CL !CC |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |1 |1 | align="center" |— | Egypt |8 |3 |7 |4 |8 |2.5 |7 |7 |10 |4 |'''190.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |2 |2 | align="center" |— | Morocco |4 |6 |9 |5 |8 |2 |2 |4 |5 |5 |'''142''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |3 |4 | align="center" | +1 | South Africa |8 |2 |5 |4 |4 |3 |4 |1.5 |9 |3 |'''131''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |4 |3 | align="center" | -1 | Algeria |6 |5 |7 |1 |6 |5 |2 |3 |5 |5 |'''130''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |5 |6 | align="center" | +1 | Tanzania |3 |0.5 |0 |2 |3 |4 |6 |0 |2 |4 |'''82.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |6 |5 | align="center" | -1 | Tunisia |4 |3 |5 |1 |4 |2 |6 |1 |3 |0.5 |'''82.5''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |7 |8 | align="center" | +1 | Angola |1 |0 |5 |0 |2 |0 |3 |1.5 |2 |2 |'''55''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |8 |7 | align="center" | -1 | DR Congo |4 |0 |0 |3 |1 |2 |4 |0 |2 |0 |'''45''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |9 |9 | align="center" |— | Sudan |3 |0 |3 |0 |3 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |'''41''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |10 |11 | align="center" | +1 | Ivory Coast |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |3 |3 |0 |1 |2 |'''38''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |11 |10 | align="center" | -1 | Libya |0 |0.5 |0 |5 |0 |0.5 |0 |3 |0 |0 |'''24''' |- bgcolor="#FFFFBB" |12 |12 | align="center" |— | Nigeria |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |1 |'''21''' |- |13 |15 | align="center" | +2 | Mali |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 |1 |0.5 |'''18.5''' |- |14 |14 | align="center" |— | Ghana |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |3 |0 |0 |'''16''' |- |15 |13 | align="center" | -2 | Guinea |2 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |'''12''' |- |16 |19 | align="center" | +3 | Botswana |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0.5 |'''8.5''' |- |17 |21 | align="center" | +4 | Senegal |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |'''8''' |- |18 |17 | align="center" | -1 | Mauritania |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |'''8''' |- |19 |18 | align="center" | -1 | Congo |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |'''7''' |- |20 |16 | align="center" | -4 | Cameroon |0 |3 |0 |0.5 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''7''' |- |21 |22 | align="center" | +1 | Togo |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''3''' |- |22 |22 | align="center" |— | Uganda |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''3''' |- |23 | - | align="center" |new | Mozambique |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |'''2.5''' |- |24 |20 | align="center" | -4 | Zambia |0 |1.5 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''2.5''' |- |25 |24 | align="center" | -1 | Eswatini |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''1''' |- |25 |24 | align="center" | -1 | Niger |0 |0 |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''1''' |- |27 |26 | align="center" | -1 | Burkina Faso |0 |0.5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |'''0.5''' |} == Imikorere y'ikipe == {| class="wikitable" !Amakipe ! Umujyi/Akarere ! Imyaka ! Abatsinze ! Umutwe wa nyuma |- | Asante Kotoko | align="center" | [[Kumasi]], Akarere ka Ashanti | 1959, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1987, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 2003, 2005, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2019, 2021–22 | align="center" | '''26''' | 2021–22 |- | Imitima y'Ishyamba | align="center" | [[Accra]], Accra Nkuru | 1958, 1961–62, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1984, 1985, 1989–90, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2020–21 | align="center" | '''20''' | 2020–21 |- | Ashanti Gold [ a ] | align="center" | Obuasi, Akarere ka Ashanti | 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2015 | align="center" | '''4''' | 2015 |- | Olempike Nkuru ya Accra | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 1970, 1974 | align="center" | '''2''' | 1974 |- | Inyenyeri za Aduana | align="center" | Dormaa Ahenkro, Akarere ka Bono | 2009–10, 2017 | align="center" | '''2''' | 2017 |- | Abahanga cumi n'umwe | align="center" | Sekondi-Takoradi, Intara y'Iburengerazuba | 1960 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1960 |- | Abarepubulikani nyakuri | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 1962–63 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1962–63 |- | Ibibembe bidasanzwe | align="center" | Cape Coast, Akarere ko Hagati | 1967 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1967 |- | Sekondi Hasaacas | align="center" | Sekondi-Takoradi, Intara y'Iburengerazuba | 1977 | align="center" | '''1''' | 1977 |- | Berekum Chelsea | align="center" | Berekum, Akarere ka Bono | 2010–11 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2010–11 |- | Imijyi ya Legon [ b ] | align="center" | Accra, Accra Nkuru | 2016 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2016 |- | Medeama | align="center" | Tarkwa, Akarere k'Iburengerazuba | 2022–23 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2023 |- | Samartex | align="center" | Tarkwa, Akarere k'Iburengerazuba | 2023–24 | align="center" | '''1''' | 2024 |- | Inyenyeri za Bibiani Zahabu | align="center" | Bibiani, Amajyaruguru y'Iburengerazuba | 2024-2025 | align="center" | 1 | 2025 |} == Abatsinze amanota menshi == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+1973–2025 Ghana Premier League top scorers<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Topscorers |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/league/goalking_h.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120920/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/league/goalking_h.php |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=3 October 2014 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Scorers |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/competition/co1232/records-top-goal-scorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112215115/http://www.worldfootball.net/top_scorer/gha-premier-league/ |archive-date=12 January 2018 |access-date=3 October 2014 |publisher=World Football}}</ref> !Season !Best scorers !Team !Goals !Ref |- |1973 | align="left" |[[Peter Lamptey]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |26 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osei Asibey |first=Charles |date=23 September 2010 |title=Peter Lamptey, Ghana's first 'goalking' |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Peter-Lamptey-Ghana-s-first-goalking-190944 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031181649/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Peter-Lamptey-Ghana-s-first-goalking-190944 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> |- |1974 | rowspan="3" align="left" |[[Dan Owusu]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Bofoakwa Tano |24 |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Yeboah |first=Thomas Freeman |date=8 April 2020 |title=I owe the success of my football career to Kwasi Owusu: Three times league top scorer Dan Owusu reveals |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/i-owe-the-success-of-my-football-career-to-kwasi-owusu-three-times-league-top-scorer/7f793v8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727134755/https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/i-owe-the-success-of-my-football-career-to-kwasi-owusu-three-times-league-top-scorer/7f793v8 |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref> |- |1975 |26 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1976 |28 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1977 | align="left" |[[George Alhassan]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |{{n/a}} | |- |1978 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Choo]] | align="left" |Real Tamale United |22 |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2011 |title='Attach former goal kings to national teams' – Choo |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/336846/attach-former-goal-kings-to-national-teams.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182407/https://www.modernghana.com/sports/336846/attach-former-goal-kings-to-national-teams.html |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=[[ModernGhana]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |1979 | align="left" |[[Opoku Afriyie]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |{{n/a}} |- |1980 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Quarshie]] | align="left" |Sekondi Hasaacas |18 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=1985 FA Cup Champions: Hasmal players jubilate after 2–1 win against Asante Kotoko |url=https://www.sekondihasaacasfc.com/1985-fa-cup-champions-hasmal-players-jubilate-after-2-1-win-against-asante-kotoko |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722232306/https://www.sekondihasaacasfc.com/1985-fa-cup-champions-hasmal-players-jubilate-after-2-1-win-against-asante-kotoko |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=[[Sekondi Hasaacas F.C.]]}}</ref> |- |1981 | align="left" |[[Opoku Afriyie]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |21 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teye |first=Prince Narkortu |date=30 March 2020 |title='Rest well legend' – Ghanaians react to news of Opoku Afriyie's demise |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/rest-well-legend-ghanaians-react-to-news-of-opoku-afriyies/1rp89dzatzczo10bavejkgm69f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727220331/https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/rest-well-legend-ghanaians-react-to-news-of-opoku-afriyies/1rp89dzatzczo10bavejkgm69f |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=[[Goal.com]]}}</ref> |- |1982 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Choo]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Real Tamale United |15 |<ref name=":0" /> |- |1983 | align="left" |[[Anane Kobo]] |{{n/a}} | |- |1984 | align="left" |[[Anane Kobo]] |{{n/a}} | |- |1985 | align="left" |[[George Alhassan]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |{{n/a}} | |- |1986 | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Tony Yeboah]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Cornerstones |{{n/a}} | |- |1987 |{{n/a}} | |- |1988–89 | align="left" |[[Henry Acquah]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |{{n/a}} | |- |1989–90 | align="left" |[[Muhammed Tijani]] | align="left" |Cornerstones |15 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=Down Memory Lane – Penalty Shootout in Ghana League Started In 1989–90 Premier League |url=https://nabonlinegh.wordpress.com/2019/11/26/down-memory-lane-penalty-shootout-in-ghana-league-started-in-1989-90-premier-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727235434/https://nabonlinegh.wordpress.com/2019/11/26/down-memory-lane-penalty-shootout-in-ghana-league-started-in-1989-90-premier-league/ |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=NAB Online |language=en}}</ref> |- |1990–91 | align="left" |[[Thomas Boakye]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |{{n/a}} | |- |1991–92 | align="left" |[[Abdul Mumuni]] | align="left" |Dawu Youngstars |{{n/a}} | |- |1992–93 | align="left" |[[Augustine Ahinful]] | align="left" |Goldfields |12 | |- |1993–94 | align="left" |[[Oscar Laud]] | align="left" |Dawu Youngstars |{{n/a}} | |- |1994–95 | align="left" |[[Charles Amoah]] | align="left" |Okwawu United |{{n/a}} | |- |1995–96 | align="left" |[[Kofi Deblah]] | align="left" |Goldfields |{{n/a}} | |- |1996–97 | align="left" |[[Kofi Deblah]] | align="left" |Goldfields |{{n/a}} | |- |1997–98 | align="left" |[[Joe Fameyeh]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |{{n/a}} | |- |1999 | rowspan="3" align="left" |[[Ishmael Addo]] | rowspan="3" align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |19 | |- |2000 |21 | |- |2001 |22 | |- |2002 |  | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |18 | |- |2003 | align="left" |[[Shaibu Yakubu]] | align="left" |Goldfields Obuasi |13 | |- |2004–05 | align="left" |[[Samuel Yeboah]] | align="left" |Heart of Lions |{{n/a}} | |- |2005 | align="left" |[[Prince Tagoe]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |18 | |- |2006–07 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Clottey]] | align="left" |Accra Great Olympics |14 | |- |2007–08 | align="left" |[[Eric Bekoe]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |17 | |- |2008–09 | align="left" |[[Alex Asamoah]] | align="left" |Asante Kotoko |16 | |- |2009–10 | align="left" |[[Bismark Idan]] ----[[Samuel Afum]] | align="left" |Kessben ----Accra Hearts of Oak |13 | |- |2010–11 | align="left" |[[Nana Poku]] | align="left" |Berekum Arsenal |17 | |- |2011–12 | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Baffour]] | align="left" |New Edubiase United |21 | |- |2012–13 | align="left" |[[Mahatma Otoo]] | align="left" |Accra Hearts of Oak |20 | |- |2013–14 | align="left" |[[Augustine Okrah]] | align="left" |Bechem United |16 | |- |2015 | align="left" |[[Kofi Owusu]] | align="left" |Berekum Chelsea |19 | |- |2016 | align="left" |[[Latif Blessing]] | align="left" |Liberty Professionals |14 | |- |2017 | align="left" |[[Hans Kwofie]] | align="left" |Ashanti Gold |17 | |- |2018[c] | align="left" |[[Hafiz Konkoni]] ----[[Kwasi Donsu]] | align="left" |Bechem United ----Medeama |8 | |- |2019–20[d] | align="left" |[[Victorien Adebayor]] | align="left" |International Allies |12 | |- |2020–21 | align="left" |[[Diawisie Taylor]] | align="left" |Karela United |18 | |- |2021–22 | align="left" |[[Yaw Annor]] | align="left" |Ashanti Gold |24 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021/22 GPL: Yaw Annor nets twice to end campaign as top goalscorer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1165853/202122-gpl-yaw-annor-nets-twice-to-end-campaign.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620005232/https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1165853/202122-gpl-yaw-annor-nets-twice-to-end-campaign.html |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |2022–23 | align="left" |[[Abednego Tetteh]] | align="left" |Bibiani Gold Stars |18 | |- |2023–24 | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Stephen Amankona]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Berekum Chelsea |19 | |- |2024–25 |15 | align="left" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2025 |title=Stephen Amankona wins second straight Golden Boot with 15-goal haul |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Stephen-Amankona-wins-second-straight-Golden-Boot-with-15-goal-haul-1987281 |website=ghanaweb}}</ref> |} == Abaterankunga == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Igihe cy'izunguruka ! Abaterankunga ! Izina ! Ref. |- | 1956–2008 | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana |- | 2009–2013 | Globacom (Glo) | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere muri Glo | <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Teams Sponsorships |url=http://www.gloworld.com/sponsor_nationalteam.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123103427/http://gloworld.com/sponsor_nationalteam.asp |archive-date=23 November 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |website=[[Globacom]]}}</ref> |- | 2013–2015 |first capital plus Bank (Nyuma Capital Bank) | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Capital Plus (Bank) | <ref name="FCP">{{Cite web |last=Zurek |first=Kweku |last2=Neequaye |first2=Bernard |date=5 February 2014 |title=First Capital Plus rescues Premier League with $10million sponsorship |url=http://graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/17000-first-capital-plus-rescues-premier-league-with-10million-sponsorship.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314081948/http://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/17000-first-capital-plus-rescues-premier-league-with-10million-sponsorship.html |archive-date=14 March 2016 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=Graphic Ghana}}</ref> <ref name="FCP0">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=Sports Minister hails First Capital Plus Bank for sponsoring Premier League |url=http://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-fa-announce-us-10m-league-sponsorship-deal-first-capital-plus/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222042856/http://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-fa-announce-us-10m-league-sponsorship-deal-first-capital-plus/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> <ref name="FCP1">{{Cite web |title=First Capital Plus Bank signs up for $10m as league sponsor |url=http://www.ghanafa.org/pages/premierleague/201402/9210.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209034306/http://ghanafa.org/pages/premierleague/201402/9210.php |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=5 February 2014 |website=[[Ghana Football Association]]}}</ref> |- | 2016–2022 | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana | |- | 2022–2023 | betPawa | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya betPawa | <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2022 |title=GFA announces betPawa as new headline sponsor of the Ghana Premier League |url=https://www.ghanafa.org/gfa-announces-betpawa-as-new-headline-sponsor-of-the-ghana-premier-league |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313082306/https://www.ghanafa.org/gfa-announces-betpawa-as-new-headline-sponsor-of-the-ghana-premier-league |archive-date=13 March 2023 |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=[[Ghana Football Association]]}}</ref> |- | 2023–ubu | Nta na kimwe | Shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Ghana | <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2023 |title=betPawa set to exit Ghana Premier League sponsorship deal after one year |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/betpawa-set-to-exit-ghana-premier-league-sponsorship-deal-after-one-year |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=Ghana Soccernet}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayamga |first=Emmanuel |date=30 November 2023 |title=Ghana Premier League loses headline sponsorship |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/ghpl/ghana-premier-league-loses-headline-sponsorship/7yz2nh3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218151436/https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/football/ghpl/ghana-premier-league-loses-headline-sponsorship/7yz2nh3 |archive-date=18 December 2023 |access-date=20 December 2023 |website=Pulse Ghana}}</ref> |} == Reba kandi == * [[:en:List_of_football_clubs_in_Ghana|Urutonde rw'amakipe y'umupira w'amaguru muri Ghana]] * [[:en:Ghana_Football_Leagues|Amarushanwa y'umupira w'amaguru ya Ghana]] * [[:en:Ghana_Women's_Premier_League|Shampiyona y'abagore ya Ghana]] == Amashakiro n'inyandiko == === Inyandiko === === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} == Ihuzo ryo hanze == * Official website * [https://gh.soccerway.com/national/ghana/premier-league/20232024/regular-season/r77368/ 2023–24 league season] at Soccerway * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070907102512/http://fifa.com/associations/association=gha/nationalleague/standings.html League profile] at FIFA.com (archived 7 September 2007) * [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/ghachamp.html League history] at RSSSF {{Football in Ghana}}{{Ghana Premier League}}{{Ghana Premier League Seasons}}{{CAF Leagues}} 3scljm12totj84ywfdxv3j1dnw68ank 0 22158 136804 135027 2026-09-14T13:05:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136804 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Uburaguzi.jpg|thumb]] '''Kuraguza mu Rwanda''' ni bumwe m' uburyo bw'imizerere bwo hambere mu bakurambere bu [[Rwanda]] bwabaga ari kureba kure cyangwa se kubona imbaraga zidasanzwe binyuze munzira zizwi za [[Abapfumu|gipfumu]]. Kuraguza nawo ni umwe mu mico yarangaga abakurambere mu kwambaza . == Uko Baragura == Kera hariho abapfumu rero bakoresheje ibikoresho bigiye bitandukanye rwose ariko bigaterwa nahantu cyangwa abantu, aha twavuga, haba ari inyama zo mu nda z’inyamaswa cyangwa se n’iz’abantu, cyangwa sebakitegereza neza ukuntu inkoko itora hasi. Hari n’abakoreshaga ibibabi by’icyayi cyangwa imbuto z’ikawa. <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/amabanga-y-ubupfumu-amarozi-no-kuraguza-mu-muziki-w-u-rwanda</ref> == Ubu == Kuraguza ubu muri iki gihe bisa nibyajemo ibintu byinshi bisa naho ari ubutekamutwe cyangwa ubujura, aho muri iki gihe bakoresha wenda amakarita y’ubupfumu, utubumbe tw’ibirahuri byangiye bisigare mu bikoresho by'okubaka n’ibindi kugira ngo bamenye ibizaba ku muntu cyangwa baamenye amakuru atari asazwe azwi .<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/ubupfumu-no-kuraguza-mu-banyarwanda-mu-isura-nshya</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Kuraguza]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubupfumu]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] nkf735rn5zibq1xzg43jcbc9kwaqced 0 22331 136921 135855 2026-09-14T13:08:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136921 wikitext text/x-wiki Yahoze ari umunyamakuru wa Radiyo Rwanda, akaba azwiho kuba ari umunyamakuru wakoze kuri Radio Rwanda imyaka irenga mirongo ine ndetse no kuba yarabyariye muri Sitidiyo ya Radio ubwo yararimo gusoma amakuru<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/louise-victoire-nganyira-wamenyakanye-muri-wari-uziko-yavuze-byinshi</ref> . == Amateka == Victoria NGANYIRA yavutse mu mwaka wa 1940 avukira mu karere ka Kamonyi. Yigiye amashuri abanza muri aka karere, naho amashuri yisumbuye ayigira mu kigo kigisha ibijyanye nokwigisha cyitwa Muramba Teachers Training College giherereye ku Gisenyi. Nyuma yo gusoza mashuri yisumbuye yigishije umwaka umwe, nyuma atangira gukora kuri Radio Rwanda, aho yakoze mu kiganiro WARI UZI KO? imyaka isaga 42.