Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Wikipedia:Community Portal 4 779 137187 134072 2026-09-15T12:58:09Z MediaWiki message delivery 4287 /* wiki yawe izaba isomwa gusa vuba aha */ new section 137187 wikitext text/x-wiki * '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection. == The To-Do - List== # Translating the Main Page into Kinyarwanda. # after 1: starting of writing articles -> transations from English and French. # all files transmitting to [[commons:Main Page|Wikimedia Commons]]. == Urwinjiriro ry'Ingenzi== ==Ubufasha== * [[User:Joschy|Joschy]] will help in questions about Wikipedia. ==Bot policy== Hello. To facilitate [[m:steward|steward]] granting of bot access, I suggest implementing the [[m:Bot policy|standard bot policy]] on this wiki. In particular, this policy allows stewards to automatically flag known interlanguage linking bots (if this page says that is acceptable), which form the vast majority of such requests. The policy also enables [[m:Bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] on this wiki (if this page says that is acceptable), which are trusted bots that will be given bot access on every wiki that allows global bots. This policy makes bot access requesting much easier for local users, operators, and stewards. To implement it we only need to create a redirect to this page from [[Project:Bot policy]], and add a line at the top noting that it is used here. Please read the text at [[m:Bot policy]] before commenting. If you object, please say so; I hope to implement in one week if there is no objection, since it is particularly written to streamline bot requests on wikis with little or no community interested in bot access requests. [[User:Djsasso|Djsasso]] 16:56, 9 June 2009 (UTC) == Localized logo == Hello! The Wikimedia Foundation recently <span class="plainlinks">[http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/wikipedia-in-3d/ updated]</span> the official Wikipedia globe. We realize that a lot of projects have never had a localized logo in their native language, so we are making sure that we create logos for every Wikipedia project that we have. The only issue is: we can't figure out what should be on your localized logo. <tt>:-)</tt> Could you please provide a translation for the following? * Wikipedia * The Free Encyclopedia Please put the translation on my [[m:User talk:Cbrown1023|Meta talk page]]. Thank you! '''[[User:Cbrown1023|<span style="color:green">Cbrown1023</span>]]''' '''<small>[[User talk:Cbrown1023|<span style="color:#002bb8">discussion</span>]]</small>''' 00:55, 25 May 2010 (UTC) ==Buruse za Wikimania== The call for applications for Wikimania Scholarships to attend Wikimania 2010 in Gdansk, Poland (July 9-11) is now open. The Wikimedia Foundation offers Scholarships to pay for selected individuals' round trip travel, accommodations, and registration at the conference. To apply, visit the [[wm2010:Main Page|Wikimania 2010]] [[wm2010:Scholarships|scholarships information page]], click the secure link available there, and fill out the form to apply. For additional information, please visit the Scholarships information and FAQ pages: * [[wm2010:Scholarships|Scholarships]] * [[wm2010:Scholarships/FAQ|Scholarships FAQ]] Yours very truly, [[m:User:Cary Bass|Cary Bass]]</br> Volunteer Coordinator</br> Wikimedia Foundation ==Fundraising time is around the corner!== Hello Wikimedians, my name is Deniz and I am working for the Wikimedia Foundation during the 2010 Fundraiser. My job is to be the liaison between the Kinyarwanda community and the Foundation. This year's fundraiser is intended to be a collaborative and global effort, we recognize that banner messages that perform well in the United States don't necessarily translate well, or appeal to international audiences. <Br> I'm contacting you as I am currently looking for translators who are willing to contribute to this project, helping to translate and localize messages into Kinyarwanda and suggesting messages that would appeal to Kinyarwanda readers on the Fundraising Meta Page. We've started the setup on [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010 meta] for both [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Messages banner submission], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Banner_testing statistical analysis], and [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Committee grouping volunteers together].<br>Use the talk pages on meta, talk to your local communities, talk to others, talk to us, and add your feedback to the proposed messages as well! I look forward to working with you during this year's fundraiser.<br> Please translate this message into Kinyarwanda if you can and post it below. Thank you! --[[User:Dgultekin|Dgultekin]] 17:12, 10 September 2010 (UTC) ===Fundraising 2010: Beat Jimmy Challenge=== The Fundraising Committee is issuing all interested community members a challenge: [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010 we want you to beat Jimmy]. The appeal from Jimmy Wales and the corresponding banner have been tested head-to-head with other successful banners, and the results are clear: it's our best performing message... by a lot. This year we have a lofty fundraising goal; we need all of our banners to bring in donations like the Jimmy Appeal, but no one wants to keep the Jimmy banner up for two months. We want to run donor quotes, and other wonderful ideas, but we have to have banners that work as well as or better than the Jimmy appeal. We've just released the highlights from a [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010#Focus_Group donor focus group], and the results of our [http://www. uggsoutletugg .com uggs outlet]. With one month to the launch of the fundraiser, the messages we test must be driven by data from our tests and surveys - we can no longer rely on instinct alone. We've redesigned our fundraising meta pages with the Jimmy challenge; check out the survey results and propose/discuss banners that reflect these findings. Add the banners you think will 'beat Jimmy' [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Messages/BeatJimmy here] to be tested '''Tuesday October 12''' against Jimmy. -[[User:Dgultekin|Dgultekin]] 21:54, 6 October 2010 (UTC) == Call for image filter referendum == The Wikimedia Foundation, at the direction of the Board of Trustees, will be holding a vote to determine whether members of the community support the creation and usage of an opt-in personal image filter, which would allow readers to voluntarily screen particular types of images strictly for their own account. Further details and educational materials will be available shortly. The referendum is scheduled for 12-27 August, 2011, and will be conducted on servers hosted by a neutral third party. Referendum details, officials, voting requirements, and supporting materials will be posted at [[Meta:Image filter referendum]] shortly. Sorry for delivering you a message in English. Please help translate the pages on the referendum on Meta and join the [[mail:translators-l|translators mailing list]]. For the coordinating committee,<br /> [[m:User:Philippe (WMF)|Philippe (WMF)]]<br /> [[m:User:Cbrown1023|Cbrown1023]]<br/> [[m:User:Risker|Risker]]</br> [[m:User:Mardetanha|Mardetanha]]<br/> [[m:User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]]<br/> [[m:User:Robertmharris|Robert Harris]] <!-- EdwardsBot 0090 --> == [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]] == * Bot : [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]] * Operator : [[:de:Benutzer:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]] * Automatic or Manually Assisted : automatic * Programming Language(s) : Python (pywikipedia), daily update * Function Summary : Interwiki * Already has a bot flag (Y/N) : Yes, [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=HiW-Bot please see here] * Function Details : just using the standard interwiki.py I humbly request bot status on this wiki in order to maintain Interwiki. Thank you --[[User:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]] <!-- Interwiki --> [[eu:Wikipedia:WikiMediari buruz gaurkotasun-albisteak]] == Terms of Use update == ''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please help translate it.'' Hello, The Wikimedia Foundation is discussing changes to its Terms of Use. The discussion can be found at [[m:Talk:Terms of use|Talk:Terms of use]]. Everyone is invited to join in. Because the new version of [[m:Terms of use|Terms of use]] is not in final form, we are not able to present official translations of it. Volunteers are welcome to translate it, as German volunteers have done at [[:m:Terms of use/de]], but we ask that you note at the top that the translation is unofficial and may become outdated as the English version is changed. The translation request can be found at [[m:Translation requests/WMF/Terms of Use 2]] -- [[m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis, Community Liaison]] 01:15, 27 October 2011 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0119 --> == Open Call for 2012 Wikimedia Fellowship Applicants == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please help translate it.'' *Do you want to help attract new contributors to Wikimedia projects? *Do you want to improve retention of our existing editors? *Do you want to strengthen our community by diversifying its base and increasing the overall number of excellent participants around the world? The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking Community Fellows and project ideas for the Community Fellowship Program. A Fellowship is a temporary position at the Wikimedia Foundation in order to work on a specific project or set of projects. Submissions for 2012 are encouraged to focus on the theme of improving editor retention and increasing participation in Wikimedia projects. If interested, please submit a project idea or apply to be a fellow by January 15, 2012. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Fellowships for more information. Thanks! --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Community Fellowships, Wikimedia Foundation]] 03:03, 22 December 2011 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0139 --> == Announcing Wikipedia 1.19 beta == Wikimedia Foundation is getting ready to push out 1.19 to all the WMF-hosted wikis. As we finish wrapping up our code review, you can test the new version ''right now'' on [http://beta.wmflabs.org/ beta.wmflabs.org]. For more information, please read the [https://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/RELEASE-NOTES-1.19?view=markup release notes] or the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.19|start of the final announcement]]. The following are the areas that you will probably be most interested in: * [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=33711#c2 Faster loading of javascript files makes dependency tracking more important.] * New common*.css files usable by skins instead of having to copy piles of generic styles from MonoBook or Vector's css. * The default user signature now contains a talk link in addition to the user link. * Searching blocked usernames in block log is now clearer. * Better timezone recognition in user preferences. * Improved diff readability for colorblind people. * The interwiki links table can now be accessed also when the interwiki cache is used (used in the API and the Interwiki extension). * More gender support (for instance in logs and user lists). * Language converter improved, e.g. it now works depending on the page content language. * Time and number-formatting magic words also now depend on the page content language. * Bidirectional support further improved after 1.18. Report any [http://labs.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Problem_reports problems] on the labs beta wiki and we'll work to address them before they software is released to the production wikis. '''Note''' that this cluster does have SUL but it is not integrated with SUL in production, so you'll need to create another account. You should avoid using the same password as you use here. — [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 16:31, 15 January 2012 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0145 --> == MediaWiki 1.19 == (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to upgrade MediaWiki (the software powering this wiki) to its latest version this month. You can help to test it before it is enabled, to avoid disruption and breakage. More information is available [[:mw:MediaWiki 1.19/Deployment announcement|in the full announcement]]. Thank you for your understanding. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small>. 15:17, 12 February 2012 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0154 --> == Update on IPv6 == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] (Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it, as well as '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement on Meta]]''') The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to do limited testing of IPv6 on June 2-3. If there are not too many problems, we may fully enable IPv6 on [http://www.worldipv6day.org/ World IPv6 day] (June 6), and keep it enabled. What this means for your project: *At least on June 2-3, 2012, you may see a small number of edits from IPv6 addresses, which are in the form "<code>2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334</code>". See e.g. [[w:en:IPv6 address]]. These addresses should behave like any other IP address: You can leave messages on their talk pages; you can track their contributions; you can block them. (See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] for notes on range blocks.) *In the mid term, some user scripts and tools will need to be adapted for IPv6. *We suspect that IPv6 usage is going to be very low initially, meaning that abuse should be manageable, and we will assist in the monitoring of the situation. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] on how to test the behavior of IPv6 with various tools and how to leave bug reports, and to find a fuller analysis of the implications of the IPv6 migration. --[[m:User:Eloquence|Erik Möller, VP of Engineering and Product Development, Wikimedia Foundation]] 01:20, 2 June 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0201 --> == 2011 Picture of the Year competition == <small>[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/mk|{{#language:mk}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/no|{{#language:no}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/pl|{{#language:pl}}]]</small> Dear Wikimedians, Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the ''2011 Picture of the Year competition'' is now open. We are interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the ''Picture of the Year 2011''. Any user registered at Commons or a Wikimedia wiki SUL-related to Commons [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&wiki=&event=24 with more than 75 edits before 1 April 2012 (UTC)] is welcome to vote and, of course everyone is welcome to view! Detailed information about the contest can be found [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Introduction|at the introductory page]]. About 600 of the best of Wikimedia Common's photos, animations, movies and graphics were chosen &ndash;by the international Wikimedia Commons community&ndash; out of 12 million files during ''2011'' and are now called ''Featured Pictures''. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons ''Features Pictures'' of all flavors. For your convenience, we have sorted the images [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Galleries|into topic categories]]. We regret that you receive this message in English; we intended to use banners to notify you in your native language but there was both, human and technical resistance. See you on Commons! --[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Committee|Picture of the Year 2011 Committee]] 18:37, 5 June 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0205 --> == Help decide about more than $10 million of Wikimedia donations in the coming year == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)'' Hi, As many of you are aware, the Wikimedia Board of Trustees recently initiated important changes in the way that money is being distributed within the Wikimedia movement. As part of this, a new community-led "[[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC|Funds Dissemination Committee]]" (FDC) is currently being set up. Already in 2012-13, its recommendations will guide the decisions about the distribution of over 10 million US dollars among the Foundation, chapters and other [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#Eligible_fund-seeking_entities|eligible entities]]. Now, seven capable, knowledgeable and trustworthy community members are sought to volunteer on the initial Funds Dissemination Committee. It is expected to take up its work in September. In addition, a community member is sought to be the [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#FDC_Ombudsperson|Ombudsperson]] for the FDC process. If you are interested in joining the committee, read the [[m:Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for Volunteers|call for volunteers]]. Nominations are planned to close on August 15. --[[m:User:ASengupta_(WMF)|Anasuya Sengupta]], Director of Global Learning and Grantmaking, Wikimedia Foundation 20:23, 19 July 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0223 --> == More opportunities for you to access free research databases == The quest to get editors free access to the sources they need is gaining momentum. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo|Credo Reference]]''' provides full-text online versions of nearly 1200 published reference works from more than 70 publishers in every major subject, including general and subject dictionaries and encyclopedias. There are '''125''' full Credo 350 accounts available, with access even to 100 more references works than in Credo's original donation. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo#Sign-up sheet|here]]. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|HighBeam Research]]''' has access to over 80 million articles from 6,500 publications including newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines and encyclopedias. Thousands of new articles are added daily, and archives date back over 25 years covering a wide range of subjects and industries. There are '''250''' full access 1-year accounts available. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam/Applications|here]]. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia|Questia]]''' is an online research library for books and journal articles focusing on the humanities and social sciences. Questia has curated titles from over 300 trusted publishers including 77,000 full-text books and 4 million journal, magazine, and newspaper articles, as well as encyclopedia entries. There will soon be '''1000''' full access 1-year accounts available. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia#Apply here: Round 1|here]]. You might also be interested in the idea to create a central '''Wikipedia Library''' where approved editors would have access to ''all'' participating resource donors. Add your feedback to the [[m:Wikimedia Fellowships/Project Ideas/The Wikipedia Library|Community Fellowship proposal]]. Apologies for the English message ([http://translate.google.com/ translate here]). Go sign up :) --[[w:en:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ([[w:en:User talk:Ocaasi|talk]]) 02:23, 16 August 2012 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0232 --> == Request for Comment: Legal Fees Assistance Program == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize for addressing you in English. I would be grateful if you could translate this message into your language.'' The Wikimedia Foundation is conducting a [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|request for comment]] on a [[:m:Legal_and_Community_Advocacy/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|proposed program]] that could provide legal assistance to users in specific support roles who are named in a legal complaint as a defendant because of those roles. We wanted to be sure that your community was aware of this discussion and would have a chance to participate in [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|that discussion]]. If this page is not the best place to publicize this request for comment, please help spread the word to those who may be interested in participating. (If you'd like to help translating the "request for comment", program policy or other pages into your language and don't know how the translation system works, please come by my user talk page at [[:m:User talk:Mdennis (WMF)]]. I'll be happy to assist or to connect you with a volunteer who can assist.) Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]]02:11, 6 September 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0245 --> == Wikidata is getting close to a first roll-out == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) As some of you might already have heard Wikimedia Deutschland is working on a new Wikimedia project. It is called [[m:Wikidata]]. The goal of Wikidata is to become a central data repository for the Wikipedias, its sister projects and the world. In the future it will hold data like the number of inhabitants of a country, the date of birth of a famous person or the length of a river. These can then be used in all Wikimedia projects and outside of them. The project is divided into three phases and "we are getting close to roll-out the first phase". The phases are: # language links in the Wikipedias (making it possible to store the links between the language editions of an article just once in Wikidata instead of in each linked article) # infoboxes (making it possible to store the data that is currently in infoboxes in one central place and share the data) # lists (making it possible to create lists and similar things based on queries to Wikidata so they update automatically when new data is added or modified) It'd be great if you could join us, test the [http://wikidata-test.wikimedia.de demo version], provide feedback and take part in the development of Wikidata. You can find all the relevant information including an [[m:Wikidata/FAQ|FAQ]] and sign-up links for our on-wiki newsletter on [[m:Wikidata|the Wikidata page on Meta]]. For further discussions please use [[m:Talk:Wikidata|this talk page]] (if you are uncomfortable writing in English you can also write in your native language there) or point [[m:User_talk:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|me]] to the place where your discussion is happening so I can answer there. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 13:36, 10 September 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0248 --> == Upcoming software changes - please report any problems == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] <div dir=ltr> ''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)'' All Wikimedia wikis - including this one - will soon be upgraded with new and possibly disruptive code. This process starts today and finishes on October 24 (see the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|upgrade schedule]] & [[mw:MediaWiki 1.21/wmf2|code details]]). Please watch for problems with: * revision diffs * templates * CSS and JavaScript pages (like user scripts) * bots * PDF export * images, video, and sound, especially scaling sizes * the CologneBlue skin If you notice any problems, please [[mw:How to report a bug|report problems]] at [[mw:Bugzilla|our defect tracker site]]. You can test for possible problems at [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org] and [https://mediawiki.org/ mediawiki.org], which have already been updated. Thanks! With your help we can find problems fast and get them fixed faster. [[mw:User:Sharihareswara (WMF)|Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation Engineering Community Manager]] ([[mw:User talk:Sharihareswara (WMF)|talk]]) 03:11, 16 October 2012 (UTC) P.S.: For the regular, smaller MediaWiki updates every two weeks, please [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|watch this schedule]]. <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0278 --> == Fundraising localization: volunteers from outside the USA needed == ''Please translate for your local community'' Hello All, The Wikimedia Foundation's Fundraising team have begun our 'User Experience' project, with the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries outside the USA and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am searching for volunteers to spend 30 minutes on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real-time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. ''All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed'' (and they will be low amounts, like 1-2 dollars) By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. Please sing up and help us with our 'User Experience' project! :) If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)! Thanks!<br /> [[wmf:User:Ppena|Pats Pena]]<br /> Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 17:17, 17 October 2012 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0280 --> == Be a Wikimedia fundraising "User Experience" volunteer! == Thank you to everyone who volunteered last year on the Wikimedia fundraising 'User Experience' project. We have talked to many different people in different countries and their feedback has helped us immensely in restructuring our pages. If you haven't heard of it yet, the 'User Experience' project has the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries (outside the USA) and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am (still) searching for volunteers to spend some time on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. **All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed (and they will be very low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)** By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!! Thanks! [[m:User:Ppena (WMF)|Pats Pena]]<br/> Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation : Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 21:15, 8 January 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 331 --> == Wikimedia sites to move to primary data center in Ashburn, Virginia. Read-only mode expected. == (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) Next week, the Wikimedia Foundation will transition its main technical operations to a new data center in Ashburn, Virginia, USA. This is intended to improve the technical performance and reliability of all Wikimedia sites, including this wiki. There will be some times when the site will be in read-only mode, and there may be full outages; the current target windows for the migration are January 22nd, 23rd and 24th, 2013, from 17:00 to 01:00 UTC (see [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=Wikimedia+data+center+migration&iso=20130122T17&ah=8 other timezones] on timeanddate.com). More information is available [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ in the full announcement]. If you would like to stay informed of future technical upgrades, consider [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|becoming a Tech ambassador]] and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors joining the ambassadors mailing list]. You will be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions. Thank you for your help and your understanding. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small>. 15:39, 19 January 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0338 --> == Picture of the Year voting round 1 open == Dear Wikimedians, Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the 2012 Picture of the Year competition is now open. We're interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the Picture of the Year for 2012. Voting is open to established Wikimedia users who meet the following criteria: :# Users must have an account, at any Wikimedia project, which was registered '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC]. :# This user account must have more than '''75 edits''' on '''any single''' Wikimedia project '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC]. Please check your account eligibility at the [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&wiki=&event=27 POTY 2012 Contest Eligibility tool]. :# Users must vote with an account meeting the above requirements either on Commons or another SUL-related Wikimedia project (for other Wikimedia projects, the account must be attached to the user's Commons account through [[meta:Help:Unified login|SUL]]). Hundreds of images that have been rated Featured Pictures by the international Wikimedia Commons community in the past year are all entered in this competition. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons features pictures of all flavors. For your convenience, we have sorted the images into topic categories. Two rounds of voting will be held: In the first round, you can vote for as many images as you like. The first round category winners and the top ten overall will then make it to the final. In the final round, when a limited number of images are left, you must decide on the one image that you want to become the Picture of the Year. To see the candidate images just go to [[commons:Commons:Picture_of_the_Year/2012|the POTY 2012 page on Wikimedia Commons]]. Wikimedia Commons celebrates our featured images of 2012 with this contest. Your votes decide the Picture of the Year, so remember to vote in the first round by '''January 30, 2013'''. Thanks,<br /> the Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year committee<br /> <small>This message was delivered based on [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery]]. Translation fetched from: [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2012/Translations/Village Pump/en]] -- [[User:Rillke|Rillke]] ([[User talk:Rillke|talk]]) 23:58, 22 January 2013 (UTC)</small> == Help turn ideas into grants in the new IdeaLab == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.'' *Do you have an idea for a project to improve this community or website? *Do you think you could complete your idea if only you had some funding? *Do you want to help other people turn their ideas into project plans or grant proposals? Please join us in the [[m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]], an incubator for project ideas and Individual Engagement Grant proposals. The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking new ideas and proposals for Individual Engagement Grants. These grants fund individuals or small groups to complete projects that help improve this community. If interested, please submit a completed proposal by February 15, 2013. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:IEG for more information. Thanks! --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 20:49, 30 January 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0344 --> == Wikidata phase 1 (language links) coming to this Wikipedia == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally. [[d:|Wikidata]] has been in development for a few months now. It is now time for the roll-out of the first part of it on your Wikipedia. Phase 1 is the support for the management of language links. It is already being used on the Hungarian, Hebrew, Italian and English Wikipedias. The next step is to enable the extension on all other Wikipedias. We have currently planned this for March 6. === What is Wikidata? === Wikidata is a central place to store data that you can usually find in infoboxes. Think of it as something like Wikimedia Commons but for data (like the number of inhabitants of a country or the length of a river) instead of multimedia. The first part of this project (centralizing language links) is being rolled out now. The more fancy things will follow later. === What is going to happen? === Language links in the sidebar are going to come from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article. === Where can I find more information and ask questions? === Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. === I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata === To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. You can see previous editions [[meta:Wikidata/Newsletter/Archive|here]]. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 16:16, 21 February 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0366 --> PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA == Convert complex templates to Lua to make them faster and more powerful == <small>(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians)</small> Greetings. As you might have seen on the [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/03/11/lua-templates-faster-more-flexible-pages/ Wikimedia tech blog] or the [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-March/000171.html tech ambassadors list], a new functionality called "Lua" is being enabled on all Wikimedia sites today. [[mw:Lua|Lua]] is a scripting language that enables you to write faster and more powerful MediaWiki templates. If you have questions about how to convert existing templates to Lua (or how to create new ones), we'll be holding two support sessions on IRC next week: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=02&min=00&sec=0&day=20&month=03&year=2013 one on Wednesday] (for Oceania, Asia & America) and [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=03&year=2013 one on Friday] (for Europe, Africa & America); see [[m:IRC office hours]] for the details. If you can't make it, you can also get help at [[mw:Talk:Lua scripting]]. If you'd like to learn about this kind of events earlier in advance, consider becoming a [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|Tech ambassador]] by subscribing to the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors mailing list]. You will also be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]]. 20:19, 13 March 2013 (UTC) <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0379 --> == Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) coming to this Wikipedia == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]]. A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. It is soon time to enable the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) and things are looking good. The next step is English Wikipedia. This is planned for April 8. '''If everything works out fine we will deploy on all remaining Wikipedias on April 10.''' I will update [[m:Wikidata/Deployment Questions#When_will_this_be_deployed_on_my_Wikipedia.3F|this part of the FAQ]] if there are any issues forcing us to change this date. I will also sent another note to this village pump once the deployment is finished. '''What will happen once we have phase 2 enabled here?''' Once it is enabled in a few days you will be able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) '''How will this work?''' There are two ways to access the data: * Use a parser function like <nowiki>{{#property:p169}}</nowiki> in the wiki text of the article on Yahoo!. This will return “[[d:Q14086|Marissa Mayer]]” as she is the [[d:Property:P169|chief executive officer]] of the [[d:Q37093|company]]. * For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]]. We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use <nowiki>{{#property:chief executive officer}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{#property:p169}}</nowiki>. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]]. '''Where can I test this?''' You can already test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2]. '''Where can I find more information and ask questions?''' We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. '''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata''' To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 17:10, 5 April 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0399 --> == [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|Request for comment on inactive administrators]] == <small>(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians. Please also consider translating [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Summary|the proposal]].)</small> <small>[[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|Read this message in English]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ast|Lleer esti mensaxe n'asturianu]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/bn|বাংলায় এই বার্তাটি পড়ুন]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ca|Llegiu aquest missatge en català]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/da|Læs denne besked på dansk]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/de|Lies diese Nachricht auf Deutsch]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/egl|Leś cal mesag' chè in Emiliàn]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/es|Leer este mensaje en español]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fi|Lue tämä viesti suomeksi]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fr|Lire ce message en français]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/gl|Ler esta mensaxe en galego]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hi|हिन्दी]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hr|Pročitajte ovu poruku na hrvatskom]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/id|Baca pesan ini dalam Bahasa Indonesia]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/it|Leggi questo messaggio in italiano]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/kn|ಈ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಓದಿ]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/mt|Aqra dan il-messaġġ bil-Malti]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nb|norsk (bokmål)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nl|Lees dit bericht in het Nederlands]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/pl|Przeczytaj tę wiadomość po polsku]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ro|Citiți acest mesaj în română]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ru|Прочитать это сообщение на русском]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/so|Farriintaan ku aqri Af-Soomaali]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/sr|Pročitaj ovu poruku na srpskom (Прочитај ову поруку на српском)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/th|อ่านข้อความนี้ในภาษาไทย]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/uk|Прочитати це повідомлення українською мовою]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/vi|Đọc thông báo bằng tiếng Việt]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/zh|使用中文阅读本信息。]]</small> Hello! There is [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|a new request for comment]] on Meta-Wiki concerning the removal of administrative rights from long-term inactive Wikimedians. Generally, this proposal from stewards would apply to wikis without an administrators' review process. We are also compiling a [[m:Talk:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|list of projects]] with procedures for removing inactive administrators on the talk page of the request for comment. Feel free to add your project(s) to the list if you have a policy on administrator inactivity. All input is appreciated. The discussion may close as soon as 21 May 2013 (2013-05-21), but this will be extended if needed. Thanks, [[m:User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]] <small>(thanks to all the [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|translators]]!)</small> 05:16, 24 April 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0430 --> == Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) is here == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]]. A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. We have now enabled the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) a month ago and [http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/04/22/and-that-makes-12/ two days ago on the English Wikipedia]. Today all the remaining Wikipedias followed. '''What does having phase 2 enabled here mean?''' You are now able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) The current state is just the beginning though. It will be extended based on feedback we get from you now. '''How will this work?''' There are two ways to access the data: * Use a parser function like <nowiki>{{#property:p159}}</nowiki> in the wiki text of the article on Wikimedia Foundation. This will return “[[d:Q62|San Francisco]]” as that is the [[d:Property:P159|headquarter location]] of the [[d:180|non-profit]]. * For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]]. We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use <nowiki>{{#property:headquarter location}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{#property:p159}}</nowiki>. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]]. '''Where can I test this?''' You can test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2] if you don't want to do it in an article here. '''Where can I find more information and ask questions?''' We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. '''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata''' To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. We are excited about taking yet another step towards allowing all Wikipedias share structured data and collect and curate it together. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 19:20, 24 April 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0431 --> == [en] Change to wiki account system and account renaming == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> Some accounts will soon be renamed due to a technical change that the developer team at Wikimedia are making. [[m:Single User Login finalisation announcement|More details on Meta]]. <small>(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 04:06, 30 April 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0437 --> == [en] Change to section edit links == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> The default position of the "edit" link in page section headers is going to change soon. The "edit" link will be positioned adjacent to the page header text rather than floating opposite it. Section edit links will be to the immediate right of section titles, instead of on the far right. If you're an editor of one of the wikis which already implemented this change, nothing will substantially change for you; however, scripts and gadgets depending on the previous implementation of section edit links will have to be adjusted to continue working; however, nothing else should break even if they are not updated in time. [[m:Change to section edit links|Detailed information and a timeline]] is available on meta. Ideas to do this all the way to 2009 at least. It is often difficult to track which of several potential section edit links on the far right is associated with the correct section, and many readers and anonymous or new editors may even be failing to notice section edit links at all, since they read section titles, which are far away from the links. <small>(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 18:55, 30 April 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0438 --> == Tech newsletter: Subscribe to receive the next editions == <div style="width:auto; padding: 1em; background:#fdf6e3;" class="plainlinks" ><big>Latest '''[[m:Tech/News|<span style="color:#268bd2;">Tech news</span>]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community.</big> ''Please inform other users about these changes.''</div> <div style="width:auto; padding: 1em; border: 2px solid #fdf6e3;" class="plainlinks" > ;Recent software changes: ''(Not all changes will affect you.)'' * The latest version of MediaWiki (version [[mw:MediaWiki 1.22/wmf4|1.22/wmf4]]) was added to non-Wikipedia wikis on May 13, and to the English Wikipedia (with a Wikidata software update) on May 20. It will be updated on all other Wikipedia sites on May 22. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=ed976cf0c14fa3632fd10d9300bb646bfd6fe751;hp=c6c7bb1e5caaddf7325de9eef0e7bf85bcf5cc35] [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * A software update will perhaps result in temporary issues with images. Please [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|report any problems]] you notice. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * MediaWiki recognizes links in twelve new [[:w:en:URI scheme|schemes]]. Users can now link to [[:w:en:SSH|SSH]], [[:w:en:XMPP|XMPP]] and [[:w:en:Bitcoin|Bitcoin]] directly from wikicode. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=mediawiki/core.git;a=commitdiff;h=a89d623302b5027dbb2d06941a22372948757685] * VisualEditor was added to [[bugzilla:48430|all content namespaces]] on mediawiki.org on May 20. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * A new extension ("TemplateData") was added to all Wikipedia sites on May 20. It will allow a future version of VisualEditor to [[bugzilla:44444|edit templates]]. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * New sites: [[:voy:el:|Greek Wikivoyage]] and [[:wikt:vec:|Venetian Wiktionary]] joined the Wikimedia family last week; the total number of project wikis is now 794. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=5d7536b403730bb502580e21243f923c3b79da0e] [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=43c9eebdfc976333be5c890439ba1fae3bef46f7] * The logo of 18 Wikipedias was changed to [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_logos#The_May_2010_logo|version 2.0]] in a [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2013-May/125999.html third group of updates]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=4688adbe467440eea318eecf04839fdd9ffa0565] * The [[:commons:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]] on Commons now shows links to the old upload form in 55 languages ([[:bugzilla:33513|bug 33513]]). [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=4197fa18a22660296d0e5b84820d5ebb4cef46d4] ;Future software changes: * The next version of MediaWiki (version 1.22/wmf5) will be added to Wikimedia sites starting on May 27. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * An updated version of [[mw:Echo (Notifications)|Notifications]], with new features and fewer bugs, will be added to the English Wikipedia on May 23. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|final version]] of the "single user login" (which allows people to use the same username on different Wikimedia wikis) is moved to August 2013. The software will [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-April/000217.html automatically rename] some usernames. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000233.html] * A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flow|new discussion system]] for MediaWiki, called "Flow", is under development. Wikimedia designers need your help to inform other users, [http://unicorn.wmflabs.org/flow/ test the prototype] and discuss the interface. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069433.html]. * The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring people to act as links between software developers and users for VisualEditor. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000245.html] </div> <div style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic; background:#fdf6e3; padding:1em;">'''[[m:Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] • [[m:Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Unsubscribe]] • 21:08, 20 May 2013 (UTC) </div> <div style="float:left; background:#eee8d5; border: .2em solid #dc322f; border-left: .7em solid #dc322f; padding: 1em; "><span style="color:#dc322f;font-weight:bold;">Important note:</span> This is the first edition of the [[m:Tech/News|Tech News]] weekly summaries, which help you monitor recent software changes likely to impact you and your fellow Wikimedians. '''If you want to continue to receive the next issues every week''', please '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe to the newsletter]]'''. You can subscribe your personal talk page and a community page like this one. The newsletter can be [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|translated into your language]]. You can also [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|become a tech ambassador]], [[m:Tech/News|help us write the next newsletter]] and [[m:Talk:Tech/News|tell us what to improve]]. Your feedback is greatly appreciated. [[m:user:guillom|guillom]] 21:08, 20 May 2013 (UTC)</div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0455 --> == Trademark discussion == Hi, apologies for posting this in English, but I wanted to alert your community to a discussion on Meta about potential changes to the Wikimedia Trademark Policy. Please translate this statement if you can. We hope that you will all participate in the discussion; we also welcome translations of the legal team’s statement into as many languages as possible and encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please see the [[:m:Trademark practices discussion|Trademark practices discussion (on Meta-Wiki)]] for more information. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis_(WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Mdennis_(WMF)|talk]]) <!-- EdwardsBot 0473 --> == Free Research Accounts from Leading Medical Publisher. Come and Sign up! == [[:EN:W:TWL|The Wikipedia Library]] gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls. I want to alert you to our latest donation. *'''[[Cochrane Collaboration]]''' is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library. *Cochrane has generously agreed to give ''free, full-access accounts to medical editors''. Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account. *'''If you are active as a medical editor, come and [[WP:COCHRANE|sign up :)]]''' Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:18, 16 June 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0487 --> == Cochrane Library Sign-up (correct link) == My apologies for the incorrect link: You can sign up for '''[[:EN:W:Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane Collaboration]]''' accounts at the [[:EN:W:WP:COCHRANE|COCHRANE sign-up page]]'''. Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:52, 16 June 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0488 --> == [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|X!'s Edit Counter]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <small>(Sorry for writing in English. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests_for_comment/X!%27s_Edit_Counter/Summary|translate the proposal]].)</small> Should [[tools:~tparis/pcount|X!'s edit counter]] retain the opt-in requirement? Your input is strongly encouraged. [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|Voice your input here]].——[[:m:w:User:Cyberpower678|<span style="color:green;font-family:Neuropol">cyberpower]] [[:m:w:User talk:Cyberpower678|<sup style="color:purple;font-family:arnprior">Chat]]<sub style="margin-left:-4.4ex;color:purple;font-family:arnprior">Automation</sub> 04:57, 23 June 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0505 --> == Universal Language Selector will be enabled on 2013-07-09 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> On July 9, 2013, [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) will be enabled on this wiki. The ULS provides a flexible way to configure and deliver language settings like interface language, fonts, and input methods (keyboard mappings). Making it available here is the last phase of making ULS available on all Wikimedia wikis. Please read the announcement on [[m:Announcement Universal Language Selector|Meta-Wiki]] for more information. [[m:User_talk:Siebrand|Siebrand]] 12:54, 4 July 2013 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0515 --> == Pywikipedia is migrating to git == Hello, Sorry for English but It's very important for bot operators so I hope someone translates this. [[mw:PWB|Pywikipedia]] is migrating to Git so after July 26, SVN checkouts won't be updated If you're using Pywikipedia you have to switch to git, otherwise you will use out-dated framework and your bot might not work properly. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit|manual]] for doing that and a [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/07/23/pywikipediabot-moving-to-git-on-july-26/ blog post] explaining about this change in non-technical language. If you have question feel free to ask in [[mw:Manual talk:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit]], [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/pywikipedia-l mailing list], or in the [irc://irc.freenode.net/#pywikipediabot IRC channel]. Best [[mw:User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] <small>(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).</small> 13:43, 23 July 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0534 --> == VisualEditor and your Wikipedia == ''(Please translate this message)'' Greetings, The Wikimedia Foundation will soon turn on [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] for all users, all the time on your Wikipedia. Right now your Wikipedia does not have any local documents on VisualEditor, and we hope that your community can change that. To find out about how you can help with translations visit the [[mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|TranslationCentral for VisualEditor]] and read the easy instructions on [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Localization|bringing information to your Wikipedia]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide]] and the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ|FAQ]] are very important to have in your language. We want to find out as much as we can from you about VisualEditor and how it helps your Wikipedia, and having local pages is a great way to start. We also encourage you to [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|leave feedback on Mediawiki]] where the community can offer ideas, opinions, and point out bugs that may still exist in the software that need to be reported to [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=VisualEditor Bugzilla]. If you are able to speak for the concerns of others in English on MediaWiki or locally I encourage you to help your community to be represented in this process. If you can help translate the user interface for VisualEditor to your language, you can help with that as well. [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc Translatewiki] has open tasks for translating VisualEditor. A direct link to translate the user interface is [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=!translated&action=translate&group=ext-visualeditor here]. You can see how we are doing with those translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc here]. You need an account on Translatewiki to translate. This account is free and easy to create. If we can help your community in any way with this process, please let me know and I will do my best to assist your Wikipedia with this |exciting development. You can contact me on my [[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|meta talk page]] or by [[Special:EmailUser/Keegan (WMF)|email]]. You can also contact [[mw:User_talk:PEarley_(WMF)|Patrick Earley]] for help with translations and documents on Mediawiki. We look forward to working with you to bring the VisualEditor experience to your Wikipedia! [[:m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:12, 30 July 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0549 --> == HTTPS for users with an account == Greetings. Starting on August 21 (tomorrow), all users with an account will be using [[m:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS]] to access Wikimedia sites. HTTPS brings better security and improves your privacy. More information is available at [[m:HTTPS]]. If HTTPS causes problems for you, tell us [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org on bugzilla], [[m:IRC|on IRC]] (in the <code>#wikimedia-operations</code> channel) or [[m:Talk:HTTPS|on meta]]. If you can't use the other methods, you can also send an e-mail to <code>https@wikimedia.org</code>. [[m:User:Greg (WMF)|Greg Grossmeier]] <small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)</small>. 19:37, 20 August 2013 (UTC) <small>(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0560 --> == [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Request for consultation on community logo]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|thumb|Request for consultation on this community logo]] First, I’d like to apologize for the English. If you can, please help to translate this for other members of your community. The legal team at the Wikimedia Foundation would greatly appreciate your input on the best way to manage the "community logo" (pictured here) to best balance protection of the projects with community support. Accordingly, they have created a “request for consultation” on Meta where they set out briefly some of the issues to be considered and the options that they perceive. [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Your input would be invaluable]] in helping guide them in how best to serve our mission. Thank you! --[[m:User:Mdennis|Mdennis]] ([[m:User talk:Mdennis|talk]]) <small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)</small>. 03:07, 24 September 2013 (UTC) <small>(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0590 --> == [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] == [[File:Notifications-Flyout-Screenshot-08-10-2013-Cropped.png|thumb|300px|Notifications inform you of new activity that affects you -- and let you take quick action.]] ''(This message is in English, please translate as needed)'' Greetings! [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] will inform users about new activity that affects them on this wiki in a unified way: for example, this new tool will let you know when you have new talk page messages, edit reverts, mentions or links -- and is designed to augment (rather than replace) the watchlist. The Wikimedia Foundation's editor engagement team developed this tool (code-named 'Echo') earlier this year, to help users contribute more productively to MediaWiki projects. We're now getting ready to bring Notifications to almost all other Wikimedia sites, and are aiming for a 22 October deployment, as outlined in [[mw:Echo/Release_Plan_2013|this release plan]]. It is important that notifications is translated for all of the languages we serve. There are three major points of translation needed to be either done or checked: *[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-echo#sortable:3=desc Echo on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate *[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-thanks#sortable:3=desc Thanks on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate *[[mw:Help:Notifications|Notifications help on mediawiki.org]]. This page can be hosted after translation on mediawiki.org or we can localize it to this Wikipedia. You do not have to have an account to translate on mediawiki, but single-user login will create it for you there if you follow the link. :*[[mw:Echo/Release Plan 2013#Checklist|Checklist]] Please let us know if you have any questions, suggestions or comments about this new tool. For more information, visit [[mw:Echo_(Notifications)|this project hub]] and [[mw:Help:Notifications|this help page]]. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:10, 4 October 2013 (UTC) :<small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system) (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0597 --> == Speak up about the trademark registration of the Community logo. == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, Please join the consultation about the Community logo that represents Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation]]. This community consultation was commenced on September 24. The following day, two individuals filed a legal opposition against the registration of the Community logo. The question is whether the Wikimedia Foundation should seek a collective membership mark with respect to this logo or abandon its registration and protection of the trademark. We want to make sure that everyone get a chance to speak up so that we can get clear direction from the community. We would therefore really appreciate the community's help in translating this announcement from English so that everyone is able to understand it. Thanks, [[m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] & [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] 20:47, 8 October 2013 (UTC) </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0601 --> == Introducting Beta Features == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate if necessary)'' We would like to let you know about [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features]], a new program from the Wikimedia Foundation that lets you try out new features before they are released for everyone. Think of it as a digital laboratory where community members can preview upcoming software and give feedback to help improve them. This special preference page lets designers and engineers experiment with new features on a broad scale, but in a way that's not disruptive. Beta Features is now ready for testing on [[mw:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|MediaWiki.org]]. It will also be released on Wikimedia Commons and MetaWiki this Thursday, 7 November. Based on test results, the plan is to release it on all wikis worldwide on 21 November, 2013. Here are the first features you can test this week: * [[mw:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|Media Viewer]] — view images in large size or full screen * [[mw:VisualEditor/Beta_Features/Formulae|VisualEditor Formulæ]] (for wikis with [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]) — edit algebra or equations on your pages * [[mw:Typography_Update|Typography Refresh]] — make text more readable (coming Thursday) Would you like to try out Beta Features now? After you log in on MediaWiki.org, a small 'Beta' link will appear next to your 'Preferences'. Click on it to see features you can test, check the ones you want, then click 'Save'. Learn more on the [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features page]]. After you've tested Beta Features, please let the developers know what you think on [[mw:Talk:About_Beta_Features|this discussion page]] -- or report any bugs [http://wmbug.com/new?product=MediaWiki%20extensions&component=BetaFeatures here on Bugzilla]. You're also welcome to join [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|this IRC office hours chat]] on Friday, 8 November at 18:30 UTC. Beta Features was developed by the Wikimedia Foundation's Design, Multimedia and VisualEditor teams. Along with other developers, they will be adding new features to this experimental program every few weeks. They are very grateful to all the community members who helped create this project — and look forward to many more productive collaborations in the future. Enjoy, and don't forget to let developers know what you think! [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:34, 5 November 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]])</small>, 20:34, 5 November 2013 (UTC) </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0622 --> == Call for comments on draft trademark policy == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, The Wikimedia legal team invites you to participate in the development of the new Wikimedia trademark policy. The [[:wmf:Trademark policy|current trademark policy]] was introduced in 2009 to protect the [[:wmf:Wikimedia trademarks|Wikimedia marks]]. We are now updating this policy to better balance permissive use of the marks with the legal requirements for preserving them for the community. The new draft trademark policy is ready for your review [[:m:Trademark policy|here]], and we encourage you to discuss it [[:m:Talk:Trademark policy|here]]. We would appreciate if someone would translate this message into your language so more members of your community can contribute to the conversation. Thanks, <br /> [[:m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] & [[:m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0657 --> ==VisualEditor coming to this wiki== Hello. Please excuse the English. I would be grateful if you can translate this message! VisualEditor is coming to this project on December 2, 2013. VisualEditor is software in development to allow people to edit pages in MediaWiki without needing to learn wikitext syntax (like typing <nowiki>[[</nowiki> to start a link). It is already available and in use on some Wikipedia projects. Please see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ]] for more information. When this software arrives, you will have the option to use it or to use the current wikitext editor. When you press “edit”, you will get the new VisualEditor software. To use the wikitext editor, you can press “edit source”. For more information about how to use VisualEditor, see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]]. We hope that this software will be useful to people in your community, and we can really use your help to make it better! Please let us know if you find any problems. If you're willing and able, please [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/How to report a bug|report the issue in bugzilla]] in the [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=VisualEditor&format=guided "VisualEditor" product]. If you would prefer not, please explain the issue you found on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|central feedback page]] on mediawiki.org. Once VisualEditor is made available, if there are any urgent problems, like an unexpected bug suddenly causing widespread severe problems, please e-mail James Forrester, the Product Manager, at jforrester@wikimedia.org for immediate attention. We would also appreciate help with translation with the pages about VisualEditor here and on MediaWiki.org, and its user interface. To translate the user interface, start by creating an account at [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AFirstSteps&type=on TranslateWiki]. Once your account request is approved, all you need to do is select your language from [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc this list]. This will give you a list of individual lines and paragraphs. The English original will be on one side, with the option to “edit” on the other. Pressing “edit” will open an edit window where you can work. The User Guide is another important document. To translate this, simply go to [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|the MediaWiki.org page]], and select “translate this page”. Your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. If you want to help with translations and would like to talk about how, please leave a message for me on my talk page. Thank you, and happy editing! --[[User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Mdennis (WMF)|talk]]) 19:36, 19 November 2013 (UTC) == Request for comment on Commons: Should Wikimedia support MP4 video? == ''I apologize for this message being only in English. Please translate it if needed to help your community.'' The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|multimedia team]] seeks community guidance on a proposal to support the [[w:MP4|MP4 video format]]. This digital video standard is used widely around the world to record, edit and watch videos on mobile phones, desktop computers and home video devices. It is also known as [[w:MP4|H.264/MPEG-4 or AVC]]. Supporting the MP4 format would make it much easier for our users to view and contribute video on Wikipedia and Wikimedia projects -- and video files could be offered in dual formats on our sites, so we could continue to support current open formats (WebM and Ogg Theora). However, MP4 is a patent-encumbered format, and using a proprietary format would be a departure from our current practice of only supporting open formats on our sites -- even though the licenses appear to have acceptable legal terms, with only a small fee required. We would appreciate your guidance on whether or not to support MP4. Our Request for Comments presents views both in favor and against MP4 support, based on opinions we’ve heard in our discussions with community and team members. [[commons:Commons:Requests for comment/MP4 Video|Please join this RfC -- and share your advice]]. All users are welcome to participate, whether you are active on Commons, Wikipedia, other Wikimedia project -- or any site that uses content from our free media repository. You are also welcome to join tomorrow's [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|Office hours chat on IRC]], this Thursday, January 16, at 19:00 UTC, if you would like to discuss this project with our team and other community members. We look forward to a constructive discussion with you, so we can make a more informed decision together on this important topic. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 06:47, 16 January 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MP4_notice_targets&oldid=7105580 --> == Universal Language Selector will be enabled by default again on this wiki by 21 February 2014 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> On January 21 2014 the MediaWiki extension [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) was [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Jan2014|disabled]] on this wiki. A new preference was added for logged-in users to turn on ULS. This was done to prevent slow loading of pages due to ULS webfonts, a behaviour that had been observed by the Wikimedia Technical Operations team on some wikis. We are now ready to enable ULS again. The temporary preference to enable ULS will be removed. A [[commons:File:ULS-font-checkbox.png|new checkbox]] has been added to the Language Panel to enable/disable font delivery. This will be unchecked by default for this wiki, but can be selected at any time by the users to enable webfonts. This is an interim solution while we improve the feature of webfonts delivery. You can read the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Feb2014|announcement]] and the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Upcoming Development Plan|development plan]] for more information. Apologies for writing this message only in English. Thank you. [[m:User_talk:Runab WMF|Runa]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Reenable_2014&oldid=7490703 --> == Amendment to the Terms of Use == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello all, Please join a discussion about a [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|proposed amendment]] to the [[wmf:Terms of Use|Wikimedia Terms of Use]] regarding undisclosed paid editing and we encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please translate this statement if you can, and we welcome you to translate the proposed amendment and introduction. Please see [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|the discussion on Meta Wiki]] for more information. Thank you! [[:m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 22:00, 21 February 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7499312 --> == Call for project ideas: funding is available for community experiments == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:IEG_key_blue.png|100px|right]] ''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.'' Do you have an idea for a project that could improve your community? [[m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants]] from the Wikimedia Foundation help support individuals and small teams to organize experiments for 6 months. You can get funding to try out your idea for online community organizing, outreach, tool-building, or research to help make {{SITENAME}} better. In March, we’re looking for new project proposals. Examples of past Individual Engagement Grant projects: *[[m:Grants:IEG/Build_an_effective_method_of_publicity_in_PRChina|Organizing social media for Chinese Wikipedia]] ($350 for materials) *[[m:Grants:IEG/Visual_editor-_gadgets_compatibility|Improving gadgets for Visual Editor]] ($4500 for developers) *[[m:Grants:IEG/The_Wikipedia_Library|Coordinating access to reliable sources for Wikipedians]] ($7500 for project management, consultants and materials) *[[m:Grants:IEG/Elaborate_Wikisource_strategic_vision|Building community and strategy for Wikisource]] (€10000 for organizing and travel) '''[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-applying|Proposals]] are due by 31 March 2014.''' There are a number of ways to [[m:Grants:IEG|get involved]]! Hope to have your participation, --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 19:44, 28 February 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:AKoval (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEG/MassMessageList&oldid=7675744 --> == Proposed optional changes to Terms of Use amendment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello all, in response to some community comments in the discussion on the amendment to the Terms of Use on undisclosed paid editing, we have prepared two optional changes. Please [[m:Terms_of_use/Paid_contributions_amendment#Optional_changes|read about these optional changes on Meta wiki]] and share your comments. If you can (and this is a non english project), please translate this announcement. Thanks! [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 21:56, 13 March 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7592057 --> == Changes to the default site typography coming soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> This week, the typography on Wikimedia sites will be updated for all readers and editors who use the default "Vector" skin. This change will involve new serif fonts for some headings, small tweaks to body content fonts, text size, text color, and spacing between elements. The schedule is: * '''April 1st''': non-Wikipedia projects will see this change live * '''April 3rd''': Wikipedias will see this change live This change is very similar to the "Typography Update" Beta Feature that has been available on Wikimedia projects since November 2013. After several rounds of testing and with feedback from the community, this Beta Feature will be disabled and successful aspects enabled in the default site appearance. Users who are logged in may still choose to use another skin, or alter their [[Special:MyPage/vector.css|personal CSS]], if they prefer a different appearance. Local [[MediaWiki:Common.css|common CSS]] styles will also apply as normal, for issues with local styles and scripts that impact all users. For more information: * [[mw:Typography refresh|Summary of changes and FAQ]] * [[mw:Talk:Typography refresh|Discussion page]] for feedback or questions * [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/03/27/typography-refresh/ Post] on blog.wikimedia.org -- [[m:User:Steven (WMF)|Steven Walling]] (Product Manager) on behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Design|User Experience Design]] team </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Steven (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7990801 --> == Media Viewer == <br> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, my apologies for writing in English. I wanted to let you know that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] will be released to this wiki in the coming weeks. Media Viewer allows readers of Wikimedia projects to have an enhanced view of files without having to visit the file page, but with more detail than a thumbnail. You can try Media Viewer out now by turning it on in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Features]]. If you do not enjoy Media Viewer or if it interferes with your work after it is turned on you will be able to disable Media Viewer as well in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferences]]. I invite you to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|share what you think]] about Media Viewer and how it can be made better in the future. Thank you for your time. - [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 21:29, 23 May 2014 (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> </br> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Multimedia/Media_Viewer&oldid=8631315 --> == Media Viewer is now live on this wiki == <br> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Media_Viewer_Desktop_-_Large_Image_Opaque_Info.png|thumb|Media Viewer lets you see images in larger size]] Greetings— and sorry for writing in English, please translate if it will help your community, The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|Multimedia team]] is happy to announce that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] was just released on this site today. Media Viewer displays images in larger size when you click on their thumbnails, to provide a better viewing experience. Users can now view images faster and more clearly, without having to jump to separate pages — and its user interface is more intuitive, offering easy access to full-resolution images and information, with links to the file repository for editing. The tool has been tested extensively across all Wikimedia wikis over the past six months as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] and has been [[mw:Multimedia/Media_Viewer/Release_Plan#Timeline|released]] to the largest Wikipedias, all language Wikisources, and the English Wikivoyage already. If you do not like this feature, you can easily turn it off by clicking on "Disable Media Viewer" at the bottom of the screen, pulling up the information panel (or in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]]) whether you have an account or not. Learn more [[mw:Help:Multimedia/Media_Viewer#How_can_I_turn_off_this_feature.3F|in this Media Viewer Help page]]. Please let us know if you have any questions or comments about Media Viewer. You are invited to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|share your feedback in this discussion on MediaWiki.org]] in any language, to help improve this feature. You are also welcome to [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-all?c=announce-all take this quick survey in English], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-fr en français], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-es o español]. We hope you enjoy Media Viewer. Many thanks to all the community members who helped make it possible. - [[mw:User:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|Fabrice Florin (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|talk]]) 21:54, 19 June 2014 (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Multimedia/Media_Viewer&oldid=8631315 --> == VisualEditor global newsletter—June 2014 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> This is a <u>one-time mailing</u> to projects that may need this information. Future newsletters will be available as '''opt-in only'''. To receive future newsletters (about one per month), please '''add your page to the subscribers' list at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter]]. You're welcome to translate to your language.''' <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#666666;"></div> <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#A7D7F9;"></div> <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#339966;"></div> <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#990000;"></div> <br /> <div style="float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:VisualEditor - Toolbar - Formatting.png|alt=The character formatting menu|centre|frameless|316x316px]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> The character formatting menu, or "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-style-tooltip}}" menu lets you set bold, italic, and other text styles. "Clear formatting" removes all text styles and removes links to other pages. Do you think that clear formatting should remove links? Are there changes you would like to see for this menu? [[:mw:Thread:VisualEditor/Feedback/Clearing formatting_and_links|Share your opinion at MediaWiki.org]]. [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> ''The [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] team is mostly working to fix bugs, improve performance, reduce technical debt, and other infrastructure needs. You can find [[:mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]] weekly updates detailing recent work.'' * They have moved the "{{int:visualeditor-dialog-command-help-title}}" link out of the "{{int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}}" menu, into the "{{int:visualeditor-help-tool}}" menu. Within dialog boxes, buttons are now more accessible (via the Tab key) from the keyboard. * You can now '''see the target of the link''' when you click on it, without having to open the inspector. * The team also expanded '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal/TemplateData|TemplateData]]''': You can now add a parameter type  "<code>date"</code> for dates and times in the [[w:ISO 8601|ISO 8601]] format, and  "<code>boolean"</code> for values which are true or false. Also, templates that redirect to other templates (like <code><nowiki>{{citeweb}}</nowiki></code> → <code><nowiki>{{cite web}}</nowiki></code>) now get the TemplateData of their target ([[bugzilla:50964|bug 50964]]). You can test TemplateData by editing [[:mw:Template:Sandbox/doc]]. * Category: and File: pages now display their contents correctly after saving an edit ([[bugzilla:65349|bug 65349]], [[bugzilla:64239|bug 64239]]) * They have also improved '''reference editing''': You should no longer be able to add empty citations with VisualEditor (bug 64715), as with references. When you edit a reference, you can now empty it and click the "use an existing reference" button to replace it with another reference instead.  * It is now possible to edit '''inline images''' with VisualEditor. Remember that inline images cannot display captions, so existing captions get removed. Many other bugs related to images were also fixed. * You can now add and edit <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>__DISAMBIG__</nowiki></code> in the "{{int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}}" menu, rounding out the full set of page options currently planned. * The tool to insert '''special characters''' is now wider and simpler.</div> === Looking ahead === <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The VisualEditor team has posted a draft of their goals for the next fiscal year. You can read them and suggest changes [[:mw:Wikimedia Engineering/2014-15 Goals#Editing|on MediaWiki.org]]. The team posts details about planned work on [[:mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor's roadmap]]. You will soon be able to '''drag-and-drop text''' as well as images. If you drag an image to a new place, it won't let you place it in the middle of a paragraph. All dialog boxes and windows will be simplified based on user testing and feedback. The VisualEditor team [[:mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''autofill features''']]''' for citations'''. <mark>Your [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Reference Dialog|ideas about making referencing quick and easy]] are still wanted.</mark> Support for '''upright image sizes''' is being developed. The designers are also working on support for '''viewing and editing hidden HTML comments''' and '''adding rows and columns to tables'''. </div> === Supporting your wiki === <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Please read [[:mw:VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor/Citation tool]] for information on configuring the new '''citation template menu''', labeled "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}". This menu will not appear unless it has been configured on your wiki. If you speak a language other than English, '''we need your help with translating [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]]'''. The guide is out of date or incomplete for many languages, and what's on your wiki may not be the most recent translation. Please [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#Getting_started_with_translations|contact us]] if you need help getting started with translation work on MediaWiki.org. VisualEditor can be made available to most non-Wikipedia projects. If your community would like to test VisualEditor, please contact product manager [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] or file an enhancement request in Bugzilla. Please share your questions, suggestions, or problems by posting a note at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]] or by joining the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] on '''Saturday, 19 July 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=21&min=00&sec=0&day=19&month=07&year=2014 21:00 UTC]''' (daytime for the Americas and Pacific Islands) or on '''Thursday, 14 August 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&min=00&sec=0&day=14&month=08&year=2014 9:00 UTC]''' (daytime for Europe, Middle East, Asia). If you'd like to get this newsletter on your own page (about once a month), please subscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]] (or at [[:w:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter]] for English Wikipedia only). Thank you! --[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 22:33, 25 June 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter_2&oldid=9006419 --> == Updates related to VisualEditor == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> :''Please help translate this message in your language. Thanks :) '' Hi, everybody. This is a reminder that we invite you to discuss VisualEditor's recent development and plans ahead during the '''[[:m:IRC office hours|next office hours]]''' with James Forrester (Product Manager): *[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&min=00&sec=0&day=14&month=08&year=2014 Thursday, August 14, 9:00 UTC]; *[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=16&min=00&sec=0&day=18&month=09&year=2014 Thursday, September 18, 16:00 UTC]. If you are not able to attend but have a question for James, you can leave your question [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|at mediawiki.org]] or on my talk page <u>by the day before</u>, and I will try to get a response. We plan to continue these monthly sessions as long as there is community interest, and to announce them through the '''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|VisualEditor global newsletter]]''' as well (please subscribe your talk page there to get the latest news about the software). Most of the VisualEditor team will be at '''[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimania in London]''' in August! You'll be able to meet the developers during the Hackaton or at the following sessions: *[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/VisualEditor_%E2%80%94_helping_users_edit_more_easily VisualEditor — helping users edit more easily], Saturday, August 9; *[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/VisualEditor_—_engineering_against_the_odds VisualEditor — engineering against the odds], Sunday, August 10. WMF community liaisons will share a booth with community advocates at the Community Village and look forward to talking to you there. Thanks for your attention! --[[User:Elitre (WMF)]] 16:02, 31 July 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&oldid=9365654 --> == VisualEditor global newsletter—July and August 2014 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|200px]] ''The [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] team is currently working mostly to fix bugs, improve performance, reduce technical debt, and other infrastructure needs. You can find [[:mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]] weekly updates detailing recent work.'' [[File:VisualEditor - Link editing inline box.png|thumb|Dialog boxes in VisualEditor have been re-designed to use action words instead of icons. This has increased the number of [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#Translate the VisualEditor interface|items that need to be translated]]. [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] is also being updated. |alt=Screenshot of VisualEditor's link tool|240px]] The biggest visible change since the last newsletter was to the dialog boxes. '''The design for each dialog box and window was simplified.''' The most commonly needed buttons are now at the top. Based on user feedback, the buttons are now labeled with simple words (like "Cancel" or "Done") instead of potentially confusing icons (like "<" or "X"). Many of the buttons to edit links, images, and other items now also show the linked page, image name, or other useful information when you click on them. * '''Hidden HTML comments''' (notes visible to editors, but not to readers) can now be read, edited, inserted, and removed. A small icon (a white exclamation mark on a dot) marks the location of each comments. You can click on the icon to see the comment. * You can now '''drag and drop text''' and templates as well as images. A new placement line makes it much easier to see where you are dropping the item. Images can no longer be dropped into the middle of paragraphs. * '''All references and footnotes ('''<code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>''' tags) are now made through the "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}" menu''', including the "{{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-reference-tooltip}}" (manual formatting) footnotes and the ability to re-use an existing citation, both of which were previously accessible only through the "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}" menu. The "{{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-referencelist-tooltip}}" is still added via the "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}" menu. * When you add an image or other media file, you are now prompted to add an '''image caption''' immediately. You can also replace an image whilst keeping the original caption and other settings. * All tablet users visiting the '''mobile web''' version of Wikipedias will be able to opt-in to a version of VisualEditor from 14 August. You can test the new tool by choosing the beta version of the mobile view in the Settings menu. * The '''link tool''' has a new "Open" button that will open a linked page in another tab so you can make sure a link is the right one. * The '''"Cancel" button''' in the toolbar has been removed based on user testing. To cancel any edit, you can leave the page by clicking the Read tab, the back button in your browser, or closing the browser window without saving your changes. </div> === Looking ahead === <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The team posts details about planned work on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The VisualEditor team [[:mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']]''' for citations''' soon. <mark>Your [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Reference Dialog|ideas about making referencing quick and easy]] are still wanted.</mark> Support for '''upright image sizes''' is being developed. The designers are also working on support for '''adding rows and columns to tables'''. Work to support '''Internet Explorer''' is ongoing. </div> === Feedback opportunities === <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The Editing team will be making two presentations this weekend at '''Wikimania''' in London. The first is with product manager James Forrester and developer Trevor Parscal on [[wm2014:Submissions/VisualEditor_—_helping_users_edit_more_easily|Saturday at 16:30]]. The second is with developers Roan Kattouw and Trevor Parscal on [[wm2014:Submissions/VisualEditor_—_engineering_against_the_odds|Sunday at 12:30]]. There is a '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Translathon|VisualEditor Translation Sprint]]''' going on during Wikimania; whether you're in London or not, any contributions are welcome! Please share your questions, suggestions, or problems by posting a note at the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|'''VisualEditor feedback page''']] or by joining the [[:m:IRC office hours|'''office hours discussion''']] on Thursday, 14 August 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&min=00&sec=0&day=14&month=08&year=2014 09:00 UTC] (daytime for Europe, Middle East and Asia) or on Thursday, 18 September 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&min=00&sec=0&day=14&month=08&year=2014http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=16&min=00&sec=0&day=18&month=09&year=2014 16:00 UTC] (daytime for the Americas; evening for Europe). If you'd like to get this newsletter on your own page (about once a month), please subscribe at [[:w:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter]] for English Wikipedia only or at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]] for any project. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 14:40, 9 August 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&oldid=9366342 --> == Letter petitioning WMF to reverse recent decisions == The Wikimedia Foundation recently created a new feature, "superprotect" status. The purpose is to prevent pages from being edited by elected administrators -- but permitting WMF staff to edit them. It has been put to use in only one case: to protect the deployment of the Media Viewer software on German Wikipedia, in defiance of a clear decision of that community to disable the feature by default, unless users decide to enable it. If you oppose these actions, please add your name to this letter. If you know non-Wikimedians who support our vision for the free sharing of knowledge, and would like to add their names to the list, please ask them to sign an identical version of the letter on change.org. * [[:m:Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer|Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer]] * [http://www.change.org/p/lila-tretikov-remove-new-superprotect-status-and-permit-wikipedia-communities-to-enact-current-software-decisions-uninhibited Letter on change.org] -- [[:m:User:JurgenNL|JurgenNL]] ([[:m:User talk:JurgenNL|talk]]) 17:35, 21 August 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JurgenNL@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=9313374 --> == Process ideas for software development == <div class=”mw-content-ltr”> ’’My apologies for writing in English.’’ Hello, I am notifying you that a brainstorming session has been [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)/Process ideas|started on Meta]] to help the Wikimedia Foundation increase and better affect community participation in software development across all wiki projects. Basically, how can you be more involved in helping to create features on Wikimedia projects? We are inviting all interested users to voice their ideas on how communities can be more involved and informed in the product development process at the Wikimedia Foundation. It would be very appreciated if you could translate this message to help inform your local communities as well. I and the rest of [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)|my team]] welcome you to participate. We hope to see you on Meta. Kind regards, -- [[m:User:Rdicerb (WMF)|Rdicerb (WMF)]] [[m:User talk:Rdicerb (WMF)|talk]] 22:15, 21 August 2014 (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=9313374 --> == Grants to improve your project == :''Apologies for English. Please help translate this message.'' Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals for funding new experiments from September 1st to 30th. Your idea could improve Wikimedia projects with a new tool or gadget, a better process to support community-building on your wiki, research on an important issue, or something else we haven't thought of yet. Whether you need $200 or $30,000 USD, Individual Engagement Grants can cover your own project development time in addition to hiring others to help you. *'''[[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|Submit your proposal]]''' *'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:52, 2 September 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=9730503 --> == VisualEditor available on Internet Explorer 11 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless|200x200px]] VisualEditor will become available to users of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 during today's regular software update. Support for some earlier versions of Internet Explorer is being worked on. If you encounter problems with VisualEditor on Internet Explorer, please contact the Editing team by leaving a message at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]] on Mediawiki.org. Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 07:29, 11 September 2014 (UTC). PS. Please subscribe to the [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|global monthly newsletter]] to receive further news about VisualEditor. </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/All_Wikipedias&oldid=9829651 --> == VisualEditor News #8—2014 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:TemplateData GUI editor with two parameters.png|alt=|centre|frameless|230x230px]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> TemplateData is a separate program that organizes information about the parameters that can be used in a template. VisualEditor reads that data, and uses it to populate its simplified template dialogs. With the new TemplateData editor, it is easier to add information about parameters, because the ones you need to use are pre-loaded. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]] for more information about adding TemplateData. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing]] team has reduced technical debt, simplified some workflows for template and citation editing, made major progress on Internet Explorer support, and fixed [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/buglist.cgi?list_id=349619&order=priority%252Cbug_severity&product=VisualEditor&query_format=advanced&resolution=FIXED&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-14&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-21&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-28&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-04&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-11&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-18&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-25&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-02 over 125 bugs and requests]. Several performance improvements were made, especially to the system around re-using references and reference lists. Weekly updates are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]]. There were three issues that required urgent fixes: a deployment error that meant that many buttons didn't work correctly (bugs [[bugzilla:69856|69856]] and [[bugzilla:69864|69864]]), a problem with edit conflicts that left the editor with nowhere to go ([[bugzilla:69150|bug 69150]]), and a problem in Internet Explorer 11 that replaced some categories with a link to the system message [[MediaWiki:Badtitletext]] ([[bugzilla:70894|bug 70894]]) when you saved. The developers apologize for the disruption, and thank the people who reported these problems quickly. === Increased support for devices and browsers === '''Internet Explorer 10 and 11 users now have access to VisualEditor'''. This means that about 5% of Wikimedia's users will now get an "Edit" tab alongside the existing "Edit source" tab. Support for Internet Explorer 9 is planned for the future. '''Tablet users''' browsing the site's mobile mode now have the option of using a mobile-specific form of VisualEditor. More editing tools, and availability of VisualEditor on smartphones, is planned for the future. The '''mobile version of VisualEditor''' was tweaked to show the context menu for citations instead of basic references ([[bugzilla:68897|bug 68897]]). A bug that broke the editor in iOS was corrected and released early ([[bugzilla:68949|bug 68949]]). For mobile tablet users, three bugs related to scrolling were fixed ([[bugzilla:66697|bug 66697]], [[bugzilla:68828|bug 68828]], [[bugzilla:69630|bug 69630]]). You can use VisualEditor on the mobile version of Wikipedia from your tablet by clicking on the cog in the top-right when editing a page and choosing which editor to use. === TemplateData editor === '''The tool for editing [[mw:Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]] has been deployed to 30 more Wikipedias this week.''' Other Wikipedias and some other projects may receive access next month. This tool makes it easier to add TemplateData to the template's documentation. When the tool is enabled, it will add a button above every editing window for a template (including documentation subpages). To use it, edit the template page or a subpage, and then click the "{{int:templatedata-editbutton}}" button at the top. Read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]]. You can test the TemplateData editor [[mw:Template:Sandbox/doc|in a sandbox at Mediawiki.org]]. Remember that TemplateData should be placed either on a documentation subpage '''''or''''' on the template page itself. Only one block of TemplateData will be used per template. === Other changes === Several interface '''messages and labels were changed''' to be simpler, clearer, or shorter, based on feedback from translators and editors. The formatting of dialogs was changed, and more changes to the appearance will be coming soon, when VisualEditor implements the new MediaWiki theme from Design. (A preview of the theme is [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|available on Labs]] for developers.) The team also made some improvements for users of the '''Monobook''' skin that improved the size of text in toolbars and fixed selections that overlapped menus. VisualEditor-MediaWiki now supplies the <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">mw-redirect</code> and <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">mw-disambig</code> class on '''links to redirects and disambiguation pages''', so that user gadgets that colour in these types of links can be created. '''Templates' fields can be marked as '<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">required</code>' '''in TemplateData. If a parameter is marked as required, then you cannot delete that field when you add a new template or edit an existing one ([[bugzilla:60358|bug 60358]]). Language support improved by making annotations use bi-directional isolation (so they display correctly with cursoring behaviour as expected) and by fixing a bug that crashed VisualEditor when trying to edit a page with a <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">dir</code> attribute but no <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">lang</code> set ([[bugzilla:69955|bug 69955]]). === Looking ahead === The team posts details about planned work on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The VisualEditor team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' soon, perhaps in late October. The team is also working on support for '''adding rows and columns to tables''', and early work for this may appear within the month. <mark>Please comment on the design [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Table editor#Design Workflow for comments|at Mediawiki.org]].</mark> In the future, real-time collaborative editing may be possible in VisualEditor. Some early preparatory work for this was recently done. === Supporting your wiki === At Wikimania, several developers gave presentations about VisualEditor. A translation sprint focused on improving access to VisualEditor was supported by many people. '''Deryck Chan''' was the top translator. Special honors also go to '''संजीव कुमार (Sanjeev Kumar)''', '''Robby''', '''Takot''', '''Bachounda''', '''Bjankuloski06''' and '''Ата'''. A [[mw:VisualEditor/Translathon#Highlights from the Translathon|summary]] of the work achieved by the translation community is available. Thank you all for your work. This was the first translatable VisualEditor newsletter, so thanks to everybody who made this possible! If it hasn't been delivered in your language, and you'd like to help with translations in the future, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or contact <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span>, so that you will be notified when the next issue is due. VisualEditor can be made available to most non-Wikipedia projects. If your community would like to test VisualEditor, please contact product manager <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User talk:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]</span> or file an [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=VisualEditor&component=General enhancement request in Bugzilla]. Please join the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] on Saturday, 18 October 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&min=00&sec=0&day=18&month=10&year=2014 18:00 UTC] (daytime for the Americas; evening for Africa and Europe) and on Wednesday, 19 November at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=VisualEditor+office+hour+for+November&iso=20141119T16&p1=1440 16:00 UTC] on [[:w:IRC|IRC]]. ''Give feedback on VisualEditor at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback.]] Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!'' —<span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 09:49, 13 October 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&oldid=10123380 --> == Meta RfCs on two new global groups == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello all, There are currently requests for comment open on meta to create two new global groups. The first is a group for members of the OTRS permissions queue, which would grant them autopatrolled rights on all wikis except those who opt-out. That proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Creation of a global OTRS-permissions user group]]. The second is a group for Wikimedia Commons admins and OTRS agents to view deleted file pages through the 'viewdeletedfile' right on all wikis except those who opt-out. The second proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Global file deletion review]]. We would like to hear what you think on both proposals. Both are in English; if you wanted to translate them into your native language that would also be appreciated. It is possible for individual projects to opt-out, so that users in those groups do not have any additional rights on those projects. To do this please start a local discussion, and if there is consensus you can request to opt-out of either or both at [[m:Stewards' noticeboard]]. Thanks and regards, [[m:User:Ajraddatz|Ajraddatz]] ([[m:User talk:Ajraddatz|talk]]) 18:05, 26 October 2014 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ajraddatz@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=10024331 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (November 2014) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for: *'''DeGruyter''': 1000 new accounts for English and German-language research. Sign up on one of two language Wikipedias: **[[w:en:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|English signup]] **[[w:de:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|Deutsch signup]] *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Fold3|Fold3]]''': 100 new accounts for American history and military archives *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:ScotlandsPeople|Scotland's People]]''': 100 new accounts for Scottish genealogy database *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]''': expanded by 100+ accounts for British newspapers *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|Highbeam]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for newspaper and magazine archives *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia| Questia]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal and social science articles *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal archives Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].23:19, 5 November 2014 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=9909230 --> == Global AbuseFilter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is a MediaWiki extension used to detect likely abusive behavior patterns, like pattern vandalism and spam. In 2013, [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global AbuseFilters]] were enabled on a limited set of wikis including Meta-Wiki, MediaWiki.org, Wikispecies and (in early 2014) all the "[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=small.dblist small wikis]". Recently, global abuse filters were enabled on "[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=medium.dblist medium sized wikis]" as well. These filters are currently managed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and have shown to be very effective in preventing mass spam attacks across Wikimedia projects. However, there is currently no policy on how the global AbuseFilters will be managed although there are proposals. There is an ongoing [[m:Requests for comment/Global AbuseFilter|request for comment]] on policy governing the use of the global AbuseFilters. In the meantime, specific wikis can opt out of using the global AbuseFilter. These wikis can simply add a request to [[m:Global AbuseFilter/Opt-out wikis|this list]] on Meta-Wiki. More details can be found on [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter/2014 announcement|this page]] at Meta-Wiki. If you have any questions, feel free to ask on [[m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter|m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter]]. Thanks, [[m:User:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]], [[m:User:Glaisher|Glaisher]]</div> — 17:36, 14 November 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Glaisher@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_AbuseFilter/2014_announcement_distribution_list&oldid=10495115 --> == VisualEditor News #9—2014 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:VisualEditor - moble tablet switching.png|alt=Screenshot on an iPad, showing how to switch from one editor to the other|centre|frameless|230x230px]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> VisualEditor is also available on the mobile version of Wikipedia. Log in and click the pencil icon to open the page you want to edit. Click on the gear-shaped settings button in the upper-right corner to pick which editor to use. Choose "{{int:Mobile-frontend-editor-visual-editor}}" to use VisualEditor, or "{{int:Mobile-frontend-editor-source-editor}}" to use the wikitext editor. It will remember whether you used wikitext or VisualEditor, and use the same editor the next time you edit an article. [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor. Not all features are available on the mobile website. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/buglist.cgi?list_id=355757&product=VisualEditor&query_format=advanced&resolution=FIXED&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-09&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-16&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-23%20%281.25wmf5%29&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-29%20%281.25wmf6%29 bugs and requests], and worked on support for editing tables and for using non-Latin languages. Their weekly updates are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]]. Informal notes from the recent quarterly review were posted [[m:WMF_Metrics_and_activities_meetings/Quarterly_reviews/Editing/October_2014|on Meta]]. === Recent improvements === Basic support for '''inserting tables''' and changing the number of rows and columns in them was just introduced to Wikipedias. Advanced features, like dragging columns to different places, will be added later. To help editors find the most important items more quickly, some items in the toolbar menus are now hidden behind '''a "{{int:Ooui-toolbar-more}}" item''', such as "{{int:Visualeditor-annotationbutton-underline-tooltip}}" in the styling menu. The French Wikipedia should see '''better search results''' for links, templates, and media because the [[:mw:Help:CirrusSearch|new search engine]] was turned on for everyone there. This change is expected at the Chinese and German Wikipedias this week, and the following week at the English Wikipedia. The "pawn" system has been mostly replaced. Bugs in this system sometimes added a chess pawn character to wikitext. The replacement provides better support for '''non-Latin languages''', with full support hopefully coming soon. VisualEditor is now provided to editors who use '''Internet Explorer''' 10 or 11 on desktop and mobile devices. Internet Explorer 9 is not supported yet. The '''keyboard shortcuts''' for items in the toolbar menus are now shown in the menus. VisualEditor will replace the existing design with a '''new theme''' from the [[mw:Design|User Experience/Design group]]. The appearance of dialog boxes has already changed in the mobile version. The appearance on desktops will change soon. You are welcome to compare [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-apex-vector-ltr|the old "Apex" design]] and [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|the new "MediaWiki" theme]] which will replace it. Several bugs were fixed for internal and external links. Improvements to MediaWiki's search solved an annoying problem: If you searched for the full name of the page or file that you wanted to link, sometimes the search engine could not find the page. A link inside a template to a local page that does not exist will now show red, exactly as it does when reading the page. Due to an error, for about two weeks this also affected all external links inside templates. Opening an auto-numbered link node like [http://example.com] with the keyboard used to open the wrong link tool. These problems have all been fixed. === TemplateData === '''The tool for quickly editing [[mw:Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]] has been deployed to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on Thursday, 6 November.''' This tool was already available on the biggest 40 Wikipedias, and now all wikis will have access to it. This tool makes it easier to add TemplateData to the template's documentation. When the tool is enabled, it will add a button above every editing window for a template (including documentation subpages). To use it, edit the template or a subpage, and then click the "{{int:templatedata-editbutton}}" button at the top. Read [[mw:Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]] to learn more about it. You can test the TemplateData editor [[mw:Template:Sandbox/doc|in a sandbox at Mediawiki.org]]. Remember that TemplateData should be placed either on a documentation subpage '''''or''''' on the template page itself. Only one block of TemplateData will be used per template. You can use the '''new autovalue setting''' to pre-load a value into a template. This can be used to substitute dates, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=632356794&oldid=632356402 this example], or to add the most common value for that parameter. The autovalue can be overridden by the editor, by typing something else in the field. In TemplateData, you may '''define a parameter as "required"'''. The template dialog box in VisualEditor will warn editors if they leave a "required" parameter empty, and they will not be able to delete that parameter. If the template can function without this parameter, then please mark it as "{{int:Templatedata-doc-param-status-suggested}}" or "{{int:Templatedata-doc-param-status-optional}}" in TemplateData instead. === Looking ahead === The VisualEditor team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' soon. The appearance of the media search dialog will improve, to make picking between possible images easier and more visual. The team posts details about planned work on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]] is being updated to add information about editing tables. The translations of the user guide for most languages except Spanish, French, and Dutch are significantly out of date. '''Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&action=page&filter= complete the current translations]''' for users who speak your language. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Whatamidoing_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new Talk to us] if you need help exporting the translated guide to your wiki. '''You can influence VisualEditor's design'''! Tell the VisualEditor team what you want changed during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next sessions are on Wednesday, 19 November at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=VisualEditor+office+hour+for+November&iso=20141119T16&p1=1440 16:00 UTC] and on Wednesday 7 January 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=22&min=00&sec=0&day=7&month=1&year=2015 22:00 UTC]. You can also share your ideas at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback.]] Also, '''user experience researcher''' [[:mw:User:ARipstra (WMF)|Abbey Ripstra]] is looking for editors to show her how they edit Wikipedia. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for the research program] if you would like to hear about opportunities. If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or contact [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you! —<span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 23:29, 14 November 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&oldid=10491257 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (December 2014) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *[[w:en:WP:ELSEVIER|Elsevier]] - science and medicine journals and books *[[w:en:WP:RSC Gold|Royal Society of Chemistry]] - chemistry journals *[[w:en:wp:Pelican Books|Pelican Books]] - ebook monographs *[[w:en:WP:Public Catalogue Foundation|Public Catalogue Foundation]]- art books Other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].00:22, 18 December 2014 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10542996 --> == VisualEditor News #10—2014 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}width:230px;border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]] [[File:VisualEditor table editing add and remove columns.png|230x230px|center|frameless|alt=Screenshot showing how to add or remove columns from a table]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size:90%;"> Basic table editing is now available in VisualEditor. You can add and remove rows and columns from tables at the click of a button. [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div> </div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on table editing and performance. Their weekly status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. '''VisualEditor was deployed to several hundred remaining wikis''' as an opt-in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] at the end of November, except for most Wiktionaries (which depend heavily upon templates) and all Wikisources (which await integration with [[mw:Extension:Proofread Page|ProofreadPage]]). === Recent improvements === Basic support for '''editing tables''' is now available. You can add and delete tables, add and remove rows and columns, set or remove a caption for a table, and merge cells together. To change the contents of a cell, double-click inside it. More features will be added in the coming months. In addition, VisualEditor now ignores broken, invalid <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">rowspan</code> and <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">colspan</code> elements, instead of trying to repair them. You can now use '''find and replace''' in VisualEditor, reachable through the tool menu or by pressing <kbd><code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">^ Ctrl</code></kbd>+<kbd><code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">F</code></kbd> or <kbd><code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">⌘ Cmd</code></kbd>+<kbd><code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">F</code></kbd>. You can now create and edit simple <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><nowiki><blockquote></nowiki></code> paragraphs for quoting and indenting content. This changes a "{{Int:Visualeditor-formatdropdown-format-paragraph}}" into a "{{Int:Visualeditor-formatdropdown-format-blockquote}}". Some '''new keyboard sequences''' can be used to format content. At the start of the line, typing "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">* </code>" will make the line a bullet list; "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">1.</code>" or "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">#</code>" will make it a numbered list; "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">==</code>" will make it a section heading; "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">: </code>" will make it a blockquote. If you didn't mean to use these tools, you can press undo to undo the formatting change. There are also two other keyboard sequences: "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code>" for opening the link tool, and "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code>" for opening the template tool, to help experienced editors. The existing standard keyboard shortcuts, like <kbd><code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">^ Ctrl</code></kbd>+<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">K</code> to open the link editor, still work. If you add a category that has been redirected, then VisualEditor now adds its target. Categories without description pages show up as red. You can again create and edit '''galleries''' as wikitext code. === Looking ahead === The current VisualEditor design will be replaced with a '''new theme''' designed by the [[mw:Design|User Experience group]]. The new theme will be visible for desktop systems at mediawiki.org in late December and on other sites in early January. (You can see a developer preview of [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-apex-vector-ltr|the old "Apex" theme]] and [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|the new "MediaWiki" one]] which will replace it.) The Editing team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' in January. Planned changes to the media search dialog will make choosing between possible images easier. === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. * Translations of the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]] for most languages are outdated. Only Ukrainian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Dutch translations are nearly current. Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&language=&action=page&filter= complete the current translations] for users who speak your language. * Talk to the Editing team during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Wednesday, 7 January 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=22&min=00&sec=0&day=7&month=1&year=2015 22:00 UTC]. * File requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. * The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 18:59, 26 December 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=10823356 --> == VisualEditor News #1—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|300px|right|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]] Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's appearance, the coming Citoid reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The Wikimedia Foundation has named [[:mw:Wikimedia_Engineering/2014-15_Goals#Top_departmental_priorities_for_Q3_.28January-March_2015.29|its top priorities for this quarter]] (January to March). The first priority is making VisualEditor ready for deployment by default to all new users and logged-out users at the remaining large Wikipedias. You can help identify these requirements. <mark>There will be weekly '''triage meetings '''which''' will be open to volunteers''' beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC). </mark> Tell Vice President of Engineering [[:foundation:User:Damon_Sicore_(WMF)|Damon Sicore]], Product Manager [[:mw:User:Jdforrester_(WMF)|James Forrester]] and other team members which bugs and features are most important to you. The decisions made at these meetings will determine what work is necessary for this quarter's goal of making VisualEditor ready for deployment to new users. The presence of volunteers who enjoy contributing MediaWiki code is particularly appreciated. Information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins. Due to some breaking changes in MobileFrontend and VisualEditor, VisualEditor was not working correctly on the mobile site for a couple of days in early January. The teams apologize for the problem. === Recent improvements === The''' new design for VisualEditor''' aligns with MediaWiki's [[mw:Frontend standards group|Front-End Standards]] as led by the Design team. Several new versions of the [[mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]] library have also been released, and these also affect the appearance of VisualEditor and other MediaWiki software extensions. Most changes were minor, like changing the text size and the amount of white space in some windows. Buttons are consistently color-coded to indicate whether the action: * starts a new task, like opening the {{int:visualeditor-toolbar-savedialog}} dialog: <span style="background-color: #015ccc; color:white"> blue </span>, * takes a constructive action, like inserting a citation: <span style="background-color: #008c6d; color:white"> green </span>, * might remove or lose your work, like removing a link: <span style="background-color: #a7170f; color:white"> red </span>, or * is neutral, like opening a link in a new browser window: <span style="color: 757575"> gray </span>. The '''TemplateData editor''' has been completely re-written to use a different design based on the same OOjs UI system as VisualEditor. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67815 T67815], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73746 T73746].) This change fixed a couple of existing bugs and improved usability. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73077 T73077], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73078 T73078].) '''Search and replace''' in long documents is now faster. It does not highlight every occurrence if there are more than 100 on-screen at once.([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T78234 T78234].) Editors at the Hebrew and Russian Wikipedia requested the ability to use VisualEditor in the "Article Incubator" or drafts namespace. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86688 T86688], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T87027 T87027].) If your community would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''' on your wiki, then you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change. === Looking ahead === The Editing team will soon add '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. The '''[[mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[w:URL|URL]] or [[w:en: Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for ISBNs, PMIDs, and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to contribute to the Citoid service's definitions for each website, to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections. We will need editors to help test the '''new design of the special character inserter''', especially if you speak Welsh, Breton, or another language that uses diacritics or special characters extensively. The new version should be available for testing next week. Please contact [[:en:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] if you would like to be notified when the new version is available. After the special character tool is completed, VisualEditor will be deployed to all users at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5 Wikipedias]]. This will affect about 50 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans, Azerbaijani, Breton, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Mongolian, Tatar, and Welsh'''. The date for this change has not been determined. === Let's work together === *Share your ideas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. *Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&language=&action=page&filter= complete translations of the user guide] for users who speak your language. *Join the weekly bug triage meetings beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC); information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins, and you can also contact [[mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James F.]] to learn more about this initiative. *Talk to the Editing team during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Thursday, 19 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=19&month=2&year=2015 19:00 UTC]. *Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 18:30, 5 February 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=10839689 --> == [Global proposal] m.{{SITENAME}}.org: {{int:group-all}} {{int:right-edit}} == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Mediawiki-mobile-smartphone.png|thumb|MediaWiki mobile]] Hi, this message is to let you know that, on domains like {{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.'''m'''.wikipedia.org, '''unregistered users cannot edit'''. At the Wikimedia Forum, where global configuration changes are normally discussed, a few dozens users [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Proposal: restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites|propose to restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites]]. Please read and comment! Thanks and sorry for writing in English, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 22:33, 1 March 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11428885 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals *[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 21:14, 2 March 2015 (UTC) :''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10785744 --> == Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content == This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new ideas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idea that could help address this problem, please get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31. All proposals are welcome - research projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outreach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on ideas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring someone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge! :*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]] ''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:02, 4 March 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=11457822 --> == SUL finalization update == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi all,apologies for writing in English, please read [[m:Single_User_Login_finalisation_announcement/Schema_announcement|this page]] for important information and an update involving [[m:Help:Unified login|SUL finalization]], scheduled to take place in one month. Thanks. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:45, 13 March 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/Everyone_but_meta_and_de&oldid=11538208 --> == Stewards confirmation rules == Hello, I made [[:m:Requests_for_comment/Confirmation_of_stewards|a proposal on Meta]] to change the rules for the steward confirmations. Currently consensus to remove is required for a steward to lose his status, however I think it's fairer to the community if every steward needed the consensus to keep. As this is an issue that affects all WMF wikis, I'm sending this notification to let people know & be able to participate. Best regards, --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]]</small> 16:13, 10 April 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MF-Warburg@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11737694 --> == VisualEditor News #2—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source: [[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]] Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results. Click the green "Insert" button to accept its results and add them to the article: [[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]] After inserting the citation, you can change it. Select the reference, and click the "Edit" button in the context menu to make changes. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, each Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&p1=224&am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC). You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. === Recent improvements === VisualEditor is now substantially faster. In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%. The Editing team is slowly adding '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias. The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for each website. Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates. If you would like to request this feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki. The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users. After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March. This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Korean and Japanese. These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] ("IMEs”). Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users. The design for the image selection process is now using a "masonry fit" model. Images in the search results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|"packed" mode in image galleries]]. This style helps you find the right image by making it easier to see more details in images. You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appearance ​on the page. The pop-up window that appears when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the "context menu". It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename. The team has also added an explicit "Edit" button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item. '''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section headings. Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to boolean value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instead. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734]) === Looking ahead === The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at each wiki will also have the option of creating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. The team is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors. The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666]) === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * Can you translate from English into any other language? Please check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor-ve&suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language. [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! * The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * File requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 19:48, 10 April 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=11742174 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|Nominations are being accepted for 2015 Wikimedia Foundation elections]] == ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translations]] are available.'' [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|100px|right]] Greetings, I am pleased to announce that nominations are now being accepted for the 2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections. This year the Board and the FDC Staff are looking for a diverse set of candidates from regions and projects that are traditionally under-represented on the board and in the movement as well as candidates with experience in technology, product or finance. To this end they have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|published letters]] describing what they think is needed and, recognizing that those who know the community the best are the community themselves, the election committee is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|accepting nominations]] for community members you think should run and will reach out to those nominated to provide them with information about the job and the election process. This year, elections are being held for the following roles: ''Board of Trustees''<br/> The Board of Trustees is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long term sustainability of the Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. There are three positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|the board elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''<br/> The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|the FDC elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) Ombud''<br/> The FDC Ombud receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees, and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. The candidacy submission phase lasts from 00:00 UTC April 20 to 23:59 UTC May 5 for the Board and from 00:00 UTCApril 20 to 23:59 UTC April 30 for the FDC and FDC Ombudsperson. This year, we are accepting both self-nominations and nominations of others. More information on this election and the nomination process can be found on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|the 2015 Wikimedia elections page on Meta-Wiki]]. Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the talk page on Meta, or sent to the election committee's mailing list, board-elections -at- wikimedia.org On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 05:03, 21 April 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11918510 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections 2015]] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|right|75px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Voting has begun]] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|FDC Ombudsperson]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' will continue during the voting. Nominations for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Board of Trustees]]'' will be accepted until 23:59 UTC May 5. The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions on the committee being filled. The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee/Ombudsperson role, expectations, and selection process|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]], and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 3 to 23:59 UTC May 10. '''[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Click here to vote]].''' Questions and discussion with the candidates will continue during that time. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC candidates a question]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC Ombudsperson candidates a question]].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|2015 FDC election page]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|2015 FDC Ombudsperson election page]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 Board election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 03:45, 4 May 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12082785 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences (200 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for geographies within the United States (10 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]''' — an extensive legal research database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:12, 4 May 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12114173 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting. The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12206621 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting. The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12206621 --> == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == Content Translation beta-feature is now available == Hello, [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has now been enabled as an opt-in beta feature on the Kinyarwanda Wikipedia. To start translating: # Please enable the Beta feature in your preferences and check the box for Content Translation. # Visit the page [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page to open the tool. # Click on the blue button to create a new translation. # A dialog will be displayed. In the From section select the language of the original article and the article name, and the language you would like to translate to. Also add the title of the new article (or the original title will be inserted) and click on Translate to begin. Your language preferences will be remembered for the next time. # You will see a screen consisting of three columns. The left column contains the text of the source language and the middle column is for the translated text. Using the right column you can perform several actions such as insert source text, remove the inserted text source text, add or remove links etc. # After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Kinyarwanda Wikipedia by using the publish button that appears. In case the article gets created by another user while you were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace. # The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]]. Since, this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but please do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101669 Phabricator] if you spot any problems that prevent you from using the tool. For more information, please read the information available in the [[:mw:Content_translation/Documentation/User_guide|User Guide]]. You can also view a [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm short screencast] on how to use Content Translation. Our announcement is written only in English, and we would really appreciate if this message can be translated to reach more users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. --[[User:Runab WMF|Runab WMF]] ([[User talk:Runab WMF|talk]]) 15:35, 9 June 2015 (UTC) == VisualEditor News #3—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> The link tool has been re-designed: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has created new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design. Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase. During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not. The main goal of the study is to learn which group was more likely to save an edit and to make productive, unreverted edits. Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month. === Recent improvements === '''Auto-fill features''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''. Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May. All citations are now created inside a single tool. Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}). The cite button is now labeled with the word "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}" rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more meaningful label, "{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}", for the submit button. The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing. It now has two separate sections: one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Search results have been reduced to the first five pages. Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appeared over the first match in the link inspector. ([[phab:T98085|T98085]]) The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at each wiki can also create a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Please read the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. Also, there is now a tooltip to describing each character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]]) Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''. When you search for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The parameter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a parameter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on "{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}" each time they want to add another parameter. ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The team added a '''new property for TemplateData''', "{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}", for template parameters. This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that parameter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]]) The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme. In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars. Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design feature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled. The team has released a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''. If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed. === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC). Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. * If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then please contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. * If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki. *The team is planning the second VisualEditor-related "translathon" for July. Please follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div>10:44, 13 June 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=12206605 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor & Francis]]''' — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts & Humanities and Biological, Environment & Earth Sciences. (30 accounts) *'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]''' — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present. (100 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts) '''New French-Language Branch!''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts). * '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) — Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts). * '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials (1000 accounts). Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12455967 --> == HTTPS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. Hi everyone. Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals. [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified. Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions. /[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]] </div> 22:01, 19 June 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/HTTPS_global_message_delivery&oldid=12471979 --> == Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]] [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]] There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side) This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) & [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:07, 24 July 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12485605 --> == Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]] [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]] There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side) This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) & [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:37, 24 July 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12485605 --> == What does a Healthy Community look like to you? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]] Hi, <br> The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community. Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship! Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]] === Why get involved? === '''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn? <br/> Share your views on this matter that affects us all! <br> '''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' === More information === * All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. * <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"> All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at <nowiki>23:59</nowiki> UTC''' </span> * <big> Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' </big> * URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign * Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org <br> Happy editing! <br> <br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:42, 31 July 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MCruz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12909005 --> == What does a Healthy Community look like to you? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]] Hi, <br> The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community. Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship! Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]] === Why get involved? === '''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn? <br/> Share your views on this matter that affects us all! <br> '''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' === More information === * All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. * <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"> All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at <nowiki>23:59</nowiki> UTC''' </span> * <big> Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' </big> * URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign * Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org <br> Happy editing! <br> <br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:59, 1 August 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MCruz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12909005 --> == Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is coming == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> (Sorry for writing in English) When using data from Wikidata on Wikipedia and other sister projects, there is currently a limitation in place that hinders some use cases: data can only be accessed from the corresponding item. So, for example, the Wikipedia article about Berlin can only get data from the Wikidata item about Berlin but not from the item about Germany. This had technical reasons. We are now removing this limitation. It is already done for many projects. Your project is one of the next ones. We will roll out this feature here on August 12. We invite you to play around with this new feature if you are one of the people who have been waiting for this for a long time. If you have technical issues/questions with this you can come to [[d:Wikidata:Contact the development team]]. A note of caution: Please be careful with how many items you use for a single page. If it is too many pages, loading might get slow. We will have to see how the feature behaves in production to see where we need to tweak and how. How to use it, once it is enabled: * Parser function: <nowiki>{{#property:P36|from=Q183}}</nowiki> to get the capital from the item about Germany * Lua: see [[mw:Extension:Wikibase Client/Lua]] Cheers [[:d:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:46, 3 August 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lydia_Pintscher_(WMDE)/Distribution_List&oldid=12981073 --> == Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is here == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> (Sorry for writing in English) Hi everyone, As I have previously announced here we have now enabled the arbitrary access feature here. This means from now on you can make use of data from any Wikidata item in any article here. Before you could for example only access data about Berlin in the article about Berlin. If you want to find out more or have questions please come to [[d:Wikidata:Arbitrary access]]. I hope this will open up great possibilities for you and make your work easier. Cheers [[:d:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)]] 13:32, 12 August 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lydia_Pintscher_(WMDE)/Distribution_List&oldid=12983468 --> == VisualEditor News #4—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/August|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> You can add quotations marks before and after a title or phrase with a single click. Select the relevant text. Find the correct quotations marks in the special character inserter tool (marked as Ω in the toolbar).<br><br> [[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 2.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool, selected text, and the special character that will be inserted|centre|frameless|230px]] <br> Click the button. VisualEditor will add the quotation marks on either side of the text you selected.<br><br> [[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 3.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool and the same text after the special character has been inserted|centre|frameless|230px]] <br> You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] have been working on mobile phone support. They have fixed many bugs and improved language support. They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving language support and functionality on mobile devices. === Wikimania === The team attended Wikimania 2015 in Mexico City. There they participated in the Hackathon and met with individuals and groups of users. They also made several presentations about [[c:File:How_we_made_VisualEditor_faster.pdf|VisualEditor]] and the [[:c:File:Wikimania_2015_–_Editing_Department_–_Beyond_Editing.pdf|future of editing]]. Following Wikimania, we announced winners for the [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon VisualEditor 2015 Translathon]. Our thanks and congratulations to users ''Halan-tul'', ''Renessaince'', ''<span lang="ne" dir="ltr">जनक राज भट्ट</span> (Janak Bhatta)'', ''Vahe Gharakhanyan'', ''Warrakkk'', and ''Eduardogobi''. For '''interface messages''' (translated at [https://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net]), we saw the initiative affecting 42 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 56.5% before the translathon, and 78.2% after ('''+21.7%'''). In particular, Sakha improved from 12.2% to 94.2%; Brazilian Portuguese went from 50.6% to 100%; Taraškievica went from 44.9% to 85.3%; Doteli went from 1.3% to 41.2%. Also, while 1.7% of the messages were outdated across all languages before the translathon, the percentage dropped to 0.8% afterwards (-0.9%). For '''documentation messages''' (on mediawiki.org), we saw the initiative affecting 24 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 26.6% before translathon, and 46.9% after ('''+20.3%'''). There were particularly notable achievements for three languages. Armenian improved from 1% to 99%; Swedish, from 21% to 99%, and Brazilian Portuguese, from 34% to 83%. Outdated translations across all languages were reduced from 8.4% before translathon to 4.8% afterwards (-3.6%). [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon#Graphs_(interface_messages_only) We published some graphs] showing the effect of the event on the Translathon page. We thank the translators for participating and the translatewiki.net staff for facilitating this initiative. === Recent improvements === '''Auto-fill features for citations''' can be enabled on each Wikipedia. The tool uses the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]''' to convert a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] into a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. You can see an animated GIF of the quick, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/GIFs#Auto-citing_a_source|simple process at mediawiki.org]]. So far, about a dozen Wikipedias have enabled the auto-citation tool. To enable it for your wiki, follow the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|instructions at mediawiki.org]]. Your wiki can customize the first section of the '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor. Please follow the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special_characters|instructions at mediawiki.org]] to put the characters you want at the top. In other changes, if you need to fill in a [[:mw:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]] and get it wrong, then you can click to get a new one to complete. VisualEditor can now display and edit [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:Graph|Vega-based graphs]]. If you use the Monobook skin, VisualEditor's appearance is now more consistent with other software. === Future changes === The team will be changing the '''appearance of selected links''' inside VisualEditor. The purpose is to make it easy to see whether your cursor is inside or outside the link. When you select a link, the link label (the words shown on the page) will be enclosed in a faint box. If you place your cursor inside the box, then your changes to the link label will be part of the link. If you place your cursor outside the box, then it will not. This will make it easy to know when new characters will be added to the link and when they will not. On the English Wikipedia, 10% of newly created accounts are now offered both the visual and the wikitext editors. A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|recent controlled trial]] showed no significant difference in survival or productivity for new users in the short term. New users with access to VisualEditor were very slightly less likely to produce results that needed reverting. You can learn more about this by watching a video of the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase#July_2015|July 2015 Wikimedia Research Showcase]]. The proportion of new accounts with access to both editing environments will be gradually increased over time. Eventually all new users have the choice between the two editing environments. === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. This feedback page is now using [[mw:Flow|Flow]] instead of LiquidThreads. * <mark>Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?</mark> Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|mediawiki.org]] if you can help. * If your wiki would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''', you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change. * Please file requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the styling menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. * The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Tuesdays at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC). Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q1 blocker, though. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! </div> —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 22:28, 14 August 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=12980645 --> == VisualEditor News #4—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/August|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> You can add quotations marks before and after a title or phrase with a single click. Select the relevant text. Find the correct quotations marks in the special character inserter tool (marked as Ω in the toolbar).<br><br> [[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 2.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool, selected text, and the special character that will be inserted|centre|frameless|230px]] <br> Click the button. VisualEditor will add the quotation marks on either side of the text you selected.<br><br> [[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 3.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool and the same text after the special character has been inserted|centre|frameless|230px]] <br> You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] have been working on mobile phone support. They have fixed many bugs and improved language support. They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving language support and functionality on mobile devices. === Wikimania === The team attended Wikimania 2015 in Mexico City. There they participated in the Hackathon and met with individuals and groups of users. They also made several presentations about [[c:File:How_we_made_VisualEditor_faster.pdf|VisualEditor]] and the [[:c:File:Wikimania_2015_–_Editing_Department_–_Beyond_Editing.pdf|future of editing]]. Following Wikimania, we announced winners for the [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon VisualEditor 2015 Translathon]. Our thanks and congratulations to users ''Halan-tul'', ''Renessaince'', ''<span lang="ne" dir="ltr">जनक राज भट्ट</span> (Janak Bhatta)'', ''Vahe Gharakhanyan'', ''Warrakkk'', and ''Eduardogobi''. For '''interface messages''' (translated at [https://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net]), we saw the initiative affecting 42 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 56.5% before the translathon, and 78.2% after ('''+21.7%'''). In particular, Sakha improved from 12.2% to 94.2%; Brazilian Portuguese went from 50.6% to 100%; Taraškievica went from 44.9% to 85.3%; Doteli went from 1.3% to 41.2%. Also, while 1.7% of the messages were outdated across all languages before the translathon, the percentage dropped to 0.8% afterwards (-0.9%). For '''documentation messages''' (on mediawiki.org), we saw the initiative affecting 24 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 26.6% before translathon, and 46.9% after ('''+20.3%'''). There were particularly notable achievements for three languages. Armenian improved from 1% to 99%; Swedish, from 21% to 99%, and Brazilian Portuguese, from 34% to 83%. Outdated translations across all languages were reduced from 8.4% before translathon to 4.8% afterwards (-3.6%). [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon#Graphs_(interface_messages_only) We published some graphs] showing the effect of the event on the Translathon page. We thank the translators for participating and the translatewiki.net staff for facilitating this initiative. === Recent improvements === '''Auto-fill features for citations''' can be enabled on each Wikipedia. The tool uses the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]''' to convert a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] into a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. You can see an animated GIF of the quick, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/GIFs#Auto-citing_a_source|simple process at mediawiki.org]]. So far, about a dozen Wikipedias have enabled the auto-citation tool. To enable it for your wiki, follow the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|instructions at mediawiki.org]]. Your wiki can customize the first section of the '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor. Please follow the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special_characters|instructions at mediawiki.org]] to put the characters you want at the top. In other changes, if you need to fill in a [[:mw:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]] and get it wrong, then you can click to get a new one to complete. VisualEditor can now display and edit [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:Graph|Vega-based graphs]]. If you use the Monobook skin, VisualEditor's appearance is now more consistent with other software. === Future changes === The team will be changing the '''appearance of selected links''' inside VisualEditor. The purpose is to make it easy to see whether your cursor is inside or outside the link. When you select a link, the link label (the words shown on the page) will be enclosed in a faint box. If you place your cursor inside the box, then your changes to the link label will be part of the link. If you place your cursor outside the box, then it will not. This will make it easy to know when new characters will be added to the link and when they will not. On the English Wikipedia, 10% of newly created accounts are now offered both the visual and the wikitext editors. A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|recent controlled trial]] showed no significant difference in survival or productivity for new users in the short term. New users with access to VisualEditor were very slightly less likely to produce results that needed reverting. You can learn more about this by watching a video of the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase#July_2015|July 2015 Wikimedia Research Showcase]]. The proportion of new accounts with access to both editing environments will be gradually increased over time. Eventually all new users have the choice between the two editing environments. === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. This feedback page is now using [[mw:Flow|Flow]] instead of LiquidThreads. * <mark>Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?</mark> Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|mediawiki.org]] if you can help. * If your wiki would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''', you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change. * Please file requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the styling menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. * The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Tuesdays at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC). Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q1 blocker, though. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! </div> —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 00:05, 15 August 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=12980645 --> == How can we improve Wikimedia grants to support you better? == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Hello, The Wikimedia Foundation would like your feedback about how we can '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|reimagine Wikimedia Foundation grants]]''', to better support people and ideas in your Wikimedia project. Ways to participate: *Respond to questions on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|the discussion page of the idea]]. *Join a [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|small group conversation]]. *Learn more about [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Consultation|this consultation]]. Feedback is welcome in any language. With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. ([[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/ProjectTargets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> 23:08, 18 August 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/ProjectTargets&oldid=13196071 --> == Introducing the Wikimedia public policy site == Hi all, We are excited to introduce a new Wikimedia Public Policy site. The site includes resources and position statements on access, copyright, censorship, intermediary liability, and privacy. The site explains how good public policy supports the Wikimedia projects, editors, and mission. Visit the public policy portal: https://policy.wikimedia.org/ Please help translate the [[m:Public policy|statements on Meta Wiki]]. You can [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/09/02/new-wikimedia-public-policy-site/ read more on the Wikimedia blog]. Thanks, [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] and [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Stephen]] ([[m:User talk:Slaporte (WMF)|Talk]]) 18:13, 2 September 2015 (UTC) ''(Sent with the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery system]])'' <!-- Message sent by User:Slaporte (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Slaporte_(WMF)/Announcing_public_policy_site&oldid=13439030 --> == Open call for Individual Engagement Grants == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Greetings! The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] Thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 20:52, 4 September 2015 (UTC) ([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13476366 --> == Open call for Individual Engagement Grants == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Greetings! The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] Thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 21:56, 4 September 2015 (UTC) ([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13476366 --> == New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete * '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access "clipping" feature (1000 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development (50 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' - one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) * '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]''' - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC) :''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=13664781 --> == New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete * '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access "clipping" feature (1000 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development (50 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' - one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) * '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]''' - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC) :''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=13664781 --> == Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! == (Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.) '''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline. If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today! Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well. Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] 21:02, 22 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13754911 --> == Reimagining WMF grants report == ''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)'' Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated! '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes| A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available. Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]]. With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 16:56, 28 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/ProjectTargets&oldid=13850666 --> == VisualEditor News #5—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/October|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> You can use the visual editor on smartphones and tablets.<br><br>[[File:Switching edit modes to VisualEditor on Mobile web.png|alt=Screenshot showing the menu for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]<br> Click the pencil icon to open the editor for a page. Inside that, use the gear menu in the upper right corner to "{{int:mobile-frontend-editor-switch-visual-editor}}". The editing button will remember which editing environment you used last time, and give you the same one next time. The desktop site will be switching to a system similar to this one in the coming months. <br><br>You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs, added new features, and made some small design changes. They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages like Japanese and Arabic, making it easier to edit on mobile devices, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading. === Recent improvements === '''Educational features:''' The first time ever you use the visual editor, it now draws your attention to the {{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-link-tooltip}} and {{Int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}} tools. When you click on the tools, it explains why you should use them. ([[Phab:T108620|T108620]]) Alongside this, the welcome message for new users has been simplified to make editing more welcoming. ([[Phab:T112354|T112354]]) More in-software educational features are planned. '''Links:''' It is now easier to understand when you are adding text to a link and when you are typing plain text next to it. ([[Phab:T74108|T74108]], [[Phab:T91285|T91285]]) The editor now fully supports ISBN, PMID or RFC numbers. ([[Phab:T109498|T109498]], [[Phab:T110347|T110347]], [[Phab:T63558|T63558]]) These [[:en:Help:Magic_links|"magic links"]] use a custom link editing tool. '''Uploads:''' Registered editors can now '''upload images''' and other media to Commons while editing. Click the new tab in the "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}} {{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-media-tooltip}}" tool. You will be guided through the process without having to leave your edit. At the end, the image will be inserted. This tool is limited to one file at a time, owned by the user, and licensed under Commons's standard license. For more complex situations, the tool links to more advanced upload tools. You can also drag the image into the editor. This will be available in the wikitext editor later. '''Mobile:''' Previously, the visual editor was available on the mobile Wikipedia site only on tablets. Now, editors can use it on all devices regardless of size if they wish. ([[Phab:T85630|T85630]]) Edit conflicts were previously broken on the mobile website. Edit conflicts can now be resolved in both wikitext and visual editors. ([[Phab:T111894|T111894]]) Sometimes templates and similar items could not be deleted on the mobile website. Selecting them caused the on-screen keyboard to hide with some browsers. Now there is a new "{{int:Visualeditor-contextitemwidget-label-remove}}" button, so that these things can be removed if the keyboard hides. ([[Phab:T62110|T62110]]) You can also edit table cells in mobile now. '''Rich editing tools:''' You can now add and edit '''sheet''' '''music''' in the visual editor. ([[Phab:T112925|T112925]]) There are separate tabs for advanced options, such as MIDI and Ogg audio files. ([[Phab:T114227|T114227]], [[Phab:T113354|T113354]]) When editing '''formulæ''' and other blocks, errors are shown as you edit. It is also possible to edit some types of '''graphs'''; adding new ones, and support for new types, will be coming. On the '''English Wikipedia''', the visual editor is now automatically available to anyone who creates an account. The preference switch was moved to the normal location, under [[Special:Preferences]]. === Future changes === You will soon be able to '''switch from the wikitext to the visual editor''' after you start editing. ([[phab:T49779|T49779]]) Previously, you could only switch from the visual editor to the wikitext editor. Bi-directional switching will make possible a '''single edit tab.''' ([[phab:T102398|T102398]]) This project will combine the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" and "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}" tabs into a single "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab, similar to the system already used on the mobile website. The "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time. === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]]. This feedback page uses [[mw:Flow|Flow]] for discussions. * <mark>Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?</mark> Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]). * Local admins can [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]. If you need help, then please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki. * The weekly task triage meetings are open to volunteers. Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration, though. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! </div>—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 18:18, 30 October 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=14334116 --> == Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi everyone! Apologies for posting in English. Translations are very welcome. The [[:m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is focused on building improved curation and moderation tools for experienced Wikimedia contributors. We're now starting a '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]''' to find the most useful projects that we can work on. For phase 1 of the survey, we're inviting all active contributors to submit brief proposals, explaining the project that you'd like us to work on, and why it's important. Phase 1 will last for 2 weeks. In phase 2, we'll ask you to vote on the proposals. Afterwards, we'll analyze the top 10 proposals and create a prioritized wishlist. While most of this process will be conducted in English, we're inviting people from any Wikimedia wiki to submit proposals. We'll also invite volunteer translators to help translate proposals into English. Your proposal should include: the problem that you want to solve, who would benefit, and a proposed solution, if you have one. You can submit your proposal on the Community Wishlist Survey page, using the entry field and the big blue button. We will be accepting proposals for 2 weeks, ending on November 23. We're looking forward to hearing your ideas! </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Community Tech Team via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:57, 9 November 2015 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&oldid=14554458 --> == Wikimania 2016 scholarships ambassadors needed == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! [[wm2016:|Wikimania 2016]] scholarships will soon be open; by the end of the week we'll form the committee and we need your help, see [[wm2016:Special:MyLanguage/Scholarship committee|Scholarship committee]] for details. If you want to carefully review nearly a thousand applications in January, you might be a perfect committee member. Otherwise, you can '''volunteer as "ambassador"''': you will observe all the committee activities, ensure that people from your language or project manage to apply for a scholarship, translate '''scholarship applications written in your language''' to English and so on. Ambassadors are allowed to ask for a scholarship, unlike committee members. [[wm2016:Scholarship committee|Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam]] 10:48, 10 November 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=14347818 --> == Harassment consultation == {{int:Please-translate}} The Community Advocacy team the Wikimedia Foundation has opened a consultation on the topic of '''harassment''' on [[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Meta]]. The consultation period is intended to run for one month from today, November 16, and end on December 17. Please share your thoughts there on harassment-related issues facing our communities and potential solutions. (Note: this consultation is not intended to evaluate specific cases of harassment, but rather to discuss the problem of harassment itself.) ::*[[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Harassment consultation 2015]] :Regards, [[m:Community Advocacy|Community Advocacy, Wikimedia Foundation]] <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=14684364 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Your input requested on the proposed #FreeBassel banner campaign]] == ''This is a message regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|proposed 2015 Free Bassel banner]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translations]] are available.'' Hi everyone, This is to inform all Wikimedia contributors that a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|straw poll seeking your involvement]] has just been started on Meta-Wiki. As some of your might be aware, a small group of Wikimedia volunteers have proposed a banner campaign informing Wikipedia readers about the urgent situation of our fellow Wikipedian, open source software developer and Creative Commons activist, [[:w:Bassel Khartabil|Bassel Khartabil]]. An exemplary [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|banner]] and an [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|explanatory page]] have now been prepared, and translated into about half a dozen languages by volunteer translators. We are seeking [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|your involvement to decide]] if the global Wikimedia community approves starting a banner campaign asking Wikipedia readers to call on the Syrian government to release Bassel from prison. We understand that a campaign like this would be unprecedented in Wikipedia's history, which is why we're seeking the widest possible consensus among the community. Given Bassel's urgent situation and the resulting tight schedule, we ask everyone to [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|get involved with the poll and the discussion]] to the widest possible extent, and to promote it among your communities as soon as possible. (Apologies for writing in English; please kindly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|translate]] this message into your own language.) Thank you for your participation! ''Posted by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 21:47, 25 November 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translate]] • [[:m:Talk:Free Bassel/Banner|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=14758733 --> == Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome. We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted. Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the <nowiki>{{Support}}</nowiki> tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14. The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think! Community Tech via </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:39, 1 December 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&oldid=14913494 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (December 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] - multidisciplinary periodicals, newspapers, and reference sources - 10 accounts * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Brill|Brill]] - academic e-books and journals in English, Dutch, and other languages - 25 accounts * [[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Suomalaisen_Kirjallisuuden_Seura|Finnish Literature Society]] (in Finnish) * [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مگ‌ایران|Magiran]] (in Farsi) - scientific journal articles - 100 articles * [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:سیویلیکا|Civilica]] (in Farsi) - Iranian journal articles, seminars, and conferences - 50 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:01, 11 December 2015 (UTC) :''Help us a start Wikipedia Library in your language! Email us at wikipedialibrary@wikimedia.org''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=14689842 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Get involved in Wikipedia 15!]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|Translations]] are available.'' [[File:International-Space-Station wordmark blue.svg|right|200px]] As many of you know, January 15 is Wikipedia’s 15th Birthday! People around the world are getting involved in the celebration and have started adding their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|events on Meta Page]]. While we are celebrating Wikipedia's birthday, we hope that all projects and affiliates will be able to utilize this celebration to raise awareness of our community's efforts. Haven’t started planning? Don’t worry, there’s lots of ways to get involved. Here are some ideas: * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|Join/host an event]]'''. We already have more than 80, and hope to have many more. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media|Talk to local press]]'''. In the past 15 years, Wikipedia has accomplished extraordinary things. We’ve made a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/15 years|handy summary]] of milestones and encourage you to add your own. More resources, including a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media#releases|press release template]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Movement Communications Skills|resources on working with the media]], are also available. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Material|Design a Wikipedia 15 logo]]'''. In place of a single icon for Wikipedia 15, we’re making dozens. Add your own with something fun and representative of your community. Just use the visual guide so they share a common sensibility. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events/Package#birthdaywish|Share a message on social media]]'''. Tell the world what Wikipedia means to you, and add #wikipedia15 to the post. We might re-tweet or share your message! Everything is linked on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Wikipedia 15 Meta page]]. You’ll find a set of ten data visualization works that you can show at your events, and a [[c:Category:Wikipedia15 Mark|list of all the Wikipedia 15 logos]] that community members have already designed. If you have any questions, please contact [[m:User:ZMcCune (WMF)|Zachary McCune]] or [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]]. Thanks and Happy nearly Wikipedia 15!<br /> -The Wikimedia Foundation Communications team ''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]], 20:58, 18 December 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 15|{{int:help}}]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15158198 --> == VisualEditor News #6—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=The visual editor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> A new, simpler system for editing will offer a single Edit button. Once the page has opened, you can switch back and forth between visual and wikitext editing. [[File:VisualEditor single edit tab preference dialog.png|alt=Screenshot showing a pop-up dialog for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]<br> If you prefer having separate edit buttons, then you can set that option in your preferences, either in a pop-up dialog the next time you open the visual editor, or by going to [[Special:Preferences]] and choosing the setting that you want: <br><br>[[File:VisualEditor single edit tab in preferences 2015-12-18.png|alt=Screenshot showing a drop-down menu in Special:Preferences|centre|frameless|230x230px]] The current plan is for the default setting to have the Edit button open the editing environment you used most recently. <br><br>You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/December|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|visual editor team]] has fixed many bugs and expanded the mathematics formula tool. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages such as Japanese and Arabic, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading. === Recent improvements === You can '''switch from the wikitext editor to the visual editor''' after you start editing. The '''LaTeX mathematics formula editor''' has been significantly expanded. ([[phab:T118616|T118616)]] You can see the formula as you change the LaTeX code. You can click buttons to insert the correct LaTeX code for many symbols. === Future changes === The '''single edit tab''' project will combine the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" and "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}" tabs into a single "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab, like the system already used on the mobile website. ([[phab:T102398|T102398]], [[phab:T58337|T58337]]) Initially, the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time. Your last editing choice will be stored as a cookie for logged-out users and as an account preference for logged-in editors. Logged-in editors will be able to set a default editor in the {{int:prefs-editing}} tab of [[Special:Preferences]] in the drop-down menu about "{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}". The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the following Wikipedias in early 2016: [[w:am:|Amharic]], [[w:bug:|Buginese]], [[w:cdo:|Min Dong]], [[w:cr:|Cree]], [[w:gv:|Manx]], [[w:hak:|Hakka]], [[w:hy:|Armenian]], [[w:ka:|Georgian]], [[w:pnt:|Pontic]], [[w:sh:|Serbo-Croatian]], [[w:ti:|Tigrinya]], [[w:xmf:|Mingrelian]], [[w:za:|Zhuang]], and [[w:zh-min-nan:|Min Nan]]. ([[phab:T116523|T116523]]) Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. The developers would like to know how well it works. Please tell them what kind of computer, web browser, and keyboard you are using. In 2016, the '''feedback pages''' for the visual editor on many Wikipedias will be redirected to mediawiki.org. ([[phab:T92661|T92661]]) === Testing opportunities === * Please try the new system for the '''single edit tab''' on [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org]. You can edit while logged out to see how it works for logged-out editors, or you can create a separate account to be able to set your account's preferences. <mark>Please share your thoughts about the single edit tab system at [[mediawikiwiki:Topic:Suspcq0bf5nd3gsd|the feedback topic on mediawiki.org]] or [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for formal user research]</mark> (type "single edit tab" in the question about other areas you're interested in). The new system has not been finalized, and your feedback can affect the outcome. The team particularly wants your thoughts about the options in Special:Preferences. The current choices in Special:Preferences are: ** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}}, ** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}, ** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}, and ** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}. (This is the current state for people already using the visual editor. None of these options will be visible if you have disabled the visual editor in your preferences at that wiki.) * <mark>Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?</mark> Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]). If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 00:06, 25 December 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=15165847 --> == Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! == :{{int:Please-translate}} A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th. To apply, visit the page below: :*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships] [[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:49, 5 January 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15209973 --> == Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! == :{{int:Please-translate}} A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th. To apply, visit the page below: :*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships] [[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:49, 5 January 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15209973 --> == 2016 WMF Strategy consultation == :{{int:Please-translate}} Hello, all. The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has launched a consultation to help create and prioritize WMF strategy beginning July 2016 and for the 12 to 24 months thereafter. This consultation will be open, on Meta, from 18 January to 26 February, after which the Foundation will also use these ideas to help inform its Annual Plan. (More on our timeline can be found on that Meta page.) Your input is welcome (and greatly desired) at the Meta discussion, [[:m:2016 Strategy/Community consultation|2016 Strategy/Community consultation]]. Apologies for English, where this is posted on a non-English project. We thought it was more important to get the consultation translated as much as possible, and good headway has been made there in some languages. There is still much to do, however! We created [[:m:2016 Strategy/Translations]] to try to help coordinate what needs translation and what progress is being made. :) If you have questions, please reach out to me on my talk page or on the strategy consultation's talk page or by email to mdennis@wikimedia.org. I hope you'll join us! [[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:07, 18 January 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Mdennis (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15253743 --> == Kinyarwanda is missing == Kinyarwanda is missing from this page:<br /> https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/There_is_also_a_Wikipedia_in_your_language<br /> More than 100 languages are now listed.<br /> Thank you, [[User:Varlaam|Varlaam]] ([[User talk:Varlaam|talk]]) 00:21, 31 January 2016 (UTC) == VisualEditor News #1—2016 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/February|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=The visual editor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Among experienced editors, the visual editor's table editing is one of the most popular features. [[File:VisualEditor table menu move column.png|alt=Screenshot showing a pop-up menu for column operations in a table|centre|frameless|230x230px]] If you select the top of a column or the end of a row, you can quickly insert and remove columns and rows. Now, you can also rearrange columns and rows. Click "Move before" or "Move after" to swap the column or row with its neighbor. You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.</div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for Japanese, Korean, Arabic, Indic, and Han scripts, and improving the single edit tab interface. === Recent changes === You can '''switch from the wikitext editor to the visual editor''' after you start editing. This function is available to nearly all editors at most wikis except the Wiktionaries and Wikisources. Many local '''feedback pages''' for the visual editor have been redirected to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. You can now re-arrange columns and rows in '''tables''', as well as copying a row, column or any other selection of cells and pasting it in a new location. The '''formula editor''' has two options: you can choose "Quick edit" to see and change only the LaTeX code, or "Edit" to use the full tool. The full tool offers immediate preview and an extensive list of symbols. === Future changes === The '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' project will combine the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" and "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}" tabs into a single "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab. This is similar to the system already used on the mobile website. ([[phab:T102398|T102398]]) Initially, the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time. Your last editing choice will be stored as an account preference for logged-in editors, and as a cookie for logged-out users. Logged-in editors will have these options in the {{int:prefs-editing}} tab of [[Special:Preferences]]: * {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}}, * {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}, * {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}, and * {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}. (This is the state for people using the visual editor now.) The visual editor uses the same search engine as [[Special:Search]] to find links and files. This search will get better at detecting typos and spelling mistakes soon. These improvements to search will appear in the visual editor as well. The visual editor will be offered to all editors at most [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|"Phase 6" Wikipedias]] during the next few months. This will affect the following languages, amongst others: [[:w:ja: |'''Japanese''']], [[:w:ko:|'''Korean''']], [[:w:ur: |'''Urdu''']], [[:w:fa: |'''Persian''']], [[:w:ar: |'''Arabic''']], [[:w:ta: |'''Tamil''']], [[:w:mr: |'''Marathi''']], [[:w:ml: |'''Malayalam''']], [[:w:hi: |'''Hindi''']], [[:w:bn: |'''Bengali''']], [[:w:as: |'''Assamese''']], [[:w:th: |'''Thai''']], [[:w:arc: |'''Aramaic''']]. === Let's work together === * Please try out the newest version of the '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' on [[test2wiki:Special:Random|test2.wikipedia.org]]. You may need to restore the default preferences (at the bottom of [[test2wiki:Special:Preferences]]) to see the initial prompt for options. Were you able to find a preference setting that will work for your own editing? Did you see [[:c:File:VisualEditor single edit tab preference dialog.png|the large preferences dialog box]] when you started editing an article there? * <mark>Can you read and type in Korean, Arabic, Japanese, Indic, or Han scripts?</mark> Does typing in these languages feels natural in the visual editor? Language engineer [[:mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs to know. Please see the instructions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test]] if you can help. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. * Learn how to improve the "automagical" [[:mw:citoid|citoid]] referencing system in the visual editor, by creating [[:en:Zotero|Zotero]] translators for popular sources in your language! Join the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2016-February/084840.html Tech Talk about "Automated citations in Wikipedia: Citoid and the technology behind it"] with Sebastian Karcher on 29 February 2016. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 19:21, 26 February 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=15385167 --> == Completion suggestor == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> == Updates to wiki search auto completion are arriving 10 March== Hello! {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} The [[:m:User:CKoerner (WMF)/Work/Completion Suggester beta reminder and coming soon|completion suggester beta feature]] will become the default at the first group of wikis on '''Thursday, 10 March'''. This initial rollout will start with some of the smaller wikis to ensure the change happens in an organized way. The remaining wikis will receive the update on Wednesday, 16 March. This update brings three major improvements to search. Improved search result ordering, a tolerance for a small number of spelling errors, and suggests fewer typos. Since December 2015, 19,000 editors have already opted into the completion suggester beta feature. Contributors are encouraged to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|try out the feature]] ahead of the release. Please share any comments on the Completion Suggester [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/CompletionSuggester|discussion page]] in any language. To learn more about the work of the Discovery department and other improvements to search, please check out [[wmfblog:2015/12/23/search-and-discovery-on-wikipedia/|the Wikimedia blog]]. Read about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]], the MediaWiki extension that makes wiki search possible.</div> - [[User:CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:09, 7 March 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Work/Completion_Suggester_inital_rollout/Target_list&oldid=15420104 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for access to research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]]''' - a major publisher of academic journals and e-books in a variety of subject areas. Access includes both Cambridge Journals Online and Cambridge Books. 25 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Alexander Street|Alexander Street ''Academic Video Online'']]''' - a large academic video collection good for a wide range of subjects, including news programs (such as PBS and BBC), music and theatre, lectures and demonstrations, and documentaries. 25 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Baylor|Baylor University Press]]''' - a publisher of academic e-books primarily in religious studies and the humanities. 50 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Future Science Group|Future Science Group]]''' - a publisher of medical, biotechnological and scientific research. 30 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Annual Reviews|Annual Reviews]]''' - a publisher of review articles in the biomedical sciences. 100 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Miramar|Miramar Ship Index]]''' - an index to ships and their histories since the early 19th century. 30 accounts. '''Non-English''' *'''[[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:نورمگز|Noormags]]''' - Farsi-language aggregator of academic and professional journals and magazines. 30 accounts. *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/كتبنا|Kotobna]]''' - Arabic-language ebook publishing platform. 20 accounts. '''Expansions''' *'''[[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]]''' - aggregator of newspapers, magazines and journals. 50 accounts. *'''[[w:en:WP:Elsevier|Elsevier ScienceDirect]]''' - an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. 100 accounts. Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:De Gruyter|De Gruyter]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 20:30, 17 March 2016 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].'' :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15424370 --> == Open Call for Individual Engagement Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IEG|Individual Engagement Grants (IEG) program]] is accepting proposals''' until April 12th to fund new tools, research, outreach efforts, and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), IEGs can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help''' with your proposal]] in an upcoming Hangout session *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:47, 31 March 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15490024 --> == Server switch 2016 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its newest data center in Dallas. This will make sure Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test. This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the new data center on '''Tuesday, 19 April'''.<br/> On '''Thursday, 21 April''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for approximately 15 to 30 minutes on Tuesday, 19 April and Thursday, 21 April, starting at 14:00 UTC (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT). If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be a code freeze for the week of 18 April. No non-essential code deployments will take place. This test was originally planned to take place on March 22. April 19th and 21st are the new dates. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for Q3 FY2015-2016 rollout|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. They will post any changes on that schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 21:08, 17 April 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Server_switch_2016/Delivery_list&oldid=15533827 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! Sorry that this is in English only, but we are using village pump messaging in order to reach as many language communities as possible. Wrong page? Please fix it [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|here]]. This is an invitation to all Wikipedians: Wikimedia Deutschland has been given data space to include Wikipedia content in an upcoming mission to the Moon. (No joke!) We have launched a community discussion about how to do that, because we feel that this is for the global community of editors. Please, '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon|join the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]''' (and translate this invitation to your language community)! Best, [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia to the Moon|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:35, 21 April 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun == Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, featured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to reach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:31, 10 June 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Compact Links coming soon to this wiki == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]] Hello, I wanted to give a heads up about an upcoming feature for this wiki, which you may already seen in the latest issue of [[:m:Tech/News/2016/25|Tech News]]. [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). This will be enabled as a feature in the coming week for all users, which can be turned on or off using a preference setting. We look forward to your feedback and please do let us know if you have any questions. Details about Compact Language Links can be read in the [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project documentation]]. Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) 14:01, 24 June 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/28_June&oldid=15721303 --> == Compact Language Links enabled in this wiki today == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]] [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). Based on several factors, this shorter list of languages is expected to be more relevant for them and valuable for finding similar content in a language known to them. More information about compact language links can be found in [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|the documentation]]. From today onwards, compact language links has been enabled as the default listing of interlanguage links on this wiki. However, using the button at the bottom, you will be able to see a longer list of all the languages the article has been written in. The setting for this compact list can be changed by using the checkbox under ''User Preferences -> Appearance -> Languages'' The compact language links feature has been tested extensively by the Wikimedia Language team, which developed it. However, in case there are any problems or other feedback please let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project talk page]]. It is to be noted that on some wikis the presence of an existing older gadget that was used for a similar purpose may cause an interference for compact language list. We would like to bring this to the attention of the admins of this wiki. Full details are on [[phab:T131455|this phabricator ticket]] (in English). Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]])-04:21, 28 June 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/28_June&oldid=15728024 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idea is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content! Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 14:10, 1 July 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Editing News #2—2016 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/June|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> It's quick and easy to insert a references list. [[File:VisualEditor References List Insert Menu-en.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with many items|center|frameless|150px]] Place the cursor where you want to display the references list (usually at the bottom of the page). Open the "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}" menu and click the "{{int:cite-ve-dialogbutton-referenceslist-tooltip}}" icon (three books). If you are using several groups of references, which is relatively rare, you will have the opportunity to specify the group. If you do that, then only the references that belong to the specified group will be displayed in this list of references. Finally, click "{{int:visualeditor-dialog-action-insert}}" in the dialog to insert the {{int:cite-ve-dialogbutton-referenceslist-tooltip}}. This list will change as you add more footnotes to the page. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.</div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for Arabic and Indic scripts, and adapting the visual editor to the needs of the Wikivoyages and Wikisources. === Recent changes === The visual editor is now available to all users at most [[Wikivoyage:|Wikivoyages]]. It was also enabled for all contributors at the French Wikinews. The '''[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' feature combines the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" and "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}" tabs into a single "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab. It has been deployed to several Wikipedias, including Hungarian, Polish, English and Japanese Wikipedias, as well as to all Wikivoyages. At these wikis, you can change your settings for this feature in the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab of [[Special:Preferences]]. The team is now reviewing the feedback and considering ways to improve the design before rolling it out to more people. === Future changes === The "{{int:Savearticle}}" button will say "{{int:Publishpage}}". This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems. More [[M:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]]. The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|"Phase 6" Wikipedias]] during the next few months. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including: [[:w:ar: |'''Arabic''']], [[:w:hi: |'''Hindi''']], [[:w:th: |'''Thai''']], [[:w:ta: |'''Tamil''']], [[:w:mr: |'''Marathi''']], [[:w:ml: |'''Malayalam''']], [[:w:ur: |'''Urdu''']], [[:w:fa: |'''Persian''']], [[:w:bn: |'''Bengali''']], [[:w:as: |'''Assamese''']], [[:w:arc: |'''Aramaic''']] and others. The team is working with the volunteer developers who power Wikisource to provide the visual editor there, for opt-in testing right now and eventually for all users. ([[phab:T138966|T138966]]) The team is working on a modern wikitext editor. It will look like the visual editor, and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools. This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices around September 2016. You can read about this project in a [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. === Let's work together === * Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates? <mark>Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor? Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].</mark> * Learn how to improve the "automagical" [[:mw:citoid|citoid]] referencing system in the visual editor, by creating [[w:en:Zotero|Zotero]] translators for popular sources in your language! Watch the [[Mw:Citoid/Zotero's Tech Talk|Tech Talk by Sebastian Karcher]] for more information. If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]], 17:20, 3 July 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=15741003 --> == Open call for Project Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: :Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. :Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session :*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] :Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]] :With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:25, 5 July 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15504704 --> == Save/Publish == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[:mw:Editing|Editing]] team is planning to change the name of the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Savearticle “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>”] button to [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishpage “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishchanges “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>'''”]. “<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>” will be used when you create a new page. “<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>” will be used when you change an existing page. The names will be consistent in all editing environments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131132][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033] This change will probably happen during the week of 30 August 2016. The change will be announced in [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]] when it happens. If you are fluent in a language other than English, please check the status of translations at translatewiki.net for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishpage “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishchanges “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>'''”]. The main reason for this change is to avoid confusion for new editors. Repeated user research studies with new editors have shown that some new editors believed that [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Savearticle “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>”] would save a private copy of a new page in their accounts, rather than permanently publishing their changes on the web. It is important for this part of the user interface to be clear, since it is difficult to remove public information after it is published. We believe that the confusion caused by the “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>” button increases the workload for experienced editors, who have to clean up the information that people unintentionally disclose, and report it to the functionaries and stewards to suppress it. Clarifying what the button does will reduce this problem. Beyond that, the goal is to make all the wikis and languages more consistent, and some wikis made this change many years ago. The [[:m:Legal|Legal team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation supports this change. Making the edit interface easier to understand will make it easier to handle licensing and privacy questions that may arise. Any help pages or other basic documentation about how to edit pages will also need to be updated, on-wiki and elsewhere. On wiki pages, you can use the wikitext codes <code><nowiki>{{int:Publishpage}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{int:Publishchanges}}</nowiki></code> to display the new labels in the user's preferred language. For the language settings in [[Special:Preferences|your account preferences]], these wikitext codes produce “<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>” and “<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>”. Please share this news with community members who teach new editors and with others who may be interested. </div> [[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 18:03, 9 August 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15790914 --> == New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, health care, and engineering - 10 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:38, 30 August 2016 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15804509 --> == RevisionSlider == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From September 13th on, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page, so that you can easily move between revisions. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 15:08, 12 September 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=15903627 --> == Grants to improve your project == ''{{int:Please-translate}}:'' Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is currently accepting proposals for funding. There is just over a week left to submit before the October 11 deadline. If you have ideas for software, offline outreach, research, online community organizing, or other projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today! Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well. Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request. *'''[[:m:Grants:Project/Apply|Submit a grant request]]''' *'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:Project#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] *'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[:m:Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) 20:10, 30 September 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15939807 --> == Creative Commons 4.0 == Hello! I'm writing from the Wikimedia Foundation to invite you to give your feedback on a proposed move from CC BY-SA 3.0 to a CC BY-SA 4.0 license across all Wikimedia projects. The consultation will run from October 5 to November 8, and we hope to receive a wide range of viewpoints and opinions. Please, if you are interested, [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0|take part in the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]. ''Apologies that this message is only in English. [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0/MassMessage|This message can be read and translated in more languages here]].'' [[User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) 01:34, 6 October 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=15962252 --> == Editing News #3—2016 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/October|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can easily re-arrange columns and rows in the visual editor? [[File:VisualEditor table editing menu.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with options for editing the table structure|center|frameless|232x232px]] Select a cell in the column or row that you want to move. Click the arrow at the start of that row or column to open the dropdown menu (shown). Choose either "Move before" or "Move after" to move the column, or "Move above" or "Move below" to move the row. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has mainly worked on a new wikitext editor. They have also released some small features and the new map editing tool. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the list of work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, releasing the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[mediawikiwiki:Beta_Features|beta feature]], and improving language support. === Recent changes === *You can now set text as small or big.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T53613] *Invisible templates have been shown as a puzzle icon. Now, the name of the invisible template is displayed next to the puzzle icon.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T141861] A similar feature will display the first part of hidden HTML comments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147089] *Categories are displayed at the bottom of each page. If you click on the categories, the dialog for editing categories will open.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145267] *At many wikis, you can now add [[mediawikiwiki:Maps|maps]] to pages. Go to the Insert menu and choose the "Maps" item. The Discovery department is adding more features to this area, like geoshapes. You can read more at mediawiki.org.[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Discovery#Maps] *The "Save" button now says "Save page" when you create a page, and "Save changes" when you change an existing page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033] In the future, the "{{int:Savearticle}}" button will say "{{int:Publishpage}}". This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems. More [[:m:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]]. *Image galleries now use a visual mode for editing. You can see thumbnails of the images, add new files, remove unwanted images, rearrange the images by dragging and dropping, and add captions for each image. Use the "Options" tab to set the gallery's display mode, image sizes, and add a title for the gallery.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T45037] === Future changes === The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining 10 [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|"Phase 6" Wikipedias]] during the next month. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including [[:w:th:|'''Thai''']], [[:w:my:|'''Burmese''']] and [[:w:arc:|'''Aramaic''']]. The team is working on a modern wikitext editor. The [[Mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] will look like the visual editor and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools. This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices in October 2016. You can read about this project in a [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. === Let's work together === * Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates? <mark>Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor? Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].</mark> *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> 17:49, 15 October 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=15960088 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy *'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities *'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals *'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–hearing journals *'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics '''Expansions''' *'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added *'''[[:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence & Security Studies collection Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today! <br>--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:30, 1 November 2016 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15939318 --> == Password reset == ''I apologise that this message is in English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:Centralnotice-shared-help-translate}}]'' We are having a problem with attackers taking over wiki accounts with privileged user rights (for example, admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, checkusers). It appears that this may be because of weak or reused passwords. Community members are working along with members of multiple teams at the Wikimedia Foundation to address this issue. In the meantime, we ask that everyone takes a look at the passwords they have chosen for their wiki accounts. If you know that you've chosen a weak password, or if you've chosen a password that you are using somewhere else, please change those passwords. Select strong passwords – eight or more characters long, and containing letters, numbers, and punctuation. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) / [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:59, 13 November 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=16060701 --> == Adding to the above section (Password reset) == Please accept my apologies - that first line should read "[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&language=&action=page&filter= Help with translations!]". [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) / [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:11, 14 November 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=16060701 --> == New way to edit wikitext == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Summary''': There's a new opt-in Beta Feature of a [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|wikitext mode for the visual editor]]. Please [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|go try it out]]. We in the Wikimedia Foundation's Editing department are responsible for making editing better for all our editors, new and experienced alike. We've been slowly improving [[:mw:VisualEditor|the visual editor]] based on feedback, user tests, and feature requests. However, that doesn't work for all our user needs: whether you need to edit a wikitext talk page, create a template, or fix some broken reference syntax, sometimes you need to use wikitext, and many experienced editors prefer it. Consequently, we've planned a "wikitext mode" for the visual editor for a long time. It provides as much of the visual editor's features as possible, for those times that you need or want wikitext. It has the same user interface as the visual editor, including the same toolbar across the top with the same buttons. It provides access to the [[:mw:citoid|citoid service]] for formatting citations, integrated search options for inserting images, and the ability to add new templates in a simple dialog. Like in the visual editor, if you paste in formatted text copied from another page, then formatting (such as bolding) will automatically be converted into wikitext. All wikis now have access to this mode as a [[:mw:Beta Features|Beta Feature]]. When enabled, it replaces your existing [[:mw:Editor|wikitext editor]] everywhere. If you don't like it, you can reverse this at any time by turning off the Beta Feature in your preferences. We don't want to surprise anyone, so it's strictly an ''opt-in-only'' Beta Feature. It won't switch on automatically for anyone, even if you have previously checked the box to "{{Int:Betafeatures-auto-enroll}}". The new wikitext edit mode is based on the visual editor, so it requires JavaScript (as does the [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|current wikitext editor]]). It doesn't work with gadgets that have only been designed for the older one (and ''vice versa''), so some users will miss gadgets they find important. We're happy to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Gadgets|work with gadget authors to help them update their code to work]] with both editors. We're not planning to get rid of the current main wikitext editor on desktop in the foreseeable future. We're also not going to remove the existing ability to edit plain wikitext without JavaScript. Finally, though it should go without saying, if you prefer to continue using the current wikitext editor, then you may so do. This is an early version, and we'd love to know what you think so we can make it better. Please leave feedback about the new mode [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor/Feedback|on the feedback page]]. You may write comments in any language. Thank you. </div> [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] (Product Manager, Editing department, Wikimedia Foundation) --19:31, 14 December 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15942009 --> == Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard. The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction. Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page. Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far: * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016) ** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016) ** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017) ** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017 * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017) ** Introduction of williamsworks * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017) ** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017) ** Tracks A & B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]]. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 20:31, 15 February 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16297862 --> == Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page. Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017) ** Development of documentation for Tracks A & B * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017) ** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017) ** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]]. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 19:43, 9 March 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16350625 --> == We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> : ''This message, "[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]", was sent through multiple channels by [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians: Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation. There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]]. This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years? We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]] Sincerely, Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), & the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]</div></div> 05:09, 18 March 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16453957 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]] On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]]. '''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).''' '''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21. The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members. The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. * April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' * April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period''' * April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions''' * May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period''' * May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking''' * May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal''' In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles: * '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''' ** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]]. * '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)''' ** One position is being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, <tt dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5">board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org</tt>. On behalf of the Election Committee,<br /> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br /> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 03:37, 7 April 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''</div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16441214 --> == Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test. This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''. On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div>[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:33, 11 April 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16545942 --> == Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android. While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results. We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism. We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities. As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks! -[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] 08:41, 14 April 2017 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikidata_editing&oldid=16580284 --> == New Page previews feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> New Page previews feature [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} Hello, The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017. A quick note on the implementation: * For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page. * For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview. * For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. Thank you, [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:52, 19 April 2017 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Phase_1/Distribution_list&oldid=16616381 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's'' * '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences * '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine '''Expansions''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:52, 2 May 2017 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=16557812 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br/> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]</div> 19:14, 3 May 2017 (UTC)'' <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16683836 --> == Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! </div> [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:41, 8 May 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=16712264 --> == Editing News #1—2017 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can review your changes visually? [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - visual diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes to an article. Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|245x245px]]When you are finished editing the page, type your edit summary and then choose "{{Int:visualeditor-savedialog-label-review}}". In visual mode, you will see additions, removals, new links, and formatting highlighted. Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected.|center|frameless|220x220px]] Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - wikitext diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display.|center|frameless|245x245px]] The wikitext diff is the same diff tool that is used in the wikitext editors and in the page history. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[:mediawikiwiki:2017_wikitext_editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]] which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and adding [[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|the new visual diff tool]]. Their workboard is available [[:phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[:mw:Beta Features|beta feature]], and improving the visual diff tool. === Recent changes === *A '''new wikitext editing mode''' is available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices. The [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools. Go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] to enable the {{Int:Visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-label}}. * A new '''[[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' is available in VisualEditor's visual mode. You can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs. More features will be added to this later. In the future, this tool may be integrated into other MediaWiki components. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143350] * The team have added [[:mediawikiwiki:Editing/Projects/Columns_for_references|multi-column support for lists of footnotes]]. The <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> block can automatically display long lists of references in columns on wide screens. This makes footnotes easier to read. You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&priority=10&parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597] * You can now use your web browser's function to switch typing direction in the new wikitext mode. This is particularly helpful for RTL language users like Urdu or Hebrew who have to write JavaScript or CSS. You can use Command+Shift+X or Control+Shift+X to trigger this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153356] * The way to switch between the visual editing mode and the wikitext editing mode is now consistent. There is a drop-down menu that shows the two options. This is now the same in desktop and mobile web editing, and inside things that embed editing, such as Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116417] * The {{Int:visualeditor-categories-tool}} item has been moved to the top of the {{Int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}} menu (from clicking on the "hamburger" icon) for quicker access. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T74399] There is also now a "Templates used on this page" feature there. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T149009] * You can now create <code><nowiki><chem></nowiki></code> tags (sometimes used as <code><nowiki><ce></nowiki></code>) for chemical formulas inside the visual editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153365] * Tables can be set as collapsed or un-collapsed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T157989] * The {{Int:visualeditor-specialcharacter-button-tooltip}} menu now includes characters for Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics and angle quotation marks (‹› and ⟨⟩) . The team thanks the volunteer developer, [[:S:en:User:Tpt|Tpt]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108626] * A bug caused some section edit conflicts to blank the rest of the page. This has been fixed. The team are sorry for the disruption. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T154217] * There is a new keyboard shortcut for citations: <code>Control</code>+<code>Shift</code>+<code>K</code> on a PC, or <code>Command</code>+<code>Shift</code>+<code>K</code> on a Mac. It is based on the keyboard shortcut for making links, which is <code>Control</code>+<code>K</code> or <code>Command</code>+<code>K</code> respectively. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99299] === Future changes === * The team is working on a syntax highlighting tool. It will highlight matching pairs of <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> tags and other types of wikitext syntax. You will be able to turn it on and off. It will first become available in VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode, maybe late in 2017. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246] * The kind of button used to {{Int:Showpreview}}, {{Int:showdiff}}, and finish an edit will change in all WMF-supported wikitext editors. The new buttons will use [[Mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]]. The buttons will be larger, brighter, and easier to read. The labels will remain the same. You can test the new button by editing a page and adding <code>&ooui=1</code> to the end of the URL, like this: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=edit&ooui=1 The old appearance will no longer be possible, even with local CSS changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T162849] * The [[:mediawikiwiki:File:Edit_toolbar_-_2.png|outdated 2006 wikitext editor]] will be removed later this year. It is used by approximately 0.03% of active editors. See [[:mw:Editor|a list of editing tools on mediawiki.org]] if you are uncertain which one you use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856] *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> 18:05, 12 May 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=16160401 --> == Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia == Hello, I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary. One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites. The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature. We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes. You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it. Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding. Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16766491 --> == RevisionSlider == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. </div> [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:44, 16 May 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=16715712 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|Join the next cycle of Wikimedia movement strategy discussions (underway until June 12)]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]]'' [[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg||{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}||150px]] The Wikimedia movement strategy core team and working groups have completed reviewing the more than 1800 thematic statements we received from the first discussion. They have identified [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|5 themes that were consistent across all the conversations]] - each with their own set of sub-themes. These are not the final themes, just an initial working draft of the core concepts. You are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|join the online and offline discussions taking place]] on these 5 themes. This round of discussions will take place between now and June 12th. You can discuss as many as you like; we ask you to participate in the ones that are most (or least) important to you. Here are the five themes, each has a page on Meta-Wiki with more information about the theme and how to participate in that theme's discussion: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Healthy, Inclusive Communities|Healthy, Inclusive Communities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Augmented Age|The Augmented Age]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/A Truly Global Movement|A Truly Global Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Most Respected Source of Knowledge|The Most Respected Source of Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem|Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem]] On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|movement strategy portal on Meta-Wiki]], you can find more information about each of these themes, their discussions, and how to participate. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''</div> 21:08, 16 May 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16773425 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translations of this message are available on Meta-Wiki]].'' On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, we are pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson]] elections. Please read the letter from the Wikimedia Foundation calling for candidates at [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|on the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee''<br /> The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|the FDC elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson''<br /> The Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees, and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. '''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last until May 28 (23:59 UTC).''' '''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates until May 28. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on May 28, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to. The goal of this process is to fill the '''five community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee and the '''community-selected ombudsperson'''. The election results will be used by the Board itself to make the appointments. The full schedule for the FDC elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. * May 15 (00:00 UTC) – May 28 (23:59 UTC) – '''Nominations''' * May 15 – May 28 – '''Candidates questions submission period''' * May 29 – June 2 – '''Candidates answer questions''' * June 3 – June 11 – '''Voting period''' * June 12–14 – '''Vote checking''' * June 15 – '''Goal date for announcing election results''' More information on this year's elections can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]]. Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, <tt dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5">board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org</tt>. On behalf of the Election Committee,<br /> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br /> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''</div> 21:05, 23 May 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16804695 --> == Accessible editing buttons == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface. The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets. You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&ooui=1 new] versions now. Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors. <gallery mode="nolines" caption="Comparison of old and new styles" heights="240" widths="572"> File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change </gallery> However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets. Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system. <mark>If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts. Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.</mark> This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''. Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.</div> [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 22:22, 10 July 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=16980876 --> == Page Previews (Hovercards) update == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello, A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months. We are finally ready to deploy the feature. Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. Thank you again. </div>[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:32, 20 July 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Reminder/Distribution_list&oldid=17019707 --> == RfC regarding "Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation" == There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding "[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]" Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]]. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:06, 17 September 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedias&oldid=17234819 --> == Discussion on synced reading lists == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Discussion on synced reading lists''' Hello, [[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way. To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones). This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. === Background === In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow "syncing" of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a "must have" for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow. Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future. === Why not watchlists === Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways: * Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes. * Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. ** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints. * By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki. * Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term. [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. Thank you </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:35, 20 September 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=16981815 --> == Changes to the global ban policy == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello. Some changes to the [[m:Global bans|community global ban policy]] have been proposed. Your comments are welcome at [[:m:Requests for comment/Improvement of global ban policy]]. Please translate this message to your language, if needed. Cordially. [[:m:User:Matiia|Matiia]] ([[:m:User talk:Matiia|Matiia]]) 00:34, 12 November 2017 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17241561 --> == New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers''' The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]]. Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback. The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued. For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens. The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:07, 20 November 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Mobile_PDF_distribution_list&oldid=17448927 --> == Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships == Hi all, We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.''' Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]]. To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply''' It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages! Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] 19:24, 20 December 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:DerHexer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=17300722 --> == User group for Military Historians == Greetings, "Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]]. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:46, 21 December 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Krishna Chaitanya Velaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=17565441 --> == Editing News #1—2018 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] '''Did you know?'''<div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]] on any page? [[File:Wikitext diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display|center|frameless|250px]] Sometimes, it is hard to see important changes in a wikitext diff. This screenshot of a wikitext diff (click to enlarge) shows that the paragraphs have been rearranged, but it does not highlight the removal of a word or the addition of a new sentence. If you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the Beta Feature]] for "{{Int:visualeditor-preference-visualdiffpage-label}}", you will have a new option. It will give you a new box at the top of every diff page. This box will let you choose either diff system on any edit. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected|center|frameless|200px]] Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs. In the visual diff, additions, removals, new links, and formatting changes will be highlighted. Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side. [[File:Visual diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes to an article. Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|250px]] This screenshot shows the same edit as the wikitext diff. The visual diff highlights the removal of one word and the addition of a new sentence. You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|the last newsletter]], the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]], which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and improving [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the work finished each week at [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[mw:Editing team/Current priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor, and improving the visual diff tool. ===Recent changes=== *The '''[[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]''' is [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available as a Beta Feature]] on desktop devices. It has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools. The team have been comparing the performance of different editing environments. They have studied how long it takes to open the page and start typing. The study uses data for more than one million edits during December and January. Some changes have been made to improve the speed of the 2017 wikitext editor and the visual editor. Recently, the 2017 wikitext editor opened fastest for most edits, and the 2010 WikiEditor was fastest for some edits. More information will be posted at [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Editing performance]]. *The '''[[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' was developed for the visual editor. It is now available to all users of the visual editor and the 2017 wikitext editor. When you review your changes, you can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs. You can also [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the new Beta Feature]] for "Visual diffs". The Beta Feature lets you use the visual diff tool to view other people's edits on page histories and [[Special:RecentChanges]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167508] *[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|'''Wikitext syntax highlighting''']] is available as a Beta Feature for both [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor]] and the 2010 wikitext editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246] *The [[mw:Citoid|citoid service]] automatically translates URLs, DOIs, ISBNs, and PubMed id numbers into wikitext citation templates. It is very popular and useful to editors, although it can be a bit tricky to set up. <mark>Your wiki can have this service. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|read the instructions]]. You can [[phab:T127354|ask the team to help you enable citoid at your wiki]]</mark>. ===Let's work together=== *The team will talk about editing tools at an upcoming [[m:Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meetings|Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meeting]]. *Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and other communities may have the visual editor made available by default to contributors. If your community wants this, then please contact [[mw:User talk:Deskana (WMF)|Dan Garry]]. *The <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> block can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Projects/Columns for references|automatically display long lists of references in columns]] on wide screens. This makes footnotes easier to read. You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&priority=10&parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597] *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> 20:56, 2 March 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=17790200 --> == AdvancedSearch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:53, 7 May 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=17995461 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool '''Expansions''' * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment] * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:03, 30 May 2018 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18064061 --> == Global preferences are available == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 19:19, 10 July 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17968247 --> == New user group for editing sitewide CSS / JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all! To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.) A new user group, <code dir="ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code>, has been created. Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with <code dir="ltr">.css</code> or <code dir="ltr">.js</code> that is either in the <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:</code> namespace or is another user's user subpage). You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]]. Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats). This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment). Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 17:45, 30 July 2018 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tgr/massmessage-T139380-ifadmin&oldid=18255968 --> == Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now == ''({{int:please-translate}})'' <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi all, as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the <code>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code> ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug. Thanks!<br /> [[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 12:40, 27 August 2018 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18258712 --> == Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''. On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div> 13:33, 6 September 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18333489 --> == Editing News #2—2018 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device? [[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]] Tap on the pencil icon to start editing. The page will probably open in the wikitext editor. You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar. Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing. [[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]] Remember to publish your changes when you're done. You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.</div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing. === Recent changes === *The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]]. *The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website. New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles. You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]]. *The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]]. *The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]]. If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar. You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]]. *The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds). *The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images. It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/] === Let's work together === * The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website. <mark>Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.</mark> *The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week. *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 14:17, 2 November 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=17790200 --> == Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web''' {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]] Hello, In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct. What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the "Learn more" link to get more information. For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]]. If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 19:35, 13 November 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Community Wishlist Survey vote == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Hey everyone, The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. The communities have now posted a long list of technical proposals. You can vote on the proposals from now until 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. <span dir=ltr>/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]</span></div></div> 18:13, 22 November 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Advanced Search == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].</div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 11:03, 26 November 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=18363910 --> == New Wikimedia password policy and requirements == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]]. These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length. These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:03, 6 December 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]] Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February. The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.''''' Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page. To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]] There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love! Kind regards, [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]] Imagine... the sum of all love! </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:13, 27 December 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == FileExporter beta feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]] A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature. The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:41, 14 January 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=18782700 --> == No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div> 18:54, 16 January 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/201901ReadOnly/Targets7&oldid=18789239 --> == Talk to us about talking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt="icon depicting two speech Bubbles"|frameless|right|120px]] The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication. We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices. We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives. We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help. '''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.''' You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do: # First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]] # Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group. This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback. # Then ask people what they think about communication processes. We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki. Please consider asking these five questions: ## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you? ## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them? ## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages? ## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations? ## What are the important aspects of a "wiki discussion"? # Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group. Please include links if the discussion is available to the public. '''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.''' Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]]. You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer. Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you. </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:01, 21 February 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013) * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor & Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 17:40, 13 March 2019 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18873404 --> == Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> 10:56, 8 April 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18979889 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request == {{int:please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 17:35, 12 April 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18998727 --> == Editing News #1—July 2019 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] <big>'''Did you know?'''</big> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device? Every article has a pencil icon at the top. Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing. '''<big>Edit Cards</big>''' [[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]] This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].''' </div></div> Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter. Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more. All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]]. Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you: <strong>Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?</strong> If you are interested, we would value your input! You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. <em>Follow these instructions and share your experience:</em> <strong>[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].</strong> === Recent releases === The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]]. The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: # [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]] #* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits. #* The team studied this with an A/B test. [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing. # [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]] #* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing. Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor. === New and active projects === This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles. You can try this feature now. <em>Go here to see how:</em> [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 <em>Try Edit Cards</em>]]. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks: ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?'' We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use. The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools. === Looking ahead === * '''Wikimania:''' Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019. They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]]. Talk to the team about how editing can be improved. * '''Talk Pages:''' In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis. === Learning more === The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]]. [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 18:32, 23 July 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=19175117 --> == Update on the consultation about office actions == Hello all, Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust & Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation. For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation. Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust & Safety team]] 08:03, 16 August 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=19175143 --> == New tools and IP masking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hey everyone, The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling. We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment. You can post in your language if you can't write in English. [[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> 14:18, 21 August 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tools_and_IP_message/Distribution&oldid=19315232 --> == The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="plainlinks"> Hello, In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to "re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)". Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust & Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. How can you help? * Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset); * Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or * Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans. We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation! </div> </div>-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 17:14, 30 September 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=19302497 --> == Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Please-translate}} {{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups. So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes. We would like individual feedback on the following: * Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered * Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know * Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project: * Make it easier for readers to focus on the content * Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing) * Put things in logical and useful places * Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps * Eliminate clutter * Plan for future growth As well as the following constraints: * Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves * Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain * No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 07:18, 16 October 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_4&oldid=19462890 --> == Beta feature "Reference Previews" == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page. Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:47, 23 October 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19478814 --> == Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]]. === Help === <strong>What talk page interactions do you remember?</strong> Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else? Whatever your story is, we want to hear it! Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page. <mark>Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the <strong>[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]</strong>.</mark> The team wants your examples. These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage. === Talk pages project === The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools. The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. The team needs and wants your help at this early stage. They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|<strong>"Getting involved"</strong>]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate. === Mobile visual editor === The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices. The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]]. ==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ==== [[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link. The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]] * On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor. * There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links. There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]]. * Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]]. ==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ==== [[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor. The old system had two different toolbars. Now, all the buttons are together. [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]] * In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar. Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor. ** <em>One toolbar:</em> All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar. Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things. **<em>New navigation:</em> The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed. **<em>Seamless switching:</em> an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes. * Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]]. === Wikimania === The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden. They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]]. They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors. You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]]. === Looking ahead === * <strong>Talk Pages Project:</strong> The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes. The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|<strong>Getting involved</strong>]]. * <strong>Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:</strong> The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|<strong>VisualEditor as mobile default project page</strong>]]. * <strong>Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:</strong> This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations. The Editing team hopes to share results in November. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|<strong>Edit Cards project page</strong>]]. – [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 11:12, 29 October 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/VE_201910/5&oldid=19500851 --> == Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project == Hello The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement. To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating! -- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 19:01, 22 January 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=19738989 --> == Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages == ''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment. We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 14:15, 26 February 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19845780 --> == Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]] The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]]. The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]] The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now. This early version can sign and indent comments automatically. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].</strong> *On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias: [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]]. If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]]. *The team is planning some upcoming changes. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.</strong> The team will test features such as: **an easy way to mention another editor ("pinging"), **a rich-text visual editing option, and **other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors. To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|<strong>"Get involved"</strong>]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]]. – [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 19:25, 8 April 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox2&oldid=19967064 --> == Editing news 2020 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar. [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]] This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|<strong>Reply tool</strong>]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias). The Beta Feature is called "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}". The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon. The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing <code>@</code>. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now. Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|<strong>New requirements for user signatures</strong>]]: Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable. Most editors will not be affected. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|<strong>New discussion tool</strong>]]: The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|<strong>Research on the use of talk pages</strong>]]: The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles. We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. – [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 20:33, 17 June 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=20184653 --> == Invitation to participate in the upcoming WPWP Campaign == Hello Wikipedians, This is to invite you to join the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|WPWP Campaign]] to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign will run from 1st July 2020 to 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 21:32, 18 June 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hasley@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=20190228 --> == Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos == [[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]] This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 08:24, 1 July 2020 (UTC) ''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community'' <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Romaine/MassMessage&oldid=20232618 --> == Feedback on movement names == {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented. Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki. Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 19:42, 2 July 2020 (UTC) ''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].'' <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20238830 --> == Editing news 2020 #3 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="rw" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than <strong>50 million edits</strong> have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]] Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors. Since then, editors have achieved many milestones: * More than <strong>50 million edits</strong> have been made using the visual editor on desktop. * More than <strong>2 million new articles</strong> have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019. * The visual editor is <strong>increasingly popular</strong>. The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction. * In 2019, <strong>35% of the edits by newcomers</strong> (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has <strong>increased every year</strong>. * Almost <strong>5 million edits on the mobile site</strong> have been made with the visual editor. Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018. * On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 <strong>first edit from outer space</strong>] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀 * Editors have made more than <strong>7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor</strong>, including starting <strong>600,000 new articles</strong> in it. The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode. You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]]. [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Vuga]]) </div> 12:55, 9 July 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=20232673 --> == Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new. This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 <ref>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]</ref> after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world. The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language. As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation <ref>[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]</ref>. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams. It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project. We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions. There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list <ref>[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]</ref>. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path. Yours, Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) <references/> </div> <small>Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 20:10, 9 July 2020 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20265921 --> == The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC): we want to hear from you. == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following message may be available on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Message to small and medium sized wikis|Meta]]. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''<br> At times, our contributor communities and projects have suffered from a lack of guidelines that can help us create an environment where free knowledge can be shared safely without fear. There has been talk about the need for a global set of conduct rules in different communities over time. Recently, the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees announced a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/May_2020_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Healthy_Community_Culture,_Inclusivity,_and_Safe_Spaces|Community Culture Statement]], asking for new standards to address harassment and promote inclusivity across projects. The universal code of conduct will be a binding minimum set of standards across all Wikimedia projects, and will apply to all of us, staff and volunteers alike, all around the globe. It is of great importance that we all participate in expressing our opinions and thoughts about UCoC and its values. We should think about what we want it to cover or include and what it shouldn’t include, and how it may create difficulties or help our groups. This is the time to talk about it. Before starting drafting the code of conduct, we would like to hear from you and to solicit the opinions and feedback of your colleagues. In order for your voice to be heard, we encourage and invite you to read more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|the universal code of conduct (UCoC)]] and then write down your opinions or feedback [[:m:Talk:Universal_Code_of_Conduct|on the discussion page]]. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcome to translate [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct&language=en&action=page&filter= the universal code of conduct main page] from English into your respective local language. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]] 16:42, 22 July 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Message_to_small_and_medium_sized_wikis/List&oldid=20303398 --> == Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. How does it work? Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link "Move file to Wikimedia Commons" on the local file page. Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: </div>[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 09:14, 6 August 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=20343133 --> == Important: maintenance operation on September 1st == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' </div></div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 13:49, 26 August 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20384955 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]. A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 09:49, 3 September 2020 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=20418180 --> == Invitation to participate in the conversation == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020. The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved? Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta. Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 17:55, 10 September 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Draft_review/Invitation_(long_version)/List&oldid=20440292 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Please-translate}} {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations. There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 21:22, 29 September 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_5&oldid=20492309 --> == Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 17:17, 7 October 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Board&oldid=20519859 --> == feedback for the call about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric == hello User:Elitre (WMF),well noted the comments will be shared asap == Important: maintenance operation on October 27 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> -- <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 17:11, 21 October 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20519839 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] </div> 22:10, 5 November 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20564572 --> ==choosing the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project== hello [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]], if individual choices are welcome i choose Wikifunctions [[User:Ndahiro derrick|Ndahiro derrick]] ([[User talk:Ndahiro derrick|talk]]) 16:27, 11 November 2020 (UTC) == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open! This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better. The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals! </div> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</span> 18:09, 20 November 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&oldid=20689939 --> == Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!'' As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article. Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki. This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond. Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015. If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks! [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 14:39, 30 November 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/wikis&oldid=20728482 --> == 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools! You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:55, 7 December 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20734978 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2021 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] '''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.''' In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones. We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]''' We are waiting for your votes. Thank you! </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 00:52, 15 December 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&oldid=20689939 --> == Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]] ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' [[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. ''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 15:16, 27 January 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikimania21&oldid=21014617 --> == Project Grant Open Call == This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.<br> This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.<br> For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building. We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:<br> * Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal: * [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application<br> * General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants <br> * [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]<br> Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.<br> We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!<br> Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:01, 28 January 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RSharma (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20808431 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects! :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> --12:57, 1 February 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=21022367 --> == Feminism & Folklore 1 February - 31 March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. Feminism and Folklore team, [[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 02:40, 16 February 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=20421065 --> == Wikifunctions logo contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 01:47, 2 March 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21087740 --> == Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 === {{int:please-translate}} The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']]. ==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ==== The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment. To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]]. ==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ==== From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable. To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]]. -- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) 22:06, 5 April 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)/Without_Russian,_Polish_and_translated/5&oldid=21302202 --> == Line numbering coming soon to all wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]] From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]]. </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 15:09, 12 April 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21329014 --> == Suggested Values == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones. More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 14:08, 22 April 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21361904 --> == Invitation for Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021 == Hello there, We are inviting you to participate in '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021]]''', a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2021. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries. The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages. Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language WP. We’d be glad for you to reply to this message, or sign up directly at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Participating Communities#Wikimedia affiliate communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. Please feel free to contact [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Organizing Team|Organizing Team]] if you have any query. Kind regards,<br/> [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|Tulsi Bhagat]]<br/> Communication Manager<br/> Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign<br/> <small>Message delivered by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:24, 2 May 2021 (UTC)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=21414265 --> == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 == <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 1, June 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]</span> ---- Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]]. You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]]) * '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]]) * '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]]) * '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]]) * '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])</div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:06, 11 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SOyeyele (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SOyeyele_(WMF)/Announcements/Other_languages&oldid=21578291 --> == Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions == [[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]] Dear all, Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021. '''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]]. Below are some links to guide you through; * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]] * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]] * [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]] Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. '''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. '''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have. Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]] Best regards, [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:18, 16 June 2021 (UTC) On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:Bodhisattwa@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21597568 --> == Editing news 2021 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="rw" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Urutonde rwo kwiyandikisha kuriyi nkuru yindimi nyinshi]]</em> [[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=igipimo cya Abaterankunga bato barangiza gutanga igitekerezo kuri Wikipedi zose|thumb|296x296px|Iyo abashya bafite igikoresho cyo Gusubiza bakagerageza kohereza kurupapuro rwibiganiro, barushijeho kohereza igitekerezo neza. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]] Mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, itsinda ryandika ryakoze ubushakashatsi bunini bwa [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying| Igikoresho cyo gusubiza]]. Intego nyamukuru kwari ukumenya niba Igikoresho cyo Gusubiza cyafashije [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary | abanditsi bashya]] kuvugana kuri wiki. Intego ya kabiri kwari ukureba niba ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze bakoresheje igikoresho gikeneye guhindurwa kenshi kuruta ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze hamwe na page ya wikitext isanzwe. Ibyavuyemo by'ingenzi ni : * Abanditsi bashya bafite mu buryo bwikora ("default on") gikoresho cyo Gusubiza bari [$raporo bafite amahirwe menshi yo] kohereza igitekerezo kurupapuro rwibiganiro. * Ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze hamwe nigikoresho cyo gusubiza nabyo byari [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ amahirwe make yo] gusubizwa inyuma kuruta ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze hamwe mu guhindura urupapuro rwibiganiro. Ibi byagezweho biha ikizere itsinda ryoguhindura ko igikoresho gifasha. <strong>Kureba imbere</strong> Itsinda rirateganya gukora igikoresho cyo Gusubiza kuri buri wese nka hitamo-kuvamo(opt-out) mu mezi ari imbere. Ibi bimaze kuba kuri Wikipedias yicyarabu, Ceki, na Hongiriya. Intambwe ikurikira ni [[phab:T280599 | gukemura ikibazo cya tekiniki]]. Hanyuma, bazakoresha igikoresho cyo Gusubiza mbere ku [[phab:T267379 | ma Wikipediya yagize uruhare mubushakashatsi]]. Nyuma yibyo, bazabishyira, mubyiciro, kurindi Wikipediya hamwe na Wiki yose yakiriwe na WMF. Urashobora gufungura "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures | muri Beta Ibiranga]] ubungubu. Nyuma yo kubona igikoresho cyo gusubiza, urashobora guhindura ibyo ukunda igihe icyo aricyo cyose muri [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Vuga]]) </div> 14:14, 24 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21624491 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. <!-- They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --> Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of June 28. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 01:19, 27 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21463754 --> == New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]] [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' - Persian language e-books * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik & Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login! We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]]. Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]! --The Wikipedia Library Team 13:23, 11 August 2021 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=21851699 --> == Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="content"/>The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021. These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input. Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities. There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: :[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August) :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC & 14:00 UTC :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC & 15:00 UTC Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]]. Please let me know if you have any questions.<section end="content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 23:19, 17 August 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895766 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end == Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board. 6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]]. Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better. 10:03, 2 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895840 --> == The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello everyone, We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well. Summary: <div style="font-style:italic;"> We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]]. </div> === Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year === In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published. However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]]. We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist. === Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities === We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes. === A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet === We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe. We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon! === Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase === If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes! === Feedback === * What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages? * How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]] * What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022? * What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022? Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings. </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 7 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == 2021 Wikimedia Board of Trustees Election Result == Thank you to everyone who participated in the 2021 Board election. The Elections Committee has reviewed the votes of the 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, organized to select four new trustees. A record 6,873 people from across 214 projects cast their valid votes. The following four candidates received the most support: *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Rosie_Stephenson-Goodknight Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight|Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Victoria_Doronina Victoria Doronina|Victoria Doronina]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Dariusz_Jemielniak Dariusz Jemielniak|Dariusz Jemielniak]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Lorenzo_Losa Lorenzo Losa|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the community vote, they are not yet appointed to the Board of Trustees. They still need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. The Board has set a tentative date to appoint new trustees at the end of this month. Read the full announcement [[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/2021-09-07/2021_Election_Results|here]]. Best, [[Umukoresha:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Zuz (WMF)|talk]]) 10:54, 8 September 2021 (UTC) == Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/>Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021. The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation. English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months. We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]: * Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) * Are ready to find compromises. * Focus on inclusion and diversity. * Have knowledge of community consultations. * Have intercultural communication experience. * Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. * Have experience negotiating with different parties. The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place. Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.<section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:02, 10 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22002240 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 00:45, 11 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Talk to the Community Tech == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello! As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join''']. '''Agenda''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022 * Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes * Questions and answers '''Format''' The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English. We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting. '''Invitation link''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online] * Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390 * One tap mobile ** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York) ** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose) * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location] See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 03:03, 11 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter == Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Umukoresha:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Dušan Kreheľ|talk]]) 02:40, 30 September 2021 (UTC) == Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections. '''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.''' The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021. Learn about each candidate to inform your vote in the language that you prefer: <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates> Learn about the Drafting Committee: <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee> We are piloting a voting advice application for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! Check at <https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/> Read the full announcement: <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections> '''Go vote at SecurePoll on:''' <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections> Best, Movement Strategy & Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation <section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:25, 14 October 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22185710 --> == Hura nabagize Komite ishinzwe gutegura amabwiriza mashya == :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Ibijya namatora ya komite itegura ndetse no guhitamo byo byageze kumusozo. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|Ibyavuye mumatora byaratangajwe]]. abagera kuri 1018 baratoye kugirango haboneke barindwi bajya muri komite: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''. * Umuryango wa Wikimedia ufite [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] babiri: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''. Komite izemezwa vubaha hanyuma itangire gukora akazi kayo, Komite ishobora gushyiraho abantu bagera kuri batatu mu kugirango hatabaho icyuho haba mu guhagararirwa gutandukanye no mu bumenyi butandukanye Niba ubyifuza mu kuba wagira icyo wungura muri gahunda ya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] , wakurikira amakuru agezweho [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] ushobora no kujya muri group [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group]. Turabashimira , biturutse mu ikipe y ingamba z'umuryango n'imiyoborere.--[[Umukoresha:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 18:01, 1 November 2021 (UTC) == Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content /> :''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022. While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback: * What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board? * What involvement should candidates have during the election? While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions. '''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?''' Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> {{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:56, 27 December 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22502754 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]]. You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... Thank you. '''Feminism and Folklore Team''', [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] --05:49, 11 January 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22574381 --> == Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 5 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 5, January 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics. This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates. <div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 16th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]]) *'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]]) *'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]]) *'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about MSG on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])</div><section end="ucoc-newsletter"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:28, 29 January 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22704115 --> == Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees released a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/January 2022 - Board of Trustees on Community ratification of enforcement guidelines of UCoC|statement on the ratification process]] for the '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]'''. The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The UCoC and the Enforcement Guidelines were written by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|volunteer-staff drafting committees]] following community consultations. The revised guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. There is a [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Changes|list of changes made]] to the guidelines after the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines review]]. '''Comments about the guidelines can be shared [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on the Enforcement Guidelines talk page on Meta-wiki]].''' To help to understand the guidelines and process, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team will be hosting Conversation Hours on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the conversation hours to speak with the UCoC project team and drafting committee members about the updated guidelines and voting process]].''' The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. All eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the Enforcement guidelines, and share why. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].''' Many participants from across the movement have provided valuable input in these ongoing conversations. The UCoC and MSG teams want to thank the Drafting Committee and the community members for their contributions to this process. Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance<br/> Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:55, 4 February 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22704115 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work. The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. This Meta page shares the proposal for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Leadership Development Task Force]] and how [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|you can help.]] Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:35, 9 February 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22796821 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team, We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc. We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language. Best wishes, '''International Team'''<br /> '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:50, 22 February 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Coming soon == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> === Several improvements around templates === Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki: * Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]), * Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]), * and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right). All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. </div> - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12:38, 28 February 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=22907463 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki. There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss: * A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&A|community panel]] recorded on 18 February 2022 shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants. * The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022 and 25 February 2022. You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance <br /> Wikimedia Foundation <br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:17, 2 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22916674 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]]. You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 00:52, 8 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22962850 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />Hello! The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about "Regional and Thematic Hubs". The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9. The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''. Best regards, [[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]]<br />Movement Strategy <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 01:31, 10 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22974079 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. ([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram]) The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]] A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]]. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:40, 14 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''. Thank you, From the Community Development team<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:20, 18 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22974079 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:29, 26 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Greetings, The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work. The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Best regards, Movement Strategy and Governance<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:53, 30 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23079949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 6</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="msg-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 6, April 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the sixth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board of trustees elections and other relevant MSG topics. This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while the more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Leadership Development -''' A Working Group is Forming! - The application to join the Leadership Development Working Group closed on April 10th, 2022, and up to 12 community members will be selected to participate in the working group. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continue reading]]) *'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification Results are out! -''' The global decision process on the enforcement of the UCoC via SecurePoll was held from 7 to 21 March. Over 2,300 eligible voters from at least 128 different home projects submitted their opinions and comments. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Discussions on Hubs -''' The Global Conversation event on Regional and Thematic Hubs was held on Saturday, March 12, and was attended by 84 diverse Wikimedians from across the movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Strategy Grants Remain Open! -''' Since the start of the year, six proposals with a total value of about $80,000 USD have been approved. Do you have a movement strategy project idea? Reach out to us! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continue reading]]) *'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee is All Set! -''' The Committee of fifteen members which was elected in October 2021, has agreed on the essential values and methods for its work, and has started to create the outline of the Movement Charter draft. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continue reading]]) *'''Introducing Movement Strategy Weekly -''' Contribute and Subscribe! - The MSG team have just launched the updates portal, which is connected to the various Movement Strategy pages on Meta-wiki. Subscriber to get up-to-date news about the various ongoing projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continue reading]]) *'''Diff Blogs -''' Check out the most recent publications about Movement Strategy on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continue reading]]) </div><section end="msg-newsletter"/> </div> Also, a draft of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|'''2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan''']] has been published. Input is being sought on-wiki and during [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations|'''several conversations''' with Wikimedia Foundation CEO Maryana Iskander]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|See full announcement on Meta-wiki]]. [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:45, 22 April 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23184989 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today! <br>--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:17, 26 April 2022 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=23036656 --> == Coming soon: Improvements for templates == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!--T:11--> [[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]] Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon: The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]] In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]] Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages! </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:14, 29 Mata 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=23222263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Editing news 2022 #1</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> [[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages. New editors are more successful with this new tool. You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]]. Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test. You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].<section end="message"/> </div> [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 18:55, 2 Gicurasi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=22019984 --> == 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']] The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees. The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees. The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team. ;Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]]. Thank you for your support, Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> 10:39, 10 Gicurasi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23215441 --> == Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2022 == Dear Wikimedians, We are glad to inform you that the 2022 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July. This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and contextual images. The campaign will run from July 1 to August 31, 2022 and several communities and Wikimedia Affiliates have already indicated interest to organize the campaign in their localities. Please find your community or community closer to you to participate: [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/Participating Communities|WPWP2022 Campaign: Participating Communities]]. The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles that are lacking them. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this third edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ here on Meta-Wiki]] For more information, please visit the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]]. Best,<br/> [[User:Ammarpad|Ammar A.]]<br/> Global Coordinator<br/> Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign 2022.<br /> 17:38, 31 Gicurasi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=23230284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, We'd like to provide an update on the work on the Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct. After the conclusion of the community vote on the guidelines in March, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs committee (CAC)]] of the Board [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ asked that several areas of the guidelines be reviewed for improvements] before the Board does its final review. These areas were identified based on community discussions and comments provided during the vote. The CAC also requested review of the controversial Note in 3.1 of the UCoC itself. Once more, a big thank you to all who voted, especially to all who left constructive feedback and comments! The project team is working with the Board to establish a timeline for this work, and will communicate this next month. Members of the two prior [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|UCoC Drafting Committees]] have generously offered their time to help shape improvements to the Guidelines. You can read more about them and their work [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions_Committee|here]], as well as read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Phase_2_meeting_summaries#2022|summaries of their weekly meetings in 2022]]. Wikimedians have provided many valuable comments together with the vote and in other conversations. Given the size and diversity of the Wikimedia community, there are even more voices out there who can give ideas on how to improve the enforcement guidelines and add even more valuable ideas to the process. To help the Revisions committee identify improvements, input on several questions for the committee’s review is requested. Visit the Meta-wiki pages ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Enforcement Guidelines revision discussions]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Policy text revision discussions]]) to get your ideas to the Committee - it is very important that viewpoints are heard from different communities before the Committee begins drafting revision proposals. On behalf of the UCoC project team <br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 22:56, 3 Kamena 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23215441 --> == Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hi, Greetings The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced! We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]''' Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project. We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year. '''Thank you,''' '''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:13, 4 Nyakanga 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=23454230 --> == Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass == :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi all, Community members in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|propose statements to use in the Election Compass.]] An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views. ;Here is the timeline for the Election Compass: * July 8 - 20: Community members propose statements for the Election Compass * July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements * July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements * August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements * August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements * August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August. The Elections Committee will oversee the process, supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance team. MSG will check that the questions are clear, there are no duplicates, no typos, and so on. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|talk]]) 11:34, 14 Nyakanga 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23215441 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="msg-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation. The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]]) * '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]]) * '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]]) * '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]]) * '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]]) * '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]]) * '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]]) * '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]]) * '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]]) * '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]]) </div><section end="msg-newsletter"/> </div> Thank you for reading! [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:37, 18 Nyakanga 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23529147 --> == Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election == <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi everyone, '''The Affiliate voting process has concluded.''' Representatives from each Affiliate organization learned about the candidates by reading candidates’ statements, reviewing candidates’ answers to questions, and considering the candidates’ ratings provided by the Analysis Committee. The selected 2022 Board of Trustees candidates are: * Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[:m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]]) * Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[:m:User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]]) * Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[:m:User:Esh77|Esh77]]) * Kunal Mehta ([[:m:User:Legoktm|Legoktm]]) * Michał Buczyński ([[:m:User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]]) * Mike Peel ([[:m:User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]]) You may see more information about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Results]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|Statistics]] of this Board election. Please take a moment to appreciate the Affiliate Representatives and Analysis Committee members for taking part in this process and helping to grow the Board of Trustees in capacity and diversity. These hours of volunteer work connect us across understanding and perspective. Thank you for your participation. Thank you to the community members who put themselves forward as candidates for the Board of Trustees. Considering joining the Board of Trustees is no small decision. The time and dedication candidates have shown to this point speaks to their commitment to this movement. Congratulations to those candidates who have been selected. A great amount of appreciation and gratitude for those candidates not selected. Please continue to share your leadership with Wikimedia. Thank you to those who followed the Affiliate process for this Board election. You may review the results of the Affiliate selection process. '''The next part of the Board election process is the community voting period.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|You may view the Board election timeline here]]. To prepare for the community voting period, there are several things community members can engage with in the following ways: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Read candidates’ statements]] and read the candidates’ answers to the questions posed by the Affiliate Representatives. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Propose and select the 6 questions for candidates to answer during their video Q&A]]. * See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee’s ratings of candidates on each candidate’s statement]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Propose statements for the Election Compass]] voters can use to find which candidates best fit their principles. * Encourage others in your community to take part in the election. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee'' </div><section end="announcement-content"/> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 14:03, 27 Nyakanga 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23530132 --> == Vote for Election Compass Statements == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi all, Volunteers in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|vote for statements to use in the Election Compass]]. You can vote for the statements you would like to see included in the Election Compass on Meta-wiki. An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views. Here is the timeline for the Election Compass: *<s>July 8 - 20: Volunteers propose statements for the Election Compass</s> *<s>July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements</s> *July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements *August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements *August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements *August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee'' </div><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 21:01, 27 Nyakanga 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23530132 --> == The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hi everyone, The Community Voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Here are some helpful links to get you the information you need to vote: * Try the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]], showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics. * Read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|candidate statements]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|answers to Affiliate questions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Learn more about the skills the Board seeks]] and how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills]] If you are ready to vote, you may go to [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll voting page]] to vote now. '''You may vote from August 23 at 00:00 UTC to September 6 at 23:59 UTC.''' To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance ''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23708360 --> == Invitation to join the Movement Strategy Forum == :''{{More languages}}'' <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello everyone, The [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Movement Strategy Forum] (MS Forum) is a multilingual collaborative space for all conversations about Movement Strategy implementation. We are inviting all Movement participants to collaborate on the MS Forum. The goal of the forum is to build community collaboration, using an inclusive multilingual platform. The [[m:Movement Strategy|Movement Strategy]] is a collaborative effort to imagine and build the future of the Wikimedia Movement. Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy, from a comment to a full-time project. ;Join this forum with your Wikimedia account, engage in conversations, and ask questions in your language. The Movement Strategy and Governance team (MSG) launched the proposal for the MS Forum in May 2022. There was a 2-month community review period, which ended on 24 July 2022. The community review process included several questions that resulted in interesting conversations. You can read the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/ms-forum-community-review-report/1436 Community Review Report]. We look forward to seeing you at the MS Forum! Best regards, the Movement Strategy and Governance Team [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 11:32, 29 Kanama 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23720620 --> == The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]] Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.''' We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022. It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Top of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="A section of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === About the skin === '''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.] '''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs. '''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin. * The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%. * The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages. * The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on. * The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities. '''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins. === How can editors change and customize this skin? === It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. === Our plan === '''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Request for more time to discuss the change</span>]]</div> If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 Nzeri 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23838600 --> == Update on Vector 2022 == [[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]]. We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one. We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 Ukwakira 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23955535 --> == Invitation to attend “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” Sessions == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello all, During the 2022 Wikimedia Summit, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) presented the first outline of the Movement Charter, giving a glimpse on the direction of its future work, and the Charter itself. The MCDC then integrated the initial feedback collected during the Summit. Before proceeding with writing the Charter for the whole Movement, the MCDC wants to interact with community members and gather feedback on the drafts of the three sections: Preamble, Values & Principles, and Roles & Responsibilities (intentions statement). The Movement Charter drafts will be available on the Meta page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content|here]] on November 14, 2022. Community wide consultation period on MC will take place from November 20 to December 18, 2022. Learn more about it [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|here]]. With the goal of ensuring that people are well informed to fully participate in the conversations and are empowered to contribute their perspective on the Movement Charter, three '''“Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter"''' sessions have been scheduled in different time zones. Everyone in the Wikimedia Movement is invited to attend these conversations. The aim is to learn about Movement Charter - its goal, purpose, why it matters, and how it impacts your community. MCDC members will attend these sessions to answer your questions and hear community feedback. The “Ask Me Anything” sessions accommodate communities from different time zones. Only the presentation of the session is recorded and shared afterwards, no recording of conversations. Below is the list of planned events: *<s>'''Asia/Pacific''': November 4, 2022 at 09:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1667552400 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Chinese and Japanese.</s> * '''Europe/MENA/Sub Saharan Africa''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Arabic, French and Russian. * '''North and South America/ Western Europe''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Spanish and Portuguese. On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Meta page]] you will find more details; Zoom links will be shared 48 hours ahead of the call. '''Call for Movement Charter Ambassadors''' Individuals or groups from all communities who wish to help include and start conversations in their communities on the Movement Charter are encouraged to become [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassadors]] (MC Ambassadors). MC Ambassadors will carry out their own activities and get financial support for enabling conversations in their own languages. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Regional facilitators]] from the Movement Strategy and Governance team are available to support applicants with MC Ambassadors grantmaking. If you are interested please sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|here]]. Should you have specific questions, please reach out to the MSG team via email: strategy2030@wikimedia.org or on the MS forum. We thank you for your time and participation. On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 15:33, 7 Ugushyingo 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Apply for Funding through the Movement Strategy Community Engagement Package to Support Your Community == :''{{More languages}}'' <section begin="announcement-content" /> The Wikimedia Movement Strategy implementation is a collaborative effort for all Wikimedians. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation Grants]] support projects that take the current state of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy Initiative]] and push it one step forward. If you are looking for an example or some guide on how to engage your community further on Movement Strategy and the Movement Strategy Implementation Grants specifically, you may find this '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/Community Engagement Package|community engagement package]]''' helpful. The goal of this community engagement package is to support more people to access the funding they might need for the implementation work. By becoming a recipient of this grant, you will be able to support other community members to develop further grant applications that fit with your local contexts to benefit your own communities. With this package, the hope is to break down language barriers and to ensure community members have needed information on Movement Strategy to connect with each other. Movement Strategy is a two-way exchange, we can always learn more from the experiences and knowledge of Wikimedians everywhere. We can train and support our peers by using this package, so more people can make use of this great funding opportunity. If this information interests you or if you have any further thoughts or questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to us as your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|regional facilitators]] to discuss further. We will be more than happy to support you. When you are ready, follow the steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About |this page]] to apply. We look forward to receiving your application. Best regards, <br> Movement Strategy and Governance Team <br> Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 16:26, 14 Ugushyingo 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Enabling Section Translation: a new mobile translation experience == Hello Kinyarwanda Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your language, Please help translate to your language. The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] is pleased to let you know that we will like to enable the [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section translation]] tool in Kinyarwanda Wikipedia. For this, our team will love you to read about the tool and test it so you can: * Give us your feedback * Ask us questions * Tell us how to improve it. Below is background information about Section translation, why we have chosen your community, and how to test it. Background information [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has been a successful tool for editors to create content in their language. More than one million articles have been created across all languages since the tool was released in 2015. The Wikimedia Foundation Language team has improved the translation experience further with the Section Translation. The WMF Language team enabled the early version of the tool in February 2021 in Bengali Wikipedia. Through their feedback, the tool was improved and ready for your community to test and provide feedback to make it better. [https://design.wikimedia.org/strategy/section-translation.html Section Translation] extends the capabilities of Content Translation to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will: * Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones. * Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device. Kinyarwanda Wikipedia seems an ideal candidate to enjoy this new tool since it has Content Translation tool enabled by default. We plan to enable the tool in the coming weeks if there are no objections from your community. After it is enabled, we’ll monitor the content created with the tool and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to raise any concerns or questions you may already have in any of the following formats: * As a reply to this message * On [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]]. Try the tool Before the enablement, you can try the current implementation of the tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&from=en&to=rw&sx=true#/ our testing instance]. Once it is enabled on Kinyarwanda Wikipedia, you’ll have access to https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation with your mobile device. You can select an article to translate, and machine translation will be provided as a starting point for editors to improve. Provide feedback Please provide feedback about Section translation in any of the formats you are most comfortable with. We want to hear about your impressions on: * The tool * What you think about our plans to enable it * Your ideas for improving the tool. Thanks, and we look forward to your feedback. [[Umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 01:13, 17 Ugushyingo 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team ===Section Translation tool enabled in Kinyarwanda Wikipedia=== Hello Friends! The WMF Language team is pleased to let you know that the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Section_translation Section Translation] tool is [https://rw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Speciale:TraduzioneContenuti&from=en&sx=true&to=rw#/ now enabled in Kinyarwanda Wikipedia]. It means you can translate content one section at a time using your mobile devices with ease. Now you can also start translating an article on your mobile device right when you notice it is missing in Kinyarwanda. From a Wikipedia article in any language, switch languages and search for Kinyarwanda. If the article does not exist, an option to translate it will appear, as shown in the image below. [[File:Sx-language-selector-invite-th.png|thumb|center|Image of the entry point]] Content created with the tool will be marked [https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:Log?type=&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=sectiontranslation&wpfilters%5B%5D=newusers&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist with the “sectiontranslation” tag] for the community to review. We’ll monitor the content created, but we are very interested in hearing about your experience using the tool and reviewing the content created with it. So, [https://rw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation enjoy the tool] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation provide feedback] on improving it. Thank you! [[Umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 00:46, 13 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC) == Opportunities open for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee == <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>'' </div> Hi everyone! The Ombuds commission (OC) and the Case Review Committee (CRC) are looking for members. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to do so. There is more information below about the opportunity and the skills that are needed. '''About the Ombuds commission''' The Ombuds commission (OC) works on all Wikimedia projects to investigate complaints about violations of the privacy policy, especially in use of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CheckUser policy|CheckUser]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|Oversight]] (also known as Suppression) tools. The Commission mediates between the parties of the investigation and, when violations of the policies are identified, advises the Wikimedia Foundation on best handling. They may also assist the General Counsel, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Trustees of the Foundation in these investigations when legally necessary. For more on the OC's duties and roles, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|see Ombuds commission on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Volunteers serving in this role should be experienced Wikimedians, active on any project, who have previously used the CheckUser/Oversight tools OR who have the technical ability to understand these tools and the willingness to learn them. They must be able to communicate in English, the common language of the commission. They are expected to be able to engage neutrally in investigating these concerns and to know when to recuse when other roles and relationships may cause conflict. Commissioners will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year). '''About the Case Review Committee''' The Case Review Committee (CRC) reviews appeals of eligible Trust & Safety office actions. The CRC is a critical layer of oversight to ensure that Wikimedia Foundation office actions are fair and unbiased. They also make sure the Wikimedia Foundation doesn’t overstep established practices or boundaries. For more about the role, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Case Review Committee|see Case Review Committee on Meta-Wiki]]'''. We are looking for current or former functionaries and experienced volunteers with an interest in joining this group. Applicants must be fluent in English (additional languages are a strong plus) and willing to abide by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee/Charter|terms of the Committee charter]]. If the work resonates and you qualify, please apply. Committee members will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year). '''Applying to join either of these groups''' Members are required to sign the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information|Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] and must be willing to comply with the appropriate Wikimedia Foundation board policies (such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Access to nonpublic information policy|access to non-public information policy]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Privacy policy|Foundation privacy policy]]). These positions requires a high degree of discretion and trust. Members must also be over 18 years of age. '''If you are interested in serving in either capacity listed above,''' please write in English to the Trust and Safety team at ca[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the OC) or to the Legal Team at legal[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the CRC) with information about: * Your primary projects * Languages you speak/write * Any experience you have serving on committees, whether movement or non-movement * Your thoughts on what you could bring to the OC or CRC if appointed * Any experience you have with the Checkuser or Oversight tools (OC only) * Any other information you think is relevant '''The deadline for applications is 31 December 2022 in any timezone.''' Please feel free to pass this invitation along to any users who you think may be qualified and interested. Thank you! On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> ==Wikipedia: Admin request== hello [[User:Minorax]] and [[User:Kmoksy]] I would like to be granted administrative rights on rw.Wikipedia.org, My native language is Kinyarwanda. I understand Wikipedia policies, and I would like to be granted this right so as to be able to effectively ad deliberately maintain rw Wikipedia. I've made over 2000 contributions to both English and rw Wikipedia and have trained more than 40 newbies who are active contributors as of May.2022. Given this right, my contributions will extend but are not limited to: cleaning backlog, protecting pages, dealing with disputes, maintaining content, creating project pages and categories, and provision of quick and understandable feedback to newbies. Currently, there is a lack of regular administrator Maintainance of rw Wikipedia, which has led to multiple Wikipedia policy violations. Hoping my request will be considered --[[Umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|ɴᴅᴀʜɪʀᴏ ᴅᴇʀʀɪᴄᴋ ]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|talk]]) 12:56, 1 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC) :<nowiki>==Gusaba kugirwa Umucungarubuga==</nowiki> :Muraho[[User:Minorax]] na[[User:Kmoksy]]: Nifuzaga kugirwa umucungarubuga kuri wikipediya y'ikinyarwanda. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rwanjye kavukire ,kandi nkivuga ndetse nkanacyandika neza. Nsobanukiwe amategeko agenga urubuga rwa wikipediya,bityo mpawe uburenganzira bwo kuba umucungarubuga ,byatuma imikoreshereze ya wikipediya y'ikinyarwanda irushaho kuba mwiza ndetse n'inyandindiko zandikwaho zikagira ireme birushijeho. :Manze kwandika inyandiko zirenga 2000 kuei wikipediya y'icyongereza ndetse n'ikinyarwanda,kandi nanahuguye abandi barenga 40 uko bikorwa ndetse bamwe muri bo ubu ni abakoresha bahoraho ba wikipediya mu ndimi zitandukanye. :Nimpabwa uburenganzira bwo kuba umucungarubuga zakora byinshi bitandukanye harimo: kurinda inyandiko zisanzwe zanditse kuri urubuga,inshya zizandikwaho ndetse no guhugura abanditsi bashya hagamijwe kwirinda kwica amahamwe agenda wikipediya ndetse no gukemura kutumvikana bishobora kuba hagati y'abanditsi uko ari kwose kandi zafatanya n'abandi muri ibi bikorwa. :Kuri ubu, ntago gucunga uru rubuga bikorwa mu buryo buhoraho, bityo hari amahame agenga urubuga rwa wikipediya adakurizwa rimwe na rimwe bityo ugansaga ,urubugu ruriho inyandiko zifite imwandikire itariyo cyangwa hari n'inyandiko zitujuje amabwiriza y'imwandikire yemewe mu rurimi rw'ikinyarwanda. :Ndizerako ubusabawe buzasubizwa, MURAKOZE [[Umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|ɴᴅᴀʜɪʀᴏ ᴅᴇʀʀɪᴄᴋ ]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|talk]]) 12:58, 1 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC) :: Unsolicited '''SUPPORT''' for Admin nomination of [[User:Ndahiro derrick]] at the RW WP. In my unofficial mentoring of underserved WPs in African languages, we started collaborating here [[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|in May 2020]]. My 500+ contributions here (and more in Wikidata) focus on categories and data structure, sometimes posted on Talk pages as queries because I don't know the Kinyarwandan language. Having an active Administrator will improve the content and form of RW WP pages, as Ndahiro derrick described above in addressing [[User:Minorax]] and [[User:Kmoksy]]. His several years of WP involvement with new users in the Wikimedia Community User Group Rwanda and as a host/organizer of the recent [[:m:WikiIndaba conference 2022|2022 WikiIndaba Conference]] are evidence of his experience and commitment. I look forward to his advancement on behalf of the RW WP contributors' community and our future achievements. ''-- [[User:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[User talk:Deborahjay|talk]])'' 11:28, 2 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC) == Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually. We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas! The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows: * Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023 * Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023 * Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023 * Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023 If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023! </div> {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]</bdi> 12:59, 13 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:STei_(WMF)/CWS_2023_List&oldid=24226232 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:24, 24 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work: # The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it. # They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]]. <strong>Talk pages project</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]] The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]] An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site. <strong>New Project: Edit Check</strong> The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click "{{int:publishchanges}}". The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&nbsp;March&nbsp;2023]] to learn more.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=24611966 --> == Your wiki will be in read only soon == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Fondasiyo ya wikimediya izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora Mu kureba ko ibikorwa byose bizaba bizakomeza, abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga muri wikimediya barashaka gukora igerageza. Iri gerageza rizabafasha kumenya niba bashoboora guhindura imiyoboro rusange. Bizasaba amakipe benshi kwitegura iri geragezwa ndetse no kuba biteguye gukemura ikibazo cyose gishobora kuvuka <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''.</span> Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi Bitewe n'imbogamizi ,ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizahagarikwa mu gihe cy'igeragezwa Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere '''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.''' *Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Then you should be able to save your edit.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Other effects'':</span> *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This project may be postponed if necessary.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Any changes will be announced in the schedule.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">There will be more notifications about this.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.</span> '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 21:21, 27 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == Wikimania 2023 Porogaramu yo kwakira ibyatanzwe == <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimedia_Singapore_Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Urashaka kuba uwakira imbonankubone cyangwa kuri murandasi kuri wikimania 2023? ahari mukuboko kwamahugurwa, ibiganiro byakokanya, kumurika ibinezeza, ibyapa bigaragaza,cyangwa urwibutso rwibiganiro bisobanura. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Kubitanga birafunguye kugeza kuwa 28 Werurwe''']]. Igikorwa kizabera muburyo byahose, gutanga ibyo kuri murandasi ndetse nibyabitswe mbere nabyo bihawe ikaze. Nimba hari ikibazo, turagusaba kutwiyungaho mukiganiro kizaba kuwa 12 kugeza kuri 19 werurwe, cyangwa ukatwandikira kuri emayiki ya wikimania@wikimedia.org cyangwa kuri Telegram. kubindi bisobanuro kuri-wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Your wiki will be in read-only soon == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Fondasiyo ya wikimediya izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora Mu kureba ko ibikorwa byose bizaba bizakomeza, abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga muri wikimediya barashaka gukora igerageza. Iri gerageza rizabafasha kumenya niba bashoboora guhindura imiyoboro rusange. Bizasaba amakipe benshi kwitegura iri geragezwa ndetse no kuba biteguye gukemura ikibazo cyose gishobora kuvuka <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''.</span> Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi Bitewe n'imbogamizi ,ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizahagarikwa mu gihe cy'igeragezwa Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere '''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.''' *Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Then you should be able to save your edit.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Other effects'':</span> *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This project may be postponed if necessary.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Any changes will be announced in the schedule.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">There will be more notifications about this.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.</span> '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 21 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24748237 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:00, 26 Mata 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == Global ban proposal for Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. If this is not the proper place to post, please move it somewhere more appropriate. {{int:Please-translate}} There is an on-going discussion about a proposal that Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY be globally banned from editing all Wikimedia projects. You are invited to participate at [[:m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark|Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark]] on Meta-Wiki. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:Unite together|U.T.]] ([[User talk:Unite together|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 12:36, 4 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:1234qwer1234qwer4@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Requests_for_comment/Global_ban_for_Piermark/Invitations/AN2&oldid=24980083 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:20, 27 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2023 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Dear Wikimedians, [[File:WPWP_logo_1.png|right|150px|frameless]] We are glad to inform you that the 2023 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July. This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and other relevant media files. If you're interested in participating, please find your community or community closer to you to participate from the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/Participating Communities|Participating Communities]] page. If you're organizer, please add your community or Affiliate to the page. The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ on Meta-Wiki]] For more information, please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Kind regards, Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos International Team. [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:25, 7 Kamena 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ammarpad@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=23360272 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Announcing the new Elections Committee members</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello there, We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:00, 28 Kamena 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == MinT Machine Translation added to your Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) system for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation Content Translation] in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT MinT machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content and Section Translation tool. The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_machine_translation neural machine translation] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200], [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT], [https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/indic-trans2 IndicTrans2] and [https://github.com/Softcatala/nmt-models Softcatalà]. This MT is set as optional in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting "Start with empty paragraph" from the "Initial Translation" dropdown menu. Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT machine translation and the models on [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content%20translation/Machine%20Translation/MinT this page]. Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to: *use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service *[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation provide feedback] about its quality, and '''if you prefer the MinT machine translation as default in your Wikipedia'''. We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content Translation tool. Thank you! </div> [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|ibiganiro byanjye]]) 22:02, 4 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team. <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_MinT_announcement_list_2&oldid=25258883 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 Kanama 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> == Your wiki will be in read-only soon == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Fondasiyo ya wikimediya izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa</span> Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora Mu kureba ko ibikorwa byose bizaba bizakomeza, abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga muri wikimediya barashaka gukora igerageza. Iri gerageza rizabafasha kumenya niba bashoboora guhindura imiyoboro rusange. Bizasaba amakipe benshi kwitegura iri geragezwa ndetse no kuba biteguye gukemura ikibazo cyose gishobora kuvuka <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''.</span> Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.</span> Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere '''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.''' *Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Then you should be able to save your edit.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Other effects'':</span> *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This project may be postponed if necessary.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Any changes will be announced in the schedule.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">There will be more notifications about this.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.</span> '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:24, 15 Nzeri 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25018086 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee ==</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]]. Best, Katie Chan <br> Chair of the Elections Committee<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 01:13, 17 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:26, 18 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:26, 18 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 Mutarama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks. Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:23, 12 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions * June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5] * June-August 2024: Campaign period * End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period * October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates * Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan. '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]]. Best regards, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == Your wiki will be in read-only soon == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Fondasiyo ya wikimediya izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa</span> Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''.</span> Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.</span> Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere '''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.''' *Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Then you should be able to save your edit.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Other effects'':</span> *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This project may be postponed if necessary.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Any changes will be announced in the schedule.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">There will be more notifications about this.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.</span> '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:01, 15 werurwe 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636619 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:20, 25 Mata 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Dear community members, The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. On behalf of the CAC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Administrator == This wiki is in really bad shape. I'd like to ask for administrator rights so I can delete the spam and garbage on this wiki. Since there are no active administrators, tagging spam pages will not result in a quick removal. Thank you. [[Umukoresha:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ternera|talk]]) 14:11, 23 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term: * North America (USA and Canada) ** – * Northern and Western Europe ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Latin America and Caribbean ** – * Central and East Europe (CEE) ** — * Sub-Saharan Africa ** – * Middle East and North Africa ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * South Asia ** – The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:15, 3 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2024 == Dear community members, We are inviting you to participate in the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024 campaign, a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2024: Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries. The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages. Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation your language Wikipedia. We’d be glad for you to sign up directly at [[:meta:Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2024/Participating_Communities|WPWP Participating Communities page]] on Meta-Wiki. Thank you, [[:w:en:User:Reading Beans|Reading Beans]] / readthebeans{{@}}gmail.com)<br/> Project manager and coordinator<br/> Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024 <!-- Message sent by User:Ammarpad@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=26836490 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi everyone, The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading. '''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?''' The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. '''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”''' Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote. '''Movement Charter ratification vote''' Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta. If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. On behalf of the MCDC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:44, 11 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading. Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]]. After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further. If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. On behalf of the CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:52, 25 Kamena 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == Ubuyobozi == Hello, I am requesting renewal of my administrator rights on this Wiki project so I can continue helping with vandalism. Murakoze. [[Umukoresha:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ternera|talk]]) 13:12, 1 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''. If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:45, 8 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:03, 10 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.   As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy. The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: '''Individual vote:''' Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333). '''Affiliates vote:''' Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111). '''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:''' The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].   With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''. We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance. The Charter Electoral Commission, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:52, 18 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:48, 27 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:31, 6 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:19, 22 Kanama 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board. Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]]. When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:14, 3 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == wiki yawe izaba isomwa gusa vuba aha == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Fondasiyo ya wikimediya izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|rw}}'''. Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.</span> Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> '''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.''' *Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Then you should be able to save your edit.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Other effects'':</span> *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This project may be postponed if necessary.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Any changes will be announced in the schedule.</span> '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:56, 27 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Icyifuzo cy'ubuyobozi == Ndashaka gusaba kuba umuyobozi kuri iyi Wikipedia. Nindamuka ndi umuyobozi, nzakingira imbuga, nkureho ubutumwa bwa spam, nkureho abantu baza bafite intego zo gusenya umuryango wacu. '''English''' I would like to request for regular and interface adminship. I would like to protect pages, create (and sometimes import) modules and templates, edit CSS and JSON pages (I have basic knowledge of this), few to mention. If anyone disagrees or agrees with this, please say so below. -[[Umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|talk]]) 14:12, 28 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) === Nemeranya nawe (Agree) === '''Inkunga''' it seems good to me. [[Umukoresha:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ternera|talk]]) 14:36, 28 Nzeri 2024 (UTC) === Sinemeranya nawe (Disagree) === === Ibisubizo (Results) === -- [[Umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|talk]]) == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == Administrator access == Hello, I am requesting renewal of the administrator right on this wiki so I can continue removing vandalism and spam. Murakoze! [[Umukoresha:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ternera|talk]]) 14:01, 9 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) === Nemeranya nawe (Agree) === * '''Support''' - keep doing good work protecting this wiki. --[[Umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|talk]]) 07:11, 13 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) === Sinemeranya nawe (Disagree) === === Ibisubizo (Results) === == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted. The following four candidates were the most voted: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]] Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:12, 29 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:36, 29 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:36, 29 Mutarama 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 werurwe 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:56, 13 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == wiki yawe izaba isomwa gusa vuba aha == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Fondasiyo ya wikimediya]] izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|rw}}'''. Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.</span> Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> '''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.''' *Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Then you should be able to save your edit.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Other effects'':</span> *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This project may be postponed if necessary.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Any changes will be announced in the schedule.</span> '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:14, 14 werurwe 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Mata 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Mata 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Mata 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Mata 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Proposal to enable the "Contribute" entry point in Kinyarwanda Wikipedia == {{Int:Hello}} Kinyarwanda Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia. Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Kinyarwanda Wikipedia. '''Who can access it''' Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the "Contribute" icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to "view contributions" is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]] [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]] For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the "Contributions" option unless they change it to the "Contribute" manually. We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the "Contributions" entry point as default.           We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025. We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the "Contribute" entry point in your Wikipedia. We look forward to your response soon. Thank you! On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team. [[Umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 05:02, 13 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|ibiganiro byanjye]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:08, 28 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone, ''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)'' The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''. This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable. The three main features of this extension are: * '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki. * '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''. * '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions. '''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''"Event Organizer"''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment. The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]]) If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout. Thank you! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|ibiganiro byanjye]]) 16:47, 29 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC)</bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&oldid=28803829 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Kamena 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:44, 17 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Kamena 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:45, 14 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:36, 26 Kanama 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == wiki yawe izaba isomwa gusa vuba aha == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Fondasiyo ya wikimediya]] izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|rw}}'''. Urubanza ruzatangira '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.</span> Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.''' *Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Then you should be able to save your edit.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Other effects'':</span> *<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This project may be postponed if necessary.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Any changes will be announced in the schedule.</span> '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Nzeri 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:48, 9 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:59, 23 Mutarama 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-01-26_Wikipedias&oldid=29972868 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 Mata 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:58, 26 Mata 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|ibiganiro byanjye]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 Kamena 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == wiki yawe izaba isomwa gusa vuba aha == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Fondasiyo ya wikimediya]] izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|rw}}'''. Urubanza ruzatangira '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.</span> Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.''' * Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Then you should be able to save your edit.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">''Other effects'':</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This project may be postponed if necessary.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Any changes will be announced in the schedule.</span> '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Nzeri 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> 1p5k67c7bor0vmwh07s1rhdo695h1oa Urufunzo 0 2574 137227 113602 2026-09-15T13:21:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137227 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyperus papyrus6.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Urufunzo</span>]] [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|245x245px]] == Ubusobanuro Sapium == [[Dosiye:Cyperus papyrus 0zz.jpg|thumb|Urufunzo]] [[Dosiye:Cyperus papyrus kz08.jpg|thumb]] Urufunzo ni bumwe mu ikoresho abakurambere b’Abanyarwanda bari bafite ubwo bacyeneraga kubaka, ubumenyi bari bafite buhambaye mu bikorwa bitandukanye, Bimwe muri byo bigaragarira mu bwubatsi; Guhera mu kurambagiza ikibanza, ibikoresho byifashishwaga, ibipimo mu gusiza, ibice bitandukanye bahaga inzu, isuku n’imitako byose byitabwagaho mu buryo bwihariye n'urukangaga mu gusakara.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/article/ubwubatsi-bwa-kinyarwanda-ibyerekana-ubumenyi-buhambaye-bw-abakurambere</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/byaba-byiza-ibishanga-bidahinzwe-uko-byakabaye-byose-prof-bizuru</ref> [[Dosiye:Umusambi_urambuye.jpg|thumb|Umsambi uboshye Urufunzo]] == urukangaga == Urufunzo ubundi turusanga mugishanga, Urufunzo rukora ibintu byinshi nko kuboha imisambi cyangwa imice, Urufunzo rwifashishaga kandi mu bwubatsi bwa gakondo basakazaga ubwatsi ndetse Bifashishaga umukenke, uruguhu, ishinge cyangwa urukangaga. Imigozi yabaga ari imihotore, imivumu, imika cyangwa ibirere.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Bugesera-Urufunzo-rutembera-mu-mazi-rwafunze-imiyoboro-yamazi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubwatsi]] safz7aelmxjirg6nvexi55lo5ttb2fu Avoka 0 2588 137188 135937 2026-09-15T13:11:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137188 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Persea americana Colombia.jpg|thumb|Persea americana Colombia|366x366px]] [[File:Avocado fruit variety in the Philippines.jpg|thumb|Avocado fruit variety in the Philippines|300x300px]] [[File:Avocado Hass - single and halved.jpg|thumb|328x328px|<span style="color:grey;">''Avoka''</span>]] [[Dosiye:Persea_americana_fruit_2.JPG|thumb|avoka eshatu mu giti|382x382px]] [[Dosiye:Avocados (Persea americana) (18159574242).jpg|thumb|Igiti cya avoka]] == Avoka == [[Dosiye:Persea americana (avocado) (27606495619).jpg|thumb|Avoka.]] [[Dosiye:Kol-i010-.jpg|thumb]] Avoka Ibarirwa mu muryango wa lauracees, mu bwoko bwa persea Americana, yakomotse muri [[Amerika]] yo hagati. Avoka ni [[imbuto]] ziribwa zikungahaye cyane ku muvuta na vitamini. Avoka ni [[igiti]] gikura kikagera ku burebure bwa metero 8 kugera kuri 20. Amoko yatsindiriwe akunze kuba magufi kuruta amahumbikano.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bw-avoka.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224121424/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bw-avoka.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/article/abatuye-mu-mijyi-na-bo-bararebwa-na-gahunda-yo-gutera-ibiti-by-imbuto</ref> [[Dosiye:Avocado_with_cross_section_edit.jpg|thumb|Avocado with cross section edit]] === Akamaro k’Avoka === Avoka zikungahaye ku mavuta kurusha izindi mbuto ziribwa ari mbisi (7.8-40.7) bityo zitanga imbaraga , zikungahaye kuri [[vitamini C]],A,B,E,K. Inombe y’Avoka ikorwamo amavuta yo guteka, umutobe wo kunywa. Avoka kandi zikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga n’amasabune, ibishishwa n’ibisigazwa byazo bikorwamo ibyo kurya by’amatungo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> === Aho Avoka Ikunda === Avoka ikunda ahantu hagwa imvura iringaniye (1250-1750mm) mu mwaka,ubutaka butarekamo amazi menshi kuko atuma imizi ibora bityo igiti kikuma. Avoka yera hose mu [[Rwanda]] ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 900 na metero 1800, ahantu hari ubusharire bwa PH5.5-6 ariko hari n’amoko yera neza hejuru ya metero 2000.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> === Amoko y’Avoka === Amoko y’Avoka y’ingenzi yakozweho ubushakashatsi akagaragaza ko yera neza ni: * Hass, * fuerte, * Ettinger, * Booth8, * Choquette * na collisson. Hariho andi yera mu rugero kandi akera hejuru ya metero 2000. Ayo ni nka * Zutano, * puelba, * Dickison, * simpson, * Bacon, * Booth7. Avoka zera imbuto zifite ishusho itandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko bwazo. Hari izigira imbuto zibumbabumbye,izindi ni ndende kimwe nuko hari ingufi. Iyo Avoka ihishije, igishishwa gishobora gusa n’icyatsi cyangwa umutuku bitewe n’ubwoko bwayo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] ewc5lfsrj7jz84w9du5xmo8ueyc9lgk Umukino 0 3142 137160 135894 2026-09-15T12:39:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137160 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hurdling.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Imikino</span>]] [[Dosiye:Ukobakina.jpg|thumb|Uyu numwe mumikino abantu bakina kugirango baruhuke mu Mutwe.]] [[Dosiye:Umupira.jpg|thumb|Gukina umupira numukino mwiza kandi ukunzwe]] [[Dosiye:Umukino wo Koga.jpg|thumb|Gukinira mumazi nibintu bishimisha Abana]] '''Ijambo “umukino” mu Kinyarwanda rifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye cyane bitewe naho rikoresherejwe n’icyo rishaka kuvuga. Ni ijambo rifitanye isano n’imyidagaduro, siporo, umuco, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’ubuzima busanzwe.''' ---- === ⚽ 1. Umukino nk’igisekuru cya siporo cyangwa imyidagaduro === * '''Umukino ni igikorwa gikozwe mu buryo bwo kwidagadura cyangwa guhatana, gikunze gukorwa mu matsinda cyangwa mu buryo bw’imyitozo.''' * '''''Urugero:'' Umukino w’amaguru, umukino wa volleyball, umukino w’intoki, n’indi.''' '''📌 Intego z’umukino:''' * '''Kwidagadura no gususurutsa abantu.''' * '''Kwigisha gukorana, kwihangana, no guhatana mu mucyo.''' * '''Gutoza umubiri kugira ubuzima bwiza.''' ---- === 🎭 2. Umukino nk’igikorwa cy’ikinamico (drama/play) === * '''Aha, umukino bivuga igice cy’ikinamico gikinwa ku rubyiniro cyangwa kuri televiziyo.''' ** '''''Urugero:'' Bakinye umukino werekana amateka y’Abanyarwanda.''' ---- === 🧠 3. Umukino w’ubwenge n’amarenga === * '''Hari imikino yo mu mutwe nko gukina amagambo, ikibuguzo, cyangwa gukina amarenga hagati y’abantu.''' ** '''''Urugero:'' Umukino w’amagambo cyangwa umukino w’amakarita.''' ---- === 🗣 4. Umukino mu mvugo y’ikigereranyo === '''Ijambo ''umukino'' rishobora no gukoreshwa mu buryo buvuga:''' * '''Gukina n’amarangamutima cyangwa guhimba ibitagira ukuri.''' ** '''''Urugero:'' “Uwo muntu akina umukino w’amarangamutima” – bivuze ko atari inyangamugayo mu byo akora.''' ---- === 📝 Mu ncamake: === {| class="wikitable" !'''Ijambo''' !'''Umukino''' |- |'''Ibisobanuro''' |'''Igikorwa cyo kwidagadura, gitoza umubiri cyangwa ubwenge''' |- |'''Aho rikoreshwa''' |'''Muri siporo, mu myidagaduro, mu mikino y’ikinamico n’amarenga''' |- |'''Ubwoko''' |'''Umukino wa siporo, umukino w’ikinamico, umukino w’amagambo''' |- |'''Ikoreshwa''' |'''Mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa bw’ikigereranyo''' |} ---- === 🔍 Amagambo bifitanye isano: === * '''Gukina: gukora umukino.''' * '''Umukinnyi: umuntu ukina umukino runaka.''' * '''Imikino: izina ryeruye ry’ibikorwa byinshi by’imikino.''' ---- '''Umukino''' (ubuke '''Imikino''') cyangwa '''Siporo''' [[Dosiye:Basketball, 1. Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga, ChemCats Chemnitz LR10 by Stepro IMG 7684.jpg|thumb|ifoto y'umukinnyi wa basketball]] Mu by’ukuri siporo ntabwo inanura nk’uko abantu babikeka, ahubwo yewe ku bantu bakora siporo nyinshi ushobora no kubona biyongereye ibiro. Nta yindi mpamvu buretse ko imitsi (''muscles'') iba yaremereye ugereranyije n[[Amavuta y'inka|’amavuta]] (''graisses, fat''). Ariko nko kubantu babyibushye nta gukomera mbese nta reme bafite, mu by’ukuri baba babyibuhijwe n’amavuta bakunze kwitwa ko batepeta, iyo bakoze siporo usanga basa nk’abananuka kuko ya mavuta arayonga. Kandi iyo bakoze siporo ntibananuka ngo babe bato ahubwo usanga ibyo gutepeta bivaho ahubwo bagakomera bakagira ireme. Biba byatewe n’uko hahandi hari amavuta hasimbuwe n’ubunini bw’imitsi bwiyongereye.<ref>https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/umukino-wa-apr-fc-na-rayon-sports-washyizwe-muri-werurwe-2025/</ref> [[Dosiye:Clinch County Football.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|football]] == Amoko ya siporo ==[[File:AAmasiganwa.jpg|thumb|AAmasiganwa]] * [[Umupira w’amaguru]] [[Umupira w’agatebo]] [[Umupira w’intoke]] [[Umupira w’agakoni]] [[tenisi]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Imikino| ]] awzgrkd8cav5v3q0vkdiu3s4muhyuzb Akarere ka Muhanga 0 3275 137158 135893 2026-09-15T12:38:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137158 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Akarere ka Muhanga| ]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y’Amajyepfo y’U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] {{\sandbox}}{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q136465380}} Akarere ka Muhanga <ref name=":0">[https://www.muhanga.gov.rw/ Ahabanza]</ref>ni kamwe mu turere 8 tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'Amajyepfo]]. kagizwe n'imirenge 12, [[Akagari|utugari]] 63 n'imidugudu 331. akarere ka muhanga gafite ubuso bwa Km<sup>2</sup> 647.7, Gatuwe n'abaturage bangana na 357.904 n'ingo 87.342 (Ref. Ubud. MEIS Report 10/2020) Akarere ka Muhanga gafite ubucucike bw'abaturage 552 kuri Km<sup>2</sup> imwe. Akarere ka Muhanga ni kamwe muturere dutandatu twunganira umujyi wa Kigali === Uturere duhana imbibi n'akarere ka Muhanga<ref name=":0" />: === - Amajyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Gakenke|Akarere Ka Gakenke]] - Amajyepfo: [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] n' [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] [[Dosiye:MuhangaDist.png|thumb|Aho akarerre ka muhana gaherereye kw'ikarita y'u Rwanda (mw'ibara ry'umutuku)]] - Iburengerazuba:Akarere ka Ngororero n' [[Akarere ka Karongi]] == Dore ibiranga akarere ka Muhanga: == Akarere ka Muhanga kagizwe n’ibice bibiri by’ingenzi aribyo: igice cy’umujyi kigizwe n’Umurenge wa Nyamabuye, Akagari ka Ruli, mu Murenge wa Shyogwe n’Akagari ka Makera mu Murenge wa Cyeza. Igice cy’icyaro kigizwe n’Imirenge ya Nyabinoni, Rongi, Kibangu, Kiyumba, Kabacuzi, Rugendabari, Muhanga, Mushishiro na Nyarusange, Utugari dutanu tw’Umurenge wa Cyeza n’Utugari dutatu tw’Umurenge wa Shyogwe. Icyicaro cy’Akarere ka Muhanga kiri mu Murenge wa Nyamabuye, mu Mujyi wa Muhanga, ku birometero 50 uvuye mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Akarere ka Muhanga gatuwe n’abaturage 378,760 (Abagabo ni 178.452:49.8%; [[Umugore|Abagore]] ni 179.452: 50.2%) babarizwa mu ngo 87.342. === 2. Ubukungu<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/Muhanga Muhanga - Kigali Today]</ref> === Akarere ka Muhanga kagira ibikorwa byinshi by'ubukungu, harimo: *'''Ubucuruzi''': Muhanga ifite umujyi mukuru kandi ni igicumbi cy'ubucuruzi, aho habera ibikorwa byinshi by'ubucuruzi bikomeye. Hari amasoko y’ibiribwa, ibikoresho by’[[ubuhinzi]], ndetse n’amaduka menshi acuruza ibikoresho bitandukanye. * '''Inganda''': Muhanga ni akarere kagira inganda zitandukanye, by'umwihariko inganda zitunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi n'ibikoresho by’ubuzima. Izi nganda zifasha mu kongera agaciro ku musaruro no kuzamura ubukungu bw’akarere. * '''Ubuhinzi''': Ubuhinzi ni ishingiro ry'ubukungu bw'Akarere ka Muhanga. Abaturage bo muri Muhanga bakora cyane mu buhinzi bw'ibihingwa birimo '''ibishyimbo''', '''[[Ikigori|ibigori]]''', '''imiteja''' (amashyamba), ndetse n'imbuto. Akarere ka Muhanga gashimangira iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere. * '''Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro''' * [[Dosiye:Muhanga Business City Monument.jpg|thumb|Ikibumbano kigaragaza uburyo Muhanga itanga umusanzu munini mu gihugu binyuze mu nganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro]] === 3. Ubukerarugendo<ref>[https://ickjournalism.com/lander?oref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bing.com%2F ickjournalism.com/lander?oref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bing.com%2F]</ref> === Akarere ka Muhanga kafite amahirwe mu bukerarugendo, harimo ahantu nyaburanga h’ibikorwa byinshi byo gusura<ref>[https://fdo.net.rw/imyanya-25-yakazi-ko-kuba-dasso-akarere-ka-muhanga-ntucikwe-naya-mahirwe/ Imyanya 25 y'akazi ko kuba DASSO | Akarere ka Muhanga | Ntucikwe n'aya mahirwe - Free digital opportunities]</ref>: * '''Ibiyaga n’ibishanga''': Akarere ka Muhanga gafite amahirwe mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, cyane cyane ahantu hasurwa, harimo ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo birimo kugenda mu mazi cyangwa kuzenguruka mu bishanga. * '''Umuco gakondo''': Muhanga izwi kandi ku bw’umuco wayo, aho abaturage babarizwa mu miryango itandukanye n’amateka akomeye. === 4. Ibikorwa Remezo === * '''Imihanda''': Akarere ka Muhanga gafite imihanda myiza ituma abantu bagenda neza kandi hakaba hatangwa serivisi nziza z’imihanda. Akarere gafite imihanda ihuza [[Kigali]] n’utundi turere, bikaba byoroshye kwimuka. * '''[[Amashuri y' incuke mu Rwanda|Amashuri]]''': Muhanga ifite amashuri menshi yisumbuye n’amashuri abanza, bituma abatuye ako karere babona amahirwe yo kwiga. * '''Ibigo Nderabuzima''': Akarere ka Muhanga gifite ibigo nderabuzima byinshi, aho abaturage babasha kubona serivisi z’ubuzima z’ibanze. * [[Dosiye:Ifoto y'umujyi wa muhanga.png]] === 5. Iterambere ry’Imibereho<ref>[https://www.webrwanda.com/2025/08/akarere-ka-muhanga-kari-kubakira.html Akarere ka Muhanga kari kubakira imiryango isaga 140 itishoboye - #rwanda #RwOT]</ref> === * '''Amazi meza''': Akarere ka Muhanga kagiye [[gashora]] imari mu gushaka uburyo bwo kugeza amazi meza ku baturage. Hari gahunda yo kubaka ibikorwa byo kugeza amazi meza ku baturage benshi, bigafasha mu kurwanya indwara zandurira mu mazi. * '''Gahunda yo kubaka ibikorwa remezo''': Muhanga ikomeje gushyira imbere imishinga yo kubaka ibikorwa remezo byiza, birimo amashuri, ibigo nderabuzima, no kubaka imihanda n’ibiraro. * [[Dosiye:Kabgayi Basilica Catholic Church.jpg|thumb|Basilika ya Gatolika ya Kabgayi yubatswe mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1930, ikaba ari imwe mu nsengero za kera cyane mu Rwanda, ikaba yaravuguruwe ikongera kubakwa mu myaka 10 ishize.]] === 6. Imbogamizi n'Icyerekezo === Nubwo akarere ka Muhanga kagira ibikorwa byiza by’iterambere, hakiri imbogamizi mu bijyanye n’ubushomeri, kugera ku masoko, ndetse no kongera amahirwe mu by'ubukungu no guhangana n’ubukene. Ariko, hamwe n’imishinga y’iterambere, akarere ka Muhanga kirimo gufata intambwe zikomeye mu gukemura izi mbogamizi. === Icyerekezo === * Guteza imbere ubuhinzi bunoze no gukoresha [[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] mu guhinga. * Kongera ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi no gushyira imbaraga mu kubaka inganda n’ibikorwa remezo. * Kubyaza umusaruro ibiyaga n’ubukerarugendo kugira ngo hatangwe amahirwe yo kwihangira imirimo. Akarere ka Muhanga ni akarere k’ibikorwa byinshi by’[[iterambere]], kikomeje gufasha mu kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage bacyo no guteza imbere igihugu muri rusange. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Inyandiko zo Kuvugurura]] cvrbbdwa2vzgsa9jojuabpo33rn7ta1 Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali 0 3722 137181 121658 2026-09-15T12:54:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro]] '''Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i [[Kigali]]''' (CHUK mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]]; izina mu gifaransa: ''Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''University Teaching Hospital of Kigali'') ni kimwe mu bitaro byo mu gihugu byoherezwa mo abarwayi bakomerewe cyane. Bifite inshingano zo gutanga inyigisho no guhugura abagize umwuga akazi ko kuvura, kuvura bikwiye abantu ari bose baje kuhivuriza no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi. == Amateka == Ibi bitaro byubatswe muri mwaka w'1918, bitangira bikora nk'ikigo nderabuzima mu mwaka w'1928.<ref>Ibitaro bya CHUK biherereye mu mujyi wa Kigali rwagati bigiye kwimurwa - Teradig News</ref> Guhera mu mwaka w'1965 byatangiye gukora nk'ibitaro. Gusa kubera ibibazo byari mu gihugu, guhera muri Mata 1994 kugeza mu mwaka w'1996, ibi bitaro (CHK- Centre Hospitalier de [[Kigali]]/ Ibitaro bya [[Kigali]]) byabaye [[ikigo nderabuzima]], ibitaro by'akarere ndetse nibitaro byorerezwa abarwayi. Mu mwaka wa 2000, hamwe no gushyiraho amategeko Nr. 41/2000 yo ku ya 7/12/2000 ku ishyirwaho no gutunganya ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza "CHUK", CHK yabaye ikigo cya Leta gifite ubuzimagatozi kizwi ku izina rya "Ibitaro byigisha kaminuza bya [[Kigali]]". Ikindi mu minsi yashize humvikanye inkuru y’umwana wari uri kuvurirwa mu bitaro bya Kaminuza bya Kigali (CHUK), wari waravukanye uburwayi bw’amayobora, aho yari afite ikibyimba cyari ku mutwe ndetse ari kinini kuwuruta.<ref>Ibitaro bya CHUK byavuye umwana wari ufite ikibyimba kiruta umutwe we cyari cyarafashe ku bwonko | IGIHE</ref> == Aho biherereye == Ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Kigali / CHUK, biherereye mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|akarere ka nyarugenge]] kuri KN 4 Ave, Umujyi wa [[Kigali]]. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} *https://web.archive.org/web/20120509050415/http://www.chk.org.rw/ [[Category:Umuti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 283xlq2yjw4l0pjwvgvcqkcmwn3v5zt Indirimbo y’igihugu 0 4426 137159 122001 2026-09-15T12:39:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137159 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|rwanda flag]] == '''Indirimbo y’Igihugu cy' u Rwanda'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRPVWwRv1T4</ref> == Indirimbo y’igihugu cya Repubulika y’u [[Rwanda]] ni : [[Rwanda Nziza]]. 1.[[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] nziza gihugu cyacu Wuje imisozi - ibiyaga n'ibirunga Ngobyi iduhetse gahorane ishya... Reka tukurate tukuvuge ibigwi Wowe utubumbiye hamwe twese [[Abanyarwanda]] uko watubyaye Berwa, sugira, singizwa iteka... 2.Horana Imana, murage mwiza Ibyo tugukesha ntibishyikirwa- Umuco dusangiye uraturanga Ururimi rwacu rukaduhuza Ubwenge, umutima,amaboko yacu Nibigukungahaze bikwiye Nuko utere imbere ubutitsa... 3.Abakurambere b'intwari Bitanze batizigama... Baraguhanga uvamo ubukombe Utsinda ubukoroni na mpatsibihugu Byayogoje Afurika yose None uraganje mu bwigenge Tubukomeyeho uko turi twese 4.Komeza imihigo [[Rwanda]] dukunda Duhagurukiye kukwitangira... Ngo amahoro asabe mu bagutuye Wishyire wizane muri byose Urangwe n'ishyaka - Utere imbere Uhamye umubano n'amahanga yose Maze ijabo ryawe riguhe ijambo...<ref>https://www.rwandainjapan.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Japan_user_uploads/Page_Pictures/Rwanda_Nziza.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJL6Fr61U1s</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Indirimbo y’Igihugu| ]] ox8wqz6hhags936vyxybib07205fwsb Abuja 0 5411 137176 136223 2026-09-15T12:50:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 137176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MosqueinAbuja.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">[[Umusigiti w’Abuja]]</span>]] '''Abuja''' n’i [[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Nijeriya]]. Ituwe n'abaturage 1,24 miliyoni (2011)Umujyi mukuru wa Nijeriya, umujyi wubatswe ku bushake kandi uteganyijwe. Wasimbuye ku mugaragaro Lagos nk'umurwa mukuru ku ya 12 Ukuboza 199. '''Ibintu by'ingenzi kuri Abuja''' <u>Imiterere</u>: Umurwa mukuru wa Politiki n'ubutegetsi wa Nijeriya.<ref name=":0">https://www.google.com/search?q=abuja+city&sca_esv=c4f930c117b1d5e6&sxsrf=AE3TifPNtC4gMm0EKuL9T80lYTYA2XcDrg%3A1762592044153&udm=50&fbs=AIIjpHxU7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmWITc7uy4KIeqDdErwP5rACeJAty2zADJjYuUnSkczEhozYdaq1wZrEIjd9_7qgaAiHWrucqxIl0ZDsMLoxuJ9rOTAW05GX41weTe0X1k2bhVx5yoGLRxodI0byGeOjmDMU3vg5qqWwt7sIHXGhrEUGU7W2fDorsCAf-yjFDQoPQupvqFvfWKQeZjiy_w&aep=1&ntc=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjdybOFl-KQAxWwQUEAHUENLxoQ2J8OegQIDhAE&biw=1280&bih=585&dpr=1.5&mstk=AUtExfBevgexdF10FxAF8L4sgmEXxeQX5ac8-i1szHbkx0J_jTrydzGH_suiO8in77fr71iuHXLkkkM3UrPFMyqGLaohVeJgzGpW8KJexf4q2dJfaL2nMgX3tsGQ4bD-Wwm8rlcSEp93OeS88M2-pEhuF-Iu1W2iHMZMhUY53lY-O_wZFVpCCNPCJfcp90awLf5zCTeoBdDAX0Lg6mgpn2HqmGxO8ogtHm1fStkh8D-tIFfZEWM6ZHvR1pHBCx14kgolQAudp7RzQ2nHvc6bt-Pr6WHQvU5ne3xBNpi-QzReT1yD9sLFzt9xgZ7ztHQtkV8jZZljaiIqaoonfg&csuir=1&mtid=1gYPac-PM6uAhbIPiolc</ref> <u>Abaturage</u>: Agace k'imijyi gatuwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 4, bigatuma agace k'umujyi kaba aka kabiri mu guturwa cyane muri Nijeriya nyuma ya Lagos.<ref name=":0" /> <u>Iterambere</u>: Abuja ni umwe mu mijyi ikura vuba ku isi, izwiho iterambere ryayo ryihuse n'ibikorwaremezo bigezweho.<ref name=":0" /> <u>Imiterere y'ubutaka</u>: Imiterere y'umujyi izwiho kuba Aso Rock, igiti kinini giherereye inyuma y'inyubako ya Perezida. Ikindi kibuye gikomeye, Zuma Rock, giherereye mu majyaruguru y'umujyi ku muhanda ugana i Kaduna.<ref name=":0" />[[Dosiye:View_of_Abuja_from_Katampe_hill_08.jpg|thumb|View of Abuja from Katampe hill 08]] [[File:Abuja city gate.jpg|thumb|Abuja city gate]] == Imisigiti == * [[Umusigiti w’Abuja]]<ref>ICICE Al-Noor Mosque </ref>[[File:Central_business_district_abuja.jpg|thumb|Umugi wa Abuja]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Nijeriya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] any8kbl74gc8tahvo0n0y60clwcz3dc Addis Ababa 0 5413 137172 133223 2026-09-15T12:42:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137172 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Addis Ababa at the night time.jpg|thumb]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q3624|useImage=[[File:Addis Ababa City view.jpg|Addis_Ababa_City_view]]}} Addis Ababa ni umurwa mukuru wa Ethiopia([[Etiyopiya]]) ndetse n’umujyi munini kurusha indi yose muri icyo gihugu. Uyu mujyi uherereye mu misozi miremire ya Etiyopiya ku butumburuke bwa metero 2,355 hejuru y’inyanja. Kubera ubwo butumburuke, Addis Abeba ni umwe mu mijyi mikuru iri hejuru cyane ku isi ndetse ni wo murwa mukuru uri ku butumburuke bwo hejuru muri [[Afurika]].<ref>[https://www.metrofutures.org/cities/addis-ababa Addis Ababa | Metro Futures]</ref> [[Dosiye:Addis Ababa sky view.jpg|thumb]] Izina "Addis Ababa" rikomoka mu rurimi rw’Amuharike risobanura '''“Ururabo Rushya”''', mu gihe Aboromo bawita '''Finfinnee''', izina rifitanye isano n’amasoko y’amazi ashyushye aboneka muri ako gace.Uyu mujyi ni ikigo gikomeye cya politiki, [[Ubukungu bw'Afurika|ubukungu]], umuco, uburezi n’ubuhanzi muri Ethiopia. Ni na wo wakira icyicaro gikuru cy’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) n’icy’Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ishinzwe Afurika (UNECA), ari byo bituma ukunze kwitwa '''"Umurwa Mukuru wa Politiki wa Afurika."'''Saint George Armenian Church Addis Ababa 052020. == Amateka == === Amateka ya Kera Cyane<ref>[https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/ethiopia/addis-ababa Addis Ababa Population 2026]</ref> === Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku tunyangingo ndangasano (DNA) bwagaragaje ko abantu ba mbere batuye isi bashobora kuba baranyuze mu gace kegereye Addis Ababa igihe bavaga muri Afurika bajya gutura mu bindi bice by’isi hashize imyaka isaga 100,000. Abashakashatsi basanze uko abantu bagendaga bava muri Afurika berekeza mu bindi bice by’isi, ni ko ubudasa bw’uturemangingo twabo (genetic diversity) bwagendaga bugabanuka, bikagaragaza ko aka karere gafatwa nk’imwe mu nkomoko z’ingenzi z’ikiremwamuntu. === Igihe cyo Hagati === Mbere y’ishingwa rya Addis Abeba, agace ka Entoto kari mu majyaruguru y’umujyi wa none gashobora kuba kariho umurwa mukuru wa kera witwaga '''Barara'''. Barara yari umujyi ukomeye wari uzengurutswe n’inkuta n’ibigo bikomeye bya gisirikare. Wabaye icyicaro cy’abami batandukanye ba Ethiopia hagati y’ikinyejana cya 15 n’icya 16. Mu bushakashatsi bwa vuba, havumbuwe ibisigazwa by’umujyi munini wa kera hagati ya Washa Mikael na Entoto Mariyam, bikaba byaratumye benshi bemera ko Barara yaba yarahoze muri aka gace. === Abaturage Bari Bahatuye Mbere === Mbere y’uko Addis Ababa ishingwa, aka karere kari gatuwe n’ubwoko bw’Abagafat (Gafat). Bavugaga ururimi rwa Gafat rutandukanye n’Ikinyamuharike n’Oromifu. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 16, amatsinda y’Aboromo yatangiye kwimukira muri aka karere, bituma Abagafat benshi bimukira mu bindi bice cyangwa bakivanga n’Aboromo. == Ishingwa ry’Umujyi<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Addis-Ababa</ref> == === Ishingwa === Mu mwaka wa 1886, Umwamikazi Tayitu Betul yubatse inzu hafi y’amasoko y’amazi ashyushye ya Filwoha muri Finfinnee. Nyuma yaje kumvisha Umwami Menelik II ko yimurira umurwa mukuru wa Ethiopia muri ako gace aho gukomeza kuwugira ku musozi wa Entoto wari ukonje cyane.Menelik II yemeye icyo gitekerezo maze umujyi mushya awita '''Addis Ababa''', bisobanura “Ururabo Rushya”.Mu gihe gito, ubutaka bwinshi bwagabiwe abanyacyubahiro, abayobozi b’igisirikare, amadini n’abafatanyabikorwa b’ingoma. Ibi byatumye umujyi ukura vuba cyane.Abakozi, abacuruzi, abanyabukorikori ndetse n’abanyamahanga batangiye kuhatura, bituma Addis Abeba iba umujyi ukomeye cyane. == Mu kinyejana cya 20 == === Mbere y'ubutegetsi bw'Abataliyani (1916–1935) === Mu myaka ya 1920, Addis Abeba yatangiye kugira iterambere rikomeye ry’ubukungu. Ubuhinzi bwa kawa bwazamuye ubukungu bw’igihugu, maze abaturage bo mu rwego rwo hagati batangira kubaka amazu agezweho, kugura imodoka no gushora imari mu mabanki. Mu 1930, ibikorwa remezo byinshi nk’imihanda, insinga z’amashanyarazi na telefone byatangiye kubakwa. === Igihe cy'Abataliyani (1936–1941) === Ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1936, ingabo z’u Butaliyani zinjiye muri Addis Ababa nyuma yo gutsinda Ethiopia mu ntambara. Abataliyani bagerageje guhindura Addis Ababa umujyi wa gikoloni, bashyiraho gahunda nshya yo kuwubaka no kuwutegura. Hubatswe imihanda mishya, inyubako zigezweho n’ibindi bikorwa remezo byinshi. Ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1941, Addis Ababa yongeye kubohorwa, Umwami Haile Selassie agaruka ku butegetsi. === Nyuma y'ubutegetsi bw'Abataliyani (1941–1974) === Nyuma y’ubwigenge, Addis Abeba yakomeje kwaguka no gutera imbere.Abahanga b’Abongereza n’Abafaransa bakoze imigambi mishya y’iterambere ry’umujyi.Mu 1963, Addis Abeba yabaye icyicaro cy’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika (OAU), byatumye izina ryayo rirushaho kwamamara ku rwego mpuzamahanga. === Ubutegetsi bwa Derg (1974–1991) === Nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’Ubwami bwa Haile Selassie mu 1974, ubutegetsi bwa Derg bwafashe ubuyobozi bw’igihugu.Inzu nyinshi n’imitungo byarafashwe bihabwa leta.Nubwo abaturage bakomeje kwiyongera, ibikorwa byinshi by’iterambere byadindijwe n’ibibazo bya politiki n’intambara. === Igihe cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y’Ububirigi (Kuva 1991) === Mu 1991, ingabo za EPRDF zafashe Addis Ababa maze ubutegetsi bwa Derg burarangira.Hashyizweho Itegeko Nshinga rishya mu 1995, Addis Abeba ihabwa ubuyobozi bwihariye nk’umurwa mukuru wa Ethiopia.Uyu mujyi wakomeje kwaguka cyane kubera ishoramari, ubucuruzi n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo. == Imitere == Addis Abeba iri mu misozi miremire ya Ethiopia hafi y’Ikibaya Kinini cya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (Great Rift Valley).Umujyi uzengurutswe n’imisozi ya Entoto kandi ugabanyijemo uturere tw’imijyi (sub-cities) 11. = Ikirere = Addis Abeba ifite ikirere cyiza kandi gikonje kubera ubutumburuke bwayo.Ubushyuhe busanzwe buri hagati ya 20°C na 25°C ku manywa.Imvura nyinshi igwa hagati ya Kamena na Nzeri, mu gihe igihe cy’izuba kiba hagati ya Ugushyingo na Gashyantare. = Abaturage = Uyu mujyi utuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni enye.Amoko yiganjemo ni: * Abamahara * Aboromo * Abagurage * Abatigaray * Abasilte Ikinyamuharike ni rwo rurimi rukoreshwa cyane, ariko n’izindi ndimi nyinshi ziravugwa. = Ubukungu = [[Dosiye:Little Sparrowhawk, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.jpg|thumb]] Addis Ababa ni umutima w’ubukungu bwa Ethiopia.Ibikorwa by’ingenzi byinjiriza abaturage amafaranga ni: * Ubucuruzi * Inganda * Ubwikorezi * Serivisi z’amabanki * Ubukerarugendo * [[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|Ikoranabuhanga]] === Ubwubatsi === Addis Ababa ifite imiterere yihariye kuko itubatswe nk’umujyi wa gikoloni nk’indi mijyi myinshi ya Afurika.Ariko nyuma y’igihe cy’Abataliyani, hubatswe inyubako nyinshi zifite imyubakire y’i Burayi. === Umuco === Addis Ababa ni ihuriro ry’umuco w’amoko yose ya Ethiopia.Hari inzu ndangamurage nyinshi, ikinamico, ibitaramo by’umuziki n’ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi bitandukanye. === Uburezi === Umujyi wakira kaminuza nyinshi zirimo: * Kaminuza ya Addis Ababa * Kaminuza y’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga ya Addis Ababa * Kaminuza y’Abakozi ba Leta ya Etiyopiya * Ndetse n'izindi ,Addis Ababa ni cyo kigo gikomeye cy’ubushakashatsi n’uburezi muri Ethiopia. === Ubwikorezi === [[Dosiye:Local Store, Addis Ababa (7499750144).jpg|thumb]] Ubwikorezi muri Addis Abeba bukorwa hifashishijwe: * Bisi za rusange * Tagisi * Gari ya moshi yoroheje (Light Rail) * Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cy’Indege cya Bole Gari ya moshi yoroheje ya Addis Ababa yabaye iya mbere muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara. === Ubukerarugendo === Ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa cyane harimo: * Inzu Ndangamurage y’Igihugu cya Ethiopia * Meskel Square * Unity Park * Holy Trinity Cathedral * St. George Cathedral * Merkato [[Dosiye:Addis Ababa City view.jpg|thumb]] Kubera amateka yayo, umuco wayo n’inshingano zayo muri Afurika, Addis Abeba ni umwe mu mijyi ikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 1.[[:en:Addis_Ababa|Addis Ababa - Wikipedia]] [[Category:Etiyopiya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] jlz0emp5zdcqpa56ebb9x8i2dk16703 137173 137172 2026-09-15T12:44:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* Amashakiro */ 137173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Addis Ababa at the night time.jpg|thumb]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q3624|useImage=[[File:Addis Ababa City view.jpg|Addis_Ababa_City_view]]}} Addis Ababa ni umurwa mukuru wa Ethiopia([[Etiyopiya]]) ndetse n’umujyi munini kurusha indi yose muri icyo gihugu. Uyu mujyi uherereye mu misozi miremire ya Etiyopiya ku butumburuke bwa metero 2,355 hejuru y’inyanja. Kubera ubwo butumburuke, Addis Abeba ni umwe mu mijyi mikuru iri hejuru cyane ku isi ndetse ni wo murwa mukuru uri ku butumburuke bwo hejuru muri [[Afurika]].<ref>[https://www.metrofutures.org/cities/addis-ababa Addis Ababa | Metro Futures]</ref> [[Dosiye:Addis Ababa sky view.jpg|thumb]] Izina "Addis Ababa" rikomoka mu rurimi rw’Amuharike risobanura '''“Ururabo Rushya”''', mu gihe Aboromo bawita '''Finfinnee''', izina rifitanye isano n’amasoko y’amazi ashyushye aboneka muri ako gace.Uyu mujyi ni ikigo gikomeye cya politiki, [[Ubukungu bw'Afurika|ubukungu]], umuco, uburezi n’ubuhanzi muri Ethiopia. Ni na wo wakira icyicaro gikuru cy’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) n’icy’Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ishinzwe Afurika (UNECA), ari byo bituma ukunze kwitwa '''"Umurwa Mukuru wa Politiki wa Afurika."'''Saint George Armenian Church Addis Ababa 052020. == Amateka == === Amateka ya Kera Cyane<ref>[https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/ethiopia/addis-ababa Addis Ababa Population 2026]</ref> === Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku tunyangingo ndangasano (DNA) bwagaragaje ko abantu ba mbere batuye isi bashobora kuba baranyuze mu gace kegereye Addis Ababa igihe bavaga muri Afurika bajya gutura mu bindi bice by’isi hashize imyaka isaga 100,000. Abashakashatsi basanze uko abantu bagendaga bava muri Afurika berekeza mu bindi bice by’isi, ni ko ubudasa bw’uturemangingo twabo (genetic diversity) bwagendaga bugabanuka, bikagaragaza ko aka karere gafatwa nk’imwe mu nkomoko z’ingenzi z’ikiremwamuntu. === Igihe cyo Hagati === Mbere y’ishingwa rya Addis Abeba, agace ka Entoto kari mu majyaruguru y’umujyi wa none gashobora kuba kariho umurwa mukuru wa kera witwaga '''Barara'''. Barara yari umujyi ukomeye wari uzengurutswe n’inkuta n’ibigo bikomeye bya gisirikare. Wabaye icyicaro cy’abami batandukanye ba Ethiopia hagati y’ikinyejana cya 15 n’icya 16. Mu bushakashatsi bwa vuba, havumbuwe ibisigazwa by’umujyi munini wa kera hagati ya Washa Mikael na Entoto Mariyam, bikaba byaratumye benshi bemera ko Barara yaba yarahoze muri aka gace. === Abaturage Bari Bahatuye Mbere === Mbere y’uko Addis Ababa ishingwa, aka karere kari gatuwe n’ubwoko bw’Abagafat (Gafat). Bavugaga ururimi rwa Gafat rutandukanye n’Ikinyamuharike n’Oromifu. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 16, amatsinda y’Aboromo yatangiye kwimukira muri aka karere, bituma Abagafat benshi bimukira mu bindi bice cyangwa bakivanga n’Aboromo. == Ishingwa ry’Umujyi<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Addis-Ababa</ref> == === Ishingwa === Mu mwaka wa 1886, Umwamikazi Tayitu Betul yubatse inzu hafi y’amasoko y’amazi ashyushye ya Filwoha muri Finfinnee. Nyuma yaje kumvisha Umwami Menelik II ko yimurira umurwa mukuru wa Ethiopia muri ako gace aho gukomeza kuwugira ku musozi wa Entoto wari ukonje cyane.Menelik II yemeye icyo gitekerezo maze umujyi mushya awita '''Addis Ababa''', bisobanura “Ururabo Rushya”.Mu gihe gito, ubutaka bwinshi bwagabiwe abanyacyubahiro, abayobozi b’igisirikare, amadini n’abafatanyabikorwa b’ingoma. Ibi byatumye umujyi ukura vuba cyane.Abakozi, abacuruzi, abanyabukorikori ndetse n’abanyamahanga batangiye kuhatura, bituma Addis Abeba iba umujyi ukomeye cyane. == Mu kinyejana cya 20 == === Mbere y'ubutegetsi bw'Abataliyani (1916–1935) === Mu myaka ya 1920, Addis Abeba yatangiye kugira iterambere rikomeye ry’ubukungu. Ubuhinzi bwa kawa bwazamuye ubukungu bw’igihugu, maze abaturage bo mu rwego rwo hagati batangira kubaka amazu agezweho, kugura imodoka no gushora imari mu mabanki. Mu 1930, ibikorwa remezo byinshi nk’imihanda, insinga z’amashanyarazi na telefone byatangiye kubakwa. === Igihe cy'Abataliyani (1936–1941) === Ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1936, ingabo z’u Butaliyani zinjiye muri Addis Ababa nyuma yo gutsinda Ethiopia mu ntambara. Abataliyani bagerageje guhindura Addis Ababa umujyi wa gikoloni, bashyiraho gahunda nshya yo kuwubaka no kuwutegura. Hubatswe imihanda mishya, inyubako zigezweho n’ibindi bikorwa remezo byinshi. Ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1941, Addis Ababa yongeye kubohorwa, Umwami Haile Selassie agaruka ku butegetsi. === Nyuma y'ubutegetsi bw'Abataliyani (1941–1974) === Nyuma y’ubwigenge, Addis Abeba yakomeje kwaguka no gutera imbere.Abahanga b’Abongereza n’Abafaransa bakoze imigambi mishya y’iterambere ry’umujyi.Mu 1963, Addis Abeba yabaye icyicaro cy’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika (OAU), byatumye izina ryayo rirushaho kwamamara ku rwego mpuzamahanga. === Ubutegetsi bwa Derg (1974–1991) === Nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’Ubwami bwa Haile Selassie mu 1974, ubutegetsi bwa Derg bwafashe ubuyobozi bw’igihugu.Inzu nyinshi n’imitungo byarafashwe bihabwa leta.Nubwo abaturage bakomeje kwiyongera, ibikorwa byinshi by’iterambere byadindijwe n’ibibazo bya politiki n’intambara. === Igihe cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y’Ububirigi (Kuva 1991) === Mu 1991, ingabo za EPRDF zafashe Addis Ababa maze ubutegetsi bwa Derg burarangira.Hashyizweho Itegeko Nshinga rishya mu 1995, Addis Abeba ihabwa ubuyobozi bwihariye nk’umurwa mukuru wa Ethiopia.Uyu mujyi wakomeje kwaguka cyane kubera ishoramari, ubucuruzi n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo. == Imitere == Addis Abeba iri mu misozi miremire ya Ethiopia hafi y’Ikibaya Kinini cya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (Great Rift Valley).Umujyi uzengurutswe n’imisozi ya Entoto kandi ugabanyijemo uturere tw’imijyi (sub-cities) 11. = Ikirere = Addis Abeba ifite ikirere cyiza kandi gikonje kubera ubutumburuke bwayo.Ubushyuhe busanzwe buri hagati ya 20°C na 25°C ku manywa.Imvura nyinshi igwa hagati ya Kamena na Nzeri, mu gihe igihe cy’izuba kiba hagati ya Ugushyingo na Gashyantare. = Abaturage = Uyu mujyi utuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni enye.Amoko yiganjemo ni: * Abamahara * Aboromo * Abagurage * Abatigaray * Abasilte Ikinyamuharike ni rwo rurimi rukoreshwa cyane, ariko n’izindi ndimi nyinshi ziravugwa. = Ubukungu = [[Dosiye:Little Sparrowhawk, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.jpg|thumb]] Addis Ababa ni umutima w’ubukungu bwa Ethiopia.Ibikorwa by’ingenzi byinjiriza abaturage amafaranga ni: * Ubucuruzi * Inganda * Ubwikorezi * Serivisi z’amabanki * Ubukerarugendo * [[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|Ikoranabuhanga]] === Ubwubatsi === Addis Ababa ifite imiterere yihariye kuko itubatswe nk’umujyi wa gikoloni nk’indi mijyi myinshi ya Afurika.Ariko nyuma y’igihe cy’Abataliyani, hubatswe inyubako nyinshi zifite imyubakire y’i Burayi. === Umuco === Addis Ababa ni ihuriro ry’umuco w’amoko yose ya Ethiopia.Hari inzu ndangamurage nyinshi, ikinamico, ibitaramo by’umuziki n’ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi bitandukanye. === Uburezi === Umujyi wakira kaminuza nyinshi zirimo: * Kaminuza ya Addis Ababa * Kaminuza y’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga ya Addis Ababa * Kaminuza y’Abakozi ba Leta ya Etiyopiya * Ndetse n'izindi ,Addis Ababa ni cyo kigo gikomeye cy’ubushakashatsi n’uburezi muri Ethiopia. === Ubwikorezi === [[Dosiye:Local Store, Addis Ababa (7499750144).jpg|thumb]] Ubwikorezi muri Addis Abeba bukorwa hifashishijwe: * Bisi za rusange * Tagisi * Gari ya moshi yoroheje (Light Rail) * Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cy’Indege cya Bole Gari ya moshi yoroheje ya Addis Ababa yabaye iya mbere muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara. === Ubukerarugendo === Ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa cyane harimo: * Inzu Ndangamurage y’Igihugu cya Ethiopia * Meskel Square * Unity Park * Holy Trinity Cathedral * St. George Cathedral * Merkato [[Dosiye:Addis Ababa City view.jpg|thumb]] Kubera amateka yayo, umuco wayo n’inshingano zayo muri Afurika, Addis Abeba ni umwe mu mijyi ikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Etiyopiya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] sa88mkblzy18a21ewg5548yjh60qyhm Accra 0 5414 137166 132512 2026-09-15T12:40:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q3761|useImage=[[File:Accra Central, Accra, Ghana.jpg|Accra_Central,_Accra,_Ghana]]}} Accra ni [[umurwa]] mukuru ndetse n’umujyi munini wa Ghana. Uherereye ku nkombe z’amajyepfo z’Igolfe ya Guinea, igice cy’Inyanja ya Atlantika. Ni cyo kigo gikuru cy’ubutegetsi, ubukungu n’imiyoborere y’igihugu cya Ghana. [[Dosiye:Accra Mall, Ayawaso West (P1100127).jpg|thumb]] Mu ibarura ry’abaturage ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2021, Akarere ka Metropolitani ya Accra gafite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 20.4 n’abaturage 284,124. Intara ya Greater Accra yo ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 3,245 n’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 5.46. Izina “Accra” rimwe na rimwe rikoreshwa risobanura agace kanini kari kagize Akarere ka Metropolitani ya Accra mbere y’umwaka wa 2008. Aka gace nyuma kagabanyijwemo uturere 13 tw’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze. == Inkomoko y’Izina<ref>[https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/FCFA_PolicyBrief_Accra-Maputo_WEB1.pdf FCFA_PolicyBrief_Accra-Maputo_WEB1.pdf]</ref> == [[Dosiye:Jamestown, Accra (P1100262).jpg|thumb]] Ijambo “Accra” rikomoka ku ijambo ry’Ikani (Akan) '''Nkran''', risobanura “ibimonyo”. Iri zina ryaturutse ku birundo by’ibimonyo byagaragaraga mu gace gakikije uyu mujyi. Abaturage bavuga ururimi rwa Twi ni bo bakoresheje iri zina bavuga umujyi n’abawutuye.Mu rurimi rw’aba-Ga, abaturage kavukire b’ako gace, Accra yitwa '''Ga''' cyangwa '''Gaga'''. Iri zina rifitanye isano n’iry’ubwoko bw’Abaga batuye muri ako karere. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Accra Skyline - Wide view.jpg|thumb|337x337px]] Accra yavutse biturutse ku guhuza imidugudu itandukanye yari yubatswe hafi y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi by’Abanyaburayi. Muri ibyo harimo Fort James y’Abongereza, Fort Crêvecoeur (Ussher Fort) y’Abaholandi, na Fort Christiansborg y’Abanya-Danemark. Iyi midugudu yari izwi nka Jamestown, Usshertown na Christiansborg yaje guhuzwa, ikaba ari yo yabaye ishingiro ry’umujyi wa Accra.Mu mwaka wa 1877, Accra yabaye umurwa mukuru wa Gold Coast, koloni y’Abongereza. Yabaye umurwa mukuru kugeza Ghana ibonye ubwigenge mu mwaka wa 1957. Nyuma yaho, umujyi wakomeje kwaguka no gutera imbere ku buryo bwihuse. == Imiterere y’Ubuso == Accra iherereye ku nkombe z’Inyanja ya Atlantika kandi ifite ubutaka buri hasi ugereranyije n’indi mijyi myinshi ya Ghana. Kuba iri ku nkombe z’inyanja bituma ihura n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’izamuka ry’amazi y’inyanja. == Ikirere == Accra ifite ikirere gishyushye cyo mu turere two ku nkombe z’inyanja. Ubushyuhe bwayo buringaniye umwaka wose, kandi imvura nyinshi igwa hagati y’ukwezi kwa Mata n’ukwa Kamena. Impuzandengo y’ubushyuhe iba hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 24 na 33. == Ubukungu == [[Dosiye:Accra Park, Ayawaso West (P1090904).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Accra Ghana 2.jpg|thumb|268x268px]] [[Dosiye:Traditional fishermen in Jamestown, Accra.jpg|thumb]] Accra ni ihuriro rikomeye ry’ubukungu bwa Ghana. Ni cyo kigo gikuru cy’ubucuruzi, amabanki, ubwishingizi, ubwikorezi n’ishoramari. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Banki y’Isi yagereranyije ko ubukungu bwa Accra bwari bufite agaciro ka miliyari eshatu z’amadolari ya Amerika mu musaruro mbumbe wa Ghana.Urwego rwa serivisi ni rwo rukoresha abaturage benshi, rukurikirwa n’inganda n’ubwubatsi. == Uburezi == Accra ifite amashuri menshi kuva ku mashuri y’incuke kugeza kuri za kaminuza. Muri zo harimo Kaminuza ya Ghana (University of Ghana) iri i Legon, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), Accra Technical University n’izindi.Uyu mujyi kandi urimo amashuri yisumbuye azwi cyane nka Achimota School, Accra Academy na Presbyterian Boys’ Secondary School. == [[Ubwikorezi mu Rwanda|Ubwikorezi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/pressrelease/2021%20PHC%20General%20Report%20Vol%203A_Population%20of%20Regions%20and%20Districts_181121.pdf |title=Ghana Statistical Service |access-date=2026-06-21 |archive-date=2025-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515213019/https://statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/pressrelease/2021%20PHC%20General%20Report%20Vol%203A_Population%20of%20Regions%20and%20Districts_181121.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Accra ni ihuriro rikomeye ry’ubwikorezi muri Ghana. Ifite ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Accra International Airport, imihanda minini ihuza umujyi n’utundi turere twa Ghana, ndetse n’imirongo ya gari ya moshi ijya mu mijyi nka Kumasi na Tema.Abaturage benshi bakoresha tagisi, bisi n’imodoka rusange zizwi nka “tro tro”. == Ubukerarugendo n’Umuco == Accra ni igicumbi cy’ubukerarugendo muri Ghana. Irimo amahoteli, inzu ndangamurage, inzibutso n’ahantu h’imyidagaduro. Umujyi wakira inama nyinshi mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ibikorwa by’umuco bihuriza hamwe abantu baturutse mu bice bitandukanye by’isi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 1.[[:en:Accra|Accra - Wikipedia]] [[Category:Gana]] [[Category:Imirwa]] dff2ne8ocdlzgjlrdi2nryiugs5g7ur Adana 0 5503 137175 133517 2026-09-15T12:48:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 137175 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adana Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Adana</span>]] [[File:Adana1.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Adana</span>]] '''Adana''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Adana'' ) ni [[umujyi]] munini uherereye mu majyepfo ya [[Turukiya|Turukiya,]] ndetse ukaba n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Adana]]. Uyu mujyi uherereye ku ruzi rwa Seyhan, ku birmetero 35 uvuye ku nkombe zo mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw'inyanja ya Mediteranee. Adana ifite n'abaturage 2,283,609 batuye mu mujyi no mu nkengero zawo (Seyhan n'ahandi).<ref name=":0">[https://www.nufusu.com/il/adana-nufusu Adana Nüfusu 2025 2026]</ref> Muri iki gihe, Adana ni igicumbi cy'ubucuruzi, imitangire ya serivise za Leta n'izabikorera. Hagaragara bimwe mu bikorwa by'ubuhinzi, ibigo by'ubuvuzi, uburyo bw'ubwikorezi bufasha kugeza ibicuruzwa hirya no hino, bigatuma ubukungu bwaho butera imbere cyane. Uyu mujyi kandi ubarizwamo uburyo bwo gukora ingendo hifashishije gari ya moshi ndetse n'ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'indege.<ref name=":0" /> Mu mwaka 2025, abarwanyi bo mu mitwe y'iterabwoba bagerageje kenshi gutera ibisasu. Muri Gashyantare (02), igiter cyagabwe cyahitanye abantu 3 nyuma yo kugabwa ku bikorwa by'ubuvuzi. <ref>[https://www.khaama.com/three-killed-in-armed-attack-at-medical-supply-store-in-adana-turkey/ Three killed in armed attack at Medical supply store in Adana, Turkey - Khaama Press]</ref> Naho muri Werurwe (03) uwo mwaka, abari bagiye kugaba igitero bafashwe mpiri ntacyo barakora. Ibi bigaragaza ko uyu w'amateka kandi uzwiho ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi, ubukerarugendo n'ibindi wibasirwa cyane n'imitwe y'iterabwoba.<ref>[https://en.haberler.com/a-bomb-attack-was-prevented-in-adana-and-three-2063550/ A bomb attack was prevented in Adana, and three people were arrested.]</ref> [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] ==Amashakiro== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] rnjpxo5dwy9v1p4qgfvz18rpmjbrdg1 Urubingo 0 5777 137189 113600 2026-09-15T13:11:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137189 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Starr 060422-9415 Pennisetum purpureum.jpg|thumb|Urubingo|323x323px]] [[File:Harvesting Napier.jpg|thumb|Kenya]] [[Dosiye:Pennisetum purpureum 0zz.jpg|thumb|urubingo]] [[Dosiye:Starr-120608-7310-Cenchrus purpureus-outplanted and grazed-Ulupalakua Ranch-Maui (25052014741).jpg|thumb|urubingo]] '''Urubingo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pennisetum purpureum'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Pennisetum purpureum 0zz.jpg|thumb|Urubingo]] Ubwoko bwa French cameroun ni rwo rwiza kandi rutanga ubwatsi bwinshi kuruta ibindi byatsi. Kurukorera ntibigoye kandi ntirupfa gucika. Basiga cm 40 hagati y’imirongo na cm 20 hagati y’ingeli. [[Dosiye:Pennisetum purpureum racine.jpg|thumb|Urubingo]] Ubu ni uburyo bwifashishwa mu buhinzi aho batera ibyatsi bifite imizi miremire bigafata ubutaka bushobora kugenda bitewe ni isuri aha twavuga nka tiribusakumu, sitariya, mukuna.Ubu ni uburyo bwakoreshwaga kuva kera aho bateraga ibtatsi bifata amazi y’imvura ku mirongo bakurikije imiterere y’umusozi. iyi ni imirwanyasuri ifatana nibindi ibyatsi bifata ubutaka bityo bikorohereza amazi y’imvura kwinjira mu butaka.<ref>https://kubahonet.com/tag/kwita-ku-butaka/</ref> [[Dosiye:Sapium-ellipticum-JWGw1885-LT-x50.jpg|thumb]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] gmwqnd5em3bi1yg736nh89xj4y6jlqr Ipapaya 0 5818 137190 135945 2026-09-15T13:11:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137190 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Carica_papaya_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-029.jpg|thumb|right|288x288px|<span style="color:grey;">Ipapaya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Well Fruited Pawpaw Tree in Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|amapapayi]] [[Dosiye:Carica papaya in China.jpg|thumb|Igiti cyipapayi]] [[Dosiye:Carica papaya fl fem.jpg|thumb|Ipapayi itangiye kumera]] [[Dosiye:Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view.jpg|thumb|Mugice cyimbere mwipapayi]] [[Dosiye:Carica papaya Fruit.jpg|thumb|Ipapayi yeze]] [[Dosiye:Carica papaya 14 7 2012.jpg|thumb|Carica papaya]] [[Dosiye:Carica papaya 20zz.jpg|left|thumb]] '''Ipapaya''' ni [[urubuto]] ku isoko rusigaye ruhenda, nyamara uruteye ntiharenga umwaka rutarera kuko ni rumwe mu mbuto zera vuba. Mu kurya ipapayi urarihata ukanakuramo utubuto tw’imbere kuko nubwo natwo ari umuti ariko turarura.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ipapayi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224125648/https://umutihealth.com/ipapayi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/imbuto-zipapayi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224125646/https://umutihealth.com/imbuto-zipapayi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/wari-uzi-ko-imbuto-z-ipapayi-zifasha-mu-kurwanya-inzoka-zo-mu-nda-sobanukirwa-ibyiza-by-ipapayi</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/ipapayi-ishobora-kuvura-indwara-zikomeye</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80182/waba-uzi-umumaro-w-ipapayi-ku-buzima-bwawe-80182.html</ref> == Ipapayi rikize kuri byinshi: == * Vitamini A * Vitamin C * Vitamini E * Beta-carotene * Papain-amata yaryo * Imyunyu-ngugu itandukanye<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Akamaro k’ipapayi ku buzima == * Ipapayi ni umuti uvura kwituma impatwe cyangwa kutituma. Kurirya byibuze gatatu ku munsi birabivura * Amata yaryo azwiho gukoreshwa mu nganda zikora shikareti n’izibika inyama mu makopo. Ndetse anatuma inzoga zo mu nganda zigumana umwimerere wazo. * Irinda kanseri cyane cyane iyo mu Mara kuko ryoza mu nda * Ku barwaye diyabete ni ryiza kuko nta sukari nyinshi ibamo. Agakombe k’umutobe waryo kaba gafite garama 8.3 gusa. * Rifasha mu kugabanya umubyibuho kuko uretse kuba ridafite isukari nyinshi rinatera igihagisha bityo ntube warya byinshi. * Rizwiho kurinda indwara zinyuranye z’umutima kuko rituma amaraso atembera neza. * Nk’urubuto rukize kuri vitamin C, rifasha mu kongera abasirikare barinda umubiri no kubongerera ingufu * Ku bagabo rifasha igitsina mu kongera umurego mu gihe cy’imibonano kuko rizwiho kuzibura imitsi y’amaraso * Rirwanya cholesterol mbi mu mubiri. Iyi twavuzeko ituma imitsi y’amaraso iziba kuko iba imeze nk’iyagiyeho ingese. * [[Dosiye:Mamão_papaia_em_fundo_preto.jpg|thumb|amapapayi.]]Nkuko twabibonye rikize kuri vitamin A. Iyi izwiho kurwanya ubuhumyi n’izindi ndwara z’amaso * Kurirya birwanya rubagimpande, kuribwa mu ngingo n’ubundi bubabare bunyuranye * Rifasha mu gutunganya uruhu no kururinda gusaza. Niyo mpamvu hari amavuta yo kwisiga usanga rivanzemo * Ku bakobwa n’abagore rirwanya kuribwa uri mu mihango. * Waba uvuye ku kazi unaniwe cyane? Hita urya ipapayi kuko riragufasha kumva uruhutse kuko rirwanya stress. * Amababi yaryo akiri mato aribwa nk’[[imboga]]. Uko bitegurwa tuzabivugaho. * Imbuto zaryo zizwiho kurwanya inzoka zo mu nda kimwe n’amata yaryo. Nabyo tuzabivugaho ukwabyo.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibindi == # Rihabwa umwana ari uko byibuze agejeje amezi 8. Kuko ni rumwe mu mbuto zishobora gutera ubwivumbure. # Kurirya ridahiye neza bishobora kukuryaryata ku munwa no ku rurimi kubera amata yaryo. Ni byiza kurirya rihiye neza. # Umugore utwite agomba kwirinda iridahiye neza kimwwe n’amata yaryo iyo ridahiye kuko byagaragaye ko rihungabanya umwana uri mu nda iyo ririwe ari ribisi # Uririye rikakugwa nabi, ubwo umubiri wawe uba urigiraho ubwivumbure. Urarizibukira.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 92lu78bqj3ar3lcx3vbjzbc4l0vxqpp Umubunda (pinusi) 0 5829 137191 123981 2026-09-15T13:12:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137191 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pinus densiflora Kumgangsan.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umubunda </span>]] '''Umubunda''' cyangwa '''Pinusi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pinus'') ni [[igiti]]. * [[Dosiye:Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings.jpg|thumb|PINUSI|301x301px]][[Dosiye:Odles Cisles y Mastle pinus Cembra.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Umubunda (pinusi)]][[Amahwa ya Kasi]] (''Pinus'' Ubwoko butandukanye bw'igiti cy'umubunda bwatewe mugice kidashyushye ntikinakonje.<ref>https://byjus.com/neet/pinus/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] bjhlmjnjhb4xlsqg2zpie4ch9m41p3w Igikakarubamba 0 5874 137228 121559 2026-09-15T13:22:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137228 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aloe hybrid, jardín del molino, Sierra de San Felipe, Setúbal, Portugal, 2012-05-11, DD 01.jpg|thumb|283x283px|Igikakarubamba]] [[Dosiye:Aloe dawei Knospe.jpg|thumb|igikakarubamba]] [[Dosiye:Aloe dawei kz1.jpg|thumb|Igikakarubamba]] [[Dosiye:180516 163700 Huntington Botanical Gdn - Celebration Lawn, Aloe dawei, Encephalartos horridus, Acca sellowiana Pineapple Guava.jpg|thumb|Igikakarubamba]] [[Dosiye:Sapium macrocarpum.jpg|thumb]] '''Igikakarubamba''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Aloe dawei'') ni [[ikimera]]Igikakarubamba ni kimwe mu bihingwa biboneka henshi ku isi ndetse cyakunze gukoreshwa cyane mu myaka ya cyera bagikoresha nk’umuti uvura indwara zitandukanye gusa ikibabaje nuko benshi batari bazi ubwiza bwacyo. == Tumenye Igikakarubamba == Igikakarubamba ni kimwe mu bihingwa biboneka henshi ku isi ndetse cyakunze gukoreshwa cyane mu myaka ya cyera bagikoresha nk’umuti uvura indwara zitandukanye gusa ikibabaje nuko benshi batari bazi ubwiza bwacyo,Ni muri urwo rwego rero twifuje kubagezaho bimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi igikakarubamba gifitiye umubiri w’umuntu,<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83232/numara-gusoma-iyi-nkuru-ntuzongera-kwirengagiza-igikakarubam-83232.html</ref>Umutobe w’igikakarubamba ni ingirakamaro cyane mu mubiri w’umuntu kuko wibitseho vitamine zitandukanye zirimo A, B, C, E, Acide folique, Calcium nkeya, Cuivre, chrome, sodium, sélénium, magnésium, potassium, manganèse, ndetse na zinc.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.agakiza.rw/Dore-akamaro-k-igikakarubamba-ku-buzima-bwawe.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301160439/https://www.agakiza.rw/Dore-akamaro-k-igikakarubamba-ku-buzima-bwawe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Abahanga mu by’ubuzima bavuga ko igikakarubamba ari isoko nziza ya vitamin B12. Iki gihingwa kandi gifite amazi ahagije muri cyo ari nabyo birinda uwanyoye umutobe wacyo bigafasha impyiko ndetse n’umwijima kugubwa neza bityo umuntu akihagarika bitagoranye. Niba wifuza kugira ubuzima bugira umuze rero ugafasha umubiri wawe guhorana amazi ahagije ndetse ukagira na za ntungamubiri twavuze haruguru, koresha igikakarubamba buri munsi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/igikakarubamba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301160439/https://umutihealth.com/igikakarubamba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi Igikakarubamba kimariye ubuzima == Igikakarubamba kigira akamaro kenshi mu mubiri w’umuntu . Reka turebere hamwe ibintu 10 igikakarubamba gifasha umubiri wacu Kugabanya igipimo cy’isukari mu mubiri'''.'''Igikakarubamba kiri mu bintu umurwayi wa diyabete ategetswe gukoresha kenshi. Kuko kigabanya igipimo cy’isukari iri mu maraso bigatuma kijya ku rugero rukwiye.Gufasha urwungano ngogozi'''.''' Igikakarubamba gifasha mu mikorere myiza y’uru rwungano, gituma intungamubiri zibasha gukamurwa mu byo twariye ndetse kigatuma ibyarwangiza bisohoka. Si ibyo gusa kuko gifasha mu kurwanya kugugara no kuribwa mu nda nyuma yo kurya kandi kikarinda ko wakituma impatwe.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibintu-10-by-ingirakamaro-igikakarubamba-gifasha-umubiri-wacu</ref>Kongerera ingufu ubudahangarwa'''.''' Ibi biterwa nuko kirimo [[vitamini C]] ndetse kikabamo n’ibindi byongerera ingufu ubudahangarwa.Koroshya ikirungurira'''.''' Akenshi ntidufata ikirungurira nk’indwara, nyamara burya ni aside iba yabaye nyinshi mu gifu, ikajya izamuka. Kunywa rero igikakarubamba bifasha mu kuringaniza igipimo cya aside yo mu gifu.Kugabanya cholesterol'''.''' Kunywa igikakarubamba bisukura amaraso bikavanamo urugimbu ndetse bikaringaniza isukari mu maraso.Imikorere myiza y’umutima'''.'''Gukoresha igikakarubamba kandi byongera ingufu z’imikorere y’umutima, bigatuma amaraso atembera neza mu mubiri. Kandi biranayasukura. Gutembera neza kw’amaraso bigirira akamaro [[ubwonko]] n’ibindi bice by’umubiri kuko umwuka wa oxygen ugeramo neza kandi uhagije.<ref name=":1" />Kubuza kanseri gukura'''.''' Ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu gitabo International Immunopharmacology (1995), bwerekanye ko mu gikakarubamba harimo polysacharides zikora nitric oxide (NO) nyinshi cyane, iyi ikaba izwiho guhangana na kanseri.Kivura indwara z’uruhu'''.''' Kuri ubu usanga amavuta yo kwisiga amwe n’amwe arimo igikakarubamba, kuko uretse kuvura indwara z’uruhu kinarinda uruhu kugaragaza gusaza.Gusa ni byiza iyo ukinyweye,kuko birinda uruhu rwawe.Gutuma imisatsi ikura neza'''.''' Amavuta y’umusatsi arimo igikakarubamba atuma ugira imisatsi minini kandi idapfuka. Ushobora gusiga ayo mavuta ku muzi w’umusatsi kuko bizayirinda gupfuka. Hari na shampoo zikozwe mu gikakarubamba, zirinda imisatsi gupfuka.<ref name=":0" />Kuvura rubagimpande'''.''' Igikakarubamba kizwiho kurwanya uburibwe no kubyimbirwa. Umutobe ukivamo iyo uwunyoye cyangwa ukawusiga ahababara hanabyimbye bifasha mu gutuma habyimbuka hakanakira vuba. Si ibyo gusa kuko binavura kuribwa imikaya, mu ngingo nko ku bikanu no mu bujana. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] rhseeuemycd6teoka01ex62q9shudbj Umubirizi 0 5897 137186 121326 2026-09-15T12:56:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137186 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vernonia amygdalina 06.jpg|thumb|Umubirizi]] [[Dosiye:Vernonia amygdalina 04.jpg|thumb|umubirizi]] [[Dosiye:Vernonia amygdalina aka Bitter leaf.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Vernonia amygdalina plant.jpg|thumb|Umubirizi]] '''Umubirizi''' cyangwa '''Umubilizi''' , '''Umugaragara''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Vernonia amygdalina'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Vernonia amygdalina 01.jpg|thumb|222x222px|Umubirizi]] '''[[Igicumucumu (Leonotis)|Igicumucumu]]''' (''Leonotis nepetifolia'') hamwe n’umubirizi (''Vernonia amygdalina'') ni ibiti bifite uruhare rukomeye mu buvuzi bw’indwara y’inzoka zo mu nda ku matungo.Umubirizi ni [[igiti]] usanga kizwi n’abantu benshi kandi gikunze kuboneka ahantu hose hari ibihuru. Gusa abenshi bazi umubirizi nk’umuti w’inzoka zo mu nda, hakaba n’abakunda kuwushyira mu mazi bagiye kuhira amatungo kuko ngo bituma anywa neza kandi ukayagirira akamaro. Iyi nkuru iragaruka ku kandi kamaro k’umubirizi. == Tumenye umuti w'Umubirizi == [[Dosiye:Vernonia fasciculata.jpg|left|thumb|umubirizi]] Umubirizi uzwiho kuba urura, ndetse buri gice cy’umubirizi kirarura (ibibabi, igihimba, imizi), ariko ubwo burure bwawo ngo ni bwo bugirira umubiri akamaro, kuko biwuvura ububabare butandukanye.Umubirizi rero ngo ufite ibyiza byinshi ku buzima bw’umuntu ku buryo byaba byiza, umuntu agiye awukoresha kenshi kugira ngo abone ibyiza byawo uko bikwiriye.Mu byiza by’umubirizi harimo kandi kuba utuma umwijima ukora neza, kandi ngo umwijima ugira akamaro gakomeye mu mibereho myiza y’umuntu. N’umuntu watangiye kugira ibibazo by’umwijima ngo ashobora kunywa amazi y’akazuyazi arimo umubirizi bikamufasha.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/umubirizi-uzwiho-kuvura-inzoka-zo-mu-nda-burya-uvura-n-izindi-ndwara</ref>bavuga ko ibibabi by’umubirizi ubundi witwa ‘Vernonia amygdalina’ mu bijyanye na siyansi, ngo byigiramo ubutare bwinshi bwa ‘fer’ iyo akaba ari yo mpamvu ukunda gutegurwa mu mafunguro atandukanye cyane cyane mu bihugu byo muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba ndetse n’iyo hagati. Hari kandi n’abateka ibibabi by’umubirizi bakabirya nk’imboga.Umubirizi kandi wifitemo ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibinure bibi ‘cholestérol’ mu mubiri. Iyo ibyo binure bibi bibaye byinshi mu mubiri ngo bishobora gutera indwara ya Alzheimer ijyana n’ibibazo by’[[ubwonko]] budakora neza, ndetse n’indwara z’umutima zitandukanye.<ref name=":1">https://habimanaishimwejeanclaude.wordpress.com/2020/06/15/umubirizi-uretse-kuvura-inzoka-burya-ufite-byinshi-wagufasha-harimo-no-mu-myororokere15-06-2020habimana-ishimwe-jean-claude-umubirizi-ugisoma-iri-jambo-uhise-wibuka-igiti-gifite-imizi-amababi-yewe/</ref>Umubirizi kandi ufasha mu kurinda kanseri y’ibere, kuko bimwe mu bifasha kwirinda kanseri y’ibere harimo guhorana ibiro biringaniye no kugira umurimo w’imbaraga (activité physique) umuntu akora. Kandi umubirizi ufasha mu kugabanya ibiro no gutuma bitiyongera ku bafite ibiringaniye, kuko wongera icyitwa ‘metabolisme, kigira uruhare rukomeye mu kugenzura ibiro by’umuntu.Ibibabi by’umubirizi byigiramo ibyitwa ‘antioxydants’ mu gihe bitetswe bikaribwa nk’[[imboga]], bifasha mu kurwanya indwara zitandukanye.Kongera umubirizi mu mafunguro y’umubyeyi wonsa, byamufasha guhembera cyangwa se kugira amashereka menshi. [[Dosiye:Vernonia amygdalina 03.jpg|thumb|igiti cy'umubirizi|226x226px]] == Ibindi wamenya ku Umubirizi == Umubirizi kandi ni umuti ukomeye w’umuriro. Mu gihe umuntu afite umuriro, bashobora guteka ibibabi by’umubirizi bamuha amazi yawo, bikamugabanyiriza umuriro, ububabare, bigafasha umubiri we gukora neza.Ibibabi by’umubirizi kandi bifasha mu kuvura indwara z’uruhu zitandukanye. Akandi kamaro k’umubirizi gakomeye, ni uko wifitemo ubushobozi bwo gusukura no mu mubiri imbere ndetse ukanafasha mu kuvura abantu bagira ibibazo byo kuzana umwoyo (les hémorroïdes).Umubirizi kandi ukungahaye cyane ku byitwa ‘fibres’ bituma igogora ry’ibyo umuntu yariye rigenda neza. Umubirizi kandi ufasha abantu bakunda kugira ibibazo bitandukanye mu gifu, n’abakunda kwituma impatwe.<ref name=":1" />Ku rubuga <nowiki>https://guardian.ng</nowiki>, bavuga ko umubirizi wifitemo ubushobozi bwo kurinda impyiko kwangirika no gutuma zikora neza, ndetse ugafasha n’urwungano rw’inkari kugira ubuzima bwiza.Ku rubuga <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc</nowiki> bavuga ko umubirizi wongera amahirwe y’uburumbuke ku bagabo, kuko ufasha intanga-ngabo gukomera no kugira ubuzima bwiza,<ref name=":0" />Umubirizi kandi ufasha mu kugenzura urugero rw’isukari. Ku bantu barwara Diyabete, kurya umubirizi byabafasha mu kuringaniza urugero rw’isukari mu maraso. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Dosiye:Vernonia_amygdalina_04.jpg|thumb|Umubirizi]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umuti]] 1m01w0nvuw67eqk99pucgv10qpb0hkg Urutoryi 0 5923 137192 121219 2026-09-15T13:12:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137192 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Solanum melongena ja02.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Urutoryi</span>]] [[Dosiye:Solanum_melongena_26_08_2012_(1).JPG|thumb|Inoryi |344x344px]] [[Dosiye:Fresh cucumbers and garden eggs.jpg|thumb|intoryi|257x257px]] [[Dosiye:Eggplant Solanum melongena (16425248112).jpg|thumb|Intoryi]] [[Dosiye:5237Solanum melongena fields in Taal, Pulilan, Bulacan 34.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'intoryi]] [[Dosiye:Solanum melongena 03458.JPG|thumb]] [[Dosiye:White and green garden eggs for sales.jpg|thumb|Inoryi ziri gucuruzwa]] [[Dosiye:Garden eggs.jpg|thumb|inoryi ziri kwisahane]] '''Urutoryi''' (ubwinshi: '''Intoryi''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Solanum melongena'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. == Umumaro w'Urutoryi == Intoryi ni zimwe mu mboga zitabyibushya kuko zigiramo ibyitwa “calories” bikeya, ahubwo zikagira “fibres” ari zo zituma uziriye yumva yijuse kandi vuba. Intoryi kandi zigiramo ibyitwa “saponine”, bibuza ibinure kwinjira mu mubiri, bigatuma ugumana ibiro byawe bisanzwe.Intoryi zigiramo vitamine C na E, selenium cyangwa se “caroténoïdes”, ibyo bigatuma intoryi zigira uruhare mu kurwanya za kanseri zimwe na zimwe ndetse n’indwara z’umutima.Kuko intoryi zifitemo “antioxydants”nyinshi, ni [[imboga]] nziza zafasha umuntu kwirinda ibibazo by’ubuzima bijyana n’izabukuru.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/intoryi-zagufasha-gusukura-umubiri-no-kwirinda-indwara-nyinshi</ref>Intoryi kimwe n’ibibiringanya, dore ko biri mu rwego rumwe mu kamaro ni kimwe mu byo kurya twita imboga kititabwaho cyane nyamara gifite intungamubiri nyinshi.Intoryi zifitiye umubiri w’umuntu akamaro kanini karimo kuba zifasha mu igogora ry’ibiryo, zikagabanya ibinure mu mubiri w’umuntu, zikarinda umuvuduko w’amaraso, zifitemo kandi fibre ari two dutsi mu kinyarwanda, calcium cyangwa imyunyungugu, ubutare ndetse na vitamine B1,3,6 n'9.<ref name=":1">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/77236/ubuzima-intoryi-ni-ingirakamaro-ku-mubiri-w-umuntu-77236.html</ref>Nkuko tubikesha urubuga Amelioretasante, impuguke mu bijyanye n’ubuzima kandi zivuga ko intoryi ari nziza ku barwayi ba diabete ngo kuko zitifitemo isukari, bityo bakaba bashobora kuzirya nta mpungenge.Zishobora no kwifashishwa mu kugabanya umubyibuho ukabije no kubyimbagana mu gihe wahuye n’ikibazo runaka kuko ngo ziri mu bikamura amazi mu mubiri w’umuntu, noneho wa mubyibuho na wo ukagenda ugabanuka. == Ibindi wamenya ku Urutoryi == Intoryi zikungahaye ku [[butare]] nka “potassium”, ibyo bigatuma intoryi ari uruboga rwiza rufasha mu gusukura umubiri, rugafasha impyiko gukora neza. Intoryi ni imboga nziza ku bantu bagira ikibazo cy’amazi yibika mu mubiri, bagakunda kumva amaguru yabo aremereye, cyangwa se kumva mu nda harimo umwuka, umuntu akumva ataguwe neza mu nda “ballonnements”.Ikindi kandi abahanga batandukanye mu by’ubuzima, bemeza ko ibyitwa “fibres”, yaba ituruka ku binyampeke, ndetse n’izituruka ku mboga n’imbuto zikumira indwara ya kanseri.<ref name=":0" />Intoryi kandi zirwanya indwara z’umutima, iyo ziriwe zitagiyemo umunyu mwinshi, zifasha kugabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso, ndetse n’uruhu rwazo, rwigiramo ibyitwa “anthocyanines” birinda umuntu ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima.Zifite ibyitwa “''bioflavonoids''” bizwiho kuringaniza umuvuduko w’amaraso no kurwanya stress,Mu gishishwa habonekamo “''nasunin''” ikaba izwiho kurinda uturemangingo tw’[[ubwonko]] kwangirika. Kuzihata ugiye kuziteka rero ntibyemewe. Icyakora ushobora kuzitonora zimaze gushya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/intoryi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228135516/https://umutihealth.com/intoryi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Intoryi zifite uturemangingo (Fibers) dufasha udukoko tuba mu mara manini tuzwi ku izina rya “bateria” tukaba twakongera imikorere yatwo mu gufasha icagagurika ry’ibyo tuba twariye bityo bikavanwamo intungamubiri zose uko zakabaye zigakoreshwa n’umubiri wacu. == Uburyo ziribwa sibyiza kuzirya burigihe == [[Dosiye:Garden Egg(Fresh).jpg|thumb|intoryi]] Abahanga mu by’ubuzima bakomeza bavuga ko atari byiza kurya intoryi zihase kuko ngo burya mu gishishwa cyazo harimo intungamubiri yitwa nasunin ikaba irinda uturemangingo tw’ubwonko kwangirika bya hato na hato.Si byiza kandi kurya intoryi ukarenza urugero ngo kuko umuntu uzirya cyane iyo akomeretse, amaraso ava umwanya munini, aba bahanga bagasaba umugore utwite cyangwa umuntu ugiye kubagwa kwirinda kuzirya kugira ngo ataza guhura n’ikibazo cyo kuvirirana bikabije.<ref name=":1" />Si byiza na nanone kurya intoryi mu gihe ufite umwana wonka kuko zishobora kugoba cyangwa zigakamura amashereka bityo umwana akabura icyo yonka biturutse ku ntoryi wariye. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 9a04dekjtgcxk13yr1fqfa8rygce9x6 Urusenda 0 5931 137193 120695 2026-09-15T13:12:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137193 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tabasco peppers.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Insenda</span>]] [[Dosiye:Solanaceae_Capsicum_frutescens_1.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Insenda</span>|334x334px]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens Capsicum annuum Pj DSC 1076.jpg|thumb|Urusenda|241x241px]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum-Red Chilli Pepper 04.jpg|thumb|[[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens, Burdwan, West Bengal, India 03 05 2013.jpg|thumb]]Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens Tabasco 1zz.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Birdchili.jpg|thumb|Birdchili]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens Tabasco 2zz.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Hidalgo' 005.JPG|thumb|Capsicum frutescens ]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Hidalgo' 003.JPG|thumb|Capsicum frutescens ]] '''Urusenda''' (ubuke: '''Insenda''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Capsicum frutescens'') ni [[ikimera]].Urusenda ni [[urubuto]] rutukura, rukundwa n’abantu batandukanye, hari n’abadashobora gufata ifunguro ryabo batarubonye. Abenshi bavuga ko rubongerera ubushake bwo kurya nubwo baba batabishakaga cyane, abandi bakavuga ko rutuma bumva ibyo kurya bibaryoheye kurushaho iyo babishyizemo urusenda. [[File:Tabasco peppers.JPG|thumb|Tabasco peppers]] [[File:Capsicum frutescens.jpg|thumb|Capsicum frutescens]] [[File:A Fat Red Cayenne Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Fat Red Cayenne Pepper]] == Tumenye Urusenda == Urusenda nubwo ruryana cyane, ariko ni rumwe mu birungo bikundwa na benshi kandi byamamaye kuva cyera, ruzwiho gukiza indwara zitandukanye kimwe no kugirira akamaro ubuzima bwacu.Kuryana cg gukara k’urusenda bituruka ku binyabutabire byo mu bwoko bwa alkaloid birugize, aribyo: ''capsaicin'', ''capsanthin'' na ''capsorubin''.''Ntihigeze kubaho uburyo bworoshye bwo gutegura amafunguro aryoshye kurenza gukoresha urusenda, iki kiribwa gikoreshwa mu mafunguro atandukanye kandi rugira intungamubiri z’ingenzi dukenera mu mibereho ya buri munsi.''Urusenda rukoreshwa mu gikoni nk’ikirungo cyo kongera uburyohe ariko si ibyo gusa, ahubwo inzobere mu mirire bavuga ko rufite intungamubiri nyinshi ndetse rurinda uburwayi butandukanye.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/menya-akamaro-k-urusenda-mu-mubiri-harimo-no-kuba-rugabanya-umubyibuho-ukabije</ref>bahanga iyo barebye uburyo urusenda ruremye barubarira mu mbuto aho kuba urubogaNk’uko tubikesha urubuga femmeactuelle.fr, hari abarya urusenda kuko bazi ibyiza byarwo, byo kuba rutuma abarurya barama, bakabaho igihe kirekire, ariko rufite n’ibindi byiza.Kurya urusenda bifite akamaro ku mubiri wa muntu ,burya urusenda si ikirungo gusa ahubwo runakungahaye ku ntungamubiri nkenerwa ku mubiri wa muntu zirimo n'amavitamini .Urusenda rugira akantu gakerera cyangwa gasharirira umuntu ururya ,rwajya no mu maso hakakuryaryata n'amarira akisuka , urusenda rushibora gukorwamo agafu ,kaminjirwa mu biryo  ,ushobora kurwotsa cyangwa rugategurwa nkuko urusenda rw'akabanga rumeze.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/gatsibo-abahinze-urusenda-bararira-ayo-kwarika</ref> == Akamaro k’urusenda ku buzima == Urusenda rugira ubwonko butandukanye bwa vitamine E . Iyo vitamine E ikaba igira uruhare mu gukumira indwara zinyuranye nka kanseri zimwe na zimwe, indwara zifata ku bwonko n’indwara.Urusenda rugira vitamine C, iyo vitamine C ikaba ifasha ubuzima bw’amagufa, amenyo, ishinya.Ikindi kandi iyo Vitamine C ituma mu gihe umuntu akomeretse akira vuba.Urusenda rugira vitamine B6. Iyo vitamine ifasha mu ikorwa ry’amaraso, ituma umwuka mwiza “oxygène” utembera mu mubiri, ndetse yongerera umubiri ubudahangarwa .Urusenda rugura ubutare butandukanye nka “fer”, “manganese” na “cuivre”. Ubwo [[butare]] bugira uruhare rukomeye mu ikorwa ry’amaraso, kurinda imitsi itembereza maraso kwangirika.<ref name=":0" />Urusenda rurinda uturemangingo tw’umubiri (cellules) kwingirika, bityo bikawurinda indwara zitandukanye zirimo iz’umutima, na za kanseri zitandukanye.urusenda rukungahaye kuri beta karotene na antioxydants zunganira umubiri kandi zifasha mu kurwanya ibicurane na grippe.Urusenda rurimo potasiyumu; avuga ko uyu ari umunyu ngugu w’ingenzi ukora imirimo itandukanye, harimo no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara umutima.Potasiyumu kandi ifasha mu kuringaniza amatembabuzi mu mubiri no gukweduka kw’imikaya (muscles).Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye kandi ko urusenda rushobora kugabanya umuvuduko wamaraso bigatuma wumva udashonje.Mu rusenda habamo Capsaicin ishobora no guhindura intungamubiri mu mubiri kugira ngo irwanye ibinure.Capsaicin rero ni bumwe mu buryo bwuzuye bwo kugabanya ibiro bityo umuntu agaca ukubiri n’indwara ziturutse ku mubyibuho ukabije.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/urusenda-rwinshi-cyane-rushobora-kugutera-kanseri-yo-mu-kanwa-menya-ibyiza-n-ibibi-byarwo</ref>Ni isoko nziza ya vitamin A n’izindi flavonoids nka beta-carotene, alpha carotene, lutein, zea-xanthin na cryptoxanthin, ibi byose biri mu rusenda bifasha umubiri kuwurinda uburozi butandukanye n’ibindi byose bishobora kuwangiza mu gihe urwaye indwara zikomeye cg stress,Urusenda ni isoko nziza ya vitamin B zitandukanye harimo: B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin) na B6 (pyridoxine). Zifasha mu mikorere y’umubiri itandukanye; nko kurinda imikorere mibi y’imitsi, mu gutunganya poroteyine no gukorwa kw’imisemburo.Urusenda rwifitiye imyunyungugu myinshi nka: potasiyumu, ubutare na manyesiyumu. Potasiyumu ni ingenzi cyane ku mikorere y’uturemangingo n’amatembabuzi afasha mu miterere y’umutima n’umuvuduko w’amaraso. Ubutare nabwo bufasha mu ikorwa ry’amaraso.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-10 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ku rubuga healthline.com, bo bavuga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutegura urusenda, harimo kuruteka, kurwumisha bakarusya nyuma bakarurya ari ifu.Kuri urwo rubuga basobanura akamaro ka Vitamine zitandukanye ziba mu rusenda nka Vitamin C, Vitamin B6 na Vitamin K1. Iyo Vitamine K1 igira uruhare rukomeye K1 mu kurwanya ukwipfundika kw’amaraso, mu buzima bwiza bw’amagufa no mu mikorere myiza y’impyiko.Muri macye kurya urusenda ni ingenzi mu buzima bw’umuntu kuko rwuzuyemo intungamubiri zitandukanye kandi rukagira umumaro wo kurinda indwara zimwe na zimwe, kubw’ibyo urusenda ntirukwiye kubura mu ifunguro ryawe cyeretse ubaye ufite ubundi burwayi butakwemerera kururya. [[File:Capsicum frutescens Tabasco 1zz.jpg|thumb|Capsicum frutescens Tabasco 1zz]] == Ingaruka cyangwa icyitonderwa kurya Urusenda == [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Hidalgo' 004.JPG|thumb|340x340px|insenda nyinshi]] Urusenda rubamo ''capsaicin'', ituma rukara cyane kandi rukaryana, iyo waruriye ku bwinshi wumva mu kanwa, ku rurimi cg mu muhogo hokerwa cyane.Capsaicin iyo ihuye n’ururenda rwo mu kanwa, mu muhogo cg mu gifu ushobora kumva umeze nk’uri gushya, ibi ushobora kubivura unywa amata akonje cg se yogurt (yawurute); afasha mu kugabanya bwa buribwe binyuze mu kugabanya igipimo cya capsaicin muri rwa rurenda, ashobora no kurinda ko bihura.Ku bantu bafite ikibazo cy’uburwayi mu gifu, cyane cyane ikirungurira si byiza kurya urusenda kuko rwongera uburwayi.Mu gihe wakoze ku rusenda ugomba kwirinda gukora mu maso, mu gihe byakubayeho gufata amazi akonje ukazajya woza mu maso bigabanya ubwo buryaryate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/11/akamaro-10-ko-kurya-urusenda-ku-mubiri.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-10 |archive-date=2023-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310080817/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/11/akamaro-10-ko-kurya-urusenda-ku-mubiri.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Urusenda rushobora gutuma umuntu ababara mu gifu bigakurikirwa n’impiswi, bikaba byanatera abantu bamwe ibibazo mu mara.Urusenda ruvugwaho ibibi n’ibyiza ku bijyanye n’indwara ya kanseri, kuko hari ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] bugaragaza ko umuntu ukunda kurya urusenda rushobora kumuteza ibyago byo kurwara kanseri yo mu kanwa cyangwa se iyo mu muhogo.Icyiza ni uko umuntu yarya urusenda mu rugero ruringaniye,kandi akabanza kumenya niba umubiri we urwihanganira, kuko nk’uko twabisobanuye hari abo rugiraho ingaruka mbi. Ariko hari n’abarukoresha rukabazanira ubuzima bwiza.Abarurya bakagira ibibazo bitandukanye harimo n’ibijyanye n’igogora, bagirwa inama yo kurureka.<ref name=":1" />Ku bantu bamwe kurya urusenda bishobora kubatera ibibazo byo kubabara mu gifu cyangwa bakagira iseseme ,byose bigaterwa nuko umubiri w'umuntu warwakiriye cyangwa nanone bishobora guterwa n'uburwayi bw'igifu ku bantu cyazahaje. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umuti]] 2x5p8rq0zwu6f91ijgm3fgii4hi7awy Ikaroti 0 6028 137194 136225 2026-09-15T13:12:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CarrotRoots.jpg|thumb|325x325px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikaroti</span>]] [[Dosiye:Carrots_at_a_farmers_market_in_the_Villages_Florida.png|thumb|Karoti ivuye mu murima|240x240px]] [[File:Carrots - Daucus carota subsp. sativus.jpg|thumb|Carrots - Daucus carota subsp. sativus|237x237px]] [[Dosiye:CarrotDiversityLg.jpg|thumb|ubwoko butandukanye bwama karoti|226x226px]] [[Dosiye:Carottes et poireaux de la ferme Grandjard au marché de la place Albert Thomas.jpg|thumb|Carottes ]] [[Dosiye:Carrots with stems.jpg|thumb|Carrots ]] [[Dosiye:Carrot vendor 2.jpg|thumb|Gucuruza karoti]] [[Dosiye:Special Carrots.jpg|thumb|Special Carrots]] [[Dosiye:EntwinedCarrots.jpg|thumb|Special Carrots]] [[Dosiye:Bunches of carrots.jpg|thumb|Bunches of carrots]] [[Dosiye:Colourful carrots 20211122 ubt.jpg|thumb|Colourful carrots ]] [[Dosiye:Sealed Carrots.jpg|thumb|Sealed Carrots]] [[Dosiye:Hong Kong local produce 1.jpg|thumb|karoti]] [[Dosiye:Carrots - Carota - Wortels - Geze - 胡萝卜- zanahoria - carotte - ニンジン - Flickr - color line.jpg|thumb|Karoti]] [[Dosiye:Münster, Domplatz, Wochenmarkt -- 2019 -- 2663.jpg|thumb|karoti]] [[Dosiye:Carrot Picture.jpg|thumb|Carrot Picture]] [[Dosiye:Carrots of many colors.jpg|thumb|Carrot Picture]] [[Dosiye:Carrot view.jpg|thumb|Carrot view]] [[Dosiye:CarrotRoots.jpg|thumb|karoti]] [[Dosiye:Des carottes.jpg|thumb|Karoti]] [[Dosiye:Wortel.jpg|thumb|karoti]] === Iriburiro === [[Dosiye:Vegetable-Carrot-Bundle-wStalks.jpg|thumb]] Karoti ni ubwoko bw’[[imboga]] bukungahaye kuri vitmini A, B, C na E zifitiye akamaro kanini umubiri w’umuntu mu kuwurinda ubuhumyi n’izindi ndwara, gutuma uruhu rusa neza n’ibindi. Karoti zihingwa ahantu hose, mu butaka  buseseka, buhitisha [[amazi]] kandi bufumbiye.ubwoko bwa karoti zitwa Nantes, Kuva mu myaka ibihumbi ishize, muri [[Afuganisitani]] batangiye guhinga karoti. Karoti ni igihingwa gifite ibara risa na oranje, riri hagati y'umutuku n'umuhondo. Ifasha muri byinshi, haba mu kurinda no kuvura.Gusa kuri ubu ntaho idahingwa nawe wayihingira mu karima k'igikoni.<ref name=":0">https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/impamvu-ukwiriye-kwihatira-kurya-karoti-niba-utajyaga-uzirya</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ka-karoti-ku-buzima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143646/https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ka-karoti-ku-buzima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/karoti-ingirakamaro-ku-buzima-bwiza-bw-amaso-amenyo-umutima-n-amagufa</ref> === Ibigize Karoti === • Karoti ikungahaye kuri vitamin A. Ifite kandi na vitamin C. • Karoti irimo poroteyine nyinshi • Karoti ibamo ibyitwa beta-carotene • Karoti ibamo isukari. • Karoti ibamo vitamin K na E [[Dosiye:Daucus carota subsp. sativus,Karotten.JPG|thumb|umurima wa karoti]] • Karoti ikungahaye ku myunyu ngugu nka karisiyumu, ubutare (fer/iron), potasiyumu, manyeziyumu, manganeze, fosifore na zenki (zinc).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> === Akamaro ka karoti === Kuba karoti ikungahaye ku byo tuvuze haruguru, bituma igira umumaro ukurikira: Ifasha mu kubona cyane cyane butangiye kugoroba Ifasha mu gukura, bitewe na vitamin A irimo Ifasha mu kurwanya kanseri y amaraso no mu gutuma amaraso akama vuba mu gihe ukomeretse Ifasha mu kurwanya kanseri zitandukanye nka kanseri ya prostate ifata abagabo, na kanseri y ibihaha Ifasha mu gusohora imyanda mu mubiri Ituma ugira uruhu rwiza, ikanatuma rutagaragaza gusaza!!! Karisiyumu irimo ituma amagufa akomera Irinda indwara z umutima Ifitiye akamaro amenyo n ishinya [[Dosiye:ABAKOZI.jpg|thumb|Karoti]] Ifasha abarwaye diyabete<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> === Uko ikoreshwa === [[Dosiye:Starr-131216-2781-Daucus carota subsp sativus-leaves-Hawea Pl Olinda-Maui (24601684013).jpg|thumb|karote]] Karoti ikoreshwa mu buryo bunyuranye. Iribwa bayihekenya, iyo ubikoze umaze kurya birinda amenyo n ishinya Ushobora kuyikuramo umutobe wayo ukawunywa. Bigurira akamaro inyama zo mu nda nk amara n igifu. Kuyikoramo salade (kuyirapa, cg kuyicamo uduce duto) Iyo uyiseye ugashyira ku gisebe bikirinda mikorobi.Iyo ushaka kuyirya itetse si byiza kuyikaranga, ahubwo uyishyira ku byo kurya birangiye gutogota kugirango utica intungamubiri zirimo.Karoti imwe nini ku munsi, buri munsi, yagufasha mu kugabanya inshuro ujya kwa muganga.