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/42067/National/media-fraternity-mourns-victoria-nganyira</ref> Victiria NGANYIRA yabyaye abana barindwi, harimo Louise Victoria NGANYIRA na we waje kuba umunyamakuru<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/louise-victoire-nganyira-wamenyakanye-muri-wari-uziko-yavuze-byinshi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 38b5ze8gqg64uwq7w469h9cqk3qrxxx 0 22359 136846 132592 2026-09-14T13:06:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136846 wikitext text/x-wiki Bwa mbere ku myaka irenga mirongo inani uyu Pst. Madeline Ndayisenga ni umwe mu bagore bagize uruhare mu guhatanira akoreshe imbaraga ze zose mu kugira ngo abashe gusengerwa ajye mu kiciro cy'abashumba b'itorero rya (ADEPR) mu Rwanda. Nkumwe mu bagore ba mbere bahawe inshingano z'ubushumba muri iri torero, taliki ya 9 Ukuboza 2025 mu birori byabereye mu Karere ka Nyamagabe, Umurenge wa Gasaka.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/bwa-mbere-mu-mateka-ya-adepr-yimitse-abapasiteri-b-abagore</ref> '''IMIRIMO YAKOZE''' Mbere y'uko yimitswe agahabwa uburenganzira bwo kuba Umushumba Mukuru, yakunze kugaragara nk'umuvugabutumwa ndetse akaba n'umwe mu bayobozi b'abagore bashyize imbaraga mu bikorwa by'iyobokamana mu mibereho myiza y'abakirisitu.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/bwa-mbere-mu-mateka-ya-adepr-yimitse-abapasiteri-b-abagore</ref> Yabaye umusemburo w'impinduka muri ADEPR, aho yerekanye ko abagore bafite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora amatorero n'amaparuwasi ku rwego rw'Ubushumba. Kandi azwiho gufasha no kwigisha ijambo ry'Imana abakirisito mu buryo bw'umwuka, cyane mu bice by'amajyepfo y'u Rwanda aho akorera mu buzima bwe busanzwe bwa buri munsi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/bwa-mbere-mu-mateka-ya-adepr-yimitse-abapasiteri-b-abagore</ref> Kimwe n'abandi bayobozi bo muri ADEPR, agira uruhare mu bikorwa by'amajyambere n'imibereho myiza no gufasha abadafite ubushobozi binyuze mu muryango w'itorero.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/bwa-mbere-mu-mateka-ya-adepr-yimitse-abapasiteri-b-abagore</ref> == Amashakiro; == 2qyayfs2vljql1wfery7tcjcasc7y3u 0 22367 136922 136043 2026-09-14T13:08:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136922 wikitext text/x-wiki == Mutoni Christine == '''MUTONI CHRISTINE''' ni umukobwa w'umunyarwandakazi, wandika ibitabo. Kuri 25 Werurwe 2026 yamuritse igitabo cye cya mbere cyitwa:" Pride of Tomorrow.", mu kinyarwanda bivuze ngo:" Ishema ry'ejo Hazaza".<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/rwanda/article/hamuritwe-igitabo-cyereka-urubyiruko-ibisabwa-mu-gutegura-ejo-hazaza</ref> 7u9geu3b2w0cph8isphjp66iijudz4h 0 22370 136847 130074 2026-09-14T13:06:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136847 wikitext text/x-wiki == CHARLY == Rulinda charlotte yavutse 1990,wamenyekanye cyane mu itsinda rya Charly na Nina ku izina rya Charly, akaba ari umunyarwandakazi wakoraga umwuga wo kuririmba anyuze mu itsinda rya charly na Nina.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itsinda-rya-charly-na-nina-ryamaze-gutandukana-byeruye</ref><ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/charly-na-nina-the-sterioz-itsinda</ref> == Akazi == Charly yatangiye aririmba ku giti cye gusa aza gucika intege, mu mwaka wa 2011 nibwo yatangiye kugaragara mu baririmbyi bafasha abahanzi, no kubunganira aba bazwi nka '''back up singers'''( bakapu singezi) muri za Primus Guma Guma Superstar<ref name=":0" />. Mu mwaka wa 2014 nibwo yahuye na Nina maze bakora itsinda rya charly na Nina<ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kwa-charly-na-nina-ibintu-bimeze-neza-inkuru-zo-gutandukana-kwabo-zikomoka-he</ref>.Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa 2020 haje kwasaswa inkuru ivuga ko yatandukanye na Nina bityo , gukora umuziki nk'itsinda bikaba bihagaze nyuma yaho Nina yaririmbye mu gitaramo cya EAC iDeserve wenyine.<ref name=":1" /> Gusa nyuma yaho baje kubinyomoza bavuga ko bari baragiye mu karuhuko, ko ibyo gutandukana ari ibihuha.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/charly-na-nina-bahishuye-sosiyete-bari-gukorana-muri-management</ref>Mu mwaka wa 2022 nibwo we na mugenzi we bongeye gusohora indirimbo bise" Lavender", gusa nyuma yaho ntago bongeye kuira indi ndirimbo basohora.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/charly-na-nina-basohoye-indirimbo-nshya-lavender</ref> == INDIRIMBO YASOHOYE == Charlotte yabanje kuba umuririmbyi ku giti cye mu mwaka wa 2012, asohora indirimbo nyinshi zirimo: Ntawe ukuruta, warezwe nande, Uragumana nanjye, Ndabirambiwe n'izindi.<ref name=":0" /> == ABATUNGANYA INDIRIMBO BAKUNZE GUKORANA == Producer Fazzo, Washington, Chris Cheetah, Piano the grooveman.<ref name=":0" /> == Ishakiro == nly1ucsw3d8r9gileuc15ns8ngfcdo7 137127 136847 2026-09-14T13:18:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137127 wikitext text/x-wiki == Charly == Rulinda charlotte yavutse 1990,wamenyekanye cyane mu itsinda rya Charly na Nina ku izina rya Charly, akaba ari umunyarwandakazi wakoraga umwuga wo kuririmba anyuze mu itsinda rya charly na Nina.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itsinda-rya-charly-na-nina-ryamaze-gutandukana-byeruye</ref><ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/charly-na-nina-the-sterioz-itsinda</ref> == Akazi == Charly yatangiye aririmba ku giti cye gusa aza gucika intege, mu mwaka wa 2011 nibwo yatangiye kugaragara mu baririmbyi bafasha abahanzi, no kubunganira aba bazwi nka '''back up singers'''( bakapu singezi) muri za Primus Guma Guma Superstar<ref name=":0" />. Mu mwaka wa 2014 nibwo yahuye na Nina maze bakora itsinda rya charly na Nina<ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kwa-charly-na-nina-ibintu-bimeze-neza-inkuru-zo-gutandukana-kwabo-zikomoka-he</ref>.Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa 2020 haje kwasaswa inkuru ivuga ko yatandukanye na Nina bityo , gukora umuziki nk'itsinda bikaba bihagaze nyuma yaho Nina yaririmbye mu gitaramo cya EAC iDeserve wenyine.<ref name=":1" /> Gusa nyuma yaho baje kubinyomoza bavuga ko bari baragiye mu karuhuko, ko ibyo gutandukana ari ibihuha.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/charly-na-nina-bahishuye-sosiyete-bari-gukorana-muri-management</ref>Mu mwaka wa 2022 nibwo we na mugenzi we bongeye gusohora indirimbo bise" Lavender", gusa nyuma yaho ntago bongeye kuira indi ndirimbo basohora.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/charly-na-nina-basohoye-indirimbo-nshya-lavender</ref> == Indirimbo yasohoye == Charlotte yabanje kuba umuririmbyi ku giti cye mu mwaka wa 2012, asohora indirimbo nyinshi zirimo: Ntawe ukuruta, warezwe nande, Uragumana nanjye, Ndabirambiwe n'izindi.<ref name=":0" /> == Abatunganya indirimbo bakunze gukorana == Producer Fazzo, Washington, Chris Cheetah, Piano the grooveman.<ref name=":0" /> == Ishakiro == di5ziwr7vjtau2a0idpxy8a38lbcbne 0 22375 136923 130070 2026-09-14T13:08:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136923 wikitext text/x-wiki == J-SHA == '''J-Sha''' ni itsinda ry'abakobwa babiri b'impanga bavutse mumwaka wa 2001.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/15178/entertainment/meet-j-sha-the-singing-twins</ref>Aba banyarwadakazi binjiye mu muziki mu mwaka wa 2023. Amazina yabo ni Bukuru Jennifer na Butoyi Shakira.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umwaka-w-abakobwa-abahanzi-bo-guhangwa-amaso-mu-2025</ref> Bakaba bararirimbye mu birori bikomeye byabereye mu gihugu cyacu harimo; CHOGM, Kigali Up, Commonwealth, AU Summit.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-j-sha-itsinda-ryimpanga-rizataramana-nibyamamare-muri-unveil-africa-fest-148732</ref> == Amashuri == Mu mwaka wa 2018 batangiye amashuri yabo yibijyanye n'umuziki mu Ishuri ry'umuziki ry'u Rwanda bayasoza mu mwaka wa 2021.<ref name=":0" /> == Indirimbo zabo == Mabukwe, ikaba ariyo ndirimbo yabo ya mbere basohoye<ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/j-sha-itsinda-ry-abakobwa-b-impanga-ryateguje-album-yabo-ya-mbere</ref> Hobby<ref name=":1" /> Ganza<ref name=":1" /> Ntibizongera, indirimbo yo Kwibuka<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itsinda-j-sha-ryagaragaje-umukoro-w-abavutse-nyuma-ya-jenoside-mu-kubaka-ubumwe</ref> Faya bakoranye na Kenny Sol<ref name=":1" /> Do it bakoranye na Andy Bumuntu.<ref name=":0" /> == Abahanzi bakoranye == Andy Bumuntu<ref name=":0" /> Kenny Sol<ref name=":1" /> == IBITARAMO BITARABIRIYE == Unveil Africa Fest 2024<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-j-sha-itsinda-ryimpanga-rizataramana-nibyamamare-muri-unveil-africa-fest-148732</ref> n98p1b1wr00xkhqahenc6yehr42x122 137111 136923 2026-09-14T13:18:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137111 wikitext text/x-wiki == J-SHA == '''J-Sha''' ni itsinda ry'abakobwa babiri b'impanga bavutse mumwaka wa 2001.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/15178/entertainment/meet-j-sha-the-singing-twins</ref>Aba banyarwadakazi binjiye mu muziki mu mwaka wa 2023. Amazina yabo ni Bukuru Jennifer na Butoyi Shakira.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umwaka-w-abakobwa-abahanzi-bo-guhangwa-amaso-mu-2025</ref> Bakaba bararirimbye mu birori bikomeye byabereye mu gihugu cyacu harimo; CHOGM, Kigali Up, Commonwealth, AU Summit.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-j-sha-itsinda-ryimpanga-rizataramana-nibyamamare-muri-unveil-africa-fest-148732</ref> == Amashuri == Mu mwaka wa 2018 batangiye amashuri yabo yibijyanye n'umuziki mu Ishuri ry'umuziki ry'u Rwanda bayasoza mu mwaka wa 2021.<ref name=":0" /> == Indirimbo zabo == Mabukwe, ikaba ariyo ndirimbo yabo ya mbere basohoye<ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/j-sha-itsinda-ry-abakobwa-b-impanga-ryateguje-album-yabo-ya-mbere</ref> Hobby<ref name=":1" /> Ganza<ref name=":1" /> Ntibizongera, indirimbo yo Kwibuka<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itsinda-j-sha-ryagaragaje-umukoro-w-abavutse-nyuma-ya-jenoside-mu-kubaka-ubumwe</ref> Faya bakoranye na Kenny Sol<ref name=":1" /> Do it bakoranye na Andy Bumuntu.<ref name=":0" /> == Abahanzi bakoranye == Andy Bumuntu<ref name=":0" /> Kenny Sol<ref name=":1" /> == Ibitaramo bitarabiriye == Unveil Africa Fest 2024<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-j-sha-itsinda-ryimpanga-rizataramana-nibyamamare-muri-unveil-africa-fest-148732</ref> 67gat68ma7nkwiqaikmjbappjw7sa8o 0 22411 136805 130013 2026-09-14T13:05:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136805 wikitext text/x-wiki KAYONZA MODERN SECONDARY SCHOOL ni ikigo cy'amashuri yisumbuye giherereye mu karere ka kayonza mu ntara y'iburasirazuba<ref name=":0">https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/schools-directory/boarding-secondary-schools?tx_news_pi1%5BoverwriteDemand%5D%5Bcategories%5D=2662&cHash=225c2b36a0bf0358c6fe5174a9f5f92f</ref> == Ubumenyi Butangwa mu Kigo cya Kayonza Modern Secondary School == Muri iki kigo cya Kayonza modern secondary school hatangirwamo amasomo atandukanye arimo:<ref name=":0" /> amasiyanse n'ubumenyingiro:PCB,PCM,MPC,HEL,MEG NA HGL.Uretse aya masomo batanga,bagiye batwara n'ibihembo bigiye bitandukanye birimo icya AI,ROBOTICS,na COMPUTER SCIENCE(ubumenyingiro).<ref>[https://www.certafoundation.rw/resource/kayonza-modern-high-school-visit#:~:text=On%2022nd%20March%2C%20we%20were%20pleased%20to,in%20the%20rapidly%20advancing%20field%20of%20technology. https://www.certafoundation.rw/resource/kayonza-modern-high-school-visit#:~:text=On%2022nd%20March%2C%20we%20were%20pleased%20to,in%20the%20rapidly%20advancing%20field%20of%20technology.]</ref> == Amashakiro == qcfch94ukjgpxu3ykvkw3rhnnjxg7zj 0 22415 137033 135756 2026-09-14T13:11:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137033 wikitext text/x-wiki MUKASAHAHA DIANE ni umugore w'umunyarwandakazi ufite umugabo umwe n'abana bane(4),yamenyekanye nkumugore windashyikirwa mu Rwana.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=mukasahaha+diane+age+biography&sca_esv=9246bc9b7addcc13&biw=1280&bih=585&sxsrf=ANbL-n4RmJGG4EfHqgrgR7T8UQUT9tpDVg%3A1774541155657&ei=Y1nFaYzpJ7qokdUP9efSkAc&oq=Mukasahaha+diane+age&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiFE11a2FzYWhhaGEgZGlhbmUgYWdlKgIIADIHECMYsAMYJzIKEAAYRxjWBBiwAzIKEAAYRxjWBBiwAzIKEAAYRxjWBBiwA0ieE1AAWABwAXgBkAEAmAEAoAEAqgEAuAEByAEAmAIBoAIKmAMAiAYBkAYEkgcBMaAHALIHALgHAMIHAzMtMcgHCIAIAQ&sclient=gws-wiz-serp</ref> == Amashuri yize == Mukasahaha Diane yize amashuri abanza nayisumbuye, afite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye harimo iya Bachelor muby'ubuforomo,iy'icyiciro cya kabiri(Master's)mubuzima rusange(public healthy)yakuye muri kaminuza ya Manchester,afite kandi na Dipolome mu kwita ku barwayi bageze mubihe bikomeye(palliative care)yakuye mu Bufaransa.<ref>[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/rwanda/article/dutemberane-uruganda-dikam-ltd-rukora-imyenda-ibihumbi-10-ku-munsi#:~:text=Ubu%20rukora%20imyenda%20igera%20ku,n'abandi%20batumizaga%20imyambaro%20hanze%20y'Igihugu. https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/rwanda/article/dutemberane-uruganda-dikam-ltd-rukora-imyenda-ibihumbi-10-ku-munsi#:~:text=Ubu%20rukora%20imyenda%20igera%20ku,n'abandi%20batumizaga%20imyambaro%20hanze%20y'Igihugu.]</ref> == Ibyo yakoze == Mukasahaha Diane niwe Munyarwanda wabashije kugera mu 10 bambere mu marushanwa ya AFRICA'S BUSINESS HEROES ahemba ba rwiyemezamirimo bafite imishinga myiza aho yacyuye ibihumbi 100$(arenga milion 145 Rwf).Yashinze aba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa sosiyete ya DIKAM Ltd,uruganda rukora imyenda rwibanda kuguteza imbere abagore n'urubyiruko.Yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo guhindura umwuga we yarafite mubuzima rusange akinjira mu nganda.<ref>[https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/rwanda/article/dutemberane-uruganda-dikam-ltd-rukora-imyenda-ibihumbi-10-ku-munsi#:~:text=Ubu%20rukora%20imyenda%20igera%20ku,n'abandi%20batumizaga%20imyambaro%20hanze%20y'Igihugu. https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/rwanda/article/dutemberane-uruganda-dikam-ltd-rukora-imyenda-ibihumbi-10-ku-munsi#:~:text=Ubu%20rukora%20imyenda%20igera%20ku,n'abandi%20batumizaga%20imyambaro%20hanze%20y'Igihugu.]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 729q9c7kkw7oyeaait6jixr0zaoq0yq 0 22456 136886 135508 2026-09-14T13:07:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136886 wikitext text/x-wiki Alice Lambert RUTAYISIRE wamenyekanye ku izina rya Rlutta uririmba injyana ya Afrobeat ni umuhanzikazi w'umunyarwanda ukizamuka wavutse mu mwaka wa 2000.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-10-bashya-bo-guhangwa-amaso-mu-2026</ref>Rlutta yavukiye kandi akurira mu gihugu cy'abaturanyi cya Tanzaniya, yaje mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2013, ubwo yari afite myaka 13 y'amavuko.<ref name=":1">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ibyurukundo-rwe-rutarambye-no-kuziba-icyuho-cyabakobwa-byinshi-ku-muhanzikazi-rlutta-video-142353</ref> == Indirimbo ze == Rlutta amaze gukora ibihangano bigiye bitandukanye harimo n'indirimbo z'uruhererekane zikunzwe kwita Extended Play(EP)mu ndimi z'amahanga<ref name=":1" />.Mu ndirimbo yakoze harimo: Umeze bon<ref name=":0" />, A moment of silence, Don't bother me, Hold my hands, n'izindi.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashuri == Amashuri abanza yayigiye mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya, naho amashuri yisumbuye yize Ubugenge, Ubutabire n'ubumenyamuntu, ibi twita Physics, Chemistry and Biology(PCB). Muri Kaminuza yize ibijyanye na Mudasobwa(Computer).Amashuri ya Kaminuza yayasoje 2023.<ref name=":1" /> == Label == Rlutta ubu abarizwa muri label yitwa Info Atassi Music.<ref name=":1" /> == Abahanzi bakoranye == Logan Joe, Angell Mutoni, thedicekid, The Rabbeatz, MaestroBoomin.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} abl59zmse9zxoevuoid0q9y9jdkqfr9 0 22457 136956 135808 2026-09-14T13:09:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136956 wikitext text/x-wiki GIRAMATA Jeanne d'Arc wamenyekanye nka ''Giramata'' ni umuhanzikazi w'umunyarwanda uririmba indirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana. Giramata yavutse mu mwaka wa 2004.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-10-bashya-bo-guhangwa-amaso-mu-2026</ref> == Akazi == Giramata yatangiye kuririmba kera akiri umwana muri za Korari zitandukanye.<ref name=":1">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/giramata-wasubiyemo-indirimbo-zabarimo-aline-serge-na-mbonyi-yatangaje-imishinga-afite-ana-110548#google_vignette</ref>Mu mwaka wa 2021 nibwo yatangiye umuziki, atangira asubiramo indirimbo z;abandi bahanzi , nyuma aza no gusohora indirimbo. Harimo Amahirwe ya kabiri <ref name=":0" />, Amarira ndira<ref name=":2">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/giramata-yasohoye-indirimbo-amarira-ndira-ihumuriza-abarokotse-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi--116238</ref>irimo ubutumwa buhumuriza abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994<ref name=":2" /> == Abahanzi akunda == Giramata akunda cyane Vestina na Dorcas, Tasha Kobbs na Ada Ehi.<ref name=":1" /> == Amarushanwa == Mu mwaka wa 2022 yitabiriye irushanwa rya Gospel Talent Hunt ryateguwe na Rise and Shine World Ministries.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/abanyempano-6-muri-benshi-bitabiriye-irushanwa-rya-gospel-talent-hunt-ryateguwe-na-rise-an-116400</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} tiwtgewje1b4f0pfgruho6ikqyp61st 0 22459 136887 135442 2026-09-14T13:07:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136887 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwineza Kelly wamamaye ku izina rya Kelly Madla mu itsina rya Machenzies ni umunyarwandakazi wa rwiyemezamirimo ukora ibijyanye n'ubwiza n'imideli binyuze mu nzu yabo nka machenzie yitwa ''Zoi''<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/imitima-ya-zahavu-miss-nishimwe-naomie-nabavandimwe-be-banyuze-ababakurikira-mu-makanzu-me-119800#google_vignette</ref>, akaba anakora ibiganiro bizwi nka Podcast kuri Youtube. == Amashuri == Mu mwaka wa 2024 yasoje amashuri ye ya Kaminuza muri African Leadership University(ALU) , aho yize ibijyanye n'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga [International Business& Trade]. <ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/kelly-madla-wo-muri-makenzie-mu-bahawe-impamyabumenyi-ya-kaminuza-mu-muhango-witabiriwe-na-143793</ref> == Umuryango == Kelly Madla ubarizwa mu itsinda rya Machenzi ni Nyirasenge wa Miss Naomie Nishumwe, Nyampinga w'u rwanda 2020. <ref name=":0" />Mu mwaka wa 2023 yashakanye na Lt David Nsengiyumva. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} bwkx3uyhtnn1tra3nv6py45b1gdu8ma 0 22460 137067 135054 2026-09-14T13:12:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137067 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Alice Diane Uwimana'' wamenyekanye ku izina rya '''Audia Intore''' ni umuhanzikazi w'umunyarwanda uririmba mu njyana ya Gakondo.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/umunyamakuru-the-cyiza-na-audio-intore-wamamaye-muri-gakondo-bagiye-kurushinga-151922</ref>Yavutse 05 Gahyantare 1992.<ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/node/33957</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ku itariki ya 05 Gahyantare 2025 Cyiza Kelly yamusabye ko bazabana maze arabyemera.<ref name=":0" />Kuri 26 Nyakanga 2025 basezerana kubana akaramata.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-audia-intore-yarongowe-amafoto</ref> == Akazi == Mu mwaka 2012 nibwo Audia Intore yatangiye gusubiramo indirimbo z'abandi bahanzi baririmba indirimbo za kinyarwanda, nyuma aza no gusohora ize.<ref name=":1">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/audia-intore-mu-ndirimbo-nshya-yaririmbye-ku-mbaraga-zurukundo-yumve-95488</ref> == Indirimbo ze == Mu mwaka wa 2023 ku itariki ya 08 Werurwe yasohoye Album ye ya mbere yise 'Uri Mwiza Mama'Yari igizwe n'indirimbo 10 nka Bwari bwije,Ndinda, Urungano,Akwiye ikamba yakunzwe cyane n'izindi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/audia-intore-yazirikanye-mama-we-na-jay-polly-batakiriho-akomoza-kuri-bushali-video-140492</ref> Audia Intore yamamaye mu ndirimbo ye yise 'Sine ya Mwiza".<ref name=":0" />Izindi ndirimbo ze harimo :" Umutoni, Araje,Uri mwiza, Simbi ryanjye, Rwangabo, Bisangwa, <ref name=":2">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/bamuhetse-mu-ngobyi-audia-intore-yamuritse-album-aha-impano-ababyeyi-bataramye-u-rwanda-am-126849</ref>Imbaraga z'urukundo, Umugozi umwe<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/audia-intore-yaririmbye-ubutwari-bwa-rwangabo-wamunyuze-video-102221</ref>n'izindi." == Ibitaramo yaririmbyemo == Audia Intore yaririmbye mu bitamo byinshi cayne , bimwe muri byo ni : Umurage nyawo Kamaliza Concert, Iwacu Concert, Gakondo Accoustic Gala, Rwanda Connect Gala, Smart Service Awards ndetse n'ibindi byinshi.<ref name=":1" /> == Abahanzi bakoranye == Yakoranye na Bill Ruzima indirimbo yitwa Simbi ryanjye.<ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} b7b06pajiqy39aefxta85yu2g2a3npe 0 22473 136991 130143 2026-09-14T13:10:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136991 wikitext text/x-wiki Ingabire Muziga Mamy ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyamwuga mubijyanye no kuzamura ikoranabuhanga akoresheje Drone ndetse afite ubushobozi n'ubunararibonye buhambaye mugutegura no gucunga imishinga na gahunda zigamije kuzamura imibereho y'abantu no guhindura ejo hazaza habo.Azwi kandi nk'umuyobozi mukuru (Managing Director),Charis Animanned Aerial Solution Rwanda.<ref name=":0">https://www.afgoesdigital.com/mamy-muziga-ingabire-we-came-up-with-demand-led-solutions-for-using-drones/</ref> == Amashuri yize == Uyu munyarwandakazi uzwi ku mazina ya Ingabire Muziga Mamy yize amashuri abanza ndetse nayisumbuye.Yakomeje kwiga aho afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza (Barchelor's Degree) mu bumenyingiro bw'ubuzima (Applied Life Sciences),yibanze kuri Biotekinoroji(Biotechnology)aho yayikuye muri Midland i Johannesburg, muri Africa y'Epfo. Yanize kandi amasomo ajyanye n'imicungire y'imishinga(Project Management) ndetse niyoboramutungo n'imiyoborere(Leadership management) ikorerwa kuri murandasi.<ref>https://www.wef.org.in/ingabire-muziga-mamy/</ref> == AKAZI AKORA(IMIRIMO AKORA) == Ingabire Muziga Mamy akorana n'imiryango itandukanye nka CTA n'imiryango mpuzamahanga itari iya Leta(NGOs),mugufasha abahinzi bato kongera umusaruro wabo.Service za Drone zishingiye mugukusanya amakuru,kugirango bahe abahinzi amakuru bakeneye.Ahuza ubumenyi,ikoranabuhanga n'ubuyobozi,Ni umutoza n'umujyanama,ateza impinduka nziza abinyujije mudushya.Ayobora ibigo bikurikira:<ref name=":0" /> 1.UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Indege itagira umu pilote arizo Drone.<ref>https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122332/records/6474b085f2e6fe92b3634d1a</ref> 2.CTA(Technical Centre for Agriculture and rural cooperation ni ikigo gishinzwe ubuhinzi n'iterambere ry'icyaro.<ref>https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122332/records/6474b085f2e6fe92b3634d1a</ref> == Amashakiro == 4bit21wivhhkzaonjf25yim4rhr2uko 137112 136991 2026-09-14T13:18:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137112 wikitext text/x-wiki Ingabire Muziga Mamy ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyamwuga mubijyanye no kuzamura ikoranabuhanga akoresheje Drone ndetse afite ubushobozi n'ubunararibonye buhambaye mugutegura no gucunga imishinga na gahunda zigamije kuzamura imibereho y'abantu no guhindura ejo hazaza habo.Azwi kandi nk'umuyobozi mukuru (Managing Director),Charis Animanned Aerial Solution Rwanda.<ref name=":0">https://www.afgoesdigital.com/mamy-muziga-ingabire-we-came-up-with-demand-led-solutions-for-using-drones/</ref> == Amashuri yize == Uyu munyarwandakazi uzwi ku mazina ya Ingabire Muziga Mamy yize amashuri abanza ndetse nayisumbuye.Yakomeje kwiga aho afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza (Barchelor's Degree) mu bumenyingiro bw'ubuzima (Applied Life Sciences),yibanze kuri Biotekinoroji(Biotechnology)aho yayikuye muri Midland i Johannesburg, muri Africa y'Epfo. Yanize kandi amasomo ajyanye n'imicungire y'imishinga(Project Management) ndetse niyoboramutungo n'imiyoborere(Leadership management) ikorerwa kuri murandasi.<ref>https://www.wef.org.in/ingabire-muziga-mamy/</ref> == Akazi akora(imirimo akora) == Ingabire Muziga Mamy akorana n'imiryango itandukanye nka CTA n'imiryango mpuzamahanga itari iya Leta(NGOs),mugufasha abahinzi bato kongera umusaruro wabo.Service za Drone zishingiye mugukusanya amakuru,kugirango bahe abahinzi amakuru bakeneye.Ahuza ubumenyi,ikoranabuhanga n'ubuyobozi,Ni umutoza n'umujyanama,ateza impinduka nziza abinyujije mudushya.Ayobora ibigo bikurikira:<ref name=":0" /> 1.UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Indege itagira umu pilote arizo Drone.<ref>https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122332/records/6474b085f2e6fe92b3634d1a</ref> 2.CTA(Technical Centre for Agriculture and rural cooperation ni ikigo gishinzwe ubuhinzi n'iterambere ry'icyaro.<ref>https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122332/records/6474b085f2e6fe92b3634d1a</ref> == Amashakiro == ahjfrzvn3rk4q9khhj55sqysotuh8r9 0 22474 137034 135324 2026-09-14T13:11:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137034 wikitext text/x-wiki Namahirwe Immaculee ni umunyarwandakazi ukora ibikorwa byindashyikirwa mu gihugu harimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku binyabuzima(biodiversity),kwigisha abaturage ibijyanye n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere no gukora ibijyanye no gutangaza amakuru(content creation),yamenyekanye kandi ubwo yitabiraga ibikorwa mpuzamahanga bitandukanye harimo Swiss-Africa Exchange Program 2025 yabereye muri Lucerne Univeristy of Applied Scienceas Arts,yibanda kuri hydrogen itangiza ibidukikije(green hydrogen)n'ingufu zirambye,niwe washinze ikigo cyitwa FROMGREEN Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenextafrica.com/fromgreen-rwanda-sets-new-standard-for-socio-environmental-impact/#:~:text=Immaculee%20joined%20The%20Restoration%20Factory,a%20simple%20act%20of%20hope. |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-03 |archive-date=2026-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429022303/https://thenextafrica.com/fromgreen-rwanda-sets-new-standard-for-socio-environmental-impact/#:~:text=Immaculee%20joined%20The%20Restoration%20Factory,a%20simple%20act%20of%20hope. |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri yize == Namahirwe Immaculee yize amashuri abanza nayisumbuye akomeza muri kaminuza ya African Leadership university(ALU) Barchelor in Entrepreneur Leadreship,Alx-Africa in Barchelor's degree in computer software engineering.<ref>https://rocketreach.co/immaculee-namahirwe-email_733819001</ref> == Ibihembo yahawe == M'ugushyingo 2025,FROMGREEN Rwanda yatsindiye igihembo cya Best Social Environmental Impact Project muri gahunda ya Restoration Factory Program.Muri 2026 yatoranijwe mubahatanira igihembo cya Queen of Green mu birori bya Women in Leadership Summit&Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenextafrica.com/fromgreen-rwanda-sets-new-standard-for-socio-environmental-impact/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-03 |archive-date=2026-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429022303/https://thenextafrica.com/fromgreen-rwanda-sets-new-standard-for-socio-environmental-impact/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibyo akora == Namahirwe Immaculee yahinze ikigo cyitwa FROMGREEN Rwanda igamije gufasha abaturage batishoboye cyane cyane abagore barera abana bonyine bo mu byaro byumwihariko mu karere ka Musanze binyuze mu buhinzi burambye.Nanone kandi yazanye umushinga witwa igiti kimwe cya Avoka kuri buri muryango(One avocado per family) aho uyu mushinga ugamije gutanga ingemwe z'ibiti za Avoka byatewe mu buryo bugezweho ku miryango,hagamijwe gusubiranya ubutaka bwangiritse,kongera imirire myiza mungo no kubafasha kubona amafaranga.<ref>https://www.goodwall.io/immacule%C3%A9-namahirwe-773d#work_education</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} qabgmuvjth8epzl04o6p7lwquricxfq 0 22477 137068 130249 2026-09-14T13:12:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137068 wikitext text/x-wiki == DJ Flixx == ''Ishimwe Cyomoro Fanny'' uzwi ku izina rya ''Dj Flixx''<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/en/news/top-female-djs-in-kigali-revolutionizing-rwandas-music-scene-1749480530920</ref> wamenyekanye mu kuvanga imiziki mu Rwanda, ni umukobwa w'umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu karere ka Nyagatare, mu ntara y'iburasirazuba y'u Rwanda.<ref name=":0">Si umwuga w’uburaya! Impanuro za DJ Flix ku bifuza kujya mu mwuga wo kuvanga imiziki</ref> == Ibitaramo yakozemo == Dj Flixx yakoze ku bitaramo bitandukanye harimo: The New year Groove cya 2025<ref name=":0" />, ndtese na Album Launch ya The ben muri Uganda yitwa Plenty Love mu mwaka wa 2025.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/the-ben-aherekejwe-na-kevin-kade-na-dj-flix-bageze-i-kampala-amafoto</ref> == Ishakiro == ss032fwbfeee4ab4g6jr2g1my91ipgn 0 22478 136924 130250 2026-09-14T13:08:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136924 wikitext text/x-wiki == Yvonne Kayitesi == ''Yvonne Kayitesi'' wamenyekane ku izina rya ''Tessy'' ni umunyamakurukazi w'umunyarwandakazi.Yakoranye n'ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye harimo Isango star,akaba afite ikiganiro anyuza kuri Youtube channel yitwa 'This and That' anyuza kuri youtube hamwe na mugenzi we Blandy star.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/tessy-uvugwa-mu-rukundo-na-shizzo-yashyize-umucyo-ku-itandukana-rye-na-blandy</ref> == Umuryango == Kuri 10 Mutarama 2026 nibwo Tessy yasabwe, arakobwa ndetse asezerana na Hakizimana Ishimwe Agappe w'umuraperi uzwi ku izina rya Shizzo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/umuraperi-shizzo-yasabye-anakwa-umunyamakuru-tessy-video-1768048113662</ref> == Ishakiro == eq8gwvluw9ii0sptqwd5uekw7qnge8c 0 22479 136806 133312 2026-09-14T13:05:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136806 wikitext text/x-wiki == BLANDY STAR == ''Uwase Blandine'' wamenyekanye ku izina rya ''Blandy Star'' ni umunyamakauru w'umunyarwandakazi ukora kuri Radio &Tv10, ndetse akaba afite ikiganiro cyitwa 'this and That anyuza kuri youtube channel nayo yitwa gutyo, aho akorana na mugenzi we Tessy.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/tessy-uvugwa-mu-rukundo-na-shizzo-yashyize-umucyo-ku-itandukana-rye-na-blandy</ref> == Amashakiro == tuld47fedx0svmwr42fz0tyekn0ol4h 137128 136806 2026-09-14T13:18:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137128 wikitext text/x-wiki == Blandy Star == ''Uwase Blandine'' wamenyekanye ku izina rya ''Blandy Star'' ni umunyamakauru w'umunyarwandakazi ukora kuri Radio &Tv10, ndetse akaba afite ikiganiro cyitwa 'this and That anyuza kuri youtube channel nayo yitwa gutyo, aho akorana na mugenzi we Tessy.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/tessy-uvugwa-mu-rukundo-na-shizzo-yashyize-umucyo-ku-itandukana-rye-na-blandy</ref> == Amashakiro == jv627722bm3zo6918zp6ckfqsjty19y 0 22481 137035 135207 2026-09-14T13:11:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137035 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kayirebwa Marie Paul == ''Miss Kayirebwa Marie Paul'' ni umukobwa w'umunyarwandakazi witabiriye irushanwa rya Nyampinga w'u Rwanda 2021, aho yatwaye ikamba ry'umukobwa wakunzwe n'abaturage Miss Popularity 2021.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/kayirebwa-marie-paul-wabaye-miss-popularity-2021-yatangaje-ko-atazongera-kwifashishwa-mu-m-104259</ref> == Indirimbo == Miss Marie Paul yagiye yifashishwa mu ndirimbo nyinshi zitandukanye harimo: Solo ya Nel Ngabo, We don't care ya Rj the Dj, Meddy na Rayvanny, Ikinyafu ya Bruce melodie na Kenny sol,na Niko Yaje ya Chriss Hart.<ref name=":0" /> == Miss Rwanda == Mu mwaka wa 2018 nibwo bwa mbere yitabiriye irushanwa rya Nyampinga w'u rwanda gusa avamo mu majonjora. Yaje kugaruka mu mwaka wa 2021 aho yaje kuba Miss Popularity 2021.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/miss-kayirebwa-marie-paul-yasubije-abakomeje-kuvuga-ko-ikamba-rya-miss</ref> == Akazi == Mu mwaka wa 2021 Miss Kayirebwa Marie Paul yabaye Brand Ambassador wa MTN Rwanda mu gihe kingana n'umwaka.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/mtn-yahaye-ikaze-miss-kayirebwa-marie-paul-watsindiye-kuba-brand-ambassador-wayo-amafoto-104868</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ce7ir03jbho4l11rjmkc617tb5zrdvb 0 22484 136773 134051 2026-09-14T13:05:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136773 wikitext text/x-wiki == INGABIRE YVONNE == ''Ingabire Yvonne'' ni umunyamakuru w'umunyarwandakazi ukorera Rwanda Broadcasting Agency(RBA), ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe gutangaza amakuru mu Rwanda. Yvonne azwi cyane mu biganiro bya radiyo na Televiziyo, cyane cyane kuri Radio Rwanda na Televiziyo y'u Rwanda(RTV).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/impeshyi-nawe-ntimusiga-akiryama-wenyine-umunyamakuru-wa-rba-ingabire-yvonne-yakorewe-ibirori-byo-gusezera-ubukumi-bridal-shower-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-10 |archive-date=2025-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425015346/https://yegob.rw/impeshyi-nawe-ntimusiga-akiryama-wenyine-umunyamakuru-wa-rba-ingabire-yvonne-yakorewe-ibirori-byo-gusezera-ubukumi-bridal-shower-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ku italiki ya 5 Kanama 2023 yashakanye na ''Nkubito Egide.''<ref name=":0" /> == IBIGANIRO == Yakoze kandi akora ibiganiro bitandukanye birimo: Waramutse Rwanda<ref>https://yegob.rw/mu-mafoto-yindobanure-ahogoza-benshi-ihere-ijisho-uburanga-bwumunyamakuru-ingabire-yvonne-wagize-isabukuru-yamavuko-amafoto/</ref>, Umuti, Amahumbezi, ndetse n'ibindi.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro; == 98ey8tidtxlvek3nx0j5j1iop1ntqq1 137129 136773 2026-09-14T13:18:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137129 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ingabire Yvonne == ''Ingabire Yvonne'' ni umunyamakuru w'umunyarwandakazi ukorera Rwanda Broadcasting Agency(RBA), ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe gutangaza amakuru mu Rwanda. Yvonne azwi cyane mu biganiro bya radiyo na Televiziyo, cyane cyane kuri Radio Rwanda na Televiziyo y'u Rwanda(RTV).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/impeshyi-nawe-ntimusiga-akiryama-wenyine-umunyamakuru-wa-rba-ingabire-yvonne-yakorewe-ibirori-byo-gusezera-ubukumi-bridal-shower-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-10 |archive-date=2025-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425015346/https://yegob.rw/impeshyi-nawe-ntimusiga-akiryama-wenyine-umunyamakuru-wa-rba-ingabire-yvonne-yakorewe-ibirori-byo-gusezera-ubukumi-bridal-shower-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ku italiki ya 5 Kanama 2023 yashakanye na ''Nkubito Egide.''<ref name=":0" /> == Ibiganiro == Yakoze kandi akora ibiganiro bitandukanye birimo: Waramutse Rwanda<ref>https://yegob.rw/mu-mafoto-yindobanure-ahogoza-benshi-ihere-ijisho-uburanga-bwumunyamakuru-ingabire-yvonne-wagize-isabukuru-yamavuko-amafoto/</ref>, Umuti, Amahumbezi, ndetse n'ibindi.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro; == r0jpo3hewuztmwix1o5yvigqpk5jiq8 0 22487 137036 135690 2026-09-14T13:11:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137036 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dr Francoise MUKAGAJU == Dr Francoise Mukagaju ni umuganga w'umunyarwanda w'inzobere mu kubaga no gusana imyanya y'umubiri (plastic and reconstructive surgery). Azwi nko kuba ari we mugore wa mbere wabaye umu plastic surgeon mu Rwanda, akaba ari umwe mu bagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ubu buvuzi mu gihugu.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/5110/news/women/rwandas-top-5-female-surgeons</ref> == Amashuri == Dr Mukagaju yatangiye yiga ubuvuzi rusange (general medecine) muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda. Nyuma yaje gukomeza mu mahugurwa yihariye ya Plastic surgery, binyuze mu bufatanye bwa University of Rwanda na Operation Smile.<ref name=":1">[https://www.operationsmile.org/where-we-work/africa/?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.operationsmile.org/where-we-work/africa/]</ref> Icyo gihe yahakuye ubumenyi n'ubunararibonye bwo ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bituma aba umwe mu baganga ba mbere batojwe neza muru uru rwego mu Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Dr Mukagaju akora nka Plastic Surgeon mu Rwanda , akorera cyane cyane mu bitaro bikomeye byitiriwe umwami Fayisari (King Faisal Hospital Rwanda).<ref name=":0" /> Bimwe mubyo akora harimo: Kubaga no gusana imyanya yangiritse (reconstructive surgery), Kuvura abana bafite ibibazo by'ibibari( Cleft Lip and Palate), ndetse kandi akanagaragara mu bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga ku bijyanye no kubaga no gusana imyanya y'umubiri.<ref name=":1" /> == Uruhare mpuzamahanga == Dr Mukagaju akorana n'imiryango mpuzamahanga mu bikorwa byo gutoza abaganga bashya, guteza imbere ubuvuzi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, gutanga ubuvuzi ku bantu badafite ubushobozi. Akaba afite uruhare mu ishingwa nrya Operation Smile, ifasha abana bafite ibibazo byo mu maso.<ref>[https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/2023/10000/building_sustainable_reconstructive_microsurgery.28.aspx?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/2023/10000/building_sustainable_reconstructive_microsurgery.28.aspx]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 9uls3ydv1octem3b4666zo178fd225y 0 22489 136957 130293 2026-09-14T13:09:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136957 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dr Grace KANSAYISA == ''Dr Kansayisa Grace'' ni umuganga w'inzobere mu kubaga amagufwa n'ingingo( Orthopedic Surgeon) mu Rwanda. Niwe mugore wa mbere mu Rwanda winjiye mu mwuga wo kubaga amagufwa, akaba n'umwarimu muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda mu ishuri ry'ubuvuzi n'ubuzima( CMHS).<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/5110/news/women/rwandas-top-5-female-surgeons</ref> == Amashuri == Dr Kansayisa yize amashuri yisumbuye muri Lycee Notre Dame de Citeaux aho yize imibare n'ubugenge, yiga ubuvuzi rusange muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/agaseke-ka-weekend/munyakazi/article/dr-kansayisa-umuganga-w-inzobere-watinyuye-abakobwa-ubuvuzi-bwo-kubaga-amagufa</ref> Aza gukomeza amasomo mu bijyanye no kubaga (surgery) , aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza ( Masters of Medecine in Orthopedic Surgery) mu mwaka wa 2021 muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro( Fellowship) binyuze mu muryango wa COSESCA ( College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa), ari nawo uhuza ababaga b'inzobere mu burasirazuba, hagati n'amajyepfo ya Afurika muri 2020.<ref name=":0" />Mu mwaka 2024 yagiye kwiga kurushaho kubaga ikirenge n'akagombambari (orthopedic foot and ankle surgery) mu gihugu cya Singapore, akarangiza mu mwaka wa 2026.<ref name=":1" /> == AKAZI N'INSHINGANO == * Dr Kansayisa akorera mu bitaro bikuru bya kaminuza bya Kigali (CHUK): Ahakora nk'umubazi w'inzobere akaba n'umwarimu wigisha abanyeshuri barimo kwihugura mu kubaga amagufwa. <ref name=":1" /> * Dr Kansayisa kandi ni umwarimu (Senior Lecturer) muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marie-Grace-Kansayisa</ref> == UBUSHAKASHATSI N'INZOBERE == Dr Kansayisa yibanda cyane mu bijyanye no kubaga amagufwa y'abana (pediatric Orthopaedics). Azwiho ubumenyi abana bafite ibibazo by'imivukire nk'amaguru agobye (club foot) n'izindi mvune zikomeye.<ref name=":1" /> Yagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi butandukanye bwagiye butangazwa mu binyamakuru by'ubuvuzi, bwibanda ku bibazo by'amagufwa n'uburyo bwo kunoza serivisi z'ububazi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.<ref name=":1" /> == Ishakiro == g92gb4gdciwutjzmx8snf3w6xf5xe54 137113 136957 2026-09-14T13:18:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137113 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dr Grace KANSAYISA == ''Dr Kansayisa Grace'' ni umuganga w'inzobere mu kubaga amagufwa n'ingingo( Orthopedic Surgeon) mu Rwanda. Niwe mugore wa mbere mu Rwanda winjiye mu mwuga wo kubaga amagufwa, akaba n'umwarimu muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda mu ishuri ry'ubuvuzi n'ubuzima( CMHS).<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/5110/news/women/rwandas-top-5-female-surgeons</ref> == Amashuri == Dr Kansayisa yize amashuri yisumbuye muri Lycee Notre Dame de Citeaux aho yize imibare n'ubugenge, yiga ubuvuzi rusange muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/agaseke-ka-weekend/munyakazi/article/dr-kansayisa-umuganga-w-inzobere-watinyuye-abakobwa-ubuvuzi-bwo-kubaga-amagufa</ref> Aza gukomeza amasomo mu bijyanye no kubaga (surgery) , aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza ( Masters of Medecine in Orthopedic Surgery) mu mwaka wa 2021 muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro( Fellowship) binyuze mu muryango wa COSESCA ( College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa), ari nawo uhuza ababaga b'inzobere mu burasirazuba, hagati n'amajyepfo ya Afurika muri 2020.<ref name=":0" />Mu mwaka 2024 yagiye kwiga kurushaho kubaga ikirenge n'akagombambari (orthopedic foot and ankle surgery) mu gihugu cya Singapore, akarangiza mu mwaka wa 2026.<ref name=":1" /> == Akazi n'inshingano == * Dr Kansayisa akorera mu bitaro bikuru bya kaminuza bya Kigali (CHUK): Ahakora nk'umubazi w'inzobere akaba n'umwarimu wigisha abanyeshuri barimo kwihugura mu kubaga amagufwa. <ref name=":1" /> * Dr Kansayisa kandi ni umwarimu (Senior Lecturer) muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marie-Grace-Kansayisa</ref> == Ubushakashatsi n'inzobere == Dr Kansayisa yibanda cyane mu bijyanye no kubaga amagufwa y'abana (pediatric Orthopaedics). Azwiho ubumenyi abana bafite ibibazo by'imivukire nk'amaguru agobye (club foot) n'izindi mvune zikomeye.<ref name=":1" /> Yagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi butandukanye bwagiye butangazwa mu binyamakuru by'ubuvuzi, bwibanda ku bibazo by'amagufwa n'uburyo bwo kunoza serivisi z'ububazi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.<ref name=":1" /> == Ishakiro == sb1t3uhk287cb3kvk38e96msyuectmo 0 22493 136992 130528 2026-09-14T13:10:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136992 wikitext text/x-wiki Lt Col Stella Uwineza ni umunyarwandakazi w'imyaka 42, n'umubyeyi ufite abana batatu(3) ari mubakora akazi ko kurinda umutekano w'igihugu cy'u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2002.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Ibyo akora == Lt Col Stella Uwineza mu 2020 yari afite ipeti rya Major,ubu yahawe ipeti rya Colonel.Yakoze inshingano ze za Gisirikare mu bice bitandukanye aho mu 2020 yoherejwe mu butumwa bw'amahoro muri Sudan y'Epfo.Icyo gihe yari inshuro ya kabiri ajya muri ubu butumwa,nyuma yo kuva muri i Darful muri Sudan hagati ya 2020 na 2021.Nubwo yagombaga gusoza ubutumwa bwe bw'umwaka muri Werurwe icyorezo cya Coronavirus cyatumye agumayo.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Ibihembo yahawe == Lt Col Stella Uwineza ni umwe mubagize Rwanda Air Force,aho yakoze amateka agashimirwa nk'umwe mu bagore barindwi bambere bageze ku Ipeti rya Koloneli,bazamuwe bavuye ku ipeti rya Liyetona Coloneli kuwa 19 Ukuboza 2023.<ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/15107/news/women/col-stella-uwineza-on-what-inspired-her-to-join-rdf#:~:text=Col%20Stella%20Uwineza%20gives%20a,Women's%20Day%2C%20on%20March%208. https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/15107/news/women/col-stella-uwineza-on-what-inspired-her-to-join-rdf#:~:text=Col%20Stella%20Uwineza%20gives%20a,Women's%20Day%2C%20on%20March%208.]</ref> == Amashakiro == 2acpf9dffq0lsm7bp346disikq5btgl 0 22494 136925 133089 2026-09-14T13:08:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136925 wikitext text/x-wiki == Gahamanyi Bibiane Mbaye == Honorable Gahamanyi Bibiane Mbaye ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse 02/12/1957. Ni umusenateri mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda, kuva muri Nzeri 2024, aho ari muba senateri bane(4) bashyizweho na Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika Paul KAGAME.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-15 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111084408/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Honorable Bibiane akaba afite ubwenegihugu bburi ubw'u Rwanda n'ubwa Senegal.<ref name=":0">[https://www.ktpress.rw/2024/09/president-kagame-appoints-four-senators/?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.ktpress.rw/2024/09/president-kagame-appoints-four-senators/]</ref> == Akazi == Honorable Gahamanyi Bibiane Mbaye azwi mu guharanira burenganzira bwa muntu( human rights advocates). Akaba yarakoze mu bijyanye n'uburenganzira bwa muntu mpuzamahanga, Uburinganire, ubuzima bw'imyororokere n'uburenganzira bwabwo,ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n'iterambere.