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> === Gutegura umurima wa karoti === Mu murima urambuye, hinga utageza hasi isuka mbere yo gutera karoti cyangwa se uzitere mu  mu mitabo yigiye hejuru ifite m1 kugeza kuri m 1.2 mu bugari kugira ngo woroshye uburyo bwo kubagara, gusukira no kugabanya indwara zituruka mu butaka. Imitabo kandi ifasha imizi ya karoti gucengera neza mu butaka  kandi igatuma ubutaka bugumana amazi.<ref name=":3">https://www.teradignews.rw/menya-akamaro-gakomeye-ko-kurya-karoti-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3988 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143653/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3988 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Gukoresha amafumbire ==== Karoti zikenera intungagihingwa cyane cyane by’umwihariko Potasiyumu (Kg100/ha), na Azote ku rugero ruringaniye (kg50/ha) na Fosifori  (kg 50 /ha). Karoti ntizikunda umunyu mwinshi wa Kalisiyumu, kandi zibasirwa n’indwara iyo ubusharire bw’ubutaka buri hejuru ya 5.5. Ni ngombwa gukoresha ihwagara igihe ubusharire bw’ubutaka buri hasi ya 5.5. Ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza igirira Karoti akamaro iyo ikoreshejwe ku buryo buringaniye  (Toni 20-25/ha). Gufumbiza ifumbire itarabora cyangwa ibisigazwa bibisi by’imyaka bishobora gutuma karoti zigira [[ibijumba]]  bifite isura mbi utabasha gusukura ku buryo bworoshye cyangwa kugurisha ku isoko.<ref name=":5">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143647/https://agakiza.org/Ese-kurya-karoti-bimaze-iki.html</ref><ref name=":6">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thleQ9TPfVY</ref> ==== Gutera Karoti ==== Hakenerwa umurama wa Karoti ungana na garama 600 kuri Hegitari 1. Intera isigara hagati y’imirongo ni cm 20 na cm5-8 hagati ya karoti n’indi, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’imbuto cyangwa bw’ubutaka. Umurama uterwa uvangwa n’umucanga mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 0.5-1. Mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 20, mu butaka bwatunganyijwe neza, bwahinzwe bageza isuka muri cm 30 z’ubujyakuzimu. Hakurikiraho korosa agataka gake ku murama wanyanyagijwe mu mirongo no gutwikiriza ibyatsi byumye ahamaze guterwa no kuvomerera kugira ngo karoti zimere.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/10/ibanga-ryo-kurya-karoti-ibyiza-nibyago.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143654/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/10/ibanga-ryo-kurya-karoti-ibyiza-nibyago.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-karoti.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143646/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-karoti.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Gufata neza umurima wa karoti ==== Karoti zimera nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu zitewe. Iyo zameze bakuraho ibyatsi byari bitwikiriye umurima.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-karoti.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143646/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-karoti.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Gusasira ==== Uburyo bwiza bwo kugumana ubuhehere mu butaka no kurinda karoti kuma ni ubwo gukoresha isaso. Unyanyagiza isaso ifite umubyimba wa cm 5 kugeza kuri cm 10 hagati y’imirongo ya karoti kugira ngo ifashe ubutaka gukomeza guhehera. Ntugashyire isaso hejuru ya karoti ahubwo uyishyira hagati yazo. Isaso ntifasha karoti gukurira mu butaka buhehereye gusa, ahubwo irumbura n’ubutaka kuko itanga intungagihingwa zikenewe. Na none isaso ituma ibyatsi bibi bitamera mu murima wa karoti.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/110026/impamvu-ukwiriye-kwihatira-kurya-karoti-niba-utajyaga-uzirya-110026.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143645/https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/110026/impamvu-ukwiriye-kwihatira-kurya-karoti-niba-utajyaga-uzirya-110026.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kwicira ==== [[Dosiye:This is a carrot.jpg|thumb|420x420px|karoti zifunz mwishashi]] Karoti ziricirwa hagasigara intera ya cm 3-5 ku murongo kugira ngo zikure neza. Kwicira karoti ni ni ukurandura udutoturimo kugira ngo haboneke umwanya izasigaye zikuriramo. Ibyiza ni ukwicira karori inshuro 2. Ubwa mbere wicira karoti zimaze kugera kuri cm 10 z’uburebure, ukaranduramo uduto tudakura neza cyangwa izameze hejuru y’izindi . Iyo wicira karoti usiga akanya gato hagati ya karoti n’indi. Wicira karoti ku nshuro ya kabiri hashize kwezi wiciye bwa mbere, ugakuramo izidakura neza kandi ugasiga akanya kari hagati ya cm 3 na cm5 hagati ya karoti.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ==== Gusukira ==== Ingemwe za Karoti zishobora gusukirwa igihe ibijumba bitangiye kubyibuha kugira ngo bigumane ubuhehere kandi ntibigire imitwe y’icyatsi kubisi. Gerageza gusukirakaroti ushyira itaka mu mpandez’imitwe y’ibijumba byazo. Karoti zikura zizamuka zigasa n’izivana mu butaka, imitwe y’ibijumba byazo igahinduka icyatsi kibisi. Kuzisukira bituma imitwe y’ibijumba byazo igumana ibara rya oranje.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==== Kuvomerera ==== Nyuma y’icyumweru uteye karoti,ugomba gutangira kuzivomerera.Kugira ngo zikure neza, karoti zisaba amazi agera byibura kuri cm2 z’ubujyakuzimu. Mu gihe nta mvura igwa mu karere umurima uherereyemo, ni byiza kuvomerera. Ushoboragukoresha igitembo kimisha amazi cyangwa se uburyo bwo kuhira imyaka ariko bushobora guhenda.Mbere yo kuvomerera Karoti, ubanza guca agaferege ka cm 10 hagati y’imirongo ya karoti, wabona ubutaka bwumagaye ukabona kuvomerera, bwaba buhehereye ukaba ubyihoreye.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" /> ==== Kubagara ==== Karoti zikiri ntoyaziba zitarakomera kandi zikura gahoro gahoro, ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa kurwanya ibyatsi bibi bimeramo mu byumweru bike bikurikira kumera. Ubagara uharura ibyati mu murima ukoresheje agasuka.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> ==== Indwara n'ibyonnyi kuri karoti ==== ==== Kirabiranya (''Alternaria dauci'') ==== Iyi ndwara iterwa n'uduhumyo twitwa . Amabara y'ikigina kijimye cyangwa ikijuju aza ku mababi. Ahakikije ayo mabara hahinduka umuhondo, maze amababi yafashwe akuma. Amababi ashaje ni yo abanza gufatwa, kandi aho indwara yakabije ni ho amababi akiri mato afatwa. Ibibara binini bishobota kuza ku nkondo y'amababi ariko ntibize ku mababi Mu bihe by'ubushyuhe burimo ubuhehere, gupfa kw'amababi yafashwe birihuta cyane ku buryo ubona karoti yarabiranye rwose. Uduhumyo dutera iyi ndwara dufata imbuto, kandi dushobora kuguma mu butaka igihe kirekire twibera mu bisigazwa by'ibihingwa.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Gukoresha imbuto za kijyambere zidapfa gufatwa n'iyi ndwara niba zihari. * Gukoresha imbuto zahawe icyemezo zitarwaye. Igihe umuhinzi akoresheje imbuto yibikiye, agomba kubanza kuzisukura n'amazi ashyushyes. * Gusimburanya ibihingwa no kugirira isuku umurima. * Kongera urumuri mu murima wicira karoti no guhinga ku mitaboKudakoresha . * Kudakoresha cyangwa gukoresha ifumbire nkeya irimo azote. * Kugenzura umurima kenshi kugira ngo uramutse ubonye ibimenyetso ugire icy ukora hakiri kare. * [[Dosiye:Bunches of carrots.jpg|thumb|418x418px|imifungo ya caroti]]Gukoresha umuti urimo umuringa bishobora kugabanya ubwandu. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==== Urubobi ==== Iyi ndwara iterwa n'agahumyo kitwa "Erysiphe polygoni (''E. heraclei'')". Irangwa n'urubobi rwera rugaragara ku mababi. Amababi yafashwe araraba akuma. Iyi ndwara ifata imbuto.  <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==== Kuyirinda no kuyirwanya: ==== * Gukoresha imbuto zahawe icyemezo zitarwaye. Iyo umuhinzi akoresha imbuto yibikiye, agomba kubanza kuzogesha amazi ashyushye. * Kugirira isuku umurima. * Gutera umuti urimo sirifire ( sulphur based products) aho byemewe.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Indwara zifata karoti mu buhunikiro ==== Indwra z’ingenzi zifata karoti zamaze gusarurwa ni ububore buterwa ahaini n’agahumyo bita Sclerotinia  ( soma Sikelerotiniya). Ako gahumyo kanduza karoti zikiri mu murima kanyuze ku rugori rw’ikijumba. Mu gihe karoti zasaruwe zihunitse/ zibitse, ako gahumyo gatuma zizana uruhumbu rw’umweru rukazitwikira. Karoti zafashwe n’ubwo bubore zirorohera kandi zikigiramo amazi. Ushobora kugabanya kwandirika guterwa n’uduhumyo twa Sikelerotiniya ukoresheje ibi bikurikira: (1) Gukoresha umuti wemewe wica uduhumyo mbere yo gusarura ( urugero: Bravo 500) (2) Guhita uvana ku zuba karoti umaze gusarura (3) Kongera umwanya usigara hagati ya karoti n’indi mu murima  kugira ngo wongera ubuhumekero hagati yazo kuko kuba amababi yazo yamara igihe atose bitera ububore (4) Gusimburanya ibihingwa (5) Gukoresha umuti wemewe urwanya za mikorobi igihe umaze gusarura ( urugero: Dowicide (O- phenylphenol) ku rugero rwa gr 98muri litiro y’amazi<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> === Gusarura karoti === Karoti ziba zeze neza nyuma y’amezi abiri kugeza kuri atatu zitewe. Ikigaragaza ko karoti zeze neza ni uko amababi yazo atangira kuba umuhodo, akagenda yuma ahereye kuyo hejuru. Ikindi kandi ubutaka buriyasa ku buryo bugaragara. Karoti zisarurwa bazirandura hakoreshejwe intoki  cyangwa se hagakoreshwa igitiyo cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyoroshya ubutaka kugira ngo basarure Karoti.  Karoti zeze neza ziba zifite ibara rya oranje kuva hasi kugera hejuru n’imbere hose. Umusaruro wa karoti uri hagati ya Toni 20-30/ha. Karoti zigisarurwa zigomba gutoranywa kugira ngo hakurwemo izifite ubusembwa: uduto cyane, izakomeretse, izirwaye, izahindutse icyatsi kibisi, izisatuye n’izishwe n’izuba. Kwigengesera mu gihe urobanura Karoti bizirinda kuraba, guhindura ibara no kuvunagurika.<ref name=":1" /> === Kwita kumusaruro === Gusarura karoti igihe hafutse bizongerera igihe zimara zitangiritse kandi zikagumana ubwiza zasaruranywe. Ubutaka bufutse bwongera ubwiza bwa  karoti zihunitse kuko (1) butuma ibijumba byazo bikonja mbere yo gusarurwa kandi (2) bugatuma mikorobi n’izindi ndiririzi zitera indwara zitiyongera. Bitewe n’ibikenewe ku isoko, Karoti zishobora kugurishwa zaciwe imitwe yazo cyangwa zikiyifite. Karoti zaciwe imitwe zihumeka vuba maze ubwiza bwazo bukangirika vuba kurusha izagumanye imitwe yazo. Karoti zicuruzwa zifite imitwe yazo igomba kugabanywa hagasigara imitwe ireshya na cm2.5. Igihe karoti zihunitse, ni ngombwa kuzitandukanya n’ibihingwa bigira umwuka wa Etilene nka Pome, insenda cyangwa Melo. Gutwara karoti bisaba ubwitonzi- irinde kuzunguza no gucuguza ibitebo birimo karoti kugira ngo zidakomereka cyangwa zikavunagurika.  Mu gihe hashyushye kandi ugomba kujyana karoti ku isoko, zitwikire ukoreheje ihema cyangwa shitingi.  Kirazira kurekera ku zuba karoti wasaruye. Kuzishyira mu gicucu bizigabanyiriza gutakaza amazi. Karoti ziri ku zuba zitakaza ubwiza bwazo vuba kandi zigatakaza amazi ku buryo bwihuse.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] cik3g310s8ct8p1smkfgujdikvuijyr Ishu 0 6030 137230 135942 2026-09-15T13:55:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137230 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cabbage.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ishu</span>]] [[Dosiye:Brassica oleracea var. capitata (4170722993).jpg|left|thumb]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Umurima w'amashu.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'amashu|236x236px]] Amashu ni ibyo kurya bagiye babeshyera ngo nta ntungamubiri bigira nyamara kandi ubu ni kimwe mu bifitiye akamaro kanini umubiri wacu. Amashu aboneka mu mabara anyuranye harimo icyatsi, umutuku n’andi, gusa imimaro yayo ni imwe. Muri 75g z’ishu (ubwo ni nk’ishu ryuzuye agakombe gato) dusangamo:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/amashu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226144819/https://umutihealth.com/amashu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://agakiza.org/Sobanukirwa-akamaro-k-amashu-y-umutuku-mu-mubiri.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226144819/https://agakiza.org/Sobanukirwa-akamaro-k-amashu-y-umutuku-mu-mubiri.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/akamaro-gakomeye-k-amashu-ku-mubiri-wawe</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ni-byiza-kurya-amashu-mabisi-kurusha.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226144820/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ni-byiza-kurya-amashu-mabisi-kurusha.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Radicchio_Chioggia_Torino.jpg</ref> * 17 Calories * 1g ya poroteyine * 2g isukari * 1g fibre * 47% za [[vitamini C]] ukenera ku munsi * 102% za vitamini K ukenera ku munsi * 8% za Manganese * [[Dosiye:Brassica oleracea var. capitata zum Verkauf 2011.JPG|thumb|amashu|225x225px]]6% za vitamini B9 * Harimo kandi vitamini B1 na B6 * Calcium na Potassium.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=186 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2025-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220090216/https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=186 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Akamaro k’amashu ku buzima == * Amashu abamo ikinyabutabire cyitwa DIM (diindolylmethane) kiyaha ubushobozi bwo kuturinda ingaruka ziterwa n’imirasire mibi y’izuba (UV na IR) kimwe n’iva mu cyuma cya radiographie (X rays). Iki ikinyabutabire iyo gifatanyije n’ikindi cyitwa sulforaphane bifasha mu kurwanya cancer. * Habamo ''anthocyanins'' zifasha mu kubyimbura bityo bikaba birinda indwara z’umutima zinyuranye * [[Dosiye:Starr-120403-4136-Brassica oleracea var capitata-crop-Kula-Maui (25112158566).jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'amashu mu Rwanda]]Kuba harimo vitamini C byongerera ingufu ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri * Kuba harimo fibre bituma afasha mu igogorwa ry’ibiryo akarinda kwituma impatwe * Kubura vitamini C bitera kubyimba ishinya no kuva amaraso mu menyo, izi mboga ni umuti wabyo * [[Dosiye:Brassica oleracea var capitata Rubyball.jpg|thumb|ubundi bwoko bw'amashu]]Harimo sulfur ikaba igira uruhare mu kwihutisha gukira kw’ibisebe no kurinda kurwara ibisebe. Ibisebe byaba ibyo ku ruhu cyangwa mu gifu, ishu ni umuti * Rifasha mu buzima bw’amaso kuko harimo beta-carotene * Kuba ririmo calories nkeya bituma rifasha abifuza kunanuka * Iriya vitamini K ni ingenzi mu gutuma amaraso akama iyo wakomeretse * Imyunyu ngugu ibamo ni ingenzi ku buzima bw’amagufa * Kuba harimo potassium bifasha mu kurwanya umuvuduko udasanzwe w’amaraso * Ni uruboga rwiza ku ruhu no kururinda gusaza * Rifasha kandi mu gusohora imyanda n’uburozi mu mubiri * Harimo iodine ikaba igirira akamaro [[ubwonko]] ikanafasha mu ikorwa ry’iimisemburo imwe n’imwe.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashu aribwa ate? == Nubwo akenshi tuyateka ariko burya si byiza kuko byangiza vitamini zibamo. Ibyiza ni ukuyarya mabisi, akenshi kuri salade, mbere yuko turya ibitetse. Ku kuvura ibisebe mu gifu cyangwa kuva imyuna kimwe n’imihango idakama, usabwa kunywa umutobe ukozwe mu mashu. Udafite agakoresho kabugenewe wayasekura ugakamura.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] 4gvulgnbzjxk4pmjww79pl7dqmeap7b Amashaza 0 6035 137195 135954 2026-09-15T13:14:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137195 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Dosiye:PeaspodsJuly08.jpg|thumb|Amashaza|294x294px]] [[Dosiye:-2019-07-20 Garden pea (Pisum sativum) in flower, Trimingham.JPG|thumb|Amashaza|298x298px]] [[Dosiye:Dried Green Peas.jpg|thumb|Amashaza atetse|374x374px]] [[Dosiye:(Pisum sativum), A pea is a most commonly green.JPG|thumb|(Pisum sativum), A pea is a most commonly green|306x306px]] [[Dosiye:Doperwt rijserwt peulen Pisum sativum.jpg|thumb|Amashaza akiri mu murima|399x399px]] [[Dosiye:Pisum sativum MHNT.BOT.2010.12.9.jpg|thumb|291x291px]] [[Dosiye:Pisum sativum seedling (8755683513).jpg|thumb|Pisum sativum seedling ]] [[Dosiye:Pisum sativum MHNT.BOT.2010.12.9.jpg|thumb|Amashaza]] [[Dosiye:-2020-06-28 Garden pea (Pisum sativum), Trimingham, Norfolk (2).JPG|thumb|Amashaza|451x451px]] Amashaza ashobora kuba yumye cyangwa se mabisi ( Urunyongwe ) ari byo bitonore by’amashaza, ni ibyo kurya bikundwa kandi ni mu gihe kuko ruryoha cyane. Rukaba rushobora gutekwa rwonyine nk’imboga zo kurisha ibindi byo kurya nk’umuceri, umutsima cyangwa rugatekanwa n’ibindi nk’igitoki cyangwa ibirayi ari naho benshi bakunze kuruteka. Urunyogwe uko waruteka kose, ni ifunguro ryuzuye intungamubiri zinyuranye kandi zifitiye akamaro gakomeye umubiri wacu .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/hari-abahinzi-burubyiruko-bakunda-izuba-kurusha-imvura/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227102056/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/hari-abahinzi-burubyiruko-bakunda-izuba-kurusha-imvura/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Gicumbi-Habonetse-amashaza-yerera-amezi-abiri</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227100506/https://umutihealth.com/urunyogwe/</ref> [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Dosiye:Peas_in_pods_-_Studio.jpg|thumb|Amashaza]] === Intungamubiri === * Ingufu * Ibinyasukari * Poroteyine * Fibre * Ibinure bitarimo cholesterol * Vitamini zinyuranye nka Vitamin B9, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B2, Vitamini A, [[Vitamini C]], Vitamini E na Vitamin K * Imyunyungugu nka Sodiyumu, Potasiyumu, Kalisiyumu, Umuringa, Ubutare, Magnesium, Manganese, Selenium, Zinc * Beta carotene * Beta crypto-xanthin * Lutein-zeaxanthin.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20230227100506/https://umutihealth.com/urunyogwe/</ref><ref>https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=3542117893fe8653ab5fe46cfd0aef7ca46&vario=38ae9c7ebfb68ea795483d270f5934b71d</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Minisitiri-wIntebe-Dr-Ngirente-yasuye-ibikorwa-byamajyambere-mu-karere-ka-Rutsiro</ref> === Akamaro ku buzima === * [[Dosiye:Pisum sativum Горох лущильний - зелений горошок.jpg|thumb|Urunyongwe rwa mashaza]]Nkuko tubibonye hejuru, mu runyogwe dusangamo vitamin B9 ari yo izwi nka folic acid cyangwa folate. Iyi ni imwe muri vitamin zo mu itsinda rya vitamin B ikaba ari vitamin ikenerwa n’umwana ukiri mu nda ya nyina kugirango DNA ye ikorwe neza. Muri 100g z’urunyogwe habonekamo 64mcg zayo zingana na 16% z’ikenewe ku munsi. Iri funguro ni ingenzi rero ku mugore utwite kuko ririnda umwana kuzavukana ubumuga akenshi bukunze gufata urutirigongo. * Urunyogwe kandi rurimo vitamin C muri 100g dusangamo 40mg cyangwa 67% z’ikenewe ku munsi. Iyi vitamin ikaba ari ingenzi mu gufasha umubiri gusohora imyanda no kongerera ingufu ubudahangarwa bwawo. Ibi bikaba birinda umuntu indwara zandura * Mu runyogwe kandi dusangamo beta-sitosterol. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko imboga n’imbuto zikize kuri yo zifasha mu kugabanya igipimo cya cholesterol mbi mu mubiri * Kandi urunyogwe rukungahaye kuri vitamin K. Muri 100g dusangamo 24.8mcg zingana na 21% z’iyikenewe ku munsi. Uretse kuba vitamin K ifasha amaraso kuvura no gukama iyo dukomeretse, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko iyi vitamin igira uruhare mu gutuma amagufa akomera ndetse imyunyungugu akeneye akabasha kuyibika. Ibi rero bigira uruhare mu kurinda indwara zinyuranye zangiza amagufa ndetse binafasha mu kurinda indwara ya Alzheimer; ikaba ifata ahanini abageze mu zabukuru ikabatera kwibagirwa ku buryo n’izina rye aba atakiryibuka. Ibi iyi vitamin ibikora irinda iyangirika ry’udutsi two mu bwonko. * Nkuko twabibonye mu runyogwe harimo beta-carotene, lutein na zea-xanthin hamwe na vitamin A (muri 100g harimo 765 IU bingana na 25.5%). Vitamin A ikaba ari ingenzi mu gutuma amaso, uruhu n’ibindi bice by’umubiri bikora neza. Naho ziriya flavonoids zo zikaba zirinda kanseri zinyuranye cyane cyane kanseri y’ibihaha n’iyo mu nzira y’igogorwa cyane cyane mu kanwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/ubuhinzi-bw-imbuto-bwahinduriye-ubuzima-munyaneza-ku-buryo-yinjiza-asaga</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?nyanza-bahinga-bahendwa-bagasarura-bahendwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227102100/https://bwiza.com/?Nyanza-Bahinga-bahendwa-bagasarura-bahendwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Icyitonderwa === Urunyogwe rwiza ni urusaruwe uwo munsi, mbese rutaranamba kuko uko rugenda runamba niko runatakaza intungamubiri. Niba wifuza kurubika rudatetse, ibyiza ni ukurushyira mu ishashi cyangwa ikindi kintu gikoze muri purasitike noneho ukagishyira mu mazi kikarengerwa (ariko amazi ntiyinjiremo). Aho ushobora no kurubika rukamara iminsi 3 rutatangirika. Niba ufite firigo naho warushyiramo, ariko nabwo ukabanza kurushyira mu kintu cya pulasitike.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227102051/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/orange/crop_management</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] 0xcpm6eq1goqfnoiz09zyl77tm1e3p7 Igitunguru 0 6040 137196 135948 2026-09-15T13:14:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137196 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Poireaux.JPG|thumb|292x292px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibitunguru</span>]] [[Dosiye:Red Onions .jpg|thumb|ibiyunguru bitukura]] [[Dosiye:Mixed onions.jpg|thumb|ibitunguru bivanze]] [[Dosiye:Zwiebeln auf Antigua.jpg|thumb|igitunguru]] [[Dosiye:Leeks.JPG|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Red onions (cross-sections).jpg|thumb|Red onions (cross-sections)]] [[Dosiye:Three whole red onions.jpg|thumb|ibitunguru]] [[Dosiye:(White onion).JPG|thumb|(White onion)]] [[Dosiye:Onion on White.JPG|thumb|(White onion)]] [[Dosiye:Onion crop.jpg|thumb|(White onion)]] [[Dosiye:White Onions.jpg|thumb|White Onions]] == Ubwoko bw'ibitunguru == * Ibitunguru bitukura: Bombay red, red creole, red tropicana, etc   * Ibitunguru by’umweru: white creole, Texas grano, etc<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ese-waruziko-kurya-ibitunguru-byongera-imbaraga-mu-gukora-imibonano</ref> === Guhumbika imbuto === * Tegura imitabo ifite metero 1 y’ubugari. * Shyiramo imborera ibiro 5 kuri m2 imwe. * Tera umwayi hanyuma utwikirize igitaka gikeya. * Humbika garama 5 kuli m2 (metero imwe kuri metero imwe).<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/abahinze-ibitunguru-muri-rubavu-na-nyabihu-barataka-ibihombo</ref> === Gutera ingemwe mu murima === * Tera ingemwe zikuze neza : zifite amababi 3 kugeza kuri 5. * Tera ibitunguru igihe hari ikibunda cyangwa ku mugoroba. * Hagati y'igitunguru n'ikindi ushyiramo intera ya  cm 15. * [[Dosiye:Red Onion Series (3047077408).jpg|thumb|332x332px|igitunguru]]Hagati y'umurongo n'undi ushyiramo intera ya  cm 20. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/impamvu-nyamukuru-ukwiye-gutangira-kwihatira-kurya-ibitunguru-bibisi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226194424/https://yegob.rw/impamvu-nyamukuru-ukwiye-gutangira-kwihatira-kurya-ibitunguru-bibisi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/rubavu-abahinzi-bibitunguru-bararira-ayo-kwarika</ref> === Umwayi (umurama) === * Koresha garama 60 kugira ngo uzatere ari 1 cyangwa ibiro 6 by’umwayi kugira ngo uzatere ibitunguru kuli ha 1<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/impamvu-nyamukuru-ukwiye-gutangira-kwihatira-kurya-ibitunguru-bibisi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226194424/https://yegob.rw/impamvu-nyamukuru-ukwiye-gutangira-kwihatira-kurya-ibitunguru-bibisi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kwita ku guhingwa cy'igitunguru === * Kubagara buri byumweru bibiri. * Gusasira ibitunguru bigabanya ibyatsi mu murima. * Kuvomerera mu gihe nta mvura iri kugwa.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/ibyiza-byo-kurya-ibitunguru-ku-buzima-bw-abantu</ref> === Indwara n’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko ku bitunguru === Indwara ikunze kugaragara ku bitunguru mu Rwanda ni “aliterinariose”  Iterwa n’agahumyo kitwa Alternaria porri Ibimenyetso byayo ubisanga ku mababi aho usanga amababi afite utudomagure dusa n’ikigina kivanzemo ibara rya violet kandi akenshi utwo tudomagure tuba tuzengurutwe n’ibara ry’umuhondo Iyo ubonye iyo ndwara yabaye nyinshi mu murima wawe, utera umuti witwa mancozebe (ibiro 0.017 - 0.022 kuri ari 1 cyangwa ibiro 1.7 - 2.2 kuri hegitari 1)<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/118157/akamaro-kibitunguru-bitukura-ku-buzima-118157.html</ref> === Downy mildiou === Iyi ndwara irangwa n’amabara y’umweru ku gice cyo hejuru cy’amababi Iyi ndwara ikunze kuboneka iyo ikirere gihehereye kandi hari ubukonje Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya Yirwanye uhinga ibitunguru rimwe mu myaka itatu (aho yagaragaye) Kwinika imbuto mu mazi ashyushye byica aka gakoko Tera umuti witwa Mancozeb  (ibiro 0.022 - 0.035 kuri ari imwe cyangwa ibiro 2.2 - 3.5 kuri hegitari imwe<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226194424/https://genesisbizz.com/Ibyiza-birindwi-byo-kurya-ibitunguru</ref> === Gusarura ibitunguru === * Ibitunguru bisarurwa bimaze iminsi 100 - 120 bitewe (amezi 3 - 4). * Iyo byeze ubibwirwa n’uko igice cyo hejuru cyuma cyangwa kikaraba rimwe na rimwe kikagwa. * Umusaruro: ibiro 46 kuri ari 1 cyangwa ibiro 4,600 kuri hegitari 1.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwibitunguru-bitukura.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226194424/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwibitunguru-bitukura.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Uburyo bwo gutunganya umusaruro no guhunika === * Ibitunguru byanikwa mu gicucu ahantu hagera akayaga. * Iyo agahu k’inyuma kumye, nibwo ushobora kubihunika mu mufuka ugatereka ahantu hatagera ubukonje.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226194424/https://www.agakiza.org/Menya-umumaro-ibitunguru-bifitiye-umubiri.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226194511/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/onions/post-harvest_management</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] 7y3u7abo46gmof52q2zakdvuhxnd5cn Igihaza 0 6047 137197 126077 2026-09-15T13:15:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Courgette Cucurbita pepo 2.jpg|thumb|345x345px|<span style="color:grey;">Igihaza</span>]] [[Dosiye:Cucurbita_pepo_2015_G1.jpg|thumb|Igihaza]] [[Dosiye:Cucurbita 2011 G1.jpg|thumb|ibihaza iyo byeze]] [[Dosiye:Zucchini-572542.jpg|thumb|Ibihaza]] [[Dosiye:Inzuzi z' ibihaza.jpg|thumb|375x375px|inzuziz zibihaza]] [[Dosiye:Cucurbita pepo Tatume.jpg|thumb|igice cyimbere mu gihaza]] [[Dosiye:Cucurbita pepo - end of vine with ants.jpg|thumb|'''end of vine with ants''']] [[Dosiye:Cucurbita pepo 2015 G2.jpg|thumb|Igihaza cyeze]] [[Dosiye:Artocarpus heterophyllus à São Tomé (2).jpg|thumb]] '''Igihaza''' (ubumwe: '''Ibihaza ;''' izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Cucurbita pepo'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]].Ibihaza ni ibiribwa byuzuye intungamubiri dukenera mu buzima, kandi biboneka henshi, kuko hari n’aho byiyeza mu gisambu. Bikaba bimwe mu bihingwa bishobora gutuma umwijima, impyiko, amagufa, amaso n’uruhu bikora neza. == Icyo ibihaza bifasha mu buzima. == Ibihaza biba mu moko menshi atandukanye, kandi nabyo biri mu bwoko bw’imboga.Zimwe mu ntungamubiri usanga mu gihaza: Vitamini A, B, C, D, E. [[Dosiye:-2020-06-02 Courgette plant (Cucurbita pepo), Trimingham, Norfolk.JPG|thumb]] Amazi angana na 95%,isukari ingana na 3.5%,imisemburo itera kwituma neza ingana na 2%, ibivumbikisho by’umubiri bingana na 15%,inyubakamubiri zingana na 0.8%, amavuta angana na 0.1%,imyunyu-ngugu itandukanye nka sodium, potasiyumu, manganeze silica ikenewe n’amagufa, imitsi n’ingingo ngo bikore neza.<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/reba-akamaro-n-ibyiza-byo-kurya-ibihaza-birimo-nko-gutuma-umwijima-impyiko</ref>Lignans: ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku gihaza bwagaragaje ko mu gihaza harimo izindi ntungamubiri zitwa lignans zifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima, kanseri ya nyababyeyi, iy’udusabo tw’intanga ngore, ndetse na kanseri y’amabya. == Umumaro wo kurya ibihaza == Ibihaza byongera ubudahangarwa; ni isoko nziza ya vitamin C, manyesiyumu ndetse n’ibindi bifasha gusukura umubiri (antoxidants). Ibi byose bifatanyiriza hamwe mu kurwanya ibishobora kwangiza umubiri ndetse no gusohora ibizwi nka free radicals; ubusanzwe izi free radicals ntizigomba kuba mu mubiri, mu gihe zirimo bishobora gutera indwara za kanseri, indwara z’umutima, ndetse no gusaza imburagihe.Kurya ibihaza bifasha kongera ubudahangarwa, bityo umubiri ukikiza uburozi butandukanye.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibihaza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2021-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214010740/https://umutihealth.com/ibihaza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Bifasha mu kurwanya diyabete. Ibihaza bikize cyane kuri vitamin B zitandukanye, fibres z’ingenzi mu mubiri, ndetse n’ubwoko bw’ikinyamasukari kizwi nka pectin. Pectin yifashishwa mu kuringaniza isukari mu maraso, no gutuma umusemburo wa insulin n’isukari yo mu maraso (glucose) byose biba ku rugero rukwiye mu maraso.Ku bantu barwaye diyabete, ibihaza ni ibyo kurya by’ingenzi cyane kuko bifasha isukari yo mu maraso guhora ku rugero rukwiriye.Biringaniza umuvuduko w’amaraso manyesiyumu na potasiyumu ziboneka mu bihaza zitabazwa mu kurwanya indwara z’umutima, no kurinda udutsi duto dutwara amaraso ku mutima. Potasiyumu yongera ubunini bw’udutsi duto dutwara amaraso ndetse n’imijyana, bityo amaraso agatembera gahoro, umutima ugatera neza.<ref name=":0" />Fibres zirimo na pectin, zifasha mu kwikiza amavuta mabi (cholesterol) iba yarafashe mu dutsi duto, bityo bikarinda indwara ya stroke ndetse no guhagarara k’umutima.Bifasha mu kurinda infections zitandukanye intungamubiri ziboneka mu bihaza zifasha mu kurwanya indwara zitandukanye. Inyinshi muri izi ntungamubiri, ziboneka cyane mu mbuto z’ibihaza, ni byiza kuzirya cg kuzihekenya, kuko zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya mikorobe, parasites ndetse n’imiyege.Byongera kubona neza ibihaza bikungahaye cyane kuri vitamin A ku bwinshi, habonekamo igera kuri 400% y’ikenerwa ku munsi. Kurya ibihaza biguha vitamin A nkenerwa yose, iyi vitamin ikaba ingenzi mu kurinda indwara z’amaso nk’ishaza, kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kubona uko ugenda usaza, kureka kw’amazi mu maso (glaucoma) n’ibindi bibazo bitandukanye by’amaso.<ref name=":1" />Bikomeza amagufa imyunyungugu itandukanye; zinc, calcium na manganeze ndetse na za vitamin zibonekamo zifasha mu gukomeza amagufa. Bityo bikakurinda kuvunguka kw’amagufa uko ugenda usaza. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] f15n0d2wz6on3d2n82iuundo756xvzw Inyanya 0 6367 137229 136309 2026-09-15T13:22:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tomato je.jpg|thumb|Tomato |244x244px]] [[File:Bright red tomato and cross section02.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Inyanya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Münster, Wochenmarkt -- 2017 -- 2328.jpg|thumb|inyanya ziri ku giti|243x243px]] [[Dosiye:Tomates_cerises_FR_2012.jpg|thumb|Inyanya ziri ku giti]] [[Dosiye:Tomates cerises FR 2012.jpg|thumb|328x328px|inyanya zitaasoromwa]] [[Dosiye:Tomatoes-on-the-bush.jpg|thumb|urunyanya]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum mixed fruits.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum mixed fruits.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum mixed fruits]] [[Dosiye:Tomato گوجه فرنگی 01.jpg|thumb|Tomato]] [[Dosiye:20160528 Whitstable - Solanum lycopersicum 1.jpg|thumb|Inyanya]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum 15-p.bot-lyco.escu-030.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum]] [[Dosiye:Tomato plant (домати).jpg|thumb|Tomato plant ]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme 2020-09-28 2987.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum sl4.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum ]] [[Dosiye:Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum - 4.jpg|thumb|Solanales]] [[Dosiye:Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum - 3.jpg|thumb|Inyanya zitarashya neza]] [[Dosiye:Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum - 48.jpg|thumb|Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum ]] [[Dosiye:Organic home-grown tomatoes - unripe to ripe.jpg|thumb|Organic home-grown tomatoes - unripe to ripe]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme 2020-09-28 2988.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum ]] [[Dosiye:Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum - 8.jpg|thumb|Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum ]] [[Dosiye:Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum - 40.jpg|thumb|Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum ]] [[Dosiye:Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum - 40.jpg|thumb|Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum]] [[Dosiye:Half of a sliced tomato on a blue background.jpg|thumb|Half of a sliced tomato on a blue background]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum cerasiforme 02a.JPG|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum cerasiforme]] [[Dosiye:Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) 01.jpg|thumb|Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) ]] [[Dosiye:Tomato plants 2.jpg|thumb|Umurima winyanya]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum - Yellow Tomato.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum - Yellow Tomato]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q23501}} [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum 1 2018-01-24.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum sl2.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum]] [[Dosiye:Starr 080501-4345 Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum E2.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum ]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum, Tomate 2.JPG|thumb|Inyanya ziri kwera]] === Iriburiro === [[Dosiye:Rajče1.jpg|thumb|inyanya]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum 15-p.bot-lyco.escu-020.jpg|thumb|Urunyanya rutarera neza]] [[Dosiye:Tomato plants 3.jpg|thumb|Tomato plants ]] [[Dosiye:Solanum Lycopersicum tomkin 1.jpg|thumb|Solanum Lycopersicum tomkin ]] [[Dosiye:Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum - 8.jpg|thumb|Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum ]] [[Dosiye:Tomato plant (домати).jpg|thumb|Tomato plant]] [[Dosiye:Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum - 46.jpg|thumb|Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum ]] [[Dosiye:Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum - 38.jpg|thumb|Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum ]] [[Dosiye:Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum - 38.jpg|thumb|Solanales - Solanum lycopersicum ]] Inyanya zikungahaye kuri vitamini A na C. Zongerwa mu biryo kugira ngo zibyongerere uburyohe. Inyanya kandi zishobora gutunganywa zigakorwamo ikinyiga (sauce tomate). Mu rwego rw'ubukungu, inyanya zinjiza amafaranga mu ngo ndetse bikagera no mu rwego rw'[[igihugu]] n'[[isi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.agakiza.rw/Dore-ibyiza-10-bitangaje-byo-kurya-inyanya.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151334/https://www.agakiza.rw/Dore-ibyiza-10-bitangaje-byo-kurya-inyanya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/inyanya/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151346/https://umutihealth.com/inyanya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/burya-inyanya-mbisi-ni-ingirakamaro-kurusha-izitetse</ref>. Inyanya zikunda ahantu hari amazi ahagije, zikazirana n'ahatagira amazi. Ubutaka bwiza ku nyanya ni ubufite ubusharire bwa 6-7. Ikigero cy'ubushyuhe cyagombye kuba dogere  20-27. Imbuto z'inyanya ziba mbi iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya degere 30 cyangwa bukaba munsi ya dogere 10.<ref name=":2" /> === Amoko y`inyanya === Guhitamo ubwoko bw'inyanya bwo guhinga ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe hifuzwa umusaruro mwiza. Muri rusange hariho amoko abiri y'inyanya  amenyerewe. Inyanya ngufi n'inyanya ndende.Inyanya ngufi (habariwemo n'izivangiye igice n'ingufi) ni ubwoko bugira [[igiti]] kigira ihundo ry'uruyange ku mutwe. Ziba ngufi zikaba igihuru mu gihe izivangiye igice ziba ndende.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Ubwoko burebure bukomeza gushamika  n'indabo nshya kandi bugakura bujya hejuru cyane. Ubu bwoko buzana inyanya nyuma y'igihe kinini. Ubu bwoko bugomba kushingirirwa no kugabanyirizwa ibisambo bityo bugasaba akazi kenshi.Mu [[Rwanda]] duhinga ubwoko bwiza bw'inyanya buturaka i [[Burayi]] no mu bigo by'imbuto byo muri [[Kenya]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/tomatoes |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151334/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/tomatoes |url-status=dead }}</ref> Anna F1 ni ubwoko bw`inyanya butanga umusaruro utubutse, budasaba akazi kenshi, kandi budapfa gufatwa n' indwara zifata inyanya. Ni inyanya zigurishwa ari mbisi, zitanga umusaruro mwiza cyane iyo zihinzwe mu mahema yabugenewe. Anna F1 igira urunyanya rukomeye, rufite ishusho y'igi, rukagira ibara ry'umutuku tukutuku. Ni bumwe mu bwoko bw'inyanya buva muri Kenya budapfa guhangarwa n'indwara ya kirabiranya  imunga igiti, iminyorogoto n'izindi.<ref name=":3" /> Anna F1 ni ubwoko bukura vuba: mu minsi 75 nyuma yo kugemekwa. Kugira ngo zibe zeze neza biterwa n'igihe/ikirere. Nko mu  bwoko bwinshi mu buturuka muri Kenya, umusaruro wa mbere uba ari muke  ugereranyije n'andi masarura akurikira. Anna F1 zitanga umusaruro ku kigereranyo cya toni 74 kuri hegitari,  n'ibiro  35 kg kuri buri runyanya mu buzima bwarwo bwose.<ref name=":3" /> Inyanya zo mu bwoko bwa [[Roma]] ni inyanya zifite amafufu. Inyanya z`amafufu nka Roma muri rusange zigira ifufu rinini imbere, zikagira ubuhwa buke cyane n'igishishwa gikomeye. Roma zijya kugira ishusho ya  mpandenye kandi zikaremera. Zirakomera kandi kuruta izo mu bundi bwoko ndetse n'iz'ubwoko  bugira amafufu. Inyanya za Roma ziri mu bwoko bugufi, ni ukuvuga ko urunyanya ruhira rimwe  aho kugenda rushya buhoro buhoro bigendanye n'ikirere. N'ubwo zishobora kuribwa ari mbisi izi nyanya biba byiza iyo zitetswe.<ref name=":2" /> Ubwoko bw'inyanya bwa Bingo: * Bugira umusaruro utubutse * Bwera imbuto nini * Zera vuba * Zemera ahantu hose * Zigira uruti runini * Zikura neza * [[Urubuto]] rufite ishusho y'umubumbe, runini cyane,rworohereye, * Ntizipfa kwisatura * Zibasha guhangana n'indwara ziterwa na virusi Bingo zihingwa mu murima mugari, zitanga inyanya nini kandi zoroshye. Igiti cy'urunyanya gishamikaho amababi agaye arinda igihingwa gutwikwa n'izuba. Ni ubwoko wahitamo ku bucuruzi bukorerwa ku masoko yo ku muhanda. Zizwiho kugira icyanga no kuba nini cyane.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/impamvu-10-zikwereka-ko-udakwiriye-kubura-inyanya-ku-ifunguro-rya-buri-munsi</ref> === Cherry tomato === Cherry tomato ni ubwoko bw’inyanya nto ziburungushuye. Zigira ibara ritukura, umuhondo, icyatsi kibisi ndetse n’umukara. Ziribwa cyane cyane ari mbisi kubera ko ziryohera.<ref name=":4">https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/impamvu-10-zikwereka-ko-udakwiriye-kubura-inyanya-ku-ifunguro-rya-buri-munsi</ref> === Plum ( Pulamu) === Inyanya zo mu bwoko bwa Plum zizwi nk’izitegurwamo ikinyiga  gitekwa mu masupu cyangwa kibikwa mu bikopo. Izi nyanya zifite ishusho y’umwiburungushure, zikagira  ubuhwa buke cyane ugereranyije n’ubundi bwoko bw’inyanya kandi zikagira umubiri ukomeye, bituma zibereye gutunganywa mu nganda.<ref name=":4" /> [[Dosiye:Tomato field in Namegata, Ibaraki 02.jpg|thumb|umurima wi tomati]] === Gutegura umurima w'inyanya === ==== Guhumbika ==== Gutera inyanya bitangirira ku guhumbika, aho  babiba umurama ukamera mbere y'uko ingemwe zigemurirwa mu murima zizakuriramo. Ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba bunoze nta binonko birimo kugira ngo  imbuto zizamere neza. Ni byiza guhitamo ahantu hari amazi kandi umurima ukaba udaheruka guhingwamo ibihingwa byo mu muryango umwe n'inyanya.<ref name=":5">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/reba-akamaro-inyanya-zifitiye-ubuzima-bwacu</ref> Ubuhumbikiro bwigiye hejuru bugizwe na cm 15-30 z'uburebure  bukaba bwajya hasi yaho mu gihe cy'izuba ryinshi  ariko bukajya hejuru yaho igihe cy'ubuhehere. Umurama uhumbikwa mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 6. Ubuhumbikiro butwikirizwa isaso kandi ubutaka ntabwo bugomba kumagara. Ubuhumbikiro bwigiye hejuru bworohereza uburyo bwo kuyobora amazi.<ref name=":5" /> [[Dosiye:Tomato field in Namegata, Ibaraki 01.jpg|thumb|umurima ]] === Gutera inyanya === ==== Kugemura ==== Kureka ubuhumbikiro bugakomera bikorwa bagabanya amazi maze ingemwe zikagerwaho n' izuba mu gihe cy'iminsi 6-9 mbere yo kugemura. Kuvomerera neza ingemwe amasaha 12 mbere yo kuzigemeka mu murima wabigenewe. Ingemwe nziza ni izigeze ku kigero cy'amababi 4-5, zimaze hafi ibyumweru 4.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |url=https://www.agakiza.org/Sobanukirwa-neza-umumaro-wo-kurya-inyanya.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151346/https://www.agakiza.org/Sobanukirwa-neza-umumaro-wo-kurya-inyanya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kugemura bikorwa nimugoroba cyangwa igihe ikirere cyijimye kugira ngo ingemwe zidapfa.Urugemwe rushyirwa mu mwobo ku buryo amababi ya mbere asigara hejuru y'ubutaka. Ingemwe ndende zinanutse zigomba guterwa mu mwobo muremure. Gutsindagira ubutaka cyane mu muzenguruko w'imizi no gusuka amazi ku muzenguruko w'urugemwe kugira ngo ubutaka bufate. Ni ngombwa kuvomerera vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kugemeka.<ref name=":6" /> Intera isigara hagati y'urugemwe n'urundi iterwa n'uburyo ushaka guteramo byaba gutera ku murongo umwe umwe cyangwa ibiri ibangikanye. Iyo hakoreshejwe imirongo ibiri ibangikanye intera igomba kungana na cm 60 hagati y'imirongo na cm 40 hagati y'urugemwe n'urundi. Ibi bitanga ingemwe zigera ku 33,000 kuri hegitari. Iyo hakoreshejwe umurongo umwe umwe ku ntera ya cm 40 hagati y'ingemwe bitanga ingemwe zigera ku 16,000 kuri hegitari.<ref name=":6" /> === Kwita ku gihingwa cy'inyana === === Ikoreshwa ry'amazi n'ibikemewe === Amazi adahagije mu gihe igihingwa icyo ari cyo cyose kigikura bigabanya umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'imbuto. Inyanya ntizihanganira na mba kubura kw'amazi mu gihe zitangiye kuzana uruyange, mu gihe zikigemurwa no mu gihe zitangiye kuzana imbuto; mu kindi gihe zishobora kwihangana gato. Nyamara inyanya ntabwo zikunda amazi menshi akabije.<ref name=":6" /> Uko wayobora amazi kose bishobora gukorwa uhereye hejuru ku butaka, uminjira make make, amazi anyuze mu gihombo, aho kuvoma amazi ku isoko ugahita uyamena ku bihingwa mu murima. Uko byakorwa kose biterwa n'ubushobozi bw'umuhinzi. Kubika amazi mu murima bishobora gukorwa hafashwe amazi acunshumuka, amazi y'imvura ava mu migezi, amazi y'imvura, kuzamura amazi avuye hasi mu butaka.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/waruzi-ko-inyanya-mbisi-zigira-akamaro-kurusha-izitetse-sobanukirwa/</ref> === Gusasira === Gusasiza ibikoresho byabugenewe bikorwa hatwikirwa ubuso bw'ubutaka. Gusasira ni ngombwa mu buhinzi bw'inyanya kuko bigabanya kugenda kw'ibitunga igihingwa, bibika ubuhehere n'ubushyuhe mu butaka bikanabuza ibyatsi bibi kumera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2019/01/inyanya-mbisi-zifite-akamaro-kurusha.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151334/https://www.urwego.com/2019/01/inyanya-mbisi-zifite-akamaro-kurusha.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gushingirira === Gushingirira inyanya ukoresheje inking z'imigano, imishingiriro y'ibiti cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bikomeye bifata igihingwa bigatuma amababi n'imbuto bitaryama hasi. Gushingirira bishobora gutuma umusaruro wiyongera n'imbuto zikaba nini, bituma inyanya zitabora kandi bikoroshya isarura.<ref name=":7">https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Bugarama-Umusaruro-winyanya-wariyongereye</ref> Ubwoko bw'inyanya ndende bwagombye gushingirirwa kugira ngo byorohe kuzikata, gukata ibisambo, gusarura n'indi mirimo yose ikorerwa igihingwa. Ubwoko bw'inyanya bugufi bwagombye gushingirirwa mu gihe cy'imvura kugira ngo imbuto z'inyanya zidakora hasi ku butaka.<ref name=":7" /> Uburyo butandukanye bwo gushingirira burashoboka. Igihingwa kiba kigomba gufata neza ku mushingiriro, bigakorwa mu ntangiriro nko mu byumweru bibiri nyuma yo kugemeka.<ref name=":7" /> Uduti tw'umuceri, udushumi twa pulasitiki, udushumi tumatira dukoreshwa mu buhinzi bw'indabo, n'ibindi bikoresho byose umuntu yakwifashisha  bishobora gukoreshwa mu guhambira urunyanya ku giti. Guhambira bikorwa ku buryo ihundo ry'inyanya riba rishyigikiye.<ref name=":7" /> === Gukata ibisambo === Gukata ibisambo cyangwa gutoranya umumero ugomba gukurwaho mu rwego rwo kurinda inyanya kugunduka bishobora gutuma inyanya zikura vuba zikaba nini kandi ku buryo bungana. Gukuramo ibisambo bituma umwuka winjira neza  mu rugara rw'amababi, bikagabanya indwara zifata amababi bikorohereza kutera umuti ndetse no gusarura.<ref name=":8">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/inyanya-zifashwe-neza-zimara-umwaka-mu-murima-zisarurwa</ref> Ubwoko by'inyanya ndende bugomba gukurwaho ibisambo iteka kugira ngo zidakururumba. Urugero gukata ibisambo bikorwamo biterwa n'igihe cy'ihinga icyo ari cyo. Mu gihe cyose bakata ibisambo, ni ko banakuraho indabo zitari ngombwa kugira ngo bacungane n'umubare w'inyanya  wifuzwa.<ref name=":8" /> === Kubagara === Ibyatsi bigomba kubagarwa bikavanwa mu murima w'inyanya kuko bicuranwa n'igiti cy'inyanya urumuri, ibigitunga n'amazi. Ibyatsi kandi biba indiri y'indwara n'ibyonnyi. Ibyatsi bibi bibagarwa hakoreshejwe  intoki cyangwa isuka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/gatsibo-abahinzi-binyanya-bahamya-ko-ari-igihingwa-gitanga-umusaruro-iyo-cyitaweho/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151334/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/gatsibo-abahinzi-binyanya-bahamya-ko-ari-igihingwa-gitanga-umusaruro-iyo-cyitaweho/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Tomato healthy food.jpg|thumb|296x296px|urunyanya]] === Ibitunga igihingwa n'inyongeramusaruro nkenerwa === Iyo inyanya zigeze aheza ubona ko zikeneye ibizitunga ni ngombwa ko hajyamo inyongeramusaruro uhereye igihe zitangiye kuzana imbuto. Ifumbire ikomoka ku matungo n'iyo mu ngarani ni zo nziza mu kongerera umusaruro umurima w'inyanya ushaka umusaruro w'umwimerere.<ref name=":8" /> Ifumbire isukika ikoze mu bimera cyangwa ingarani iba ngombwa cyane cyane igihe imbuto zimaze kuza kugira ngo izindi zikomeze ziyongere. Naho ku musaruro utari umwimerere, inyongeramusaruro z'ubwoko butandukanye zishobora kongerwamo kugira ngo umusaruro utubuke.<ref name=":9" /> === Guhangana n'indwara n'ibyonnyi ku nyanya === Indwara z'ingenzi zifata  inyanya ni ukubora zikiri nto, cyangwa kubora zikuze, naho byonnyi by'ngenzi by'inyanya ni imiswa, isazi zera, udukoko turya amababi  (''Tuta absoluta'') n'utumatirizi.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> === ''Kirabiranya'' === Iyi ndwara ituma urunyanya ruraba vuba kandi rugapfa burundu rwose rutabanje guhinduka umuhondo cyangwa ngo amababi abanze azane ibibara. Igiti cyose kirapfa. Ubusanzwe bikunda kuba mu gihe igipimo cy'ubushyuhe kigera kuri dogere 32o C cyangwa hejuru yaho. Urunyanya ruraba rugifite ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi. Iyo igiti cy`urunyanya rwarabye bagikase usanga intimatima ibobereye n'amazi y'umukara, kandi wakanda igiti cyatemwe hakaza amazi yera, y'umuhondo cyangwa y'ikijuju anyerera. Iyo indwara imaze gukura kubora kw'intimatima bishobora gucukura umwobo muremure mu giti cyose.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/menya-impamvu-kurya-inyanya-mbisi-ari-bibi-kurusha-izitetse/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151352/https://yegob.rw/menya-impamvu-kurya-inyanya-mbisi-ari-bibi-kurusha-izitetse/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Guhangana nayo === * Iyo inyanya zagaragayeho iyi ndwara ari nke zigomba guhita zikurwa mu murima * Guhinduranya ibihingwa mu murima by'igihe kirekire (ibihe by'ihinga 3-4).<ref name=":10" /> [[Dosiye:Tomaat neusrot (Solanum lycopersicum).jpg|thumb|Tomaat neusrot (Solanum lycopersicum)]] === Cyumya (''Fusarium oxysporum'' sp. ''Lycopersici'') === Amababi y'inyanya yo hasi ahinduka umuhondo ubundi akuma. Ibiti byinshi by'inyanya bishobora kugaragaza ibyo bimenyetso. Amababi y'uruhande rumwe ashobora kwandura mu gihe ayo ku rundi ruhande ari mazima. Amababi yanduye yihungura ku giti. Iyo ibiti byanduye biri hejuru gato y'ubutaka n'agati gatereyeho amababi ubitemye hagaragara amatembabuzi y'ikijuju  kivanze n'umutuku.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |url=http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article4033 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2025-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250225151931/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article4033 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum sl5.jpg|thumb|Solanum lycopersicum]] Uduhumyo duturuka  haba ku mbuto haba no mu butaka. Dukunda kwangiza cyane ahari ubutaka bworoshye bw'urusenyi. Dukunda kuba ahari igipimo cy'ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 25 na 320 C. Imiyege ishobora kuguma mu butaka  no mu gihe nta gihingwa cy'inyanya cyaba kiri mu murima. Gishobora kandi kuguma kubaho  mu mizi y'ibyatsi bibi.<ref name=":11" /> === Guhangana n'iyi ndwara: === * Guhinga ubwoko bw'inyanya budapfa kwandura * Guhinga imbuto zemewe ko zifite ubuziranenge * Kudahumbika mu butaka bwigeze kuyogozwa n'indwara ya Cyumya * Ahari ubutaka busharira, kubugabanya bashyiramo ishwagara cyangwa ifumbire y`imborera * Kwirinda gukoresha inyongeramusaruro zirimo azote nyinshi no kwirinda iminyorogoto ituma imizi yipfundika.<ref name=":11" /> === '''Indwara y'ibibara ku mababi y'inyanya''' (''Alternaria solani'') === Ibibara biza ku mababi  kubera iyi ndwara y'ubushye biba ari ishusho y'uruziga kugeza kuri mm 12 z'umurambararo, bikaba ikijuju kandi kenshi bikagira ishusho y'uruziga ari cyo gitandukanya iyi ndwara n'izindi ndwara zizana ibibara ku mamabi y'inyanya. === Kwirinda iyi ndwara: === * Gutera ubwoko budapfa gufatwa n'iyi ndwara * Guhinga imbuto bwemewe ko bwujuje ubuziranenge, niba ukoresheje imbuto zawe, amazi ashyushye yagufasha kuvura imbuto zawe * Gutera ingemwe zitarwaye * Guhinduranya n'ibihingwa bigira indabo nk`intoryi, urusenda, ibirayi,… * Gushingirira no gukuraho ibisambo ku bwoko burebure * Mu gihe indwara ibaye akarande, gutera imiti yo kurinda ubutaka irimo umuringa. === Ububore (''Phytophthora infestans'') === Ibimenyetso by'ububore ni ibibara bitameze kimwe bitanazira rimwe  by'icyatsi kijya kuba umukara, n'ibibara bisa n'ibyinitse mu mazi bigaragara ku mababi. Ibyo bibara nyuma bihinduka ikigina maze amenshi mu mababi yafashwe akaraba ariko agakomeza gufata ku gihimba. === Kwirinda iyi ndwara: === * Guhinga ubwoko budapfa gufatwa n'iyi ndwara * Gutera ingemwe nzima * Gushingirira no gukiza ibisambo ku bwoko burebure * Guhinduranya imyaka mu murima. === Kubora k'umutwe w'urubuto(Physiological disorder) === Iyi ndwara iterwa no kubura k'umunyungugu wa Kalisiyumu no kuvomerera nabi ku buryo budahoraho. Iyo ndwara ifata umutwe w'urubuto. Itangira isa n'ikibara gisa n'icyinitse mu mazi kigenda gikura kigahinduka ikigina cyijimye gicukuye umwobo. Ubuso bw'aho yafashe burijima kandi bugakanyarara. Ahaboze haruma. === Kuyirinda === * Kwirinda ko igihingwa kibura amazi mu gihe imbuto zigitangira kuzaho * Gushyira ishwagara mu butaka bubuzemo umunyu wa Kalisiyumu * Gutera umuti wagenewe uruyange urimo Kalisiyumu ku rugero rwa 0.5% mu gihe imbuto zitangiye kuza. === Uruhumbu === === ''Virusi zifata inyanya'' === Virusi zifata inyanya kenshi zikwirakwizwa n`udukoko nk'isazi yera, utumatirizi n'inda z'ibihingwa. Ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'iyi ndwara ni amababi  ahinduka ibara ry`umweru cyangwa umuhondo werurutse cyangwa ishusho y'udupande dushushinyije ku mababi mu mabara y'icyatsi  amwe yerurutse andi yijimye. Kenshi na kenshi indwara ziterwa na virusi zituma igihingwa kigwingira mu mikurire yacyo, ibice byacyo nk'igihimba n'amababi bigata isura y'umwimerere. Indwara ziterwa na virusi ku nyanya  harimo : * Virusi y'ububembe bw'itabi cyangwa Ububembe bw'inyanya (TMV/ u ToMV) * Virusi y'Ububembe bw'uduhaza twitwa Konkombure (concombre) (CMV) * Virusi itera ibibara by'itabi(TEV) * Virusi  Y y`[[ibijumba]] (PVY) * Virusi y`ibirayi (PLRV) * Virusi itera ibibara by'inyanya (TSWV) * Virusi ya poivrons(PVMV) * Virusi y`urusenda(CVMV Ou Chivmv) * Virusi y`inyanya ihindura amababi umuhondo akanihina(TYLCV) === Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwirinda izi ndwara harimo: === * Guhinga ubwoko bwihanganira indwara no gutera imbuto zifite ubuziranenge * Kurinda ingemwe mu buhumbikiro hakoreshejwe umwenda w`imyenge * Gucungana n'udukoko twaza mu murima * Gukuramo ibyatsi bibi n'indabo biba indiri y'udukoko dutera indwara * Gukuramo ingemwe zanduye * Kwirinda ko ingenwe zifatana * Gukura mu murima ingemwe zameze nabi n'imizi * Abakozo ntibagomba kunywa itabi cyangwa kohereza umwotsi waryo mu murima w'inyanya kuko zishobora kwandura virusi iturutse mu itabi. === I'''byonyi bikunda gufata inyanya''' === Ubukoko bw`ingenzi bw`ibyonnyi bufata inyanya ni igitangangurirwa gitukura,ubukoko bw'ikijuju, inzoka zo mu mbuto, isazi yera, udukoko turya amababi y'inyanya n'utumatirizi. === Isazi zera === Izi ni isazi zera munsi y`ibabi. Isazi nkuru zigira hafi mm 1 y`uburebure. Izi sazi ni ibyonyi bibi cyane ku nyanya. Isazi zera zifata inyanya kuva zikiri ingemwe kugeza igihe zimaze gukura. Zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu mababi, zigatuma igihingwa gicika intege. [[Dosiye:Stevia rebaudiana TSWV symptoms 28.jpg|thumb|Indwara y'inyanya]] Igihingwa kigaburira izo sazi bigatuma amababi yafashwe ahinduka umuhondo. Ariko kwangiza gukomeye guterwa n'izi sazi ntabwo guhita kugaragara nk`izindi ndwara ziterwa na virusi, bwo bugaragara nyuma. Isazi zera zohereza virusi zitera indwara mu nyanya. By`umwihariko ni yo itera amababi y`inyanya kuba umuhondo no kwihinahina(TYLCV). Umubare muto w`izi sazi ntabwo uhita utera igihingwa kononekara by'ako ako kanya, ariko n`ubwo zaba nke ni ngombwa ko zigenzurwa mu turere zikunda kugaragaramo cyane. ==== Kuzirinda: ==== * Igihe cyo guhinga n'igihe cyo kugemeka: mu gihe bishoboka, kudahinga inyanya mu gihe isazi zera zikunda kugaragaramo. * Kugenzura ibihingwa ku buryo buhoraho. * Gukoresha umutego w`umuhondo umatira ufata amasazi yera akuze. * Kubagara umurima w`inyanya hakiri kare kandi ugakomeza kutabamo ibyatsi * Guteramo umuti ukoze mu giti cyitwa Neem ( soma "Nimu"). Umuti wica ubukoko ukoze muri Nimu uzwiho kugabanya ikwirakwizwa ry`amagi y`isazi zera, ukabuza ibyana byazo gukura kandi ukagabanya ku buryo bugaragara ibyago byo gukwirakwira kwa virusi * Gutera imiti y'amazi n'isabune byabugenewe na byo birinda izo sazi * [[Dosiye:20160528 Whitstable - Solanum lycopersicum 1.jpg|thumb|Umusaruro w'inyany]]Gutera ibihingwa bikumira udukoko dukwirakwiza virusi.<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Abacuruzi-b-inyanya-babangamiwe-n-igihombo-giterwa-no-kubura-abaguzi</ref> === ''Inda''  (''Aphis gossypii'', ''Myzus persicae'') === Inda zangiza ibihingwa nk'inyanya, ipamba, (''Aphis gossypii,'' green peach aphid (''Myzus persicae'') zinyunyuza amatembabuzi y'igihingwa, bityo bigatuma igihingwa kidakura neza. Utu dukoko tubyara kandi ibizi byanduye bimatira nk' [[ubuki]] bibuza igihingwa gukura, bikanambura ubwiza imbuto igihe zigeze ku isoko. Izo nda zishobora kandi kwanduza indwara ziterwa na virusi nka virusi itera ububore bwa concombre.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/10/huye-abahinzi-binyanya-barataka-kubura-isoko-ryumusaruro-wabo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151346/https://umuseke.rw/2021/10/huye-abahinzi-binyanya-barataka-kubura-isoko-ryumusaruro-wabo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kuyirinda === * Korora udukoko turya inda: ubusanzwe birashoboka gucungana na zo hakoreshejwe udukoko tuzirya duitandukanye. By'umwihariko,  ni ngombwa kwirinda gukoresha imiti myinshi yica ubukoko kuko nayo yica utwo dukoko tuzihashya. * Gukoresha isaso irwanya ubukoko. Isaso ishakisha ubukoko ikoze muri aluminium ibuza inda  kugwa ku bihingwa. Igihe iyo saso itagira umumaro ni igihe ibihingwa bigaye cyane ku buryo birenga ku isaso.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |url=https://www.abbagospel.net/Akamaro-k-inyanya-ku-ruhu-rw-umuntu.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151336/https://www.abbagospel.net/Akamaro-k-inyanya-ku-ruhu-rw-umuntu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===  TUTA Absoluta === Tuta absoluta ni agakoko kangiza kibasira inyanya cyane cyane n’ibindi bihingwa byo mu muryango umwe n’inyanya (solanacea).<ref name=":12" /> ==== Ibimenyetso: ==== Tuta abusoluta yibasira cyane cyane amababi n’ibihimba. Ishobora kandi kuboneka munsi y’urugori rw’urubuto ndetse n’imbere rimwe na rimwe.Ubwone bukabije bw’aka gakoko butuma amababi yuma ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’igihingwa cyose  kikuma.<ref name=":13">https://umurengezi.com/huye-abahinzi-binyanya-barataka-igihombo-baterwa-no-kuziburira-isoko/</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya ==== Bayirwanya bakoresha imiti nka mamectin benzoate na Abamectin bayisimburanya kugira ngo irwanye udukoko dukuze n’ibyana cyangwa amagi yayo.<ref name=":13" /> === Gusarura inyanya === Igihe cyo kwera kiba gitandukanye, kuva ku minsi 55 kugeza ku minsi 105. Ni byiza gusarura imbuto zihishije neza ariko zigikomeye. Amoko menshi agira inyanya z`umutuku wijimye. Inyanya zasaruwe zigomba gushyirwa mu gicucu mu gipimo cy`ubushyuhe  kiri munsi ya dogere  25oC n'ubuhehere buri hagati ya 80-90%.Urumuri si ngombwa ku nyanya zeze imburagihe. Inyanya zikiri icyatsi zishobora gusarurwa zikazagurishwa haciyemo igihe.<ref name=":14">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-49984065</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/2018/12/03/rusizi-kutagira-isoko-rihoraho-bitera-igihombo-abahinzi-binyanya/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151346/https://www.intyoza.com/2018/12/03/rusizi-kutagira-isoko-rihoraho-bitera-igihombo-abahinzi-binyanya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gufata nabi inyama zimaze gusarurwa bishobora kwica ubwiza bwazo ku buryo bworoshye. Inyanya zasaruwe bisaba kuzitondera kugira ngo batazikomeretsa cyangwa ngo bazivange n`izangiritse. Ni byiza ko inyanya zisarurwa mu gihe igipimo cy`ubushyuhe ari cyiza nka mu gitondo cyangwa  nimugoroba. Umusaruro w`inyanya uratandukana bitewe n`ubwoko bwazo,bitewe n`uburyo zahinzwe n`uburyo zitawemo.<ref name=":14" /><ref>https://www.scoopernews.com/2023/02/22/akamaro-k-inyanya-mu-gikorwa-cyo-gutera-akabariro-hagati-y-abashakanye/39642069</ref> === Gufata neza umusaruro w'inyanya<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/menya-ibintu-11-bitangaje-nakamaro-kinyanya-ku-ruhu-ku-musatsi-no-ku-buzima-bwawe-95705</ref> === [[Dosiye:Heirloom tomatoes 20170602-AMS-PJK-0132 (35054884775).jpg|thumb|Kubiaka Inyanya]] Inyanya zigisarurwa ziba ziteguye guhita zigurishwa ako kanya.  N`ubwo inyanya zishyirwa mu mboga zipfa vuba, zimara iminsi itatu cyangwa ine zibistwe ku gipimo cy`ubushyuhe bwo mu cyumba zirimo, zikaba zamara iminsi irenga icyumweru mu cyuma gikonjesha. Zishobora guhita zitunganywa mu ruganda iyo zimaze gusukurwa. Inyanya zishobora kubikwa mu dukopo mu ruganda ruzitunganya kandi zikabasha kubikika igihe kinini. Urusukume rw`inyanya rukorwa mu nyanya zikiri nshya kandi zishobora kubikika mu gihe kinini gishoboka mu gakopo gafunze neza umwuka utinjiramo. Inyanya zibitse mu dukopo zishobora kubikika igihe gitandukanye bitewe n`aho zateganyirijwe gukoreshwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inyenyerinews.org/amakuru-2/i-kigali-nabakire-baratabaza-inyanya-zarahenze-kurusha-sositomate/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226151334/https://www.inyenyerinews.org/amakuru-2/i-kigali-nabakire-baratabaza-inyanya-zarahenze-kurusha-sositomate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umwezi.rw/?p=5139</ref> ==== Akamaro k'inyanya ==== 1.ZIRINDA INDWARA YA KANSERI 2.ZIFASHA MU KUGABANYA UMUVUDUKO W'AMARASO 3.ZIFASHISHWA N'UMUNTU USHAKA KU GUTAKAZA AMARASO <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/menya-ibintu-11-bitangaje-nakamaro-kinyanya-ku-ruhu-ku-musatsi-no-ku-buzima-bwawe-95705</ref> 4.ZIFASHA URUHU KUMERA NEZA NO KUGIRA UMUSATSI MWIZA...<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/menya-ibintu-11-bitangaje-nakamaro-kinyanya-ku-ruhu-ku-musatsi-no-ku-buzima-bwawe-95705</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] p2gn85zt7fwdbjbz3k630ex9o1knzvd Ibyabaye kuwa 12 Mutarama 0 7173 137231 125950 2026-09-15T13:55:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:One_Page_Calendar_2021.jpg|thumb|Mutarama bisobanuye ukwezi kwa mbere kugaragara ku indangaminsi izwi nka calendar mu indimi z'amahanga]] [[12 Mutarama|Umunsi wa 12 Mutarama]] ni umunsi umwe mu minsi igize ukwezi kwa 1 k'umwaka kwitwa [[Mutarama]] mu rurimi rw'[[Ikinyarwanda]] dukurikije indangaminsi ya Gregori ([[:en:Gregorian_calendar|Gregorian calendar]]) mu minsi 353 iba isigaye mu minsi igize umwaka na 354 muri [[:en:Leap_year|leap years]] == Ibyabaye (Events) == === Mbere ya 1600 === * [[:en:Zeno_(emperor)|475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno]] yirukanwe ku gahato kuva mu mujyi we [[:en:Constantinople|Constantinople]] hamwe na jenerale we, kuva icyo gihe [[:en:Basiliscus|Basiliscus]] yigarurira empire yose.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08852-1</ref> * [[:en:Gustav_Vasa|1528 – Gustav I of Sweden]] yagizwe [[Umwami]] wa Sweden, watangiye kuyobora kuva yatorwa muri [[kamena]] 1523.<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=Qv8zxie3A18C&redir_esc=y</ref> * [[:en:Bayinnaung|1554 – Bayinnaung]], uwarugiye guhuza ubwami bugari kurusha ubundi ([[:en:Toungoo_dynasty|the largest empire]]) mu mateka y'Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'iburengerazuba (Southeast Asia), yahise agirwa Umwami wa Burma ([[:en:List_of_Burmese_monarchs|King of Burma]]) <ref>https://www.uclmyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/4-Accounts-of-King-Bayinnaung.pdf</ref> === 1601 - 1900 === * [[:en:1616|1616]] – Umujyi wa [[:en:Belém|Belém]], Brazil yavumbuwe ku mugezi wa Amazon ([[:en:Amazon_River|Amazon River]]) delta n'umuportugale kapiteni [[:en:Francisco_Caldeira_Castelo_Branco|Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco]].<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=e2F7c0wW7g4C&redir_esc=y</ref> * [[:en:1792|1792]] – umufederaliste [[:en:Thomas_Pinckney|Thomas Pinckney]] yashyizeho umuministiri wa mbere w'umunyamerika ku bwongereza<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0131337459</ref> * [[:en:1808|1808]] – Imipango ya [[:en:John_Rennie_the_Elder|John Rennie]]' yo kurengera urusengero rwa [[:en:St_Mary's_Church,_Reculver|St Mary's Church, Reculver]] yo mu 669, kuva mu guturika kwa [[:en:Coastal_erosion|coastal erosion]] yatawe mu isenyuka, batitaye ko urusengero rwari intangarugeromu nyubako za [[:en:Anglo-Saxon_architecture|Anglo-Saxon architecture]] na sculpture.<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=st0RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1309&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> * 1808 – inama yateranye yo guhuza imigambi yabaye intandaro ryo kuvuka kwa sosiyete ya [[:en:Wernerian_Natural_History_Society|Wernerian Natural History Society]], biturutse kuri sosiyete y'Abanya scottish yari yabereye muri Edinburgh.<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=Ul4LAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref> * [[:en:1848|1848]] – habayeho the [[:en:Sicilian_revolution_of_1848|Palermo rising]] yabereye muri [[Siriya|Sicily]] ihanganye n'ubwami bubiri bwo muri sisiriya ([[:en:Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies|Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]).<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=zYLR_ewddRoC&redir_esc=y</ref> * [[:en:1866|1866]] – i london mu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]] hashinzwe sosiyete [[:en:Royal_Aeronautical_Society|Royal Aeronautical Society]] <ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/aeronautical-journal/article/special-issue-of-the-aeronautical-journal-marking-the-150th-anniversary-of-the-founding-of-the-royal-aeronautical-society/9906DAB3F1CB9164CF3BE59CCDCD0A3E</ref> * [[:en:1872|1872]] – [[:en:Yohannes_IV|Yohannes IV]] yagizwe umwami wa Empire ya [[:en:Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] mu murwa wa [[Axum]], niwo muhango wa mbere wo kwimika umwami wari uhambereye mu myaka irenga 200.<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=3VYBDgAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y</ref> * [[:en:1895|1895]] – nibwo mu bwami bw'[[ubwongereza]] (the united kingdom) hashinzwe [[:en:National_Trust|The National Trust]]<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=JFeKAgAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y</ref> == Amavuko == * [[Dosiye:Hande Yener (14).jpg|thumb|[[Hande Yener]] yavutse 12 Mutarama]][[1973]] – havutse [[Hande Yener]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutarama]] b61j2xzwrcjs2ysiwjauzwmkw5y2mly Akarere ka Gisagara 0 8024 137179 135934 2026-09-15T12:53:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gisagara| ]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|thumb]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q31827563}} Akarere ka Gisagara <ref>https://www.gisagara.gov.rw/</ref>ni kamwe mu turere 30 tugize Igihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]]. Aka karere kagizwe n'Imirenge 13, Utugali 59 ndetse n'Imidugudu 524, gaherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]], igizwe n'uturere 8. Mu majyepfo n’iburasirazuba, aka karere gahana imbibi n’igihugu cy’u [[Burundi]], naho mu majyaruguru gahana imbibi n’[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] , mu gihe Iburengerazuba gahana imbibi n’Uturere twa [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyaruguru]] na [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]].<ref>https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minecofin/Publications/REPORTS/National_Budget/District_Budget/2010-11_Budgets/GISAGARA.pdf</ref> === Imirenge === Aka karere kagizwe n'imirenge cumi n'itatu ariyo:Gikonko, Gishubi, Kansi, Kibirizi, Kigembe, Mamba, Muganza, Mugombwa, Mukindo, Musha, Ndora, Nyanza na Save. Iyi mirenge ni yo nzego z’imiyoborere zegerejwe abaturage, ikaba ifasha mu gutanga serivisi no guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage. === Utugali === [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] y’Akarere ka Gisagara igabanyijwemo utugari aritwo: Agahabwa, Akaboti, Baziro, Bukinanyana, Bweya, Bwiza, Cyamukuza, Cyiri, Cyumba, Dahwe, Duwani, Gabiro, Gakoma, Gasagara, Gatoki, Gatovukigembe, Gatovumusha, Gisagara, Gitega, Higiro, Impinga, Kabumbwe, Kibayi, Kibirizi, Kibu, Kigarama, Kimana, Mbogo, Mukande, Mukiza, Mukomacara, Munazi, Muyaga, Muyira, Nyabikenke, Nyabisagara, Nyabitare, Nyakibungo, Nyamugali, Nyaruteja, Nyeranzi, Ramba, Remera, Rubona, Runyinya, Rusagara, Ruturo, Rwamiko, Rwanza, Sabusaro, Saga, Shyanda, Umubanga, Umunini na Zivu. Utugari tugira uruhare rukomeye mu guhuza abaturage n’inzego z’imiyoborere ndetse no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda z’iterambere ku rwego rw’ibanze. == Ubukungu<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/kwamamaza/advertorials/rwanda/article/gisagara-abaturage-bahawe-inka-ibihumbi-36-mu-myaka-itanu</ref> == Ubukungu bw’Akarere ka Gisagara bwubakiye ahanini ku buhinzi n’[[Ubworozi mu Rwanda|ubworozi]], bikaba bishyigikiwe n’ishoramari mu bikorwaremezo bishya ndetse n’inganda zitunganya umusaruro. === 1. Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/Gisagara</ref> === * [[Ubuhinzi]] bw’[[Ibigori]] n’[[Umuceli|Umuceri]]: aka kareregafite ibishanga bigari (nk’icya Kibugazi) bihingwaho ibigori n’umuceri ku buso bunini mu bihembwe bitandukanye by’ihinga. * Inyongeramusaruro n'[[Ikoranabuhanga mu amashuri|Ikoranabuhanga]]: Abahinzi begerezwa imbuto z’indobanure n’ifumbire binyuze mu itandukanyirizo ry’ubucuruzi (agro-dealers) ngo bongere umusaruro ku buso buto. * Gahunda y'[[Ubworozi mu Rwanda|Ubworozi]]: Mu rwego rwo kurwanya ubukene no kongera umusaruro w'amata, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda nka Girinka ryafashije abaturage benshi gukurwa mu bukene bukabije no kubona amafaranga. Inganda n’Ubukerarugendo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gisagara.gov.rw/default-title-9/abayobozi-bakarere-abajyanama-nabafatanyabikorwa-mu-mwiherero-wiminsi-itatu-i-karongi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260623110253/https://www.gisagara.gov.rw/default-title-9/abayobozi-bakarere-abajyanama-nabafatanyabikorwa-mu-mwiherero-wiminsi-itatu-i-karongi |url-status=dead }}</ref>: ** Ugutunga Umusaruro: Hari inganda nto n’iziciriritse zitunganya umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi (nk'inganda z'umuceri). ** Ikiraro n'Ubuhahirane: Kubaka ibiraro bishya byo mu kirere (nk’icyo ku mugezi wa Kabogobogo) byafashije mu gukuraho inzitizi z’ubuhahirane hagati y’imirenge nka Mugombwa na Kansi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} gr9jeae5b01vt9my2m5ixbbowy4gvj1 Jean de Dieu Habimana 0 8108 137787 77613 2026-09-15T18:12:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[HABIMANA Jean de Dieu]] to [[Jean de Dieu Habimana]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 77613 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Engineers_at_the_Construction_Site_07.jpg|thumb|HABIMANA Jean Dieu n'inzobere mubyubwubatsi bw'amashuri mu Karere ka Gakenke.]] HABIMANA Jean Dieu School Construction Engineer in Gakenke District Bsc in Civil Engineering From National University of Rwanda Born on 8th/10/1983 in Cyabingo sector/Gakenke District From 1990 to 1999 Kamisave Primary School From 1999 to 2002 O' level Kagogo Secondary School From 2002 to 2005 A' level in Math-Phys at Musanze Sciences School From 15/04/2006- 2/10/2006 Teacher of physics and mathematics in Kagogo Secondary school From January 2007 to September 2007 EPLM In National University of Rwanda From January 2008 to October 2011 Applied Sciences in National University of Rwanda where I got bsc in Civil Engineering from December 2012 to July 2015 work in Rwanda Education Board as school Construction Engineer in Burera District under contract From October 2015 to August 2016 work in Burera District as School Construction Engineer under Contract From 1/09/2016 up now work in Gakenke District as School Construction Engineer under status dy1dkacdegetnc3oabv4xb93zn4cgrh Akarere ka Rulindo 0 8265 137164 135899 2026-09-15T12:40:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q2424625}} == Akarere ka Rulindo == Akarere ka Rulindo ni kamwe mu Turere dutanu (5) tugize [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] y’u [[Rwanda]], gahana imbibi n'Uturere twa [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]] na [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] two mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]]; [[Akarere ka  Kamonyi]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]], [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] n'Akarere ka Burera two mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru. Akarere ka Rulindo gafite ubuso bungana na Km2 567, kakaba gafite Imirenge 17, [[Akagari|utugari]] 71 n’imidugudu 494; gatuwe n’Abaturage 360,144 muri bo harimo [[Umugore|abagore]] 188,295 n'abagabo 171,849. ubucucike bw’abaturage (Population density) ni 635 kuri  Km2 imwe. [[Dosiye:Rulindo_farmer.jpg|thumb|Umuhinzi wa Rulindo ]] '''Akarere ka Rulindo kagizwe n'imirenge 17;''' [[Dosiye:RulindoDist.png|thumb|Akarere kaRulindo]] 1 Kisaro:Umurenge wa Kisaro ufite Sugaring dutandatu BUTUNZI,REBERO,MAREMBO,KAREGAMAZI,KIGARAMA ndetse na GITATSA 2 Buyoga:Umurenge wa Buyoga ufite Utugari turindwi (7) aritwo:KARAMA,BUSORO,MWUMBA,GITUMBA,BUTARE,NDARAGE naGAHORORO 3 Masoro:Umurenge wa Masoro ufite Utugari dutanu ( 5) aritwo KABUGA,SHENGAMPULI,KIVUGIZA,KIGARAMA na NYAMYUMBA 4 Kinihira:Umurenge wa Kinihira ufite Utugari tune (4)   aritwo 5 Rusiga 6 Ntarabana 7 Burega:Umurenge wa Burega ufite Utugari 3 aritwo:BUTANGAMPUNDU,TABA na KARENGERI 8 [[Umurenge wa Bushoki|Bushoki]]:Umurenge wa Bushoki ufite Utugari 5 aritwo:GASIZA,MUKOTO,GIKO,KAYENZI na NYIRANGARAMA 9 [[Umurenge wa Murambi|Murambi]] 10 Ntarabana 11 Rukozo 12 Base:Umurenge wa Base ufite Utugari 3 aritwo:CYOHOHA,GITARE na RWAMAHWA 13 Rulindo 14 Shyoron * * Ibiro by'umurenge wa kisaro biherereye mu mudugudu wa kibigwe <u>IGISHUSHANYO MBONERA CYA RULINDO</u> * Imirenge17 * Utugari 71 * Imidugudu494 km2 * A baturage360144 * Ubucucike635km2 <u>Igishushanyo mbonera cya rulindo</u> gi 15 Tumba 16 cyinzuzi:Umurenge wa Cyinzuzi ufite Utugari 3  aritwo:BUDAKIRANYA,RUDOGO,na,MIGENDEZO<ref>rulindo</ref> 17 Cyungo:Umurenge wa Cyungo ufite Utugari 3 aritwo:BUREHE,MAREMBO,na,RWIRI <u>Umurenge wa kisaro ;</u> Abaturage b'umurenge wa kisaro batunzwe ahanini n ubuhinzi n ubworozi aho twageze ni mu kagari ka '''Kigarama''' Mu mudugudu wa '''Nyantabo''' twahasanze uwitwa '''MUGABE JEAN. D'amour''' UYU yatubwiye ko abona kisaro muri make "Mubyukuri kisaro iri gutera imbere ugereranije na mbere gusa bongere ibikorwa remezo kd bahe uburenganzira abaturage bakore ibibateza imbere. <u>IBIKORWA REMEZO BYO MURI RULINDO</u> * Ibiraro byo mukirere * Amacumbi * Amabagiro [[Dosiye:Dracaena Massangeana.jpg|thumb]] * ibyumba byamashuri woerkshop[[Dosiye:IKIRENGE cultural center.jpg|thumb|rulindo stat]][[Dosiye:Inside of Rwanda cultural house.jpg|thumb|rulindo museum]]<u>ibiro byimirenge</u> * inganda * amavuriro * <u>AKAMARO KIBIKORWA REMEZO MU KARERE KA RULINDO</u> *bidufasha mu kongera ubumenyi ** bidufasha mu kugirango tubone aho turara *** bidufasha mu buzima ****bidufasha mu kubona ibyo turya <u>UBUCUKUZI BWA MABUYE YAGACIRO MU KARERE KA RULINDO;</u> ****hari abatawe muri yombi mukarere ka rulindo bashinzwa gucukura amabuye yagacina na ruhushya bahawe ****Aba batawe muri yombi ubwo hamenyekanaga ko mu Mudugudu wa Gasenga, Akagari ka Kivugiza mu Murenge wa Masoro, hari abantu bakora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro butemewe, Polisi ifatanyije n’izindi nzego barabikurikirana kugeza bafatiwe mu cyuho. Umuvugizi wa Polisi mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, SP Jean Bosco Mwiseneza, yemeje aya makuru, avuga ko bafatiwe mu bikorwa bya Polisi byo kurwanya ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Yagize ati "Batanu muri bariya bafashwe bari binjiye muri iyo myobo mu gihe cya saa kumi za mu gitondo baza kuvamo saa cyenda z’umugoroba. Bavuga ko batinzemo bitewe n’uko bagezemo bagasanga harimo gaz, babura umwuka uhagije wo guhumeka ku bw’amahirwe ntihagira uhaburira ubuzima." Yakomeje agira ati "Gucukura amabuye y’agaciro bikorwa n’uwabiherewe uruhushya n’inzego zibishinzwe kandi bikorerwa ahemewe hadashyira ubuzima bw’ababukora mu kaga cyangwa ngo hangize ibidukikije, abakomeje kubwishoramo bose bazafatwa bakurikiranwe n’amategeko.” Iyo myobo bari baracukuye ituruka mu nzu ikambukiranya umuhanda, igahinguka mu mugezi aho bageraga ku mabuye y’agaciro ya gasegereti. Mubyo bafatanywe harimo amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Gasegereti apima ibilo bibiri n’ibikoresho bifashishaga bacukura birimo imitarimba itatu, ibitiyo bitanu, ibikarayi bibiri n’ibindi. Itegeko N° 58/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 rigenga ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro na kariyeri, Ingingo ya 54 ivuga ko umuntu wese ushakashaka, ucukura, utunganya, ucuruza amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa kariyeri nta ruhushya, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi abiri ariko kitarenze amezi atandatu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni 1 Frw ariko atarenze miliyoni 5 Frw cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano.[[Dosiye:Burmese Traditional Silver and Gold Cup.jpg|thumb|amabuye yagaciro]]Urukiko rutegeka kandi ubunyagwe bw’amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa kariyeri byafatiriwe biri mu bubiko, bicuruzwa cyangwa bitunganywa nta ruhushya. ****[[Dosiye:Uncle Sam Diamond (cropped).jpg|thumb|diamond]]<u>UBUKUNGU MU MABUYE YA GACIRO MU KARERE KA RULINDO</u> ****muri rulindo buri mwaka hava toni 1000 rero ayo mabuye agira aho aturuka urugero: Ikirombe cy’amabuye y’agaciro cya Nyakabingo giherereye mu Karere ka Rulindo mu Murenge wa Shyorongi, ni cyo cya mbere muri Afurika gicukurwamo amabuye menshi azwi nka ‘Wolfram’.[[Dosiye:Princess cut diamond, Boise Diamonds - 4750705838, cropped.jpg|thumb|diamond]]Buri mwaka iki kirombe gicukurwamo Wolfram irenga toni 1000. Biteganyijwe ko mu myaka ine iri imbere uwo musaruro uzaba warikubye kabiri. Wolfram ni amabuye y’agaciro atunganywamo ibyuma bikomeye cyane bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi, mu ndege, mu bifaru, mu byogajuru, mu gukora imbunda, amasasu n’ibindi bikoresho bikenera ibyuma bikomeye. Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Mine, Peteroli na Gaz (RMB) rwatangaje ko byibuze ku cyumweru u Rwanda rwohereza mu mahanga Wolfram ipima toni 24. Ayo mabuye y’agaciro acukurwa na Sosiyete y’Ubucukuzi bw’Amabuye y’Agaciro ya Trinity Metals Group, ikuramo agatubutse, ku buryo kontineri imwe ishobora kugeza ku bihumbi 350$. Ni wolfram yoherezwa mu mahanga itunganyijwe ku kigero cya 68% kuko mu Rwanda nta ruganda ruhari rushobora kuyikuramo cya cyuma cya nyuma. Iyo igejejwe mu mahanga yongererwa agaciro ku rugero rwa 99,999% ikavamo icyuma. Wolfram ya Nyakabingo yoherezwa muri Autriche, igakundirwa umwimerere ifite, aho nko mu 2024 hoherejwe toni 1107. Ubushakashatsi ku mabuye y’agaciro yo muri ibi bice bwatangiye mu 1930, ubucukuzi bweruye butangira mu 1949, nyuma mu 2022 ibigo byacukuraga amabuye y’agaciro i Nyakabingo, i Musha n’i Rutongo bihindurwamo Trinity Metals Group. Iki kirombe gifite ubuvumo butanu, ubwa kure bukaba bugeze kuri metero 800 butambika mu musozi, na metero 120 zimanuka mu kuzimu. Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Trinity Nyakabingo, Uwiringiyimana Justin, yagaragaje ko iki gice kirimo amabuye menshi ku buryo biteganywa ko yazamara imyaka myinshi bayacukura. Ati “Hejuru hariya mbakuye ni ku butumburuke bwa metero 2000 uvuye hasi mu kibaya. Aha mbagejeje ni ku butumburuke bwa metero 1700, izo metero 300 zose twazicukuyemo. Amabuye arahari nta n’aho ateze kujya. Duteganya ko turamutse ducukuye kuri uru rugero turiho tuzacukura imyaka 48.” Trinity Nyakabingo ni kimwe mu bigo bikorana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, aho usanga ubuvumo (indani) ari bugari, hari imashini zitwarwa n’abakozi zijya gukura ayo mabuye iyo kure, zikayazana imusozi, ibyuma bitanga umwuka, ibikurura amazi y’imbere mu musozi kugira ngo atabuza abantu kucukura, n’ibindi bikoresho bigezweho bigabanya impanuka. Nk’ubu amezi arindwi ari gushira, i Nyakabingo bataragira impanuka (lost time injury) ituma umuntu ashobora gusiba akazi umunsi. Trinity Nyakabingo ifite abakozi bagera ku 2000 ihemba byibuze imishahara y’arenga ibihumbi 700$ buri kwezi. Niragire Claudine, umubyeyi w’umwana umwe na we akorera muri iki kigo, aho aba ashinzwe gukura umusaruro mu mucanga, avuga ko akazi kamufatiye runini mu mibereho ye ya buri munsi. Ati “Nishyurira umwana ishuri, nkizigama, ngatunga urugo, nkiyitaho n’ibindi. Iyi mirimo nayigiye hano mpambwa amahugurwa, ndabimenya.” Uretse abakozi kandi iki kigo kigura ibikoresho bitandukanye bifasha mu bucukuzi imbere mu gihugu na byo bishobora kugera kuri miliyoni 1$, ayo mafaranga bakayakoresha biteza imbere. Umuyobozi w’Ishami rya RMB rishinzwe ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ubugenzuzi bwayo, Nsengumuremyi Donat, yavuze ko mu Rwanda hari umurongo ubonekamo Wolfram (Tungsten Belt), uhera i Mageragere mu Mujyi wa Kigali, ukambuka i Rulindo, ugakomeza i Gifurwe no mu Bugarama muri Burera. Ati “Uwo ni wo murongo munini cyane ubonekamo amabuye ya wolfram menshi. Ahandi tuyigira ni mu Karere ka Rutsiro na Gatsibo.” Nsengimana yavuze ko u Rwanda rwihagije ku mabuye ku bwinshi no ku bwiza, akavuga ko hafi igihugu cyose, ni ukuvuga mu turere 28 hagaragaye ibimenyetso by’amabuye y’agaciro atandukanye, ndetse muri utwo turere turimo ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi. Yavuze ko nubwo u Rwanda rukataje mu gucukura, ntaho ruragera kuko mu gihe ibindi bihugu bigeze ku bilometero nka bibiri munda y’Isi, u Rwanda rutaragera no ku kilometero kimwe. Ati “U Rwanda rufite amabuye y’agaciro, kuko ruherereye mu gice abarizwamo (Kibara Belt), ndetse rukaba hagati yacyo. Ni igice kiva muri Tanzania kikanyura mu Rwanda kigakomeza mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC kigakomeza muri Uganda. Niba turi hagati bivuze turi mu izingiro ryayo. Haracyari imyaka myinshi yo gucukura.” Trinity Nyakabingo iteganya ko mu myaka ya vuba, izaba yashyizeho uruganda rutunganya toni 50 ku isaha z’umucanga uva imbere mu buvumo, kugira ngo na Wolfram itakara yose ibyazwe umusaruro. Iki kigo cyanitaye ku byo kubungabunga ibidukikije kuko amazi y’imvura aturuka mu buvumo akusanywa agashyirwa mu rugomero rwabugenewe, agatunganywa akongera gukoreshwa mu kazi. Kugeza ubu Trinity Metals Group muri rusange imaze gushora miliyoni 40$ mu birombe byayo birimo icya Nyakabingo, Musha icukurwamo gasegereti, coltan na lithium (ikiri gukorwaho ubushakashatsi), na Rutongo, icukurwamo amabuye ya gasegereti. Iki kigo gifite abakozi bakabakaba 700, kigakorera ubucukuzi ku buso bwa hegitari 17.294. Mu 2024 Trinity Metals Group yohereje mu mahanga amabuye angana na toni 2.226 ya Wolfram, gasegereti na coltan, mu 2029 ikaba iteganya ko izaba yohereza mu mahanga angana na toni 5.201. Ubu u Rwanda rwatanze impushya zigera ku 150 zirimo abacukura amabuye, abayatunganya n’abandi. Mu Ugushyingo 2023 RMB yatangaje ko amabuye y’agaciro yoherejwe mu mahanga mu 2023 yinjirije u Rwanda asaga miliyari 1.1$, avuye kuri miliyoni 772 z’Amadorali ya Amerika, bigaragaza izamuka rya 43.0%. Ni umusaruro wagizwemo uruhare na Wolfram kuko mu mezi atatu ya nyuma ya 2023, nko mu Ukwakira 2023 hoherejwe Wolfram ingana n’ibilo 182.099, yinjiza 2.293.588$. Mu kwezi kwakurikiyeho umusaruro wiyongereyeho gato kuko hoherejwe ku isoko mpuzamahanga ibilo 183.395 byinjirije igihugu 2.296.577$, mu gihe mu Ukuboza 2023 aya mabuye yakomeje kwiyongera agera ku bilo 274,493 byinjije Amadorali ya Amerika 3.298.468. RMB igaragaza ko ibikorwa byo kongerera agaciro amabuye y’agaciro no kohereza ku isoko mpuzamahanga ubwoko butandukanye ari imwe mu ntwaro zizatuma amafaranga rwinjiza agera kuri miliyari 1,3$ mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/dutemberane-nyakabingo-ya-rulindo-mine-ya-mbere-icukurwamo-wolfram-nyinshi-muri</ref>wa 2024/2025. ***<u>amakuru ajyanye n'imyidagaduro mu karere ka rulindo</u> ***Imikino y’uyu munsi ubanza yabereye muri Gymnase ya NPC Rwanda iherereye i Remera, iruhande rwa Stade Amahoro. Musanze imaze imyaka ibiri igaragaza ko ikomeye, yongeye kubishimangira itsinda Bugesera amanota 36-0 na Nyarugenge 6-0 mu gihe Rulindo yatsinze Muhanga 8-2 na Rutsiro 6-2. Muhanga yatsinze Nyarugenge amanota 6-2, Rutsiro itsinda Gakenke 5-4, Huye itsinda Rwamagana 8-6 mbere y’uko na yo itsindwa na Gakenke 8-2. Perezida wa NPC Rwanda, Murema Jean Baptiste, yavuze ko mu mpera z’iki cyumweru ari bwo hatangiye umwaka w’imikino wa 2024/25 mu marushanwa arimo aya Boccia na Sitball. Yakomeje agira ati “Twitezemo byinshi byiza: Icya mbere ni uko hari imikino izongera amakipe kubera ko ni cyo cy’ngenzi dushaka. Muri Boccia amakipe yariyongereye ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize. Kugeza ubu tugeze ku makipe icyenda, bivuze ko hajemo abana bashya bagiye gukina uyu mukino. Ari na yo ntego yacu.” Ku bijyanye n’ibibuga, Murema yavuze ko bishimiye kongera gukinira muri Gymnase ya NPC yavuguruwe, yongeraho “bizongera umusaruro w’abakinnyi kuko bakina bicaye, bisaba gukinira ahantu heza.” Umuyobozi w’Ishyirahamwe ry’Umukino wa Boccia mu Rwanda, Sekarema Jean Paul, yavuze ko intego binjiranye muri uyu mwaka w’imikino mushya ari ugukuraho imbogamizi ku bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe ariko bigendanye n’ingingo. Agaruka ku igabanuka ry’amakipe yigeze kuba 13 mbere y’icyorezo cya COVID-19, Sekarema yavuze ko “bijyana n’ubukangurambaga n’ubushake bw’uturere dushyiraho amakipe”. Yongeyeho ko bashaka guteza imbere uyu mukino ku buryo hari abahagararira u Rwanda mu Mikino Paralempike ya 2028 izabera i Los Angeles muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Umwaka w’imikino watangiye muri Boccia, uzaba ugizwe n’ibyiciro bine aho icya nyuma kizakinwa mu Ukuboza. Muri Shampiyona ya 2023, Igikombe cya Shampiyona cyegukanywe n’Ikipe ya Musanze yari igitwaye ku nshuro ya kabiri yikurikiranya. '''Boccia ikinwa gute?''' Boccia ni umukino ukinwa n’abakinnyi bafite ubumuga bukomatanyije. Bakina bicaye aho buri umwe aba ahatana no kwegereza agapira ku mupira uba uri mu kibuga bita ‘Jack’. Impande zombi zishobora gukina umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa nk’ikipe aho buri kipe itanga abakinnyi batatu. Mu gukina umuntu ku giti cye, abakinnyi bane bashobora gukina mu gihe mu buryo bw’ikipe abakinnyi baba ari batandatu ubateranyije. Mu gushaka kwegereza udupira ku mupira uba uri mu kibuga, buri ruhande rukina imipira itandatu yaba umutuku cyangwa ubururu. Nyuma y’uko buri ruhande rukinnye imipira yarwo, umukinnyi cyangwa ikipe ifite imipira iri hafi ya Jack, ihabwa inota rimwe kongeraho inota rimwe kuri buri mupira uri hafi ya Jack kurusha uw’uwo bahanganye. Nyuma, amanota yose aregeranywa hakarebwa ufite amanota menshi akaba ari we utsinda umukino nyirizina. Umukino wa Boccia watangiye ukinwa n’abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mutwe ariko nyuma hongerwamo n’abandi bafite ubumuga bw’ingingo. Mu 2016 ni bwo Komite y’Igihugu y’Imikino y’Abantu bafite Ubumuga (NPC Rwanda) yatangije Shampiyona y’uyu <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/musanze-na-rulindo-zatangiye-neza-shampiyona-ya-boccia-ya-2024-25-amafoto</ref>mukino mu Rwanda. ahasanga abantu bose baba batuye muri rulindo usangababa bakurikiye umupira w'amaguru<center></center>[[Dosiye:Gusura Ikigo ndangamuco cya Ikirena ni urugendo rutangaje mu mateka y'u Rwanda n'umurage ndangamuco. Ahantu haherereye mu Murenge wa Rusiga, mu Karere ka Rulindo, hafi y’umuhanda wa Kigali-Musanze,.jpg|thumb]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Rulindo| ]] s3t1sfv9y25g560z0qasrtg4iywtfvr Akarere ka Kamonyi 0 8337 137168 134424 2026-09-15T12:41:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137168 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibiro by'akarere ka Kamonyi.jpg|thumb|ibiro by'akarere ka kamonyi]] [[Dosiye:KamonyiDist.png|thumb]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q2424592}} '''Kamonyi''' ni kamwe mu turere mirongo itatu (30) tugize U [[Rwanda]], kamwe mu turere 8 tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'Amajyepfo]]. Aka Karere karere gafite ubuso magana tandatu mirongwitanu na gatanu n'ibice bitanu (655.5 Km2) kagizwe n'imirenge cumi n'ibiri (12); [[Akagari|utugari]] mirongo itanu n'icyenda (59) ndetse n'[[imidugudu]] magana atatu na cumi n'irindwi (317). Ibiro by'Akarere byubatse mu Mudugudu wa Ryabitana, Akagari ka Gahinga, Murenge wa Gacurabwenge.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kamonyi.gov.rw/default-39a8deacce |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-01-19 |archive-date=2025-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925181539/https://www.kamonyi.gov.rw/default-39a8deacce |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu majyaruguru ashyira Iburasirazuba bw'aka karere, gahana imbibi n'[[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]]. Mu majyepfo yako, gahana imbibi n'Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]], mu Burengerazuba bwako hari akarere ka [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Muhanga]] ndetse m Burasirazuba bwako gahana imbibi n'akarere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]].<ref name=":0" /> Aka karere kazwiho imisozi itoshye n’ubutaka bwera, bikagirira akamaro urwego rw'ubuhinzi. === Imirenge igize Akarere ka Kamonyi === Akarere ka Kamonyi kagabanyijemo '''imirenge cumi n'ibiri (12)''': # '''Gacurabwenge''' # '''Karama''' # '''Kayenzi''' # '''Kayumbu''' # '''Mugina''' # '''Musambira''' # '''Ngamba''' # '''Nyamiyaga''' # '''Nyarubaka''' # '''Rugarika''' # '''Rukoma''' # '''Runda''' === Ubukungu n’Ubuhinzi === Ubukungu bwa Kamonyi bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi n'ubworozi, aho abaturage bahinze ibihingwa birimo: Ikawa, Imineke, Ibishyimbo, Ibigori, Imyumbati , imbuto n'imboga zihingwa mu bishanga bigize aka karere. Ikawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu bikomeye bihingwa muri aka karere. Ubworozi bukorerwa mu karere ka Kamonyi, bwiganjemo ubw’inka zitanga amata n’inyama. Kubera ko gaherereye hafi ya [[Umujyi wa Kigali|'''Kigali''',]] ubucuruzi n’iterambere ry’ubukungu biri gutera imbere cyane. === Agaciro k’Amateka n’Umuco === [[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial13.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kamonyi]] Akarere ka Kamonyo gafite ahantu nyaburanga nahabumbatiye amateka y'ubukoroni ndetse nayo mu gihe cy'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda. Gafite kandi ahantu habumbatiye amateka akomeye ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, harimo Inzibutso za jenoside ndetse naho kwigishiriza amateka ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. == Ubukerarugendo n’Ahantu Nyaburanga == * '''Uruzi rwa Rukarara:''' Ni ahantu nyaburanga h’umwihariko hateye neza kandi hashobora kwifashishwa mu bukerarugendo muri aka karere. * '''Imidugudu ya Gakondo''': hari ahantu hakigaragara uburyo bugaragaza imibereho y'abanyarwanda mu gihe cya kera. * '''Insengero za kera n’inyubako za gikoloni''': Hari zimwe mu nyubako za kera zifite amateka yihariye. * [[Dosiye:Ijuru rya Kamonyi.jpg|thumb|Ijuru rya Kamonyi risurwa cyane na bamukerarugendo]][[Dosiye:Ikirenge cya Mazimpaka.jpg|thumb|Urutare rwo ku Ijuru rya Kamonyi rugaragaraho ikirenge cya Yuhi III Mazimpaka]]'''Ijuru rya Kamonyi:''' Inteko y'Umuco n'Ururimi yashyize aha hantu mu hantu ndangamateka kuko hatuye abami benshi b'u Rwanda kugira ngo ayo mateka atazibagirana. Ijuru rya Kamonyi hari mu murwa w'Umwami Yuhi III Mazimpaka wari uhafite inzu ndende yitaga umuturirwa. Ubu ni mu Mudugudu wa Juru.<ref name=":1">[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/nk-uko-kigali-today-igenda-ibagezaho-amateka?utm_source=chatgpt.com Menya inkomoko y’izina ‘Ijuru rya Kamonyi’ - Kigali Today]</ref> Nyuma y'itanga ry'Umwami Yuhi III Mazimpaka, ku Kamonyi hatuye abandi bami barimo Yuhi IV Gahindiro, Urugo rwe rwari i Rubona muri aka Karere, aho yarafite ubushyo bw'inka bwo mu mutwe witwaga Umuriro II.<ref name=":1" /> Abandi bami batuye muri aka karere ni Mutara II Rwogera, [[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri|Kigeri IV Rwabugiri]] wanahijihirije umganura mu 1883, ndetse na [[Yuhi V Musinga]] nawe wahizihirije umuganura inshuro imwe ndetse akahakirira Kapiteni Ramsay. Umwami Yuhi V Musinga yaje mu Ijuru rya Kamoni avuye Runda, nayo ya Kamonyi. ==== 6. Uburezi n’Ibikorwaremezo ==== Kamonyi ifite uburezi bukomeje gutera imbere''',''' harimo [[Amashuri y' incuke mu Rwanda|amashuri]] abanza, ayisumbuye, n’ibigo by’imyuga. Aka karere gafite imihanda ifasha mu itumanaho, irimo igahuza n'umujyi wa Kigali ndetse n’utundi turere tugakikije. Akarere ka Kamonyi gakomeje gutera imbere mu myubakire.<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/kamonyi-ugura-cyangwa-ugurisha-ikibanza-muri-site-z-imiturire-azajya-abanza-kwishyura-ibihumbi-250frw Kamonyi: Ugura cyangwa ugurisha ikibanza muri site z’imiturire azajya abanza kwishyura ibihumbi 250Frw - Kigali Today]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] cyw2koq8wus95imd4kp97yq4zvox2w9 Akarere ka Bugesera 0 8387 137156 136229 2026-09-15T12:34:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137156 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bugesera_district_map.jpg|alt=|thumb|289x289px|Ikarita y'akarere ka Bugesera ]] '''Bugesera''' ni Akarere kamwe mu turere mirongo itatu (30) tugize [[igihugu]] cy'u [[Rwanda]], kamwe muri 7 tugize I[[ntara y’Iburasirazuba]], ndetse gaaherereye ahagana mu majyepfo ashyira iburasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Aka karere gahana imbibi n'igihugu cy'abaturanyi cy'u Burundi ndetse ku ruhande rw' u Rwanda, gahana imbibi n'uturere nka [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma,]] [[Rwamagana]], [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]], [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]], [[Kamonyi District|Kamonyi]], [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]], ndetse na [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]]. [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] gafite ubuso bungana 450 km2 gatuwe n'[[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] bagera kuri 551 103.(ibarura rusange ry'abaturage ryo muri 2022)<ref>[https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere Menya Akarere]</ref>.Akakarere gafite ubucucike bw'abaturage 1337 batuye kuri Km2. Bugesera igabanyijemo imirenge cumi n'itanu (15) [[Akagari|utugari]] 72,n'imidugudu 581<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Akarere ka Bugesera ni akarere karimo gutera imbere kuburyo bugaragara. Umutekano ugaragara muri kano karere uri muri bimwe bikurura abashoramari kuhashyira ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa. Twavuga nk'umushoramari wo muri Leta ya [[Qatar Airways|Qatar]], wemeye gushora imari mu mushinga wo kubaka ikibuga mpuzamahanga cy'indege.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|[[Rwanda]]]][[File:Palast_Rock_Hotel_located_in_Nyamata,_Bugesera_District1.jpg|alt=|thumb|Hoteli Palast Rock iherereye Nyamata, mu karere ka Bugesera]] Kubera umutekano urangwa muri kano Karere, inzego zose zirangwamo iterambere rishimishije: Inyubako zigendanye n'igishushanyo mbonera, amashuri meza mu byiciro byose, amavuriro meza,amahoteli yujuje ibisabwa kuburyo abagenderera kano Karere ntacyo bahabura.<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akarere_ka_Bugesera&veaction=edit</ref> Ikindi gishimishije muri kano karere ni iyubakwa ry'ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga, kizunganira icyari gisanzwe giherereye mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. Aka karere kubatswemo Kandi inzibutso zishyinguwemo imibiri y'abazize jeniside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akarere_ka_Bugesera&veaction=edit</ref>karere ka Bugesera kagizwe n'Utugari mirongo irindwi na tubiri (72), Urwego rw'Akagari ni uRwego ruyoborwa n'Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Akagali, Afatanyije n'Ushinzwe Imibereho Myiza, ndetse n'iterambere -SEDO (Social Economic Development Officer), nirwo rwego rwegereye abaturage, rukaba rushinzwe cyane cyane ubukangurambaga mu buhinzi, ubworozi, ubuzima, ndetse na gahunda za Leta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w'Akagari akorana bya hafi n'inzego zatowe n'abaturage cyane Njyanama, abashinzwe ubuzima n'abandi bashobora gufasha mu iterambere rusange ry'Abaturage. == Imirenge == Akarere ka Bugesera kagabanijwemo [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 15 : [[Gashora]], [[Umurenge wa Juru|Juru]], [[Umurenge wa Kamabuye|Kamabuye]], [[Umurenge wa Ntarama|Ntarama]], [[Umurenge wa Mareba|Mareba]], [[Umurenge wa Mayange|Mayange]], [[Umurenge wa Musenyi|Musenyi]], [[Umurenge wa Mwogo|Mwogo]], [[Umurenge wa Ngeruka|Ngeruka]], [[Umurenge wa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Umurenge wa Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]], [[Umurenge wa Rilima|Rilima]], [[Umurenge wa Ruhuha|Ruhuha]], [[Umurenge wa Rweru|Rweru]] na [[Umurenge wa Shyara|Shyara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Menya Bugesera |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |website=bugesera.gov.rw |accessdate=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Nyabarongo_River_Scene_with_Bugesera_Marshes_-_Outside_Kigali_-_Rwanda_-_01_(7679548058).jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Nyabarongo uhereye mu Bugesera mu nyengero za Kigali]] == Ibikorwa remezo == [[Dosiye:INDEGE1.jpg|thumb|Bugesera]] Ubu akarere ka Bugesera kashyizwe muturere twunganira kigali,kubera ko gafite ibikorwa remezo harimo ikibuga cy' indenge cya Bugesera kiri kubakwa m'umrenge wa Rilima.<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akarere_ka_Bugesera&veaction=edit</ref> Muri aka karere harimo inganda zitandukanye twavuga nka [[Imana]] Steel Rwanda uruganda rukora ibyuma byubwubatsi.Uru ruganda rw'aubatse mu murenge wa Gashora<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> mu akagari ka gasaga.Mumurenge wa ntarama naho hubatsemo uruganda rukora amasabune ndetse n'impapuro z'isuku.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502214410/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/default-05333b7a14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Serivisi z'amazi === Si ibyo gusa kuko mu umurenge wa Nyarugenge<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> mu Akarere ka bugesera huzuye ibikorwa remezo byatwaye asaga miliyoni<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> 750 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda,birimo umuyoboro wa amazi ungana na kilometero 28,2 witezwe ho guha amazi abaturage basaga 11,400 b'uwo murenge<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> utuwemo n'ababarirwa<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> mu ibihumbi 25.Uretse ibyo muri uwo murenge huzuye ibigega 2 kimwe gifite metero<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> kibe100 ikindi gifite metero kibe 25.Hubatswe kandi amavomo 27 ndetse hasanwa andi 7 yari yarangiritse<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-huzuye-ibikorwa-remezo-byisuku-nisukura-bya-miliyoni-750-frw/</ref> === Serivisi z'umuriro === Amashanyarazi muri aka karere ari kukigero kiza kuko abasaga kimwe cya kabiri cyabaturage batuye muri aka karere bafite umuriro mungo zabo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ingo-292-zabonye-umuriro-wamashrazi-muri-musenyi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-01 |archive-date=2026-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118044913/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ingo-292-zabonye-umuriro-wamashrazi-muri-musenyi |url-status=dead }}</ref> ndetse naho bakorera,ikindi kandi abatarawubona bizeye kuwubona bitarenze uyu mwaka kuko ibikorw byo kubaka umuyoboro wayo bigeze kuri 25%.Abaturage batarabona umuriro w'amashanyarazi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ingo-292-zabonye-umuriro-wamashrazi-muri-musenyi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-01 |archive-date=2026-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118044913/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ingo-292-zabonye-umuriro-wamashrazi-muri-musenyi |url-status=dead }}</ref> bakoresha imirasire. === Imihanda === [[Dosiye:BugeseraMap.jpg|thumb|Bugesera District]] Muri aka karere harimo imihanda myiza cyane y'ifashishwa mu itumanaho.Ahantu henshi muri aka karere harimo imihanda ya kaburimbo.Imwe muri iyo mihanda harimo umuhanda<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyamata-mu-mezi-umunani-imihanda-itandukanye-izaba-irimo-kaburimbo</ref> uva kuri kaburimbo y'imbere y'ikigo cy'urubyiruko cyabugesera,ukanyura munsi y'ikigondera buzima cya Nyamata,ukanyura kuri cafe`-Nyamata akagera kuri sitasiyo ya lisansi ya Rubis kumuhanda munini wa kaburimbo.Hari undi uva iruhande rwa ruhurura iri iruhande rw'inyubako ikoreramo banki ya Kigali ugakomeza iruhande rw'ahahoze ibagiro rya kera ukagera k'umuhanda wa kaburimbo ugera ikarambi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyamata-mu-mezi-umunani-imihanda-itandukanye-izaba-irimo-kaburimbo</ref> === Uburezi === [[Dosiye:ADEPR Nyamata District Hospital.jpg|thumb|225x225px|ibitaro bya Nyamata]] Abaturage batuye akarere ka bugesera bavugako batakigorwa<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> no kubona amashuri ya abana babo ugereranyije n'uko byari bimeze.Mbere ya genocide<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> muri aka karere habagamo ibigo by'amashuri yisumbuye 2 gusa ariko ubungubu habamo ibigo 71 byamashuri<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> y'isumbuye.Muri ibyo bigo harimo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/bugesera-bishimira-ko-bageze-ku-mashuri-yisumbuye-71-bavuye-kuri-abiri</ref> ibicumbikira abanyeshuri ndetse n'ibyo bigamo bataha.ingero z'ibicumbikira abanyeshuri ni izi zikurikira.-Neison mandela TSS,Ruhuha VTC,Nyamata TSS,Gitagata<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref> Rehabilation Center VTC,Blue lake international school<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref> nibindi byinshi.Ibigo didacumbikira abanyeshuri bo muri akakarere nabyo ni byinshi,urugero ni nka:GSMusenyi/TSS,Batima TSS<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref>,GSDihiro,Urumuri community center VTC,GSMareba/TSS,GSRugando nibindi byinshi.Si amashuri yisumbuye gusa kuko hari n'amashuri y'inshuke ndetse n'aabanza.muri ayo harimo:GSRuhuha,EPRugero,GSMareba,GSMaraba,GSNyirarukobwa<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref>,GSMurama,EPMunzenze,EPKagano ...Muri rusange akarere ka bugesera kari kurugero<ref>https://www.nesa.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=107855&token=d5b9029cec31aec755594cf2471c1c32a2424bd8</ref> rushimishije ku ibijyanye n'uburezi kuko abana biga bisanzuye.Bugesera ifite ibigo by'amashuri bisaga 159. === Serivisi z'ubuzima === Mu akarere ka bugesera<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref> harimo ibigondera buzima byinshi bitandukanye harimo:Gashora,Rilima,Mayange,Juru,Mwongo,nzangwa,Mareba,Ruhuha,Gihinga,Nyarugenge,Kamabuye<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref>,Ntarama,Gakurazo,Ngeruka,na Nyamata.Ibitaro bya nyamata<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref> biha abaturage 434,668 serivisi z'ubuzima zitandukanye.Ibibitaro bifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira ababyeyi<ref>https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh#:~:text=The%20hospital%20provides%20health%20care,Our%20Values%20Values</ref> miliyoni ebyiri batwite kand bakabyara neza. [[Dosiye:Nyamata Genocide memorial.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Urwibutso rwa Nyamata]] Si ibyo gusa kuko muri aka karere harimo n'urwibutso rwa Nyamata<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bugesera-urubyiruko-rwasuye-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamata</ref> ruruhukiyemo imibiri isaga 45,000y'abatutsi biciwe<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bugesera-urubyiruko-rwasuye-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamata</ref> muri Nyamata no munkengero zayo muri genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka wi 1994<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bugesera-urubyiruko-rwasuye-urwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyamata</ref>. Si ibyo gusa kuko muri kano karere hari amakipe menshi urugero ni nka [[Bugesera Fc|Bugesera FC]] akaba ari nayo kipe yambere kurwego rwakarere.Iyi kipe ifite abakinnyi bahagije kandi b'umumaro ibi akaba ari nabyo byayifashije kwegukana igikombe k'intara y'iburasirazuba ku wa 30 Nyakanga 2023. [[Dosiye:Selling clothes in bugesera market.jpg|thumb|295x295px|isoko ricuruza imyenda muri bugesera]] === Amasoko muri Bugesera === [[Dosiye:Bugesera market.jpg|thumb|isoko ricuruza ibiribwa muri bugesera]] Aka karere gafite amasoko menshi atandukanye kandi ari ahantu henshi hatandukanye kuburyo byorohera abaturage bose kugera kuri ayo masoko byihuse.Amwe mu amasoko yo muri bugesera ni aya akurikira:Isoko rya Nyamata,isoko rya Ntarama,Isoko rya musenyi,Isoko rya rilima nayandi menshi atandukanye. === Ubuhinzi n"ubworozi muri Bugesera === ==== Ubuhinzi ==== [[Dosiye:Torridge , Crops Growing - geograph.org.uk - 4076804.jpg|thumb|267x267px|ubuhinzi bw'ingano muri bugesera]] Mu karere ka bugesera abaturage benshi batunzwe n'umwuga wubuhinzi.Ahanini usanga abaturage bahinga ibihingwa ngandurarugo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-01 |archive-date=2026-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117214649/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |url-status=dead }}</ref> gusa ariko ibi ntibikuraho ko hari n'abahinga ibihingwa ngengabukungu.Bimwe mu ibihingwa ngandurarugo bikunze guhingwa muri aka karere ni:-ibirayi,ibigori,[[soya]],[[ibijumba]],imyumbati,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-01 |archive-date=2026-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117214649/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |url-status=dead }}</ref>amateke,intoryi,ingano ndetse n'ibindi. ibihingwa ngengabukungu bikunze guhingwa muri akakarere ni:umuceri,[[ikawa]],nibindi. ==== Imbogamizi ==== Abahinzi bo muri aka karere bakunze guhura n'imbogamizi zitandukanye zirimo: -Kubura inyongera musaruro -Imihindagurikire y'ikirere -Ubutaka busharira. -Kubura imbuto,cg bakayibona bakerewe. -Ibiza bikomoka ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere. ==== Ubworozi ==== Muri aka karere abaturage borora amatungo atandukanye yaba amagufi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-01 |archive-date=2026-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117214649/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |url-status=dead }}</ref> n'amaremare.Amwe mu amatungo maremare yororerwa muri akakarere ni:inka.Naho amagufi yororwa ni:inkoko,intama,[[ihene]],imbata nayandi atandukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-01 |archive-date=2026-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117214649/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Imbogamizi ==== Aborozi bo muri aka karere bukunze guhura [[Imboga|n'imboga]] mizi zitandukanye zirimo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-01 |archive-date=2026-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117214649/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |url-status=dead }}</ref>: -Kubura ubwatsi -Kubura amazi [[Dosiye:Ubworozi bw'amahungo magufi.jpg|thumb|ubworozi bw'ihene muri Bugesera]] -Ibirondwe -Kubura imyunyu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-01 |archive-date=2026-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117214649/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/minisitiri-wubuhinzi-niterambere-ryicyaro-muri-repubulika-ya-centre-afrika-yasuye-bugesera |url-status=dead }}</ref> -Indwara zitandukanye ==== Akamaro k'amatungo ==== -amatungo atanga ifumbire bakoresha m'ubuhinzi. -amwe muriyo aragurishwa hakaboneka amafaranga -amwe muriyo araribwa. ==== Uko abaturage barwanya imbogamizi ==== -Batera imiti amatungo yabo -bahunika ubwatsi == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Bugesera| ]] q77xasx55h390o1hsa13fuskedkn1fb Ange Kagame 0 8454 137198 136231 2026-09-15T13:15:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ange Kagame 2014.jpg|thumb|429x429px|Ifoto ya Angel Kagame yafashwe mu 2014]] '''Angel Kagame''' ni [[umwana]] wa kabiri akaba n'umukobwa w'ikinege wa [[Paul Kagame]], perezida w'u [[Rwanda]]. Yagize uruhare mu mpamvu zirimo kongerera ubushobozi abagore, uburezi, no guca ubukene, ndetse n'ubukangurambaga bukingira imbaga. Yashakanye na Bertrand Ndengeyingoma<ref>Dec 29, 2018 Ange Kagame Engaged |url|=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411230713/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/kagames-daughter-africas-hottest-spinster-off-the-market-photos</ref> bakaba barabyaranye abana babiri b'abakobwa, <ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20220216135033/https://igicumbinews.co.rw/ange-kagame-umwana-wa-perezida-paul-kagame-yibarutse/</nowiki></ref> Angel Kagame akaba afite inshingano zo kuba umuyobozi wungirije w’Akanama gashinzwe Ingamba na Politiki za Leta mu Biro Bikuru bya Perezida w'Igihugu.<ref>https://radiotv10.rw/ange-kagame-yahawe-umwanya-mu-rwego-rukomeye-mu-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/08/cabinet-resolutions-govt-moves-to-regulate-nightlife-ange-kagame-among-new-appointees/</ref> == Ubuzima bwa mbere n'uburere == Angel Kagame yavutse ku ya 8 Nzeri 1993 i [[Buruseli]] mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]]. Se ni Paul Kagame, [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida wa]] gatandatu [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] kandi akaba n'umuyobozi w'ishyaka ryinshi [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|ry’u Rwanda rishinzwe gukunda igihugu]]. Nyina Jeannette Nyiramongi ni umudamu wa mbere wa Repubulika y'u [[Rwanda]]. Nk'umukobwa w'imfura wa perezida wa Repubulika y'U Rwanda Paul Kagame afite imbaraga zisanzwe n'imbaraga zidasanzwe kandi zikomeye. Angel Kagame yarangije amashuri ye mu mahanga kandi ntiyigeze aboneka mu ruhame mu bwana bwe bwose kubera umutekano n’ibanga. Yize mu ishuri rya Dana Hall, ishuri ryigenga riherereye i Wellesley, muri Massachusetts muri Amerika. Yize muri Smith College aho yize ibijyanye na siyanse ya politiki hamwe nibindi bijyanye no kwiga ibijyanye na Afurika. Afite kandi Masters mu bibazo mpuzamahanga yakuye muri kaminuza ya Columbia. Angel Kagame ashobora kuvuga indimi eshatu, [[Icyongereza]], [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]], n'[[Igifaransa]]. == Ibindi bikorwa == [[File:President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Paul_Kagame,_President_of_the_Republic_of_Rwanda,_and_his_daughter.jpg|thumb|Angel Kagame (uwa kabiri uhereye iburyo) hamwe na Perezida [[Barack Obama]] (ibumoso), Nyakubahwa [[Paul Kagame]], Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda (uwa kabiri uhereye ibumoso), na Madamu wa Perezida Michelle Obama (iburyo).|374x374px]] Muri 2014, Angel Kagame yaherekeje se muri [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|White House]] gusangira na [[Barack Obama|Perezida Barack Obama]]. Iri funguro ryari mu nama y’iminsi itatu y’abayobozi b’Amerika - Afurika y’abayobozi bateranye muri Kanama uwo mwaka, aho abayobozi b’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bahuriye kugira ngo baganire ku bucuruzi, ishoramari n’umutekano by’umugabane. <ref>Dec 30, 2015 Ange Kagame speaks of forgiveness |url|=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LIjZDt-tUU</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Angel Kagame ni umwana wa kabiri mukuru ufite abandi bavandimwe batatu, Ivan Cyomoro, Ian Kagame, na Brian Kagame. Ni umufana wa [[Umupira w’agatebo|basketball]] [[Umupira w’amaguru|numupira wamaguru]], akurikira Boston Celtics na Arsenal. Ku ya 6 Nyakanga 2019, mu kigo cyitwa Intare Conference Center i [[Kigali]], Angel yashakanye na Bertrand Ndengeyingoma. Umukobwa wa perezida wa repubulika y'u Rwanda , Angel Kagame Mu 2019 yasoje amasomo y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza mu ishuri rya kaminuza yitwa Colombia ryigisha iby'imibanire n'amahanga n'imiyoborere ,( school of International and Public Affairs,SIPA).[https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ange-kagame-yahawe-inshingano-muri-perezidansi][https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/132681/ange-kagame-yahawe-inshingano-mu-biro-byumukuru-wigihugu-132681.html] == Akazi akora == Ange Kagame yagizwe umuyobozi wungirije mu kanama gashinzwe igenamigambi n'ingamba mu biro bya Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda, Village Urugwiro kuko biri mu itangazo ry'ibyemezo by'inama y'abaminisitiri yateranye ku mugoroba wo ku wa kabiri italiki 1 Kanama 2023.<ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c0xv5v7d132o</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/cg-dan-munyuza-yagizwe-ambasaderi-ange-kagame-ahabwa-inshingano-mu-biro-bya-perezida</ref> Kuva mu 2019 yakoraga muri ako kanama ko mu biro bya [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|Perezida]] nk'umusesenguzi mukuru w'ingamba (senior policy analyst).<ref name=":0" /> === Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}= https://web.archive.org/web/20190411230713/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/kagames-daughter-africas-hottest-spinster-off-the-market-photos https://web.archive.org/web/20220216135033/https://igicumbinews.co.rw/ange-kagame-umwana-wa-perezida-paul-kagame-yibarutse/ 3.https://radiotv10.rw/ange-kagame-yahawe-umwanya-mu-rwego-rukomeye-mu-rwanda/ 4.https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/08/cabinet-resolutions-govt-moves-to-regulate-nightlife-ange-kagame-among-new-appointees/ 5.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LIjZDt-tUU 6.https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c0xv5v7d132o 7.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/cg-dan-munyuza-yagizwe-ambasaderi-ange-kagame-ahabwa-inshingano-mu-biro-bya-perezida 8.https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ange-kagame-yahawe-inshingano-muri-perezidansi 9.https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/132681/ange-kagame-yahawe-inshingano-mu-biro-byumukuru-wigihugu-132681.html [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umwana w'umukuru w'igihugu]] p9v78svvj48n51758lkrzzygzfnp6wf Ubuhinzi 0 8461 137182 136232 2026-09-15T12:54:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyakansi 2.jpg|thumb|igishanga]] [[Dosiye:Banana plantation with trees.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi ]] [[Dosiye:Fresh maize plantation with Sunset view.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi bw'ibigori]] [[Dosiye:Leaves of the tea waiting for being manufactured.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi]] == Ubuhinzi n’Iterambere == Ubunzi ni imirimo ijyanye no gutera ibimera, gusarura n'indi mirimo bijyanye. Urwego rw’ubuhinzi ni ingirakamaro mu bukungu bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Urwego rw’[[ubuhinzi]] rwariyongereye rugira impuzandengo ya 9,5 ku ijana mu bihe bya 1996 - 2000; ariko, iryo zamuka ryagabanutse mu kigero cya 4,8 ku ijana z’ubwiyongere buri mwaka mu 2001-2006 aho bwabaye ku buryo bugoranye igice cy’ubwiyongere bwabonetse mu gihe cyabanje cy’imyaka 5 (ROR 2007).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/category/ubukungu/ubuhinzi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218183647/https://www.intyoza.com/category/ubukungu/ubuhinzi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Crop harvest in Indonesia.jpg|thumb|Umusaruro w'ibigoli]] == Umusaruro == Umusaruro w’ibihingwa mu 2008 wabaye munini cyane muri rusange, 14.8 ku ijana. Habayeho na none ubwiyongere ku musaruro w’ibiribwa no ku bihingwa bijyanwa mu mahanga bwa 16,4 na 13,5 ku ijana kuri buri cyiciro.Mu 2001, uruhare rwo mu urwego rw’ubuhinzi muri PIB rwari hafi 46 ku ijana mu buryo nyakuri, rukaba rwari rugize 80 ku ijana ry’ibicuruzwa bisohoka. - Uruhare rwo mu urwego rw’ubuhinzi mu mizamukire rusange ya PIB mu mwaka w’i 2007 rwari 6.3 ku ijana. - Nubwo umusanzu w’ubuhinzi mu musaruro mbumbe w’[[igihugu]] wagabanutse, PIB ikomeza kuzamuka cyane. Ishyira mu kazi '''ku kigero cya 86.3 %''' by’abakozi bose mu gihugu. - Kuri ubu, urwego rw’ubuhinzi rufite hafi uruhare rwa 30 ku ijana mu mizamukire y’u Rwanda, bityo ruza kuba urwego rw’ingirakamaro mu iterambere ry’igihugu. Ni ngombwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa intego zivugwa muri EDPRS no mu cyerekezo 2020.<ref>http://ingenzinyayo.com/category/ubuhinzi/</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ubuhinzi-mu-Rwanda-ntibukiri-ubwo-kurwanya-inzara--Bamwe-mu-bahinzi</ref> == Ibibazo by’ibidukikije by’ingenzi == Ibibazo by’ibanze binaniza iboneka ry’umusaruro mu buhinzi bigizwe n’ubucucike buhanitse bw’abaturage ku mutungo w’ubutaka udahagije. Ibi byaganishije ku isaranganywa ry’ubutaka n’igabanuka ry’ubugari bw’ahantu habyazwa umusaruro, ku gukomeza guhinga ibihingwa byinshi ku butaka butarazwa kandi bufite imbogamizi y’isuri, ku ihingwa ry’ubutaka risubirwamo kandi hatongerwamo ibitunga ubutaka, ku mihingire y’uburyo burambuye no kuri za serivisi z’ubushakashatsi zidahwitse no ku ibura rikabije rw’ubusugire igihe cy’ingorane zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere nk’impeshyi cyangwa imvura y'amahindu ari byo bitera igabanuka ry’uburumbuke bw’ubutaka n’igabanuka ry’itangwa ry’umusaruro mu amaherezo.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/cg7267zyv81t</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kura.rw/rw/ubuhinzi-bwamasaro-bwamuhinduriye-ubuzima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218183652/https://kura.rw/rw/ubuhinzi-bwamasaro-bwamuhinduriye-ubuzima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi donates 200 cows under “Girinka” (one cow per poor family programme), at Rweru Model village, in Rwanda on July 24, 2018. The President of Rwanda, Mr. Paul Kagame is also seen.JPG|thumb|Girinka]] == Girinka == Gahunda y’Umuryango Umwe Inka Imwe (Gira Inka) yabaye ingirakamaro mu guteza imbere amoko y’[[inka]] za kijyambere hagati y’Abanyarwanda; bitari gusa mu kugira imirire myiza n’inyungu zijyanye n’umusaruro w’amata n’uw’ibicuruzwa, ariko na none mu kubona ifumbire ikomoka ku binyabuzima igakoreshwa mu kunoza umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kura.rw/rw/ubuhinzi-bwamasaro-bwamuhinduriye-ubuzima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218183652/https://kura.rw/rw/ubuhinzi-bwamasaro-bwamuhinduriye-ubuzima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Land- Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Amasambu]] == Amasambu == Amasambu ni mato cyane muri rusange, kuba hari ingo zirenze 60 ku ijana zihinga mu nsi ya 0,7 ha, 50 ku ijana zihinga mu nsi ya 0,5 ha, n’izirenze 25 ku ijana zihinga mu nsi ya 0,2 ha (ROR 2008). - Iki kibazo kirushaho gukomezwa n’ukuntu amenshi mu masambu afite amapariseli anyuranye kandi anyanyagiye, amenshi muri yo akaba mato. Ubuto bw’amasambu buturuka ku ngufu nyinshi cyane zisabwa ubutaka kubera ubwiyongere bukabije bw’abaturage ku buso butabifitiye ubushobozi. Hejuru y’ibyo, imico n’imigenzereze y’[[izungura]] igizwe no kugaba ubutaka hagati y’abana umuntu yabyaye na byo byongereye ibibazo.<ref>https://www.minagri.gov.rw/updates/news-details/abagore-3000-bakora-umwuga-wubuhinzi-nubworozi-bahawe-telefoni-binyuze-muri-gahunda-ya-connect-rwanda</ref> == Ubuhinzi == Ubuhinzi bukorwa mu manga z’ibitwa n’iz’imisozi, n’uko bugenda bwiyongera ku itemwa ry’amashyamba, bwatumye habaho iyangirika ry’ubutaka n’isuri. Hafi 40 ku ijana by’igihugu cy’u Rwanda byafashwe na FAO nk’ibishobora guhura n’isuri ihambaye mu gihe ubuhinzi bugera kuri 37% bukeneye ingamba zijyanye no kuzitira ubutaka mbere yo guhinga. 23,4% gusa by’ubutaka bw’igihugu nta mbogamizi y’isuri bufite. - 31,2 ku ijana gusa by’ubuso bw’ubutaka buhingwamo bufite za tekinike zijyanye no kuburizamo isuri. Hafi 36,5% by’igihugu birinzwe n’amaterasi.<ref>https://www.minagri.gov.rw/updates/news-details/abagore-3000-bakora-umwuga-wubuhinzi-nubworozi-bahawe-telefoni-binyuze-muri-gahunda-ya-connect-rwanda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/category/ubuhinzi-nubworozi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218185149/https://rwandanews24.rw/category/ubuhinzi-nubworozi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == [[Dosiye:Watering the garden.jpg|thumb|kuhira]] [[Dosiye:People working in agriculture in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|346x346px|ubuhinzi]] Muri rusange, igihugu kizwiho kuba cyatakaza toni miliyoni 1,4 y’ubutaka ku mwaka. Ibi bihwanye n'imanuka ry’ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo kugaburira abantu 40.000 ku mwaka. - Nk’urugero, ingo zigeze kuri 80 ku ijana mu turere duhanamye nka Ruhengeri zisigaye zihura n’igabanuka ry’umusaruro bitewe n’isuri (Musahara 2006). - Ifumbire ikomoka ku binyabuzima ni yo ubu ikoreshwa na 69 ku ijana guse by’amasambu ahingwamo kuri 59 ku ijana by’ubuso buhingwaho ugereranije na 95 ku ijana na 70 ku ijana mbere y’intambara.Icyenda ku ijana by’abahinzi bakoreshaga imiti yica udukoko kuri 5 ku ijana by’ubutaka bwahinzwe igihe cy’ihinga cya 2000A. Imibare yerekeranye n’ifumbire n’ishwagara yerekana ko 5 ku ijana by’amasambu ahingwamo byakoreshaga uburyo bw’ifumbire kuri 3 ku ijana by’ubuso bwahinzwe. Iyi mibare ari gato mu nsi y’iya 1991 (7 ku ijana by’amasambu ajyanye n’ubuhinzi na 5 ku ijana by’ubuso).<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubuhinzi-bw-icyayi-igisubizo-ku-rubyiruko-ruri-mu-bushomeri-mu-ntara-y</ref> == Akamaro k'ubuhinzi mu Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Gutera ibiti.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi mu Rwanda]] Ubuhinzi bufite akamaro kanini ku bukungu bw’[[u Rwanda]] kuko bwinjiza kimwe cya gatatu cy’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu. Uru rwego ruha akazi abarenga bibiri bya gatatu by’abakozi bose mu gihugu kandi iterambere rishingiye ku buhinzi ryitezweho kugira uruhare runini mu kurwanya ubukene no guca ubukene bukabije. [[U Rwanda rwashyizwe mu bihugu bine ku Isi byita ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima|Guverinoma y’u Rwanda]] yiyemeje guhindura urwego rw'ubuhinzi rukava ku kigero cyo guhinga ibitunga imiryango rukaba urwego rutanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwiza, rugemurira isoko kandi rufasha mu kuzamura izindi nzego z’ubukungu. Ibi bizagerwaho binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye zishyirwa mu bikorwa na [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi|Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi]] n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI) n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho, ariko ikabifashwamo n’Urwego rw’Abikorera, abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere ndetse n’abandi bireba bose.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipar-rwanda.org/IMG/pdf/agatabo_ku_ishoramari_rya_leta_mu_buhinzi_n_ubworozi_mu_rwanda.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-09 |archive-date=2023-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609085349/http://www.ipar-rwanda.org/IMG/pdf/agatabo_ku_ishoramari_rya_leta_mu_buhinzi_n_ubworozi_mu_rwanda.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu]] 2aka3f6fqpa7f0au6rhpaykszrvl656 Nyampinga w'u Rwanda 0 8564 137157 136233 2026-09-15T12:36:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare; kosora umutwe w’Amashakiro. 137157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Naomi Ishimwe.jpg|thumb|Nyampinga|285x285px]] Nyampinga w'u [[Rwanda]] ni irushanwa ryashyizweho hagamijwe gutora umukobwa uhiga abandi mu bwiza, ubwenge n'umuco. Iri rushanwa ritegurwa na [[Rwanda]] Inspiration backup<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/Rwanda-Inspiration-Backup-yatsindiye-kujya-ikurikirana-management-ba-Nyampinga</ref>, rikaba ryaratangiye mu 1910 ritangizwa n'Abakoloni n'Abadage. == Amateka == Nyampinga w'u [[Rwanda]] watowe bwa mbere ni Nubuhoro Jeanne atorerwa muri Hoteli Méridien ubu yahindutse Marasa Umubano mu 1991 akaba yarishwe muri [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Yaje gusimburwa na Uwera Dalila watowe mu Ukuboza mu 1993, agomba kuba Nyampinga w'u [[Rwanda]] mu 1994 akaba ari nawe wamenyekanye cyane , kuri ubu aba mu gihugu cy'Ububiligi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-avuguruzanya-ni-nde-wabaye-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-bwa-mbere |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-31 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108235441/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-avuguruzanya-ni-nde-wabaye-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-bwa-mbere |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uko bagiye bakurikirana == [[Dosiye:Uwera Dalila.jpg|thumb|Uwera Dalila]] 1.[[Nubuhoro Jeanne]] 1991 2.[[Uwera Dalila]] 1994 [[Dosiye:Miss Bahati Grace.jpg|thumb|Miss Bahati Grace]] 3.[[Bahati Grace]] 2009 [[Dosiye:Aurore Kayibanda.jpg|thumb|Kayibanda Aurore]] 4.[[Kayibanda Aurore]] 2012 5.[[Akiwacu colombe|Akiwacu Colombe]] 2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://missrwanda.rw/news/article/akiwacu-colombe-niwe-nyampinga-w-u |accessdate=2020-10-31 |archive-date=2020-11-04 |deadurl=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104083335/http://missrwanda.rw/news/article/akiwacu-colombe-niwe-nyampinga-w-u |url-status=dead }}</ref> 6.[[Kundwa doriane|Kundwa Doriane]] 2015<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.igihe.tv/ibiganiro/kundwa-doriane-ni-we-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2015.html |accessdate=2020-10-31 |archive-date=2020-11-05 |deadurl=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105194338/http://www.igihe.tv/ibiganiro/kundwa-doriane-ni-we-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2015.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Jolly Mutesi.jpg|thumb|Mutesi Jolly]] 7.[[Mutesi Jolly]] 2016<ref>http://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amafoto-y-indobanure-ya-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2017-n-ibisonga-bye</ref> 8. [[Iradukunda Elsa|Iradukunda Elsa 2017]] 9.[[Iradukunda Liliane]] 2018<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://igihe.tv/ibiganiro/iradukunda-liliane-yabaye-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2018.html |accessdate=2020-10-31 |archive-date=2020-02-19 |deadurl=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219083601/http://igihe.tv/ibiganiro/iradukunda-liliane-yabaye-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2018.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> 10.[[Nimwiza meghan|Nimwiza Meghan]] 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amafoto-ya-nimwiza-watorewe-kuba-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2019 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-31 |archive-date=2020-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106093744/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amafoto-ya-nimwiza-watorewe-kuba-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 11.[[Naomie Nishimwe|Nishimwe Naomie]] 2020<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/Nishimwe-Naomie-yegukanye-ikamba-rya-Nyampinga-w-u-Rwanda-2020-Amafoto-na-Video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-31 |archive-date=2020-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103133747/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/Nishimwe-Naomie-yegukanye-ikamba-rya-Nyampinga-w-u-Rwanda-2020-Amafoto-na-Video |url-status=dead }}</ref> 12.[[Ingabire Grace]] 2021 13.[[Miss Muheto Nshuti Divine|Muheto Divine]] <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2022-ni-muheto-divine</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} # https://web.archive.org/web/20201108235441/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-avuguruzanya-ni-nde-wabaye-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-bwa-mbere # https://web.archive.org/web/20200222045251/http://missrwanda.rw/news/latest-news/article/urutonde-rw-abakobwa-20-bazavamo-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-rwamenyekanye # https://web.archive.org/web/20201107000404/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ba-nyampinga-b-u-rwanda-mu-bihe [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Ubudage]] [[Category:Rwanda]] 9lxvux7cfiu8zgffp4fr7qek7gbq9mm Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda 0 8701 137171 133170 2026-09-15T12:42:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q39060572}} '''Ikigo gishinzwe Iterambere ry’u Rwanda''', kizwi nka '''Rwanda Development Board''' (RDB), ni urwego rwa Leta rwashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2008 hagamijwe kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda binyuze mu guteza imbere urwego rw’abikorera, gukurura ishoramari no korohereza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Iki kigo cyashinzwe nyuma yo guhuza inzego umunani za Leta zari zifite inshingano zijyanye n’ishoramari, ubukerarugendo, iterambere ry’inganda, n’ikorwa ry’ubucuruzi, hagamijwe gushyiraho “One Stop Center” ifasha abashoramari kubona serivisi zose ahantu hamwe. <ref name=":0">https://rdb.rw/</ref> == Aho giherereye == Icyicaro gikuru cya RDB giherereye ku muhanda wa KG 220, i [[Kigali]] ku Gishushu, [[Umurwa|mu murwa mukuru]] n'umujyi munini w'u Rwanda. Ubutabire bw'icyicaro gikuru cya RDB ni: 01 ° 57'10.0 "S, 30 ° 06'10.0" E (Ubunini: -1.952778; Uburebure: 30.102778).<ref name=":0" /> == Incamake == [[Dosiye:Kigali_city_rwanda.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Umujyi wa Kigali Rwanda aho ikigo cy'iterambere cyubatse]] Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda cyashinzwe mu 2009 kugira ngo gihuze kandi giteze imbere iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu. RDB ikubiyemo ibigo bishinzwe " ''kwandikisha ubucuruzi, guteza imbere ishoramari, kubungabunga ibidukikije, kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ndetse n’ibigo by’inzobere bishyigikira urwego rw’ibanze rwa ICT n’ubukerarugendo kimwe na SMEs no guteza imbere ubushobozi bw’abantu mu bikorera''<ref>https://businessprocedures.rdb.rw/media/new%20company%20law.pdf</ref> ". Umwanya w'Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa, ni umwanya wo [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|ku rwego rw'abaminisitiri]] kandi uwari usanzweho ashyirwaho ndetse agatanga raporo kuri [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w'u Rwanda]] . RDB ipima ibyo imaze kugeraho mu (a) ishoramari ry’amahanga n’imbere mu gihugu, (b) kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga na (c) umubare w’imirimo ihanga.<ref>https://rdb.rw/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RG-Instruction-Mortgage-OG_N___Special_of_12.05.2020.pdf</ref> == Ubuyobozi == Kuva muri Nzeri 2017, abayobozi bakuru muri RDB barimo aba bakurikira: 1. [[Clare Akamanzi]], umuyobozi mukuru wa RDB 2. Emmanuel Hategeka, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ibikorwa bya RDB 3. Mark Nkurunziza, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari 4. Belise Kariza, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ubukerarugendo 5. Winifred Ngangure, umuyobozi w'agateganyo w'ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari 6. Eugene Mutangana, umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije na 7. Louise Kanyonga, umwanditsi mukuru . Muri 13 Mutarama 2025 Umukuru W'igihugu cy'u Rwanda [[Paul Kagame]] Yashyizemo Umuyobozi Mushya wo Kuyobora iki Ikigo Ari We '''Jean Guy Afrika''' Ari Ukiyoboye kugeza uyu munsi<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2025/01/afdbs-jean-guy-afrika-appointed-new-rdb-ceo/</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.rdb.rw/ Urubuga rwubuyobozi bushinzwe iterambere ryu Rwanda] * <ref>https://rdb.rw/investment-opportunities/invest-in-tourism/</ref> [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Guverinoma y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Pariki z'u Rwanda]] hic4bnwgqc7kymh3e4wvt364ei6e1a4 137174 137171 2026-09-15T12:46:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 137174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q39060572}} '''Ikigo gishinzwe Iterambere ry’u Rwanda''', kizwi nka '''Rwanda Development Board''' (RDB), ni urwego rwa Leta rwashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2008 hagamijwe kwihutisha iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda binyuze mu guteza imbere urwego rw’abikorera, gukurura ishoramari no korohereza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Iki kigo cyashinzwe nyuma yo guhuza inzego umunani za Leta zari zifite inshingano zijyanye n’ishoramari, ubukerarugendo, iterambere ry’inganda, n’ikorwa ry’ubucuruzi, hagamijwe gushyiraho “One Stop Center” ifasha abashoramari kubona serivisi zose ahantu hamwe. <ref name=":0">https://rdb.rw/</ref> == Aho giherereye == Icyicaro gikuru cya RDB giherereye ku muhanda wa KG 220, i [[Kigali]] ku Gishushu, [[Umurwa|mu murwa mukuru]] n'umujyi munini w'u Rwanda. Ubutabire bw'icyicaro gikuru cya RDB ni: 01 ° 57'10.0 "S, 30 ° 06'10.0" E (Ubunini: -1.952778; Uburebure: 30.102778).<ref name=":0" /> == Incamake == [[Dosiye:Kigali_city_rwanda.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Umujyi wa Kigali Rwanda aho ikigo cy'iterambere cyubatse]] Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda cyashinzwe mu 2009 kugira ngo gihuze kandi giteze imbere iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu. RDB ikubiyemo ibigo bishinzwe " ''kwandikisha ubucuruzi, guteza imbere ishoramari, kubungabunga ibidukikije, kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ndetse n’ibigo by’inzobere bishyigikira urwego rw’ibanze rwa ICT n’ubukerarugendo kimwe na SMEs no guteza imbere ubushobozi bw’abantu mu bikorera''<ref>https://businessprocedures.rdb.rw/media/new%20company%20law.pdf</ref> ". Umwanya w'Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa, ni umwanya wo [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|ku rwego rw'abaminisitiri]] kandi uwari usanzweho ashyirwaho ndetse agatanga raporo kuri [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w'u Rwanda]] . RDB ipima ibyo imaze kugeraho mu (a) ishoramari ry’amahanga n’imbere mu gihugu, (b) kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga na (c) umubare w’imirimo ihanga.<ref>https://rdb.rw/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RG-Instruction-Mortgage-OG_N___Special_of_12.05.2020.pdf</ref> == Ubuyobozi == Kuva muri Nzeri 2017, abayobozi bakuru muri RDB barimo aba bakurikira: 1. [[Clare Akamanzi]], umuyobozi mukuru wa RDB 2. Emmanuel Hategeka, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ibikorwa bya RDB 3. Mark Nkurunziza, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari 4. Belise Kariza, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ubukerarugendo 5. Winifred Ngangure, umuyobozi w'agateganyo w'ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari 6. Eugene Mutangana, umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije na 7. Louise Kanyonga, umwanditsi mukuru . Muri 13 Mutarama 2025 Umukuru W'igihugu cy'u Rwanda [[Paul Kagame]] Yashyizemo Umuyobozi Mushya wo Kuyobora iki Ikigo Ari We '''Jean Guy Afrika''' Ari Ukiyoboye kugeza uyu munsi<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2025/01/afdbs-jean-guy-afrika-appointed-new-rdb-ceo/</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] * [http://www.rdb.rw/ Urubuga rwubuyobozi bushinzwe iterambere ryu Rwanda] * <ref>https://rdb.rw/investment-opportunities/invest-in-tourism/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Guverinoma y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Pariki z'u Rwanda]] 8h1t5144q09tyxlbs5hpyrp01gym4yl SEBURIKOKO 0 8809 137183 123868 2026-09-15T12:55:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137183 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seburikoko''' ni filime y'uruhererekane y'inyarwanda yakozwe na [[Misago Nelly Wilson]] ayikora binyuze muri Sosiyete itunganya amafilimi ya Afrifame Pictures. Buri gace k'iyi filimi kanyura kuri Televiziyo y'u Rwanda<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/igice-cya-2-cya-filime-seburikoko-kiragera-hanze-kuri-uyu-wa-mbere-64625</ref> buri wa mbere na buri wa kane saa kumi n'ebyiri na mirongo ine n'itanu<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/134644/Entertainment/the-quality-of-the-script-determines-the-success-of-a-film-says-misago</ref> za nimugoroba guhera muri Werurwe 2015.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/188442/Entertainment/get-to-know-rwandaas-top-local-series</ref> Kuri ubu iyi filimi itunganywa na Zacu Entertainment. [[Dosiye:Seburikoko_movie.jpg|thumb|Seburikoko movie]] == Abakinnyi == * Niyitegeka Gratien ari Seburikoko. * Antoinette Uwamahoro ari Siperansiya. * Umuganwa Sarah ari Mutoni. * Clapton Kibonge ari Kibonge. * Chantal Nyakubyara ari Nyiramana. * Ernest Kalisa ari Rulinda. * Léon Ngabo ari Kadogo. * Noella Niyomubyeyi ari Liliane. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 9wy4d9znotyq2lqra9hptnapibmofgj Ingabire Grace 0 9255 137232 126636 2026-09-15T13:55:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137232 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ingabire Grace == Tariki ya makumyabiri (20) werurwe muri imwe mu mazu akomeye mu [[Rwanda]] izwi nka [[Rwanda Rwacu|Intare Arena]] nibwo hatangajwe [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] mushya wu [[Rwanda Tribune|Rwanda]] 2021 ariwe Ingabire Grace byari ibirori byiza kandi bitangaje kuko bititabiriwe kubera icyorezo cya COVID 19 byanyuze kuri Televisiyo KC2 na za youtube<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/grace-ingabire-crowned-miss-rwanda-2021</ref> == Mumenye neza == Ingabire Grace yavutse ku itariki ya 11 ugushyingo mu mwaka 1995 avukira mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] i [[Kigali]] akaba ari umunyeshuri urangije [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] mubijyanye no kubyina globalization na Filozofia na physcologiya<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.angelopedia.com/news/Ingabire-Grace-Miss-World-Rwanda-2021-Delegate-Contestant-Feature-Miss-World/52748 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-02 |archive-date=2021-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102123137/https://www.angelopedia.com/news/Ingabire-Grace-Miss-World-Rwanda-2021-Delegate-Contestant-Feature-Miss-World/52748 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Igitangaje == [[Dosiye:Bates College Campus.jpg|thumb|Koreje ya Bates, aho Grace yize]] Nyampinga Ingabire Grace niwe [https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyampinga_w%27u_Rwanda?veaction=edit#cite_note-3 nyampinga wu Rwanda] wenyine ufite Impamyabumenyi mu mbyino. Muri Gicurasi 2019, yarangije muri [[Kaminuza Niccolò Cusano|Bates College i Lewiston]], muri Leta ya Maine, muri [[Amerika]] ahoyakuye Impamya bumenyi Ihanitse mu Mbyino za choreography, filozofiaya na phyiscologiyamu ugushyingo 2019 Grace yatangije umushinga witwa Ikiringo umushinga ugamije guteza imbere imbyino.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecampus.rw/post/view/she-is-25-she-got-bachelors-degree-from-bates-college-in-maine-state-usa-who-is-miss-grace-ingabire-miss-rwanda-2021 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-02 |archive-date=2021-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102123140/https://www.thecampus.rw/post/view/she-is-25-she-got-bachelors-degree-from-bates-college-in-maine-state-usa-who-is-miss-grace-ingabire-miss-rwanda-2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Ku wa gatanu]], tariki ya 19 Ugushyingo, Grace Ingabire, Miss [[Rwanda]] 2021, yerekeje muri Porto Rico ubwo yatangiraga gushaka ikamba rya Miss World rya 70 kuri ubu rifite umwamikazi w’ubwiza wa [[Jamayika|Jamayike]] Toni-Ann Singh.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/grace-ingabire-puerto-rico-miss-world-2021</ref> == Imikorere == Grace ntago imishinga ye yagenze neza nkuko yabishakaga kubera icyorezo cya [[Virusi|COVID19]] cyari cyugarije Isi nu u [[Rwanda]] muri rusange gusa muri bimmwe yakoze byamenyekanye harimo nko kuba yara koranye na Africa Improved Foods boroje ingurube coperative eshatu (3) zabajyanama bubuzima bo mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Rwamagana]] mu Murenge wa [[Umugezi|Muhazi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/article/miss-ingabire-grace-yoroje-ingurube-abajyanama-b-ubuzima-bo-muri-rwamagana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-02 |archive-date=2021-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102123138/https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/article/miss-ingabire-grace-yoroje-ingurube-abajyanama-b-ubuzima-bo-muri-rwamagana |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} oxynb6tu1jfz11hdbpbk8cjs5ay7tua Kayitesi alice 0 9392 137625 111529 2026-09-15T16:46:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137625 wikitext text/x-wiki == Guverineri w intara ya amajyepfo == KAYITESI Alice niwe wa gizwe guverineri w intara ya amajyepfo wavuye kumwanya wa [https://web.archive.org/web/20200815052119/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/Guverineri-Gatabazi-JMV-yasubijwe-ku-mirimo-ye-Kayitesi-Alice-ahabwa-kuyobora-Intara-y-Amajyepfo mayor wa Kamonyi] <ref>Guverineri Gatabazi JMV yasubijwe ku mirimo ye, Kayitesi Alice ahabwa kuyobora Intara y’Amajyepfo - IGIHE.com</ref> [[Dosiye:Sud in Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|Intara y'amajyepfo, Alice abereye guverineri]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} jgk8z8etgdexm8u7zxhp313h6r2hadz 475: Break the Silence 0 9424 137626 125961 2026-09-15T16:46:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''475: Break the Silence,''''', (Umutwe wumwimerere: ''475: Trenquem el Silenci'' ) ni Sinema yo muri maroke yo muri 2013 yerekana filime ngufi iyobowe na Hind Bensari <ref>https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/475-break-the-silence</ref>. Iyi filime yibanze ku buzima bwa Amina Fillali, umukobwa w’imyaka 16 ukomoka mu mujyi muto muri [[Maroc]]<ref>https://burnsfilmcenter.org/booking/475-break-the-silence/</ref>. Yiyahuye akoresheje umuti wicimbeba amaze gushyingiranwa n'umugabo wa musambanyije.<ref>https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Zainab-Salbis-475-Break-The-Silence-PCKFC4TBTWB</ref> Yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu mu 2014<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film860680.html</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. iyi filimi Yagize uruhare mu myigaragambyo muri [[Maroc|Maroke]] mu gushyiraho itegeko rishya ryemerera abagabo baregwa gufata ku ngufu gushyingiranwa n’abo bahohotewe<ref>https://theweereview.com/review/475-break-the-silence/</ref>. Iyi filime yamamaye cyane mu kinyamakuru New York Times no mu muyoboro wa ARD wo mu [[Budage]] ndetse no kuri interineti.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mostrafilmsdones.cat/475-break-the-silence/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111163854/https://www.mostrafilmsdones.cat/475-break-the-silence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> yashimishije abayireba kuri TV 2M muri [[Maroc|Maroke]] kandi ikwirakwira mu bihugu birimo [[Danimarike|Danemark]], [[Porutugali]], [[Kanada]] igurishwa ku miyoboro irenga 20 ku isi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.festivalmarrakech.info/en/personnalite/hind-bensari/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2020-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023142956/https://www.festivalmarrakech.info/en/personnalite/hind-bensari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] agaquzgfi97r1zc077phovlv35cma21 Solange Uwingabe 0 9597 137783 100755 2026-09-15T18:12:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[UWINGABE Solange]] to [[Solange Uwingabe]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 100755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UWINGABE Solange''' (yavutse 5 ukwakira 1970) ni umunyarwandakizi w' umunyapolitiki, ni umuvugizi w ' imitwe ya politiki yemewe mu [[Rwanda]], akaba yaratowe uwo mwanya ku wa 25 werurwe 2021 ubwo inteko rusange y imitwe ya politiki yateranaga mu gushiraho abayobozi b'amanda yarikurikiye . UWINGABE yabanje gukora imirimo itandukanye aho yakoze mu bigo bitanga ubwishingizi mu Rwanda , mbere yo kuba umudepite mu nteko ishinga amategeko mu Rwanda .<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/depite-uwingabe-yatorewe-kuba-umuvugizi-w-ihuriro-ry-imitwe-ya-politiki-mu</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/184874/News/mp-uwingabe-elected-spokesperson-of-political-partiesa-forum</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == UWINGABE Solange ni umunyepolitiki uzwi akaba afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya Gatatu cya Kaminuza mu bijyanye n’Amategeko, mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi, aho yayikuye mu yahoze ari [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]] . Mbere ya 2018, yakoze mu bigo by'ubwishingizi bitandukanye mu Rwanda, aho yagiye ayobora amashami atandukanye yabyo atandukanye ndetse akaba yaragiye akora mu myanya ushinzwe abakozi ndetse akaba yaragiye aba umujyanama mu by’amategeko. Uwingabe ni uwo mu Ishyaka rya PSR, akaba ari umuvugizi wa NFPO. <ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/abadepite-mu-nteko-ishinga-amategeko-y-u-rwanda-basuye-akarere-baganira-n-abaturage</ref> == Akazi yakoze == UWINGABE Solange yakoze imiromo mwinshi harimo : * Kuva muri Nzeri 2018- kugeza ubu : Umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda * Kuva 1996 – 2017: Ushinzwe gusaba. ushinzwe ubucuruzi - HR & Ubuyobozi - umujyanama mu by'amategeko . * Kuva 1996 – 2017: Umunyamabanga wa sosiyete ya COGEAR - SORAS- RADIANT-SAHAM .<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles?tx_news_pi1%5B%40widget_0%5D%5BcurrentPage%5D=3&cHash=7c1a95795e124166bd110258c1b29a83</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Inteko ishinga amategeko]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] swdhxxi06zvesyedpi01xv9ukzmhoh9 UWINGABIRE Solange 0 9648 137821 80760 2026-09-16T11:28:59Z EmausBot 1282 Correction d’une double redirection depuis [[UWINGABE Solange]] vers [[Solange Uwingabe]] 137821 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Solange Uwingabe]] rx8b1vwv92jx6p7eczsnsf40g33r709 Solange Murekezi Uwingabiye 0 9869 137797 137001 2026-09-15T18:14:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[SOLANGE MUREKEZI UWINGABIYE]] to [[Solange Murekezi Uwingabiye]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Solange Murekezi Uwingabiye''' ni Rwiyemezamirimo wo mu [[Rwanda]] akaba ari nawe washinze '''''AUX''''' Delices Honey Ltd akaba na visi perezida wa gahunda yo kwihangira imirimo muri Afurika mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.opportunitiesforafricans.com/the-academy-for-women-entrepreneurs-awe-program-2021/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211203131950/https://www.africanmanagers.org/all/news/ami-and-rwanda-chamber-of-women-entrepreneurs-partner-to-offer-free-business-skills-to-female-entrepreneurs-in-rwanda/</ref> Madamu Solange Murekezi yavutse kuya 3 /10/1972 akaba ari Rwiyemeza mirimo w umugore wamenyekanye cyane mu Rwanda kubera ibikorwa bye harimo nko kuba yariwe muyobozi wikirenga wa AUX DELICES HONEY LTD kurubu Solange ni umwe mu bagore bagira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw'abagore muri federasion ya PSF [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]<ref>https://rw.linkedin.com/in/solange-murekezi-395109119</ref> Solange kandi yibanda cyane mu kubyaza umusaruro ubuki no gutunganya ubucuruzi bwe ndetse no kubugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru mu rwanda no mu Karere kibiyaga bigari. == Amashuri yize n'ubumenyi == Madamu Solange yarangije amashuri muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali]] ( ULK ) aho yakuye Impamyabumenyi muby'amategeko. akaba kandi umuyobozi w'ubucuruzi wumuhanga w'umugore ufite diplpme nyinshi zo mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga akagira na seritifika yo kwihangira imirimo no guteza imbere ubucuruzi IFC-Bank yabanyamerika IVLP Alumni nibindi.<ref>https://vymaps.com/RW/Aux-Delices-1075083/</ref> == Reba == mdgeoryk21sdqsvvpq8yjwz91rny1s6 Agnes Mukashyaka 0 9886 137314 134025 2026-09-15T14:24:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137314 wikitext text/x-wiki Agnes Mukashyaka <ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/impuhwe-za-kibyeyi-zatumye-mukashyaka-ashinga-ikigo-cyita-ku-bana-bafite</ref>ni Umunyarwandakazi uzwi mu bikorwa byo guteza imbere uburenganzira n'imibereho y'abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe n'imiryango yabo. Ni umwe mu bashinze kandi akaba umuhuzabikorwa wa [[Izere mubyeyi|Izere Mubyeyi Organization,]] umuryango nyarwanda uharanira uburenganzira bw'abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, ubukangurambaga<ref name=":1">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ambasaderi-wa-amerika-mu-rwanda-yahembye-abanyarwandakazi-bane-b-indashyikirwa</ref> bwo kubarengera, no kubafasha kubona serivisi zibafasha kwiteza imbere .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.izeremubyeyi.org.rw/events/amakuru/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-10 |archive-date=2021-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210095145/http://www.izeremubyeyi.org.rw/events/amakuru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Agnes Mukashyaka ni umuhuzabikorwa wa Izere Mubyeyi Organization. Uyu muryango ukora ibikorwa birimo: * Kumenyekanisha uburenganzira bw'abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. * Gufasha imiryango irera abana bafite ubumuga. * Gukorana n'inzego za Leta n'abafatanyabikorwa mu guteza imbere uburezi budaheza n'ubuvuzi bukwiye. * Gukangurira abaturage kwakira no kutavangura abantu bafite ubumuga. Mu mwaka wa 2023, Agnes Mukashyaka yatsindiye IVLP Impact Award, igihembo gitangwa ku bitabiriye gahunda ya ''International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP)'' ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Yakoresheje inkunga y'icyo gihembo mu mushinga wo kumenya abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe no kubahuza na serivisi zibafasha mu Mujyi wa Kigali.<ref name=":1" /> ====== Ibikorwa ====== Agnes Mukashyaka yagiye agaragara mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo guteza imbere uburenganzira bw'abantu bafite ubumuga, by'umwihariko abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Yagize uruhare mu bukangurambaga bwo kongera ubumenyi ku bumuga no guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y'imiryango, ibigo by'amashuri n'inzego z'ubuzima. === Reba kandi === * [[Izere mubyeyi|Izere Mubyeyi]] * [[Abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda|Ubumuga mu Rwanda]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} h10vl1z9f1y2qah3rtkpl0t5pv6msbb Niyibaho Berthilde 0 9903 137315 122306 2026-09-15T14:24:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137315 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sellers_and_buyers_at_the_village_cooperative.Ntunga,Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umwuga w'ubucuruzi]] '''Niyibaho Berthilde''' (yavutse muri 1960) <ref name="tnt">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208864</ref> [[Rwanda|numudamu wumucuruzi mu Rwanda]] wamamaye mubucuruzi kubikomoka kubuhinzi. <ref name="hm">{{Cite web |url=http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=945 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-12 |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209192953/http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=945 |url-status=dead }}</ref> itanga ifu y'ibihumyo na vino y'ibitoki. <ref name="tnt" /> Niyibaho watangiye uruganda mu mwaka wa 2006, aho ubu rukoresha abakozi bahoraho bagera kuri 30, n’abandi ba nyakabyizi bataha bagera 40, rukaba ruzwi ku izina rya BN Producers. bizwi nka Belthilde Niyibaho Producers . Ikigo cy’igihugu gitsura ubuziranenge cya RBS, aho gifasha Niyibaho kubona ibyangombwa, ndetse ikamugira inama, bigafashako ibihumyo bikajya mu mahanga byanditseho u [[Rwanda]] aho kubijyana mu izina rya [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . umushinga we washyigikiwe na Banki itsura amajyambere BRD .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/minisitiri-w-intebe-agiye-kuvuganira-umuhinzi-w-ibihumyo-wimwe-inguzanyo</ref> == Umwuga w'ubucuruzi == [[Dosiye:Urutoki.jpg|thumb|Urutoki Niyibaho yatangiriyeho akora ibinyobwa biruvuyemo]] Niyibaho yatangiye gake gake akora ibinyobwa byibitoki muri 2005 nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye. Yagiye mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] abinyujije mu kigo cy’ubuhinzi cy’u [[Rwanda]] (RAB), kimufasha gutozwa ubuhinzi bw’ibihumyo no kubitunganya. Muri 2006 yatangiye ubucuruzi bwe nishoramari rito. <ref name="hm" /> Mu mwaka wa 2010, yatoranijwe mu mishinga mito n'iciriritse kugira ngo ahugurwe mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]] ku bijyanye no gukora imbuto y'ibihumyo abifashijwemo n'ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'u [[Rwanda]]. Agurisha ibicuruzwa bye mu [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzaniya]], na Bukavu, mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya [[Kongo]]. BN Producers Limited itanga ibihumyo bishya, byumye, itanga imbuto yibihumyo kandi itanga serivisi zamahugurwa kubaturage gukora ibihumyo nkubucuruzi butanga umusaruro. <ref name="hm" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] ebgwhumgae3ihjuu0fayrm30ejf4ppy Heirs Holdings 0 9959 137199 130121 2026-09-15T13:15:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tony Elumelu, Chairman, Heirs Holdings and United Bank for Africa, speaking at the UK-Africa Investment Summit in London, 20 January 2020 20200120142321 GMCB9742 (49419848012).jpg|thumb|Bamwe mu bayobozi ba Heirs Holdings i London muri 2020]] [[Dosiye:2nd build of the USMU.jpg|thumb|Aho bakorera]] [[Dosiye:Heirs Holdings Logo.png|thumb|383x383px|heirs holdings logo]] [https://www.heirsholdings.com/investments/ Heirs Holdings] ni umuryango ufite ishoramari rigari, ufite icyicaro i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]] ufite inyungu z’ishoramari mu nzego zitandukanye muri Afurika<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/02/05/nigerian-millionaire-tony-elumelu-invests-in-u-s-space-technology-startup/?sh=5f2e9a38fe0f</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Photograph of Tony Elumelu.jpg|thumb|Tony Elumelu umuyobozi wa Heirs Holdings]] Holdings yashinzwe mu mwaka 2010 na Tony O. Elumelu, CON nyuma kujya muzabukuru mu mwaka wa 2010 muri Banki yunze ubumwe ya Afurika (UBA) Plc, aho yari yarabaye Umuyobozi w’itsinda (Group managing director)<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/167319-elumelu-returns-to-uba-as-board-chairman.html</ref><ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2012/04/23/the-20-most-powerful-people-in-african-business-2012/?sh=6324ac9b719b</ref>. [[Dosiye:Heirs_Place,_Heirs_Holdings_Head_office,_Ikoyi,_Lagos.jpg|thumb|Heirs Holdings]] Mu mwaka wa 2011, Heirs Holdings yakoze ishoramari ryayo rya mbere igamije kugira imigabane igenzura muri Transcorp, uruganda runini rwa Nijeriya<ref>https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/49345/shares-heirs-holdings039-strategic-buy-shocks-transcorp.html</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/04/heirs-holdings-push-transcorp-shares-higher-on-nse-2/</ref>. Muri 2012, Heirs Holdings yongeye gushora imari mu mutungo utimukanwa no mu rwego rw'imari. Afriland Properties Plc,n'ikigo k'imicungire yumutungo, ishoramari, nisosiyete yiterambere; United Capital Plc, itsinda rya serivisi yimari nishoramari; na Afrika Prudential Registrar Plc, utanga serivise yo kwiyandikisha<ref>https://www.heirsholdings.com/hh-at-ten/</ref> Muri 2013, Heirs Holdings yiyemeje miliyoni 2,5 z'amadolari y'Amerika, nk'umushoramari umwe rukumbi w’abikorera ku giti cyabo muri Perezida [[Barack Obama]] Power Africa Initiative afite intego yo kongera 30.000MW y’amashanyarazi mashya, kongera amashanyarazi byibuze miliyoni 60 z'abaturage muri Sub-Saharah African<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304049904579515183408829094</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/privatesector#he |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-01-31 |archive-date=2021-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022103245/https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/privatesector#he |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Muri 2020, Heirs Holdings yaguze neza OML17 muri [[:en:Shell_plc|Shell]], [[:en:TotalEnergies|Total]] na [[:en:Eni|Eni]] mubyo bita peteroli na gaze muri Afrika mumwaka wa 2020<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/afreximbank-releases-250m-for-tnogs-acquisition-of-45-stake-in-oml-17/</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-nigeria-oil-sale-idUSKBN29L07Q</ref> == Ishoramari == Ishoramari rya Heirs Holdings ryateguwe muburyo butandatu: [[:en:Financial_services|Serivise yimari]], [[:en:Electricity_generation|ingufu]], [[:en:Fossil_fuel|peteroli na gaze]], [[:en:Real_estate|umutungo utimukanwa]], [[:en:Hospitality|kwakira abashyitsi]] no [[:en:Health_care|kwita kubuzima]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africanews.space/africas-heirs-holdings-portfolio-company-planet-labs-is-going-public/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-01-31 |archive-date=2021-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160721/https://africanews.space/africas-heirs-holdings-portfolio-company-planet-labs-is-going-public/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubukungu == Inyungu za Heirs Holdings nishoramari muri serivisi zimari bigabanya amabanki, ubwishingizi, banki ishoramari, imicungire yumutungo no kwandikisha isoko ryimari<ref>https://www.heirsholdings.com/investments/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160547/https://www.cbinsights.com/investor/heirs-holdings/</ref> * [[:en:United_Bank_for_Africa|United Bank for Africa Plc (UBA)]] – A Nigerian pan-African financial services group headquartered in Lagos with subsidiaries in 20 African countries and offices in London, [[Paris]], and New York. * United Capital Plc – Financial and investment services group * Africa Prudential Registrars – A Nigerian Capital Market Registration Company * NASD OTC Market – A secondary trading market for securities of publicly listed companies primarily in Nigeria * Heirs Insurance Brokers Limited (HIB) – insurance broking and risk management firm. * Heirs Insurance Limited – covers general insurance services * Heirs Life Assurance Limited – provides specialist life insurance services. == Ubuyobozi == As of August 1, 2021: * Tony Elumelu (Chairman) * Emmanuel Nnorom (CEO) * Dr. Awele Elumelu (Non-Executive Director) * Angela Aneke (Independent Non-Executive Director) * Alex Trotter (Independent Non-Executive Director) * Andrew Alli (Independent Non-Executive Director) * Dan Okeke (Executive Director) == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Inganda]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] qfewfby0w38yjkjszfeirgto37bi6nn Kaminuza y' ikoranabuhanga n'ubugeni ya byumba 0 9988 137233 120227 2026-09-15T13:55:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:UTAB.jpg|thumb|kaminuza y'ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni ya byumba ]] Kaminuza y ikoranabuhanga n' ubugeni ya byumba mu magambo y icyongereza ni "U niversity of Technology and Arts of Byumba (UTAB)", ni kaminuza yo mu Rwanda itanga ubumenyi butandukanye mu mashami y' ikoranabuhanga n' ubugeni iherere mu ntara y' amajyaruguru mu karere ka Gicumbi <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/ibikorwa-by-uburezi/article/batsindiye-kwiga-muri-kaminuza-batararangiza-n-ayisumbuye</ref>. == Amateka == UTAB ni kaminuza y ikoranabuhanga n'ubugeni iherere mu karere ka gicumbi ikaba yarakinguhe amarembo ya abashaka ubumenyi muri mutarama ku wa 26 mu mwaka wa bibiri ni tandatu (2006) ikaba yaritwaga "Institut Polytechnique de Byumba(IPB)" <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/kaminuza-ya-utab-yabonye-umuyobozi-mushya</ref> . Ku wa 25 ugushyingo 2015 icyahoze cyitwa IPB <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/ipb-byumba |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205204528/https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/ipb-byumba |url-status=dead }}</ref>cyahindutse UTAB hiyongeramo andi masomo ajyanye ni icunga mutungo , uburezi ndetse nayandi iba kamunuza yemeywe mu Rwanda n' icyigo gishinzwe amashuri na za kaminuza mu Rwanda aricyo HEC. UTAB ni kaminuza imaze imyaka irenga 10 gitanga ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni ku banyeshuri babanyarwanda na abanyamahanga <ref>https://twitter.com/newtimesrwanda/status/1007936829021138944</ref>. == Ubuyobozi == Ubuyobozi bwa kaminuza y ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni <ref>UTAB yabonye abayobozi bashya basimbura abarimo Padiri Nyombayire bayiyoboraga - IGIHE.com</ref>ya byumba iyobowe na Prof. Dr Clet NIYIKIZA afatanyije na Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Nzakamwita Servilien, Umushumba wa Diyoseze ya Byumba ni izindi nzego za UTAB n' ubuyobozi bwa abanyeshuri <ref>Kaminuza ya UTAB yabonye umuyobozi mushya - Kigali Today</ref>. == Amasomo == UTAB itanga amasomo mu byiciro bitandukanye nka " undergraduate " icyiciro cya ambere cya kaminuza , icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza aricyo " postgraduate " mu rurimi rw' icyongereza na amaso y igihe gito "short course " mu rurimi rw' icyongereza <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tzunicollege.com/utab-academic-calendar/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205204527/https://tzunicollege.com/utab-academic-calendar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ikiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza hari aya masomo akurikira "Undergraduate " === * Accounting * Rural development * Entrepreneurship and Cooperative Management * Microfinance * Social Work * Anthropologie * Faculty of Education<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/utab |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205204526/https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/utab |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza hari aya masomo akurikira " postgraduate " === harimo amaosomo y uburezi , ubunzi n ibidukikije <ref>Undergraduate programs – University of Technology and Arts of Byumba – UTAB</ref> === ikiciro cya amasomo yi igihe gito na aya akurikira "short courses " === {| class="wikitable" |Stock exchange Certificate (SITI) |- |Certified Public Accountants (CPA) |- |Certificate in ICT Skills Professional Certificate in English Professional Certificate in Kinyarwanda Professional Certificate in Kiswahili |} na andi menshi <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ubudasa-bwacu-tubushyire-mu-ikoranabuhanga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-05 |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205204525/https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ubudasa-bwacu-tubushyire-mu-ikoranabuhanga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] mxzjcaoegnt9l9nibudny0vrz64f5le Guturitsa Intambi 0 10111 137754 117501 2026-09-15T17:07:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137754 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gatumwa.jpg|thumb|Urutare]] [[Dosiye:Gukura amabuye n'umusenyi muruzi vyica ikirere.jpg|thumb]] Guturitsa intambi ni bumwe mu buryo bukoresha mugihe hari gucukurwa amabuye atandukanye ,no muguturitsa ahantu hakomeye nko mu misozi , ubu buryo bwo gukoresha intambi bwangiza ibidukikije ndetse bukagira ingaruka mbi ku baturage baba begereye cyagwa batuye hafite yaho ziturikirizwa <ref>https://my250tv.com/2020/08/31/ikigo-gishinzwe-mine-gaz-na-peteroli-cyasobanuye-ibyabaye-ku-mashyuza-yi-rusizi/</ref> == Bimwe mu bice byo mu gihugu cy u Rwanda byagarage ikibazo k' ituritswa ry'intambi == Abaturage ba Jabana bo mu mugi wa kigali bagaragaje ko bakomeje kubangamirwa ni ituritswa ry'intambi mu gihe hakorwaga umuhanda , mu murenge wa Rusenge mu karere ka nyaruguru <ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Bamwe-mu-batuye-muri-Nyaruguru-babangamiwe-no-guturitsa-intambi</ref>,mu karere ka Karongi na Rubavu naho hagararagara ikibazo k' ituritswa ry'intambi ndetse ni ingaruka, ituritsa ry'intambi rigira kubaturage. <ref>Abangirijwe n’intambi mu gukora umuhanda Karongi-Rubavu bijejwe ingurane - Kigali Today</ref>. == Ingaruka ziterwa n' ituritswa ry intambi == * Abantu bahaburira ubuzima * Iyangirika ry'ibikorwa remezo * Isenyuka n'iyangirika rya amazu * Iyangirika ry'ibidukikije<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Mont-Kigali-Urutare-rwa-Semafigi-rugiye-guturitswa</ref> * Kubura ubuzima rw'ibisobe bw'ibinyabuzima (inyamaswa , nu tundi dusimba tuba mu butaka )<ref>Abangirijwe n’intambi mu gukora umuhanda Karongi-Rubavu bijejwe ingurane - Kigali Today</ref> * Kwangirika kwimera * Nibindi ......................................<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/ikigo-gishinzwe-mine-gaz-na-peteroli-cyasobanuye-ibyabaye-ku-mashyuza-y-i-rusizi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibyangiza ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] igj56r3fkw4pfusc4w53ifqryghvk1t IFUMBIRE MVARUGANDA 0 10134 137200 130219 2026-09-15T13:16:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137200 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flexible intermediate bulk containers-Fertilizer.jpg|thumb|ifumbire mva ruganda|180x180px]] [[Dosiye:घुरुवा.jpg|thumb]] Ifumbire mvaruganda ni imwe mu mafumbire akoreshwa mu [[Rwanda]] mu buhinzi, yongera umusaruro ariko igira ingaruka ku kugundura[gushimura] ubutaka, kwanduza [[Amazi, Isuku n'isukura|amazi]] n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/hagaragajwe-ingaruka-z-ifumbire-mvaruganda-ku-mihindagurikire-y-ikirere |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-25 |archive-date=2021-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424075804/https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/hagaragajwe-ingaruka-z-ifumbire-mvaruganda-ku-mihindagurikire-y-ikirere |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ifumbire mvaruganda yangiza ibidukikije . == [[Dosiye:Ibishingwe.jpg|thumb|178x178px|Ifumbire y'imborera]] Imvaruganda ikunzwe gukoreshwa mu buhinzi bw'ibihingwa bitandukanye mu gihugu hari ikoreshwa babagara imyaka cg bayitera . Haje gukorwa ubushakakashatsi bugaragaza ko ifumbire mvaruganda kubera ikoreshwa ryayo ryishi cyangwa nabi yangiza ibidukikije n'ibinyabuzima biba mubutaka . ifumbire mvaruganda yangiza ubutaka nttihaboneke umusaruro wari witezwe ndetse no kwanduza [[Amazi, Isuku n'isukura|amazi]] bika byica bimwe mu binyabuzima n'ibimera biba mu mazi<ref>https://flash.rw/2022/01/20/gukoresha-ifumbire-mvaruganda-yonyine-byangiza-ubutaka-ubushakashatsi/</ref> . == Uburyo abahinzi bagira umusaruro mwiza badakoresheje ifumbire mvaruganda == [[Dosiye:Manure spreading Hlokozi 2007 11 29.jpg|thumb|umuhinzi uri gufumbira umurima|170x170px]] Hamaze gukora ubushakashatsi bywagaragaje ko ifumbire mvaruganda yangiza ibidukikije ikanduza [[Amazi, Isuku n'isukura|amazi]] ibigo bitandukanye byita kubidukijreje byakanguriye abahinzi gukoresha ifumbire y'imborera ,ikomoka kubimera ,ku [[Amatungo|matungo]] ,kubisagazwa bya amatungo,no gukoresha ifumbire nziza itangwa [[Iminyorogoto|n'iminyorogoto]] yatangiye gukoreshwa mu [[Rwanda]] itangiza ibidukikije kandi itanga umusaruro <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gukora-ifumbire-yifashishije-iminyorogoto-n-utundi-dukoko-bimuteje-imbere</ref>. == Ifumbire itangwa ni iminyorogoto == Hamazwe gukora ubugenzuzi n'ubushakashatsi hasanzwe ifumbire y'imborera ikorwa hifashishijwe [[iminyorogoto]] ari nziza ku bihingwa n'urosobe rw'ibimera n'ibidukikije muri rusange <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/247900 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-04 |archive-date=2023-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813012344/https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/247900 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Dosiye:Imvaruganda mbi.jpg|thumb|Urugero rw'ifumbire mvaruganda rukoreshwa |154x154px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] k1iu7bqkxnt06wvxwawxi5hn70mt8xs Amashashi na Parasitiki 0 10148 137201 120176 2026-09-15T13:16:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Garbage and plastic waste in drainage channel in Butare town in Bushenyi District in Western Uganda 01.jpg|thumb|parasitiki|272x272px]] [[Dosiye:Plastic bags ((in plastic bags) in a plastic bag store) (2062671754).jpg|thumb|Plastic bags|164x164px]] [[Dosiye:Plastic bags ((in plastic bags) in a plastic bag store) (2061879943).jpg|thumb|amashashi|166x166px]] [[Dosiye:Plastic Carrier Bags.png|thumb|Plastic Carrier Bags|162x162px]] [[Dosiye:Plastic bags.jpg|thumb|Plastic bags (amasashe)|165x165px]] [[Dosiye:SZ Shenzhen food shopping plastic bags tomato n green vegetable February 2024 R12S.jpg|thumb|SZ Shenzhen food shopping plastic bags tomato n green vegetable|152x152px]] Reta y'u [[Rwanda]] yatangiye guca ikoreshwa ry' amashashi na parasitiki nkabimwe mu bikoresho byifashishwaga mu buzima bw' abanyarwanda harimo uducupa twamazi dukoze muri palasitiki , amashashi yakoreshwaga afungwamo bimwe mu bicuruzwa [[Isukari|nk'isukari]], amafu atandukanye cyangwa amashashi yakoreshwaga atwarwamo ibyahashywe mu masoko.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/u-rwanda-nyuma-yo-guca-amashashi-pulasitiki-zikoreshwa-rimwe-nazo-zatangiye</ref> == Itegeko rihana ikoreshwa ry' amasashi na parasiki == Mu mwaka wa 2008, Leta y’u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] yasohoye itegeko ribuza ikorwa, itumizwa, ikoreshwa n’icuruzwa ry’amasashi akoze muri parasitiki. Iri tegeko rinagena n’ibihano ku warirezeho birimo igifungo kiva ku mezi atandatu kugeza ku mwaka n’ihazabu iva ku bihumbi 100 kugera ku bihumbi 500 Frw cyangwa kimwe muri byo ku bakora cyangwa abakoresha aya masashi. Ugurisha  aya masashi we ahanishwa kuva ku ihazabu y’ibihumbi 10 kugera ku bihumbi 300 Frw, naho umuntu wese utabyemerewe ukoresha aya masashi  ahanishwa ihazabu iri hagati y’ibihumbi 5 n’ibihumbi 100<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/amashashi-rema-yayahagurukiyeuyafatanywe-aracibwa-agera-kuri-300-000-frw.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-25 |archive-date=2024-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226070624/https://ar.umuseke.rw/amashashi-rema-yayahagurukiyeuyafatanywe-aracibwa-agera-kuri-300-000-frw.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ikoreshwa ry'amashashi na parasiki byangiza ibidukikije == Nyuma yikorwa ry'ubushakakashatsi ku bidukikije reta y'uRwanda ibicishije mu Ikigo cy’ igihugu cyo kurengera ibidukikije REMA bagarageje muri zimwe mu ngaruka mbi ziterwa n'ikoreshwa ry' amashashi na palastiki zikurikira :<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/ikindi-gikorwa-cyo-kurwanya-ikoreshwa-ry-amashashi.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-25 |archive-date=2022-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425190952/https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/ikindi-gikorwa-cyo-kurwanya-ikoreshwa-ry-amashashi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Amashashi na parasiki bigira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije harimo gutuma amazi y’imvura atabasha gucengera mu butaka n’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ukagabanuka. * Amashashi na parasiki arekura imyuka ihumanya igihe atwitswe cyangwa akoreshejwe mu gupfundikira ibiryo biri ku ziko. * Amashashi na parasiki biteza umwanda ku bidukije ndetse no mu nzuzi n'imigezi kuko bitabora . * Amashashi na purasiki byangiza inzira z' amazi bikaba byateza isuru . * Amashashi na parsiki byangiza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/guca-amashashi-byagabanyije-umwanda-muri-kigali</ref>. Amashashi na parasiki byangiza ibidukikije umwuka duhumeka,yanduza amazi ndetse ni izindi ngaruka mbi cyane kubidukikije muri rusange == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 6dhay6d237ryz3vetvx4okc5wdjpsw6 Ibinyoro 0 10172 137390 118556 2026-09-15T14:41:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Malignant_Melanoma_Left_Forearm_post_excision.jpg|thumb|ibinyoro ]] [[Dosiye:Wound_in_skin_caused_by_boils_in_skin_(deep_skin_bacterial_infections)_2024_16.jpg|thumb|Ibisebe ]] [[Dosiye:B. Burnett Ham, A synoptic chart of skin diseases Wellcome L0003644.jpg|thumb|ibinyoro]] Indwara y'ibinyoro '''Ibinyoro''' n'indwara y'ibasira Ikiremwa muntu, Igafata cyane uruhu, amagufwa n'utundi duce, nka [[Itabi|karitiraje]], ibinyoro akaba n'indwara yandura hagati y'umuntu n'undi, ikaba yarabayeho kuva kera<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ubuzimainfo.rw/byinshi-ku-ndwara-yibinyoro-indwara-itera-kwangirika-ku-ruhu-iyo-itavuwe-kare/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-26 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928133348/https://ubuzimainfo.rw/byinshi-ku-ndwara-yibinyoro-indwara-itera-kwangirika-ku-ruhu-iyo-itavuwe-kare/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Uko indwara y'ibinyoro yandura == Ubusanzwe indwara y'ibinyoro n'indwara utera Kwangirika kuruhu iyo itavuwe kare kandi ngo ivurwe neza.Indwara y'ibinyoro ikaba iterwa n'agakoko ka [[Treponema pallidum|treponema]] [[Treponema pallidum|pertenue]]. Indwara y' ibinyoro ikaba ikunda kuboneka mugihugu cyangwa mubice aho isuku arinke, nanone ibinyoro bikunda kuboneka mubice by'amashyamba, ikaba iterwa n'isuku nkeya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/betamethasone/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-26 |archive-date=2019-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426121019/https://umutihealth.com/betamethasone/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] i56s1869ra2071y2bei0p33i7vkopsy Marie Goreth Nyiraminani 0 10200 137451 121761 2026-09-15T15:14:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137451 wikitext text/x-wiki Marie Goreth Nyiraminani (27 Kamena 1981), ni umupasiteri [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga, yabayeho agearageza guharanira ko bagenzi be babaho bishimye<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/29119</ref>. Ni umuhanzi akaba kandi akora umwuga wo kwita ku misatsi muri rusange. == Ubuzima bwe == Marie Goreth Nyiraminani yavutse 27 Kamena 1981 avukana ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga we na murumuna we.<ref name=":0" /> Mu 1994 muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yabuze mama we na barumuna be babiri naho basaza be batutu baburirwa irengero, Nyiraminani yasigaranye na Se bajya mu [[Ubugande|bugande]]<ref name=":0" />. = Uburezi = Nyiraminani yize amashuri abanza mu ishuri rya [[Butare]] ry'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva. Mu mwaka wa 2001, yahise yerekeza mu gihugu cya [[Kenya]] aho yagiye gukurikirana amasomo y'umwaka umwe mu ishuri rya [[Bibiliya]].<ref name=":0" /> Ubumenyi yakuye ku ishuri rya Bibiliya bwamushoboje gushinga itorero ry'abafite ubumuga bukomatanyije bwo kutumva no kutavuga i Kigali. Aho yakodesheje icyumba gikodeshwa kiri iruhande rw'itorero rikuru rya Union des Eglise Baptistes du Rwanda (UEBR).<ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Marie Goreth Nyiraminani yize amashuri ye abanza mu ishuri ry'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga ahahoze hitwa Butare mu ntara y'amajyepfo akomereza mu gihugu cya Kenya aho yigiye amasomo y'igihe gito mu ishuri rya bibiriya.<ref name=":0" /> Asoje amasomo yafunguye urusengero rw'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga i Kigali. Nyiraminani ni umuhanzi akaba anakora umwuga wo gusokoza imisatsi bimufasha mu mibereho ye ya buri munsi hamwe na murumuna we nawe ufite ubwo bumuga.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abavugabutumwa babagore]] 7eio4xob58mbzyodgmzoy27znuxi11i Munyaneza Dorothée 0 10214 137645 126940 2026-09-15T16:48:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137645 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dorothée Munyaneza at Zürcher Theatre Spektakel 2025 03.jpg|thumb|Dorothée Munyaneza 2025]] '''Dorothée Munyaneza''' (wavutse 1982) ni umuririmbyi, umukinnyi wa filime, umubyinnyi wo mu [[bwongereza]] ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]]. Yagaragaye mu bice bibiri bya filimi, ''Samedi Détente'' na ''Unwanted'', byombi bijyanye na [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu Rwanda muri 1994<ref name="NYT" />. == Ubuzima bwite == [[Dosiye:Canterbury Christ Church University - geograph.org.uk - 2910976.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Cantervuty Christ, Munyaneza yizeho ibijyanye numuziki]] Munyaneza yavukiye i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="NYT">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/19/arts/dance/dorothee-munyaneza-unwanted-rwanda.html</ref> Se ni umuvugabutumwa, naho nyina ni umunyamakuru. <ref name="Provence">https://www.laprovence.com/article/sorties-loisirs/4498002/la-resiliente.html</ref> Munyaneza n'umuryango we bavuye i Kigali mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]], igihe Munyaneza yari afite imyaka 12. <ref name="NYT" /> Nyina yakoraga mu muryango utegamiye kuri Leta, bityo akaba yarashoboye kurinda umuryango we, ndetse abona inzira ijyera i Londres mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]. <ref name="Provence" /> <ref name="CR">{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/unwanted-dorothee-munyaneza/Content?oid=58806676 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-date=2021-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507002043/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/unwanted-dorothee-munyaneza/Content?oid=58806676 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Liberation">{{Cite web |url=https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2015/01/19/dorothee-munyaneza-une-danseuse-de-haut-volt_1184051 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-date=2020-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115012611/https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2015/01/19/dorothee-munyaneza-une-danseuse-de-haut-volt_1184051 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Munyaneza yize muri Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle . Mu gihe yigaga yahuye na Christine Sigwart washinze Jonas Foundation, umuryango utabara imbabare ugamije guhuza abana babimukira n'imiryango yabo. akunda umuziki, kuko yize umuziki muri Jonas Foundation. <ref name="Provence" /> <ref name="Point">http://www.lepoint.fr/culture/dorothee-munyaneza-choregraphe-chanteuse-et-rescapee-du-genocide-du-rwanda-07-07-2017-2141275_3.php#xtmc=dorothee-munyaneza&xtnp=1&xtcr=1</ref> Munyaneza yize umuziki n'ubumenyi mbonezamubano muri kaminuza ya Canterbury Christ . <ref name="CB">https://www.culturebot.org/2017/09/27508/refusing-to-bow-down-dorothee-munyaneza-speaks-about-unwanted/</ref> Ubu atuye i Marseille, mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], <ref name="Provence" /> <ref name="CB" /> kandi afite umwana w'umukobwa. <ref name="Liberation" /> == Umwuga == Munyaneza yatewe inkunga no gukora ku ngingo ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda muri 1994 nyuma yo kubona ibyegeranyo kuri iyo ngingo, cyane cyane iyanditswe na Thierry Michel ivuga ku bikorwa bya Denis Mukwege . <ref name="FC">{{Cite web |url=http://frenchculture.org/performing-arts/6181-dorothee-munyaneza-about-unwanted |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-date=2019-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714153626/http://frenchculture.org/performing-arts/6181-dorothee-munyaneza-about-unwanted |url-status=dead }}</ref> Munyaneza niwe wakoze amajwi ya firime ya ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' . Yatangiye ari umuririmbyi n'umwanditsi w'inkuru muri firime, ariko nyuma atangira kubyina muburyo busa nuburyo yabyinnye akiri umwana mu [[Rwanda]]. Yakoranye na François Verret [ fr ], Robyn Orlin, Rachid Ouramdane [ fr ], Nan Goldin, Mark Tompkins, Ko Murobushi na Alain Buffard [ fr ] <ref name="NYT" /> <ref name="RFI">http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20161106-dorothee-munyaneza-rediffusion</ref> Nkumuririmbyi, yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere wenyine muri 2010, yakozwe na Martin Russell . Muri 2012, yakoranye n'umwongereza James Seymour Brett gukora alubumu ''Earth Songs'' . <ref name="CB" /> Muri 2013, yagaragaye mu gitaramo cya Rachid Ouramdane i Rennes, mu Bufaransa. Mu gitaramo, yavuze amazina y'Abanyalijeriya bishwe mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Paris mu 1961 . <ref name="Liberation" /> Muri 2014, Munyaneza yakoze filimi ''Samedi Détente'' (kuruhuka kuwagatandatu). Yibanze kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], uburyo abantu 1000000 bapfuye mu minsi 100, <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/16/theater/review-samedi-detente-looks-back-at-the-horrors-of-rwanda.html?_r=0&module=inline</ref> n'ubunararibonye bwe kuri jenoside. <ref name="FT">https://www.ft.com/content/28e90f9a-de86-11e7-a0d4-0944c5f49e46</ref> Igikorwa cyatangiriye i Nîmes, mu [[Bufaransa]]. <ref>https://culturebox.francetvinfo.fr/theatre/samedi-detente-une-piece-de-dorothee-munyaneza-pour-dire-le-genocide-rwandais-255527</ref> Muri 2017, yakoze ''Unwanted'', filimi ye ya kabiri ijyanye na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]. Igikorwa cyagaragayemo Alain Mahé  <ref name="NYT" /> ''Unwanted'' ifite intego yibanze kubagore bafashwe kungufu nabana babo batwite. Munyaneza yerekanye ''Unwanted'' mu iserukiramuco rya d'Avignon 2017, <ref name="Monde">https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/03/29/de-paris-a-kigali-l-art-fait-le-printemps_5102760_3212.html#zFI1V0CjwKwcGUCd.99</ref> <ref name="RFI2">http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20170709-festival-avignon-2017-unwanted-dorothee-munyaneza</ref> <ref name="Liberation2">{{Cite web |url=https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2017/07/13/dorothee-munyaneza-au-choeur-des-tenebres_1583699 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-date=2019-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714153615/https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2017/07/13/dorothee-munyaneza-au-choeur-des-tenebres_1583699 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ndetse no muri Festival d'automne à Paris [ fr ] <ref name="FT" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] fkrs9obtnjkc932r1l80br352jxbbq5 Neza Patricia Masozera 0 10229 137202 129495 2026-09-15T13:16:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137202 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neza''' '''Patricia Masozera''' ,(yavutse 23 Ukuboza 1984) azwi cyane ku izina rya '''Neza'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-neza-agiye-guhurira-mu-gitaramo-kimwe-nabahanzi-wizkid-ndetse-na-patoranking/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629013154/https://www.teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-neza-agiye-guhurira-mu-gitaramo-kimwe-nabahanzi-wizkid-ndetse-na-patoranking/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/mcg-empires-first-international-act-neza-has-released-a-new-video-for-my-baby-feat-mc-galaxy/</ref>, ni umuhanzikazi [[Kanada|w'umunyakanada]] ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] <ref name="newtimes1">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201181</ref> <ref name="neza mtvbase feature">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/rwandan-sensation-neza-signs-with-nigerian-mcg-empire/7btzwc |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2019-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404160530/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/rwandan-sensation-neza-signs-with-nigerian-mcg-empire/7btzwc |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="artsglo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.artsglo.com/2017/12/07/interesting-facts-you-need-to-know-about-musician-neza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2023-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606200538/https://www.artsglo.com/2017/12/07/interesting-facts-you-need-to-know-about-musician-neza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.naijamusic.com.ng/skales-and-neza-officially-a-couple-they-both-shared-loved-up-photo-on-instagram/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2020-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920021403/https://www.naijamusic.com.ng/skales-and-neza-officially-a-couple-they-both-shared-loved-up-photo-on-instagram/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/neza-my-baby-ft-mc-galaxy-video-id5213727.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2018-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114060155/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/neza-my-baby-ft-mc-galaxy-video-id5213727.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2017, yahawe igihembo cya '"Most Promising Artist in Africa" na All Africa Music Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.afrima.org/blog/afrima-2017-winners-list/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035519/https://www.afrima.org/blog/afrima-2017-winners-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kera == Neza Yabuze se akiri muto arerwa na nyina wapfakaye. Kubera inzara mu gihugu cyamavuko muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], umuryango wimukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1995. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, umuryango wimukiye i Toronto, muri [[Kanada]] biturutse ku cyifuzo cya mushiki we cyo kumuha ubuzima bwiza kandi butekanye. <ref name="tribuneonlineng">{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/90179/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2019-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422155656/https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/90179/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Neza yatangiye [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] mu ntangiriro za 2000, Muri 2010, Neza yasohoye EP 7 yiswe 'Brand New', yagaragayemo indirimbo 'Go Gettaz'. Indirimbo yagaragaye kandi kuri mixtape ya DJ Charlie Brown 'Brown Billz - R&B Edition'. Amashusho ye remix ya 'Pop That' ya French Montana yasohotse muri [[Nzeri]] 2012,yanyuze kuri tereviziyo y'igihugu mu [[Rwanda]]. Muri 2017, Neza yimukiye i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]], maze asinyana n'umuririmbyi wo muri [[Nijeriya]], Mc Galaxy amasezerano yo gukorana mu muziki, MCG Empire. <ref name="thenetng">http://thenet.ng/mc-galaxy-signs-rwandan-singer-neza/</ref> <ref name="mtvbase">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/Rwandan-sensation-Neza-serves-us-with-Vibe-ft-MC-Galaxy/q66ypp |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2018-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114061729/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/Rwandan-sensation-Neza-serves-us-with-Vibe-ft-MC-Galaxy/q66ypp |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="newtimes">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/224979</ref> Neza yasohoye indirimbo eshatu (Uranyica, Shaba & Vibe) munsi iyo label. <ref name="notjustok">https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/skales-releases-mr-love-album/</ref> <ref name="pmnewsnigeria">https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/04/03/neza-releases-shaba/</ref> Yagaragaye kandi kuri Album ya Skales umuhanzi wo muri [[Nigeriya]] mu ndirimbo ebyiri "Gbe" na "Good Life <ref name="thecable">https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/skales-releases-mr-love-album/</ref> <ref name="liveloaded">{{Cite web |url=https://liveloaded.com/2018/07/20/music-skales-good-life-ft-neza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2018-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210615/https://liveloaded.com/2018/07/20/music-skales-good-life-ft-neza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="naijatoxic">{{Cite web |url=https://naijatoxic.com.ng/skales-ft-neza-gbe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2018-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210501/https://naijatoxic.com.ng/skales-ft-neza-gbe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === indirimbo yasohoye === ** My Baby ft MC Galaxy <ref name="deezer2">{{cite web|url=https://www.deezer.com/en/album/13442015|title=Neza: My Baby (feat. MC Galaxy) - Music Streaming - Listen on Deezer|website=deezer.com|accessdate=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210514/https://www.deezer.com/en/album/13442015|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Shabba ** Vibe ft MC Galaxy <ref name="notjustok22">{{cite web|url=https://notjustok.com/song/neza-ft-mc-galaxy-vibe/|title=Neza ft. MC Galaxy - Vibe - Latest Naija Nigerian Music, Songs &amp; Video|website=notjustok.com|accessdate=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113210809/https://notjustok.com/song/neza-ft-mc-galaxy-vibe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Slay Mama <ref name="nigeriansounds2">{{cite web|url=http://nigeriansounds.com/2017/10/audio-neza-slay-mama/|author=Run Run Sure|title=Audio:- Neza – Slay Mama|website=NigerianSounds.com|accessdate=13 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113212241/http://nigeriansounds.com/2017/10/audio-neza-slay-mama/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Only God Knows<ref name="youtube2">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMbbUm6d6gM|title=Only God Knows by Neza Official Music Video &#91;IKNShow&#93; HD|website=YouTube|accessdate=13 November 2018}}</ref> * === collabo === ** Deejay Pius - "Tempramido" feat. Mc Galaxy & Neza ** MC Galaxy – "Snapchat" feat. Neza, Kelly Pyle & Musicman TY ** MC Galaxy ft Neza - Jacurb Dance == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] pl56ua6njybey6g1cdidnahq8geei4k Esther Mbabazi 0 10230 137203 120076 2026-09-15T13:16:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Esther Mbabazi''' ni umupiloti w’indege z’ubucuruzi wabigize umwuga mu [[Rwanda]], igihugu [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|kigize Umuryango w’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]] . Niwe mutegarugori wa mbere mu [[Rwanda]] wemejwe ko ari umupiloti w'indege. Yerekeza mu RwandAir, kompanyi y'indege y'igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="TheG">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/15/rwanda-first-female-pilot</ref> <ref name="TheC">http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/17/world/africa/rwandas-first-female-pilot-esther-mbabazi/</ref> <ref name="TheK">{{Cite web |url=http://www.konnectafrica.net/esther-mbabazi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730231409/http://www.konnectafrica.net/esther-mbabazi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:2012-06-21 07-13-14 Kenya Nairobi Area Empakasi.jpg|thumb|Rwandair|305x305px]] == Amavu n'amavuko == [[Dosiye:KigaliAirport.jpg|thumb|ikibuga k'indege cya kigali mu Rwanda]] Yavukiye mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] ahagana mu 1988, ku babyeyi [[Rwanda|b'Abanyarwanda]]. Se na nyina ni abapasitori b'ububyutse. Igihe Esther yari afite imyaka igera ku munani, ise yapfuye azize impanuka y'indege muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.one.org/africa/blog/meet-esther-the-first-female-commercial-pilot-in-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2021-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423142157/https://www.one.org/africa/blog/meet-esther-the-first-female-commercial-pilot-in-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Uyu muryango wasubiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1996. Yitoje mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’indege za gisivili muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba muri [[Uganda]][[Ubugande|,]] mbere yuko RwandAir imutera inkunga yo gukomeza imyitozo i Miami, muri Floride . <ref name="TheG" /><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/77614</ref> == Amashuri == umunyarwandakazi Esther Mbabazi yize ahantu haandukanye aho yagiye abona n'amahugurwa atandukanye kubyo akora, harimo nko mukigo cy'Afurika y'iburasirazuba mubijyanye n'Indege za Gisicile mugihugu cy'abaturanyi cya [[Uganda]] nyuma yaho akomereza amasomo ye muri Miami muri [[Amerika|Leta ya Florida]], arinaho yavuye aza gutangira [[Dosiye:RwandAir Logotype.png|thumb|Ikirango k'indege Atwara mu Rwanda]] Imirimoye mu [[Rwanda]] muri sosiyete ikora ingendo zo mukirere [[Rwandair]]. == Umwuga == Esther Mbabazi arangije amasomo ye muri [[Amerika]], yahawe akazi na RwandAir kugira ngo ajye atwara Boeing 737 na kuri CRJ900, guhera mu 2012, ubwo yari afite imyaka 24<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/pilote-esther-mbabazi-n-umucuranzi-wa-beauty-for-ashes-bakoreye-ubukwe-ku |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502074820/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/pilote-esther-mbabazi-n-umucuranzi-wa-beauty-for-ashes-bakoreye-ubukwe-ku |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2019/rwandas-first-female-pilot-esther-mbabazi-reflects-on-her-experience-in-the-cockpit/</ref>.akaba ari nawo mwuga agikora kugeza ubu. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abapiloti]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] euouy6bl8z4w8shqiyvlm1c9zs22vgv Marie Thérèse Mukamulisa 0 10233 137428 133736 2026-09-15T14:55:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q39859866}} '''Mukamulisa Marie Thérèse''' ( yavutse ku ya 29 Kamena 1965) ni umunyamategeko w'[[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] ukora mu rukiko [[Afurika|nyafurika]] rurengera [[uburenganzira bwa muntu]] n'abaturage kuva muri 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fr.igihe.com/rwanda-des-departs-et-des-entrees-a-la-cour.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928222228/https://fr.igihe.com/rwanda-des-departs-et-des-entrees-a-la-cour.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == [[Dosiye:Université de Moncton, campus de Shippagan.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Moncton]] Mukamulisa yavukiye i [[Kigali]] ku ya 29 Kamena 1965. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |url=http://judiciary.gov.rw/about-us/supreme_court_justices/justice_mukamulisa_marie_therese.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031132305/http://judiciary.gov.rw/about-us/supreme_court_justices/justice_mukamulisa_marie_therese.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |url=http://en.african-court.org/index.php/judges/current-judges |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115082548/http://en.african-court.org/index.php/judges/current-judges |url-status=dead }}</ref> Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko yakuye muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] (1990) n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko rusange yakuye muri kaminuza ya Moncton i New Brunswick, muri [[Kanada]] (1993). <ref name="bio" /> <ref name="profile" /> Afite Masters mu bushakashatsi bwa Jenoside no kuyikumira yakuye mu kigo gishinzwe gucunga amakimbirane muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]]. <ref name="profile" /> == Umwuga == Mukamulisa yari umucungamari n'umubitsi mu mushinga wo gukora iperereza ku buhinzi bashingiye ku mibare. Yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe ubwishingizi bw'imodoka muri Sonarwa hamwe n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’umuryango utegamiye kuri leta CCOAIB. Mukamulisa yari umwe mu bakomiseri cumi na babiri bateguye Itegeko nshinga ry'u [[Rwanda]] nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside]], kandi yabaye umwarimu mu mategeko muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]]. <ref name="profile" /> Mukamulisa yagizwe umucamanza w'urukiko rw'Ikirenga mu [[Rwanda]] muri 2003. Yavuze ku ngorane abagore bahura nazo mu nzego z’ubutabera, cyane cyane ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana no gufata ku ngufu, bitewe n’umuco n’uburinganire buri hasi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wfwmarketingimages.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/files/RWpaper.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915114219/http://wfwmarketingimages.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/files/RWpaper.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2015, yabaye umwe mu bagize inama nkuru y'Ubucamanza y'u [[Rwanda]]. Ni n'umwe mu bagize ihuriro mpuzamahanga rya International Hague Network of Judges. Mukamulisa yatorewe manda y'imyaka itandatu mu rukiko [[Afurika|nyafurika]] rushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu hamwe na Ntyam Mengue ukomoka uri [[Kameruni|Kameroni]] muri Nyakanga 2016. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203317</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukamulisa-agiye-kurahirira-kuba-umucamanza-mu-rukiko-rw-uburenganzira-bwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915114012/http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukamulisa-agiye-kurahirira-kuba-umucamanza-mu-rukiko-rw-uburenganzira-bwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ishyirwaho rye ryanenzwe kubera icyemezo cy’u [[Rwanda]] cyo kuva mu kwemerera abantu n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta kujuririra mu rukiko, ndetse no kuba Mukamulisa yaragize uruhare mu itsinda ry’abacamanza bakatiye umunyapolitiki utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, wajuririye uru urukiko muri [[Afurika]]. <ref>http://l-hora.org/?p=1276&lang=ca</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ijrcenter.org/2016/03/14/rwanda-withdraws-access-to-african-court-for-individuals-and-ngos/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230105223/http://www.ijrcenter.org/2016/03/14/rwanda-withdraws-access-to-african-court-for-individuals-and-ngos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170915114135/http://www.therwandan.com/blog/the-rwandan-state-has-boycotted-the-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights-in-case-no-0032014-which-opposes-it-to-ms-victoire-ingabire-umuhoza-president-of-the-fdu-inkingi/</ref> Mukamulisa yabaye kandi mu Nama Nkuru y'Ubucamanza mu Rwanda kuva muri 2015, ndetse akaba n'umwe mu bagize imiyoboro mpuzamahanga yo mu karere ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga y'abacamanza nk'umuryango mpuzamahanga w'i La Haye mu buholandi ya (IHNJ), Yabaye umucamanza w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rw'u Rwanda kuva mu 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.african-court.org/wpafc/lady-justice-marie-therese-mukamulisa-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-12 |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607100654/https://www.african-court.org/wpafc/lady-justice-marie-therese-mukamulisa-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amategeko]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] de6q5o8ymvd0lg5psko13pwksji7ulm Kaitesi Usta 0 10253 137234 111547 2026-09-15T13:55:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137234 wikitext text/x-wiki Kaitesi Usta ni umuyobozi w'urwego rw'igihugu rw'imiyoborere (RGB) mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://www.rgb.rw/1/about-rgb/senior-manager</ref> == Amashuri yize == [[Dosiye:Nieuw Gildestein Universiteit Utrecht.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Utrecht, Usta yizemo]] Kaitesi Usta afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu mategeko yakuyi muri kaminuza ya Utrecht mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholande]], afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mubijyanye n'amategeko yakuye muri kaminuza ya Ottawa muri [[Kanada]], afite n'impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu mategeko yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y'u Rwanda.]]<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Ottawa University main entrance point.jpg|center|thumb|Kaminuza ya Ottawa, Usta yakuyemo impamyabumenyi]] == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:Butare img.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza y'u Rwanda, Ishami rya Huye, Usta yigishijemo]] Kaitesi Usta yabaye umwarimu muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda i Huye, yabaye umuyobozi wa koleji y'ubugeni n'ubumenyi rusange , yabaye umwe mu bakomiseri barindwi bari bagize Komisiyo Ishinzwe gufasha Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kuvugurura Itegeko Nshinga.<ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/hashyizweho-abayobozi-bakuru-bashya-muri-rgb-na-rbc |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502211005/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/hashyizweho-abayobozi-bakuru-bashya-muri-rgb-na-rbc |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} mxyguoe331zw7ysbxuk310ibronbp9g Umunsi w' igiti 0 10254 137316 86975 2026-09-15T14:24:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137316 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sequoiadendron giganteum at Kenilworth Castle.jpg|thumb|IGITI]] Umunsi w' igiti mu Rwanda ni umunsi ngaruka mwaka wizihizwa hibandwa ku kamaro k' igiti mu mibereho ya muntu kandi ukaba n' umunsi washyizweho n' umuryango wabibumbye (UN) <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umuryango-w-abibumbye-washimye-uko-u-rwanda-rukomeje-gutera-amashyamba</ref> === Amavo namavuko === uyumunsi w' igiti watangiye kwizihizwa mu Rwanda hambere abanyarwanda bakawizihiza batera ibiti n' amashyamba ndetse hakabaho n' ibiganiro bisibanura akamaro k' amashyamba mu mibereho y' umuntu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umuryango-w-abibumbye-washimye-uko-u-rwanda-rukomeje-gutera-amashyamba</ref> === Ibyakozwen' uRwanda kuri uwo munsi === U Rwanda kuva rwatangira kwizihiza uwo munsi w' igiti mu Rwanda hakomejwe guterwa ibiti n' amashyamba, akenshi mu miganda ihuza abaturage kandi ukabona ko basobanukiwe n' akamaro k' amashyamba ndetse n' uburenganzira bwabo mu mibanire n' ibidukikije. mu mwaka wa 2019 kuwa 24 ukwakira nibwo umuryango w' abibumbye wifatanyije n' abanyarwanda mukwizihiza uyu minsi kandi hari mu muganda wo gutera igiti mu karere ka Kamonyi, aho umuyobozi w' umuryango w' abibumbye mu Rwanda Fode ndiayeyateye igiti kandi agashimira guverinoma y' u Rwanda ubushake n' umuhate ishyira mu gutera no kubungabungo ibiti n' amashyamba.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umuryango-w-abibumbye-washimye-uko-u-rwanda-rukomeje-gutera-amashyamba</ref><ref>https://www.flickr.com/photos/govrw/11148884746</ref> === Akamaro k' igiti mu mibereho y' umuntu. === [[Dosiye:Amazing trees located in the Volcanoes Park, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|TREES]] igiti n' ingirakamaro cyane, n' isoko y' umwuka duhumeka , isoko y' imvura ndetse igiti cyifashishwa mu mirimo yaburimunsi umuntu akora abanyarwanda ibi barabisobanukiwe nkuko mu mwaka wa 2015 byagarutsweho na minisitire w' umutungokamere BIRUTA Vicentt aho yari yasuye akanifatanya nabatuye akarere ka gatsibo kumunsi w' igiti. aha abaturage bagaragaje ko igiti gikwiye kubungabungwa kandi nababyangiza bagomba gufatirwa ingamba zo kubakebura kuko igiti n' inyungu rusange.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Minisitiri-Biruta-yibukije-abaturage-akamaro-k-igiti</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ix9824yxgbjy8lcgnbdtn7x7hr06oml NTIRENGANYA Emma Claudine 0 10276 137480 136459 2026-09-15T15:47:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NTIRENGANYA Emma Claudine''' wamamaye mu itangazamakuru nka Emma Claudine ubwo yakoraga kuri Radio Salus igihe kinini cyane, agakora mu kinyamakuru Ni Nyampinga, akaba ubu uri Umuvugizi w'Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] n'Umukozi Mukuru ushinzwe Itumanaho n'Uburezi rusange, i Kigali mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112566/emma-claudine-yahawe-akazi-muri-biro-byumuvugizi-wa-guverinoma-112566.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == '''Emma claudine''' ni umubyeyi wubatse ufite abana babiri, akaba yarabaye umunyamakuru kuri Radio Salus. Ari mu batangiranye na yo, bahanga gahunda y'iyo radiyo, kandi aba umuyobozi wa gahunda. Yamenyekanye mu kiganiro "'''Imenye Nawe'''" kandi yakoze n'ibindi biganiro birimo "'''Mu Rubohero'''".<ref>https://onlineradiobox.com/rw/salus/</ref> === Amashuri yize === '''Emma Claudine''' yaminuje muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] mu itangazamakuru (2000-2004). Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza yakuye mu gihugu cya Cyprus (Republic of Cyprus)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus</ref> muri [https://www.unic.ac.cy/ University of Nicosia] mu bijyanye no gucunga imishinga (Business Administration and Management General). Afite ubumenyi mu bijyanye na filime ndetse mu 2008 yasoje amasomo ye mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]]. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112566/emma-claudine-yahawe-akazi-muri-biro-byumuvugizi-wa-guverinoma-112566.html</ref> ===== Imirimo yakoze ===== Emma Claudine Nyuma y'igihe kinini akorera Radio Salus ya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminiza y'u Rwanda]] ishami rya Huye, riri mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], aho ibiganiro byinshi muri byo byibandaga ku buzima bw'imyororokere, akaba yarakoraga kandi no guteza imbere imyidagaduro mu [[Rwanda]] cyane muri muzika, aho yari umuyobozi wa Ikirezi Group itegura ikanatanga ibihembo bya Salax Awards.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/58523/nyuma-y-igihe-kinini-yari-ahamaze-emma-claudine-ntakiri-umunyamakuru-wa-radio-salus-58523.html</ref> Yaje kuhava muri 2014 agiye gukora muri NGOs yitwa Girl Hub Rwanda, nyuma yaje guhindura izina ikitwa Girl Effect, itegura ikinyamakuru Ni Nyampinga.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83066/urubyiruko-rukina-ikinamico-ya-ninyampinga-sakwe-rwahsyize-h-83066.html</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ninyampinga.com/en/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421110343/http://ninyampinga.com/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.global.girleffect.org/what-we-do/youth-brands/ni-nyampinga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135443/https://global.girleffect.org/what-we-do/youth-brands/ni-nyampinga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/emma-claudine-wakoreye-radio-salus-yahawe-umwanya-n-inama-y-abaminisitiri</ref>Avuye mu buholandi yasangije ubumenyi itsinda rya Les Stars du Theatre muri Kminuza y'uRwanda i [[Butare]] n'abandi banyamakuru ba Radio Salus banandika ikinamico. '''Emma Claudine''' amaze imyaka 15 afatwa nka "'''Shangazi'''" w'ingimbi n'abangavu kubera ibiganiro byerekeye ubuzima bw'imyororokere, iyi gahunda akaba yarayitangiriye kuri Radio Salus mu kiganiro yise "IMENYE NAWE" mu mwaka 2005. yabaye kandi Program Manager wa Radio Salus,<ref>https://onlineradiobox.com/rw/salus/</ref> mu gihe cy'imyaka 9 n'amezi 5.Yakoze ikiganiro cyiswe "BAZA SHANGAZI" mu kinyamakuru 'NI NYAMPINGA"<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83066/urubyiruko-rukina-ikinamico-ya-ninyampinga-sakwe-rwahsyize-h-83066.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83066/urubyiruko-rukina-ikinamico-ya-ninyampinga-sakwe-rwahsyize-h-83066.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.global.girleffect.org/what-we-do/youth-brands/ni-nyampinga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135443/https://global.girleffect.org/what-we-do/youth-brands/ni-nyampinga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> yari anabereye Managing Editor".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.global.girleffect.org/what-we-do/youth-brands/ni-nyampinga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135443/https://global.girleffect.org/what-we-do/youth-brands/ni-nyampinga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ninyampinga.com/en/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421110343/http://ninyampinga.com/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Akaba yaramaze imyaka 3,5 akuriye itumanaho mu mushinga w'imyaka itanu witwaga Soma Umenya, w'Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga ('''USAID'''). Uyu mushinga urangiye, yakuriye itumanaho mu wundi mushinga witwa RwandaEquip, umushinga wa Bridge international Academies ugamije guteza imbere uburezi mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://rwandaequip.org.rw/</ref> Yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama y'ubutegetsi mu Nama Nkuru ikiriho (MHC) kandi aba n'umukomisiyoneri mu Komisiyo y'Itangazamakuru ryigenzura ('''RMC'''). Yamaze imyaka 3 ari umunyamabanga mu ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamakuru b'abagore ('''ARFEM''').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rwandajournalists.com/membership/arj-affiliates/article/arfem |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2023-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304151227/http://www.rwandajournalists.com/membership/arj-affiliates/article/arfem |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yanamaze umwaka umwe n'amezi abiri akuriye itumanaho muri Catholic Relief Services.<ref>https://www.crs.org/</ref> Ni umwe mu bari bagize Akanama Nkemurampaka kemeje abakobwa 37 batsinze ijonjora rya Miss Rwanda 2021. Mu 2021, '''Emma Claudine''' yahawe inshingano n'Inama y'Abaminisitiri, agirwa umusesenguzi mu by'itumanaho mu biro by'Umuvugizi wa Guverinema y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112566/emma-claudine-yahawe-akazi-muri-biro-byumuvugizi-wa-guverinoma-112566.html</ref> Nyuma, muri Kamena 2024, Inama y'Abaminisitiri yongeye kumuhindurira inshingano, agirwa Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe itumanaho n'uburezi rusange mu Mujyi wa Kigali. ==== Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}== 1qgdrx3sje5i2zmsppd1g5akf19txyd Umunezero Alice 0 10289 137264 136268 2026-09-15T14:03:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137264 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima bwite == '''Apotre Mignone''' Ubundi ababyeyi be bamwise '''UMUNEZERO Alice''' ariko baza kumuhimba '''Mignone''' riza no kumufata riba ari ryo rimenyekana cyane. Yavukiye i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] aranahakurira kuko ariho ababyeyi be bari barahungiye. Apotre Mignone Uyu muvugabutumwa bwiza bwa [[Ubukirisitu|Kristo]] ni umubyeyi w'abana batatu 3 yibyariye ndetse n'anadi benshi arera nkuko abyivugira.niwe wantangije umuryango witwa Women Foundation Ministries n'urusengero rwitwa Nobel Family Church. Akaba ari umugore wa KABERA Eric.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172846/https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibihembo yabonye === Apote Mignone Akaba yarahawe udushimye hamwe n'ibihembo byinshi, hari nkaho yahawe igihembo cya "'''Sifa Award'''" muri muri compasiyo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mignone_Alice_Kabera</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/42042/women-foundation-ministries-noble-family-church-ku-nshuro-ya-gatanu-yateguye-umunsi-wo-gushima-imana-thanksgivig-in-action-2012--42042.html</ref> === Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}= ouwrrdfmgfp3r51i73mbx977g6t3qb8 137265 137264 2026-09-15T14:04:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* = Amashakiro */ 137265 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima bwite == '''Apotre Mignone''' Ubundi ababyeyi be bamwise '''UMUNEZERO Alice''' ariko baza kumuhimba '''Mignone''' riza no kumufata riba ari ryo rimenyekana cyane. Yavukiye i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] aranahakurira kuko ariho ababyeyi be bari barahungiye. Apotre Mignone Uyu muvugabutumwa bwiza bwa [[Ubukirisitu|Kristo]] ni umubyeyi w'abana batatu 3 yibyariye ndetse n'anadi benshi arera nkuko abyivugira.niwe wantangije umuryango witwa Women Foundation Ministries n'urusengero rwitwa Nobel Family Church. Akaba ari umugore wa KABERA Eric.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172846/https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibihembo yabonye === Apote Mignone Akaba yarahawe udushimye hamwe n'ibihembo byinshi, hari nkaho yahawe igihembo cya "'''Sifa Award'''" muri muri compasiyo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mignone_Alice_Kabera</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/42042/women-foundation-ministries-noble-family-church-ku-nshuro-ya-gatanu-yateguye-umunsi-wo-gushima-imana-thanksgivig-in-action-2012--42042.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}= 90ogdhm0anf0bfndnbq63uqfziif0c4 137266 137265 2026-09-15T14:06:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 137266 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima bwite == '''Apôtre Mignone''' Ubundi ababyeyi be bamwise '''Alice''' '''Umunezero''' ariko baza kumuhimba '''Mignone''' riza no kumufata riba ari ryo rimenyekana cyane. Yavukiye i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] aranahakurira kuko ariho ababyeyi be bari barahungiye. Apotre Mignone Uyu muvugabutumwa bwiza bwa [[Ubukirisitu|Kristo]] ni umubyeyi w'abana batatu 3 yibyariye ndetse n'anadi benshi arera nkuko abyivugira.niwe wantangije umuryango witwa Women Foundation Ministries n'urusengero rwitwa Nobel Family Church. Akaba ari umugore wa Eric Kabera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172846/https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibihembo yabonye === Apote Mignone Akaba yarahawe udushimye hamwe n'ibihembo byinshi, hari nkaho yahawe igihembo cya "'''Sifa Award'''" muri muri compasiyo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mignone_Alice_Kabera</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/42042/women-foundation-ministries-noble-family-church-ku-nshuro-ya-gatanu-yateguye-umunsi-wo-gushima-imana-thanksgivig-in-action-2012--42042.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}= g4esxkq8x9qdftfisq9vwl2qrzckmb1 137267 137266 2026-09-15T14:06:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 137267 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima bwite == '''Apôtre Mignone''' Ubundi ababyeyi be bamwise '''Alice''' '''Umunezero''' ariko baza kumuhimba '''Mignone''' riza no kumufata riba ari ryo rimenyekana cyane. Yavukiye i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] aranahakurira kuko ariho ababyeyi be bari barahungiye. Apotre Mignone Uyu muvugabutumwa bwiza bwa [[Ubukirisitu|Kristo]] ni umubyeyi w'abana batatu 3 yibyariye ndetse n'anadi benshi arera nkuko abyivugira.niwe wantangije umuryango witwa Women Foundation Ministries n'urusengero rwitwa Nobel Family Church. Akaba ari umugore wa Eric Kabera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172846/https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibihembo yabonye === Apote Mignone Akaba yarahawe udushimye hamwe n'ibihembo byinshi, hari nkaho yahawe igihembo cya "Sifa Award" muri muri compasiyo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mignone_Alice_Kabera</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/42042/women-foundation-ministries-noble-family-church-ku-nshuro-ya-gatanu-yateguye-umunsi-wo-gushima-imana-thanksgivig-in-action-2012--42042.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} i95kahw1nyd93ymmuja7x7s1jt6nvvy 137268 137267 2026-09-15T14:14:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 137268 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima bwite == '''Apôtre Mignone''' Ubundi ababyeyi be bamwise '''Alice''' '''Umunezero''' ariko baza kumuhimba '''Mignone''' riza no kumufata riba ari ryo rimenyekana cyane. Yavukiye i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] aranahakurira kuko ariho ababyeyi be bari barahungiye. Apotre Mignone Uyu muvugabutumwa bwiza bwa [[Ubukirisitu|Kristo]] ni umubyeyi w'abana batatu 3 yibyariye ndetse n'anadi benshi arera nkuko abyivugira.niwe wantangije umuryango witwa Women Foundation Ministries n'urusengero rwitwa Nobel Family Church. Akaba ari umugore wa Eric Kabera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172846/https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibihembo yabonye === Apote Mignone Akaba yarahawe udushimye hamwe n'ibihembo byinshi, hari nkaho yahawe igihembo cya "Sifa Award" muri muri compasiyo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/42042/women-foundation-ministries-noble-family-church-ku-nshuro-ya-gatanu-yateguye-umunsi-wo-gushima-imana-thanksgivig-in-action-2012--42042.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} c39lagtdv6nzp63efyew1zie7fuoxa1 Abayo yvette sandrine 0 10292 137429 133709 2026-09-15T14:55:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137429 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abayo Yvette Sandrine''' ni umunyarwandakazi ukora umwuga w'itangazamakuru bwibanda ku myidagaduro.Ni umunyamakuru umenyerewe mugukora itangazamakuru muburyo bw'ibyegeranyo akabinyuza kuri YouTube ye. Akaba kandi yarakoreye ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye, birimo TV1 RWANDA, BTN TV RWANDA, B+ TV hamwe na Red Blue JD ahava ajya gushinga umuyoboro we ari naho agikora kugeza ubu <ref>https://www.youtube.com/live/hxbAKYPgoUo?pp=QAFIAQ%3D%3D</ref> Abayo Yvette Sandrine is a prominent Rwandan journalist and YouTuber known for her captivating documentaries, love stories, and deep-dive videos on her ABAYO Yvette Sandrine YouTube Channel. <ref>https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=%2Fabayoyvettesandrine%2F&source=omni_redirect</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ak1dzxtgu0hr5148hh5zdy7slvanust Nelly Mukazayire 0 10323 137430 132923 2026-09-15T14:56:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukazayire Nelly''', ni impuguke mu by'ubukungu mu [[Rwanda]] akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa RDB guhera muri werurwe 2023 [https://rdb.rw/about-rdb/#senior-management]. Mbere yaho yari umuyobozi wa '''Biro y’ u Rwanda ishinzwe inama mpuzamahanga cg Rwanda Convention Bureau''', ishami [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|ry’Inama ishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] . <ref name="1R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-reshuffles-cabinet</ref> . Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije, mu biro bya perezida w’u [[Rwanda]]. Kandi mbere yibyo, yari umujyanama mukuru w'umuyobozi mukuru mubiro bya perezida. Mbere yuko agera mu biro bya perezida, yabaye umushakashatsi wa politiki mu ishami ry'ubukungu mu biro bya minisitiri w’intebe. <ref name="2R">http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/pdf/rwanda_programme_2016_7april_final.pdf</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere n'uburere == [[Nelly Mukazayire]] yavutse ku babyeyi b'[[Abanyarwanda]] mu [[Rwanda]] murii1982. <ref name="3R">https://umuvugizi.wordpress.com/2016/04/13/nelly-mukazayire-being-a-child-of-a-genocidaire-she-is-a-living-testimony-of-the-new-rwanda/</ref> Yize amashuri mu [[Rwanda]] abanza nayisumbuye. Afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science mu bukungu mpuzamahanga<ref>https://www.minisports.gov.rw/about-1</ref> .Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu micungire ya Politiki y'Ubukungu . Igitabo kimwe cyizewe kivuga ko impamyabumenyi ihanitse yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi [[Ubugande|cya Uganda]] . Indi soko yizewe ivuga ko impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yatanzwe na kaminuza yo [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]] . <ref name="4R">http://andrewmwendasblog.blogspot.com/2013/08/rwandas-intriguing-experience.html</ref> == Umwuga == Byinshi mubikorwa bye, Madamu [[Nelly Mukazayire]] yakoze nk'umuyobozi wo hejuru muri guverinoma ya nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside mu Rwanda]] . Mu ivugurura [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|ry’abaminisitiri]] mu Kwakira 2018, yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru wa Biro y’amasezerano y’u [[Rwanda]], ishami rya leta. <ref name="5R">http://ktpress.rw/2018/10/rwanda-gets-new-50-50-gender-cabinet-fewer-ministers/</ref> Kuri ubu, ari ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’igihugu kandi atanga raporo ku buryo butaziguye kwa [[Clare Akamanzi]], Umuyobozi mukuru [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|w’Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] RDB, umwanya w’inama y’abaminisitiri. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |url=https://taarifa.rw/2018/10/23/new-ceo-for-rwanda-convention-bureau-takes-over/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-04 |archive-date=2019-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411052702/https://taarifa.rw/2018/10/23/new-ceo-for-rwanda-convention-bureau-takes-over/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Igice cye gifite inshingano zo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yo guteza imbere no kwagura " Ibitekerezo, Inama n’imurikagurisha" (MICE) bya guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]]. Icyo gice cy’ubukerarugendo cyari gifite 15 ku ijana byinjira mu bukerarugendo, bingana na miliyoni 42 z’amadolari [[Amerika|y’Amerika]] muri 2017, kandi biteganijwe ko biziyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 74$ muri 2018. <ref name="6R" /> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Madamu [[Nelly Mukazayire]] yari afite imyaka 12 mu 1994 igihe Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] yabaga. Nyina wa Nelly Mukazayire yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu azira ko yagize uruhare muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994]], n'urukiko rwa Gacaca.<ref name="3R" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] ethfebg86afz74ivly9kgd4qvqypdnw 137435 137430 2026-09-15T14:58:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 137435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukazayire Nelly''', ni impuguke mu by'ubukungu mu [[Rwanda]] akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa RDB guhera muri werurwe 2023 [https://rdb.rw/about-rdb/#senior-management]. Mbere yaho yari umuyobozi wa Biro y’ u Rwanda ishinzwe inama mpuzamahanga cg Rwanda Convention Bureau, ishami [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|ry’Inama ishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] . <ref name="1R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-reshuffles-cabinet</ref> . Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije, mu biro bya perezida w’u [[Rwanda]]. Kandi mbere yibyo, yari umujyanama mukuru w'umuyobozi mukuru mubiro bya perezida. Mbere yuko agera mu biro bya perezida, yabaye umushakashatsi wa politiki mu ishami ry'ubukungu mu biro bya minisitiri w’intebe. <ref name="2R">http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/pdf/rwanda_programme_2016_7april_final.pdf</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere n'uburere == [[Nelly Mukazayire]] yavutse ku babyeyi b'[[Abanyarwanda]] mu [[Rwanda]] murii1982. <ref name="3R">https://umuvugizi.wordpress.com/2016/04/13/nelly-mukazayire-being-a-child-of-a-genocidaire-she-is-a-living-testimony-of-the-new-rwanda/</ref> Yize amashuri mu [[Rwanda]] abanza nayisumbuye. Afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science mu bukungu mpuzamahanga<ref>https://www.minisports.gov.rw/about-1</ref> .Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu micungire ya Politiki y'Ubukungu . Igitabo kimwe cyizewe kivuga ko impamyabumenyi ihanitse yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi [[Ubugande|cya Uganda]] . Indi soko yizewe ivuga ko impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yatanzwe na kaminuza yo [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]] . <ref name="4R">http://andrewmwendasblog.blogspot.com/2013/08/rwandas-intriguing-experience.html</ref> == Umwuga == Byinshi mubikorwa bye, Nelly Mukazayire yakoze nk'umuyobozi wo hejuru muri guverinoma ya nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside mu Rwanda]] . Mu ivugurura [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|ry’abaminisitiri]] mu Kwakira 2018, yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru wa Biro y’amasezerano y’u [[Rwanda]], ishami rya leta. <ref name="5R">http://ktpress.rw/2018/10/rwanda-gets-new-50-50-gender-cabinet-fewer-ministers/</ref> Kuri ubu, ari ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’igihugu kandi atanga raporo ku buryo butaziguye kwa [[Clare Akamanzi]], Umuyobozi mukuru [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|w’Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] RDB, umwanya w’inama y’abaminisitiri. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |url=https://taarifa.rw/2018/10/23/new-ceo-for-rwanda-convention-bureau-takes-over/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-04 |archive-date=2019-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411052702/https://taarifa.rw/2018/10/23/new-ceo-for-rwanda-convention-bureau-takes-over/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Igice cye gifite inshingano zo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yo guteza imbere no kwagura " Ibitekerezo, Inama n’imurikagurisha" (MICE) bya guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]]. Icyo gice cy’ubukerarugendo cyari gifite 15 ku ijana byinjira mu bukerarugendo, bingana na miliyoni 42 z’amadolari [[Amerika|y’Amerika]] muri 2017, kandi biteganijwe ko biziyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 74$ muri 2018. <ref name="6R" /> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Nelly Mukazayire yari afite imyaka 12 mu 1994 igihe Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] yabaga. Nyina wa Nelly Mukazayire yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu azira ko yagize uruhare muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994]], n'urukiko rwa Gacaca.<ref name="3R" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] q8ne0lihf8xufiltqacswwkmy9lhotn 137436 137435 2026-09-15T14:58:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 137436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukazayire Nelly''', ni impuguke mu by'ubukungu mu [[Rwanda]] akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa RDB guhera muri werurwe 2023 [https://rdb.rw/about-rdb/#senior-management]. Mbere yaho yari umuyobozi wa Biro y’ u Rwanda ishinzwe inama mpuzamahanga cg Rwanda Convention Bureau, ishami [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|ry’Inama ishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] . <ref name="1R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-reshuffles-cabinet</ref> . Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije, mu biro bya perezida w’u [[Rwanda]]. Kandi mbere yibyo, yari umujyanama mukuru w'umuyobozi mukuru mubiro bya perezida. Mbere yuko agera mu biro bya perezida, yabaye umushakashatsi wa politiki mu ishami ry'ubukungu mu biro bya minisitiri w’intebe. <ref name="2R">http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/pdf/rwanda_programme_2016_7april_final.pdf</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere n'uburere == Nelly Mukazayire yavutse ku babyeyi b'[[Abanyarwanda]] mu [[Rwanda]] murii1982. <ref name="3R">https://umuvugizi.wordpress.com/2016/04/13/nelly-mukazayire-being-a-child-of-a-genocidaire-she-is-a-living-testimony-of-the-new-rwanda/</ref> Yize amashuri mu [[Rwanda]] abanza nayisumbuye. Afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science mu bukungu mpuzamahanga<ref>https://www.minisports.gov.rw/about-1</ref> .Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu micungire ya Politiki y'Ubukungu . Igitabo kimwe cyizewe kivuga ko impamyabumenyi ihanitse yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi [[Ubugande|cya Uganda]] . Indi soko yizewe ivuga ko impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yatanzwe na kaminuza yo [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]] . <ref name="4R">http://andrewmwendasblog.blogspot.com/2013/08/rwandas-intriguing-experience.html</ref> == Umwuga == Byinshi mubikorwa bye, Nelly Mukazayire yakoze nk'umuyobozi wo hejuru muri guverinoma ya nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside mu Rwanda]] . Mu ivugurura [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|ry’abaminisitiri]] mu Kwakira 2018, yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru wa Biro y’amasezerano y’u [[Rwanda]], ishami rya leta. <ref name="5R">http://ktpress.rw/2018/10/rwanda-gets-new-50-50-gender-cabinet-fewer-ministers/</ref> Kuri ubu, ari ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’igihugu kandi atanga raporo ku buryo butaziguye kwa [[Clare Akamanzi]], Umuyobozi mukuru [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|w’Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] RDB, umwanya w’inama y’abaminisitiri. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |url=https://taarifa.rw/2018/10/23/new-ceo-for-rwanda-convention-bureau-takes-over/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-04 |archive-date=2019-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411052702/https://taarifa.rw/2018/10/23/new-ceo-for-rwanda-convention-bureau-takes-over/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Igice cye gifite inshingano zo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yo guteza imbere no kwagura " Ibitekerezo, Inama n’imurikagurisha" (MICE) bya guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]]. Icyo gice cy’ubukerarugendo cyari gifite 15 ku ijana byinjira mu bukerarugendo, bingana na miliyoni 42 z’amadolari [[Amerika|y’Amerika]] muri 2017, kandi biteganijwe ko biziyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 74$ muri 2018. <ref name="6R" /> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Nelly Mukazayire yari afite imyaka 12 mu 1994 igihe Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] yabaga. Nyina wa Nelly Mukazayire yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu azira ko yagize uruhare muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994]], n'urukiko rwa Gacaca.<ref name="3R" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] inqy7todsmlo2xr5n73bwo3fhxn560g Seraphine Mukantabana 0 10332 137791 136360 2026-09-15T18:13:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[MUKANTABANA SERAPHINE]] to [[Seraphine Mukantabana]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 136360 wikitext text/x-wiki == Mukantabana Seraphine == == Ubuzima bwite == '''MUKANTABANA SERAPHINE''' yavutse taliki 23 Mata 1961, avukira mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|akarere ka rusizi]], [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]] (ahahoze ari Cyangugu). Yabyawe na Shyirambere Lambert na Kabera Monique, nubwo yavukiye i Cyangugu, yakuriye i [[Kigali City Tower|Kigali]] mu Kiyovu kuko yahageze mu 1966. Yize amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye ndetse yiga muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] uhereye mu 1983-1988 yiga mu ishami ry'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/mukantabana-seraphine-ni-muntu-ki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929014009/https://menyanibi.rw/mukantabana-seraphine-ni-muntu-ki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibyo yakoze == '''MUKANTABANA SERAPHINE''' amaze kwiga nyuma yaje guhabwa akazi muri [[Lycée de Kigali|Lycee de Kigali]], aba umuyobozi w'amasomo (Prefet des etudes) kuva 1988-1994.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/mukantabana-seraphine-ni-muntu-ki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929014009/https://menyanibi.rw/mukantabana-seraphine-ni-muntu-ki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 1994 yage guhungira mu cyahoze ari [[Zayire|Zaire]] ubu ni [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|RDC]] Congo akomereza muri [[Congo Brazzaville|Congo-Brazaville]] mu 1997, aha niho guverinoma y'icyo gihugu yemereye impunzi zose z'Abanyarwanda kwishyira hamwe maze azibera umuyobozi ahereye 1998-2011. Muri uwo mwaka nibwo yatahutse mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma ya mezi 3 gusa, yahawe akazi muri Minisiteri y'imicungire y'ibiza no gucyura impunzi, nyuma yaho agirwa Komiseri muri komisiyo yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abahoze ku rugerero.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mukantabana-yakuwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-komisiyo-ya-demobilisation</ref> Muri 2013 agirwa Minisitiri w'ibiza no gucyura impunzi (MIDIMAR). <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/mukantabana-seraphine-ni-muntu-ki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929014009/https://menyanibi.rw/mukantabana-seraphine-ni-muntu-ki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://teradignews.rw/tag/mukantabana-seraphine/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/demobilisation-commission-boss-mukantabana-relieved-duties</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] 1usgtk2l1xph8j1fvtdlg83ax8ekeo6 Maggy Corrêa 0 10342 137481 83502 2026-09-15T15:47:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maggy Corrêa''' ni umwanditsi w'ibitabo ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] ariko utuye mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]]. Yanditse ibitabo nka''Tutsie, etc.'' (1998) yanditse igitabo avuga uburyo yakijije nyina muri jenoside yakorewe [[abatutsi]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] muri Nyakanga 1994. <ref name="Favre">https://crossworks.holycross.edu/pf/vol69/iss1/3/</ref> <ref name="RoccaReeds2013">https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFQv1Cnm3kMC</ref> == Ubuzima == Corrêa yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]], <ref name="SH">https://www.editions-saint-honore.com/brand/maggy-correa/</ref> kuri se ukomoka muri Porutugali na nyina [[Rwanda|w’umunyarwanda]]. <ref name="Volet">https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/CorreaMaggyEng.html </ref> yize mu [[Rwanda]], [[Kongo]] no mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . <ref name="SH" /> corrêa yabaye muri Valais mubusuwisi imyaka irenga makumyabiri. Yashinze kandi ayobora ishuri ry'imbyino imyaka icumi mbere yo kuba umunyamakuru wigenga, yandikira ''Le Nouveau Quotidien'', ''Le Temps'' na ''Le Nouvelliste'' . Yakoze kandi nk;umunyamakuru wa radiyo kuri Radio Rhône Valais akaba nuwa televiziyo ya Radio Télévision Suisse . <ref>https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00044578.html</ref> Yerekanye ''Vanille Fraise'', yakoraga gahunda y'iminota 25 mu cyumweru irimo umukino w'ubumenyi rusange kubijyanye nigitsina, kuva yatangizwa mu Gushyingo 1993 kugeza Gashyantare 1994. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Suisse</ref> Muri Gicurasi 1994, Corrêa yagerageje gukurura ibitekerezo kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] hamwe n'ikinyamakuru cyo mu Busuwisi ''Le Nouveau Quotidien'' . Yabaye indorerezi [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|y’umuryango w’abibumbye]] mu ngoro y’igihugu i Geneve . Muri Nyakanga 1994, "yahisemo guhangana n'ibibazo byose byo kujya mu [[Rwanda]] mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi kugira ngo agerageze gukiza nyina; igitabo cye ''Tutsie, etc.'' (1998) ni inkuru y'uru rugendo rudasanzwe"<ref>https://ibukamontargois.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/biblio_filmo.doc</ref>.<ref>https://academicinfluence.com/people/maggy-correa</ref> Igitabo cye cyo mu mwaka wa 2018 ''À la lueur de la lampe-tempête'' (1998) kivuga amateka y'impamo ya Mario Augusto de Jesus du Valle Correia (Mario Corrêa), mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 yarekuye rwihishwa abacakara ijana mu bukoloni bwa [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] muri [[Angola]]<ref>https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/CorreaMaggyEng.html</ref><ref>https://hmong.es/wiki/Maggy_Correa</ref> . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 4c5b9xl4wus9gjk7xuryze4jxig8ony Salome Nyirarukundo 0 10347 137737 106117 2026-09-15T17:03:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137737 wikitext text/x-wiki --> [[Nyirarukundo Salome]] [[Dosiye:Salome Nyirarukundo of Rwanda at the 2018 African Athletics Championships.jpg|thumb|Salome Nyirarukundo mu isiganwa nyafurika muri 2018]] '''Salome Nyirarukundo''' (yavutse 20 Ukuboza 1997) ni umukinnyi [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] kabuhariwe muri marato mu kiciro cyo kwiruka intera ndende.Yitabiriye imikino Olempike ya 2016 yabereye i [[Rio de Janeiro]], muri metero 10,000 z'abagore, arangiza ku mwanya wa 27 akoresheje 32: 07.80. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160806071912/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/sallome-nyirarukundo</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/where-marathoner-nyirarukundo</ref><ref>https://worldathletics.org/athletes/rwanda/salome-nyirarukundo-14616429</ref> == Amarushanwa == === 2017 - 2018 === Nyirarukundo nawe ni umukinnyi wiruka marato wamenyereye, kandi yitabiriye amarushanwa akomeye. Yashyizeho igihe cyiza kuri Marathon ya Montreal (2:28:02). Yatsinze amarushanwa menshi mu Ntara ya Québec, harimo na marato ya Rimouski<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/rwandan-athlete-nyirarukundo-wins-monreal</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/ngororangingo/article/nyirarukundo-salome-yegukanye-umudali-wa-zahabu-muri-maroc-nyuma-y-urugendo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514045036/https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/ngororangingo/article/nyirarukundo-salome-yegukanye-umudali-wa-zahabu-muri-maroc-nyuma-y-urugendo |url-status=dead }}</ref>. === 2019 === Nyirarukundo yagize akazi muri 2019. Mu isiganwa rya Around The Bay 30Km, yaje ku mwanya wa 3 nyuma y'abakinnyi b'indashyikirwa, nubwo yayoboye ibirometero 15 by'isiganwa. Yatsinze isiganwa rya 10km St-Laurent akoresheje iminota 34. Yatwaye umwanya wa kabiri kuri 5k du Lac-Beauport kandi yatsindiye Lévis Half-Marathon mugihe cya 1h 13 min 59 s. Yarangije ku mwanya wa 4 muri Marato ya Ottawa akoresheje 2 h 30 min hanyuma akora izindi 10km muri lululemon Toronto muminota 34, Hanyuma, yagize izindi ntsinzi ebyiri muri 10km, iya La Baie n'iya [[Kanada]] yo gusiganwa ku magare. Nyuma yibyo, yitabiriye Marathon ya Rimouski<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/nyirarukundoto-stay-out-for-five-months |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505152832/https://en.igihe.com/news/nyirarukundoto-stay-out-for-five-months |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imikino/ngororangingo/article/nyirarukundo-salome-wavunikiye-muri-shampiyona-y-isi-yagarutse-mu-muhanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514045037/https://www.igihe.com/imikino/ngororangingo/article/nyirarukundo-salome-wavunikiye-muri-shampiyona-y-isi-yagarutse-mu-muhanda |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://m.eachamps.rw/article/5574/AMAFOTO:-Imvano-y'amarira-y'agahinda-Nyirarukundo-yasutse-hasi-nyuma-yo-kwegukana-Half-Marathon</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+amateka ! Intera ! Igihe ! Ibirori ! Ikibanza |- | Metero 5.000 | 15 min 34 s 91 c | [[Ubuholandi]] - Nijmegen | uwa 5 |- | Ibirometero 5 | 15 min 50 s | [[Ubudage]] - Trier | uwa 2 |- | Metero 10,000 | 31 min 45 s 62 c | [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] - Durban | uwa 4 |- | Igice cya marato | 1h 08 min 48 s |[[Esipanye|Espagne]] - Barcelona | uwa 3 |- | Marato | 2 h 28 min 02 s | [[Kanada]] - Montreal | uwa 1 |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] r1fgve1aluuva07f4rjdq79hpf1djf1 Simbi Nailla 0 10352 137269 136324 2026-09-15T14:18:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137269 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima bwite == '''Simbi Nailla''' ( ufite imwaka 21 y'amavuko, kuko avuka muri 2001) yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|akarere ka nyarugenge]], mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigali.]] Avuka mu muryango w'abana 4, abakobwa 3 n'umuhungu umwe. === Akazi akora === '''Simbi Nailla''' ni umukobwa w'umunyarwandakazi arimo yinjira mu mwuga wo gukora akazi ko gutunganza amashusho y'indirimbo, aha twavuga indirimbo zimwe na zimwe za banyarwanda yakozeho , amashusho y'indirimbo "Puculi ya Okama, niwe wagize igitekerezo cy' uko igomba gukorwa mu buryo bwa'amashusho kuva itangiye kugeza irangiye. hari izindi ndirimbo nyinshi nka "Atansiyo", "Helena", za Platini P cyangwa "Low Key" ya Burava, "Pull up" ya Toxxyk Kivumbi na Angel Umutoni na "KK 509 St" ya Andy Bumuntu , aho nihamwe amaze gutanga umusanzu ukomeye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://massdesigngroup.org/team/nailla-simbi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801083716/https://massdesigngroup.org/team/nailla-simbi |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Simbi Nailla''' yize amashanyarazi mu amashuri yisumbuye, kwiga kukora indirmibo (editing) akaba yaragiye akaba yaragiye abyigira kuri musazawe usanzwe atunganya amashusho y'indirimbo z'abahanzi batandukanye mu [[Rwanda]]. Muri 2020 nibyo Simbi Nailla yatangiye bya nyabyo mu gutunganya amashusho.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/byinshi-kuri-simbi-umukobwa-wa-mbere-winjiye-mu-gutunganya-amashusho-y |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505201456/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/byinshi-kuri-simbi-umukobwa-wa-mbere-winjiye-mu-gutunganya-amashusho-y |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} irgvl24ama0qi65dx1v31vdrnpqxphg Salma Ingabire 0 10367 137270 121885 2026-09-15T14:18:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tap_and_Go_Machine.jpg|thumb|ikigo AC group LTd cyazanye Tap and Go nicyo Salma Ingabire yabereye umuyobozi mukuru ]] Salma Ingabire Salma Ingabire [[Itabi|n'umunyarwandakazi]] akaba yarabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa AC group LTd icyigo cyazanye ikorana buhanga rya tap&Go ryo kwishyura urugendo Kumodoka ukoresheje ikarita. == Salma Ingabire ni muntu ki? == Ingabire Salma n'umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu [[Rwanda]]. Akaba yaragize uruhare runini muguteza imbere inkorana buhanga hifashishijwe Telefone igendanwa Mu kubitsa no kubikuza amafaranga akorera ikigo nka Airtel mu [[Rwanda]] akaba yarakoranye n'ikinyamakuru cya Wari SA cyo muri Afurika yepfo Ubu akaba ahagarariye amakarita azwi nka visa kandi mu [[Rwanda]]. Ingabire kandi akaba yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyikiro cya gatatu muri kaminuza ya Exford Brookes yo mugihugu cy'ubwongereza. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/abantu/article/umunyarwandakazi-salma-ingabire-yahawe-kuyobora-visa-mu-rwanda?url_reload=21&debut_forum=10</ref> [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/search?query=salma-ingabire] == Uburambe mukazi == .yakoze muri: _Airtel Rwanda _BPR_Atlas _Bank of Africa _unit Bank of Africa _Ecobank _Equity Bank akaba ahagarariye n'ibihugu byo mukarere birimo , Rwanda, [[Ubugande|Uganda]], Tanzania, [[Kenya]], [[Uburundi|Burundi]], Ethiopia Na sudani y'epfo.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/salma-ingabire-4b178a33</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ko2uwyyf5vihz3ps9dic15rfcmcyuea Nyirambangutse Brigitte 0 10394 137235 83613 2026-09-15T13:56:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137235 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dr Nyirambangutse Brigitte == Dr Nyirambangutse n'umwarimukazi mw'ishuri ry'ibinyabuzima muri kaminuza yu [[Rwanda]], Akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo cy'indashyikirwa Mu binyabuzima no gucunga umutungo kamere byakiriwe na kaminuza y'u[[Rwanda]]. == Dr Nyirambangutse ni muntu ki? == Dr Nyirambangutse Brigitte yavutse mumwaka wa 1982 akabari Umunyarwandakazi utuye mu gihugu Cy'u Rwanda<ref>https://gggi.org/staff/dr-brigitte-nyirambangutse/</ref> . Dr Nyirambangutse akaba ari umuhanga mu bidukikije ,afite Uburambe bw' imyaka6 mu bijyanye n' ihindagurika ry' ikirere n'umwaka 1 w' Uburambe akorana n'ikigo cya Global Growth institute mu Rwanda.<ref>http://www.checkcompany.co.uk/director/14528809/DR-BRIGITTE-NYIRAMBANGUTSE</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brigitte-Nyirambangutse</ref> == Ese Dr Nyirambangutse avuga indimi zingahe?? == Dr Nyirambangutse Brigitte avuga indimi 3 _Ikinyarwanda _Icyongereza _Igifaransa == Amashuri yize. == Dr Nyirambangutse Brigitte yigiye amashuri ye muri,Scotland, mu bwongereza no muri Sweden. Akaba afite kandi impamyabumenyi ya PHD mu bumenyi bwa kamere ndetse no mu bidukikije, Akaba Ari n'umuhanga mu bushakashatsi bw'ibidukikije. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} lxifb4txbohy9udlpslrqnngbpr8x13 Lous and the Yakuza 0 10419 137664 134561 2026-09-15T16:50:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie-Pierra Kakoma''' (yavutse 27 Gicurasi 1996), uzwi cyane nka '''Lous and the Yakuza''', ni umuraperi, umwanditsi w'indirimbo n'umunyamideli ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Kongo]] ariko utuye mu [[Bubiligi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/lous-and-the-yakuza-ugezweho-mu-ndirimbo-z-igifaransa-yagaragaje-uburyo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508211649/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/lous-and-the-yakuza-ugezweho-mu-ndirimbo-z-igifaransa-yagaragaje-uburyo |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116747/umunyarwandakazi-lous-and-the-yakuza-yasinye-muri-label-ya-jay-z-116747.html</ref>. Yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo gushyira ahagaragara indirimbo ye ya mbere "Dilemme" muri Nzeri 2019, ikurikirwa na "Tout est gore" mu Kuboza 2019 na "Solo" muri Werurwe 2020. Album ye ya mbere, ''Gore'', yakozwe na El Guincho, yasohotse ku ya 16 Ukwakira 2020<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/lous-and-the-yakuza-yasinye-muri-roc-nation-ya-jay-z |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508211651/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/lous-and-the-yakuza-yasinye-muri-roc-nation-ya-jay-z |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Dosiye:FIBD2023LousandtheYakuza.jpg|thumb|LousandtheYakuza]] == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Lous amazina bwite ni Marie-Pierra Kakoma yavukiye i Lubumbashi, muri Zayire ( [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] y'ubu) ku ya 27 Gicurasi 1996. <ref>https://twitter.com/ColumbiaUK/status/1265651700087640064</ref> <ref name="Numero">{{Cite web |url=https://www.numero.com/fr/musique/lous-and-the-yakuza-tout-est-gore-we-love-green-summer-walker-ann-demeulemeester-krisy-damso-el-grincho-cesaria-evora#_ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517012332/https://www.numero.com/fr/musique/lous-and-the-yakuza-tout-est-gore-we-love-green-summer-walker-ann-demeulemeester-krisy-damso-el-grincho-cesaria-evora#_ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ababyeyi be bari abaganga bakomeye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] igihe yavukaga. Se w'umunyacongo yari umuganga w'abagore, naho nyina w'umunyarwanda yari umuganga w'abana . <ref name="L'Express">https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/vip/rencontre-avec-lous-the-yakuza_2120498.html</ref> <ref name="LC">https://www.la-croix.com/Culture/Lous-and-the-Yakuza-sabre-clair-2019-12-08-1301065115</ref> <ref name="VF">https://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/story/lous-and-the-yakuza-plus-belle-promesse-du-rb-francophone/10752</ref> Nyina wa Kakoma yafungiwe muri Kongo amezi abiri mu ntambara ya kabiri ya congo mu 1998 azira ubwoko bwe. Se amaze kubona ko nyina arekuwe, bahungiye mu [[Bubiligi]] ari kumwe na bashiki ba Kakoma. Kakoma na barumuna be basigaye baje gusanga nyina mu [[Bubiligi]] nyuma yimyaka ibiri mu 2000, mugihe se yagumye muri congo. <ref name="Dazed">https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/48882/1/lous-and-the-yakuza-interview</ref> Uyu muryango wimukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 2005 mbere yo gusubira burundu i [[Buruseli]] muri 2011. <ref name="LC" /> <ref name="Dazed" /> Ishyaka rya Kakoma ryo kuririmba ryatangiye akiri muto mu gihe yari akikijwe n'umuziki kubera ko se yakundaga indirimbo za kera za Mozart, Chopin, Vivaldi, na Beethoven bose babanyaburayi. [[Dosiye:Lous_and_the_Yakuza_en_2022.jpg|thumb|Lous and the Yakuza en 2022]] Yatangiye kwandika umuziki we afite imyaka irindwi. Umuryango we wimukiye mu [[Bubiligi]] afite imyaka 15, yatangiye kwandikira Columbia Records yizeye ko azasinyishwa muri label. <ref name="Les Inrocks">https://www.lesinrocks.com/2019/10/03/musique/musique/groupe-a-suivre-lous-and-the-yakuza-la-nouvelle-sensation-pop-venue-de-belgique/</ref> Ku myaka cumi n'umunani, Kakoma yaciwe intege n'ababyeyi be bamubuza kuba umuririmbyi, ngo abe umuganga, maze afite imyaka cumi n'icyenda, yirukanwa mu rugo iwabo. <ref name="Yard">https://yard.media/interview-lous-and-the-yakuza/</ref> <ref name="RTBF">https://www.rtbf.be/emission/dma/detail_lous-the-yakuza?id=10384505</ref> Mu gihe cyo kubura aho kuba, yabaye mu mihanda amezi menshi mbere yo gutura muri sitidiyo y’umuziki, aho yararaga akandika umuziki, mu gihe yagendaga akora indirimbo zimwe na zimwe. Mu myaka itatu, Kakoma yakoze indirimbo 52, harimo EP zirindwi. <ref name="RTBF" /> Muri 2016, yagaragaye mumashusho y'indirimbo "BruxellesVie" yumuhanzi [[Ububiligi|w'umubiligi]] Damso . <ref name="Konbini">https://www.konbini.com/fr/musique/lous-and-the-yakuza-warm-up/</ref> == Umwuga == Kakoma yakiriye izina ''Lous and the Yakuza arikuye'' ku ''bugingo(soul)'', isoko y'ishyaka rye rya muzika, na ''Yakuza'', umutwe w'abagizi ba nabi wateguwe [[Ubuyapani|n'Ubuyapani]], izina akoresha mu gusobanura "crew" y'abafatanyabikorwa yishingikirizaho mu guhanga umuziki we . Lous yavumbuwe bwa mbere n’ushinzwe kumureberera inyungu, Miguel Fernandez, amaze kubona ko yasohotse kuri interineti. Guhera mu 2017, yamenye ko ashishikajwe no gukora alubumu, asaba inshuti ze magara gushinga itsinda riyishyigikira, yatangiye kuririmbira ahera mu tubari no mu tubyiniro twa nijoro i Buruseli . Mu mpera za 2017, Lous yatumiriwe gukora acoustic ya ''La ChillZone'', nyuma asinya muri Columbia Records ibinyujije muri Sony Music yo mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], afite imyaka 22. <ref name="RTBF" /> <ref name="Konbini" /> Ku ya 15 Kamena 2018, hasohotse "Le Ridicule Ne Tue Pas", ku bufatanye bwa Lous na Yakuza n'itsinda rya elegitoroniki rya BSSMNT. <ref name="Tsugi">https://www.tsugi.fr/lous-and-the-yakuza-debarque-sur-la-scene-belge-avec-un-premier-titre-clippe-dilemme/</ref> <ref>https://music.apple.com/ca/album/le-ridicule-ne-tue-pas-feat-lous-and-the-yakuza-single/1394527150</ref> Nyuma y’amezi atandatu ashakisha producer uhuza ibyifuzo bye, Kakoma yahisemo producer El Guincho wo muri [[Esipanye|Espagne]], nyuma yakazi ke ku ndirimbo ya " Malamente " ya Rosalía . Lous yasohoye indirimbo yabo ya mbere "Dilemme" ku ya 19 Nzeri 2019, yakozwe na El Guincho na Ponko. <ref name="JeuneAfrique">https://www.jeuneafrique.com/843300/culture/poesie-douceur-et-resilience-lous-and-the-yakuza/</ref> <ref name="NSSG">https://www.nssgclub.com/en/fashion/21598/lous-and-the-yakuza-remix-dilemme-ft-tha-supreme-mara-sattei</ref> Iyi ndirimbo yatumye Kakoma amenyekana cyane, ikusanya miliyoni zirenga 20 kuri Spotify, miliyoni 8.9 zerekanwe kuri YouTube, ikaza ku mwanya wa mbere kuri Spotify Italia ya Viral 50. <ref name="NSSG" /> <ref name="Glamour">https://www.glamourparis.com/culture/actu-musique/articles/lous-and-the-yakuza-de-la-difficulte-detre-une-femme-noire/79358</ref> Amashusho y'indirimbo, yayobowe na Wendy Morgan, yerekana indangamuntu zitandukanye Lous afite ahantu hatandukanye, hagamijwe kwerekana ubuzima bwe kuva muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congo]] yerekeza mu [[Bubiligi]]. <ref name="OkayAfrica">https://www.okayafrica.com/lous-and-the-yakuza-dilemme-video/</ref> Ku ya 1 Mata 2020, remix irimo umuraperi [[Ubutaliyani|w’umutaliyani]] Tha Supreme [[Ubutaliyani|n’umutaliyani]] Mara yashyizwe ahagaragara<ref name="NSSG" />. Muri Red Bull Elektropedia Awards 2019, Lous and The Yakuza yegukanye umudari wa feza mu cyiciro cya "Fresh on the Scene". <ref name="Tex and the City">https://texxandthecity.com/2019/12/meet-congolese-queen-lous-and-the-yakuza-through-her-bloody-video-for-tout-est-gore/</ref> Indirimbo ya kabiri ya Lous, "Tout est gore", nayo yakozwe na El Guincho, yasohotse ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2019. <ref name="Tex and the City" /> Iyi ndirimbo imaze kumenyekana nyuma yuko umukinnyi wa filime Issa Rae asakaje amashusho kuri videwo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref name="Essence">https://www.essence.com/entertainment/issa-rae-introduced-new-favorite-artist-lous-and-the-yakuza/</ref> Ku ya 20 Werurwe 2020, Lous yasohoye indirimbo ye ya gatatu yise "Solo", hamwe n'amashusho y'indirimbo yakozwe na Wendy Morgan na Kevin Bago. <ref name="Fader">https://www.thefader.com/2020/03/21/lou-and-the-yakuza-video-solo</ref> Filime ngufi bifitanye isano, yiswe "Solo ([[Itangiriro]])" yasohotse ku ya 14 Mata 2020. <ref name="AfroPunk">{{Cite web |url=https://afropunk.com/2020/04/lous-and-the-yakuza-solo-genesis-documentary/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2024-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703180631/https://afropunk.com/2020/04/lous-and-the-yakuza-solo-genesis-documentary/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Indirimbo zose uko ari eshatu zashyizwe kuri alubumu ye ya mbere, ''Gore'', yakozwe na El Guincho. Ubusanzwe byari biteganijwe ko izasohoka ku ya 5 Kamena 2020, alubumu yaje gutinda kugeza mu mwaka wa 2021. <ref name="Glamour" /> <ref name="Spotify">https://newsroom.spotify.com/2020-05-22/meet-lous-and-the-yakuza-the-belgian-artist-who-can-sing-in-any-language/</ref> Ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2020, Kakoma yasinyiye kujya yerekana inzu yimyambariro [[Ubufaransa|y'umufaransa]] Chloé. <ref name="l'officiel">https://www.lofficiel.be/mode/lous-and-the-yakuza-etait-la-star-du-defile-chloe-automne-hiver-2020-2021</ref> Muri Werurwe 2020, Lous and the Yakuza yashyizwe muri gahunda ya Spotify ya RADAR, igamije kwagura abahanzi ku isi hose binyuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref name="Spotify" />Ku ya 26 Gashyantare 2021, yasohoye indirimbo ye "Je ne sais pas", irimo umuraperi wo mu [[Butaliyani]] Sfera Ebbasta . <ref>https://www.sonymusic.ca/press_release/lous-and-the-yakuza-releases-new-track-je-ne-sais-pas-feat-sfera-ebbasta</ref> Ku ya 4 Werurwe, yaririmbye mu iserukiramuco rya muzika rya Sanremo 2021 muri duet hamwe na Gaia, hamwe n'indirimbo ''Mi sono innamorato di te'' ya Luigi Tenco . <ref>https://www.20minutes.fr/arts-stars/culture/2991167-20210305-sanremo-2021-lous-and-the-yakuza-fait-sensation-festival-chanson-italienne</ref> Ku ya 8 Kanama, yifatanyije na Woodkid mu birori byo gutanga ihererekanyabubasha kuva mu mikino Olempike ya Tokiyo 2020 yerekeza i [[Paris]] 2024. <ref>https://www.rtbf.be/tipik/musique/detail_lous-and-the-yakuza-et-pomme-ont-rejoint-woodkid-pour-rythmer-la-ceremonie-de-passation-des-jeux-olympiques?id=10821150</ref>Umuziki wa Kakoma wasobanuwe nk "" silky "ihuza TRAP, R&amp;amp;B, na pop . <ref name="OTW">https://www.onestowatch.com/blog/lous-and-the-yakuza-solo</ref> == Ishusho rusange == Kakoma azwiho isura rusange, ni ukuvuga ikimenyetso gishushanyijeho ku gahanga, cyasobanuwe nk'inyuguti 'Y' n'akadomo hagati kandi kikagereranya n'ikimenyetso cy'urukundo rwa Prince # 2 . Kakoma ubwe yahimbye ikimenyetso, cyiswe ''les mains levées vers le ciel (amaboko yazamuye yerekeza mu kirere)'', nk'ikimenyetso kigamije kugereranya amaboko abiri ahuza isi n'ijuru. Ukwizera kwe kw'idini no kwizera Imana byamubereye intandaro yo kurema ikimenyetso. <ref name="L'Express" /> Lous yamenyekanye kandi kumyambarire ye nuburyo bwe, yakuye ku bahanzi nka FKA Twigs na Erykah Badu . <ref name="NSSG" /> == Ubuzima bwite == Nk'umwana, Kakoma yakundaga umukino bita 'manga' kandi yabonaga ashishikajwe ninsanganyamatsiko zijyanye namateka ya muntu, cyane cyane ubutwari n'ibikorwa by'intwari, nkibisobanuwe mu byanditswe na Cicero . Mu kubyiruka kwe, yari umukinnyi wa siporo kandi yanakinnye umupira w'amaguru [[Amerika|w'abanyamerika]] imyaka irindwi kubera ko yari ashishikajwe na ''Eyeshield 21'' . <ref name="Intrld">https://intrld.com/interview-lous-and-the-yakuza/</ref> Kakoma yakoze ubushakashatsi bwo kwandika nk'uburyo bwo kwerekana kuva mu bwana, igihe ashishikajwe no kuba umwanditsi w'ibitabo byamuteye kwandika impapuro zirenga 300 z'uburebure. <ref name="Intrld" /> Usibye umuziki n'imyambarire, Lous n'umuhanga cyane, gushushanya bisanzwe,gushushanya imyenda no gukora 'manga' nibishushanyo mbonera . <ref name="Intrld" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] amk5dgxx6y9s1jqgk0o025n2lu8ee96 Somi (African singer) 0 10443 137646 125617 2026-09-15T16:48:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Somi''' (yavutse yitwa '''Laura Kabasomi Kakoma''' ku ya 6 Kamena 1981) ni umuririmbyi wahataniye Grammy award wavukiye muri [[Amerika]], umwanditsi w'indirimbo, umwanditsi w'amakinamico, akaba n'umukinnyi wa filimi ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] no [[Ubugande|muri Uganda]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/somi-new-album-special-tribute-miriam-makeba</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ewn.co.za/2022/01/21/inspired-by-makeba-singer-somi-hopes-latest-offering-lives-up-to-mama-africa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523063932/https://ewn.co.za/2022/01/21/inspired-by-makeba-singer-somi-hopes-latest-offering-lives-up-to-mama-africa |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Somi yavukiye i Champaign, muri Illinois, mu gihe se yari arangije amasomo ya dogiteri muri kaminuza ya Illinois muri Urbana - Champaign . Igihe Somi yari afite imyaka itatu, umuryango we waje kwimukira i Ndola, muri [[Zambiya]], naho se yakoraga mu muryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202105280151.html</ref> . Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980, ubwo se yabaga umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Illinois, basubiye muri Champaign, aho Somi yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kaminuza ndetse na Champaign Central High School . Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza muri Anthropology na African Studies yakuye muri kaminuza ya Illinois muri Urbana - Champaign. Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yakuye muri kaminuza ya New York 's Tisch School of Arts in Performance Studies<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/my-grammy-nomination-was-milestone-celebrate-somi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ibyihariye-kuri-somi-ufite-intumbero-yo-guteza-imbere-ubuhanzi-mu-rwanda-video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2021-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924214636/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ibyihariye-kuri-somi-ufite-intumbero-yo-guteza-imbere-ubuhanzi-mu-rwanda-video |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == umwuga == Muri 2007, yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere ''Red Soil in My Eyes'' muri label ya Harmonia Mundi / World Village label bakoranye amasezerano ye ya mbere yo kumufasha mu muziki. Iyi alubum yakunzwe cyane hamwe nindirimbo "Ingele" yabonye umwanya wa 10 kuri U.S. World Music Charts muri [[Amerika]] mumezi menshi<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/221951</ref>. Muri 2009, Somi yasinyanye na label yigenga ya ObliqSound . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20101124032021/http://www.obliqsound.com/newsb/2009/03/11/obliqsound-signs-vocalist-somi</ref> yahise asohora ''If the Rains Come Firstt'' yasohotse ku ya 27 Ukwakira 2009, hanyuma igatangira kuri no. 2 kuri ''Billboard'' ' iba iya 21 kuri ' Heatseekers chart ''Billboard'' . Iyi alubumu igaragaramo umuhanga wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] Hugh Masekela, umujyanama wa Somi umaze igihe kinini. Muri Werurwe 2011, Somi yashyize alubumu ye ya mbere y'ibitaramo kuri Jazz Standard izwi cyane mu mujyi wa New York . Yasohotse kuri Palmetto Records muri Kanama 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://konnectafrica.net/laura-kabasomi-kakoma-somi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522202715/https://konnectafrica.net/laura-kabasomi-kakoma-somi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Muri 2013, Somi yasinyanye amasezerano yambere ya label na Sony Music kugirango abe umwe mubahanzi ba mbere kuri jazz imprint Okeh Records . Album ye na label yambere yatangiriye ''The Lagos Music Salon'', igaragaramo abahanzi badasanzwe batsindiye Grammy award nka Angelique Kidjo na Common ndetse ikanagaragara kuri US Jazz Charts, yatewe inkunga n'amezi 18 yamaze i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/life/grammy-nominee-somi-joins-spotifys-equal/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510075031/https://guardian.ng/life/grammy-nominee-somi-joins-spotifys-equal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Nyuma yo gushimwa cyane no kuba abafana bariyongereye cyane, ''The Huffington Post'' hamwe nibindi bitangazamakuru byise Somi " Nina Simone mushya". <ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/craig-carpenter/somi_b_5592673.html</ref> Muri Werurwe 2017, yasohoye ''Petite Afrique'' nka alubumu ye ya kabiri kuri Okeh Records. Iyi alubumu yatsindiye igihembo cy’amashusho cya NAACP 2018 kubera indirimbo idasanzwe ya Jazz, ni alubum y’umuryango munini w’abimukira bo muri [[Afurika]] batuye i Harlem, Umujyi wa New York<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/11/rwandan-jazz-maestro-somi-nominated-for-grammy-awards/</ref>. Muri Nyakanga 2020, Somi yasohoye 'Holy Room - Live kuri Alte Oper' Album ya Live, inagaragaramo Radio Big Band ya Frankfurt, yatorewe igihembo cya Grammy award 2021 cya Album nziza ya Jazz Vocal kandi yegukana igihembo cya 2021 NAACP Image Award nka Album ya Jazz Yamamaye, Vocal<ref>https://rwandatoday.africa/rwanda/lifestyle/somi-s-jazz-at-the-grammys-3221188</ref>. Ikinamico yambere ya Somi, ''Dreaming Zenzile'', n'umuziki ushingiye kubuzima bwa Miriam Makeba . Yerekanwe bwa mbere muri The Repertory Theatre ya St. Louis muri Nzeri 2021 nyuma yuko igice cya mbere gihagaritswe iminsi itanu mbere kwerekanwa muri Werurwe 2020 kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19 . Nkumwanditsi n'umukinnyi, akoresha izina rye ryanyuma akagenda na Somi Kakoma<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/press-releases/open-society-foundations-announce-2018-soros-equality-fellows |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2019-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423014101/https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/press-releases/open-society-foundations-announce-2018-soros-equality-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://independent.ng/grammy-nominee-somi-to-join-spotifys-equal-music-program/</ref>.Kuri ubu Somi atuye mu mujyi wa New York<ref>https://en.igihe.com/entertainment/sony-music-international-signs-rwandan-singer</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda uba muri canada]] [[Ikiciro:Abaririmbyi]] brnyhj3utra5p18a3xfu2zi5rwckcag Uwimana Consolée 0 10464 137665 88248 2026-09-15T16:50:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137665 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwimana Consolée ( yavutse 1964 mu karere ka [[Rwanda|Ngororero]] ) ,ni umukinnyi w’ikinamico uzwi nka Nyiramariza m’ Urunana na Manyobwa muri Musekeweya n'izindi zitandukanye akaba abarizwa mu itorero Indamutsa ry' ikigo cy'igihugu gishizwe itangazamakuru ([[Rwanda|RBA)]].<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/55831/byinshi-kuri-uwimana-consolee-uzwi-nka-nyiramariza-mu-runana-ndetse-na-manyobwa-mu-ikinamico-musekeweya-55831.html</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Manyobwa-ari-na-we-Nyiramariza-aravuga-imyato-inganzo-ye</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Uwimana Consolée ni umubyeyi w[[Umwana|'abana]] batanu yirerana kuko umugabo we yitabye Imana mu 1990, Consolée yabyirutse ari umukobwa ushabutse ndetse abo biganye mu mashuri abanza bamufiteho urwibutso nk’umunyembaraga wahoranaga inseko n’ibyishimo ndetse akaba yari azwiho guhora akangurira bagenzi be kutigunga.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ubuzima-butangaje-bwa-uwimana-consolata-wakanyujijeho-nka-manyobwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2020-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109225619/http://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ubuzima-butangaje-bwa-uwimana-consolata-wakanyujijeho-nka-manyobwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Uwimana yatangiye gukina ikinamico ari mu mashuri abanza abigiramo umwete bidasanzwe hanyuma aza kujya mu itorero Indamutsa rya RBA mu mwaka wa 1984.<ref name=":1" /> Uwimana yakinnye amakinamico atandukanye aho izina rye rizwi mu makinamico nka “Bazirunge zange zibe isogo”[ yakinnye ari Bazirunge] ari nayo kinamico yatangiriyeho akijya mu itorero Indamutsa,mu mwaka wa 2002 yatangiye gikina ikinamico Urunana ,akomereza kuri Musekeweya, Ruteruzi ndatashye n’izindi nyinshi.<ref name=":0" /> Uwimana yabaye ikimenyabose mu gihugu hose nka Nyiramariza umugore wa Sitefano mu ikinamico Urunana, by’agahebuzo yubatse izina mu buryo budasanzwe muri Musekeweya aho akina yitwa Manyobwa umugore wa Kibanga.<ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} iklz92m7jmbl3m9pfc1bb40jdca0elv Ingoro ndangamurage y’ibidukikije 0 10468 137755 122156 2026-09-15T17:08:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137755 wikitext text/x-wiki Ingoro y’umurage y’ibidukikije ya Karongi iherere mu ntara y' iburengera zuba bw'u[[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ,iyi ngoro bise ingoro y’amababa atatu kubera ibice bitatu biyigize, harimo igice cy’ingufu zisaza, icy’ingufu zisubiramo ndetse n’icy’ibimera, yubatswe ahanini na Leta y’u [[Rwanda]] ariko hiyongera n’igice gito cy’inkuga y’[[Ubudage]] n’Ubububiligi yuzuye itwaye amafaranga miliyari na miliyoni miliyoni magana atatu (1,300,000000Rwf)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/inzu-ndangamurage/article/karongi-babonye-ingoro |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511142827/https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/inzu-ndangamurage/article/karongi-babonye-ingoro |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>Minisitiri Habineza arasaba ko ingoro y’ibidukikije ya Karongi yafungurwa vuba - Kigali Today</ref>. == Amateka y'ingoro ndangamurage y'ibidukikije == Mu 2015 nibwo ingoro ndangamurage y’ibidukikije ibitse ibikorwa bitandukanye by’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ya mbere mu Rwanda no mu karere ko munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara yafunguwe mu Murenge wa Bwishyura mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]], mu Ntara y’Uburengerazuba mu Rwanda yafunguwe yibandaga ku kumurika ibijyanye n’ingufu (Renewable and non renewable energy), urugendo rukorwa ngo zitange amashanyarazi n’ingaruka zigira ariko nyuma yaje kongerwamo ibijyanye n’[[inyamaswa]] n’amabuye y’agaciro byabaga i Kigali mu Ngoro y’Amateka kamere izwi nko kwa “Kandt” Kuwa 7-10 Kanama 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/ibiteye-amatsiko-ku-ngoro-ndangamurage-y-ibidukikije-yihariye-muri-afurika |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2021-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017022452/http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/ibiteye-amatsiko-ku-ngoro-ndangamurage-y-ibidukikije-yihariye-muri-afurika |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Intego z'ingoro ndangamurage y'ibidukikije == Hari zimwe mu ntego ingoro yashinzwe yiteze kugeraho ndetse zagiyihe ziyongera ari zo zikurikira : * kumurika ibijyanye n’ingufu * Kurengera ibidukikije * gusigasira bimwe mu bimera byagiye bicika bitakiboneka ahantu henshi .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=5&L=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610213612/https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=5&L=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * kurengera urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima harimo inyamaswa nk'inzoka ni ibindi <ref>http://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/144004</ref> Umwihariko w'iyi ngoro niyo yambere y'ubatswe mu karere kibiyaga bigari ndetse na [[African Wildlife Foundation|africa]] muri rusange ishingiye kubidukikije no kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima n'ibimera . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2c5rwpr2eahy3datp318joy7fqmqnhk Jacqueline Mukangira 0 10518 137468 128365 2026-09-15T15:17:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukangira''' '''Jacqueline''' ni umugore w'umunyapolitike ,umudipolomate [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]]. Ni komiseri mukuru w’u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Buhinde]] ,yahoze ari Ambasaderi w’u [[Rwanda]] mu bihugu bya Nordique. <ref>[https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a1Rwanda? https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a1Rwanda?]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.mv/en/news-and-communications/newly-appointed-high-commissioner-of-rwanda-to-maldives-calls-on-the-minister-of-state-for-foreign-affairs |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126084541/https://www.gov.mv/en/news-and-communications/newly-appointed-high-commissioner-of-rwanda-to-maldives-calls-on-the-minister-of-state-for-foreign-affairs |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ambasade-z-u-rwanda-mu-buhinde-u-burusiya-n-u-buyapani-zabonye-ba-ambasaderi-bashya</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/diaspora/article/ambasaderi-mukangira-yasabye-urubyiruko-kutagira-ubwoba-imbere-y-abahakana</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://diplomatist.com/2021/02/02/rwanda-is-partisan-of-a-clean-and-equitable-world-trade-environment/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525214626/https://diplomatist.com/2021/02/02/rwanda-is-partisan-of-a-clean-and-equitable-world-trade-environment/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/2019/07/03/karongi-abarokotse-jenoside-basaba-ko-umusozi-wa-gatwaro-uharirwa-kuba-ubusitani-bwurwibutso/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731155752/https://www.intyoza.com/2019/07/03/karongi-abarokotse-jenoside-basaba-ko-umusozi-wa-gatwaro-uharirwa-kuba-ubusitani-bwurwibutso/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Mukangira yagizwe Komiseri mukuru mu [[Buhinde]] na guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 2019, agera mu [[Buhinde]] ku ya 4 Werurwe 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/ambassador-jacqueline-mukangira-presents-credentials-as-rwanda-high |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126081128/https://en.igihe.com/news/article/ambassador-jacqueline-mukangira-presents-credentials-as-rwanda-high |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ku ya 21 Gicurasi 2021, yashyikirije perezida [[Ubuhinde|w’Ubuhinde]] Ram Nath Kovind ibaruwa ye y’icyizere mu birori byakozwe n’inama kuri videwo kubera icyorezo cya Covid 19.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/more-rwandan-officers-attend-sri-lankan-elite-military-college</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandan-envoy-virtually-presents-her-credentials-indian-president</ref> We na perezida biyemeje gufatanya kurushaho gushimangira umubano w’ibihugu byombi no kungurana ibitekerezo hagati yu [[Rwanda]] na [[Malidivezi|Malidive]] . <ref>https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/24933</ref> Yavuze ku bintu byihariye bigize umuco w’ubucuruzi w’u [[Rwanda]] ndetse na bimwe mu bikorwa ibihugu byombi biteza imbere mu minsi ya vuba<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandan-envoy-virtually-presents-her-credentials-indian-president</ref>. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://diplomatist.com/2021/02/02/rwanda-is-partisan-of-a-clean-and-equitable-world-trade-environment/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525214626/https://diplomatist.com/2021/02/02/rwanda-is-partisan-of-a-clean-and-equitable-world-trade-environment/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mukangira yakoze mu nzego zitandukanye, nk'umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko (2004-2007) y'u[[Rwanda]] , Ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Suwede]] (2007 kugeza 2011), n'Umuyobozi mukuru muri minisiteri y'iububanyi n'Amahanga n'ubutwererane, yahagarariye amahame remezo na ubushakashatsi muri Sena y'u [[Rwanda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rw.emb-japan.go.jp/national_day2011.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803092958/https://www.rw.emb-japan.go.jp/national_day2011.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.rwandainindia.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/the-high-commissioner-jacqueline-mukangira-presents-credentials-to-maldivian-president-1</ref> <ref>https://www.findglocal.com/IN/Delhi/352331061588466/Rwanda-High-Commission-New-Delhi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 0ns5josb7pk5vlh01r7omtwzgibsqi1 Mukabaranga Agnes 0 10576 137627 134416 2026-09-15T16:46:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137627 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mukabaranga Agnes.jpg|thumb|Mukabaranga Agnes]] '''Mukabaranga Agnes''' ni [[Rwanda|Umunyarwandakazi]] w'Umunyapolitiki. <ref name="bio">https://web.archive.org/web/20071023063923/http://www.rwandaparliament.gov.rw/SE/uk/compo/agnes.html</ref> ni umwe mu bagize Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi ya Gikristo (PDC) akaba n'umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-[[Afurika]] ndetse akaba yarahoze mu Nteko Nshinga amategeko no muri Sena y'u [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.urwego.com/2012/09/umuseke-abasenateri-batandatu-bagomba.html</ref>. Ni umunyamategeko wabigize umwuga.<ref>https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/4016168</ref> <ref name="HansWuerth">https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015651/http://articles.mcall.com/2004-04-20/opinion/3543940_1_genocide-rwanda-president-paul-kagame</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == [[Dosiye:Flag of the Rwandan Patriotic Front.svg|thumb]] Mukabaranga yagizwe umunyamuryango wa mbere mu Nteko ishinga amategeko muri Leta y’inzibacyuho nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] mu mwaka 1994 <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ</ref> Mu mwaka 2003, itegeko nshinga rihoraho ryemejwe mu gihugu ryashyizeho igihugu cy’amashyaka menshi gifite inteko ishinga amategeko igizwe na sena n’umutwe w’abadepite. <ref>http://www.economist.com/node/1817766</ref> Mukabaranga yagizwe senateri nyuma yo gutorwa kwa Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] agatorerwa kuba perezida wa mbere mu itegeko nshinga rishya. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/rw.html#2003_Presidential_Election |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2012-07-07 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707005005/http://africanelections.tripod.com/rw.html#2003_Presidential_Election |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yari umwe mu bagore 39 batowe cyangwa bashyizwe mu nteko ishinga amategeko muri uwo mwaka, ugereranije n'abagabo 41. Yarahiriye guharanira ubutabera n'ubwiyunge mu gihugu nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]], yashimangiye uruhare rw'umugore muri iki gikorwa, agira ati: "[[Umugore|Abagore]] biteguye kurushaho kumvikana, bakunda amahoro kandi bafasha mu bwiyunge. <ref name="HansWuerth" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/muhanga-ishyaka-pdc-ngo-nta-wundi-mukandida-ryifuza-utari-kagame.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514100321/https://ar.umuseke.rw/muhanga-ishyaka-pdc-ngo-nta-wundi-mukandida-ryifuza-utari-kagame.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>Mu mwaka 2013, mbere yo kuva muri sena, Mukabaranga yatorewe manda y'amezi atandatu nk'umuvugizi w'ihuriro ry’igihugu ngishwanama ku mashyaka ya politiki ( National Consultative Forum), uruhare yagize ku bufatanye na Sylvie Mpongera wo mu ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti ry’u [[Rwanda]] (Rwanda Socialist Party, PSR)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubuhinzi-bwagaragajwe-nk-inkingi-mwikorezi-mu-kuzahura-ubukungu-bw-u-rwnada |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514101827/https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubuhinzi-bwagaragajwe-nk-inkingi-mwikorezi-mu-kuzahura-ubukungu-bw-u-rwnada |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/64118</ref>. ====== Imirimo y'Ingenzi n'Amamateka ye mu Politiki<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukabaranga-agnes-wa-pdc-yashimye-ubwisanzure-bwatanzwe-na-fpr-inkotanyi</ref> ====== * Urubuga rw'Inararibonye: Ari mu bagize uru rubuga, aho bafite inshingano zo kugira inama leta no gusura ibikorwa remezo n'imishinga minini y'iterambere mu turere dutandukanye tw'igihugu. * Ubuyobozi bw'Ishyaka: Ni we wayoboraga Ishyaka rya PDC kuva mu myaka itari mike ishize. * Inteko Ishinga Amategeko: Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yagizwe umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Inzibacyuho. * Sena y'u [[Rwanda]]: Yabaye Umusenateri mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]] nyuma y'iyemezwa ry'Itegeko Nshinga ryo mu 2003. * Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Afurika (PAP): Bahagarariye u Rwanda mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko yo ku mugabane w'Afurika hagati y'umwaka wa 2004 n'wa 2012. * Ihuriro ry'Imitwe ya Politiki (NFPO): Mu mwaka wa 2013, yatorewe kuba Umuvugizi w'Ihuriro ry'Igihugu ry'Imitwe ya Politiki yemewe mu Rwanda. == Ubuzima bwite == Mukabaranga Agnes yabuze abavandimwe be muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], kandi ni umubyeyi w'Abana bane<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/07/former-presidential-candidate-endorses-kagame/</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] tsi6seexns51grukvn9nrwk2lhyl92q Christine Baingana 0 10601 137452 108639 2026-09-15T15:14:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bayingana Christine''' ni umunyarwanda kazi, akaba ari umuyobozi mukuru wa Urwego Bank ikorera mu [[Rwanda]], aho yatangiye kuyiyobora muri 2017. Christine Bayingana akaba yaratoranijwe nkumwe mu bakozi yagize b’inyangamugayo. <ref>https://create.twu.ca/hassan2020/2018/11/18/ldrs-500-unit-8-women-in-leadership/</ref> == Amashuri yize == [[Dosiye:Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge.jpg|thumb|Cavendish College]] '''Bayingana''' Christine yize amashuri yisumbuye muri Kibuli H. School yo muri [[Ubugande|uganda]] mu ishami ry'imibare n'ubukungu, amasomo ya Kaminuza yayakomereje mu Cavendish College ndetse na New Port University zo mu [[Bwongereza]]. Aha yahakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza muri Business Administartion. Yize kandi muri Havard University Kennedy School of Government, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza muri " Public Administration".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/christine-baingana-wa-urwego-bank-yashyizwe-mu-bagore-10-batanga-icyizere-mu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514172929/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/christine-baingana-wa-urwego-bank-yashyizwe-mu-bagore-10-batanga-icyizere-mu |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibyo Yakoze == Bayingana Christine kandi yakoze imyaka irindwi mu yahoze ari Banki y’ubucuruzi iterambere n’inganda mu Rwanda yitwaga BCDI. Aha yahakoze nk’umuyobozi ushinzwe ibijyanye n’amakarita y’ikoranabuhanga, nyuma yaho aza kugirwa umuyobozi ushinzwe abakiliya bakiri bato, muri ya 2002 na 2005 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa Imprimerie Nouvelle du Rwanda, kuva muri 2006 kugeza mu 2009 aba umuyobozi ushinzwe gahunda muri Tulane University yo muri Amerika. Yamaze imyaka 11 kandi ari umukozi w’umuryango wa gikirisitu, Hope International, aho yakoze nk’umuyobozi ushinzwe Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi nyuma aza kuba umuyobozi mukuru muri Afurika .<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/christine-baingana-wa-urwego-bank-yashyizwe-mu-bagore-10-batanga-icyizere-mu</ref> == Ibihembo == Bayingana Christine yari mu bagore 10 bari kugira uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere no kuvugurura imikorere y’Urwego rw’Imari ku mugabane w' Afurika, aho yaje ku mwanya wa gatandatu kurutonde rugaragaraho abagore bo muri Afurika bakora mu nzego zitandukanye z’imari, zirimo ibigo by’ishoramari, amabanki n’ibigo by’ubwishingizi bizwi nka ‘Angaza Awards’.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] fnh8hsgicvyvbtmd6wdth2rg83khfh2 Umurima 0 10687 137236 136273 2026-09-15T13:56:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137236 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umurima w' ibishyimbo n' urutoki.jpg|thumb|umurima]] [[Dosiye:Umurima w'amasaka.jpg|thumb|umurima]] Umurima ni Ubutaka ubwa aribwo bwose bwateguriwe guhigwaho. Mu murima hakorerwa ubuhinzi butandukanye .<ref>[https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/champ/14557#:~:text=1.,Le%20champ%20de%20la%20psychanalyse. https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/champ/14557#:~:text=1.,Le%20champ%20de%20la%20psychanalyse.]</ref> == UBUHINZI BW'IMYUMBATI<ref>[[Ubuhinzi bw'imyumbati]]</ref> == == [[Ubuhinzi bw'ibigoli|UBUHINZI BW'IBIGOLI]]<ref>[[Ubuhinzi bw'ibigoli]]</ref> == == [[Ubuhinzi bw'amashu|UBUHINZI BW'AMASHU]]<ref>[[Ubuhinzi bw'amashu]]</ref> == [[File:Umurima w'amashu.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'amashu]] == [[Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru|UBUHINZI BW'IBITUNGURU]]<ref>[[Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru]]</ref> == == [[Ubworozi bw’inkoko|UBWOROZI BW'INKOKO]]<ref>[[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]</ref> == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umurima]] 5n9rachatuortc1q6tq7ngb932s11w3 Ibiti bivangwa n'Imyaka 0 12565 137237 114243 2026-09-15T13:56:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137237 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gutera ibiti.jpg|thumb|Ibiti bivangwa nimyaka|369x369px]] Gutera ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka bifatiye runini umuhinzi, ibidukikije ndetse n' igihugu muri rusange. == Akamaro k'Igiti == Igiti gifite umumaro munini mu mibereho ya muntu ndestse n' ibindi binyabuzima bitandukanye biri ku isi, Igiti ni ubuturo bw'urusobe bw'ibinyabuzima bikirimo ari ibigaragara n'ibyo tutabonesha amaso, igiti gifasha mu kurwanya isuri, igiti cyera imbuto ziribwa, igiti gitanga igicucu ku myaka mu murima, igiti cyifashishwa mu gushingirira indi myaka nk'ibishyimbo n'ibindi, igiti gitanga amavuta, igiti kandi gifasha mu gutanga umwuka duhumeka mwiza<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=4958</ref>. [[Dosiye:Agroforestry_Masaka.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Faidherbia_albida.JPG|thumb|Ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka ]] [[Dosiye:Planting trees in Gatenga sector.jpg|thumb|Greveria n'ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka ntibiangize]] == Ubwoko bw'ibiti bivangwa n'Imyaka == Umunyinya Acacia Umugenge Barakatsi Umububa Arunusi Umusibya Igihehe [[Dosiye:Kicukiro nyarurama.jpg|thumb|Avocado]] Umukoni Umunyegenyege [[Dosiye:Climate in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Inturusu]] Mu bwoko bw'ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka byavuzwe hejuru byose bihuriye kukuba bitanga ifumbire no mugutuma imyaka ikungahara igakura neza kandi igatanga umusaruro ushimishije, bifasha mu gutanga igicucu ku myaka iteye hamwe nabyo, bifata ubutaka cg kurwanya isuri, bishobora kuvamo ibiryo by'amatungo, bimwe na bimwe bivamo kandi amakara ,hari n'ibikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo.<ref>http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/suitable-tree/rwanda</ref> [[Dosiye:Agroforesterie_(maïs_et_châtaigner)(2).jpg|thumb|ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka ]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 792stkx3bkv27doyu1d83j59r1nuawg Beef Wellington 0 12578 137647 121204 2026-09-15T16:48:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137647 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Beef Wellington .jpg|thumb|Beef Wellington]] [[Dosiye:Big Mac hamburger.jpg|left|thumb]] == Menya byinshi ku Nyama ya beef Wellington naho yaturutse == Ibisobanuro bya [[Itabi|beef Wellington]] birashoboka kuboneka k'umusore witwa Arthur Wellesley. [[Dosiye:Vegetable Wellington being prepared.jpg|thumb|Beef Wellington]] Azwi cyane kubera gutsinda Napoleon k'urugamba rwa Waterloo, ahabwa izina rya Duke wa mbere wa Wellington. == Ninde muntu wa mbere wakoze beef Wellington? == kuya 18 kamena1815 Duke wa mbere wa Wellington , Arthur Wellesley yatsinze ku rugamba rwa Waterloo, maze hategurwa ibyo kurya kugirango bibuke insinzi mu bisanzwe byemewe kuba aribyo beef Wellington Ishobora gukorwa mbere y'igihe. [[Dosiye:Beef Wellington 2019.jpg|thumb|Beef Wellington]] == Kuki Inyama yiswe beef Wellington izwi cyane? == Uyu munsi [[Itabi|beef Wellington]] izwi cyane nk'igisubizo cya Gordon Ramsey, Icyakora ibyo kurya bifite Inkomoko kera bigera mu ntangiriro y'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda yahawe izina rya Duke wa Wellington nyuma yo kuyobora ihuriro rya karindwi( hamwe na Jenerali Von Blucher) k'urugamba rwa Waterloo mu 1815. Yavutse Arthur Wellesley, Nubwo Azwi cyane nka Duke wa Wellington mu mateka. == Filet ya Wellington yaturutse he? == Ikintu kimwe gishobora kuvugwa neza Ni uko Icyuzuzo cya Wellington nkuko tubizi uyu munsi cyamenyekanye ubwa mbere na chef w'umunyamerika Akaba n'umukinnyi wa firime Julia child. Wamenyekanye kuri filet de bœuf en croûte, Inyama y'inka yuzuye mu [[Ubufaransa|bufaransa]] nka "filet ya Wellington Beef" mu gice cy'umwaka mushya tereviziyo ye, umutetsi w'abafaransa mu 1965 mu ijoro rishya. [[Dosiye:Beef Wellington - rare, sliced.jpg|thumb|Beef Wellington]] == Beef Wellington ikozwe n'iki? == [[Itabi|Beef Wellington]] n'ibiryo bya kera by' abongereza. Beef Wellington n'inyama izingiyeho igipondo cya pate( ubusanzwe foie gras pâte) na duxelle hanyuma ugapfunyika muri puff pastry hanyuma ugateka. [[Dosiye:Beef Wellington - Whole.jpg|thumb|Beef Wellington]] == Nikihe gihugu cyahimbye beef Wellington? == Ibyo kurya bya kera by'abongereza, Inyama beef Wellington n'uruvange rw'inka, ibirayi [[Imboga|n'imboga]]. Iyo ukora inyama ya Wellington ibyo kurya byuzuye bitwikiriwe na pâte mu bisanzwe foie gras pâte na duxelles mbere yo kubizinga hanyuma ikotsa n'ifuru. == Nigute abafaransa bita Beef Wellington? == Ifunguro nkiryo rizwi ku izina rya " filet de bœuf en croûte" ryari rimaze kuba mu bitaramo by'abafaransa mbere y'intambara ya Revolutionary Ef Beef Wellington" Mu cyubahiro cya Wellesley, yahinduwe gusa n'umuntu ahandi hantu. == Ese Beef Wellington byaba ari ibiryo by'abongereza? == [[Itabi|Beef wellington]] Ni ibyo kurya bikomoka mu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]] n' Inyama yometseho pâte ( mu bisanzwe foie gras pâte) na duxelles hanyuma bipfunyikwa kuri puff pastry ubundi igatekwa. [[Dosiye:Beef wellington.png|thumb|Beef Wellington]] == Nigute Beef Wellington yabonye izina? == Iyi nyama yitiriwe Arthur Wellesley, Duke wa wellington watsinze Napoleon aba minisitiri w'intebe w'ubwongereza kandi yari ashinzwe kumenyekanisha amazina ya rubber ariko ntibisobanutse uruhare yagize mu guhindura ibintu biryoshye. Nanone Wellington umusirikare ntiyigeze ahangayikishwa cyane n'ibiryo yahawe bityo areka umutetsi we ngo yishakire ibyifuzo bye kimwe muri byo Akaba ariryo Funguro ryihariye. Nkuko Wellington yishimiye iri Funguro yashimangiye Ko ryatangwa kuri buri funguro. Nanone bivugwa ko ibyo kurya byuzuye bisa neza na boot ya Wellington Akaba ariryo mpanvu yiryo zina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dekooktips.com/recipes-with-beef/who-invented-beef-wellington.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-22 |archive-date=2023-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824115633/https://www.dekooktips.com/recipes-with-beef/who-invented-beef-wellington.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} <ref><nowiki>https://www.dekooktips.com/recipes-with-beef/who-invented-beef-wellington.html</nowiki></ref> [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] e71u9a6wr08xtabfe6w5geyvxzv08c7 Itorero ADEPR 0 12695 137163 136243 2026-09-15T12:40:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137163 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ADEPR_Nyamata_District_Hospital.jpg|thumb|ADEPR Nyamata District Hospital]] Itorero rya ADEPR rimaze imyaka 82 rigeze mu [[Rwanda]], aho ryatangiriye muntara y'[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|uburengerazuba]], kuri ubu rifte abayoboke basaga miliyoni 2.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Minisitiri-Gatabazi-yasabye-abayoboke-ba-ADEPR-kwirinda-ababaca-intege</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} n5k3xotp2hi21go2ronjhwo4yaqpru5 Jimmy Mulisa 0 12707 137238 136328 2026-09-15T13:56:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137238 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Coach McKinstry with Rwanda National Team, Sept 2015.jpg|thumb|Mulisa Jimmy yari yungirije uyu mutoza ]] Jimmy Mulisa wahoze ari umukinnyi ndasimburwa mu ikipe ya APR FC ikipe y'igihugu Amavubi mu myaka yashize ni umwe mu bantu bazwi mu mupira amaguru w'u Rwanda kandi banawufitiye akamaro kuko yabaye umutoza wungirije mu ikipe y'igihugu kuva mu 2015.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ian-kagame-agiye-kwinjira-mu-gisirikare-cy-u-rwanda</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Jimmy Mulisa yavutse 3 mata 1984, yashyingiranywe na UMUTONI Alice mu mwaka w'2016<ref name=":0" /> == Imirimo yakoze == yamenyekanye cyane mu ikipe ya APR FC, akomeza akina mu ikipe zitandukanye nka RAEC Mons, KRC Mechelen, RFC Tournai, KFC Hamme, T-Team FC yo muri [[Malesiya|Maleziya]], akaba yarakiniye ikipe ya [[Amavubi]] akina hagati kuruhande rw'iburyo asatira isamu, yari mu ikipe yu [[Rwanda]] ya kinnye imikino y'anyuma igikombe cya Africa cyi bihugu mu 2004, yatangiriye gutoza ari mu ikipe ya SUNRISE FC ari umuyobozi wa tekinike, aza gukomeza atoza APR FC aho yaje kuba umutoza w'ungirije mu Amavubi 2015.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/69283/amateka-ya-jimmy-mulisa-umutoza-wungirije-w-amavubi-69283.html</ref><ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ibyo-jimmy-mulisa-junior-giti-na-mutokambali-bishimira-kuri-uyu-munsi-bizihiza-isabukuru</ref> yatangije Ikigo gifasha abana kuzamura impano zabo mu mupira w'amaguru cyitwa umuri<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/189805/Sports/inside-jimmy-mulisaas-football-development-academy</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] mmlz8g9xbfpr0us6qumfd16s4hnhno4 Ntagungira Celestin 0 12710 137682 136369 2026-09-15T16:52:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137682 wikitext text/x-wiki Ntagungira Celestin nka Abega ni [[Umugano|umugabo]] w'umunya[[Rwanda Rwacu|rwanda]] wavutse tariki ya 11 [[Gicurasi]] 1966. Uy[[Umugabekazi|umugabo]] n'[[Umuturamugina|umuntu]] wamenyekanye cyane mumupira wamagaruru murwego rwubusifuzi. Ntagungira celestin yasifuye imikino myishi ikomeye kwisi harimo ibikombe by'isi. Muri 2006 yasifuye igikombe cy'isi cyabereye mu [[Ubudage|budage]] na 2010 muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], nibikombe bitatu by'[[Afurika]](2010 muri [[Angola]], 2008 muri [[Gana|Ghana]] na 2006 muri misiri).<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/ntagungira-celestin-yashyizwe-mu-kanama-gashinzwe-amategeko-y-umupira-w-amaguru</ref> == Incamake ya mateka == Nkuko twabivuze hejuru Ntagungira Celestin "[[Abagalatiya|Abega]]" ahagarariye abasifuzi bo mu [[Karekezi Uwacu Martine|karere]] k'[[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] mu mpuzamashyirahamwe y'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] muri [[Afurika]] (CAF) ,akaba kandi ari nawe musifuzi w'umunya[[rwanda]] wa mbere wasifuye [[Umukino|imikino]] mpuzamahanga. Tariki 22 ukwakira 2011 Ntagungira Celestin niwe wegukanye umwanya wo kuyobora ishyirahamwe ry'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira wamaguru]] mu [[Rwanda]] ([[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|FERWAFA]]).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/ntagungira-celestin-abega-yegukanye-kuyobora-ferwafa</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] 6mszioapvkxgm0dcztbmco1qgjpbs33 Mashami Vincent 0 12716 137239 136329 2026-09-15T13:56:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137239 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Mashami Vincent]] ni umwe mubatoza batoje ikipe y'igihugu yu [[Rwanda]] nkuru amavubi, akaba yarayitoje imyaka 4, kuva 18 Kamena 2018 kugeza 02 werurwe 2022.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/ferwafa-yamenyesheje-mashami-vincent-ko-atakiri-umutoza-w-amavubi</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115351/aho-mashami-vincent-yaherewe-amavubi-ni-naho-asize-ayaziritse-115351.html</ref> [[Dosiye:RWA football kit.svg|thumb|umwambaro w' ikipe y'Amavubi]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] dwn4noo6xvq2lvb81w6x0b69wv87tdb AS Kigali 0 12744 137162 136245 2026-09-15T12:39:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137162 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=umujyi+wa+as+kigali&sca_esv=0fe16c1f02c217b7&rlz=1C1CHBD_enRW1029RW1029&sxsrf=AE3TifN9wW_h1G5Q5-MM30WsbQNCrpnWLA%3A1762613767057&ei=B1oPaZebA-6ikdUP5uyg4Qs&ved=0ahUKEwjXutj75-KQAxVuUaQEHWY2KLwQ4dUDCBE&uact=5&oq=umujyi+wa+as+kigali&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiE3VtdWp5aSB3YSBhcyBraWdhbGkyCBAAGIAEGKIEMgUQABjvBTIIEAAYgAQYogQyBRAAGO8FMggQABiABBiiBEjYOFC0DFixE3ABeAGQAQCYAa0CoAGfBqoBBTItMi4xuAEDyAEA-AEBmAIDoAKiBMICChAAGLADGNYEGEfCAgQQIxgnwgIIEAAYogQYiQWYAwCIBgGQBgiSBwcxLjAuMS4xoAefDLIHBTItMS4xuAebBMIHBTAuMS4yyAcM&sclient=gws-wiz-serp</ref>Ikipe ya A.S. Kigali Football Club ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru yo mu Rwanda ikomoka i Kigali. Bakinira imikino yabo ya nyuma kuri Sitade ya Kigali iherereye i Nyamirambo. Yashinzwe mu 1999, iyi kipe ikina muri Shampiyona y'Urwanda. AS Kigali yatwaye igikombe cy'u Rwanda inshuro ebyiri n'igikombe cya Super Cup cy'u [[Rwanda Mountain Tea|Rwanda]] inshuro ebyiri.[[Umujyi wa Kigali]] utanga inkunga ikomeye y'amafaranga ku ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ya AS Kigali, umubano wavuzweho mu makuru menshi. Ibyagezweho [[Dosiye:Seatball WC 2006.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Amahoro Stadium 2003 b.png|thumb|stade]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stade_Amahoro</ref> Igikombe cy'u [[Rwanda]]: 2013, 2019, 2022 Igikombe cya Super Cup cy'u Rwanda: 2 2013, 2022 Shampiyona y'umupira w'amaguru y'abagore yo mu Rwanda<ref>[[:en:AS_Kigali_F.C.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS_Kigali_F.C.]]</ref>[[Dosiye:Rwanda-Kigali.png|thumb|Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Dosiye:Kigali Pele Stadium.jpg|thumb|stade ikunda gukiniraho]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] de1s780co4hihgw2teeawdb8e1qwwx9 Gasogi United 0 12757 137184 136246 2026-09-15T12:55:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gasogi footballers.jpg|thumb|Ikipe yabato ya Gasogi]] [[Dosiye:Footballers training on Southsea Common - geograph.org.uk - 3387965.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] Gasogi United yanditswe mu ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru hakurikijwe amategeko y’ubucuruzi y’u [[Rwanda]] ndetse akaba n’umunyamuryango w’ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]], iyi kipe ikorera mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|karere ka Gasabo]] mu [[Umurenge wa Ndera|murenge wa Ndera]].<ref>https://vymaps.com/RW/Gasogi-United-1026848844190908/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/gasogi-united-yatsinze-bugesera-irara-ku-mwanya-wa-mbere-wa-shampiyona</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] n8g0jrzottg13b1bdeop9gxj52kak1v Mugisha Gilbert 0 12770 137683 136371 2026-09-15T16:53:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137683 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:U20-WorldCup2007-Okotie-Onka.JPG|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] Mugisha Gilbert<ref name=":0">https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/68971/Gilbert_Mugisha.html</ref> Yavutse muri Nyakanga 1996 avukira Imuhanga Muntara y'amajyepfo mugihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]] ni umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru wabigize umwuga, akaba yari umukinnyi wa [[APR FC]] mugihe cy'imyaka ibiri yasinye,<ref>https://www.flashscore.com/player/mugisha-gilbert/CbEUhVR9/</ref> akaba yarayijemo avuye muri [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] muri 2017 yayimazemo imyaka 4, nabwo yarabanje gukina muri Pepiniere FC.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aprfc.rw/nyuma-yiminsi-25-mugisha-gilbert-agarutse-mu-kibuga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171520/http://www.aprfc.rw/nyuma-yiminsi-25-mugisha-gilbert-agarutse-mu-kibuga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ibaruwa-ya-mugisha-gilbert-asezera-ku-bafana-n-umuryango-mugari-wa-rayon-sports</ref> Ubu Mugisha Gilbert akaba ari umukinnyi wikipe y'igihugu Amavubi<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/mugisha-gilbert-yasabye-anakwa-mpinganzima-josephine</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 456qozk316xo58u5v2fi93ac3x4185a Marine FC Rwanda 0 12773 137204 136280 2026-09-15T13:16:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137204 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:U.S. Marines with Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 8th Marine Regiment (1-8), 2d Marine Division stare out at sea aboard Amphibious Assault Ship USS Bataan (LHD 5) during an amphibious training operation May 18 130518-M-PO905-002.jpg|thumb|Ikipe yabasirikare barwanira M'umazi.]] [[Dosiye:Female Football 10.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] Marine FC ni ikipe y'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] y'abasirikare barwanira mu mazi ibarizwa ku gisenyi mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|karere ka Rubavu]], ikina shapiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere mu marushanwa ategurwa na [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]], Ikaba iherutse gutsinda [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/live-sports/article/rayon-sports-yanyagiwe-na-marines-fc-ibitego-3-0-uko-umukino-wagenze-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171125/https://mobile.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/live-sports/article/rayon-sports-yanyagiwe-na-marines-fc-ibitego-3-0-uko-umukino-wagenze-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/musanze-fc-yatsinze-marine-fc-uko-umunsi-wa-kabiri-wa-shampiyona-wagenze</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] t9j25lbhjtrnh5tnddwo7kqcssyq2tu A.S muhanga 0 12775 137205 136282 2026-09-15T13:18:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137205 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Muhanga Business City Monument.jpg|thumb|Monima ya Muhanga]] [[Dosiye:Equipe du Burkina Faso.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] A.S.Muhanga cyangwa se ikipe ya '''muhanga''' ni ikipe y'[[umupira w'amaguru]] ikina mu cyiciro cya mbere cya shampiyona itegurwa na [[FERWAFA]]. Ibarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Karere ka Muhanga]], ikaba ikinira kuri sitade mpuzamahanga ya Muhanga. Ubu ifite umufatanyabikorwa mushya ariwe Hotel Saint André &Lumina Kabgayi, aho bazakorana mu gihe kingana n’imyaka ibiri(2).<ref>Sammy Imanishimwe: [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/as-muhanga-yabonye-umufatanyabikorwa-mushya-inamurika-imyambaro-mishya-amafoto ''AS Muhanga yabonye umufatanyabikorwa mushya, inamurika imyambaro mishya (AMAFOTO)'']. 5-02-2022, [[Kigali Today]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Hakizimana Jean Paul |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/rwamagana-city-ishobora-guterwa-mpaga-na-as-muhanga |title=Rwamagana City ishobora guterwa mpaga na AS Muhanga |website=[[igihe.com]] |date=2022-06-11 |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172418/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/rwamagana-city-ishobora-guterwa-mpaga-na-as-muhanga |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[AS Muhanga]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Muhanga]] 7989r8px6wjb3wrvp07sc8hy0unlhkh Eticnelles Fc 0 12784 137177 136247 2026-09-15T12:52:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137177 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kit body shoulder stripes custom stripes red vert stripes.png|thumb|umutuku n'umweru]] [[Dosiye:Kit shorts Persepolis 1400 red.png|thumb|Ikabutura]] [[Dosiye:Equipe du Burkina Faso.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] Etincelles fc ni ikipe y'umupira wa maguru ibarizwa i Gisenyi mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|karere ka Rubavu,]] ikaba imenyerewe gukina shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere mu [[Rwanda]], ikaba ikinira kuri stade umuganda, yakira abantu ibuhumbi 5000, ikaba ikunze kwamba imyenda irimo ibara ry'imutuku n'umweru.<ref>[[:en:Etincelles_F.C.|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etincelles_F.C.]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/etincelles-fc-ishobora-guterwa-mpaga-ku-munsi-wa-mbere-wa-shampiyona |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-19 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172919/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/etincelles-fc-ishobora-guterwa-mpaga-ku-munsi-wa-mbere-wa-shampiyona |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 1tricz3q7hu6cnlzey4wp3k5q5f4r6w Chorale Ambasada 0 12795 137684 136373 2026-09-15T16:53:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137684 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Chorale 9.jpg|thumb|Chorale|375x375px]] Korare ambasada (Ambassadors of Christ Choir) yashinzwe mu 1995, korari iririmba indirimbo z'ihimbaza Imana n'abantu, ibarizwa mu Itorero ry'Abadiventisti b'Umunsi wa Karindwi wa Remera mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ambassadorsofchristchoir.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-19 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172758/https://www.ambassadorsofchristchoir.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.citimuzik.com/2022/01/audio-ambassadors-of-christ-choir-byamazima-mp3-download.html</ref> ikaba ifite indirimbo nyinshi ziririmbye mu [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]], [[icyongereza]] n'[[Ubugande|urugande]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kampalafm.com/artist?id=749&a=ambassadors-of-christ-choir |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-19 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171251/https://www.kampalafm.com/artist?id=749&a=ambassadors-of-christ-choir |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://afroupdates.com/2022/03/08/ambassadors-of-christ-choir-wasiwe-download-audio-mp3/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-19 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171245/https://afroupdates.com/2022/03/08/ambassadors-of-christ-choir-wasiwe-download-audio-mp3/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Chorale iririmbira Imana]] p4gk021xkxukwusmrrwjzejk97fsb6o Abadiventisti b'Umunsi wa Karindwi 0 12796 137206 136283 2026-09-15T13:18:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137206 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Adventist Symbol.svg|thumb|Icyirangantego cy'abadiventiste b'Umunsi wa Karindwi]] [[Dosiye:Chino Seventh-day Adventist Fellowship Two Crosses.jpg|thumb|Urusengero rw'abadiventiste b'Umunsi wa Karindwi.]] == Amateka y'Itorero ry'abadivantisti == Itorero cyangwa se idini ry'abadivantisti b'umunsi wa karindwi, yatangijwe na Ellen G White aho yigishaga kububahiriza i sabato nk'umunsi wa karindwi w'icyumweru.<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Amateka-ya-Ellen-Gould-White-washinze-idini-ry-Abadivantisiti-b-umunsi-wa-7</ref> == Itorero ry'Abadivantisti mu Rwanda == Abadiventisti b'Umunsi wa Karindwi cyangwa se Abadiventiste b'Umunsi wa Karindwi ryazanye ubutumwa bw’itorero ry’Abadiventiste bwageze mu [[Rwanda]] hagati yu mwaka wi 1918 n’u mwaka wi 1919 buzanywe n’Umubirigi witwaga DELHOVE waje kunganirwa na MONNIER Heneriko, muri icyo gihe hari mu gihe cy’intambara ya mbere y’isi, aba misiyoneri bandi b’abaporotesitanti bari barasubiye iwabo, aba Abadiventisiti basigara bigisha bonyine, bigisha n’abo bari baratawe nabandi, Aho bagarukiye ba DELHOVE na MONNIER bajya inama yo kugabana uturere, MONNIER ajya Mu BUGANZA, DELHOVE ajya i NYANZA, Umuntu wa mbere wabatijwe ni Yohana RUVUGIHOMVU mu 1924 akurikirwa na RUKANGARAJUNGA Petero muri uwo mwaka. Mu 1924 kandi nibwo MONNIER Heneriko yafunguye [[ishuri]] aza kurifashwamo n’abarimu bari bamaze kumenya kwandika gusoma no kubara.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171147/http://www.rebero.co.rw/2019/08/27/itorero-ryabadiventisti-bumunsi-wa-karindwi-ryageze-mu-rwanda-mu-1919/</ref> == Ibindi == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] l6jyavhtq72q0xzmq2hwo37awcfm9uu Mpazimaka Rafiki 0 12800 137719 136420 2026-09-15T17:00:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137719 wikitext text/x-wiki Mpazimaka Rafiki ni umugabo w'umunya[[Rwanda-Urundi|rwanda]] beshi bakunze kwita Rafiki coga style, uy[[Umugabekazi|umugabo]] yamamaye cyane mujyana bita coga ([[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] dancehall) kandi akaba ari nawe wayizanye mu [[Rwandair|Rwanda]] ndetse bakanayimwitirira "[[Umwami]] wa coga style". == Amateka == Mpazimaka Rafiki beshi bakunze kwita Rafiki coga style yavukiye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'a Congo]] 1984 akaba ari ipfura m[[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA|umuryango w'abana]] batanu ba Tuganishuri Rubango na Francoise Balinda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/bya-bihe-indirimbo-icumi-za-rafiki-zagacishijeho-mu-bakunzi-b-umuziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-19 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171637/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/bya-bihe-indirimbo-icumi-za-rafiki-zagacishijeho-mu-bakunzi-b-umuziki |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} igrxhrue3epioyym5vynuffcnreysux Abahamya ba Yehova 0 12828 137271 136331 2026-09-15T14:18:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137271 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:JW Logo.svg|thumb|Icyirangantego cy'abahamya ba Yehova.]] '''Abahamya ba Yehova''' ni dini rifite inkomoko muri [[Amerika]] rikaba rifite abayoboke bangana na miliyoni 8 ku isi hose. == Amateka == Mu kinyejana cya 19 mu mwaka wa 1870; abanyeshuri bo muri [[Amerika]] bafite inkomoko mu ishuri rya bibiliya ryitwaga Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ryashinzwe na Charles Taze Russell na bagenzi be<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.cultureoeuvre.com/10605983-are-jehovah39s-witnesses-a-sect-or-a-religion |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928075603/https://rw.cultureoeuvre.com/10605983-are-jehovah39s-witnesses-a-sect-or-a-religion |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nyuma yaho Charles Taze Russel hamwe n'itsinda rye bashinze ikinyamakuru cyabaga gikubiyemo inyigisho za gikirisito cyitwa umunara w'umurinzi. == Abahamya ba Yehova mu [[Rwanda]] == Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1970, muri werurwe nibwo abahamya ba Yehova batangiye gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza mu Rwanda.Umuvugizi w’Abahamya ba Yehova mu [[Rwanda]],yitwa Habiyaremye Jean d’Amour.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/abahamya-ba-yehova-bagiye-gutangira-kubwiriza-mu-ruhame-nyuma-y-imyaka-ibiri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920182232/https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/abahamya-ba-yehova-bagiye-gutangira-kubwiriza-mu-ruhame-nyuma-y-imyaka-ibiri |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibarura ry’abaturage mu [[Rwanda]] ryo mu 2002 ryagaragaje ko amadini ahagaze ryashyizeho ko [[Abahamya ba Yehova]] banganaga na 4%. == Uburyo babwiriza == Abahamya ba Yehova babwiriza hifashijwe Bibiliya, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibitabo. [[Dosiye:Témoins de Jéovah Place de Francfort (Lyon) et le Rhône Express au second plan.jpg|thumb|Abahamya ba Yehova.]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] 17k3s099pcawi1jdx5430z2vvplc19v Uwimana Jean Francois 0 12831 137756 136649 2026-09-15T17:08:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137756 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Église Saint-Charles-Borromée de Québec.jpg|thumb|Kiliziya Uwmina Jean Francois Asengeramo]] Uwimana Jean Francois ni padiri muri [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|kiriziya Gatolika]] ubu uri kwiga mu Budage, yashyize hanze indirimbo yise ‘Uwacu’ iherekejwe n’amashusho, aho agaragaza urukumbuzi n’amazina ya bamwe mu bakomeye babayeho mu mateka y’u [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/padiri-jean-francois-uwimana-yahakanye-kwinjira-muri-politiki-nyuma-yo-gusohora |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172454/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/padiri-jean-francois-uwimana-yahakanye-kwinjira-muri-politiki-nyuma-yo-gusohora |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/121123/padiri-uwimana-yifashishije-ama-g-mu-ndirimbo-nshya-umuriro-video-121123.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 28lshjr3zchb8yvxqnssztbht590qcy Bizimana Patient 0 12839 137240 136376 2026-09-15T13:56:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137240 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Shure mikrofon 55S.jpg|thumb|116x116px]] [[Dosiye:Neumann U87 microphone 20050905.jpg|thumb]] Bizimana Patient ni umuramyi umaze gushinga imizi mu ndirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana, Umuziki yawutangiye akiri muto akiyumvamo impano yatangiye kwihatira kwiga gucuranga piano mu rusengero hanyuma bigeze mu 2007 asohora indirimbo ye bwite yitwa ‘Andyohera’ ari nabwo benshi batangiye kumubwira ko afite ijwi ryiza, Yakunzwe bidasanzwe mu ndirimbo ze nka ‘Iyo neza’, ‘Amagambo yanjye’, ‘Menye neza’, ‘Ikimenyetso’, ‘Ubwo buntu, ‘Ndaje’ n’izindi nyinshi, akaba yarashakanye na '''Karamira Uwera''' '''Gentille''' bitegura kurwubaka nk’umugabo n’umugore.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/patient-bizimana-%E2%80%8Byerekanywe-mu-rusengero-n-umukunzi-we-bitegura-kurushinga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920180721/https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/patient-bizimana-%E2%80%8Byerekanywe-mu-rusengero-n-umukunzi-we-bitegura-kurushinga |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/umuhanzi-patient-bizimana-wamamaye-yasabye-anakwa-umukunzi-we</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] 27elklhep9r9h22shxpxpkgd7z2ya1k Misigaro Adrien 0 12846 137720 136561 2026-09-15T17:00:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137720 wikitext text/x-wiki Misigaro Adrien ni umuramyi w’Umunyarwanda ukorera umuziki muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika akaba hashize imyaka 17 aririmba, akaba yarakoze igitaramo cy’amateka yateguye bagitangiye batambira Imana, barinda basoza ubona bakinyotewe, Ni cyo cya mbere cyasubitswe ubwo Covid-19 iki cyorezo cyageraga mu [[Rwanda]] ku nshuro ya mbere, Yakoze indirimbo nyinshi zagiye zikundwa zirimo ’Ntacyo Nzaba,Nkwite Nde,Twarahuye na Mfite Impamvu’.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyemerere/ibiterane/article/ubwitabire-buhambaye-no-kwizihirwa-ibyishimo-bisendereye-mu-gitaramo-cya-adrien |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172939/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyemerere/ibiterane/article/ubwitabire-buhambaye-no-kwizihirwa-ibyishimo-bisendereye-mu-gitaramo-cya-adrien |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/umuramyi-adrien-misigaro-n-umuvandimwe-we-i-kanombe-bakiriwe-n-inkumi-z-ikimero</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] cyf8pxg9rqdz62l9t6s8t1uszwq1w8m Nitezeho Aimée Frank 0 12848 137272 136332 2026-09-15T14:18:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137272 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Milan Foursquare Church.jpg|thumb|Foursquare Church]] Nitezeho Aimée Frank ni umwe mu baramyi beza dufite mu ivugabutumwa mu [[Rwanda]], aho akunzwe mu ndirimbo zitandukanye nka "Ubuhamya bwejo","Umugisha" nizindi, akaba akorera umurimo mu Itorero rya [[City Light Foursquare Gospel Church|FourSquare Gospel Church Kimironko]], akaba abarizwa mu Upendo Ministries, akaba yaritabiriye ibitaramo byinshi harimo Icyo yakoreye muri [[Kenya]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115109/aime-frank-yahishuye-uko-yahuye-na-rev-natasha-ibyo-baganiriye-akanabisinyira-anavuga-kuri-115109.html</ref> Frank Ndetse yanitabiriye nicyindi gitaramo cyiswe ‘Worship Legacy Season 3’ cyateguwe na [[Gisubizo Ministries]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/gospel/article/bosco-nshuti-mu-bazaririmba-mu-gitaramo-cya-gisubizo-ministries |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920194614/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/gospel/article/bosco-nshuti-mu-bazaririmba-mu-gitaramo-cya-gisubizo-ministries |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] shxb66hupmqw6ss7ny2n4bttpogw55u Agasaro Tracy 0 12851 137207 136284 2026-09-15T13:18:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137207 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Agasaro Tracy.jpg|thumb|AGASARO Tracy]] Agasaro Tracy ni umunyamakuru ukora kuri KC2 Ishami rya Kabiri rya Televiziyo y’u [[Rwanda]]. Ni umuramyi ukomeye aho asengera muri [[City Light Foursquare Gospel Church|FourSquare Gospel Church]] riherereye Kimironko, akaba ari umugore wa Iradukunda René Patrick usengera muri [[The Love of Jesus Christ Church]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-wa-rba-tracy-agasaro-yakorewe-ibirori-byo-gusezera-k-ubukumi-video</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-tracy-agasaro-ukorera-kuri-rba-yasezeranye-imbere-yamategeko-numukunzi-we-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920203836/https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-tracy-agasaro-ukorera-kuri-rba-yasezeranye-imbere-yamategeko-numukunzi-we-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thefacts.rw/tracy-agasaro-wa-kc2-yahishuye-impamvu-abantu-babyibushye-batisanzura-kuri-bose |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-date=2023-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230328/https://www.thefacts.rw/tracy-agasaro-wa-kc2-yahishuye-impamvu-abantu-babyibushye-batisanzura-kuri-bose |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Mu buzima bwe mu rukundo bwamenyekanye cyane cyane ku wa 17 Nyakanga 2020, ubwo René Patrick yasabye Agasaro ko yamubera umugore.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] dpitbnq0o3f1f5aw24xijtxl3ztsnwg Iradukunda Rene Patrick 0 12852 137273 136333 2026-09-15T14:18:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137273 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Agasaro Tracy.jpg|thumb|Tracy umugore wa Rene Patrick|368x368px]] Iradukunda Rene Patrick ni umuramyi, umuyobozi, Kandi nin'umwe mu bahanzi b’indirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana usengera muri [[The Love of Jesus Christ Church]], akaba ari umugabo wa [[Agasaro Tracy]] umunyamakuru ukora kuri KC2 Ishami rya kabiri rya Televiziyo y’u [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-wa-rba-tracy-agasaro-yakorewe-ibirori-byo-gusezera-k-ubukumi-video</ref> Azwi mu ndirimbo nka ‘Arankunda’, ‘Uko wahoze’, ‘Jehovah’, ‘Mfite Impamvu’ na ‘Ni byiza.’ akaba ari nawe washinze Tehillah W.M ihugura abaramyi bakiri bato mu by’imiririmbire.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-tracy-agasaro-ukorera-kuri-rba-yasezeranye-imbere-yamategeko-numukunzi-we-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920203836/https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-tracy-agasaro-ukorera-kuri-rba-yasezeranye-imbere-yamategeko-numukunzi-we-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] 3d254u8js09lgmb2cdc01fyrgxq4czp The Love of Jesus Christ Church 0 12853 137208 136285 2026-09-15T13:18:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Statue of Jesus Christ at Kakoge.jpg|thumb|The Love of Jesus Christ]] [[Dosiye:Umusaraba.jpg|thumb|Umusaraba]] The Love of Jesus Christ Church uri ni urusengero ruherereye hano [[kigali]], aho umugabo wa [[Agasaro Tracy]] asengeramo witwa [[Iradukunda Rene Patrick]] akaba ari umuramyi muri urwo rusengero mu ndirimbo zitandukanye nka ‘Arankunda’, ‘Uko wahoze’, ‘Jehovah’, ‘Mfite Impamvu’ na ‘Ni byiza.’<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-wa-rba-tracy-agasaro-yakorewe-ibirori-byo-gusezera-k-ubukumi-video</ref> [[Dosiye:Chapel of the Holy Heart of Jesus.jpg|center|thumb|The love of Jesus Christ Church]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] orq6jw6r0kb23yi3s5to57hp91k6t8f Ibitaro bya Muhima 0 12854 137274 136377 2026-09-15T14:19:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137274 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2013-06-05 13-32-12 Rwanda Kigali - Muhima.JPG|thumb|Muhima]] Ibitaro bya muhima byahoze ari ishami byibitaro bikuru bya kaminuza CHUK. ishingano nyamukuru yabyo yari ukubyaza. nyuma byaje kugirwa ibya karere ka nyarugenge. Ibitaro bya Muhima ni ibitaro biherereye mu [[Rwanda Mountain Tea|Rwanda]] mu Karere ka Nyarugenge aho ubu byatangiye gutanga nizindi serivisi zubuvuzi<ref>[https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/umuyobozi-w-ibitaro-bya-muhima-yikomye-itangazamakuru Umuyobozi w’ ibitaro bya Muhima yikomye itangazamakuru - Umuryango.rw]</ref>. == Umwihariko w' ibitaro bya Muhima == [[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali|Ibitaro]] bya Muhima nkuko twabivuze haruguru biherereye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, ni ibitaro bifite umwihariko wo kwita ku bagore batwite n'abana ariko bitanga n'izindi serivisi z'ingenzi mu buvuzi ku bivuza bataha.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Akarere-ka-Nyarugenge-kagatangaje-ko-ibitaro-bya-Muhima-biye-kwagurwa</ref> Serivisi zitangwa n'Ibitaro bya Muhima: * Serivisi zitangwa n'ubuyobozi * Kwakira abivuza bataha * Indwara z'ababyeyi no kubyaza * Indwara z'abana * Indwara z'impinja * Indwara z'amenyo * Indwara zo mu mutwe * Insimburangingo n'Inyunganirangingo * Indwara zitandura (NCDs) * Gupima ibizamini * Ubujyanama ku bwandu bwa SIDA * Gusuzuma no gukurikirana abarwaye indwara z'umwijima (Hepatite B na C) n' igituntu * Guca mu cyuma * Gusuzuma kanseri y'inkondo y'umura * Kuboneza urubyaro * Indwara z'amaso * kwakira abahuye n'ihohoterwa<ref>kwakira abahuye n'ihohoterwa</ref>[[Dosiye:Baby born.jpg|thumb|Umubyeyi wa byaye]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} pulp36cfzt01t6gbvjf0l34quv4sf0q Iyamuremye Serge 0 12860 137565 136608 2026-09-15T16:07:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137565 wikitext text/x-wiki Iyamuremye Serge ni umuramyi, umuyobozi, ni umwe mu bahanzi b’indirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana, akaba yerekeje muri Amerika gusura umukunzi we Uburiza Sandrine bitegura gukora ubukwe.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/119006/serge-iyamuremye-yagiye-muri-amerika-gusura-umukunzi-we-bitegura-kurushinga-119006.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] he9sdvlnruxhycnliysj4af8p643uhz Yampano 0 12870 137803 135535 2026-09-15T18:16:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[YAMPANO]] to [[Yampano]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 135535 wikitext text/x-wiki Yampano ni umuhanzi umaze kwamamara muri muzika nyarwanda, amazina ye bwite ni Florien Uworizagwira,akaba yaravutse mu mwaka wa 2005 avukira mu karere ka [[Nyamasheke]], mu ntara y'iburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/200677/Entertainment/meet-yampano-a-budding-rb-artiste</ref> == Urugendo rwe mu muziki == Yampano ni umwe mubahanzi bakizamuka muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Rwacu|rwanda]]. uyu ni [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|umuhanzi]] wagaragaje ko afite impano ibihangano bye byakunzwe nabataribake mu [[Rwanda]]. Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] ubu abarizwa [[MUNZENZE|munzu]] y'[[umuziki]] wa "TB Music Entertainment " .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107714/ntibari-bateguye-gukorana-yampano-yasohoye-indirimbo-yakoranye-na-yvanny-mpano-atarabona-l-107714.html</ref> == Amakimbirane == Yampano yagiranye Amakimbirane n'inshuti bivugwa ko babanaga mubuzima bwa buri munsi ari nawe umufatira amashusho yo gusakaza kumbuga nkoranyambaga ibyo bikaba byaratuma iyo nshuti ye izwi kwizina rya Pazzo icyekwaho kugira Uruhare mu mugukwirakwiza amashusho yuyu muhanzi ari gutera akabariro nuwo bashakanye ibyo bamwe bita amashusho ayurukuzasoni<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/en/news/rwanda-arrests-two-for-sharing-singer-yampanos-private-videos-1763358732009</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} hcol21luqkpm1musyu9tcfj07iuygbt Police Fc 0 12872 137180 136248 2026-09-15T12:54:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Female Football 05.jpg|thumb|ikipe|303x303px]] [[Dosiye:Nation_police.jpg|thumb|police y'u Rwanda ]] Police Fc yatangiye gukina muri 2000, ni ikipe umupira w'amaguru yegamiye kuri [[Police Women Volleyball club|Police]] y'igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]], ifite icyicaro i [[Kigali]], kandi kuri ubu ikina irushanwa yose ategurwa na [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|Ferwafa]], ikaba yaratangiriye mu cy'iciro cy'akabiri, ubu iri mu cyambere.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_F.C._(Rwanda)#cite_note-1</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/police-fc-yahawe-umuyobozi-mushya-mashami-vincent-agirwa-umutoza-mukuru</ref> [[Dosiye:Rwanda National Police.png|center|thumb|Ikirango cya Police]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] fp6uoapywzpjtaopdxqk4ew4lreq3g7 Espoir Fc 0 12876 137209 136249 2026-09-15T13:18:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137209 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Team éperviers.jpg|thumb|Ikipe]] Espoir Fc ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ikina mu cy'iciro cy'ambere mu [[Rwanda]] mu marushanwa ategurwa na [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]], ikaba ibarizwa mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'uburengerazuba]] mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|karere ka Rusizi]], ikaba imaze no kubona Umutoza Mushya wu Murundi ndetse inzu abakinnyi babagamo zaje gushya.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/espoir-fc-yabonye-umutoza-mushya</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espoir_F.C._(Rwanda)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/inzu-icumbikamo-abakinnyi-ba-espoir-fc-yafashwe-n-inkongi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921115547/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/inzu-icumbikamo-abakinnyi-ba-espoir-fc-yafashwe-n-inkongi |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:RusiziDist.png|center|thumb|Aho ikipe ya Espoir ikomoka]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 26sug7mh7ywwpu2nlsj7gspa4eek8vo Gorilla Fc 0 12877 137210 136286 2026-09-15T13:19:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gorilla gorilla gorilla8.jpg|thumb|Gorilla Fc]] [[Dosiye:Footballers training on Southsea Common - geograph.org.uk - 3387965.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] Gorilla Fc ni ikipe ikina Shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere mu marushanwa ategurwa n'ishyirahamwe ry'umupira wa maguru [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]] mu [[Rwanda]], muri uyu 2022-2023 wimikino.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/kiyovu-sports-gasogi-united-na-gorilla-fc-zabonye-intsinzi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] oxsnq5os5hb4w8opcrtt3el2r768xlh Gicumbi Fc 0 12880 137211 136287 2026-09-15T13:19:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Footballers training on Southsea Common - geograph.org.uk - 3387965.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] Gicumbi FC ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru iherereye mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Karere ka Gicumbi]], [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] mu [[Rwanda]], ubu ikaba iri mu cyiciro cy'akabiri cya shampiyona mu marushanwa ategurwa na [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]].<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/gicumbi-fc/</ref>Ah [[Dosiye:GicumbiDist.png|center|thumb|Gicumbi fc|457x457px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 09xzweo81ac28bwyimxla17xvgrlcv5 Sunrise Fc 0 12883 137212 136251 2026-09-15T13:19:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137212 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Female Football 11.jpg|thumb|Ikipe]] Sunrise Fc ni ikipe izamutse mu cyiciro cya mbere muri shampiyona itegurwa na Ferwafa mu [[Rwanda]], aho yaguze umukinnyi uturutse mu gihugu cya [[Uganda]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/sunrise-fc-sign-ugandan-midfielder</ref> [[Dosiye:Team éperviers.jpg|center|thumb|Ikipe y'abakinnyi bumupira wamaguru]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 3rnl850ygxftlvz5elhu1x2cw5msw6o Amagaju Fc 0 12886 137185 137130 2026-09-15T12:55:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137185 wikitext text/x-wiki == [[FERWAFA|Uko yashinzwe]] == Iyi ni imwe mu makipe ya mbere afite amateka maremare kandi ashaje cyane mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda. Yashinzwe ahagana mumwaka 1935.: Amagaju FC yashinzwe n’Umutware ''Rutaremara'' ubwo yari amaze kugabirwa ubutware bw’Intara cyangwa ubutware bwa Bufundu (ubu akaba ari mu Karere ka Nyamagabe mu Ntara y'Amajypfo mucyahoze ari Gikongoro). Umupira w'amaguru muri icyo gihe wari umaze kumenyekana mu gihugu binyuze mu mashuri, cyane cyane ababyirukaga n'abigaga i Kabgayi bigishwaga n'abamisiyoneri b'abazungu.<ref name=":0">https://ingenzinyayo.com/2018/09/13/ikipe-amagaju-fc-niyo-ifite-imyaka-myinshiariko-ntacyerekezo-igiraizira-ikiizazahurwa-nande/</ref> == Ibigwi n'amateka == <ref name=":0" />Mu mateka y’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda, Amagaju FC ntabwo ari ikipe izwiho gutwara ibikombe bya shampiyona y'ikiciro cyambere, ahubwo ibigwi byayo bishingiye ku mateka yayo maremare, kuba kera yaratsindaga amakipe akomeye nka Rayon sport, Mukura Victory Sports,Kiyovu Sports ndetse na Panthères Noires Kigali yaje gusenywa bityo Amagaju bikayaviramo kwitwa "Inkuba Zesa", no kuba ari yo kipe ya mbere mu Rwanda yahimbiwe indirimbo iyirata ibigwi ariyo "Dore Inganji Iturutse i Bufundu", yahimbwe na Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami, ishingiye ku kurata ibigwi by'ikipe n'imihigo yayo. == Bamwe mubayiyoboye == == ''Paul Nshimyumuremyi'' Ni we Perezida w'Amagaju FC ucyuye igihe kandi umaze imyaka itari mike ayiyobora, harimo n’igihe yayifashaga kuzamuka mu Cyiciro cya Mbere (Rwanda Premier League) mu mwaka wa 2023. mubandi bayiyoboye harimo ''Munyantwali Alphonse'' wari umuyobozi wakarere ka Nyamagabe. Ni we muyobozi uzwi cyane wabyutse izina ry’Amagaju FC ubwo yari Meya w'Akarere ka Nyamagabe (nyuma yaje kuba Guverineri w'Intara y'Amajyepfo, ubu akaba ari na Perezida wa FERWAFA). == == Ukoyiteguye umwaka wimikino == Nyuma y’uko mu ntangiriro z’umwaka ikipe itandukanye n’umutoza Niyongabo Amars wari umaze imyaka ibiri n'igice, Amagaju FC yinjiye mu cyerekezo gishya cyo gushaka abatoza bafite amashagaga nka Sghir Hammadi hamwe n'abatoza bunganira barimo [Imurora Hakizimana Japhet] . <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/amagaju-fc-yabonye-abakinnyi-bashya-n-umutoza-bavuye-i-burundi</ref>Komite y’iyi kipe ikunze kwibanda kuzana abakinnyi bafite imbaraga bakura mu bihugu bituranye nka u Burundi na DR Congo, ndetse n'abakinnyi bakiri bato mu gihugu kugira ngo hubakwe urwego rurambye kandi ruzigamye mu bukungu bw'ikipe. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] nmoqmdzyyzv42namyikcmyvmc8xacjg Kirehe Fc 0 12888 137213 136289 2026-09-15T13:19:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137213 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umukino.jpg|thumb|Ikipe y'Umupira w'amaguru]] Kirehe Fc ni ikipe y'umukipra w'amaguru yamanutse mu cyiciro cya Kabiri mu mwaka wa 2019 muri shampiyona itegurwa na [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/kirehe-fc-yasabwe-kwishyura-abakinnyi-bitarenze-tariki-20-mutarama-2021</ref> [[Dosiye:KireheDist.png|center|thumb|Aho Kirehe FC ibarizwa]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] tsqrxyanyoz40msqbjcwozbd0zf27o7 Esperance Fc 0 12892 137241 136334 2026-09-15T13:56:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137241 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Team éperviers.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] Esperance Fc ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ibarizwa mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], ikaba ikina icyiciro cy'akabiri cy'amarushanwa ategurwa na [[FERWAFA|ferwafa]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fr.besoccer.com/match/esperance-fc/apr-fc/2014291819 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921145900/https://fr.besoccer.com/match/esperance-fc/apr-fc/2014291819 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220921145859/https://worddisk.com/wiki/Esp%C3%A9rance_F.C._(Kigali)/</ref> [[Dosiye:KIGALI city view.jpg|center|thumb|Esperance FC ibarizwa mu mujyi wa Kigali]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 2e5bxklzvuruil1yz2cj9ho74z1wwa7 Heroes Fc 0 12894 137275 136335 2026-09-15T14:19:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137275 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Equipe du Burkina Faso.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] Heroes Fc ni ikipe yazamutse mu cyiciro cya mbere uyu mwaka ntiyagaragaye ku rutonde rwahyizwe hanze na [[FERWAFA]] rw’amakipe yo mu cyiciro cya mbere azakina igikombe cy’Amahoro uyu mwaka.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/gasogi-united-na-heroes-fc-ntizizitabira-igikombe-cy-amahoro-uyu-mwaka</ref> ariko Heroes Fc imenyereye icyiciro cy'ambere cy'ashampiyona yomu [[Rwanda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/live-sports/article/live-rayon-sports-yakiriwe-na-heroes-fc-ibanziriza-ikipe-ya-nyuma-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921151911/https://mobile.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/live-sports/article/live-rayon-sports-yakiriwe-na-heroes-fc-ibanziriza-ikipe-ya-nyuma-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] qh9ut6tzr8fk0ki7u2eyc2shi4vmwmj Intare Fc 0 12897 137276 136336 2026-09-15T14:19:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Female Football 06.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] Intare fc ni ikipe isanzwe ikina imikino y'igikombe cy'amahoro mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/live-sports/article/live-rayon-sports-yakiriye-intare-fc-mu-mukino-utegerejwe-na-benshi-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921155321/https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/live-sports/article/live-rayon-sports-yakiriye-intare-fc-mu-mukino-utegerejwe-na-benshi-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] ly2uk3vv7jq3867j3ygdwzqtq0e1o4s Gasabo United Fc 0 12904 137685 136421 2026-09-15T16:53:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137685 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Equipe du Burkina Faso.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] Gasabo United FC ni ikipe yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri yahagaritswe umwaka umwe n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe umupira wamaguru mu Rwanda [[FERWAFA]], muri shampiyona ya 2016/2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/133686/sports/gasabo-unity-fc-banned-from-2nd-div-league |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921171306/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/133686/sports/gasabo-unity-fc-banned-from-2nd-div-league |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:GasaboDist.png|center|thumb|Aho Gasabo United yabarizwaga]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 0947n6ws6if0tykzevajbjoskc7gz61 Isonga Fc 0 12911 137214 136291 2026-09-15T13:19:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137214 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Female Football 10.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] Isonga FC imaze imyaka itandatu ikina amarushanwa ya [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]] haba mu cyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri, yari yazamutse umwaka ushize w’imikino igarutse mu cyiciro cya mbere ariko ubuyobozi bwayo buhitamo ko itagikina isimbuzwa [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|Kiyovu Sports]] na yo yari yamanutse.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/isonga-fc-yasezeye-mu-cyiciro-cya-kabiri-yasimbujwe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921181655/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/isonga-fc-yasezeye-mu-cyiciro-cya-kabiri-yasimbujwe |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] a9z37k6uzcuu3it2m0yt4nw8jvhxxv9 Rugende Fc 0 12912 137277 136337 2026-09-15T14:19:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Football game.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] Rugende FC ni ikipe yo mu kiciro cya kabiri, ikaba ikunze gukina imikino ya gicuti aho yakinnye na [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] yu mukino wabereye mu Nzove i Nyarugenge, aho ikipe ya Rayon Sports isanzwe ikorera imyitozo maze Rugende Fc itsindwa ibitego 11-0.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/mu-mukino-wa-gicuti-rayon-sports-yatsinze-rugende-fc-ibitego-11/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 2p2yj3766q42ozdg0n2ae7qhr5amigm Rwasamanzi Yves 0 12943 137242 136339 2026-09-15T13:57:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137242 wikitext text/x-wiki Rwasamanzi Yves ni umutoza w’ikipe y’igihugu AMAVUBI y’abatarengeje imyaka 23.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/yves-rwasamanzi-yahamagaye-amavubi-y-abatarengeje-imyaka-23-azakina-na-libya</ref> ubusazwe akaba ari umutoza w’ikipe ya [[Marine FC Rwanda|Marines FC]], Yves Rwasamanzi avuga ko ari amahirwe kuba atoza ikipe iyobowe n’abasirikare kuko ifite uko yubakitse uko byagenda kose itazamo akavuyo'''.'''<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ni-amahirwe-gukorana-n-abasirikare-umutoza-yves-rwasamanzi</ref> Aba kandi yarigeze nogutoza ikipe ya [[La Jeunesse Fc]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/la-jeunesse-fc-yagarukanye-intego-nshya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921170910/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/la-jeunesse-fc-yagarukanye-intego-nshya |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] c9flp8z75ddkxc1o0m725v4t5st3c84 Ruremesha Emmanuel 0 12945 137278 136340 2026-09-15T14:19:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137278 wikitext text/x-wiki Ruremesha Emmanuel umutoza umaze gutoza amakipe menshi mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107621/yatoje-kaminuza-yu-rwanda-atwara-cecafa-ayikuye-hanze-ruremesha-emmanuel-wahawe-mukura-ni--107621.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == [[Dosiye:NyarugengeDist.png|thumb|Aho Ruremesha yavukiye akaniga amashuri abanza]] Ruremesha Emmanuel yavukiye ku Mumena, yize amashuri abanza kuri EP Cyivugiza ayasoreza kuri Camp Kigali mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|karere ka Nyarugenge]] , yakomeye ayisumbuye mu [[Burundi]], nyuma Ya jenocide yakorewe Abatutsi yaje gusoreza amashhuri kuri ET Muhazi mu ishami ry'ubucuruzi.<ref name=":0" /> == Muri ruhago == Ruremesha Emmanuel yakinishaga ku ruhande agakinisha akuguru kuburyo, yatangiye gukina ubwo yakiniraga ku Mumena, Nyuma ajya mu ishuri ry'umupira rya Panthere mu 1989,avamo ajya mu irerero rya [[Rayon sports fc]] ryatozwaga na Nsoro, Kubera Kwiga Ruremesha Emmanuel yerekeje muro [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo]] ariko aza mu myitozo kwa Vigure mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|karere ka Rubavu]], mu 1992 yagiye kuba mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] yerekeza mu ikipe ya Coca-Cola Fc yo mubuyenzi, avamo yerekeza mu ingimbi za Vital'O, Nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] yerekeje muri [[Mukura Victory Sports|Mukura V.S]] .