<ref name=":1">[https://southfeministfutures.org/staff-members/bibiane-mbaye-gahamanyi/?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://southfeministfutures.org/staff-members/bibiane-mbaye-gahamanyi/]</ref> Hon. Gahamanyi Bibibane Mbaye yakoze mu myanya ikomeye mu miryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye irimo:"International Planned Parenthood Federation( IPPF), Oxfam GB, Action Aid International , African Centre for Democaracy and Human Rights Studies," Yanakoranye n'imiryango ya Afurika nka:"ENDA( Environment and Developmant Africa), UAPS( Union for African Population Studies)."<ref name=":1" /> == Ibihugu yakoreyemo == Hon. Gahamanyi Bibiane Mbaye yakoze mu bihugu bitandukanye harimo Gambia( Banjul), Kenya( Nairobi), na Senegal( Dakar).<ref name=":1" /> == Indimi == Hon. Gahamanyi Bibiane Mbaye azi neza indimi 4: Ikinyarwanda, icyongereza, igifaransa,n'igiswahili.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == ---- b8f6ix01bmpdes7oow3t55mxfl59nsk 0 22495 136848 135029 2026-09-14T13:06:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136848 wikitext text/x-wiki == Uwimbabazi Penine == * Honorable Uwimbabazi Penine ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse 24 Kanama 1970. Ni umusenateri ku va Nzeri 2024, mu Nteko Inshinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda; akaba yaratorewe guhagararira amashuru makuru yigenga( Private Higher Learning Institutions).<ref>[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1]</ref> == Amashuri == Hon. Penine yize muri Kaminuza ya KwaZulu-Natal muri Afuria y'Epfo ahakura impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga PhD muri Policy and Development studies.<ref name=":0">[https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/culture-and-art/who-is-prof-uwimbabazi-the-sole-senatorial-candidate-for-private-varsities?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/culture-and-art/who-is-prof-uwimbabazi-the-sole-senatorial-candidate-for-private-varsities?]</ref> == Akazi == Hon. Penine afite uburambe b'imyaka 15 mu kwigisha muri za Kaminuza.<ref name=":0" /> Yakoze n'indi mirimo itandukanye harimo kuba: * Umuyoboyi w'ungirije wa chancellor Protestant Institute of Arts and Social Sciences( PIASS)<ref name=":0" /> * Umuyobozi w'ungirije Vice Chancellor w'amasomo n'ubushakashatsi (Academic and Research)<ref name=":1">[https://firenetwork.org/prof-penine-uwimbabazi-1?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://firenetwork.org/prof-penine-uwimbabazi-1?]</ref> * Umuyobozi ushinzwe igenzura ry'ubuziranenge.(Deputy of Quality Assurance).<ref name=":1" /> ----Muri Sena Hon. Penina ni umwe mu bagize Konisiyo y'ubukungu n'imari; akaba na Perezida w'umuryango EAC Academic nad Research Network(EACAENRI). Ni umutoza <ref name=":0" />: * Gahunda y'ubundi buryo bwo gukemura amakimbirane butari urugomo( Alternative to Violence Program-AVP) * Mu itumanaho rishingiye ku mahoro no kutifashisha urugomo( Nonviolent Communication-NVC) == Ubushakashatsi == Hon. Penine mu bushakashatsi yibanda kuri izi ngingo zikurikira<ref name=":0" />: * Isesengura rya Politiki rusange * Guhindura no Gukemura amakimbirane * Kongera kubaka igihugu nyuma y'intambara * Iterambere ry'icyaro * Iyimuka ry'abaturage n'ubufatanye bw'akarere. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 3u28yr4uocyuibgoole0s712znb7vj0 0 22496 136993 130336 2026-09-14T13:10:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136993 wikitext text/x-wiki == HOPE TUMUKUNDE GASATURA == Honorable Hope Tumukunde Gasatura ni umunyarwandakazi ukora muri Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda manada ya Kane 2024-2029, akabarizwa mu mutwe w'abadepite.<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5BcurrentPage%5D=3&cHash=2448fc9a8b74ef35e01e4364673ed2d9</ref> == Amashuri == Yize imitekerereze ya muntu n'imibare mu kiciro cya mbere muri Kaminuza muri Kaminuza ya Makerere muri Uganda. Ikiciro cya Kabiri cya Kaminuza yakize muri Kaminuza ya New York muri Amerika aho yize Imiyoborere ya Leta( Masters' Degree in Public Admnistration). == Akazi == === MU MAHANGA === Hon. Hope yabaye:<ref>chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/<nowiki>https://nanhri.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Nexus-between-Strong-NHRIs-and-Development-in-Africa-Maendeleo-Policy-Forum-Report.pdf</nowiki>?</ref> * Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda muri Ethiopia * Ambasaderi w'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika {African Union(AU)} guhera mu mwaka wa 2015 * Uhagarariye u Rwanda mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika( African Union) * Aba n'umwe mu bagize Urwego rushinzwe Amahoro n'Umutekano mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika. == Amashakiro == of8e0kzsir9hx6m6gvrsumsjwro152y 137114 136993 2026-09-14T13:18:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137114 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hope Tumukunde Gasatura == Honorable Hope Tumukunde Gasatura ni umunyarwandakazi ukora muri Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda manada ya Kane 2024-2029, akabarizwa mu mutwe w'abadepite.<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5BcurrentPage%5D=3&cHash=2448fc9a8b74ef35e01e4364673ed2d9</ref> == Amashuri == Yize imitekerereze ya muntu n'imibare mu kiciro cya mbere muri Kaminuza muri Kaminuza ya Makerere muri Uganda. Ikiciro cya Kabiri cya Kaminuza yakize muri Kaminuza ya New York muri Amerika aho yize Imiyoborere ya Leta( Masters' Degree in Public Admnistration). == Akazi == === Mu mahanga === Hon. Hope yabaye:<ref>chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/<nowiki>https://nanhri.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Nexus-between-Strong-NHRIs-and-Development-in-Africa-Maendeleo-Policy-Forum-Report.pdf</nowiki>?</ref> * Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda muri Ethiopia * Ambasaderi w'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika {African Union(AU)} guhera mu mwaka wa 2015 * Uhagarariye u Rwanda mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika( African Union) * Aba n'umwe mu bagize Urwego rushinzwe Amahoro n'Umutekano mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika. == Amashakiro == nk27jhkvfxgn6f93d5mk2vgt508e3jg 0 22505 136958 136205 2026-09-14T13:09:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q139397477}}Urwibutso rwa Gisuna ni rumwe mu nzibutso zihariye zishyinguyemo Abatutsi bishwe mu 1994, mu myaka yabanje guhera mu 1959, [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]<ref name=":0">[[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]]</ref>Abatutsi batangiye kicwa mu buryo bw’agashinyaguro burimo gutwikirwa amazu,kumeneshwa,babita amazina mabi abatesha agaciro n’ubundi bugizi bwa nabi, batangira kubeshyerwa ko ari ibyitso by[[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|’Inkotanyi]]; Uyu munsi, uru rwibutso rwa Gisuna rufite uruhare rukomeye mu kubungabunga aya amateka ya Jenoside no kwibutsa abakiriho kuzirikana no kumenya amateka mabi yaranze igihugu cyacu [https://kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/nyuma-y-imyaka-30-nta-wari-ukwiye-kwigira-ntibindeba-resirg#:~:text=Ingaruka%20za Jenoside%20n'ibibi%20byayo%2C%20birakomeza%20gutizwa%20umurindi%20n'uburyo ingaruka mbi z’urwango n’ivangura]<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/nyuma-y-imyaka-30-nta-wari-ukwiye-kwigira-ntibindeba-resirg#:~:text=Ingaruka%20z'urwango%20rushingiye%20kuri%20jenoside%20si%20iz'uyu,bwazo%20n'ibibi%20byazo%2C%20birakomeza%20gutizwa%20umurindi%20n'uburyo</ref>, hagamijwe kubaka igihugu kirangwa n’ubumwe n’[[amahoro]]. == AHO URWIBUTSO RWA GISUNA RUHEREREYE<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-rwibutso-rwa-gisuna-rushyinguwemo-abishwe-nk-ibyitso-mu-1990</ref> == Urwibutso rwa Gisuna ruherereye mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], mu murenge wa [[Byumba]], ahahoze ari [[Byumba|Perefegitura ya Byumba]], rukaba rushyinguyemo imibiri y’Abatutsi bakuwe mu turere dutandukanye turimo [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]], [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]] na [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Rulindo]], ndetse no mu zahoze ari komine nka Muhura, Ngarama, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], Muvumba, Kizinga, Buyoga na Tumba<ref>https://umuseke.rw/gicumbi-urwibutso-rwa-gisuna-rushyinguyemo-abishwe-batwitswe-bashinjwa-kuba-ibyitso/</ref>; uru rwibutso rufite amateka akomeye mu kubungabunga amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda, no gukomeza kwibutsa abanyarwanda bose n'abandi muri rusange kurwanya no kurandura ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside kugira ngo dukumire burundu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] no [https://web.archive.org/web/20231221180730/https://kgm.rw/category/news-posts/page/2/ kubaka ubumwe n’amahoro] burambye. === AMATEKA YA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU 1994 MU RWANDA<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-rwibutso-rwa-gisuna-rushyinguwemo-abishwe-nk-ibyitso-mu-1990</ref> === Ubwo Inkotanyi zatangizaga urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990<ref name=":0" />, Abatutsi benshi bo mu zahoze ari komini mu Majyaruguru batangiye gutabwa muri yombi bashinjwa kuba ibyitso, bafungirwa ahari urukiko rwa Perefegitura ya Byumba hafi y’igisirikare; ubuhamya bwa bamwe mu barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda, barimo Mupenzi Joseph, avuga ko kuva tariki ya 3 Ukwakira 1990 hatangiye igikorwa cyo gufata Abatutsi mu mujyi wa Byumba no mu nkengero zawo, bagakorerwa iyicarubozo rikomeye, bakicwa mu buryo bw’agashinyaguro burimo gutemwa, gutwikwa no gutwikirwa, ndetse no gusukwaho ibintu bishyushye,Abatutsi bafashwe bavanywe mu bice bitandukanye nka Murambi, Muhura na Muvumba babita “Inyenzi”, bagashyirwa mu kato bagakorerwa ubugome bukabije aho bamwe bicwaga nyuma yo kujyanwa mu kigo cya gisirikare, abandi bakajugunywa mu byobo ari bazima ndetse n'abandi Batutsi bakorerwaga iyicarubozo, mu gihe Abatutsi bamwe barokotse barekuwe nyuma y’amezi abiri n’akanama kari kagizwe n’abayobozi barimo Superefe na [https://www.google.com/search?q=Burugumesitiri+ubusobanuro+n%27amateka&sca_esv=aaf2d711ebae6c76&sxsrf=ANbL-n7uyO4LePGHAsyGrPbn3hZ8SCSNaQ%3A1776457903015&ei=rpjiaeXbPPeC9u8Pp57vyQw&biw=1366&bih=641&ved=0ahUKEwjl6pCy3fWTAxV3gf0HHSfPO8kQ4dUDCBE&uact=5&oq=Burugumesitiri+ubusobanuro+n%27amateka&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiJEJ1cnVndW1lc2l0aXJpIHVidXNvYmFudXJvIG4nYW1hdGVrYTIFEAAY7wUyBRAAGO8FMggQABiJBRiiBDIFEAAY7wVItpMBUKQCWOSDAXABeACQAQCYAeMCoAGjL6oBBjItMjEuMbgBA8gBAPgBAZgCFqACojHCAgkQABiABBgNGArCAgYQABgeGA3CAgQQABgewgIIEAAYHhgNGArCAgUQIRigAcICBxAhGAoYoAHCAgQQIRgVmAMAiAYBkgcGMi0xOS4zoAexNbIHBjItMTkuM7gHojHCBwYyLTIwLjLIB4kBgAgB&sclient=gws-wiz-serp Burugumesitiri], ariko benshi mu baturukaga mu zindi [https://web.archive.org/web/20260211154129/https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ITORA_RYA_KOMINI_1967 komini] bagahitanwa n’ubwicanyi bw’indengakamere bwabibasiye bubasanga mu mayira. == Amashakiro == <references /> {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] luyls0p338lsskwck3jkphs35ootp24 0 22506 136926 136190 2026-09-14T13:08:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q139406236}}'''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamigina''' ni urwibutso ruherereye mu Murenge wa Tare, mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]], mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu Rwanda, rwibukirwamo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Uru rwibutso rushyinguwemo imibiri y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994,biciwe muri ako gace no mu nkengero zako, rukaba rufite uruhare mu gusigasira amateka no kwigisha ku ngaruka z’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.Ku wa 20 Mata 2025, imibiri irenga ibihumbi bine (4,200) yari ishyinguye kuri uru rwibutso yimuriwe mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi ruherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Gasaka|Murenge wa Gasaka]], mu rwego rwo kurushaho kunoza imicungire no kubungabunga inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994 no guha icyubahiro gikwiye abacu abazize Jenoside.<ref>https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamigina-rwahujwe-nurwa-murambi-mu-rwegorwo-kurushaho-kubungabunga-amateka-ya-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-mu-1994</ref> == Amateka == Ku wa 20 Mata 2025, imibiri 4,201 y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yari ishyinguye mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamigina ruherereye mu Murenge wa Tare, yimuriwe mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi ruherereye mu Murenge wa Gasaka, mu Karere ka Nyamagabe. Iki gikorwa cyari kigamije guhuza inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu rwego rwo kurushaho kubungabunga [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|amateka]] no kunoza imicungire y'inzibutso.Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Nyamagabe bwatangaje ko kwimura iyo mibiri byakozwe ku bufatanye n’imiryango yarifite ababo bashyinguwe kuri uru rwibutso, bakaba barabyemeye hagamijwe kubaha icyubahiro gikwiye no gusigasira amateka. Umuyobozi w’Akarere yashimiye imiryango yemeye icyo gikorwa, abizeza ko aho uru rwibutso rwari ruherereye hazakomeza kwitabwaho nk’ikimenyetso cy’amateka ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.]]<ref>[[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]]</ref>Iki gikorwa cyakurikiwe n’Umugoroba wo kwibuka wabereye ku Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamigina, witabiriwe n’abayobozi batandukanye, barimo Perezida w’Inama Njyanama y’Akarere, abayobozi bungirije b’Akarere n’abahagarariye inzego z’umutekano, amadini n’amatorero, hamwe n’abaturage.Imibiri yimuwe yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro ku wa 21 Mata 2025 mu [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]]<ref>[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]]</ref>, hamwe n’indi mibiri umunani, igizwe n’irindwi yari ishyinguye mu miryango n’umwe wabonetse nyuma. == Amashakiro == <references /> {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} 5n4erxzkmjjsbamx50s93smi953fy7z 0 22508 137069 136164 2026-09-14T13:12:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q139490568}}'''[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside|URWIBUTSO]] RWA [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|JENOSIDE]] YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU 1994 MUSANGE''' Uru ni [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside|urwibutso]] ruherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y'amajyepfo]] mu karere ka Nyamagabe,umurenge wa Musange,akagari ka Jenda mucyahoze ari komine Musange<ref>https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/musange-hatangirijwe-ku-rwego-rwintara-kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-30-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-mu-1994</ref>. '''AMATEKA YARANZE MUSANGE MBERE YA [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|JENOSIDE]]''' Mbere abaturage bari bunze ubumwe bahahirana, ndetse bagashyingirana.Nyuma yuko [[Grégoire Kayibanda|Gregoire KAYIBANDA]] agiriye k'ubutegetsi nka perezida waranzwe n'amacakubiri nironda bwoko, karere mu butegetsi bwe akaza guhirikwa kubutegetsi na [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Juvenil HABYARIMANA]] ariko utaragize icyo ahindura mu miyoborere ye. Kimwe n'ahandi mu gihugu hakomeje gutozwa [[interahamwe]] ndetse no kubiba amacakubiri agamije kwangisha Abahutu [[Abatutsi|Abatutsi.]] Aha ni hamwe mu gihugu hageragerejwe Jenoside mu myaka 1959-1963<ref>https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/kwibuka30-min-dr-bizimana-yagaragaje-ibyaranzwe-itegurwa-rya-jenoside-ku-gikongoro</ref> '''MUGIHE CYA JENOSIDE''' Bitewe nuko Musange ari ahantu hagizwe n'imisozi miremire ,[[amashyamba]] nibihuru. Ibi byatumaga Interahamwe zitwika ibihuru n'amazu ngo hatagira nuwihisha,bamwe bahungiraga mu mashuri abanza nka Masagara na MUSANGE tutibagiwe no munsengero nka [[ADEPR Rwanda|ADEPR]] Masizi na Centarali gatorika[[Catholic Relief Services|(catholic)]] ya Masagara, gusa interahamwe nabasirikare ba egisi fari(Ex-FAR) barahabasangaga bakabica. Gusa nyuma y'ibizazane no guhigwa amanywa n'ijoro,hari bamwe baharokokeye bahishwe n'abahutu bari bafite umutima wa kimuntu ndetse nabakomeje kugerageza guhunga mpaka barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994 mu Rwanda. '''NYUMA YA JENOSIDE''' Abarokotse muri ako gace, ntibasigajwe inyuma n'amateka ubu bafatanya n'abandi mu kubaka u Rwanda. Nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]], abayikoze bakemera ibyaha bagasaba n'imbabazi bakatiwe n'nkiko gacaca<ref>https://www.minijust.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minijust/Official_gazettes_2/______________________2008_Official_Gazettes/Official_Gazette_no_11_of_01.06.2008.pdf</ref> ndetse bamwe baranafunguwe bagaruka mu buzima busanzwe mu rwego rwo gusigasira ayo mateka no kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] cyane cyane m'urubyiruko rwavutse nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994. Urwibatso rwa Jenoside rwa Musange muri 2004 rwashyinguwemo imibiri y'Abatutsi mucyubahiro yagiye iboneka nyuma.Nyuma uru rwibutso rwaje kuvugururwa mu mwaka wa 2018 kugeza 2019.<ref>https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/musange-hatangirijwe-ku-rwego-rwintara-kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-30-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-mu-1994</ref>. Kuri ubu ni urwibutso ruruhukiyemo imibiri yabarenga 26,000.Buri mwaka , hamwe n'igihugu cyose abatuye musange bifatanya n'abandi mukwibuka inzirakarengane z'Abatutsi zazize Jenoside mu 1994 mu Rwanda. == Amashakiro == <references /> {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} dwwlxstn8tak2vx92sdnf6h6zncs49v 0 22526 136994 130843 2026-09-14T13:10:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136994 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyamata Memorial Site 13 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nyamata memorial site]] '''<u>Itegurwa rya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi</u>''' Itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ryatangiye kera binyuze mu kubiba amacakubiri n’ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Guhera mu gihe cy’abakoroni no mu Repubulika ya mbere n'iya kabiri, Abatutsi batangiye kugaragazwa nk’abanyamahanga n’abanzi b’igihugu. Hashyizweho indangamuntu zanditsemo amoko kugira ngo bitwaze uburyo bwo kubatoteza, kubambura uburenganzira bwabo, no kubameneshea mu nzego z’uburezi n’umurimo, ibyo byose bikaba byari urufatiro rwo kumvisha abaturage ko Umututsi atari umunyarwanda nk'abandi. Mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1990, itegurwa ryahinduye isura rishyirwa mu bikorwa binyuze mu ikubitiro ry’itangazamakuru ry’urwango n’icengezamatwara mubisha. Hashyizweho radio RTLM n’ikinyamakuru Kangura byakwirakwizaga amagambo n’inyandiko bisebya Abatutsi, babita "[[Inyenzi]]" n’ibindi bikoresho by’itoteza. Inyandiko nka "Amategeko icumi y'Abahutu" yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushishikariza abaturage kwanga no guha akato [[Abatutsi]], bituma igice kimwe cy'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]] cyumva ko kwica undi ari inshingano yo kurinda igihugu. Hagati aho, ubutegetsi bwariho bwatangiye gushinga no gutoza gisirikare imitwe y’urubyiruko rw’Inkeragutabara ruzwi nka [[Interahamwe]] n’Impuzamugambi. Urwo rubyiruko rwahabwaga imyitozo yo kwica no gukoresha intwaro mu gihugu hose, ndetse runahabwa intwaro gakondo n’imbunda. Muri icyo gihe, inzego z’ubuyobozi bwite bwa Leta zakoze amalisiti y’Abatutsi n’abahutu batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi kugira ngo bazahite bicwa umunsi umushinga nyirizina watangiye. == Mbere y’uko Jenoside nyirizina itangira muri Mata 1994, habayeho amagerageza y'ubwicanyi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu nka Kibirira, Bugesera, na Mutara. Ibi bikorwa byari bigamije kureba uko abaturage bitwara mu bwicanyi no gusuzuma niba amahanga azagira icyo akora. Kubera ko amahanga yacecetse kuri ayo magerageza, abateguraga Jenoside bahawe intege zo gukomeza umushinga wabo, kugeza igihe ihanurwa ry'indege ya Habyarimana ryakoreshejwe nk'imbarutso yo gutangiza itsembatsembanyi ryari ryarateguwe mu buryo bwose: mu mitekerereze, mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, no mu bikoresho.<ref>https://search.yahoo.com/search?fr=mcafee&type=E210US714G0&p=preparation+of+genocide+in+rwanda</ref> == == Amashakiro == od2k5j5r01t61rzyzy9wwgzp969rrcs 0 22804 136959 131809 2026-09-14T13:09:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Koko River|image=|image_size=|image_alt=|image_caption=|map=|map_size=|map_alt=|map_caption=|source1_location=|mouth_coordinates={{coord|-2.610048|29.186624|display=inline,title}}|progression=|subdivision_type1=Country|subdivision_name1=[[Rwanda]]|location=|etymology=|length=|source1_elevation=|mouth_elevation=|discharge1_avg=|basin_size=|river_system=[[Rusizi River]]|tributaries_left=Shyara River|tributaries_right=|custom_label=|custom_data=}}Uruzi rwa koko ni uruzi ruherereye mukarere ka rusizi mumajyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw' u rwanda.rukaba ari uzuzi rw'ruhwa rutembera iburyo rugize umupaka uhuza uturere tw'iburengerazuba bw'urwanda n'u burundi mu burebure bwarwo bwinshi runyura muri pariki y'igihugu ya Nyungwe == Indangasoko == === Incamake === {{Reflist|30em}} === Amasoko === <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" /> {{Rivers of Rwanda}} gknge0a28kwfjad70v8j0o5a16m49mr 0 22854 137070 131879 2026-09-14T13:12:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137070 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Uruzi rwa Gorgol''' ni [[Uruzi|umugezi wo mumajyepfo ya mauritania uhana imbibi nuruzi rwa senegali]] . Uruzi rugizwe n'aho Gorgol Noir ihurira (194)&nbsp;uburebure bwa km), hamwe na Gorgol Blanc (345&nbsp;uburebure bwa km). Gorgol ihurira n'uruzi rwa Sénégal kuri Kaédi . Ikibaya cy'uruzi kigira uruhare runini mu iterambere rya Mauritaniya riterwa inkunga n'ishoramari mu myaka ya 1970. == Indangasoko == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} q3s8vkydgsa26qvsuh6qwsv4bwqtx2t 0 22857 136807 131883 2026-09-14T13:05:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Ribeira Grande de Santiago|image=Ribeira Grande de Santiago-Vallée (1).jpg|image_size=|image_caption=The valley of Ribeira Grande de Santiago|source1_location=near [[Monte Tchota]]<br>[[Santiago, Cape Verde|Santiago Island]], Cape Verde|source1_elevation={{convert|750|m|abbr=on}}|subdivision_type1=Country|subdivision_name1=[[Cape Verde]]|length_km=16|basin_size=|mouth_location=[[Cidade Velha]]|mouth_coordinates={{coord|14.9142|-23.6054|format=dms|display=it}}}} '''Ribeira Grande de Santiago''' ni umugezi uri mumajyepfo y'ikirwa cya santiago muri cape verde . Mu gice cyo hejuru cyitwa ''Ribeira Cadacina'' . Inkomoko yawo iri mu misozi yo hagati y'ikirwa, hafi ya Monte Tchota, mu burengerazuba bwa Rui Vaz, mu karere ka São Domingos . Utemba werekeza mu majyepfo, ugahurira n'inyanja ya Atalantika muri Cidade Velha . Imidugudu iri ku nkengero zacyo ni Achada Loura, Salineiro na Calabaceira . Ikigega cyo kuhira cyubatswe hafi ya Salineiro mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-08-24 |title=Barragem de Salineiro recebe as suas primeiras águas dois anos depois da sua inauguração |url=https://noticias.sapo.cv/actualidade/artigos/barragem-de-salineiro-recebe-as-suas-primeiras-aguas-dois-anos-depois-da-sua-inauguracao |work=SAPO Notícias}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'imigezi yo muri Cape Verde == Indangasoko == {{Reflist}}{{Santiago}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] dzp8nbkxxvpdfciin3plmtyetb8cnlm 0 22884 136808 134564 2026-09-14T13:05:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136808 wikitext text/x-wiki Iyi ngingo ivuga ku buryo bwo '''gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu gihugu cya Lesotho.''' Nk'igihugu kidakora ku nyanja , [[Lesoto|Lesotho]] nta Cyambu cyangwa icyambu ifite, ariko ifite imihanda, ubwikorezi bw'indege, ndetse n'ibikorwaremezo bike bya gari ya moshi. == Imihanda == [[Dosiye:Seeing_the_land.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa A3 ugana katse.]] Mbere y'uko Lesotho ibona ubwigenge mu 1966, umuhanda wa kaburimbo wari umwe rukumbi muri icyo gihugu. Uwo muhanda witwaga Kingsway, ukaba warabarizwaga mu murwa mukuru, Maseru, uhuza ikibuga cy'indege cya Mejametalana n'Ingoro y'Umwami. Kuva mu ntangiriro za 1970, ibikorwa remezo by'imihanda byatejwe imbere cyane. <ref name="EIU">{{Cite journal |last=The Economist Intelligence Unit |date=20 February 2004 |title=Lesotho: Transport and communications |journal=Country Analysis sample report}}</ref> Mu 1999, Lesotho yari ifite imihanda ifite uburebure bwa {{Convert|5940|km|mi}} mu burebure, muri bwo hakaba {{Convert|1087|km|mi}} zashyizwemo kaburimbo. <ref name="factbook">{{Cite web |last=CIA |title=CIA – The World Factbook – Lesotho |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063843/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref> Hashyizweho imbaraga nyinshi mu guhuza uturere dutandukanye tw'igihugu. Byongeye kandi, imihanda yo hagati muri Lesotho nayo yaravuguruwe, ibi bikaba byari igice cy'ibikenewe mu bwubatsi bw'umushinga w'amazi wa Lesotho Highlands Water Project. <ref name="EIU" /> == Gari ya moshi == Umuhanda wa gari ya mosh wonyine muri Lesotho ni ishami rya maseru, rihuza [[umurwa]] mukuru maseru n'umurongo wa bloemfontein - Bethlehem ,Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza na Afurika y'Epfo. Muri uyu muhanda, kilometero 1.6 (ibirometero 1.0) byafunguwe ku ya 18 Ukuboza 1905, biherereye mu mbibi za Lesotho. Uhera ku kiraro cy'umupaka kiri ku ruzi rwa Mohokare, ukanyura mu gice cy'inganda cyo mu majyaruguru ya Maseru, ukagera kuri sitasiyo y'uwo mujyi. Iyi sitasiyo ni yo yonyine ya gari ya moshi iri muri icyo gihugu. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Boonzaaier |first=J.N.C |year=2008 |title=Tracks Across the Veld |isbn=978-0-620-41711-2 |page=245}}</ref> Guhera mu 2008, habayeho ibiganiro byo kubaka gari ya moshi nshya ihuza Lesotho na Durban na Port Elizabeth . == Ubwikorezi bw'indege == Muri Lesoto hari ibibuga by'indege 28, muri byo 3 bifite inzira zo kunyuramo za kaburimbo. <ref name="factbook">{{Cite web |last=CIA |title=CIA – The World Factbook – Lesotho |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063843/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=21 April 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCIA">CIA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063843/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho "CIA – The World Factbook – Lesotho"]. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ the original] on 9 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cyonyine ni ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Moshoeshoe I kiri i Mazenod, Ikibuga cy'indege cya Moshoeshoe giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Maseru. Mu bibuga by'indege byo muri iki gihugu, iki kibuga ni cyo cyonyine gifite inzira ndende irenga metero 1,523, kuko inzira yacyo nyamukuru ifite uburebure bwa metero 3,200 Mu bindi bibuga by'indege byo muri iki gihugu, kimwe gifite inzira y'indege yashyizwemo kaburimbo ifite uburebure buri hagati ya metero 914 na 1,523. Ikindi kibuga gifite inzira y'indege nayo yashyizwemo kaburimbo, ariko ifite uburebure buri munsi ya metero 914.Hari kandi ibibuga by'indege bine bifite inzira z'indege zidafite kaburimbo, zifite uburebure buri hagati ya metero 914 na 1,523. Ibindi bibuga by'indege bifite inzira zidafite kaburimbo zifite uburebure buri munsi ya metero 914. <ref name="factbook">{{Cite web |last=CIA |title=CIA – The World Factbook – Lesotho |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063843/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=21 April 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCIA">CIA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063843/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho "CIA – The World Factbook – Lesotho"]. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ the original] on 9 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> ibyiciro byose bigenwa hakurikijwe uburebure bw'inzira ndende cyane ku kibuga cy'indege. == Ubwikoreze bwo mu mazi == Lesotho ni gihugu cyi misozi miremire kandi idafite inzira kandi ishingiye cyane kuri Afurika y'Epfo mu gutwara abantu mu mazi. Icyambu kinini cya hafi n'aho ubwato bujyanwa ni Durban . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kishor Uprety |year=2005 |title=Transit Regime for Landlocked States : International Law and Development Perspectives |url=https://archive.org/details/transitregimefor0000upre |publisher=The World Bank |isbn=0-8213-6299-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/transitregimefor0000upre/page/9 9]}}</ref> Vuba aha kubera gutinda kuva Durban, amasosiyete menshi yagiye akoresha ibikoresho bya Port Elizabeth biri mu majyepfo amasaha abiri. Ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi imbere mu gihugu bugarukira ku bwato buto butwara ubwato aho imigezi yambukira , kandi Guverinoma ya Lesotho ikoresha ubwato aho imigezi minini yambukira. == Uburyo busanze bwo gutwara abantu == [[Dosiye:Making_the_cattle_work.jpg|thumb|Ubucuruzi bw'inka muri Lesotho]] uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gutwara abantu (IMTs) bukoreshwa ni amapine y'imodoka n'amatungo y'akazi. Amapine y'imodoka akoreshwa cyane mu mijyi no mu byaro kandi akoreshwa cyane n'abagore n'abagabo mu gutwara ibiribwa, ibinyampeke byo gusya, amasanduku y'amazi, n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Akamaro k'amapine y'imodoka yo gufata amazi kagenda kagabanuka buhoro buhoro bitewe no gutanga robine z'amazi. Ikindi gikunze kugaragara mu turere two mu misozi miremire no mu bibaya ni amapine y'imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa "scotch cards" afite amapine abiri. Yakururwaga cyane cyane n'inka, ariko mu myaka ya vuba aha hakomeje kwiyongera ingeso yo gukoresha inka (inka z'abagore), kuko abahinzi bakunze kudatunga inka.Amapine y'imodoka akorwa mu buryo butandukanye. Amwe muri yo akorwa hakoreshejwe ibice by'amapine bishaje, andi akaba akorwa hakoreshejwe insinga zishaje. Menshi muri aya mapine akorwa n'amaduka mato muri Lesotho cyangwa Afurika y'Epfo. Ikindi kigaragara ni uko inyinshi muri zo zishushanyijeho irangi ritukura.Ibiganiro n'abakora aya mapine bigaragaza ko ikibazo nyamukuru bahura nacyo ari ukubona amapine n'insinga zikwiye, kimwe n'ibindi bikoresho fatizo, ku giciro abakiriya babo bashobora kwishyura. [[Dosiye:Basotho_blanket_lesotho.jpg|thumb|Kugendera ku ifarashi.]] Amafarashi ya Basotho ni ingenzi cyane mu misozi miremire mu gutwara abantu. Hari igihe amafarashi akoreshwa nk'inyamaswa zo gutwara imizigo, ariko ibi ntibikunze kubaho. Ku rundi ruhande, indogobe zikoreshwa cyane nk'inyamaswa zo gutwara imizigo mu bice byose by'akarere. Amafarashi akunze kugendeshwa n'abasore, cyane cyane abatari basanzwe kandi akenshi nta ntebe. Ni ibisanzwe ko [[Umugore|abagore]] bagendera ku mafarashi, ariko abagore bake bagendera ku mafarashi. Hari abantu bake, cyane cyane abagabo bakuze, bagenda ku mafarashi afite intebe. Inyumbu ntizikunze kubaho, kandi zishobora gukoreshwa mu gutwara abantu cyangwa gutwara imizigo. Gukoresha amafarashi, inyumbu n'indogobe mu gutwara imizigo ni bike cyane. Amafarashi make cyane akurura indogobe cyangwa amagare y'amafarasi, nubwo ayo mafarashi akunze kugaragara cyane mu bindi bihugu byo mu majyepfo, iburasirazuba, iburengerazuba no mu majyaruguru ya Afurika. Nibura mu mijyi ibiri (Maputsoe na Mafeteng) umubare muto w'abacuruzi bakoresha amagare cyangwa amagare afite amapine y'umwuka akururwa ahanini n'amafarashi amwe (kandi rimwe na rimwe n'indogobe ebyiri cyangwa inyumbu imwe). Muri Mafeteng, abatwara abagenzi bakoresha amagare y'amapine abiri, mu gihe muri Maputsoe, abatwara abagenzi bakoresha amagare y'amapine ane. Umubara w'amagare na moto zikoreshwa ni muto cyane. ubwinshi bw'amapikipiki kuri buri muntu muri Lesotho, ndetse n'amagare, bushobora kuba buri mu bantu bake cyane ku isi. Umubare muto w'abantu bakoresha amagare akenshi ni abana n'abasore, cyane cyane mu kwidagadura nubwo bamwe bayakoresha mu ngendo hagati y'imidugudu. hari abantu bake bakoresha amagare mu mikino, kandi bamwe muri Afurika y'Epfo n'abandi bakerarugendo banyura mu misozi miremire ku magare. hari umubare muto w'abacuruzi bakoresha amagare kugira ngo babone imibereho. == Amashakiro == sf74azqs5y334gcj1ykqkptbd75pmpt 0 22885 137037 131931 2026-09-14T13:11:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugomero rwa Água Vermelha''' ni urugomero rw'amazi ruri ku Ruzi rwa Grande hafi ya Iturama muri Minas Gerais / São Paulo, muri Breziligukora ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kurwanya umwuzure . kubaka Urwo rugomero byatangiye mu 1973 kandi byarangiye no gukoreshwa mu 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dam Vermelha Aqua |url=http://www.myetymology.com/encyclopedia/Dam_Vermelha_Water.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714142954/http://www.myetymology.com/encyclopedia/Dam_Vermelha_Water.html |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=Speedy Look |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Imashini ziheruka zitanga moteri zatangiye gukora mu 1979. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydroelectric Plants in Brazil - Sao Paulo |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-brazil-sp.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208171633/http://www.industcards.com/hydro-brazil-sp.htm |archive-date=December 8, 2012 |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=Indust Cards}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro == Urugomero rufite uburebure bwa {{Convert|3940|m}} uburebure na {{Convert|67|m}} urugomero rurerure rufite sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya sima n'igice cy'inzira yo gusuka amazi . Ingano ya sima iri mu nyubako y'urugomero ni {{Convert|1500000|m3}} . umuyoboro w'amazi y'urugomero urimo inzira umunani z'amazi, buri imwe ifite ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi bwa {{Convert|2481|m3/s}} ku giteranyo {{Convert|19848|m3/s}}. Ikigega cy'urugomero gifite ubushobozi bwa {{Convert|11.025|km3|acre.ft}},muri zo {{Convert|11|km3|acre.ft}} ni ububiko bw'ibinyabuzima (bukora cyangwa "bw'ingirakamaro"). Ubuso bw'ikigega ni {{Convert|647|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} Kandi urwego ntarengwa wayo hejuru y'inyanja ni {{Convert|383.3|m|ft|abbr=on}} kandi nibura ni {{Convert|373.3|m}} . Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi y'urugomero ifite umutwe w'amashanyarazi wa {{Convert|57|m}} kandi ikubiyemo esheshatu {{Convert|232.7|MW|abbr=on}}moteri zikoreshwa na turbine za Francis zifite ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo {{Convert|1,396.2|MW}}. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aqua Vermelha |url=http://www.aestiete.com.br/usinas/agua/ |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=AES Tiete}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary Information Dam Power Plant Agua Vermelha - SP |url=http://www.transportes.gov.br/bit/barragens/avermelha.htm |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=Brazil Ministry of Transportation}}</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] j7jgdzqupn29iykwxxw4ba2q41z9832 0 22886 137038 131933 2026-09-14T13:11:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137038 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ikiyaga cya Ansoo ni kiyaga''' giherereye mu kibaya cya Kaghan cya Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Byasobunuwe nka '''Teardrop Lake'''. Nk'uko izina ryacyo ribigaragaza, ni amazi asa n'amarira aherereye mu Karere ka Mansehra muri [[Pakisitani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ansoo Lake - A tear-shaped lake in Pakistan |url=http://kgda.gkp.pk/product/ansoo-lake/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013052355/http://kgda.gkp.pk/product/ansoo-lake/ |archive-date=13 October 2019 |access-date=13 October 2019 |website=kgda.gkp.pk |publisher=Kaghan Development Authority}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 March 2018 |title=15.Ansoo Lake |url=https://arynews.tv/15-beautiful-lakes-pakistan/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |work=[[ARY News]]}}</ref> Ku butumburuke bwa 4126 m hejuru y'inyanja, Ikiyaga cya Ansoo gihagaze nk'imwe mu biyaga birebire cyane mu misozi ya himalaya . Giherereye hafi ya Malika Parbat, umusozi muremure mu kibaya cya Kaghan. == Amateka == Ikiyaga cya Ansoo cyaaguye mu kaga mu 1993 n'abapilote b'ingabo Zirwanira mu kirere za pakisitani bagurukaga ku butumburuke buri hasi cyane muri ako karere. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2020 |title=The unexplored Ansoo Lake of Kaghan valley |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1574444 |access-date=5 May 2024 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> Ubukerarugendo bukomeje kwiyongera bwabangamiye inzira igana ku kiyaga Ubukerarugendo bukomeje kwiyongera bwabangamiye inzira igana ku kiyaga n'ibidukikije karemano, bigaragaza ko gifite ibidukikije bitoroshye. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Nisar Ahmad |date=22 March 2020 |title=Kaghan valley's ecology vulnerable |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1542753 |access-date=5 May 2024 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> == Amashakiro == mkxrslile4y1ny73gsc0colixfxgdp6 0 22922 137039 136170 2026-09-14T13:11:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137039 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''AHO UHEREYE''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/menya-akarere |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-06-17 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125201519/https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/menya-akarere |url-status=dead }}</ref> == KADUHA ni umwe mumirenge cuminirindwi igize akarere ka Nyamagabe muntara y'amajyepfo y'u [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] Uhana imbibi nimirenge nka '''Musange, Mushubi na Gatare mukarere''' yo mu Karere ka Nyamagabe , ndetse '''Nyagisozi''' wo mu Karere ka [[Nyanza, Rwanda|Nyanza]] tutibagiwe Umurenge wa Twumba wo muri [[Akarere ka Karongi|karongi]] .Numurenge ugizwe nutugari dutanu aritwo ; * '''Kavumu''' * '''Murambi''' * '''Musenyi''' * '''Nyabisindu''' * '''Nyamiyaga''' Nanone ugizwe n[[Imidugudu|'imidugudu]] igera kuri 27 ariyo; Mu kagari ka '''Kavumu''' habamo [[imidugudu]] nka Gasharu, Kabura, Kageyo, Kavumu, Muramba, n’Nyarurema; naho mu ka '''Murambi''' tugasangamo Gakaranka, Gasenyi, Kibaza, Murambi, Muyira, n’Nyarugazi. Akagari ka '''Musenyi''' kagizwe n'imidugudu ya Biguhu, Gashyamba, Karambo, Musenyi, n’Nyakabuye; mu gihe [[Akagari]] ka '''Nyabisindu''' kagizwe n'iyitwa Agatare, Gitinda, Kigarama, Nyabisindu, n’i Nyabitare. Naho [[Akagari]] ka '''Nyamiyaga''' na ko kaguwe n'imidugudu ya Cyarwa, Gahira, Gaseke, Nyamiyaga, hamwe n’I Rusozi, yose hamwe ikaba ari yo igize imiyoborere y'uyu murenge. == [[Amateka y'u Rwanda|'''AMATEKA''']] == Uyu murenge '''Muri Repubulika ya Mbere n'Iya Kabiri''' , Mu rwego rw'imitegekere y'igihugu ya kera, wari '''Komini''' (Commune Kaduha) yabarizwaga muri '''Perefegitura ya Gikongoro'''<ref>https://prof-maurice.com/rw/2023/11/19/menya-za-perefegitura-na-za-komini-zo-mu-rwanda-rwo-ha-mbere-ya-2002/</ref> mucyahoze cyitwa gikongoro .'''Amateka mabi [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]''' naho kimwe n'ibindi bice byari bigize icyahoze ari Gikongoro (byaranzwe n'ubugome n'ugutonesha by'abayobozi b'icyo gihe nka Bucyibaruta na n'abandi), Kaduha yagize amateka ababaje cyane. Abatutsi benshi b’i Kaduha n’abari bahatungutse baturutse mu bice bihakikije barahahungiye (cyane cyane ku Kiliziya Gatolika n'Ibitaro bya Kaduha). == Imibereho myiza == === 1.[[Ubuhinzi]] n’[[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube|Ubworozi]] (Inkingi y'[[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu)]] === * '''[[Ubuhinzi bw'urutoki|Ubuhinzi bwiyubashye]]:''' Imiterere y’ubutaka bwa Kaduha bifasha mubuhinzi bw[[Ikawa ya Maraba|’'''ikawa''']] nindi y’ubushabitsi ibinjiriza amafaranga. Ku biribwa, bahinga cyane ni ibirayi, ibishyimbo, ibigori, n’imyumbati. * '''[[Inka|Ubworozi]]:''' Kubera imisozi n'amashyamba, abaturage borora inka (binyuze muri gahunda ya ''Girinka'') ndetse n'amatungo magufi n nk'ihene n'intama, bibafasha kubona amata n'ifumbire y'imborera yo gushyira mu mirima yabo. === 2.Ubuvuzi n’Ubuzima === * Kaduha ifite umwihariko wo kugira '''Ibitaro bya Kaduha (Kaduha Hospital)'''. Ibi bitaro ni inkingi ikomeye cyane mu mibereho y’abaturage kuko bitanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi ku murenge wa Kaduha n’imirenge iwukikije yose ya musange,gatare mbazi nahandi. * Abaturage muri rusange bitabira gahunda y’ubwisungane mu kwivuza ('''Mutuelle de Santé''') kandi bafite amavuriro y'ibanze (Health Centers) abafasha mu tugari. === 3. [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|Uburezi]] [[Imiyoborere myiza|n’Imiyoborere]] === * Muri uyu murenge harangwa amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye (yaba aya Leta n'ay'Imiryango ishingiye ku madini nka [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] n'Abangilikani) afasha abana n'urubyiruko kubona ubumenyi.Muriyo twavuga ;'''Groupe Scolaire Kaduha (G.S. Kaduha)''' '''rikaba rim'''we mu mashuri ashaje kandi azwi cyane muri uyu murenge, rikaba riri hafi y’ihuriro rya santari n’ibitaro. Rifite amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye (cyane cyane icyiciro rusange cy'amashuri yisumbuye - O'Level na A'Level).'''Collège de la Paix Kaduha:''' Ishuri ryisumbuye ryagiye rimenyekana mu burezi n'uburezi bw'abana b'abakobwa n'abahungu muri ako gace.'''G.S. Murambi:''' Ishuri riherereye mu Kagari ka Murambi, na ryo rikaba rifasha abana b'icyo gice mu cyiciro cy'amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye y'imyaka 9 na 12 (9 & 12 Years Basic Education) . hari namashuri abanza nka '''Ecole Primaire (E.P.) Kaduha:''' Ishuri ribanza rya kera cyane ryafashe abaturage benshi b'i Kaduha n'inkengero zaho kumenya gusoma n'bwandika.'''Amashuri abanza akorera ku ma-Groupes Scolaires'''Binyuze mu nzego z’imidugudu n’utugari twavuze haruguru, abaturage bagira uruhare mu muganda rusange, mu makoperative y'ubuhinzi, ndetse bajya no muri Ejo Heza n’ibimina byo kuguriza n’izigama. == Isuku == === 1. [[Isuku]] yo mu Ngo n[[UBUKANGURAMBAGA MUKWIPIMISHA SIDA MURUBYIRUKO|’Ubukangurambaga]] === * '''[[Ingamba k'umusaruro w'ishyamba|Ingamba]] [[Isuku|z'Isuku]]''' [[Isuku|'''y'umusarane"''']]''':''' Abaturage b’i Kaduha, binyuze mu bukangurambaga bwa Leta n’ubw’abajyanama b’ubuzima, bashishikarizwa kugira ubwiherero bwujuje ibisabwa (amazi yo gukaraba intoki — ''Kandagira Ukarabe''). * '''[[Amazi, Isuku n'isukura|Isuku y'amazi n'ibiribwa]]:''' Kubera ko ari agace k’icyaro gahinga cyane, hari uburyo bwo kwigisha abaturage guteka amazi banywa no gukaraba intoki mbere n'nyuma yo kurya cyangwa buvuye mu mirima, kugira ngo barwanye amavunja n'inzoka zo mu nda. === 2. [[Imidugudu|Isukura ry'Imyanda n’Imidugudu]] === * '''Umuganda Rusange:''' Buri wa gatandatu wa nyuma w’ukwezi, abaturage bo mu midugudu 27 igize Kaduha bahurira mu miganda yo gusiza imihanda, gutema ibihuru byihishemo imibu, nogukura imyanda mu tuyira tw'amazi. * '''Imiyoborere y[[Imyanda ibora n’itabora ikavamo Ibintu by’Agaciro|'imyanda]]:''' Mu masanteri y’ubucuruzi nka santeri ya Kaduha, [[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]] n'abacuruzi bagerageza gukusanya imyanda itabora ngo ihabwe ahababujije, mu gihe imyanda ibora yo mu ngo ikoreshwa mu gukora ifumbire y'imborera ishyirwa mu mirima y'icyayi n'ibirayi. === 3[[Amavuriro yigenga|.Isuku mu Bikorwaremezo (Amashuri n'Amavuriro)]] === * '''Mu mashuri:''' Amashuri nka G.S. Kaduha n’andi, afite gahunda z’isuku zikomeye aho abana bafite amatsinda y’isuku (Health Clubs), kandi bakagira ubwiherero bwihariye bw’abahungu n’ubw’abakobwa (harimo n'icyumba cy'umwana w'umukobwa). * '''Mu Bitaro n'Amavuriro:''' Ibitaro bya Kaduha n’amavuriro y’ibanze(Health Centers) bishyira imbere isuku nka rimwe mu mabwiriza yo kwinda indwara n’bwandu (Infection Prevention and Control - IPC). == '''IBIIKORWA BYUBUMWE N'UBUDAHERANWA KUBAROKOTSE NABAKOZE JENOCIDE''' <ref>https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/mu-murenge-wa-kaduha-hasorejwe-ukwezi-k-ubumwe-n-ubudaheranwa-bw-abanyarwanda</ref> == == I Kaduha harangwa amatsinda n’imiryango itari iya [[Rwanda|Leta]] (ndetse n'iy'amadini) ihuza abarokotse n'abakoze [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] (nyuma yo gukora ibihano bahawe n'inkiko Gacaca abandi bagahabwa imbabazi) kujyirango bongere babane nta kwishishanya. Bitewe nuko Ubuzima bwa Kaduha bushingiye ku buhinzi bw' icyayi, [[Ikawa ya Maraba|ikawa,]] n[[Ubuhinzi|'ubuhinzi bw'ibiribwa]]. Abarokotse n'abakoze [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] cyangwa imiryango yabo bahurira mu makoperative y’[[Ubuhinzi bw'urutoki|ubuhinzi]] bw’icyayi n’amashyirahamwe y’ubworozi. Nanone hakomeza kubaho igikorwa cyo kwibuka inzirakarengane zazize uko zavutse buri mwaka kimwe nahandi mugihugu .<ref>https://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video;_ylt=AwrFcQRI6zJqSwIAGitXNyoA;_ylu=Y29sbwNiZjEEcG9zAzEEdnRpZAMEc2VjA3Nj?type=E210US714G0&p=gahunda+yubumwe+n%27ubudaheranwa+kaduha++nyamagabe&fr=mcafee&turl=https%3A%2F%2Ftse4.mm.bing.net%2Fth%2Fid%2FOVP.HadZ0Kzu0OXzBW4Qko2uwAHgFo%3Fpid%3DApi%26w%3D296%26h%3D156%26c%3D7%26p%3D0&rurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DO81cJREQdm8&tit=Live%F0%9F%94%B4%3A+KADUHA+-+NYAMAGABE%3A+KWIBUKA+KU+NSHURO+YA+32+JENOSIDE+YAKOREWE+ABATUTSI+MU+1994&pos=01&vid=c57b550b6784d25c959d1c652e16ae9d&sigr=tMZTJYwdahvQ&sigt=GhoH6ouebhyU&sigi=_9wk_5YOQgbo</ref> == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 7g6yo8vj26sgmywdwu7anjvvvrohqe2 0 22933 136809 132329 2026-09-14T13:05:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136809 wikitext text/x-wiki Bienvenue Redemptus ni umunyamakuru mu Rwanda wavukiye mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba mu Karere ka Kirehe mu Murenge wa Mahama ahahoze hitwa Nyarubuye. Uyu munsi ni umwe mu banyamakuru bo mu Rwanda, ndetse inzozi afite ni nyinshi kuko intambwe atera zimutera icyizere ko nibiri imbere byiza azabigeraho.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/abantu/article/urugendo-rwa-bienvenu-redemptus-usoma-amakuru-kuri-televiziyo-rwanda</ref> == Ubuzima bwe == Redemptus ni umugabo ufite imyaka 36, wavukiye mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba ho mu Karere ka Kirehe akaba afite umugore witwa Igihozo Divine bari bamaze imyaka 3 mu munyenga w'urukundo,basezeranye imbere y'amategeko n'imbere y'Imana kuwa kane taliki ya 30 Werurwe 2023, umuhango wabereye ku Murenge wa Rwezamenyo i [[Nyamirambo]] muri Kigali. Uyu munyamakuru kandi, ykoreye ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'itangazamakuru muri 2012 ubwo cyari kikitwa ORINFOR. Kuri we kuba umunyamakuru avuga ko atari ibintu byamugwirirye ahubwo ko yabikundaga kuva kera.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/namukundiye-byinshi-bienvenue-redemptus-yasezeranye-mu-mategeko-numukunzi-we-amafoto-127652</ref> == Amashuri yize == Bienvenue Redemptus yize amashuri abanza ndetse n'ayisumbuye aho afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya Kaminuza(A0), mu mashuri makuru. Yize muri Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda mu ishami ry'itangazamakuru n'itumanaho(Journalism and communication) mu mwaka wa 2012<ref>https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=8d9371b1f2eb8502&sxsrf=ANbL-n4vXP2jbOYuEA-9VsXQ1MeO-_wPEA%3A1781816054249&q=Amashuri+redemptus+yize+age&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQtN-H1pGVAxVbywIHHVifAG4Q1QJ6BAg-EAE&biw=1280&bih=585&dpr=1.5</ref> == Ibihembo yatwaye == Bienvenue Redemptus yahawe ibihembo bitandukanye harimo ikitwa Best TV News Anchor/Rreporter Award mu mwaka wa 2016 na 2018 gihabwa umunyamakuru urusha abandi mu gusoma amakuru kuri Televiziyo.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/bienvenue-redemptus-yasezeranye-kubana-akaramata-n-umukunzi-we</ref> == Amashakiro; == oswe3ww2jb04yp8vebidi7gyvbk7azr 0 22941 136995 134974 2026-09-14T13:10:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136995 wikitext text/x-wiki Kagabo Jean Pierre ni umunyarwanda wamaze imyaka irenga 22 akorera itangazamakuru(Rwanda Broadcasting Agency), yatangiye gukora itangazamakuru mu mwaka wa 2003 RBA ikitwa ORINFOR(Office Rwandais d'Information),aho iri zina ryahinduwe mu mwaka wa 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://magazine.mkur.ac.rw/jean-pierre-kagabo-leaves-rba-after-22-years/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-06-21 |archive-date=2026-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260314121856/https://magazine.mkur.ac.rw/jean-pierre-kagabo-leaves-rba-after-22-years/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri yize == Kagabo Jean Pierre yize amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye aho afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya 3 cya Kaminuza(Master's Degree) yakuye muri Politechnico di Torino mu mwaka wa 2013, mu binyanye n'itumanaho rikoresha ikoranabuhanga ridakenera insinga. Afite n'ubunararibonye n'ubumenyi buhambaye mu bwubatsi n'ubuhanga, itumanaho, AutoCAD, GSM, ndetse n'ikoranabuhanga rya Wireless.<ref>https://rocketreach.co/jean-pierre-kagabo-email_212808606</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2yksy68ysvydqlxlop040onugp1vm34 0 22944 136849 132375 2026-09-14T13:06:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136849 wikitext text/x-wiki Kalinda Viateur yari umunyamakuru wari umuhanga cyane mu mwuga we, kuko yarafite ijwi ryiza ryo kogeza umupira w'amaguru. Yapfuye azize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda.<ref>https://ruhago-impitagihe.com/rw/urutonde-rwabanyamakuru-ba-ruhago-bo-hambere/</ref> == Amateka ya kalinda viateur == Kalinda Viateur yari umuhanga mu mwuga we, abakunzi n'abafana b'umupira baramuzi ndetse baramwibuka kuko yari umuhanga cyane mu kogeza umupira ndetse n'amagambo menshi akoreshwa mu kogeza umupira w'amaguru niwe wayahimbye nka; Rwanyeganyeze(Igitego cyigiyemo), kurengura umupira(Degagement en main), urubuga rw'amahina(surface de reparation), Ruhago(umupira wo gukona"ballon"), Umurongo w'abagatanu(Ligne defensif), Kwamurura inyoni(gutera ishoti ariko umupira ukinyurira hejuru y'izamu kure cyane), n'andi agiye atandukanye avugwa mu gihe cyo kogeza umupira w'amaguru.<ref>https://ruhago-impitagihe.com/wp-content/uploads/Kalinda-Viateur1.jpg</ref> == Amashakiro; == c29wegz8wzk0v5b9j0qzgn3uth74hof 0 22947 136996 135443 2026-09-14T13:10:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136996 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwera Jean Maurise ni umugabo w'imyaka 44 y'amavuko ufite abana 3. Uwera Jean Maurise yatangiye umwuga w'itangazamakuru mu mwaka wa 2011 nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa by'ikorwa ry'ibiganiro muri Flash FM&TV, yari yabanje gukora mu rwego rw'amahoteli n'ubukerarugendo.<ref>https://visionmedia.rw/Cabinet-Appoints-Jean-Maurice-Uwera-as-Deputy-Government-Spokesperson.html</ref> == Ubumenyi afite == Uwera Jean Maurise yize amashuri abanza ndetse n'ayisumbuye, afite impamyabushobozi ya kaminuza mu itangazamakuru n'itumanaho(Journalism and communication) yakuye muri Catholique Institute of Kabgayi.<ref>https://visionmedia.rw/Cabinet-Appoints-Jean-Maurice-Uwera-as-Deputy-Government-Spokesperson.html</ref> == Ibyo akora == Jean Maurise Uwera yashyizwe ku mwanya w'Umuvugizi wungirije wa Guverinoma asimbuye Alain Mukarulinda, witabye Imana mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa 2025. Kuva muri Gashyantare 2025 yari Umuyobozi Mukuru wa 93.9 SK FM, radiyo ikorera i Kigali yibanda ku makuru y'ubucuruzi n'ibiganiro bifitiye rubanda akamaro. Muri uwo mwanya yari ashinzwe kuyobora icyerekezo cya radiyo n'imikorere yayo y'itangazamakuru. Yakoze kuri Flash FM&TV, yakoze kuri RTV(Rwanda Television), ndetse aba n'Umuyobozi wa Radiyo Magic FM.<ref>https://visionmedia.rw/Cabinet-Appoints-Jean-Maurice-Uwera-as-Deputy-Government-Spokesperson.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 4iay2jnbrehtcp30z81ztef6mg19984 0 22952 137040 132538 2026-09-14T13:11:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137040 wikitext text/x-wiki Diez Dola ni umwe mu bahanzi b<nowiki>'ikiragano gishya mu muziki w'u Rwanda, gusa uzwiho gukora imiziki yihariye mu buryo bwe budasanzwe. Amazina ye nyakuri ni Kayumba Caleb yatangiye kumenyekana cyane mu ndirimbo ye yise ''Sad Generation(Dunhill)''</nowiki>, yagiye hanze 2023.<ref>https://ukwelitimes.com/yatwawe-numuziki-areka-ishuri-byinshi-kuri-diez-dola-wahariye-ubuzima-bwe-umuziki</ref> == Amateka ye == Diez Dola yatangiye gukunda umuziki akiri muto kuburyo byatumye ava mu ishuri ageze mu mwaka wa 4 w'amashuri yisumbuye, ahitamo kujya kuwiga mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe. Diez Dola yavutse 2004, avukira mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo, Akarere ka Huye.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=7c3c44d1206346ec&sxsrf=APpeQnvxSJdDjbYDgrpbv-sQFB9W04LdMw%3A1782141368060&q=Diez+Dola+age&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi71rr5kZuVAxVq9QIHHfCOBRcQ1QJ6BAg0EAE&biw=1280&bih=585&dpr=1.5</ref> == Indirimbo ze == Toxic love, what If, Step father, Zangalewa, Ratata.<ref>https://ukwelitimes.com/yatwawe-numuziki-areka-ishuri-byinshi-kuri-diez-dola-wahariye-ubuzima-bwe-umuziki</ref> == Amashakiro; == rts9d79stfshu2ncjoexhujzoj1i0qz 0 22953 136997 132542 2026-09-14T13:10:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136997 wikitext text/x-wiki Umutoni Uwase Belinda ni umwe mu bakobwa bahataniye ikamba rya Nyampinga w'u Rwanda 2017.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uwase-belinda-wahatanye-muri-miss-rwanda-2017-yibarutse-impanga#:~:text=Umutoni%20Uwase%20Belinda%2C%20umwe%20mu,Kabiri%2C%20tariki%2023%20Mutarama%202018. https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uwase-belinda-wahatanye-muri-miss-rwanda-2017-yibarutse-impanga#:~:text=Umutoni%20Uwase%20Belinda%2C%20umwe%20mu,Kabiri%2C%20tariki%2023%20Mutarama%202018.]</ref> == Amateka ye == Umutoni Uwase Belinda wavukiye mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo, akaza no kwiyamamaza nka Nyampinga w'u Rwanda, yasezeranye n'umukunzi we Theo Gakire Ntarugero, umuhango wabereye mu mujyi wa Kigali mu busitani bwa SunSet i Kagugu mu gihe gusezerana imbere y'Imana byabaye taliki 7 Ukwakira 2017. Bafitanye abana b'impanga yibarutse mu ijoro ryo kuwa 2 taliki 23 Mutarama 2018, nyuma y'amezi ane bari bamaze barushinze.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uwase-belinda-wahatanye-muri-miss-rwanda-2017-yibarutse-impanga#:~:text=Umutoni%20Uwase%20Belinda%2C%20umwe%20mu,Kabiri%2C%20tariki%2023%20Mutarama%202018. https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uwase-belinda-wahatanye-muri-miss-rwanda-2017-yibarutse-impanga#:~:text=Umutoni%20Uwase%20Belinda%2C%20umwe%20mu,Kabiri%2C%20tariki%2023%20Mutarama%202018.]</ref> == Amashakiro; == 88jpd858hs3f4mz8ugjehtejblxk70g 0 22954 136850 135759 2026-09-14T13:06:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136850 wikitext text/x-wiki Havugimana Saidi ni umunyarwanda witeje imbere aho yashinze ikigo cyitwa Haji Enterprise izwi mu bucuruzi bw'ibiribwa bihiye cyane cyane amata. Yavutse 1967 afite umugore umwe n'abana 5 (abakobwa 3 n'abahungu 2).<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/dore-urugendo-rurerure-said-havugimana-yagenze-kugira-ngo-agere-kuri-haji-enterprise-izwi-ku-bucuruzi-bw-amata-i-nyanza-57099</ref> == Amashuri yize == Nubwo ari umucuruzi, yize amashuri abanza ndetse n'ayisumbuye aho yize i Runyombyi hafi y'umupaka w'u Rwanda n'Uburundi. Ubu ni umunyeshuri wiga muri Masters mu ishuri rya INLAK mu ishami rya MBA(Masters in Business Administration).<ref name=":0" /> == Ibyo akora == Havugimana Saidi ubu ni umucuruzi ufite ubucuruzi bwamaze kubaka izina aho bita kwa Haji Enterprise iherereye mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo mu Karere ka Nyanza aho acururuza ibiribwa bitetse cyane cyane abantu benshi bazi amata. Aho izina Haji ryavuye, ni Abakongomani bajyaga baza bavuga ko bagiye kwa Haji, biza kurangira abantu bose ariryo zina bahitiriye. Iki kigo cyamaze kwaguka kuko kigira abakozi bagera ku 100 k'umunsi bitewe n'akazi kaba gahari byaba ngombwa bakiyongera. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 6cl1yw7cg2jtf5sh2kpojubxoyz8af8 0 22955 136810 132546 2026-09-14T13:06:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136810 wikitext text/x-wiki Umutesi Vanessa ni Umuyobozi w'Ibikorwa by'Umusaruro(Production Manager) ufite ubunararibonye buhamye, wagaragaje ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa muri Brand Speak Global by'umwihariko mu kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ibiciro by'umusaruro. Afite ubumenyi buhambaye mu gutegura umusaruro no gucunga ibikorwa byawo. Aho yashoboye gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba za Lean Management zafashije kongera umusaruro, kunoza imigendekere no kuzamura imikorere rusange. Afite ubushobozi bwo kuzamura amakipe.<ref>https://rw.bold.pro/my/vanessa-umutesi</ref> == Amashakiro; == regwtlf5xgx425p3x2u843w7rofvu2s 0 22960 136811 132600 2026-09-14T13:06:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136811 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhawenayo Gad ni umunyarwanda ukina umupira w'amaguru . Yavutse taliki 30 Ugushyingo 1995. Yakiniraga ikipe ya Gorilla FC nyuma aza kwerekeza muri Marine. Mu mwaka ushize 2025/26 ntabwo Muhawenimana Gad yabonye umwanya uhagije wo gukina, dore ko yakinnye imikino 16 yo muri BK Pro League, itandatu muri iyo akaba atari yo yinijijwe igitego. Izamu rye ryinjiyemo ibitego 18.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/sindi-paul-jesus-na-muhawenayo-gad-berekeje-muri-marine-fc</ref> == Amakipe yakiniye == Musanze FC yayikiniye nk'umunyezamu w'imena, nyuma yerekeza muri Gorilla FC, yongera gusinya amasezerano muri Marine y'imyaka 2, yanatangajwe nk'umukinnyi mushya wa APR FC.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro; == 84b9i5yfcrjo2qzercmcb8plljdtrrg 0 22969 136851 132665 2026-09-14T13:06:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136851 wikitext text/x-wiki Habukuyabaho Hyacinth uzwi nka Gitefano ni umugabo w'imyaka 48 wavukiye i Muhanga mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo, afite abana batanu(5) umwana we mukuru afite imyaka 22 naho umuhererezi afite imyaka itandatu(6). Uyu Gitefano amaze kwamamara mu ikinamico Urunana, ni umwe mu bakinnyi bakunze kugaruka cyane mu mitwe ya benshi iyo hagize uhingutsa iby'iyi kinamico ikundwa n'ingeri zitandukanye z'ababasha kumva Ikinyarwanda.<ref name=":0">[https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ubuzima-bwa-gitefano-wari-ukubitiwe-n-abagore-ku-itabaro-azizwa-ibyo-yakinnye#:~:text=Ubusanzwe%20yitwa%20Habakubaho%20Hyacinthe%2C%20ni,22%20naho%20umuto%20afite%20itandatu. https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ubuzima-bwa-gitefano-wari-ukubitiwe-n-abagore-ku-itabaro-azizwa-ibyo-yakinnye#:~:text=Ubusanzwe%20yitwa%20Habakubaho%20Hyacinthe%2C%20ni,22%20naho%20umuto%20afite%20itandatu.]</ref> == Amashuri yize == Habukuyabaho Hyacinth amashuri abanza yayize aho bita ku Kivumu i Musambira mu Karere ka Kamonyi aho ababyeyi bimukiye ubwo yari akiri muto; ayisumbuye ayiga muri Ecole Technique de Save, ayasoreza mu Urwunge rw'amashuri Ndangaburezi ruherereye mu Ruhango.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibyo akora == Hyacinth yatangiiye gukina ikinamico kuva mu buto bwe, impano igenda ikura mpaka ageze muri ORINFOR aho yatangiriye kuyikuza no kuyimenyekanisha ku rwego rw'igihugu. Yatangiye iby'ikinamico kera akiri umwana muto yiga mu mashuri abanza mu 1983 aho yajyaga kwitoreza mu kigo cy'Abafurere mu muryango wa Andre Kagwa i Kabgayi. Mu mashuri yisumbuye yabyinjiyemo neza mu Ukwakira 1994, ubwo yajyaga gukora akazi k'ubutekenisiye muri Orinfor ubu yahindutse RBA. Ubu ni umutekenisiye mu kigo cy'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru RBA, abikomatanya no gukina amakinamico mu Urunana, Umurage ndetse no mu Indamutsa.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro; == lvlsmopnduz227sx2kl1d3rqzg7pqyj 0 22970 136998 132693 2026-09-14T13:10:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136998 wikitext text/x-wiki Nyirabagande Drocelle Fridaus wamamaye cyane mu ikinamico Urunana uzwi ku izina rya Langwida yitabye Imana ku myaka 64, ibi byabaye taliki ya 7 Kamena 2026 azize uburwayi bikekwa ko ari umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.<ref name=":0">https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/langwida-wamamaye-mu-ikinamico-urunana-yitabye-imana-ku-myaka-64/</ref> == Amateka ye == Nyirabagande Drocelle Fridaus wari uzwi ku izina rya Langwida, yari atuye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge mu Murenge wa Nyamirambo mu Kagari ka Rugarama, mu Mudugudu wa Itetero. Langwida yatangiye kwiyumvamo impano yo gukina ikinamico ubwo yigaga mu mashuri abanza. Mu 1996, nibwo yagaragaje impano ye yo gukina, aho yatangiye akina mu itsinda rikorera mu muryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu aho bakinaga imikino ku ihohoterwa ryakorerwaga abagore. Mu 2000 nibwo yinjiye mu bakinnyi b'Urunana, muri uwo mukino ubu akaba yari afite abana babiri, Anyesi na Shyaka n'abuzukuru batatu barimo na Lupesu(Lopez), umukobwa we Anyesi yabyariye iwabo.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro; == cqnelr2f378dqzd6ks6ib91i60tcjv2 0 22991 136999 135356 2026-09-14T13:10:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136999 wikitext text/x-wiki Bertrand Ndengeyingoma ni Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo muri Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda(BNR).<ref>https://igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/article/ibitero-byo-kuri-internet-n-ahazaza-h-ikoranabuhanga-muri-bnr-ikiganiro-na</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Bertrand Ndengeyingoma afite imyaka 33, yashakanye n'umukobwa wa Perezida Kagame Paul witwa Angel Kagame aho ibirori by'ubukwe bwabo byabaye muri Nyakanga 2019 ubu bamaze kwibaruka abana babiri.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ange-kagame-numugabo-we-bertrand-ndengeyingoma-batoye-bwa-mbere-kuva-babanye-amafoto-144976</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 35r75yqish62p6p76s50w3s6zpyke90 0 22999 136960 133514 2026-09-14T13:09:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136960 wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyamakuru Fidele Kajugiro Sebarinda wamenyekanye cyane mu mikino kuri radiyo Rwanda mu myaka yashize yitabye Imana azize uburwayi, inkuru y'urupfu rwe yamenyekanye mu ijoro ryo kuwa gatandatu taliki ya 13 Kamena 2026.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/fidele-kajugiro-sebarinda-yitabye-imana</ref> == Amateka ye == Fidele Kajugiro Sebarinda yakoze kuri ORINFOR ubu yabaye RBA(Rwanda Broadcasting Agency), nyuma arahava ajya gukorera komite Olempika. Uyu mugabo yasize umugore umwe n'umwana umwe, akaba yarareze abandi bana benshi bo mu muryango we bari barasigaye ari imfubyi za Jenoside Yakoreye Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda. Fidele yakundaga akazi, agakunda kwitabira imikino ya Volleyball cyane, yakundaga abantu ndetse agakora akazi ke neza kugeza ibintu bigenze neza. Yari umufana wa Mukura Victory Sports.<ref>https://umuseke.rw/umunyamakuru-kajugiro-sebalinda-wakoreye-orinfor-yapfuye/</ref> == Amashakiro; == 5c4mwvqtoy9o6lc4gztklgpfujrgg6c 0 23018 137000 135253 2026-09-14T13:10:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137000 wikitext text/x-wiki Kagarara uzwi ku izina rya Uwizeye Enock ni umunyarwanda wamenyekanye cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga aho mu minsi yashize yahuye n'umunyamerika Ashton Hall nawe wamamaye cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga kubera gukora siporo zidasanzwe by'umwihariko kwiruka.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ashton-hall-yahaye-kagarara-imodoka-na-miliyoni-7-frw-amafoto</ref> == Impano yahawe == Kagarara nyuma yo kumenyana n'uyu Ashton Hall ndetse n'undi witwa Indian Ashton Hall bazengurutse ibice bitandukanye byo mu Mujyi wa Kigali kuwa 10 Nyakanga 2026 mu bikorwa bya Ashton Hall byo kuzenguruka Africa. Ni ibikorwa bakoze guhera mu gitondo cyo kuwa 10 Nyakanga 2026 aho uyu munyamerika na Kagarara wahawe izina rya Ashton Small na Indian Ashton Hall basuye BK Arena bakinana nabo bahasanze umukino wa Basketball, bakomereje kuri Stade Amahoro, bahava bajya muri Zaria Court, nyuma basura Kigali Universe ari naho batunguriye Kagarara bamuha imodoka na cheque ya 5000$. Ni ibintu byatunguye Kagarara(Ashton Small) cyane ndetse agaragaza amarangamutima.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} a5a5xq99rf2dku2tj6h495o7baj1nx8 0 23020 137071 136124 2026-09-14T13:12:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 137071 wikitext text/x-wiki Musenyeri Celestin Hakizimana Yavutse ku wa '''14 Kanama 1963''' i Kigali, avukira muri Paruwasi ya Sainte Famille muri arc diyoseze ya kigali. == Amashuri yize == Amashuri abanza yayize i Kigali muri paruwasi ya Sainte Famille .'''Amashuri yisumbuye''' yayize mu '''Iseminari Nto ya Mutagatifu Visenti''' (Petit Séminaire Saint Vincent) i Rulindo kuva mu mwaka wa 1977 kugeza mu 1983.Nanone yize mu '''Iseminari Nkuru (Imyiteguro)''' mumwaka w'imyiteguro (Propédeutique) muri '''seminari Nkuru ya Rutongo.''' 0nb7g18tdxw1h4brebesv8jvep6k881 0 23022 136888 133777 2026-09-14T13:07:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136888 wikitext text/x-wiki Udushya mu gikombe cy'isi cya 2026 dukomeje kwiyongera uko iki gikombe kigenda kigera ku mpera , nibwo bwa mbere kuva urutonde rwa FIFA (FIFA World Rankings) rwatangira mu 1992, amakipe ane ya mbere ku rutonde rwa FIFA yose yageze muri kimwe cya kabiri cy'irangiza .<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cqlexn52489o</ref> == Amakipe ane yageze muri kimqwe cya kabiri kirangiza ni<ref>https://kglnews.com/urutonde-ngaruka-kwezi-rwa-fifa-rwamakipe-yibihugu-u-rwanda-ntirwatirimutse-menya-uko-ruhagaze-kwisi-hose-argentina-portugal-france-brezil-senegal/</ref> == # Igihugu cy' Argentine # Igihugu cy' Ubufaransa # Igihugu cy' Esupanye(spain) # Igihugu cy' Ubwongereza == Amashakiro == s49l3tl5hv4c9my3umgs4u8lpasb6of 0 23023 136812 133785 2026-09-14T13:06:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136812 wikitext text/x-wiki Shampiyona y'ikiciro cya mbere mu rwanda yahinduriwe izina ikitwa BK Pro League yatanze ibihembo k'ubakinnyi n' abatoza bitwaye neza mu mwaka w'imikino wa 2026.<ref name=":0">https://umunota.com/live_updates/bk-pro-league-awards-2026-gutanga-ibihembo-ku-bakinnyi-nabatoza-bitwaye-neza-muri-bk-pro-league-2025-26/</ref> == Abatwaye ibihembo by' abitwaye neza == === 1.Umukinnyi w'umwaka (Best player of the season): === Jean Cloude Girumugisha umukinnyi ukomoka mu gihugu cy' u Burundi ukinira ikipe ya Al Hilal sc yo mugihugu cya sudani. Aho yahembwe imodoka ifite agaciro ka miriyoni 15 z' amanyarwanda .<ref name=":0" /> === 2. Umukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi ( Top scorer): === Cheick Outtara Djibril umukinnyi ukomoka mu gihugu cya Uganda ukinira ikipe ya APR aho yatsinze ibitego 18.<ref name=":0" /> === 3. Umutoza w' umwaka (Coach of the Year): === Umutoza Laurentio <mark>'''Aurelian Reghecampf'''</mark> wa Al Hilal sc<ref name=":1">https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/girumugisha-yabaye-umukinnyi-w-umwaka-muri-shampiyona-y-u-rwanda-ahembwa</ref> === 4.Umunyezamu w' umwaka( Best Goalkeeper): === === <mark>'''jamesBienvenue Desire Djayoyang'''</mark> ukinira kiyovu sports. === == Ikipe y'umwaka muri BK Pro League<ref name=":1" /> == UMUNYEZAMU: James desire( Kiyovu Sports) BA MYUGARIRO: Jean Gilbert Byiringiro(APR FC), Ernest Ruzoro(Al Hilal sc), Mustapha Mohamed(Al Hila sc), Mustapha Mohamed (Al Hilal sc), Daba Sogoba(Al Merrikh sc)<ref name=":1" /> ABAKINA HAGATI: El Hadji Madick Kane(Al Hilal sc), Joseph Sackey(Mukura Vs), Jules Razafimaro(Al Merrikh sc)<ref name=":2">https://umuseke.rw/al-hilal-yihariye-ibihembo-mu-byatanzwe-na-bk-pro-league/</ref> BA RUTAHIZAMU: Jean Cloude Girumugisha(Al Hilal sc), Mbonyumwami Taiba(Marine Fc), Djibril Outtara(APR FC) <ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == 9hxsx7o01suqrk8hfcr17zk5urbycp7 0 23042 136961 134485 2026-09-14T13:09:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora imitwe yanditswe mu nyuguti nkuru zose: gusigasira inyuguti nkuru aho gusa bikenewe (sigles, amazina, ahantu) 136961 wikitext text/x-wiki == CECAFA Kagame Cup == CECAFA KAGAME CUP ni irushanwa rihuza amakipe akomeye uo muri Afurika y'iburasirazuba no hagati (CECAFA ZONE). Mu 2026 ryabereye i Kigali, Rwanda kuva ku wa 24 Nyakanga kugeza ku wa 7 Kanama 2026 , ikaba ari imikino yakiniwe ku bibuga aribyo Amahoro stadium na Kigali Pele stadium.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/football/article/rayon-sports-yongeye-gutwara-cecafa-kagame-cup-nyuma-y-imyaka-28-amafoto</ref> Iri rushanwa ryitabiriwe n'amakipe 12 yaragabanyije mu matsinda atatu(3)<ref name=":0">https://cecafaonline.com/nshimiyimana-scoops-best-player-award-in-cecafa-kagame-cup/</ref> ==== Itsinda 1 ==== * APR FC(Rwanda) * Vipers SC(Uganda) * Gor Mahia FC( kenya) * Garde Republicaine(Djibout) ==== Itsinda 2 ==== * Singida Black Stars(Tanzania) * Simba SC(Tanzania) * Jamus SC(Sudani y'Epfo) * Mogadishu city club(Somalia) ==== Itsinda 3 ==== * Al Hilal(Sudan) * Rayon Sports(Rwanda) * Tusker FC(Kenya) * KVZ FC(Zanzibal) Rayon Sport yaherukaga kugitwara mu 1988, yongeye kugitwara hashize imyaka 28 itsinze Gor Mahia yashakaag icya Kane ibitego 2 kuri 1. <ref name=":1">https://citizen.digital/article/rayon-sports-sink-gor-mahia-in-extra-time-to-lift-cecafa-kagame-cup-n387926</ref> == Udushya twabaye muri CECAFA KAGAME CUP 2026<ref name=":0" /> == Iri rushanwa ryatangiye ikipe ya APR Fc ikubitwa ibitego 5 na Gor Mahia mu mukino wafunguye irir rushanwa. Jamus Fc ikipe yaje ititezweho byinshi yabaye imwe mu makipe yatangaje abantu cyane kubera ukuntu yitwaye neza bikaza no kuyiha amahirwe yo gukina imikino ya kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza.<ref name=":1" /> Bimwe kubyo wamenya ku bakinnyi bahize abandi , Emmanuel Nshimiyimana kapiteni wa Rayon Sport yahawe igihembo cya Best Player of CECAFA Kagame cup 2026 kubera uruhare rukomeye yagize mu gufasha Rayons Sport kwegukan igikombe ndetse ikipe ya Al Hilar yatwaye umwanya wa 3 itsinze Jamus FC<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == 1q1aipi0pfu0yzckktsxw2pd2m2y3t2 0 23076 137141 2026-09-15T06:22:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 guhindura mu rw 137141 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" |+ '''Mausole ya Sarakawa''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Dosiye:Mausolée de sarakawa -Togo 03.jpg|250px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | Ibisigazwa by'indege bibitswe kuri uru rwibutso |- ! Izina mu Gifaransa | ''Mausolée de Sarakawa'' |- ! Ubwoko | Urwibutso |- ! Aho ruherereye | Sarakawa, Kozah 2, [[Perefegitura ya Kozah]], [[Intara ya Kara]] |- ! Igihugu | [[Togo]] |- ! Icyo rwibutsa | Abaguye mu [[Impanuka y'indege ya gisirikare ya Togo yo mu 1974|mpanuka y'indege yo mu 1974]] |} '''Mausole ya Sarakawa''' (mu [[Igifaransa|Gifaransa]]: ''Mausolée de Sarakawa'') ni ahantu h'urwibutso haherereye i Sarakawa, muri komine ya Kozah 2, mu [[Perefegitura ya Kozah]], [[Intara ya Kara]], muri [[Togo]]. Hibutsa [[Impanuka y'indege ya gisirikare ya Togo yo mu 1974|impanuka y'indege yabaye ku wa 24 Mutarama 1974]], ubwo indege y'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za Togo yari itwaye Perezida [[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]] n'abandi bayobozi yagwaga hafi ya Sarakawa. Eyadéma yararokotse, ariko abantu benshi bari muri iyo ndege barapfa. Aho hantu h'urwibutso harimo ibisigazwa by'indege, igishushanyo cya Gnassingbé Eyadéma n'inzibutso zahariwe abapfiriye muri iyo mpanuka. Ni na ho hakorerwa buri mwaka imihango ya Leta yo kwibuka ibyabaye. == Amateka == Ku wa 24 Mutarama 1974, indege yo mu bwoko bwa [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain]] y'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za Togo, yari itwaye Perezida [[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]] hamwe n'abayobozi benshi ba politiki n'abasirikare, yakoze impanuka hafi ya Sarakawa ubwo yavaga i [[Lomé]] yerekeza i [[Pya, Togo|Pya]]. Eyadéma yararokotse, ariko abantu benshi bari muri iyo ndege barapfa.<ref name="BnF">{{Cite web |title=Crash de Sarakawa (1974) |trans-title=Impanuka ya Sarakawa (1974) |url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12699358n |website=Catalogue général |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> Nyuma y'impanuka, Eyadéma yavuze ko yari yaratewe n'igikorwa cyo kwangiza indege, kijyanye n'amakimbirane yari ashingiye ku bucukuzi bwa [[fosifate]] muri Togo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu mihango yemewe ya Leta ya Togo, ibyabaye byakunze kwitwa ''igitero cya Sarakawa'' (mu Gifaransa: ''attentat de Sarakawa''), nubwo izindi nyandiko zibifata nk'impanuka y'indege.<ref name="BnF" /> Mausole yubatswe nyuma y'iyo mpanuka, maze igenda itunganywa kugira ngo ibe urwibutso rw'igihugu n'ahantu hakorerwa imihango yo kwibuka.<ref name="TogoGov2021">{{Cite web |title=Le mausolée de Sarakawa bientôt rénové |trans-title=Mausole ya Sarakawa igiye kuvugururwa |url=https://www.republiquetogolaise.tg/politique/1702-5162-le-mausolee-de-sarakawa-bientot-renove |website=République Togolaise |date=2021-02-17 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Urwibutso == Ahantu h'urwibutso harimo ibisigazwa by'indege yakoze impanuka. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku kamaro ka politiki n'ibimenyetso byubatswe ku mateka ya Sarakawa bugaragaza ko ibisigazwa by'indege ari kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize urwo rwibutso.<ref name="Lissouck2000">{{Cite book |last=Lissouck |first=Félix François |title=Pluralisme politique et droit en Afrique noire francophone: essai sur les dimensions institutionnelles et administratives de la démocratisation en Afrique noire francophone |type=Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga |publisher=Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 |date=2000 |page=48 |url=https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2000_out_lissouck_f.pdf |language=fr }}</ref> Aho hantu kandi hari igishushanyo cya Gnassingbé Eyadéma ahagaze, gikikijwe n'ahantu hatatu h'urwibutso hari amafoto y'abajenerali batatu bapfiriye muri iyo mpanuka.<ref name="TogoFirst2020">{{Cite web |last=Akoda |first=Séna |title=Togo: une dotation budgétaire de 25 millions FCFA pour la réhabilitation du mausolée de Sarakawa |trans-title=Togo: miliyoni 25 z'amafaranga CFA zagenewe kuvugurura Mausole ya Sarakawa |url=https://www.togofirst.com/fr/gestion-publique/2402-5001-togo-une-dotation-budgetaire-de-25-millions-fcfa-pour-la-rehabilitation-du-mausolee-de-sarakawa |website=Togo First |date=2020-02-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Imihango yo kwibuka == Imihango yemewe yo kwibuka ibyabaye ikorerwa kuri mausole hafi y'itariki ya 24 Mutarama buri mwaka, ari yo sabukuru y'impanuka. Ubusanzwe iyo mihango irimo gushyira indabo ku rwibutso no guha icyubahiro abapfiriye muri iyo mpanuka.<ref name="ATOP2024">{{Cite news |title=Kozah/50ème anniversaire de l’attentat de Sarakawa : le chef de l’Etat dépose une gerbe de fleurs au mausolée du site de l’accident |trans-title=Kozah: Umukuru w'igihugu yashyize indabo kuri mausole mu muhango wo kwibuka imyaka 50 y'ibyabereye i Sarakawa |url=https://atop.tg/kozah-50eme-anniversaire-de-lattentat-de-sarakawa-le-chef-de-letat-depose-une-gerbe-de-fleurs-au-mausolee-du-site-de-laccident/ |work=[[Agence Togolaise de Presse]] |date=2024-01-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> Abayobozi bakuru ba politiki, ubutegetsi, igisirikare n'abayobozi gakondo bakunze kwitabira iyo mihango. [[Faure Gnassingbé]] yayoboye imihango myinshi yo kwibuka yabereye aho. Mu muhango wo kwizihiza isabukuru ya 52 wabaye muri Mutarama 2026, yashyize indabo kuri mausole ari Perezida w'Inama.<ref name="Council2026">{{Cite web |title=Le Président du Conseil préside la commémoration du 52ème anniversaire de l’attentat de Sarakawa |trans-title=Perezida w'Inama yayoboye umuhango wo kwibuka imyaka 52 y'ibyabereye i Sarakawa |url=https://presidenceduconseil.gouv.tg/2026/01/25/le-president-du-conseil-preside-la-commemoration-du-52eme-anniversaire-de-lattentat-de-sarakawa/ |website=Présidence du Conseil |date=2026-01-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Gusana no kuvugurura == Mausole ya Sarakawa yagiye isanwa kandi ivugururwa inshuro zitandukanye. Mu 2020, Guverinoma ya Togo yagennye miliyoni 25 z'[[ifaranga CFA ryo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba|amafaranga CFA]] kugira ngo hakorwe imirimo yo kuyisana.<ref name="TogoFirst2020" /> Muri Gashyantare 2021, Guverinoma yatangaje indi gahunda yo kuvugurura urwibutso, imirimo yari iteganyijwe kumara amezi atatu.<ref name="TogoGov2021" /> Mu 2025, Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo n'Imirimo ya Leta yongeye gutangaza isoko ry'imirimo yo kuvugurura Mausole ya Sarakawa.<ref name="RevueInfo2025">{{Cite web |title=Togo : Le mausolée de Sarakawa sera rénové |trans-title=Togo: Mausole ya Sarakawa izavugururwa |url=https://www.revueinfo.tg/2025/07/togo-le-mausolee-de-sarakawa-sera-renove.html |website=Revue Info |date=2025-07-09 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} == Imigereka == === Reba kandi === * [[Impanuka y'indege ya gisirikare ya Togo yo mu 1974]] * [[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]] * [[Amateka ya Togo]] === Ibindi byo gusoma === * {{Cite book |last=Toulabor |first=Comi M. |title=Le Togo sous Eyadéma |publisher=Karthala |location=Paris |year=1986 |isbn=2-86537-150-6 |language=fr }} === Imiyoboro yo hanze === * [[commons:Category:Mausolée de Sarakawa|Amafoto ya Mausole ya Sarakawa kuri Wikimedia Commons]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sarakawa, Mausole}} [[Category:Togo]] j5i9u4jmtinh1q47u22enx1s7xjsrhp 137142 137141 2026-09-15T06:24:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 137142 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="float:right; clear:right; width:22em; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;" |+ style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;" | Mausole ya Sarakawa |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Dosiye:Mausolée de sarakawa -Togo 03.jpg|frameless|250px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | Ibisigazwa by'indege bibitswe kuri uru rwibutso |- ! style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" | Izina mu Gifaransa | ''Mausolée de Sarakawa'' |- ! style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" | Ubwoko | Urwibutso |- ! style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" | Aho ruherereye | Sarakawa, Kozah 2, [[Perefegitura ya Kozah]], [[Intara ya Kara]] |- ! style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" | Igihugu | [[Togo]] |- ! style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;" | Icyo rwibutsa | Abaguye mu [[Impanuka y'indege ya gisirikare ya Togo yo mu 1974|mpanuka y'indege yo mu 1974]] |} '''Mausole ya Sarakawa''' (mu [[Igifaransa|Gifaransa]]: ''Mausolée de Sarakawa'') ni ahantu h'urwibutso haherereye i Sarakawa, muri komine ya Kozah 2, mu [[Perefegitura ya Kozah]], [[Intara ya Kara]], muri [[Togo]]. Hibutsa [[Impanuka y'indege ya gisirikare ya Togo yo mu 1974|impanuka y'indege yabaye ku wa 24 Mutarama 1974]], ubwo indege y'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za Togo yari itwaye Perezida [[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]] n'abandi bayobozi yagwaga hafi ya Sarakawa. Eyadéma yararokotse, ariko abantu benshi bari muri iyo ndege barapfa. Aho hantu h'urwibutso harimo ibisigazwa by'indege, igishushanyo cya Gnassingbé Eyadéma n'inzibutso zahariwe abapfiriye muri iyo mpanuka. Ni na ho hakorerwa buri mwaka imihango ya Leta yo kwibuka ibyabaye. == Amateka == Ku wa 24 Mutarama 1974, indege yo mu bwoko bwa [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain]] y'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za Togo, yari itwaye Perezida [[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]] hamwe n'abayobozi benshi ba politiki n'abasirikare, yakoze impanuka hafi ya Sarakawa ubwo yavaga i [[Lomé]] yerekeza i [[Pya, Togo|Pya]]. Eyadéma yararokotse, ariko abantu benshi bari muri iyo ndege barapfa.<ref name="BnF">{{Cite web |title=Crash de Sarakawa (1974) |trans-title=Impanuka ya Sarakawa (1974) |url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12699358n |website=Catalogue général |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> Nyuma y'impanuka, Eyadéma yavuze ko yari yaratewe n'igikorwa cyo kwangiza indege, kijyanye n'amakimbirane yari ashingiye ku bucukuzi bwa [[fosifate]] muri Togo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu mihango yemewe ya Leta ya Togo, ibyabaye byakunze kwitwa ''igitero cya Sarakawa'' (mu Gifaransa: ''attentat de Sarakawa''), nubwo izindi nyandiko zibifata nk'impanuka y'indege.<ref name="BnF" /> Mausole yubatswe nyuma y'iyo mpanuka, maze igenda itunganywa kugira ngo ibe urwibutso rw'igihugu n'ahantu hakorerwa imihango yo kwibuka.<ref name="TogoGov2021">{{Cite web |title=Le mausolée de Sarakawa bientôt rénové |trans-title=Mausole ya Sarakawa igiye kuvugururwa |url=https://www.republiquetogolaise.tg/politique/1702-5162-le-mausolee-de-sarakawa-bientot-renove |website=République Togolaise |date=2021-02-17 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Urwibutso == Ahantu h'urwibutso harimo ibisigazwa by'indege yakoze impanuka. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku kamaro ka politiki n'ibimenyetso byubatswe ku mateka ya Sarakawa bugaragaza ko ibisigazwa by'indege ari kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize urwo rwibutso.<ref name="Lissouck2000">{{Cite book |last=Lissouck |first=Félix François |title=Pluralisme politique et droit en Afrique noire francophone: essai sur les dimensions institutionnelles et administratives de la démocratisation en Afrique noire francophone |type=Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga |publisher=Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 |date=2000 |page=48 |url=https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2000_out_lissouck_f.pdf |language=fr }}</ref> Aho hantu kandi hari igishushanyo cya Gnassingbé Eyadéma ahagaze, gikikijwe n'ahantu hatatu h'urwibutso hari amafoto y'abajenerali batatu bapfiriye muri iyo mpanuka.<ref name="TogoFirst2020">{{Cite web |last=Akoda |first=Séna |title=Togo: une dotation budgétaire de 25 millions FCFA pour la réhabilitation du mausolée de Sarakawa |trans-title=Togo: miliyoni 25 z'amafaranga CFA zagenewe kuvugurura Mausole ya Sarakawa |url=https://www.togofirst.com/fr/gestion-publique/2402-5001-togo-une-dotation-budgetaire-de-25-millions-fcfa-pour-la-rehabilitation-du-mausolee-de-sarakawa |website=Togo First |date=2020-02-24 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Imihango yo kwibuka == Imihango yemewe yo kwibuka ibyabaye ikorerwa kuri mausole hafi y'itariki ya 24 Mutarama buri mwaka, ari yo sabukuru y'impanuka. Ubusanzwe iyo mihango irimo gushyira indabo ku rwibutso no guha icyubahiro abapfiriye muri iyo mpanuka.<ref name="ATOP2024">{{Cite news |title=Kozah/50ème anniversaire de l’attentat de Sarakawa : le chef de l’Etat dépose une gerbe de fleurs au mausolée du site de l’accident |trans-title=Kozah: Umukuru w'igihugu yashyize indabo kuri mausole mu muhango wo kwibuka imyaka 50 y'ibyabereye i Sarakawa |url=https://atop.tg/kozah-50eme-anniversaire-de-lattentat-de-sarakawa-le-chef-de-letat-depose-une-gerbe-de-fleurs-au-mausolee-du-site-de-laccident/ |work=[[Agence Togolaise de Presse]] |date=2024-01-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> Abayobozi bakuru ba politiki, ubutegetsi, igisirikare n'abayobozi gakondo bakunze kwitabira iyo mihango. [[Faure Gnassingbé]] yayoboye imihango myinshi yo kwibuka yabereye aho. Mu muhango wo kwizihiza isabukuru ya 52 wabaye muri Mutarama 2026, yashyize indabo kuri mausole ari Perezida w'Inama.<ref name="Council2026">{{Cite web |title=Le Président du Conseil préside la commémoration du 52ème anniversaire de l’attentat de Sarakawa |trans-title=Perezida w'Inama yayoboye umuhango wo kwibuka imyaka 52 y'ibyabereye i Sarakawa |url=https://presidenceduconseil.gouv.tg/2026/01/25/le-president-du-conseil-preside-la-commemoration-du-52eme-anniversaire-de-lattentat-de-sarakawa/ |website=Présidence du Conseil |date=2026-01-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Gusana no kuvugurura == Mausole ya Sarakawa yagiye isanwa kandi ivugururwa inshuro zitandukanye. Mu 2020, Guverinoma ya Togo yagennye miliyoni 25 z'[[ifaranga CFA ryo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba|amafaranga CFA]] kugira ngo hakorwe imirimo yo kuyisana.<ref name="TogoFirst2020" /> Muri Gashyantare 2021, Guverinoma yatangaje indi gahunda yo kuvugurura urwibutso, imirimo yari iteganyijwe kumara amezi atatu.<ref name="TogoGov2021" /> Mu 2025, Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo n'Imirimo ya Leta yongeye gutangaza isoko ry'imirimo yo kuvugurura Mausole ya Sarakawa.<ref name="RevueInfo2025">{{Cite web |title=Togo : Le mausolée de Sarakawa sera rénové |trans-title=Togo: Mausole ya Sarakawa izavugururwa |url=https://www.revueinfo.tg/2025/07/togo-le-mausolee-de-sarakawa-sera-renove.html |website=Revue Info |date=2025-07-09 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} == Imigereka == === Reba kandi === * [[Impanuka y'indege ya gisirikare ya Togo yo mu 1974]] * [[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]] * [[Amateka ya Togo]] === Ibindi byo gusoma === * {{Cite book |last=Toulabor |first=Comi M. |title=Le Togo sous Eyadéma |publisher=Karthala |location=Paris |year=1986 |isbn=2-86537-150-6 |language=fr }} === Imiyoboro yo hanze === * [[commons:Category:Mausolée de Sarakawa|Amafoto ya Mausole ya Sarakawa kuri Wikimedia Commons]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sarakawa, Mausole}} [[Category:Togo]] 9daiej8b4udxovjxo3h5c2tyzyo63sz 0 23077 137146 2026-09-15T07:48:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Short description|Ahantu hari ibishushanyo byo ku rutare mu majyaruguru ya Togo}} {{Infobox | above = Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga | image = [[File:Peintures rupestres de Namoudjoga au Togo 17.jpg|250px]] | caption = Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga | label1 = Aho biherereye | data1 = Namoudjoga, hafi ya [[Dapaong]], [[Togo]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Savanes Region, Togo|Intara ya Savanes]] | label3 = Ubwoko | data3 = Ahantu h'ubuhanzi bwo..." 137146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ahantu hari ibishushanyo byo ku rutare mu majyaruguru ya Togo}} {{Infobox | above = Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga | image = [[File:Peintures rupestres de Namoudjoga au Togo 17.jpg|250px]] | caption = Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga | label1 = Aho biherereye | data1 = Namoudjoga, hafi ya [[Dapaong]], [[Togo]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Savanes Region, Togo|Intara ya Savanes]] | label3 = Ubwoko | data3 = Ahantu h'[[ubuhanzi bwo ku rutare]] | label4 = Byavumbuwe | data4 = 1990 }} '''Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga''' ni itsinda ry'[[ubuhanzi bwo ku rutare|ibishushanyo byo ku rutare]] biri ku misozi ya Namoudjoga, mu [[Savanes Region, Togo|Ntara ya Savanes]], mu majyaruguru ya [[Togo]], hafi ya [[Dapaong]]. Ibyo bishushanyo biri ku rutare runini rwikinga kandi bigaragaza abantu, inyamaswa, abagendera ku mafarashi n'ibimenyetso bya jewometiri. Ni bimwe mu hantu henshi hari ubuhanzi bwo ku rutare mu karere ka Dapaong, harimo n'ibishushanyo byo muri Sogou na Maogdjoal. == Ibisobanuro == === Aho biherereye === Ahantu ha Namoudjoga hari nko ku bilometero 25 kugeza kuri 30 mu burasirazuba bwa Dapaong, hafi y'umudugudu wa Namoudjoga, ku muhanda uva Dapaong ujya Namoudjoga unyuze i Korbongou.<ref name="TogoTourisme">{{Cite web |title=Les peintures rupestres de Namoudjoga et Sogou |url=https://togotourisme.tg/site/les-peintures-rupestres-de-namoudjoga-et-sogou/ |website=Togo Tourisme |publisher=Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Togo |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Hari nko ku bilometero 25 uvuye i Dapaong.<ref name="JSVD">{{Cite web |title=Tourisme |url=http://jsvd-togo.org/tourisme/ |website=J.S.V.D |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241105005910/http://jsvd-togo.org/tourisme/ |archive-date=5 November 2024 |url-status=dead |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Ibishushanyo biri ku rutare runini rwakozwe n'ibidukikije, rufite isura isa n'iy'ikinyabihumyo kandi rukaba rumeze nk'[[ubwihisho bwo ku rutare]].<ref name="TogoTourisme" /> Ahandi hari ibishushanyo byo ku rutare muri ako karere harimo imisozi ya Sodjoual i Sogou na Maogdjoal, mu karere kagari ka Dapaong.<ref name="DapaongMuseum">{{Cite web |title=Musee Regional des Savanes – Peinture rupestre |url=https://dapaong-museum.de/musee_regional_des_savanes_04.html |website=Musée Régional des Savanes |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Ibyo bishushanyo bigaragaza abantu, inyamaswa, abagendera ku mafarashi n'ibimenyetso bya jewometiri.<ref name="DapaongMuseum" /><ref name="TogoTourisme" /> I Namoudjoga havugwa amatsinda ane y'ibishushanyo. Itsinda rya mbere ririmo umuntu ugendera ku ifarashi, inyamaswa ebyiri, umuntu n'ibimenyetso bibiri bya jewometiri bitaramenyekana neza. Itsinda rya kabiri rigaragaza umuntu ugendera ku ifarashi hamwe n'amafarashi abiri, naho itsinda rya kane ririmo abantu bagera kuri batanu bagendera ku mafarashi n'umuntu uhagaze.<ref name="TogoTourisme" /> Ahantu ha Sogou hegeranye na Namoudjoga hari ibice byinshi by'amabuye bishushanyijeho. Mu bimenyetso byanditswe ko bihari harimo imirongo ihagaze n'iryamye, imirongo y'utudomo, inziga, utudomo twihariye, abagendera ku mafarashi n'inyamaswa, hamwe n'ibimenyetso bya jewometiri n'ibishushanyo by'abantu n'inyamaswa.<ref name="Wakabi">{{Cite web |title=Les peintures rupestres de Namoudjoga : Trésor méconnu du Togo |url=https://wakabileguide.com/blog/les-peintures-rupestres-de-namoudjoga-togo |website=Wakabi |date=13 April 2025 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> === Imiterere y'ubucukumbuzi === Hafi y'ubwihisho bwo ku rutare bwa Namoudjoga habonetse ibikoresho by'ubucukumbuzi, birimo ibisigazwa by'ibikoresho by'amabuye bikozwe muri [[silex]], ibice by'[[ibumba|ibikoresho by'ibumba]] n'ibisigazwa bifitanye isano n'ikorwa rya kera ry'[[icyuma]]. Mu karere kagari ka Dapaong kandi habonetse ibimenyetso by'ikorwa ry'ibikoresho by'amabuye byo mu bihe bya kera.<ref name="Presidence">{{Cite web |title=Histoire : Togo, terre d'hospitalité légendaire |url=https://presidence.gouv.tg/histoire-togo-terre-dhospitalite-legendaire/ |website=Présidence de la République Togolaise |publisher=Presidency of the Togolese Republic |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Muri ako karere kandi habonetse ibimenyetso byerekana ko abantu bahatuye kuva kera.<ref name="TogoCultures">{{Cite web |last=Noussouglou |first=Cyriaque Kodjo |title=Patrimoine culturel: Les sites et monuments historiques |url=https://togocultures.com/patrimoine-culturel-les-sites-et-monuments-historiques/ |website=Togo Cultures |date=30 April 2010 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref><ref name="TogoTourisme" /> === Ivumburwa n'iyandikwa === Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga na Sogou byavumbuwe mu 1990 n'abamisiyoneri.<ref name="TogoCultures" /><ref name="TogoTourisme" /> Nyuma byashyizwe mu nyandiko zisobanura ahantu h'ubucukumbuzi n'umurage ndangamuco wo mu majyaruguru ya Togo.<ref name="TogoCultures" /> == Kubungabunga, ubukerarugendo n'umurage ndangamuco == Ibishushanyo byugarijwe n'isuri, ihindagurika ry'ikirere n'ibikorwa by'abantu. Mu 2025, isuri, imiterere y'ikirere n'ikorwa ry'ubwangizi byari bibangamiye aho hantu, kandi hari ingamba nke zo kuhakingira.<ref name="Wakabi" /> Gukorakora ku mabuye nta mbogamizi na byo bituma ibishushanyo bigenda bishira.<ref name="TogoAdventure">{{Cite web |last=Taama |first=Gerry |title=Les jardins suspendus de Nok |url=https://togoterredaventure.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/les-jardins-suspendus-de-nok/ |website=Togo Terre d'Aventure |date=19 March 2013 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga byamamazwa nk'ahantu ndangamuco kandi hakurura ba mukerarugendo mu majyaruguru ya Togo. Aho hantu hafatwa nk'hamwe mu hantu nyamukuru hakurura ba mukerarugendo mu karere ka Dapaong.<ref name="JSVD" /><ref name="TogoFirst">{{Cite web |title=Togo : maintenir l'attractivité touristique |url=https://www.togofirst.com/fr/panorama-tourisme/1701-15569-togo-maintenir-l-attractivite-touristique |website=Togo First |date=17 January 2025 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref><ref name="RepublicOfTogo">{{Cite web |title=Une dynamique prometteuse, mais encore des défis à relever |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/tourisme/une-dynamique-prometteuse-mais-encore-des-defis-a-relever |website=République Togolaise |date=31 July 2025 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Inyandiko z'ubukerarugendo zivuga kuri Dapaong zikunze guhuza Namoudjoga n'ahandi hantu ndangamuco ho mu karere, harimo ubuvumo n'ibigega byo ku misozi bya Nok na Maproug, hamwe n'inzu ndangamurage y'akarere ya Dapaong.<ref name="LeMagVoyage">{{Cite web |last=Lisa |title=Que faire à Dapaong : Top 25–30 activités |url=https://www.lemagvoyage.fr/togo/que-faire-a-togo-dapaong-top-25-30-activites/ |website=Le Mag Voyage |date=5 September 2026 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref><ref name="TogoAdventure" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Dapaong]] * [[Ubuhanzi bwo ku rutare]] * [[Togo]] == Imiyoboro yo hanze == {{Commons category|Peintures rupestres de Namoudjoga}} [[Category:Ubuhanzi bwo ku rutare muri Afurika]] [[Category:Intara ya Savanes muri Togo]] [[Category:Ahantu h'ubucukumbuzi muri Togo]] h2o6vnolubown0uidvqg05rofszu4ke 137147 137146 2026-09-15T07:49:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 137147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ahantu hari ibishushanyo byo ku rutare mu majyaruguru ya Togo}} {{Infobox | above = Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga | image = [[File:Peintures rupestres de Namoudjoga au Togo 17.jpg|250px]] | caption = Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga | label1 = Aho biherereye | data1 = Namoudjoga, hafi ya [[Dapaong]], [[Togo]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Savanes Region, Togo|Intara ya Savanes]] | label3 = Ubwoko | data3 = Ahantu h'[[ubuhanzi bwo ku rutare]] | label4 = Byavumbuwe | data4 = 1990 }} '''Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga''' ni itsinda ry'[[ubuhanzi bwo ku rutare|ibishushanyo byo ku rutare]] biri ku misozi ya Namoudjoga, mu [[Savanes Region, Togo|Ntara ya Savanes]], mu majyaruguru ya [[Togo]], hafi ya [[Dapaong]]. Ibyo bishushanyo biri ku rutare runini rwikinga kandi bigaragaza abantu, inyamaswa, abagendera ku mafarashi n'ibimenyetso bya jewometiri. Ni bimwe mu hantu henshi hari ubuhanzi bwo ku rutare mu karere ka Dapaong, harimo n'ibishushanyo byo muri Sogou na Maogdjoal. == Ibisobanuro == === Aho biherereye === Ahantu ha Namoudjoga hari nko ku bilometero 25 kugeza kuri 30 mu burasirazuba bwa Dapaong, hafi y'umudugudu wa Namoudjoga, ku muhanda uva Dapaong ujya Namoudjoga unyuze i Korbongou.<ref name="TogoTourisme">{{Cite web |title=Les peintures rupestres de Namoudjoga et Sogou |url=https://togotourisme.tg/site/les-peintures-rupestres-de-namoudjoga-et-sogou/ |website=Togo Tourisme |publisher=Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Togo |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Hari nko ku bilometero 25 uvuye i Dapaong.<ref name="JSVD">{{Cite web |title=Tourisme |url=http://jsvd-togo.org/tourisme/ |website=J.S.V.D |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241105005910/http://jsvd-togo.org/tourisme/ |archive-date=5 November 2024 |url-status=dead |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Ibishushanyo biri ku rutare runini rwakozwe n'ibidukikije, rufite isura isa n'iy'ikinyabihumyo kandi rukaba rumeze nk'[[ubwihisho bwo ku rutare]].<ref name="TogoTourisme" /> Ahandi hari ibishushanyo byo ku rutare muri ako karere harimo imisozi ya Sodjoual i Sogou na Maogdjoal, mu karere kagari ka Dapaong.<ref name="DapaongMuseum">{{Cite web |title=Musee Regional des Savanes – Peinture rupestre |url=https://dapaong-museum.de/musee_regional_des_savanes_04.html |website=Musée Régional des Savanes |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Ibyo bishushanyo bigaragaza abantu, inyamaswa, abagendera ku mafarashi n'ibimenyetso bya jewometiri.<ref name="DapaongMuseum" /><ref name="TogoTourisme" /> I Namoudjoga havugwa amatsinda ane y'ibishushanyo. Itsinda rya mbere ririmo umuntu ugendera ku ifarashi, inyamaswa ebyiri, umuntu n'ibimenyetso bibiri bya jewometiri bitaramenyekana neza. Itsinda rya kabiri rigaragaza umuntu ugendera ku ifarashi hamwe n'amafarashi abiri, naho itsinda rya kane ririmo abantu bagera kuri batanu bagendera ku mafarashi n'umuntu uhagaze.<ref name="TogoTourisme" /> Ahantu ha Sogou hegeranye na Namoudjoga hari ibice byinshi by'amabuye bishushanyijeho. Mu bimenyetso byanditswe ko bihari harimo imirongo ihagaze n'iryamye, imirongo y'utudomo, inziga, utudomo twihariye, abagendera ku mafarashi n'inyamaswa, hamwe n'ibimenyetso bya jewometiri n'ibishushanyo by'abantu n'inyamaswa.<ref name="Wakabi">{{Cite web |title=Les peintures rupestres de Namoudjoga : Trésor méconnu du Togo |url=https://wakabileguide.com/blog/les-peintures-rupestres-de-namoudjoga-togo |website=Wakabi |date=13 April 2025 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> === Imiterere y'ubucukumbuzi === Hafi y'ubwihisho bwo ku rutare bwa Namoudjoga habonetse ibikoresho by'ubucukumbuzi, birimo ibisigazwa by'ibikoresho by'amabuye bikozwe muri [[silex]], ibice by'[[ibumba|ibikoresho by'ibumba]] n'ibisigazwa bifitanye isano n'ikorwa rya kera ry'[[icyuma]]. Mu karere kagari ka Dapaong kandi habonetse ibimenyetso by'ikorwa ry'ibikoresho by'amabuye byo mu bihe bya kera.<ref name="Presidence">{{Cite web |title=Histoire : Togo, terre d'hospitalité légendaire |url=https://presidence.gouv.tg/histoire-togo-terre-dhospitalite-legendaire/ |website=Présidence de la République Togolaise |publisher=Presidency of the Togolese Republic |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Muri ako karere kandi habonetse ibimenyetso byerekana ko abantu bahatuye kuva kera.<ref name="TogoCultures">{{Cite web |last=Noussouglou |first=Cyriaque Kodjo |title=Patrimoine culturel: Les sites et monuments historiques |url=https://togocultures.com/patrimoine-culturel-les-sites-et-monuments-historiques/ |website=Togo Cultures |date=30 April 2010 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref><ref name="TogoTourisme" /> === Ivumburwa n'iyandikwa === Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga na Sogou byavumbuwe mu 1990 n'abamisiyoneri.<ref name="TogoCultures" /><ref name="TogoTourisme" /> Nyuma byashyizwe mu nyandiko zisobanura ahantu h'ubucukumbuzi n'umurage ndangamuco wo mu majyaruguru ya Togo.<ref name="TogoCultures" /> == Kubungabunga, ubukerarugendo n'umurage ndangamuco == Ibishushanyo byugarijwe n'isuri, ihindagurika ry'ikirere n'ibikorwa by'abantu. Mu 2025, isuri, imiterere y'ikirere n'ikorwa ry'ubwangizi byari bibangamiye aho hantu, kandi hari ingamba nke zo kuhakingira.<ref name="Wakabi" /> Gukorakora ku mabuye nta mbogamizi na byo bituma ibishushanyo bigenda bishira.<ref name="TogoAdventure">{{Cite web |last=Taama |first=Gerry |title=Les jardins suspendus de Nok |url=https://togoterredaventure.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/les-jardins-suspendus-de-nok/ |website=Togo Terre d'Aventure |date=19 March 2013 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Ibishushanyo byo ku rutare bya Namoudjoga byamamazwa nk'ahantu ndangamuco kandi hakurura ba mukerarugendo mu majyaruguru ya Togo. Aho hantu hafatwa nk'hamwe mu hantu nyamukuru hakurura ba mukerarugendo mu karere ka Dapaong.<ref name="JSVD" /><ref name="TogoFirst">{{Cite web |title=Togo : maintenir l'attractivité touristique |url=https://www.togofirst.com/fr/panorama-tourisme/1701-15569-togo-maintenir-l-attractivite-touristique |website=Togo First |date=17 January 2025 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref><ref name="RepublicOfTogo">{{Cite web |title=Une dynamique prometteuse, mais encore des défis à relever |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/tourisme/une-dynamique-prometteuse-mais-encore-des-defis-a-relever |website=République Togolaise |date=31 July 2025 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref> Inyandiko z'ubukerarugendo zivuga kuri Dapaong zikunze guhuza Namoudjoga n'ahandi hantu ndangamuco ho mu karere, harimo ubuvumo n'ibigega byo ku misozi bya Nok na Maproug, hamwe n'inzu ndangamurage y'akarere ya Dapaong.<ref name="LeMagVoyage">{{Cite web |last=Lisa |title=Que faire à Dapaong : Top 25–30 activités |url=https://www.lemagvoyage.fr/togo/que-faire-a-togo-dapaong-top-25-30-activites/ |website=Le Mag Voyage |date=5 September 2026 |language=fr |access-date=14 September 2026 }}</ref><ref name="TogoAdventure" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Dapaong]] * [[Ubuhanzi bwo ku rutare]] * [[Togo]] == Imiyoboro yo hanze == {{Commons category|Peintures rupestres de Namoudjoga}} [[Ikiciro:Togo]] kzkuu9m4rl7icetlco3amsad5giiwio 0 23078 137148 2026-09-15T08:16:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 trad° 137148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Inzu ndangamurage y'akarere i Kara muri Togo}} '''Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Kara''' ({{lang|fr|Musée régional de Kara}}) ni [[inzu ndangamurage]] iherereye i [[Kara, Togo|Kara]], muri [[Togo]]. Iherereye mu Ngoro y'Inama ya Kara, kandi ibika ikanerekana ibintu bijyanye n'imigenzo, imibereho n'amateka y'umuco y'abaturage bo muri ako karere. == Amateka == Inzu ndangamurage yafunguwe mu 1983.<ref name="PetitFute">{{cite web |title=Musée régional de la Kara |url=https://www.petitfute.com/v52247-kara/c1173-visites-points-d-interet/c958-musee/1743114-musee-regional-de-la-kara.html |website=Petit Futé |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref> Ni imwe mu nzu ndangamurage rusange zo ku rwego rw'uturere muri Togo. Izindi ni Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Maritime iri i [[Aného]], Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Centrale iri i [[Sokodé]] n'Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Savanes iri i [[Dapaong]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jusqu'au 27 mai, cinq musées nationaux seront accessibles gratuitement |url=https://www.republiquetogolaise.tg/culture/2105-3154-jusqu-au-27-mai-cinq-musees-nationaux-seront-accessibles-gratuitement |website=Portail officiel de la République Togolaise |date=2019-05-21 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Le musée est un des lieux qui donnent la plus haute idée de l'homme |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/culture/le-musee-est-un-des-lieux-qui-donnent-la-plus-haute-idee-de-l-homme |website=République Togolaise |date=2018-12-29 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref> == Ibisobanuro == === Aho iherereye === [[File:Palais des congres (7).jpg|thumb|Ingoro y'Inama ya Kara]] Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Kara iri mu Ngoro y'Inama ya Kara.<ref name="TogoPost" /><ref name="TogoTourisme" /> === Ibyegeranyo === Inzu ndangamurage yerekana ibintu bijyanye n'imibereho ya buri munsi n'[[umurage ndangamuco]] w'abaturage bo mu [[Kara Region|Karere ka Kara]]. Ibyegeranyo byayo birimo ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi n'iby'ubuhigi, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, [[ibikoresho bya muzika]], imyambaro gakondo, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu mihango n'amafoto.<ref name="TogoPost">{{cite web |last=Sossouvi |first=Charbel |title=Musée régional de Kara : un voyage au cœur de l'identité kabyè |url=https://togopost.tg/musee-regional-de-kara-voyage-identite-kabye/ |website=TogoPost |date=2026-09-12 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref><ref name="TogoTourisme">{{cite web |title=Un riche patrimoine historique et culturel |url=https://togotourisme.tg/un-patrimoine-historique/ |website=Togo Tourisme |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref><ref name="PetitFute" /> Ibyegeranyo binagaragaza uburyo bwo guhinga, [[ubukorikori]], [[ububoshyi]], imihango gakondo, [[imihango yo gushyingura]] n'indi migenzo n'imibereho y'abaturage.<ref name="TogoPost" /> Inzu ndangamurage ibika kandi inyandiko n'amafoto bijyanye n'amateka ya vuba ya Togo. Muri byo harimo amakuru ajyanye n'uwahoze ari Perezida wa Togo [[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]], wavukiye muri ako karere, hamwe n'impanuka y'indege yabereye i Sarakawa mu 1974.<ref name="TogoPost" /><ref name="TogoTourisme" /> === Kubungabunga no gucunga ibyegeranyo === [[File:Musée de la Kara au Nord-Togo 13.jpg|thumb|left|Imbere mu nzu ndangamurage|215x215px]] Muri Gicurasi 2024, itsinda ry'abahanga bo mu buyobozi bwa Togo bushinzwe umurage ndangamuco ryakoze isuzuma ry'uburyo ibyegeranyo byo mu nzu ndangamurage rusange zo mu gihugu bibungabungwa. Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Kara yari mu bigo byasuwe muri iryo suzuma.<ref name="Conservation">{{cite web |title=Tournées d'évaluation des collections des musées publics du Togo |url=https://tourisme.gouv.tg/tournees-devaluation-des-collections-des-musees-publics-du-togo/ |website=Ministère du Tourisme, de la Culture et des Arts |date=2024-05-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref> Iryo suzuma ryarebaga ibintu biri mu imurikagurisha rihoraho no mu bubiko bw'inzu ndangamurage, inyandiko zibisobanura, uko bibungabunzwe ndetse n'ingamba zikenewe kugira ngo birusheho kurindwa.<ref name="Conservation" /> == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Kara, Togo]] * [[Kara Region|Karere ka Kara]] * [[Koutammakou]] == Imiyoboro yo hanze == {{Commons category|Musée de la Kara}} [[Category:Inzu ndangamurage muri Togo]] [[Category:Inzu ndangamurage zatangiye mu 1983]] [[Category:Inzu ndangamurage z'amoko n'imico muri Afurika]] dq3ewlj8u6tpx45b0uli0tefcd42zhg 137149 137148 2026-09-15T08:17:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 137149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Inzu ndangamurage y'akarere i Kara muri Togo}} '''Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Kara''' ({{lang|fr|Musée régional de Kara}}) ni [[inzu ndangamurage]] iherereye i [[Kara, Togo|Kara]], muri [[Togo]]. Iherereye mu Ngoro y'Inama ya Kara, kandi ibika ikanerekana ibintu bijyanye n'imigenzo, imibereho n'amateka y'umuco y'abaturage bo muri ako karere. == Amateka == Inzu ndangamurage yafunguwe mu 1983.<ref name="PetitFute">{{cite web |title=Musée régional de la Kara |url=https://www.petitfute.com/v52247-kara/c1173-visites-points-d-interet/c958-musee/1743114-musee-regional-de-la-kara.html |website=Petit Futé |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref> Ni imwe mu nzu ndangamurage rusange zo ku rwego rw'uturere muri Togo. Izindi ni Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Maritime iri i [[Aného]], Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Centrale iri i [[Sokodé]] n'Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Savanes iri i [[Dapaong]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jusqu'au 27 mai, cinq musées nationaux seront accessibles gratuitement |url=https://www.republiquetogolaise.tg/culture/2105-3154-jusqu-au-27-mai-cinq-musees-nationaux-seront-accessibles-gratuitement |website=Portail officiel de la République Togolaise |date=2019-05-21 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Le musée est un des lieux qui donnent la plus haute idée de l'homme |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/culture/le-musee-est-un-des-lieux-qui-donnent-la-plus-haute-idee-de-l-homme |website=République Togolaise |date=2018-12-29 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref> == Ibisobanuro == === Aho iherereye === [[File:Palais des congres (7).jpg|thumb|Ingoro y'Inama ya Kara]] Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Kara iri mu Ngoro y'Inama ya Kara.<ref name="TogoPost" /><ref name="TogoTourisme" /> === Ibyegeranyo === Inzu ndangamurage yerekana ibintu bijyanye n'imibereho ya buri munsi n'[[umurage ndangamuco]] w'abaturage bo mu [[Kara Region|Karere ka Kara]]. Ibyegeranyo byayo birimo ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi n'iby'ubuhigi, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, [[ibikoresho bya muzika]], imyambaro gakondo, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu mihango n'amafoto.<ref name="TogoPost">{{cite web |last=Sossouvi |first=Charbel |title=Musée régional de Kara : un voyage au cœur de l'identité kabyè |url=https://togopost.tg/musee-regional-de-kara-voyage-identite-kabye/ |website=TogoPost |date=2026-09-12 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref><ref name="TogoTourisme">{{cite web |title=Un riche patrimoine historique et culturel |url=https://togotourisme.tg/un-patrimoine-historique/ |website=Togo Tourisme |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref><ref name="PetitFute" /> Ibyegeranyo binagaragaza uburyo bwo guhinga, [[ubukorikori]], [[ububoshyi]], imihango gakondo, [[imihango yo gushyingura]] n'indi migenzo n'imibereho y'abaturage.<ref name="TogoPost" /> Inzu ndangamurage ibika kandi inyandiko n'amafoto bijyanye n'amateka ya vuba ya Togo. Muri byo harimo amakuru ajyanye n'uwahoze ari Perezida wa Togo [[Gnassingbé Eyadéma]], wavukiye muri ako karere, hamwe n'impanuka y'indege yabereye i Sarakawa mu 1974.<ref name="TogoPost" /><ref name="TogoTourisme" /> === Kubungabunga no gucunga ibyegeranyo === [[File:Musée de la Kara au Nord-Togo 13.jpg|thumb|left|Imbere mu nzu ndangamurage|215x215px]] Muri Gicurasi 2024, itsinda ry'abahanga bo mu buyobozi bwa Togo bushinzwe umurage ndangamuco ryakoze isuzuma ry'uburyo ibyegeranyo byo mu nzu ndangamurage rusange zo mu gihugu bibungabungwa. Inzu Ndangamurage y'Akarere ka Kara yari mu bigo byasuwe muri iryo suzuma.<ref name="Conservation">{{cite web |title=Tournées d'évaluation des collections des musées publics du Togo |url=https://tourisme.gouv.tg/tournees-devaluation-des-collections-des-musees-publics-du-togo/ |website=Ministère du Tourisme, de la Culture et des Arts |date=2024-05-25 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-13 }}</ref> Iryo suzuma ryarebaga ibintu biri mu imurikagurisha rihoraho no mu bubiko bw'inzu ndangamurage, inyandiko zibisobanura, uko bibungabunzwe ndetse n'ingamba zikenewe kugira ngo birusheho kurindwa.<ref name="Conservation" /> == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Kara, Togo]] * [[Kara Region|Karere ka Kara]] * [[Koutammakou]] == Imiyoboro yo hanze == {{Commons category|Musée de la Kara}} [[Ikiciro:Togo]] p809vjkibo9b24nzdh53i00j04wbw9z 0 23079 137152 2026-09-15T10:24:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[AMARASO]] to [[Amaraso]] 137152 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amaraso]] g16ktvyj2haq6ndxvlbobe0jr0g2fcr