<ref name=":0" /> === Mu gutoza === [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|thumb|Ruremesha yatoje ikipe ya kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda (UR FC)]] Ruremesha Emmanuel ari muri Mukura kuko arinaho yatangiriye akazi ko gutoza kuva muri 2003 yahawwe gutoza abana ndetse anabifatanya no gutoza ikipe ya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza yu Rwanda]] yitwa [[UR Fc|Ur Fc]], nyuma yabaye umutoza mukuru wa Mukura, muri 2007 yerekeje muri Kibuye Fc aho yamenyanye na Ntagwabira Jean Marie bari bavanye mu mahugurwa muri [[Gabon]], yatoje nk'umutoza wungirije wa ATRACO FC, akomereza muri [[Rayon sports fc|Rayo sports fc]], akomereza muri [[La Jeunesse Fc|La jeunesse Fc]] yavuye agaruka muri [[Mukura Victory Sports|Mukura V.S]] muri 2013 avayo ajya muri [[Espoir Fc]], akomeza ajya muri [[Gicumbi Fc]] na [[Enticelles fc|Enticelles Fc]] ayihesha umwanya wa 4, akomeza ajya muri [[Musanze Fc]] aza guhagarikwa yerekeza muri [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|Kiyovv Sports]] yavuymo ajya muri [[Gorilla Fc]] avayo asubira muri Mukura V.S akaba ariyo yatozaga mbere yo kwerekeza muri [[Rwamagana Fc]].<ref name=":0" /> == Ibikombe yatwaye == Ruremesha Emmanuel yatwaye igikombe cya CECAFA yakuye hanze ubwo yari muri ATRACO FC ubwo yari yungirije nyakwigendera Ntagwabira Jean Marie.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] 42pc3d7iaan407qoqox6b0uviv7fn2b Mugiraneza Jean Baptise 0 12946 137243 136341 2026-09-15T13:57:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137243 wikitext text/x-wiki Mugiraneza Jean Baptiste wamenyekanye nka Migi mu kipe y’Igihugu ‘Amavubi’ no mu makipe atandukanye nka La Jeunesse Fc, APR FC, Kiyovu Spotrs, Azam Fc ari mu gahinda gakomeye nyuma yo gupfusha nyina umubyara.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/mugiraneza-jean-baptiste-migi/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] evjyfrxjo3bh0zd48zx4zozpqq47d6y Rwaka Claude 0 12953 137279 136342 2026-09-15T14:19:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137279 wikitext text/x-wiki Rwaka Claude ni umwe mu bakinnyi bazwi mu [[Rwanda]] bakiniye iyi kipe nka [[La Jeunesse Fc]], aho ubu asigaye uri umutoza w'ungirije nka muri [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports fc]], [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|Kiyovu sports]], [[police Fc]] ndetse na [[Mukura Victory Sports|Mukura V.S]] aho hose aba yungirije umutoza mukuru Haringingo Francis Christia ukomoka mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/police-fc-yahagaritse-umutoza-haringingo-n-abamwungirije-kubera-umusaruro-muke</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amafoto-1922/article/ifoto-y-umunsi-willy-onana-na-rwaka-claude-ba-rayon-sports-batunguriwe-muri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922172850/https://www.igihe.com/amafoto-1922/article/ifoto-y-umunsi-willy-onana-na-rwaka-claude-ba-rayon-sports-batunguriwe-muri |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/la-jeunesse-fc-yagarukanye-intego-nshya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921170910/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/la-jeunesse-fc-yagarukanye-intego-nshya |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/police-fc-yahagaritse-umutoza-haringingo-n-abamwungirije-kubera-umusaruro-muke</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] bjx7k35oqlp9j2lbo89ig2qhebccfat Sogonya Hamiss 0 12967 137482 136470 2026-09-15T15:48:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137482 wikitext text/x-wiki Sogonya Hamiss wahirwe Kishi cyangwa Cyishi yatangiye gutoza muri 1995, yatoje amakipe nka [[Espoir Fc]], [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|S.C Kiyovu Sports]], Les Citadins (yitwa ubu [[AS Kigali|A.S Kigali]]), [[Police Fc|Police FC]], Flash FC, Etincelles Fc and [[Amagaju Fc|Amagaju FC]], [[Kirehe Fc|Kirehe FC]], A.S Kigali ya bagore na [[Gorilla Fc|Gorilla FC]] yatwaye igikombe cy'Amahoro ari kumwe na [[AS Kigali|A.S Kigali]] muri 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/214533 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923074633/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/214533 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112420/gorilla-fc-yabonye-umutoza-mushya-ubizobereyemo-imyaka-26-112420.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/06/sogonya-hamiss-arasaba-ferwafa-kongera-amahugurwa-yabatoza-babagore/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923074634/https://umuseke.rw/2022/06/sogonya-hamiss-arasaba-ferwafa-kongera-amahugurwa-yabatoza-babagore/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] mwn6vvxrcx31ar3q3x9x3vr0jtrq770 Igikombe cy’Amahoro 0 12969 137244 136343 2026-09-15T13:57:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sesion de entrenamiento del Mukura VS.jpg|thumb|Mukura imwe mu m'ikipe yatwaye Igikombe cy'amahoro|325x325px]] [[Dosiye:Team éperviers.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] igikombe cy’Amahoro ni igikombe cya Ferwafa.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/hamenyekanye-umubare-w-amakipe-azitabira-igikombe-cy-amahoro</ref> == Ibibanza == igikombe cy’Amahoro ni igikombe gitegurwa n'ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda, [[FERWAFA]], Ikipe yegukanye igikombe cy’Amahoro niyo ihagararira igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]], mu mikino nyafurika ya CAF Confedration Cup. Mu gihe hari ikipe yegukanye igikombe cya shampiyona n’igikombe cy’amahoro ikipe yagarukiye ku mukino wa nyuma w’igikombe cy’amahoro niyo ihagararira igihugu mu mikino ya [[CAF]] Confederation Cup.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20220923081443/http://ferwafa.rw/spip.php?article3051</ref> == Amakipe agikina == igikombe cy’Amahoro gikinwa n'ikipe yose ibishaka yo mu kiciro cya mbere n’amakipe ni yo mu kiciro cya kabiri azwi n[[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|'ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]], [[FERWAFA]].<ref name=":0" /> == Amakipe yacyegukanye == igikombe cy’Amahoro amakipe amaze kugitwa ni nka [[Rayon sports fc|RAYON SPORTS FC]], [[AS Kigali|A.S KIGALI]], [[Mukura Victory Sports|MUKURA V.S]], [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|S.C KIYOVU]], [[APR FC]], [[Police Fc|POLICE FC]] .<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/police-fc-ibaye-ikipe-ya-kane-igeze-muri-1-2-cy-igikombe-cy-amahoro-2022</ref> == Ibihembo == Igikombe cy’Amahoro ikipe igitwaye ihabwa miliyoni 10 z'amafaranga yu Rwanda.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/as-kigali-yasubiriye-apr-fc-yegukana-igikombe-cy-amahoro-2022</ref> == Amakipe yagitwaye == Dore uko amakipe yagiye yegukana igikombe cy’amahoro:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandaises.com/2009/08/atraco-fc-irashyize-itwara-igikombe-cyamahoro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923200824/https://rwandaises.com/2009/08/atraco-fc-irashyize-itwara-igikombe-cyamahoro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> #   1994/95 APR FC #   1996 APR FC #  1997 Rwanda # 1998 Rayon Sports # 1999 APR FC #  2000 APR FC # 2001 Les Citadins(A.S Kigali ubu) #  2002 APR FC # 2003 Rayon Sports #  2004 Nticyabaye #   2005 Rayon Sports #   2006 APR FC #  2007 APR FC #   2008 APR FC #  2009 ATRACO FC == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] [[Ikiciro:Ibikombe]] 454zetus9xsu0r4ebaveqhlq4htlu2u Hategekimana Bonaventure 0 12973 137547 136471 2026-09-15T16:04:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137547 wikitext text/x-wiki Hategekimana Bonaventure wamenyekanye cyane ku izina rya Gangi, yari umwe mu bakinnyi bakinnye mu bwugarizi mu makipe yose akomeye hano mu [[Rwanda]] arimo [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]], [[APR FC|APR Fc]], [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|Kiyovu]], ATRACO Fc,yakinnye kandi no mu yandi makipe arimo Etincelles fc, [[Marine FC Rwanda|Marines fc]], [[Espoir Fc|Espoir fc]],[[A.S muhanga|A.S Muhanga]] ndetse na [[Musanze Fc|Musanze FC]] yashorejemo umupira kubera uburwayi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/ndikumana-hamad-katauti-na-bonaventure-gangi-bitabye-imana</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/hategekimana-bonaventure-gangi-na-we-yitabye-imana</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] 7zuyhzixwk5wziagry4ftw310f9tnyi Muhire Hassan 0 12977 137738 136422 2026-09-15T17:03:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137738 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhire Hassan yatangiye gutoza umupira w'amaguru muri 1998, yatoje amakipe atandukanye nka [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|Kiyovu sports]], [[Etincelles Fc|Enticelles Fc]], [[UR Fc|Ur Fc]], Kist Fc, Gasabo Fc, [[Bugesera Fc]], Miroplast Fc, [[Rugende Fc]] yatoje ikipe y'igihugu y'batarengeje imyaka 20 muri 2007 ubwo yungirije umutoza Roger Parmergren, ni umwe mubatoza bane bagiye bwa mbere mu mahugurwa y'ubutoza mu gihugu cyu [[Ubudage|Budage]] ku mugabane w'i Burayi ari kumwe na [[Seninga Innocent]] utoza [[Sunrise Fc]], [[Habimana Sostene]] na [[Mashami Vincent]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwandamag.com/umunyamakuru-wimikino-ukunzwe-na-benshi-kuri-bb-fm-umwezi-agiye-gukomereza-amasomo-hanze-yu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923090330/https://www.rwandamag.com/umunyamakuru-wimikino-ukunzwe-na-benshi-kuri-bb-fm-umwezi-agiye-gukomereza-amasomo-hanze-yu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/amikoro-yatumye-muhire-hassan-asezera-muri-miroplast-fc-ishobora-gusenyuka</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] 1lnv9n10ozubspt9vcwkzt3qktnwffh Seninga Innocent 0 12982 137245 136386 2026-09-15T13:59:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137245 wikitext text/x-wiki Seninga Innocent ni rimwe mu m'azina azwi kandi akomeye mu batoza muri shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere mu Rwanda, byatunguye benshi ubwo yajyaga gutoza mu cyiciro cya kabiri, yagiye gutoza ikipe ya [[Sunrise Fc]] mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka 2022 w’imikino aho yari avuye mu ikipe ya [[Musanze Fc|Musanze FC]], [[Etincelles Fc]] na [[Police Fc|Police FC]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/coach-innocent-seninga-extends-sunrise-stay-0</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/seninga-innocent-yagarutse-ku-bihe-bigoye-yanyuzemo-mbere-yo-gufata-umwanzuro-wo-kujya-mu-cyiciro-cya-kabiri</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] tg6i7ni5jllejeg722ze064b8ad4y3x Habimana Sostene 0 12984 137246 136344 2026-09-15T13:59:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137246 wikitext text/x-wiki Habimana Sostene ni umutoza mukuru w’ikipe y’igihugu y’abatarengeje imyaka 23, akaba anatoza ikipe y’Igihugu y’abagore mu mupira w’amaguru''.'' akaba Umutoza w’ikipe y’[[Amagaju Fc|Amagaju fc]], uyu mugabo asanzwe ari n'umutoza wungirije Mashami Vincent mu ikipe y’igihugu nkuru, [[Amavubi]] Stars, akaba yaratoje amakipe nka [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports fc]], [[Musanze Fc]], SEC Academy na [[Isonga Fc|Isonga.Fc]], Ubu akaba ari umutozi w'ikipe y'igihugu ya bagore ndetse agiye ''gutoza ikipe ya [[AS Kigali|A.S Kigali]] Women Football Club ibitse ibikombe byinshi bya shampiyona y’abagore.''.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/sosthene-habimana-appointed-u-23-coach</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/04/habimana-sosthene-agiye-kugabirwa-as-kigali-wfc/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923130045/https://umuseke.rw/2022/04/habimana-sosthene-agiye-kugabirwa-as-kigali-wfc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://radiotv10.rw/ferwafa-yemeje-ko-habimana-sosthene-ari-umutoza-mukuru-wamavubi-u23-azakina-cecafa-u-23/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/habimana-sosthene-yagizwe-umutoza-wikipe-yigihugu-yabagore/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923130513/https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/habimana-sosthene-yagizwe-umutoza-wikipe-yigihugu-yabagore/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago]] hxe2mpchohasuh4z2n1pfxml8d12ewc Lomami Marcel 0 12988 137280 136387 2026-09-15T14:19:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137280 wikitext text/x-wiki Lomami Marcel yavutse 26 kamena 1985, yakiniye amakipe atandukanye mu [[Rwanda]] harimo nka [[AS Kigali|A.S Kigali]], [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports fc]], [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|S.C Kiyovu Sports]], mu makipe yatoje harimo [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports fc]], akaba yarazamuye ikipe azikura mu kiciro cya kabiri nkaho mu mwaka wa 2019 yazamuye ikipe ya [[Gasogi United]] ndetse na [[Gorilla Fc|Gorilla FC]] yagejeje mu kiciro cya mbere mu mwaka wa 2020.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ikipe-ya-rayon-sports-yasinyishije-lomami-marcel-nkumutoza-wungirije-ndetse-na-mushimiyimana-watandukanye-na-apr-fc/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.playmakerstats.com/player.php?id=197277 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923140507/https://www.playmakerstats.com/player.php?id=197277 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/lomami-marcel-yavuze-amagambo-akomeye-kuri-youssef-na-ayoub-ngo-ni-we-wabatangiye-raporo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923140508/https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/lomami-marcel-yavuze-amagambo-akomeye-kuri-youssef-na-ayoub-ngo-ni-we-wabatangiye-raporo |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] 4h1xuf2jw7dmxpzxkemmggwa723gvm4 Babou G. 0 13016 137453 118167 2026-09-15T15:15:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Babou G.''' ni umusore w'umunyarwanda wamenyekanye cyane mu biganiro by'imyidagaduro kubera ikiganiro yagiranye n'umunyamakuru Yohani Umubatiza, kigakwirakwizwa mu Rwanda No hanze yarwo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/64794/babou-g-agiye-kungukira-mu-bwamamare-bwe-ikiganiro-na-muhirwa-olivier-wagize-iki-gitekerezo-64794.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == amazina ye Bwite ni NSABIMANA Emmanuel, yavukiye mu karere ka Kayonza aranahakurira, asengera mu idini ya Islam akaba ari ingaragu nta mugore cyangwa umwana afite<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kigalian.com/all/2015/07/heres-everything-we-know-about-babou-g/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924045801/https://www.kigalian.com/all/2015/07/heres-everything-we-know-about-babou-g/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] k9zst00g33iay7t60lreig4g7fai0op The Brothers 0 13033 137686 136701 2026-09-15T16:53:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Brothers''' ni itsinda Nyarwanda ryari rigizwe n'abasore 3 baririmba aribo Danny Vumbi, [[Ziggy 55]] na Victor Fideli uzwi cyane nka Koudu. Ni itsinda batangije muri '''2004''', bakora indirimbo nyinshi mu njyana zitandukanye n'ubuhanga bahambaye bwaherekezaga buri ndirimbo basohoye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2012/08/ibishya-bikugereho-amakuru-yose-mu_60.html?m=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924155023/https://www.urwego.com/2012/08/ibishya-bikugereho-amakuru-yose-mu_60.html?m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> icyakora n'ubwo ryari mu matsinda yigeze kuyobora muri muzika y'u Rwanda ibi ntibyatinze ahubwo ryaje gusenyuka.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83670/ziggy55-yongeye-gukomoza-kukuba-itsinda-rya-the-brothers-rya-83670.html</ref> Nyuma y'uko iri tsinda risenyutse buri wese yatangiye gukora umuziki ku giti cye ndetse bamwe ubu ni abahanzi bazwi. == Amateka == The Brothers ni itsinda ryari rigizwe na Victor Fideli uzwi cyane nka Koudu, Danny Vumbi na Ziggy 55 ryatangiye kuririmba mu mwaka wa 2004 ritangira ari babiri gusa Danny Vumbi na Victor Fidele. Ziggy yaje kwinjiramo mu mwaka wa 2006. Kugirango iri tsinda rivuke umuhanzi Victor Fideli yahuriye na Danny Vumbi muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y'uRwanda]] ishami ry'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]] rizwi nka KIE n'uko yumva aririmba neza biyemeza gutangirana urugendo rw'ubuhanzi. Iri zina baryiyise biturutse ku rugero rubi u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] rwanyuzemo n'uko biyemeza kubaho bitwa The Brothers bisobanura "Abavandimwe". == Ibihembo == Iri tsinda ryatwaye ibihembo bigiye bitandukanye harimo icya Never again 2004, PAM Awards 2006, Salax Awards 2008, Ijoro ry'ukundo Awards 2009 [[East African Christian College|East African]] Music Awards 2011 ni bindi. iri tsinda ryamenyekanye mu ndirimbo zirimo "Ikirori, Nyemerera, Nagutura iki? N'izindi nyishi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924144235/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Indirimbo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] 5j93isuqma0rrunj415qwzppvwv3upy Tour du Rwanda 0 13060 137165 136253 2026-09-15T12:40:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137165 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Amagare mu Rwanda|327x327px]] [[Dosiye:Imusanze Tours.jpg|thumb|Isiganwa ry'amagare]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda 2020.png|thumb|Igare]] Tour du [[Rwanda Tribune|Rwanda]] ryatangiye mu mwaka 1988 mu [[Rwanda]], ni irushanwa riri ni urwego rwa 2.1 mu irushanwa rya UCI Africa Tour, Ifite ibyiciro 8 (étapes) inyuramo, Umwaka ushize (2022), Cristian Rodriguez yatsinze neza icyiciro cya nyuma nicyiciro rusange.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60169164</ref><ref>https://www.eurosport.com/cycling/tour-of-rwanda/2022/calendar-result.shtml</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/bahawe-amagare-mashya-biyemeza-gutwara-tour-du-rwanda</ref> == Isiganwa ry'amagare mu Rwanda == mu [[Rwanda]] ni igihugu kimaze gutera imbere mu mikino myinshi cyane cyane mumagare == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] lpouz2kog40ni7ol1seo6fs0fa450sb Siti True Karigombe 0 13062 137548 88642 2026-09-15T16:04:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137548 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Munyurangabo Steven''' yamenyekanye ku izina rya '''Siti True Karigombe''' akaba umuhanzi nyarwanda,Ni umwe mu banyeshuri barangije ku ishuri rya muzika ku Nyundo yize ibijyanye no kuvuza ingoma (drums) ndetse na rap y’ibyivugo. == Ubuzima Bwite == Umuraperi '''Siti Karigombe''' ukunze kuvanga injyana ya Hip Hop na Gakondo, ni umwe mu batanga icyizere muri iyi njyana wanabishimangiriye mu bitaramo bigiye bitandukanye nka European street fair cyabaye tariki 08 Kamena mu mwaka 2019 kibera muri Car free zone mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/90242/siti-true-karigombe-umuraperi-utanga-icyizere-wanabishimangiriye-mu-gitaramo-european-stre-90242.html</ref>'''Siti True Karigombe''' yagiye aririmba mu bitaramo bya “Iwacu Muzika Festival”,Karigombe uherutse kumurikira isi Album amaze imyaka 5 atunganya nk’uko aheruka kubitangaza, avuga ko yatangiye kuyikoraho mu mwaka wa 2017,yaje gushyigikirwa n’abandi baraperi barimo Fireman, Bull Dogg n’umwami w’ibisumizi Riderman umubereye nk’umubyeyi n’umujyanama mu muziki, kimwe n’abahanzi nka Yvan Mpano na Ben Adolphe.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/121258/ibintu-bikomeje-kuryoha-igitaramo-cya-karigombe-cyo-kumurika-album-kirarimbanije-amafoto-121258.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/120957/karigombe-agiye-kumurika-album-ya-mbere-afata-nko-gusoza-amasomo-120957.html</ref> Ni album avuga ko yiyushye akuya mu kuyikora kuko mu ikorwa ryayo yirwanagaho atagira umujyanama cyangwa ushoramo amafaranga, icyakora ku rundi ruhande ahamya ko byamwigishije byinshi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/karigombe-yiyambaje-abaraperi-bakomeye-mu-gitaramo-cyo-kumurika-album-ye-ya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-26 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926090037/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/karigombe-yiyambaje-abaraperi-bakomeye-mu-gitaramo-cyo-kumurika-album-ye-ya |url-status=dead }}</ref> ‘Ikirombe cya Karigombe’ ni album iriho indirimbo 14 zirimo izo yakoranye n’abahanzi nka; Bull Dogg, Mani Martin, Nema Rehema, Oda Paccy na Irakoze Hope.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ikiganiro-n-umuraperi-karigombe-ukunze-guherekeza-riderman-ku-rubyiniro</ref>Iyi album yakozweho n’aba producers 10 barimo; Trakslayer, Evy, Knox beats, Bob pro, Junior Multisystem, Real Beats, Nexus, Admin Pro, Samu Top Hit, Igor Mabano iriho indirimbo zikozwe mu buryo bw’amashusho eshanu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/karigombe-yiyambaje-abaraperi-bakomeye-mu-gitaramo-cyo-kumurika-album-ye-ya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-26 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926090037/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/karigombe-yiyambaje-abaraperi-bakomeye-mu-gitaramo-cyo-kumurika-album-ye-ya |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Entertainment]] 98r8n9fam94l5mwpmaarem405etu5pe FERWACY 0 13064 137161 136254 2026-09-15T12:39:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda 2020.png|thumb|Amagare mu Rwanda]] Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda ry’amagare mu [[Rwanda]] rizwi nka [[FERWACY]] (Rwanda cycling Federation) niryo rishizwe amagare mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/119190/ishyirahamwe-ryumukino-wamagare-ryatanze-amabwiriza-agenga-abashaka-gutegura-amarushanwa-a-119190.html</ref> Amarushanwa akinwa mu [[Rwanda]] ni nka : * Shampiyona Nyarwanda yo Gusiganwa ku Magare * Irushanwa ryo kwibohora rishobora ku zitwa Liberation Race * [[Dosiye:Kunyonga.jpg|thumb|Amarushanwa y'abana mu magare]]Irushanwa ryo "Kwita izina Race" * [[Dosiye:Kuvoma.jpg|thumb|Igare]]Irushanwa ry’abana batarengeje imyaka 15 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amarushanwa-y-umukino-wo-gusiganwa-ku-magare-mu-rwanda-agiye-kongerwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-26 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926093014/https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amarushanwa-y-umukino-wo-gusiganwa-ku-magare-mu-rwanda-agiye-kongerwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] 2qg1vblqc5qo4gi2cdwa4wqk1so46pq Benediction Excel Energy Club 0 13074 137178 136255 2026-09-15T12:53:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137178 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amasiganwa.jpg|thumb|Benediction Excel Energy Club iri mu mwitozo]] [[Dosiye:Isiganwa.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Benediction Excel Energy Club n’ikipe yo mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]], iri ku rwego rwa [[Afurika]], aho itozwa na [[Sempoma Felix]] yabaye ikipe ya mbere yo mu [[Rwanda]] igiye muri icyo cyiciro izanaseruka muri [[Tour du Rwanda]] 2019, aho yemejwe n’impuzamashyirahamwe y’umukino w’amagare ku isi, UCI.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/benediction-club-aim-high-ahead-tour-du-rwanda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/nsengimana-jean-bosco-ayoboye-benediction-club-izakina-tour-du-rwanda-2019 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-26 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926164733/https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/nsengimana-jean-bosco-ayoboye-benediction-club-izakina-tour-du-rwanda-2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] e0o433qu3gg4pylm69bcyxpzumte0kl Emmalito 0 13075 137772 88554 2026-09-15T17:09:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137772 wikitext text/x-wiki Murenzi Emmanuel uzwi mu itangazamakuru nka Emmalito,Umunyamakuru wa ISIBO TV. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Emmalito''' avuga ko itangazamakuru yarikunze kuva akiri muto arikundishijwe n’umunyamakuru Ellen DeGeneres wo muri [[Amerika]], biba akarusho ubwo yari arangije amashuri yisumbuye mu mwaka 2009.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imyidagaduro/article/inzitane-emmalito-yanyuzemo-mbere-yo-kuba-umunyamakuru-uhamye</ref> Icyo gihe nibwo yatangiye gukora ku giti cye, agaha inkuru ibinyamakuru(freelancer). '''Emmalito''' ntiyakoraga nk’umukozi uhoraho, ahubwo yafashaga abanyamakuru kubaha inkuru zitandukanye kuri radiyo Flash FM, City Radio na Contact Fm, nyuma mu mwaka 2014 nibwo yaje kubona akazi kuri Royal Fm.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/umunyamakuru-emmalito-yinjiye-mu-buhanzi-bw-imideli-yashoyemo-akayabo-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-26 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926170533/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/umunyamakuru-emmalito-yinjiye-mu-buhanzi-bw-imideli-yashoyemo-akayabo-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imyidagaduro/article/inzitane-emmalito-yanyuzemo-mbere-yo-kuba-umunyamakuru-uhamye</ref>Umunyamakuru '''Murenzi Emmanuel''', umaze kumenyekana mu itangazamakuru nka Emmalito na we yinjiye mu ruhando rw’abahanga imideli, aho yatangije inzu iyihanga nyuma yo gutegura ibitaramo byo kuyimurika akarushaho no kuyikunda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/umunyamakuru-emmalito-yinjiye-mu-buhanzi-bw-imideli-yashoyemo-akayabo-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-26 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926170533/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/umunyamakuru-emmalito-yinjiye-mu-buhanzi-bw-imideli-yashoyemo-akayabo-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> Emmalito watangije iyi nzu ya Lito Ris Design, yateguye ibitaramo bitandukanye bikomeye by’imideli by’abandi bantu birimo [[Rwanda]] Cultural Fashion Show mu mwaka 2013, [[Kigali]] Fashion Week mu mwaka 2014. == Ibindi Wamenya == Yabaye igisonga cya mbere cya Rudasumbwa wa Mount [[Kenya]] mu mwaka 2012 azwi cyane mu itangazamakuru ndetse arimazemo imyaka 11. Yakoreye ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye birimo Tv1, Royal Tv na Royal FM ndetse ubu akora ku ISIBO TV mu kiganiro Chapa Chapa akorana na Kety.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/umunyamakuru-emmalito-yinjiye-mu-buhanzi-bw-imideli-yashoyemo-akayabo-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-26 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926170533/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/umunyamakuru-emmalito-yinjiye-mu-buhanzi-bw-imideli-yashoyemo-akayabo-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> tariki 2 Kanama mu mwaka 2022, nibwo Emmalito yambitse impeta umukunzi we Umwali.yavuze ko imyaka itanu ishize ari mu rukundo n’uyu mukobwa.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/119620/umunyamakuru-emmalito-yambitse-impeta-yurukundo-umukunzi-we-utuye-muri-canada-mu-birori-by-119620.html</ref>Umwali asanzwe atuye mu Mujyi wa Ottawa muri [[Canada]]. Emmalito avuga bitari byoroshye gukundana n’umuntu uri kure, ariko byarashoboka hamwe no kwizera. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imyidagaduro]] [[Ikiciro:Entertainment]] rw5gvu15tteu3ijbszzr7h36emw98y4 Sempoma Felix 0 13076 137215 136295 2026-09-15T13:19:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137215 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amasiganwa.jpg|thumb|Ikipe y'amagare Sempoma Atoza|281x281px]] [[Dosiye:Izuba.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Sempoma Felix umutoza w'ikipe yu [[Rwanda]] mu magare, aho yatoje agatwara muri Shampiyona nyafurika ya magare atwara imidari itatu, wamenyekanye cyane mu ikipe ya [[Benediction Excel Energy Club]] y’i [[Rubavu]] atoza ikipe y’igihugu y’u Rwanda ([[Team Rwanda cycling|Team Rwanda]]) yanatoje amarushanwa mpuzamahanga arimo Grand Prix Chantal Biya Ugushyingo 2020, La Tropicale Amisa Bongo 2021 na [[Tour du Rwanda]] 2021.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/sempoma-names-final-teams-tour-du-rwanda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportnewsafrica.com/autres-sports/cyclisme/felix-sempoma-tire-le-bilan-du-rwanda-au-championnat-dafrique-sur-route/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929160002/https://sportnewsafrica.com/autres-sports/cyclisme/felix-sempoma-tire-le-bilan-du-rwanda-au-championnat-dafrique-sur-route/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/amagare-sempoma-felix-yagizwe-umutoza-mukuru-w-agateganyo-wa-team-rwanda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/182186/sports/flix-sempoma-on-building-winning-mentality-in-team-rwanda-cyclists |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929160000/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/182186/sports/flix-sempoma-on-building-winning-mentality-in-team-rwanda-cyclists |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza b'amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] a20nd77909xr077p9kg8sb9c9lgmgbw Platini 0 13078 137585 88631 2026-09-15T16:24:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137585 wikitext text/x-wiki Nemeye Platini umaze kubaka izina mu muziki w’u [[Rwanda]],ni Umuhanzi nyarwanda. == Ubuzima Bwite == '''Platini Nemeye''' yari umukinnyi mwiza ukina ku ruhande rw’iburyo aho yakundaga guca agatsinda n'ibitego, ibyatumye atoranywa mu bana batarengeje imyaka 15 bagombaga kujyanwa muri [[Sweden]] na Roger Palmgren wari umutoza w'ikipe y'[[igihugu]] mu mwaka 2004 nuwa 2006.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88611/platini-wahamije-ko-yigeze-guhamagarwa-mu-ikipe-yigihugu-amavubi-yatangaje-icyamuzinuye-um-88611.html</ref> Platini wacaga kuri karindwi agatsinda ibitego yashimwe bikomeye n'uyu muzungu ndetse aza kugera ku rwego rw'igihugu aviramo ahatoranyijwe abandi bana bakajyanwa muri [[Sweden]] mu myitozo yari yagenewe abana bato bagaragazaga impano hano mu Rwanda ku gitekerezo cya Roger Palmgren wari umutoza w'ikipe y'[[IGIHUGU N'INTORE|igihugu]] Amavubi washakaga kuzamura abana.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88611/platini-wahamije-ko-yigeze-guhamagarwa-mu-ikipe-yigihugu-amavubi-yatangaje-icyamuzinuye-um-88611.html</ref> '''Nemeye Platini''' ukoresha amazina y’ubuhanzi ya Platini P yinjiye mu muziki by’umwuga mu mwaka wa 2009, atangira akorana na mugenzi we TMC nk’itsinda (Dream Boys) baje gutandukana buri umwe agakomeza ukwe.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88611/platini-wahamije-ko-yigeze-guhamagarwa-mu-ikipe-yigihugu-amavubi-yatangaje-icyamuzinuye-um-88611.html</ref> == Ibindi Wamenya == Tariki 06 Werurwe mu mwaka 2021 ni bwo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hasakaye amafoto ya Platini P n'umukunzi we witwa Olivia Ingabire basezeranye imbere y'amategeko mu muhango wabereye mu Murenge wa Remera mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]].Gusezerana kwa Platini P na Olivia byatunguye benshi na cyane ko inkuru y'urukundo rwabo itigeze imenyekana mu itangazamakuru. Ku rundi ruhande ariko ni inkuru yashimishije benshi by'umwihariko abakunzi b'uyu muhanzi n'abanyamuziki batandukanye barimo umuhanzikazi Knowless Butera.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/103612/platini-p-yasezeranye-imbere-yamategeko-numukunzi-we-olivia-amafoto-103612.html</ref> Uyu muhanzi kandi nyuma y’amezi ashize we n’umuryango we bimukiye mu nzu nshya, yubatse ahitwa Mukarumuna. Yavuze ko amafaranga yubakishije iyi nzu yavuye mu muziki.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/117231/platini-yifashishije-miss-cadette-mu-ndirimbo-ibanjirije-umushinga-wa-album-video-117231.html</ref> Kuva mu myaka ibiri ishize, uyu muhanzi yashyize hanze indirimbo zakunzwe zirimo nka ‘Veronika’, ‘Atensiyo’, ‘Ntabirenze’, ‘Helena’ n’izindi nyinshi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/platini-yimukiye-mu-nzu-yujuje-mu-karumuna-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-26 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926181912/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/platini-yimukiye-mu-nzu-yujuje-mu-karumuna-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref>Platini ni umwe mu bafashwa mu muziki na Sosiyete yo muri [[Nijeriya|Nigeriya]] yitwa One Percent Managers, izwi mu kumenyekanisha ibihangano by’abahanzi n’abandi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/platini-yimukiye-mu-nzu-yujuje-mu-karumuna-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-26 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926181912/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/platini-yimukiye-mu-nzu-yujuje-mu-karumuna-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Entertainment]] d2fpmzvgxsgzjn0m512yq7ndowsiw6s Team Rwanda cycling 0 13079 137169 136256 2026-09-15T12:41:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwandan national cycling team (27995653613).jpg|thumb|Ikipe yu Rwanda ya magare]] [[Dosiye:Isiganwa.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Team Rwanda cycling ni Ikipe y'Amagare yu Rwanda yashinzwe mu 2006, Uyu munsi Ikipe y'u [[Rwanda]] igizwe n' abasiganwa ku magare barenga 30 abagabo n'abagore, ubu ibarizwa mw'[[Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda ry’amagare|ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Umukino wo gusiganwa ku Magare]] mu Rwanda (FERWACY).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220926182603/https://www.yambirwanda.org/team-rwanda-cycling</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/194475/Sports/team-rwanda-set-for-africa-cycling-championship</ref><ref>https://teamafricarising.org/</ref> [[Dosiye:Amasiganwa.jpg|thumb|Amasiganwa]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] c5zl5empw7mfg7x0s9hqumbon8g8mv8 Munyaneza Didier 0 13085 137216 136296 2026-09-15T13:20:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137216 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igare.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Munyaneza Didier wiyita Mbappe yavutse 1 ukuboza 1998, umukinnyi w'[[igare]] watangiye gusiganwa ku magare muri 2016 akinira ikipe ya [[Benediction Excel Energy Club|Benediction excel enegy Club]] y’i [[Rubavu]] yegukanye Tour du [[Senegali|Senegal]] yari imaze imyaka 10 yarananiye Abanyafurika, aho yafashe umwambaro w’umuhondo muri iri siganwa kuva ku munsi kuwa mbere w’ isiganwa kugeza azote irushanwa. ni nyuma aho yabaye uwa kabiri mu gace ka mbere ka Tour du Cameroun.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/didier-munyaneza-yahesheje-ishema-u-rwanda-yegukana-tour-du-senegal</ref><ref>https://www.eurosport.com/cycling/didier-munyaneza_prs481701/person.shtml</ref> Munyaneza niwe wegukanye shampiyona y’u [[Rwanda]] yo gusiganwa ku igare umuntu ku giti cye mu Bugesera aho yakoresheje ku ntera ya Km 34 asimbura [[Areruya Joseph]] wari watsinze iyo mu 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ferwacy.rw/?munyaneza-didier-yegukanye-shampiyona-basiganwa-umuntu-ku-giti-cye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707144158/http://www.ferwacy.rw/?munyaneza-didier-yegukanye-shampiyona-basiganwa-umuntu-ku-giti-cye |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yabaye kandi umukinnyi ukiri muto witwaye neza kurusha abandi muri La Tropicale Amissa Bongo.<ref>http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/amarangamutima-y-umukinnyi-munyaneza-didier-nyuma-yo-kwibaruka-umwana</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] c1hwcn2xbo5prxbejqshhh29my7dv4h Les Amis Sportif 0 13094 137167 136258 2026-09-15T12:41:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137167 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda 2020.png|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ikipe yamagare ya Les Amis Sportif]] Les Amis Sportif yi Rwamagana ni ikipe mpuzamahanga mu mukino wo gusiganwa ku magare mu [[Rwanda]], ikaba yarashizwe na [[Rugambwa Jean Baptiste]] wari Perezida wayo akanayibera umutoza, akaba yaritabye Imana azize impanuka yakoze ubwo yavaga mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]] ahasorejwe isiganwa ritegura [[Tour du Rwanda]] 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/rugambwa-jean-baptiste-watozaga-les-amis-sportifs-y-i-rwamagana-yitabye-imana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927163803/https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/rugambwa-jean-baptiste-watozaga-les-amis-sportifs-y-i-rwamagana-yitabye-imana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.procyclingstats.com/team/club-les-amis-sportifs-de-rwamagana-2016/overview</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/umutoza-wa-les-amis-sportifs-yi-rwamagana-rugambwa-jean-baptitse-yitabye-imana/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umutoza w'amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe y'amagare]] b2j0wfic7f7bksf5iilpblwz5mistsu Rugambwa Jean Baptiste 0 13097 137217 136297 2026-09-15T13:20:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137217 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda 2020.png|thumb|Igare]] '''Rugambwa Jean Baptiste''' wari Perezida wa [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportifs y’i Rwamagana]], anayibereye umutoza, yitabye Imana azize impanuka yakoze na [[Moto]] ubwo yavaga mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]] ahasorejwe irushanwa ritegura [[Tour du Rwanda]] 2018, Rugambwa yazamuye abakinnyi benshi mu mukino w'[[igare]] bakomeye barimo Ndayisenga Valens ukina muri Pays Olonne Cycliste Côte de Lumière, [[Areruya Joseph]] ukinira Delko–Marseille Provence KTM yo mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], Mu ugushyingo 2017, [[Muhabwampundu Esther]] wakinaga muri [[Les Amis Sportif]] na we yitabye Imana agonganye n[[Imodoka|’imodoka]] ubwo yari mu mwiherero i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/rugambwa-jean-baptiste-watozaga-les-amis-sportifs-y-i-rwamagana-yitabye-imana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927163803/https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/rugambwa-jean-baptiste-watozaga-les-amis-sportifs-y-i-rwamagana-yitabye-imana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/umutoza-wa-les-amis-sportifs-yi-rwamagana-rugambwa-jean-baptitse-yitabye-imana/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-umukinnyi-wa-les-amis-sportif-y-i-rwamagana-yagonzwe-n-imodoka-yitaba |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927165355/https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-umukinnyi-wa-les-amis-sportif-y-i-rwamagana-yagonzwe-n-imodoka-yitaba |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umutoza w'amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe y'amagare]] kam3ba2smqgloyrz0fp2d2zcr31bwzp Muhabwampundu Esther 0 13099 137281 136389 2026-09-15T14:19:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda 2020.png|thumb|Igare]] Muhabwampundu Esther w’imyaka 21 Umukinnyi w’ikipe yo gusiganwa ku magare ya [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportifs y’i Rwamagana]] wari mu mwiherero i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]], aho yagonze imodoka ari mu myitozo ahita yitaba Imana, wari umaze imyaka ibiri atangiye gukina umukino wo kurushanwa ku magare, yari amaze iminsi mu kigo cya '''[[Africa Rising Cycling Center]]''' kiri i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] mu myitozo ari kumwe na [[Ingabire Beatha]] bakaba biteguraga kuzasohokera igihugu muri Shampiyona ya Afurika yo gusiganwa ku magare izaba mu ntangiriro z’umwaka nk’uko Umutoza wa [[Les Amis Sportif]], [[Rugambwa Jean Baptiste]] yabivuze.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-umukinnyi-wa-les-amis-sportif-y-i-rwamagana-yagonzwe-n-imodoka-yitaba |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927165355/https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-umukinnyi-wa-les-amis-sportif-y-i-rwamagana-yagonzwe-n-imodoka-yitaba |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/rugambwa-jean-baptiste-watozaga-les-amis-sportifs-y-i-rwamagana-yitabye-imana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927163803/https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/rugambwa-jean-baptiste-watozaga-les-amis-sportifs-y-i-rwamagana-yitabye-imana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/sport-2017-ibibuga-byaratashywe-imidari-itaha-i-rwanda-naho-rayon-ipfusha-ibihangange</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} <center></center> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] k6wdacflkpsdu2cg257emmuvrzg7le3 Africa Rising Cycling Center 0 13100 137218 136298 2026-09-15T13:20:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137218 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Africa Rising Cycling Center 02.jpg|thumb|Africa Rising Cycling Center I Musanze]] [[Dosiye:Tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Africa Rising Cycling Center ni urugo rw'amagare rwa [[Team Rwanda cycling|Team Rwanda]] kandi kubera ubwiyongere mu bunini ubu dufite ubushobozi bwo kwakira no guhugura abanyonzi benshi bo mu [[Rwanda]], ubu ibindi bihugu bya [[Afurika]] byohereza abakora imyitozo yo ku rwego rwo hejuru kandi icyi kigo kizaba ihuriro ryi terambere rya magare ny'[[afurika]].<ref>http://www.ferwacy.rw/?-africa-rising-cycling-center-</ref><ref>https://www.airbnb.com/rooms/31834431?source_impression_id=p3_1664298988_BcNKuIZjGOYUPxbi</ref><ref>https://teamafricarising.org/</ref> [[Dosiye:Africa Rising Cycling Center 01.jpeg|thumb|Africa Rising Cycling Center]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Igare (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Ibigo byigishirizamo amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] aqx2lxskd7bqa8gd6bayykgype87a12 Ingabire Beatha 0 13102 137282 136390 2026-09-15T14:19:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2021 WK Vlaanderen 146 Diane Ingabire.jpg|thumb|Ingabire Beatha]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|156x156px|Isiganwa kumagare]] Ingabire Beatha yavutse 27 ukuboza 1995, umaze kuba ubukombe mu bari n’abategarugori muri uyu mukino wo gusiganwa ku [[igare]], aho akinira ikipe [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportifs yi Rwamagana]] aherutse kwegukana shampiyona y’igihugu yo gusiganwa ku magare haba ku gusiganwa ku muntu ku giti cye ndetse no gusiganwa mu muhanda. <ref>https://www.eurosport.fr/cyclisme/beatha-ingabire_prs459491/person.shtml</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/ingabire-beatha-watwaye-shampiyona-y-igihugu-mu-gusiganwa-ku-magare-yarokotse</ref> akaba yarababajwe cyane n'urupfu rw'umutoza we [[Rugambwa Jean Baptiste]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/how-rwamagana-based-cycling-team-coping-after-losing-its-success-mastermind</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/141810/Sports/cyclist-ingabire-turns-focus-to-continental-championships</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=111701 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-08 |archive-date=2023-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230541/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=111701 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/ingabire-beatha-watwaye-shampiyona-y-igihugu-mu-gusiganwa-ku-magare-yarokotse</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] 0fq9s2wfk1bwmy7un2chptboiyyl7t2 Isiganwa Ryo Gukunda Igihugu 0 13104 137219 136299 2026-09-15T13:20:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137219 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Isiganwa kumagare ]] Irushanwa Ryo Gukunda Igihugu ni irushanwa ritegurwa n’ishyirahamwe ry’umukino wo gusiganwa ku magare FERWACY ryiswe iryo Gukunda igihugu niryo siganwa rya mbere ribaye nyuma yaho icyorezo cya Koronavirusi kigeze mu [[Rwanda]] aho ibihembo bya twawe mu bagabo na [[Areruya Joseph]] ukinira [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportif y’i Rwamagana]] ndetse mu kiciro cy’abagore ibihembo byatwawe na Ingabire Diane ikipe ukinira [[Benediction Excel Energy Club|Benediction excel energy Club]].<ref>https://rushyashya.net/areruya-joseph-na-ingabire-diane-begukanye-isiganwa-ryo-gukunda-igihugu-ryazengurukaga-kimihurura-ndetse-na-remera/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/article/areruya-joseph-yegukanye-isiganwa-ryo-gukunda-igihugu-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927161301/https://igihe.com/imikino/article/areruya-joseph-yegukanye-isiganwa-ryo-gukunda-igihugu-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] 15tl2kh7n6qzx0gb1wsogodsioagsr8 Ndayisenga Valense 0 13111 137700 136703 2026-09-15T16:57:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Valens Ndayisenga 2017.jpg|thumb|Ndayisenga Valens|290x290px]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Kusuma bike large.jpg|thumb]] Ndayisenga Valens yavutse 1 mutarama 1994 yavukiye i [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]] aza kwigarurira imitima ya benshi mu [[Rwanda]] kubera ukuntu yatwaye ibikombe byinshi harimo na [[Tour du Rwanda]] ari muri [[Team Rwanda cycling|Team Rwanda]] no muri Dimension Data for Qhubeka yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|afurika y'epho]], agakinira amakipe akomeye yo mu Rwanda ndetse no mumahanga, ubu ari mubuzima busazwe aho atuye muri [[Amerika]], afite agahigo ko kuba ariwe munyarwanda wenyine watwaye [[Tour du Rwanda]] ubwo yari ku rwego rwa 2.2 mu mwaka wa 2014 na 2016, <ref>https://www.eurosport.com/cycling/valens-ndayisenga_prs343771/person.shtml</ref><ref>https://www.procyclingstats.com/rider/valens-ndayisenga</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/bava-kure-ndayisenga-valens-wamamaye-mu-mukino-wamagare-mu-rwanda-yarahindutse-amafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927204115/https://yegob.rw/bava-kure-ndayisenga-valens-wamamaye-mu-mukino-wamagare-mu-rwanda-yarahindutse-amafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/valens-ndayisenga-nta-cyizere-afitiye-abanyarwanda-muri-tour-du-rwanda-2019</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/valens-ndayisenga-ni-we-wegukanye-tour-du-rwanda-2016</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] e3q2q3vwhv92804repsbkfn9b33d3es Byukusenge Patrick 0 13117 137247 136345 2026-09-15T13:59:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137247 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|163x163px|Ikipe ya Yamagare ya Benedigisiyo byukusenge patrick akinira]] [[Dosiye:Isiganwa.jpg|thumb|amagare mu Karere ka Musanze]] [[Dosiye:Imusanze Tours.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Byukusenge Patrick yavutse 1 kamena 1991 umukinnyi w'[[igare]] akaba umusore ukinira ikipe ya '''[[Benediction Ignite|Benediction ignite]]''' niwe wagukanye irushanwa rya Central Race ryatangiriye i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] rigasorerezwa i [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Muhanga]] , yanatwaye Rwanda Cycling Cup , yegukanye kandi amarushanwa 2 ariyo Muhazi Challenge na [[Rubavu]]- [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]], Byukusenge yarangije ku mwanya wa 5 ku rutonde rusange rwa [[Tour du Rwanda]] y’uyu mwaka aho yasizwe iminota 3 n’amasegonda 08 na [[Areruya Joseph]] wayegukanye.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/byukusenge-yatangaje-inzozi-yifuza-gukabya-mu-mukino-wo-gusiganwa-ku-magare</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/byukusenge-patrick-yanikiye-abandi-muri-central-race</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldcyclingstats.com/en/rider/patrick-byukusenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928055551/https://www.worldcyclingstats.com/en/rider/patrick-byukusenge |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.eurosport.com/cycling/patrick-byukusenge_prs418731/person.shtml</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] di6pet1ns1ysx1t67z13cbcysux0i2d Kibugabuga Race 0 13120 137170 136259 2026-09-15T12:42:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo amashakiro agaragare. 137170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igare.jpg|thumb|Mu irushanwa Kibugabuga Race]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|igare]] Kibugabuga Race n'irushanwa ryabaye ku bufatanye bw’[[Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda rya magare|Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Umukino wo gusiganwa ku magare]], Ferwacy, n’[[Akarere ka Bugesera]], rikaba ari irushanwa ngaruka mwaka aho baturuka muri [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] mu mihanda yerekeza mu bugesera, uritwaye akegukana ibihumbi ijana, kushuro yaryo yambere ryatwawe mu bagabo na [[Manizabayo Eric]] uzwi nka [[Manizabayo Eric|Karadiyo]] mu bagore ni [[Tuyishime Jacqueline]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/120188/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-ba-benediction-begukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii-amafot-120188.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-begukanye-kibugabuga-race/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928065220/https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-begukanye-kibugabuga-race/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Intego yirushanwa == Guhuza abakinnyi b’amagare batandukanye mu rwego rwokuzamurira abakinnyi amarushanwa Guteza imbere impano z’abanyarwanda mu gusiganwa ku magare no kuzamura abakiri bato Gutegura abakinnyi ku rwego rwo hejuru bategura amarushanwa mpuzamahanga == Abatsinze Kibugabuga Race Mu myaka itandukanye<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ferwacy-yateguje-irushanwa-rya-kibugabuga-race-rigiye-kuba-ku-nshuro-ya-kabiri-120099</ref> == ==== 2021 (Edition ya mbere) ==== Abagabo (Men Elite): Mugisha Samuel Abagore (Women Elite): Mukashema Josiane Abakiri bato (Juniors): Ndayisenga Valens (mu cyiciro cy’abakiri bato) ==== 2022 (Edition ya kabiri) ==== Abagabo (Men elite) Manizabayo Eric<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/464/sports/cycling/manizabayo-wins-kibugabuga-cycling-race/amp</ref> Abagore (Women Elite): Tuyishime Jacqueline Abakiri bato (Men Juniors): Hakimu Tuyizere Abangavu (Women Juniors): Uwera Aline == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] f62nflp47z3wnmn8lohz2y4443m9jd5 Ingabire Diane 0 13125 137283 136346 2026-09-15T14:19:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2021 WK Vlaanderen 146 Diane Ingabire.jpg|thumb|Ingabire Diane]] '''Ingabire Diane''' yavutse 17 nyakanga 2001 ukinira ikipe ya [[Benediction Excel Energy Club|Benediction excel energy club]] niwe wabaye uwa mbere mu isiganwa ryahagurutse i [[Kigali]] risoreza i [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], akaba yari yatsinze n[[Isiganwa Ryo Gukunda Igihugu|’isiganwa ryo gukunda gihugu]] Ryazengurukaga Kimihurura Ndetse Na Remera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-ingabire-diane-na-niringiyimana-begukanye-isiganwa-rya-kigali-gicumbi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112164004/http://ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-ingabire-diane-na-niringiyimana-begukanye-isiganwa-rya-kigali-gicumbi |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/areruya-joseph-na-ingabire-diane-begukanye-isiganwa-ryo-gukunda-igihugu-ryazengurukaga-kimihurura-ndetse-na-remera/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/cycling-ingabire-manizabayo-dominate-kgl-gicumbi-race</ref><ref>https://firstcycling.com/rider.php?r=114393</ref> Akaba kandi yari mubakinnyi bazahagararira u [[Rwanda]] mu marushanwa ya [[Umukino|siporo]] ahuza ibihugu bivuga ururimi rw’[[Icyongereza]] Icyiciro cy’abasiganwa ku magare mu [[Umugore|bagore]] muri [[Team Rwanda cycling|Team Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/article/abakinnyi-16-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-mu-mikino-ya-commonwealth-2022 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928073911/https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/article/abakinnyi-16-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-mu-mikino-ya-commonwealth-2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Irushanwa == Ingabire Diane ni umukinnyi wa ikipe y'amagare yitwa Canyon / SRAM Generation mu Bagore, aho yegukanye Umunsi wa Mbere w’Isiganwa ry’Amagare ryitiriwe Umunsi wo Kwibohora ryakiniwe mu intara y'amajyepfo rikaza rigasorezwa i Kibeho mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Karere ka Nyaruguru]] kuya tariki ya 2 Nyakanga 2023 ryitwa Nyaruguru Liberation Day Race .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/mugisha-moise-na-ingabire-diane-begukanye-umunsi-wa-mbere-wa-nyaruguru</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] boz2kq67pc3wj1pnr0w14jnudui6byd Mukashema Josiane 0 13127 137284 136347 2026-09-15T14:20:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137284 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Mukashema Josiane yavutse 25 kanama 1997 umukobwa ukina akoresheje [[igare]] Akaba yari mubakinnyi bazahagararira u [[Rwanda]] mu marushanwa ya siporo ahuza ibihugu bivuga ururimi rw’Icyongereza Icyiciro cy’abasiganwa ku magare mu [[Umugore|bagore]] muri [[Team Rwanda cycling|Team Rwanda]], kandi yitabiriye shampiyona y'igihugu y'amagare aho yabaye uwa 3.<ref>https://www.procyclingstats.com/rider/josiane-mukashema</ref> * 2019 uwambere mu bakina basiganwa n'igihe kandi yabaye nuwa kabiri mu irushanwa ryo kumuhanda , * [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]]2021 yatwaye umudali wa siliva mu marushanwa nyafurika y'amagare yogusiganwa n'igihe ari muri [[Team Rwanda cycling|Team Rwanda]] . * 2022 yaye uwa 3 muri shampiyona yo gusiganwa ku muhanda.<ref>https://wikimonde.com/article/Josiane_Mukashema</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/amakipe-ahagarariye-u-rwanda-mu-mikino-ya-commonwealth-yageze-mu-bwongereza</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] aq0xs2d6ib2mpotevd59934admzdk9e Fly Cycling Club 0 13129 137220 136301 2026-09-15T13:20:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137220 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda (cropped).jpg|thumb|168x168px|Ikipe yamagare]] [[Dosiye:Huye - Gicumbi, Stage 3 of TOUR DU RWANDA.jpg|thumb|igare]] [[Dosiye:Amazing Rwanda hills.jpg|thumb|Tour du rwanda]] Fly Cycling Club ni ikipe ibarizwa mu banyamuryango ba Ferwacy, ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Umukino wo gusiganwa ku Magare mu Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ferwacy.rw/?kibugabuga-race-ii-izakinwa-tariki-ya-20-kanama-2022 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004035956/http://www.ferwacy.rw/?kibugabuga-race-ii-izakinwa-tariki-ya-20-kanama-2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe y'amagare]] qxgq46gi46byekqa09g803qgyi178io Muhazi Cycling Generation 0 13132 137248 136348 2026-09-15T13:59:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137248 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda (cropped).jpg|thumb|141x141px|Ikipe yamagare]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|tour du rwanda]] Muhazi Cycling Generation iyi kipe yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010 , imwe mu makipe amenyerewe mu mukino w’amagare aho ibarizwa mu banyamuryango ba FERWACY, [[Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda rya magare|ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Umukino wo gusiganwa ku Magare]] mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ferwacy.rw/?kibugabuga-race-ii-izakinwa-tariki-ya-20-kanama-2022 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004035956/http://www.ferwacy.rw/?kibugabuga-race-ii-izakinwa-tariki-ya-20-kanama-2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> yagiye izamura impano zitandukanye zirimo umukinnyi [[Uhiriwe Byiza Renus]] ndetse nabandi bakinnyi bifuza kuzamuka nkuyu mukinnyi binyuze mukwitoza bashyizeho umwete .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/nyuma-ya-rayon-sports-skol-igiye-kwambika-muhazi-cycling-generation</ref>iyi kipe ikaba izwiho gutwara ibikombe. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] fwecncfmsf3kqzi18fp2ovay7h3dq2r Irushanwa rya Gisaka 0 13138 137249 136349 2026-09-15T13:59:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137249 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imusanze Tours (cropped).jpg|thumb|192x192px|Isiganwa kumagare rya Gisaka ]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda 2020.png|thumb|Amagare]] [[Dosiye:Amazing Rwanda hills.jpg|thumb|Isiganwa kumagare]] Irushanwa rya Gisaka ryatekerejwe hagamijwe kongera amarushanwa yo gusiganwa ku magare yaho no gufasha [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] kwerekana ubwiza nyaburanga, Ferwacy na [[Akarere ka Kirehe|Kirehe]] biteze ko isiganwa rya Gisaka rizakorwa buri mwaka mu rwego rwo kwizihiza umunsi wo gukunda igihugu, Abakinnyi beza bato bazatozwa kugirango bashinge ikipe yumukino wamagare muri Kirehe.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202209240240.html</ref> Amakipe 18yitabiriye iri isiganwa ni : * [[Fly Cycling Club]], * [[Cycling Club For All]], * [[Muhazi Cycling Generation]], * [[Kigali Cycling Club]], * [[Kayonza Young Stars Cycling Team]], * [[Bugesera Cycling Team]], * [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportifs]], * [[Benediction Excel Energy Club|Benediction Club]], * [[Karongi Vision Sports Center]], * Cine Elmay * [[Nyabihu Cycling Team]], * [[Musanze Cycling Club]], * [[Twin Lakes Cycling Academy]], * [[Rukari Cycling Team]] * [[Impesa Cycling Club]] hari nandi amakipe yo ku mugabane w'afurika azwi na UCI nka : * Benediction Ignite, * May Stars and * Protouch.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/1247/sports/cycling/18-teams-to-take-part-in-gisaka-cycling-race</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] gqfnejeb7nfbmkof6r42395qhadpeqa Cine ElMay 0 13144 137285 136393 2026-09-15T14:20:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137285 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena.jpg|thumb|196x196px|Ikipe yamagare muri tour du Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Tour du Rwanda]] Cine ElMay yashinzwe mu myaka 1980 ni ikipe y’amagare yashizwe nu mugabo witwa Emmanuel Mayaka i [[nyamirambo]], ni yo kipe ya mbere y’umukino w’amagare yashinzwe mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse izindi zashinzwe nyuma yayo ziyifatiyeho urugero.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/01/mayaka-nyiri-cine-elmay-mu-biryogo-yitabye-imana/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928133818/https://umuseke.rw/2022/01/mayaka-nyiri-cine-elmay-mu-biryogo-yitabye-imana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.cartogiraffe.com/rwanda/umujyi+wa+kigali/akarere+ka+nyarugenge/cin%C3%A9+elmay+%28kwa+mayaka%29/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] qrrierex20oubvv45r5xniuzrozt9js Musanze Cycling Club 0 13146 137250 136394 2026-09-15T13:59:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137250 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda.jpg|thumb|157x157px|Ikipe ya Amagare]] [[Dosiye:Tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Musanze]] [[Dosiye:Bicycle in Musanze.jpg|thumb|Amagare muri Musanze]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda 2020.png|thumb|Igare]] Musanze Cycling Club ni Ikipe y’Amagare yashinzwe mu Ukwakira 2020 ifite intego yo kubaka ubunyamwuga muri uyu mukino ukunzwe n’abatari bake mu [[Rwanda]] no mu mahanga, iteganya kuzajya itegura amarushanwa y’uyu mukino kugira ngo irusheho gutanga umusanzu mu iterambere ryawo nk’imwe mu ntego yihaye ishingwa, ni imwe mu makipe 14 y’abagabo yitabiriye “[[Irushanwa ryo gukunda Igihugu]]” ryegukanywe na [[Areruya Joseph]] ukinira Benediction Ignite.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/musanze-cycling-club-irateganya-kujya-itegura-amarushanwa-yo-gusiganwa-ku</ref> nimwe mu makipe ibarizwa mu banyamuryango ba Ferwacy, [[Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda rya magare|ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Umukino wo gusiganwa ku Magare]] mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/musanze-cycling-club-irateganya-kujya-itegura-amarushanwa-yo-gusiganwa-ku</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] gjdinbpeb1100b36uhv4riyvrlrisz6 Twin Lakes Cycling Academy 0 13148 137286 136395 2026-09-15T14:20:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|118x118px|Ikipe Y'amagare]] [[Dosiye:Imusanze Tours.jpg|thumb|148x148px|Tour du Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Twin Lakes Cycling Academy ni ikipe ya magare ifite intego yo gushimangira amagare binyuze mumagare mu Rwanda,nimwe mu makipe amenyerewe mu mukino w’amagare aho ibarizwa mu banyamuryango ba Ferwacy, [[Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda rya magare|ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Umukino wo gusiganwa ku Magare]] mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.givingway.com/organization/twin-lakes-cycling-academy |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928150505/https://www.givingway.com/organization/twin-lakes-cycling-academy |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] qn9xu46p14b24v62ls0sy4w70jwavl5 Rukari Cycling Team 0 13149 137251 136350 2026-09-15T13:59:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137251 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:TDT-Unibet Cycling Team - Fyen Rundt 2023.jpg|thumb|172x172px|Ikipe yamagare]] [[Dosiye:Tour_du_Rwanda_2020.png|thumb|umukino w'amagare n'umukino ukunzwe mu Rwanda ]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Rukari Cycling Team imwe mu makipe amenyerewe mu mukino w’amagare aho ibarizwa mu banyamuryango ba Ferwacy, [[Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda rya magare|ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Umukino wo gusiganwa ku Magare]] mu [[Rwanda]], yagiye yitabira amarushanwa nk'[[irushanwa rya Gisaka]].<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202209240240.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Igare (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] ow75tpre5anv1ofl1fajln91dw7e0v2 Habimana Jean Eric 0 13155 137221 136303 2026-09-15T13:20:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|igare]] [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Habimana]] Habimana Jean Eric yavutse 1 mutarama 2001 umukinnyi wa magare ukinira ProTouch yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo]], yegukanye [[Tour de Huye|Tour de huye]] muri 2019, akaba aheruka kwegukanye irushanwa rya mbere rya Rwandan Epic riri ku rwego mpuzamahanga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/karl-platt-na-habimana-jean-eric-begukanye-rwandan-epic-2022-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928193303/https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/karl-platt-na-habimana-jean-eric-begukanye-rwandan-epic-2022-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=139631 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2025-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220140746/https://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=139631 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.eurosport.com/cycling/jean-eric-habimana_prs555692/person.shtml</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89598/huye-ruberwa-jean-damascene-na-habimana-jean-eric-bahaye-urugero-abana-bagaragazaga-impano-89598.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] oqez6cl71gdju2y7dvqbm03dlmwc15c Ruberwa Jean Damascene 0 13156 137222 136304 2026-09-15T13:21:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137222 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ikipe yamagare]] Ruberwa Jean Damascene afite imyaka 22 ni umukinnyi w'igare ukina mu ikipe ya [[Nyabihu Cycling Team]], Ruberwa kandi ari muri [[Benediction Excel Energy Club|Benediction Excel Energy club]] yegukanye agace ka mbere k’Isiganwa rizenguruka [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo]] ryatangiye kuba ku nshuro ya karindwi, kandi yaje gutwara [[Tour de Huye]] 2019 akinira [[Nyabihu Cycling Team]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89598/huye-ruberwa-jean-damascene-na-habimana-jean-eric-bahaye-urugero-abana-bagaragazaga-impano-89598.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/ruberwa-jean-damascene-yegukanye-agace-kabanza-muri-tour-de-la-rdc-yambikwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928195739/https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/ruberwa-jean-damascene-yegukanye-agace-kabanza-muri-tour-de-la-rdc-yambikwa |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-shampiyona-ya-2022 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708072940/http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-shampiyona-ya-2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] stozsk879385s4n3jf65e0qxeevrdh5 Shampiyona y’igihugu y’amagare 0 13172 137223 136305 2026-09-15T13:21:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda 2020.png|thumb|abasiganwa mu mukino]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|amasiganwa mu misozi y'u Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Amasiganwa.jpg|thumb|Tour du rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Ipine.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Shampiyona y’Igihugu y’Amagare 2022 mu [[Rwanda]] ni shampiyona itegurwa n'ishyirahamwe rya magare mu Rwanda [[FERWACY|Ferwacy]], aho riherutse gutwarwa na : 1. [[Manizabayo Eric]] 2. [[Iradukunda Emmanuel]] wa [[Nyabihu Cycling Team]] 3. [[Munyaneza Didier]] wa Protouch 4. [[Muhoza Eric]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/manizabayo-karadiyo-yegukanye-shampiyona-y-igihugu-y-amagare-ya-2022 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928142151/https://igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/manizabayo-karadiyo-yegukanye-shampiyona-y-igihugu-y-amagare-ya-2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] 90meauno1i4qcnfs6yef2i7z45jj1o4 Tour de Huye 0 13175 137224 136306 2026-09-15T13:21:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137224 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Huye - Gicumbi, Stage 3 of TOUR DU RWANDA.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|140x140px|Ikipe yamagare mur tour du Huye]] Tour de Huye ni irishanwa mu mukino wa magare ribera i [[Huye (Akarere)|Huye]], aho abasiganwa bazenguruka inshuro icumi imihanda ya Karubanda bakaza no kuzenguruka umujyi wa Huye inshuro eshanu, aho yatwaye na [[Ruberwa Jean Damascene]] ukina mu ikipe [[Nyabihu Cycling Team]] hamwe na [[Habimana Jean Eric|Habimana jean Eric]] wa [[Fly Cycling Club]] mu cyiciro cy'abakiri bato.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89598/huye-ruberwa-jean-damascene-na-habimana-jean-eric-bahaye-urugero-abana-bagaragazaga-impano-89598.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] ay1fo1iigu1hse9qsa5tq0oski8qjbt Tuyizere Etienne 0 13186 137721 136612 2026-09-15T17:01:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137721 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2024 UCI Road World Championships Zurich Men U23 ITT 11.jpg|thumb|Tuyizere (2024)]] Tuyizere Etienne yavutse 12 kanama 2003, umukinnyi mu mukino w'[[igare]], ubarizwa mu ikipe ya Benediction Ignite akaba yarabaye umwe mu bitabiriye [[Kibugabuga Race|irushanwa rya Kibugabuga race]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004053517/http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akaba yarabaye uwatsinze irushanwa ryingimbi muri Shampiyona nyafurika 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-sports.org/etienne-tuyizere-cycling-spf676991.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140644/https://www.the-sports.org/etienne-tuyizere-cycling-spf676991.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-sports.org/etienne-tuyizere-cycling-spf676991.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140644/https://www.the-sports.org/etienne-tuyizere-cycling-spf676991.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] onws9bfe5mocgy8vsyp316b6a5hccss Benediction Ignite 0 13187 137225 136307 2026-09-15T13:21:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imusanze Tours.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena.jpg|thumb|324x324px|Ikipe ya magare ya Benediction ignit mur tour du rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda 2020.png|thumb|tour du rwanda]] Benediction Ignite n' imwe mu ikipe zikina zikoresheje amagare, ikaba arimwe mu makipe azahatanira irushanwa rikomeye mu gihugu-[[Tour du Rwanda]] nandi marushanwa aba mugihugu no hanze yacyo kuko ari mumakipe yemewe na UCI, bamwe mu bakinnyi ikoresha ni : [[Areruya Joseph]], [[Byukusenge Patrick]], [[Munyaneza Didier]], [[Manizabayo Eric]], Nzafashwanayo Jean Claude, Nkurunziza Ivan na Gahemba Bernabe.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/areruya-starts-new-journey-team-benediction-ignite</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114608/tour-du-rwanda-2022-benediction-ignite-yashyize-hanze-abazayiserukira-batarimo-areruya-jos-114608.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] ql4ycblotpn3s1brsnxrg4g7ut61uku Gahemba Bernabe 0 13192 137287 136398 2026-09-15T14:20:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137287 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Gahemba]] [[Dosiye:Amazing Rwanda hills.jpg|thumb|Tour du rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|Team Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb]] Gahemba Bernabe 7 mata 2001 umukinnyi w'igare akaba umuvandimwe wa [[Areruya Joseph]], akaba ari umwe mubakinnyi [[Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda rya magare|Ishyirahamwe ry’umukino w’amagare]] mu Rwanda, [[FERWACY]] ryagaragaje bazakina [[Tour du Rwanda]] 2021 bari muri ikipe ya [[Team Rwanda cycling|Team Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/abakinnyi-5-bazaba-bagize-team-rwanda-muri-tour-du-rwanda-2021</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/Tour-du-Rwanda-2020-Dore-abakinnyi-batanu-bazahagararira-u-Rwanda-Amafoto</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] colxznams5si5c3wk4nk8f6fco8t184 Nkurunziza Ivan 0 13194 137739 136654 2026-09-15T17:03:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137739 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|191x191px|Ikipe ya Benedigisiyo Nkurunziza Ivan Akinira]] [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Amazing Rwanda hills.jpg|thumb|Tour du Rwanda]] Nkurunziza Ivan umukinnyi mu mukino w'igare, ubarizwa mu ikipe ya [[Benediction Ignite]] akaba yarabaye uwa mbere muri batangiranye niyi kipe mu marushanwa yo ku mugabane w'[[afurika]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/areruya-starts-new-journey-team-benediction-ignite</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] iinsim6k9kjtb98zghwvbovsm19qgev Janvier Katabarwa 0 13251 137799 135869 2026-09-15T18:14:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Janvier KATABARWA]] to [[Janvier Katabarwa]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 135869 wikitext text/x-wiki Ni umunyarwanda wavutse mu Ugushyingo, mu mwaka wa 1986, yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|karere ka Nyamagabe]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y'Amajyepfo]]. Ubu akaba atuye mu gihugu cya Canada. Akaba ari umukinnyi wa filime ubarizwa mu ishyirahamwe ry'abakinnyi ba sinema muri Canada ryitwa ACTRA (''The Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists''). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/uko-katabarwa-akomeje-kuzamura-ibendera-ry-u-rwanda-muri-sinema-ya-amerika |title=Uko Katabarwa akomeje kuzamura ibendera ry’u Rwanda muri sinema ya Amerika |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2022-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930155828/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/uko-katabarwa-akomeje-kuzamura-ibendera-ry-u-rwanda-muri-sinema-ya-amerika |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Filime yakozeho == Aherutse kugaragara muri filme y’imirwano (action) yitwa ''Bullet Proof'' akaba ari umwe mu bakinnyi baza ku Isonga muri iyo film, yakinnye nk'umukinnyi ugaragaza imirwanire muri filime zitandukanye ndetse anagaragara muri filime zitandukanye nk'umukinnyi usimbura abandi bakinnyi ahantu hagoranye (Stunt Man). Filime yakozemo iki gikorwa cyo gusimbura abandi bakinnyi zirimo Peacemaker, Arrow , Superman & Lois , The Flash, Super girl n’izindi.<ref name=":0" /> == Reba Aha == {{Reflist}} sqli1b061lwrd8sfes7ntpilqkwl030 Korari Nayoti 0 13284 137252 136352 2026-09-15T14:00:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NAYOTI.jpg|alt=ifite Abaririmbyi 140|thumb|Korari Nayoti ]] Korari Nayoti yatangiye umurimo w’Imana mu ndirimbo ari Korari y’[[Ishuri|abanyeshuri]] 13 bo ku mudugudu wa Sgeem mu mwaka wa 2001 kugitecyerezo cy'abantu 3.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.agakiza.rw/ADEPR-Korari-Nayoti-rimbanije-imyiteguro-y-igitaramo-bise-Umugoroba-w-amashimwe.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-10-22 |archive-date=2022-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022120104/http://www.agakiza.rw/ADEPR-Korari-Nayoti-rimbanije-imyiteguro-y-igitaramo-bise-Umugoroba-w-amashimwe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aho ibarizwa == Korari Nayoti isanzwe ikorera umurimo w'imana mu [[Itorero ADEPR|itorero rya ADEPR]], Ururembo rw'[[umujyi wa Kigali]], [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], Paruwasi ya Rwampala umudugudu wa Segeem.<ref name=":1">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/59236/korali-naioth-igiye-gususurutsa-abakunzi-bayo-inabamurikira-album-yabo-59236.html</ref> == Uko yatangiye == Korari Nayoti yatangiye kuririmba mu mwaka wa 2001 mu biruhuko by’abanyeshuri, Nyuma y’uko benshi muri bo basoje amasomo yabo, umurimo w’Imana warakomeje bakajya baririmba noneho mu buryo buhoraho, iza no guhabwa izina rya Korari Nayoti ifite ubu tariki 28/5/2008, kuri umubare w’abayigize ni 91 .<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.agakiza.rw/Naioth-Choir-iramurika-alubumu-yayo-kuri-kino-cyumweru.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-10-22 |archive-date=2022-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022120107/https://www.agakiza.rw/Naioth-Choir-iramurika-alubumu-yayo-kuri-kino-cyumweru.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Alubumu == Korari Nayoti yagiye yaguka mu ivugabutumwa ryiza rya kristo hirya no hino mu gihugu, Ubu ifite alubumu imwe y’indirimbo z’amashusho yitwa "IGIHE NI IKI" igizwe n’indirmbo umunani, indirimbo ziri kuri iyi alubumu harimo “'''Hari umunsi'''”, “'''Kwiringira Imana'''”, “'''Igihe ni iki'''” n’izindi, bakaba barimo gutegura indi Alubumu nayo izajya hanze mu gihe cya vuba.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Ibindi bikorwa == Korari Nayoti itegura igitaramo bise '''Umugoroba w’amashimwe''', kandi ikora ibikorwa byo kwitez imbere mu kuzamura abanyamuryango bayo, harimo amatsinda yo kwizigama no kuguriza abaririmbyi nabo hanze ya korari.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} sbiajwtlzuijh3mbeiewsdtv2vrdntj Icyayi cya te veri 0 13306 137226 136308 2026-09-15T13:21:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137226 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Thé vert Matcha.jpg|thumb|Te veri]] '''Thé vert''' soma "te veri" ni amajyane akoreshwa mu kunnya [[icyayi]]. == Itangiriro == te veri ni ubwoko bw’amajyane akoreshwa mu gukora icyayi, cyikaba icyayi cy’icyatsi mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/the-vert/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-09 |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109120101/https://umutihealth.com/the-vert/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Akamaro == * te veri yifitemo ibyitwa polyphenols ikaba igira akamaro ku kuvana imyanda y’uburozi mu mubiri (antioxidants) iba yinjiyemo binyuze mubyo urya. * Yifitemo caffeine itandukanye niyo mu ikawa. * Kunywa te veri bifasha mu kurinda kanseri y’uruhu n’itwikwa ry’imirasire y’izuba mibi. * te veri Kuyinywa bifasha mu kurinda no kurwanya diyabete.<ref name=":1">https://amarebe.com/ibyiza-9-byo-kunywa-icyayi/</ref> == Ingaruka mbi == te veri ubu nta ngaruka mbi zari zerekanwa, gusa hari ibyo kwitondera: * Si byiza kuyinywana n’indi miti * Niba ugira ubwivumbure kuri caffeine, ishobora kugutera kubura ibitotsi, isesemi no kuruka, kwigunga no kwiheba * Niba ufata imiti ibuza amaraso kuvura nka Warfarin (Coumarin) si byiza kuyinywa kuko burya ibamo Vitamin K, ituma amaraso avura.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 7pea3fpbsv6rytorr4cr1crjt8vnpyh Uruganda rw'icyayi rwa Gisovu 0 13308 137253 136353 2026-09-15T14:00:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda Mountain Tea.jpg|thumb|Mountain Tea]] [[Dosiye:Gisovu tea factory.jpg|thumb|Uruganda rw'icyayi rwa Gisovu]] [[Dosiye:Nyungwe National Park.jpg|thumb|nyungwe tea]] Uruganda rw'icyayi rwa Gisovu ni uruganda rukora i''cyayi rukitwa'' uruganda rwa Gisovu, ruherereye mu intara y'iburengerazuba mu [[akarere ka Karongi]] hafi y'ishyamba rya Nyungwe, ni uruganda rwakoze icyayi cyabaye icyambere, n’ ibiciro cyacyo cyiri hejuru ku isoko rya Mombasa kuko bahatanye n'inganda hafi 200 zihanyuza icyayi, ni icyayi  cyaguzwe neza  kuko cyitungura uruganda  gusa  ahubwo ngo  n’ abaturage  bakorana  cyangwa  bashora  icyayi  kuri  urwo  ruganda  babyungukiramo  igiciro kikazamuka  kandi  bakazabona  n’ agahimbazamusyi.<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/icyayi-cya-gisovu-cyazanye-umwanya-wa-mbere-muri-comessa.hmtl</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} hfre87jlc4y2u7rmbxyyeg2q33k4nyr Rugabano Tea Company 0 13310 137254 136400 2026-09-15T14:00:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tea factory and tea plantation.jpg|thumb|Uruganda rw'icyayi]] [[Dosiye:Longjing tea after steeping.jpg|thumb|Icyayi]] Rugabano Tea Company ni uruganda rw'icyayi == Aho ruri == ruherereye mu Karere ka Karongi mu Murenge wa Rugabano, mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'uburengerazuba]] mu akarere ka Karongi, ni uruganda rwatashywe na Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] Perezida wu [[Rwanda]]. == Abo rufasha == rukaba rufasha abahatuye kwiteza imbere binyuze mu buhinzi bwacyo no gukora mu ruganda, ni uru ruganda rufitiye akamaro abatuye Karongi kuko rwahaye akazi abagera ku 2,000 bakora mu mirimo itandukanye, mu gihe rwafashije abahinzi bagera ku 4,000 ndetse abaturage bimuwe ahubatse uruganda bubakiwe umudugudu ugezweho, == Ubushobozi == Uruganda rw’[[icyayi]] rwa Rugabano rufite ubushobozi bwo gutungaya toni 1000 ku mwaka, ndetse rufite gahunda yo kongera 3% ku musaruro rwohereza hanze y’u Rwanda. == Amarushanwa == Uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Rugabano ni urwa gatatu muri aka Karere k’imisozi miremire, rukaba rukurikira izindi nka Gisovu, ruherereye mu Murenge wa Twumba n’urwa Gasenyi rubarizwa mu Murenge wa Gitesi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/karongi-perezida-kagame-arasura-uruganda-rw-icyayi-rwa-rugabano</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} bva87p266qhf2bqav7w1gz21pyuf94m Kitabi tea factory 0 13321 137255 136401 2026-09-15T14:00:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137255 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Glenloch tea factory 14.JPG|thumb|Uruganda rw'icyayi rwa Kitabi]] kitabi tea factory ni uruganda rw'icyayi ruba mu [[akarere ka Nyamagabe]] mu [[intara y'amajyepfo]], rukaba rwarubatse naRwanda Mountain Tea, rukaba rukora ibiro miriyoni 1.7 byicyayi, umuyobozi mukuru wa [[Rwanda Mountain Tea]] yavuzeko uru ruganda rwaguzwe miliyali 2.3 amafaranga y'u [[Rwanda]], hakaba hari izindi nganda zizahabwa abikorera ni nka Mulindi, Gisovu, Mata, Gisakura na Shagasha.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26057/News/amountain-teaa-acquires-governmentas-stake-in-kitabi</ref> [[Dosiye:Kitabi_Tea_Factory.jpg|thumb|Kitabi Tea Factory]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} bzsc6u7pgo8r4scrg0crxhiijcstlby BDF RWANDA 0 13324 137256 136354 2026-09-15T14:00:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137256 wikitext text/x-wiki BDF imaze gutanga miliyari 87 Frw yo guteza imbere imishinga mito n’iciriritse mu rubyiruko.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/bdf-imaze-gutanga-miliyari-87-frw-yo-guteza-imbere-imishinga-mito-n-iciriritse |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-12 |archive-date=2022-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112172236/https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/bdf-imaze-gutanga-miliyari-87-frw-yo-guteza-imbere-imishinga-mito-n-iciriritse |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Itangiriro == BDF yatangijwe mu 2011, aho itanga ingwate ya 50% ku nguzanyo rwiyemezamirimo ufite umushinga uciriritse aba yatse mu kigo cy’imari ariko ikagira umwihariko ku rubyiruko, abagore ndetse n’abafite ubumuga aho bo bahabwa ingwate ya 75% ku nguzanyo baba batse.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jobcenter.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/urubyiruko-rufite-imishinga-y-ubuhinzi-bdf-irufiye-uburyo-bwo-kwiteza-imbere |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-12 |archive-date=2022-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112172237/https://www.jobcenter.rw/amakuru/ubukungu/article/urubyiruko-rufite-imishinga-y-ubuhinzi-bdf-irufiye-uburyo-bwo-kwiteza-imbere |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aho ikorera == BDF Kugeza ubu ikorera mu turere twose tw’igihugu aho ifite amashami 30 mu [[Rwanda]] hose, atangirwamo serivisi zitandukanye zirimo n’izagenewe guteza imbere abagore, abafite imishinga y’ubuhinzi, n’izindi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Abo imaze gufasha == Kuva BDF ishinzwe muri 2011 imaze gufasha abagera ku bihumbi 15, barimo abagore basaga ibihumbi 12, muri rusange BDF ikaba imaze gutanga amafaranga asaga miliyali 80 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.<ref name=":1" /> == IMISHINGA<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/bdf-imaze-gufasha-imishinga-ifite-agaciro-ka-miliyari-87</ref> == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} cxa9l5qamq6seurpkx1yq2auo0as42u Intumwa y'urubyiruko muri afurika yunze ubumwe 0 13327 137757 123220 2026-09-15T17:08:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137757 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg|thumb|Flag of the African Union]] [[Dosiye:African_Union_Headquarters_Addis_Ababa.jpg|thumb|Ikicaro gikuru cya African Union Addis Ababa]] I'''biro by’intumwa y’urubyiruko rw’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Afurika''' byatangije ubushakashatsi bw’urubyiruko kugira ngo byorohereze iterambere ry’urubyiruko rwinjira mu bukangurambaga no guharanira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki igenda itera imbere ndetse n’ibikorwa bigira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere uruhare rw’urubyiruko, kwishora mu bikorwa ndetse n’ubuyobozi hagamijwe gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano y’urubyiruko rw' Afurika yunze ubumwe na Gahunda ya 2063 :<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20220523/au-youth-envoy-launch-survey-promote-youth-inclusion-and-active-participation#:~:text=ABOUT%20AFRICAN%20UNION%20YOUTH%20ENVOY&text=The%20Envoy%20is%20mandated%20to,African%20Union%20decision%2Dmaking%20bodies. |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110094855/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20220523/au-youth-envoy-launch-survey-promote-youth-inclusion-and-active-participation#:~:text=ABOUT%20AFRICAN%20UNION%20YOUTH%20ENVOY&text=The%20Envoy%20is%20mandated%20to,African%20Union%20decision%2Dmaking%20bodies. |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Official_Name_Plaque_of_the_African_Union_Youth_Assembly_-AUYA.png|thumb|Official Name Plaque of the African Union Youth Assembly -AUYA]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} nj4lvhsrjlv2bfupu96xg1ficjukmcp Nyabihu Tea Factory 0 13329 137257 136355 2026-09-15T14:00:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137257 wikitext text/x-wiki ==rukaba ruboneka mu murenge w'a rambura == ===== Heading text ===== ===== [[Dosiye:Tea factory and tea plantation.jpg|thumb|Uruganda rw'icyayi rwa Nyabihu]] Nyabihu Tea Factory ni uruganda ruswa icyayi kiba kivuye mu mirima y'abaturage rukaba ruherereye mu [[akarere ka Nyabihu]] , mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'uburengerazuba]], aho hari imirima y'icyayi igera kuri miliyoni 1,043.54 ya hectare, aho buri mwaka aba baturage basoroma miliyoni 6, icyayi cya Nyabihu ni cyo cyagaragaje u [[Rwanda]] nku rwa mbere ku isoko ry'icyayi cya aho rwa ciye agahigo k'icyayi cyaguzwe menshi ku isoko, ikiro cy'aguze amadorari 6.64.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://taarifa.rw/nyabihu-tea-trades-at-highest-price-ever/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110100137/https://taarifa.rw/nyabihu-tea-trades-at-highest-price-ever/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Lipton-mug-tea.jpg|thumb|Icyayi]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} itbxrkv68xls73ovv4s14ucntnwh07h Urukundo n'ubugambanyi(love and betray) 0 13340 137288 100816 2026-09-15T14:20:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137288 wikitext text/x-wiki urubyiriko rwomuri sierra leone ahanini kuko bamwe muribo ntakazi bafite bibashora murugomo kugirango bagaragazeko bakomeye cyangwa (bakaze) nanone urugomo nubwumvikane buke bugira ingaruka kuterambere nokubucuruzi urukundo nubugambanyi bituma habaho gushira hamwe kubafite ubumwe cyangwa (urukundo) kugirango habeho kurwanya abagambanyi kuko aribo batuma iterambere risubira inyuma nubwumvikane bukaba buke muri politike kuba bahitamo cyangwa batoranya abakozi bica munzira zigoye bidufasha kwegeranya cyangwa gukusanya ibiurmenyetso uhereye imuzi kugirango umenye impamvu urubyiriko kubwimyumvire rufite harubwo rutaruhuka rugakomeza guteza urugomo ukuri nicyizere kubisubizo bidufasha gushiraho ubumwe nokuzamura ibikorwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://library.au.int/love-and-betrayal-political-economy-youth-violence-post-war-sierra-leone-1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110233235/https://library.au.int/love-and-betrayal-political-economy-youth-violence-post-war-sierra-leone-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 8n4dtynb5fx7gqb25amfb80c33zwxdl Mata Tea Factory 0 13342 137258 136356 2026-09-15T14:00:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Glenloch tea factory 13.JPG|thumb|Uruganda rw'icyayi i Mata|312x312px]] [[Dosiye:Munnar Tea Museum - Model Tea Factory - 3.jpg|thumb|Tea factory]] Mata Tea Factory rwatangiye gukora 1981 ni uruganda rw'icyayi ruherereye i Huye, i Murambi, umurenge wa Mata, [[akarere ka Nyaruguru]], [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'Amajyepfo]].<ref>https://opencorporates.com/companies/rw/102080195</ref> Mata Tea Factory Rufite icyayi gihinze ku buso bwa hagitari zisaga 700 naho koperative y’abahinzi iruzanira umusaruro ifite hegitari zisaga 469, iyi koperative COOTHENYA ifite imigabane mu ruganda rwa Mata Tea Company ingana na 10%, Kuri ubu rukoresha abakozi bahoraho 46 n’abandi bakora rimwe na rimwe barenga igihumbi; rufite ubushobozi bwo kwakira toni zirenga 53 z’amababi y’icyayi ku munsi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/nyaruguru-uko-uruganda-rw-icyayi-rwa-mata-rwateje-imbere-abaturage-baruturiye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110113854/https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/nyaruguru-uko-uruganda-rw-icyayi-rwa-mata-rwateje-imbere-abaturage-baruturiye |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} <center></center> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda Mountain Tea]] 02je9yminoy4twycqeroiv5y9o9cteh Uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Rubaya 0 13370 137259 136357 2026-09-15T14:00:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Glenloch tea factory 02.JPG|thumb|Uruganda rw'icyayi rwa Rubaya|264x264px]] Rubaya Tea Factory ni uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Rubaya ruherereye mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu|karere ka Nyabihu]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]].<ref>https://rushyashya.net/abakozi-buruganda-rwicyayi-rwa-rubaya-bahawe-ubumenyi-ku-kwirinda-inkongi-zimiriro/</ref> == Imibare == uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Rubaya mu mibare igaragaza ko kuva mu 1998 umusaruro w’icyayi mu ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Rubaya ruherereye mu murenge wa Muhanda mu karere ka Ngororero wagiye uzamuka ku buryo ubu bageze kuri 20,048,057 kg ku mwaka igihe mu 1980 hasaruwe 157,000kg gusa.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/Rubaya-Kwegurira-uruganda-rw-icyayi-abikorera-ngo-byazamuye-umusaruro</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.volza.com/company-profile/rubaya-nyabihu-tea-company-ltd-kigali-city-nyarugenge-14941449/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-11 |archive-date=2022-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111134706/https://www.volza.com/company-profile/rubaya-nyabihu-tea-company-ltd-kigali-city-nyarugenge-14941449/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kuki umusaruro wiyongereye == [[Dosiye:Munnar Tea Museum - Model Tea Factory - 3.jpg|thumb]] umuyobozi w’uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Rubaya : * Asobanura ko izamuka ry’umusaruro bawukesha ahanini kuba uruganda rwaravuye mu maboko ya leta rukegurirwa umushoramari * Avuga ko byatumye ubuso buhingwaho icyayi bwiyongera, abakozi nabo baba benshi, uruganda ruravugururwa rubona n’imashini zijyanye n’igihe.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.bio-invest.be/en/investments/rubaya-nyabihu-tea-company-ltd</ref> == Intego == Intego uruganda rufite ni kuzamura abaturage bakora mu mirima y’uruganda mu mirenge ya Muhanda, Kabaya, Sovu na Kavumu kuburyo ngo imibereho yabo izakomeza kuzamuka ugereranije n’iyabagenzi babo.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.africaoutlookmag.com/company-profiles/1432-rwanda-mountain-tea</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 4h2tn3u6xbsgc27e65srlbktondea7y Nzeyimana Mico Oscar 0 13376 137260 136358 2026-09-15T14:03:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137260 wikitext text/x-wiki Nzeyimana Mico Oscar amaze imyaka ibiri abyaza umusaruro igihingwa cy’umugano, yemeza ko ibihumbi 15 yatangije, ubu byikubye kuko sosiyete ye nibura ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 50 Frw.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/inzozi-za-nzeyimana-ufite-ubuhanga-bwihariye-mu-kubyaza-umugano-ibikoresho-byo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-13 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630160451/http://www.igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/inzozi-za-nzeyimana-ufite-ubuhanga-bwihariye-mu-kubyaza-umugano-ibikoresho-byo |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ni muntu ki ? == Nzeyimana Mico Oscar ni umusore w’imyaka 24 utuye mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y’Iburengerazuba]], Afite ubuhanga bwihariye mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye byo mu rugo nk’intebe, ibitanda, utugabanyarumuri tw’amatara (Abat jours), amasakoshi n’ibindi abikuye mu gihingwa cy’umugano.<ref name=":0" /> == Uko yatangiye == Nzeyimana Oscar mu kwihangira imirimo ihera mu 2015 ubwo yari asoje amashuri yisumbuye mu by’ubukererarugendo n’amahoteli, akaza kubona ko kugera ku mafaranga bizamugora kuko yabonaga kubona akazi bitazamworohera, mu gihe yakebukaga akabona abarangije kaminuza b’abashomeri kandi barize nk’ibyo yize.<ref name=":0" /> == Umugano == [[Dosiye:Bamboo Forest, Arashiyama, Kyoto, Japan.jpg|thumb|Umugano]] Nzeyimana Oscar yahawe amahugurwa n’abashinwa yayamazemo amezi atandatu, arangije kubona uburyo umugano ubyazwa umusaruro, yiyemeza gukora ibikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa muri hoteli, no m'ubuzima bw'aburimunsi mu ngo z'abantu, Mu 2017 nibwo Nzeyimana yatangije ibihumbi 15, maze ashinga sosiyete ayita [[Mon Bamboo Company]].<ref name=":0" /> == Amarushanwa == Nzeyimana Oscar mu mwaka wa 2018, yitabiriye amarushwa y’urubyiruko rwihangiye umurimo azwi nka Youth Connect. Umushinga we ni umwe mu yatsinze ku rwego rw’Intara y’Iburengerazuba, wongera no kuza mu mishinga itanu ya mbere ku rwego rw’igihugu, amafaranga yakuye muri ayo marushanwa, yayashoye muri sosiyete ye ngo ikomeze kwaguka.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] 68ahg1nxorrj9m9gpucsg0au54e1ipe Mon Bamboo Company 0 13377 137289 136403 2026-09-15T14:20:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137289 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Intebe ikozwe mu migano.jpg|thumb|Intebe ikoze mu mugano]] Mon Bamboo Company ni campani nya [[Rwanda]] yashizwe nuwitwa [[Nzeyimana Mico Oscar]] ikora ibikoresho bitandukanye byo mu rugo no muri hoteli nk’intebe, ibitanda, utugabanyarumuri tw’amatara (Abat jours), amasakoshi n’ibindi abikuye mu gihingwa cy’umugano.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/inzozi-za-nzeyimana-ufite-ubuhanga-bwihariye-mu-kubyaza-umugano-ibikoresho-byo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-13 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630160451/http://www.igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/inzozi-za-nzeyimana-ufite-ubuhanga-bwihariye-mu-kubyaza-umugano-ibikoresho-byo |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] hodbipxjk8mk27m8gifm00tzcfthshr Youthconnekt Africa Summit 0 13378 137290 136404 2026-09-15T14:20:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137290 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:YouthConnekt Africa Summit (19-21 July 2017) (40688528865).jpg|thumb|YouthConnekt Africa Summit]] [[Dosiye:YouthConnekt Africa Summit (19-21 July 2017) (40688530265).jpg|thumb|Youth connekt]] Youth connekt Africa Summit Inama mpuzamahanga y'urubyiruko ibera my [[Rwanda]], mu ntego z’iyi nama mpuzamahanga harimo kuganira ku buryo urubyiruko rugera kuri miliyoni 226 rwarushaho kwihangira imirimo mu buhinzi, Ikoranabuhanga, ubukerarugendo no kurukangurira kubyaza umusaruro impano zarwo, ndetse no kurushishikariza kugira uruhare mu guteza imbere umugabane wa Afurika.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Ku-nshuro-ya-Mbere-Youthconnekt-Africa-Summit-igiye-kubera-hanze-yu-Rwanda</ref> [[Dosiye:YouthConnekt Africa Summit (19-21 July 2017) (40688524795).jpg|thumb|Youthconnekt Africa Summit]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] h3f94d1gnzyi6vv3ktet726hxa53y8d Ndayisaba Fabrice 0 13381 137261 136405 2026-09-15T14:03:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137261 wikitext text/x-wiki Ndayisaba Fabrice akaba ashimira se umubyara Gakwaya Jean Pierre uba muri [[Canada]] wamushyigikiye ku gitekerezo yagize cyogushinga umuryango wa Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation (NFF [[Rwanda]]), NFF ni umuryango washinzwe nyuma y’uko muri 2006 Ndayisaba Fabrice yahuye n’umunya Cameroun, Samuel Eto’o Fils wakinaga ruhago akamugezaho igitekerezo cye akamufasha, ubu uyu muryango ufite ibiro muri [[IPRC Kigali|IPRC ya Kigali]], intego nk’urubyiruko tugomba gukunda igihugu cyacu kandi tukagikorera, Gahunda iriho ni ugukomeza gufasha abana bari mu kaga no gukomeza kuba hafi abagizweho ingaruka na [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|genoside]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/nff-rwanda-yatangije-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka-ibibondo-n-abana-bishwe-muri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804164753/https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/nff-rwanda-yatangije-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka-ibibondo-n-abana-bishwe-muri |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/kwibuka/umuryango-ndayisaba-fabrice-foundation-wavuze-impamvu-ibikorwa-byo-kwibuka-bizanyuzwa-mu-ishuri-ryawo-ry-incuke</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/75668/Sports/ibuka-official-commends-aetoaoa-foundation</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/79778/kirehe-ndayisaba-fabrice-eto-o-yasangiye-ubunani-n-umwana-w-79778.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Iprc_kigali.jpg|thumb|Iprc kigali]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 3e1c4g4w66z2sczcguiyg8rmce0q9vw SBW Berlin 0 13407 137549 133211 2026-09-15T16:04:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137549 wikitext text/x-wiki SBW Berlin dushyigikiye urubyiruko rufite impano ziturutse hanze ziyemeje kubana mubikorwa byubwitange mubihugu byabo, Twizera cyane ko uburezi ari urufunguzo rwo kuzamura imibereho mu bihugu bikennye ku isi, Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu rwego rw’ubufatanye n’indi miryango idaharanira inyungu, dutanga buruse ku rubyiruko mpuzamahanga rwiyemeje gukora impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza cyangwa kwimenyereza umwuga i [[Berlin]] .<ref>https://amarebe.com/sbw-berlin-scholarship-2022-2023-deadline-31-dec-2022/</ref><ref>https://greatyop.com/sbw-berlin-scholarships/</ref><ref>https://www.truescho.com/en/scholarships/670-SBW-Berlin-Scholarship-to-Study-in-Germany-2022-202</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] o7rfvchp0yi7b72adfbua6q1zksdzwg Rwanda Biomedical Centre 0 13408 137586 111643 2026-09-15T16:24:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137586 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:20201021 Biomedical Centre BMC (50558287113).jpg|thumb|169x169px|Biomedical centre]] [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 095 - An office with beautiful parquet - Kigali.jpg|thumb|Imwe muri office zo muri Rwanda Biomedical Center|162x162px]] Rwanda Biomedical Centre cyangwa RBC yashinzwe mu 2011, ni ikigo gikuru gishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa ubuzima mu Rwanda, RBC ikora ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi, itanga serivisi zo gusuzuma, kandi ishyira mu bikorwa ingamba zita ku buzima mu rwego rwo kurinda igihugu indwara n’izindi ngaruka z’ubuzima.<ref>https://www.rbc.gov.rw/index.php?id=629</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221119083734/https://africaopendata.org/organization/about/rwanda-biomedical-center</ref> [[Dosiye:Noncommunicable Disease Training in Rwanda (37088123285).jpg|thumb|amahugurwa yindwara zitandura|152x152px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima bwumuturage]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima Bwabana]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] i4t0lwbyf2r0se3hwsuag0qa4q9ww4c Ibitaro bya ADEPR Nyamata 0 13419 137262 133362 2026-09-15T14:03:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137262 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ADEPR Nyamata District Hospital.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro bya ADEPR Nyamata]] [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro]] Ibitaro bya Nyamata ni ibitaro byo ku rwego rwa kabiri byigisha, biherereye mu murenge wa Nyamata mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'Uburasirazuba]] bikaba byaratangiye gukora muri Werurwe 2002, bikaba ari umutungo w'idini rya ADEPR, gusa bikaba bigenzurwa na ADEPR ndetse na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda. Ibi bitaro biganwa n’abarwayi barenga ibihumbi 400, aho 80% ari abaturage b'akarere ka Bugesera naho 20% bakaba ari abo m'uturere twegeranye na Bugesera, bikaba bifite abaganga 5 b'inzobere, 22 bavura indwara zisanzwe, ababyaza bagera kuri 13.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ibitaro-bya-nyamata-bivugwamo-kutagira-amazi-meya-ati-amazi-se-abura-ate-mu-bitaro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2022-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120144840/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ibitaro-bya-nyamata-bivugwamo-kutagira-amazi-meya-ati-amazi-se-abura-ate-mu-bitaro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://nyamatahospital.prod.risa.rw/about-us/nyamata-dh Nyamata DH]</ref> Mu gikorwa cya Army week inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi z’[[Ibitaro bya Gisirikare by'u Rwanda|ibitaro bya gisirikare kanombe]] nazo zaje gutanga umusanzu mukuvura aha kubitaro bugesera, kubera izuba n'ubushyuhe amazi yakunze kubura gusa ibi bitaro byo byabaga bifite amazi ahagije.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibitaro-bya-bugesera-biratabaza-ku-bw-abaganga-14-batabasha-kwita-ku-bihumbi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2019-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813191939/http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibitaro-bya-bugesera-biratabaza-ku-bw-abaganga-14-batabasha-kwita-ku-bihumbi |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.flickr.com/photos/98287631@N05/10134610735/</ref> [[Dosiye:BugeseraDist.png|center|thumb|Aho ibitaro bya ADEPR Nyamata biherereye]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] 8dehccjto27ayv6mpee1o0ci9pyedpy Ibitaro bya Mugonero 0 13426 137687 109300 2026-09-15T16:53:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137687 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro]] Ibitaro bya Mugonero biherereye mu kagari ka Ngoma umurenge wa Gishyita [[akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]], bikaba ari ibitaro bishingiye ku itorero ry’Abadiventisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi, aho baherutse guhabwa amahugurwa n'imikoreshereze ku bitera inkongi z'umuriro, uko bazirinda ndetse nuko bazizimya mugihe zibaye.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/iyobokamana/article/itorero-ry-abadiventisiti-mu-rwanda-rytangiye-umwaka-w-ijana-na-rimwe-w-urundi-rugendo</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Abakozi-b-ibitaro-bya-Mugonero-bigishijwe-kwirinda-inkongi-z-039-imiriro</ref> [[Dosiye:Adventist Symbol.svg|left|thumb|Ibitaro bya mugonero bishingiye ku torero ry'abadivantiste b'umunsi wa karindwi]] [[Dosiye:KarongiDist.png|center|thumb|Aho ibitaro bya mugonero biherereye]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] l1ee760pwiyd0tp118o9d9nvowin8j7 Ibitaro bya gihundwe 0 13431 137513 110005 2026-09-15T15:52:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137513 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro bya Gihundwe beds]] [[Dosiye:Hospital.png|thumb|Ibitaro]] Ibitaro bya Gihundwe biri mu mudugudu wa Murambi mu kagari ka Gihundwe mu murenge wa Kamembe mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Karere ka Rusizi]] mu n[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|tara y'iburengerazuba]], barinubira ko ibitaro ntibiri kubaha amafaranga yabo y’agahimbaza musyi mu gihe ngo bamwe muri bagenzi babo bayahabwa kandi ngo bakora akazi kamwe, Abakozi basaba guhabwa amafaranga yabo y’agahimbazamusyi babarirwa mu 130, umwe mu ba hakora ufite amashuri y’icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza avuga ko ubundi agomba ibihumbi 60 by’agahimbazamusyi buri kwezi ariko akaba amaze amezi 17 atayahabwa.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Rusizi-Barishyuza-Ibitaro-bya-Gihundwe-amafaranga-y-agahimbazamusyi-agera-muri</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/yishwe-n-amashanyarazi-ari-ku-ruzitiro-rw-ibitaro-bya-gihundwe</ref> [[Dosiye:RusiziDist.png|center|thumb|Aho ibitaro bya Gihundwe biherereye]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] qvct8d2obgfnsy4gdu4tbzchknr5sjn Ibitaro bya Nemba 0 13434 137758 109310 2026-09-15T17:08:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137758 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro bya Nemba]] [[Dosiye:A@a Limassol General Hospital Cyprus - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro]] ibitaro bya Nemba biherereye mu [[Akarere ka Gakenke|Karere ka Gakenke]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|ntara y'iburengerazuba]], abaganaga bakora kuri ibi bitaro, barasaba kwishyurwa imishahara y’amezi abiri bamaze badahebwa, kuva amafaranga y’agahimbazamutsi yagabanuka ibitaro bya Nemba bimaze kubura abaganga barindwi n’abaforomo barenga bane, bose bagenda bavuga ko batishimiye iryo gabanuka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/Basaba-ko-ibitaro-bya-Nemba-byabishyura-ibirarane-by-amezi-abiri</ref> [[Dosiye:GakenkeDist.png|center|thumb|Aho ibitaro bya Nemba biherereye]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] e4xiu1yo52posezwjstjg3xmyre00e1 Ibirwa 0 13436 137263 136406 2026-09-15T14:03:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137263 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Island in Iceland.jpg|thumb|Ikirwa|175x175px]] [[Dosiye:Island in Lake Kivu - Near Kibuye (Karongi) - Rwanda (8978865597).jpg|thumb|nkombo]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Folklore and Science Meet at Tiwi.jpeg|thumb|Ikirwa|179x179px]] Ubucucike mpuzandengo bw’abaturage mu 2002 wari 321 kuri km2 (INSR na ORC Macro 2006) naho umubare mpuzandengo ku buso bw’ubutaka bushobora guhingwa) wari urenze abantu 500 ku km2.<ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/article/minisitiri-dr-biruta-yakiriwe-na-perezida-w-ibirwa-bya-comores</ref> [[Dosiye:Bled Island 07.jpg|thumb|Ikirwa cyo mu RWANDA|175x175px]] == Ibirwa mu Rwanda == Imiterere y’u Rwanda irangwa n’ibibaya, ibirwa n’imisozi bifite ubutumburuke mpuzandengo bwa metero1700. Agasongero gatumburutse kurusha ak’iyindi misozi ni aka Karisimbi gafite metero 4507 z'ubutumburuke. U Rwanda rufite imisozi ikomoka ku birunga mu nkengero z’amajyaruguru no mu ruhererekane rw’imisozi ahenshi mu gitwa cyo hagati. Nyamara, uruhande rw’uburasirazuba bw’igihugu rurarambaraye bihagije ku buryo rufite ubutumburuke mu nsi cyane ya metero1500. Ubutaka buri hasi mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba mu kibaya cya Bugarama ku butumburuke bwa metero 900m bubangikanye n’igisate mu butaka bw’ikibaya cya Rift.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://mail.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/bimwe-mu-birwa-bitatse-ibyiza-nyaburanga-mu-kiyaga-cya-kivu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-19 |archive-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219071200/https://mail.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/bimwe-mu-birwa-bitatse-ibyiza-nyaburanga-mu-kiyaga-cya-kivu |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Ile Saint-Joseph from Ile Royale.jpg|thumb|Ku nkombo|180x180px]] === Ikirwa cya Nkombo === Nkombo ni cyo kirwa kinini mu kiyaga cya Kivu kuko gifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 29,7 harimo 22,7 km2 z’ubutaka na 7 km2 z’amazi, uyu akaba ari umurenge wose uri mu Karere ka Rusizi.<ref name=":0" /> Iki kirwa gituwe n’abaturage bakabakaba ibihumbi 18, gikurura abatari bake bashaka kujya kureba ukuntu abantu batuye hagati mu mazi ndetse bakururwa n’imico yaho itandukanye n’isanzwe irimo nk’ururimi rw’Amashi rwumvwa n’abaho gusa ndetse n’imbyino zabo zizwi nko gusama.<ref name=":0" /> Abaturage baho benshi batunzwe no kuroba n’ubundi bucuruzi butandukanye bakorera muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Ba mukerarugendo barahakunda kuko ubuzima bwaho butandukanye n’ubw’ahandi mu gihugu. Iki kirwa nta terambere ryaharangwaga mu myaka yashize ariko muri iyi myaka ryarahageze kuko haboneka ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye nk’umuriro, amazi meza, amashuri, ivuriro ndetse na hoteli. mu kiyaga cya Kivu harimo ibirwa nka : [[Dosiye:Ile Bonaventure - 001.jpg|thumb|IKIRWA CYA GIHAYA|170x170px]] === Ikirwa cya Gihaya === Gihaya na ho ni mu Karere ka Rusizi ndetse ni hafi na Nkombo ariko ho ni hato. Ni ikirwa ba mukerarugendo bakunda kujya gusura bashaka kurira imisozi ndetse no gutembera mu bwato. Ubuzima bwaho ni nk’ubwo ku Nkombo.<ref name=":0" /> === Akarwa k’Abakobwa === Aka ni akarwa kari mu Karere ka Nyamasheke gafite amateka akomeye mu Rwanda, kera bajyaga ku kajugunyaho abakobwa babaga baratwaye inda z’indaro ngo badateza ishyano ku musozi. Abantu baturutse imihanda yose biganjemo igitsina gore bajya kuhasura bagira ngo barusheho kumenya amakuru y’uko byagendaga ku bakobwa bahajugunywaga.<ref name=":0" /> === Ikirwa cya Nyamunini === Nyamunini izwi cyane nka Napoleon Island, ni ikirwa kiri mu kiyaga cya Kivu ku ruhande rwa Karongi. Iki ni kimwe mu birwa bikurura ba mukarerugendo bitewe n’ubwoko bw’inyoni butandukanye buhari ndetse n’imbuto zihari.<ref name=":0" /> === Ikirwa cy’Amahoro === [[Dosiye:20090620 Spinalogka Elounta panoramic view from the mountain.jpg|thumb|188x188px|Ikirwa]] Amahoro na cyo kiri ku ruhande rwa Karongi, nk’uko cyitwa amahoro koko ngo gitemberwa n’abantu babuze amahoro muri bo kandi ngo bahageze bakabona amazi agikikije n’amajwi y’inyoni ziririmba bakumva buzuye amahoro muri bo. === Ikirwa cya Nyakarwa === Nyakarwa ni ikirwa giherereye mu Karere ka Karongi cyizwiho kugira inyoni zitandukanye. Uwahegeze nta yandi majwi aba yumva usibye urusobe rw’amajwi atandukanye y’inyoni.<ref name=":0" /> === Ikirwa cya Mpembe === Mpembe na yo iherereye muri Karongi akaba ari icyirwa kigengwa n’umuntu ku giti cye, aho yashyizeho ahantu hangana n’ibilometero bine abantu bagenda n’amaguru. Gikurura benshi kuko kibafasha kuruhuka mu buryo bwihariye. Si ibi birwa gusa biri muri iki kiyaga kuko muri 2012, Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA),cyatangaje ko mu kiyaga cya Kivu habarizwamo ibirwa 250. Muri byo, 56 biri ku rahande rw’u Rwanda. Ibi twavuzeho ni ibyo ba mukerarugendo bakunze muri gusura muri iki gihe.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> === Ibirwa bya Maurice === Ibirwa bya Maurice bwa mbere bigiye kohereza icyogajuru mu isanzure, cyitezweho gutanga amakuru azajya yifashishwa mu gukumira ibiza.Iki cyogajuru kiroherezwa mu ijoro ryo kuri uyu wa Kane, gihagurukire mu Kigo cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyitwa Kennedy Space Center giherereye muri Florida. Icyo cyogajuru nikigera mu isanzure, kizatangira kuzenguruka Isi, cyohereze amakuru mu kigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi no guhanga udushya muri Maurice.<ref>https://igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/ibirwa-bya-maurice-bigiye-kohereza-icyogajuru-cya-mbere-mu-isanzure</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/perezida-kagame-yagiranye-ibiganiro-na-minisitiri-w-intebe-w-ibirwa-bya-maurice</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ubucuruzi-bwu-rwanda-mu-bushinwa-bwatitije-ibirwa-bya-maurice/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-19 |archive-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219071203/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ubucuruzi-bwu-rwanda-mu-bushinwa-bwatitije-ibirwa-bya-maurice/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibirwa bya Comores === Ibirwa bya Comores.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/article/minisitiri-dr-biruta-yakiriwe-na-perezida-w-ibirwa-bya-comores</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imisozi]] [[Ikiciro:Imisozi y’u Rwanda]] j5cwuo4j2y6f4twz0f7lyaqy7qbf6yc Scovia Mutesi 0 13456 137809 129318 2026-09-15T18:17:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Mutesi scovia]] to [[Scovia Mutesi]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 129318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutesi Scovia''' yavukiye mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1986, ubu akaba atuye mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Afite impamyabumenyi y’amashuri yisumbuye mu ishami ra ’'''Human Science''' <ref name=":0">https://www.iwmf.org/community/scovia-umutesi/</ref> == Ibyo Akora == Scovia Mutesi akora umwuga w’itangazamakuru kandi ni '''Umuyobozi Mukuru (Managing Director)''' w’urubuga rw’amakuru '''Mama Urwagasabo Media''', ruboneka kuri ''mamaurwagasabo.rw''. Uru rubuga rwibanda cyane ku nkuru zijyanye n’'''uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hagati y’abagore n’abagabo''', by’umwihariko ku bibazo by’'''imirimo yo mu rugo idahabwa agaciro cyangwa igihembo (unpaid care work)'''. Afite intego yo kuba impuguke mu gutangaza inkuru zirebana n’ibibazo by’uburinganire, ndetse no gushinga ikigo cy’itangazamakuru gikomeye kizwiho gutanga amakuru '''yizewe, yuzuye kandi agira uruhare mu guteza imbere uburinganire'''.<ref name=":0" /> Umunyamakuru Mutesi Scovia yatowe nk’Umuyobozi w’Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda ('''Rwanda Media Commission – RMC'''). Aya matora yabaye ku mugoroba wo ku wa Gatanu, tariki ya 15 Ugushyingo, yitabiriwe n’abanyamakuru bafite uburenganzira bwo gutora mu RMC <ref name=":1">https://rwandainspirer.com/mutesi-scovia-elected-as-chairperson-of-the-rwanda-media-commission/</ref> == Ibyo Yavuze == "Nzarwanira ko abanyamakuru bakore '''mu bwisanzure no mu buryo bw’umwuga'''."<ref name=":1" /> == Amashuri Yize == Mutesi Scovia yArangije amaShuri yisumbuye mu ishami rya Human Resource (Gucunga Abakozi)<ref name=":0" /> == Ubukangurambaga == Umunyamakuru w’Umunyarwanda wageze ku ntera ishimishije abikesheje kwihangana no guhanga udushya, yitabiriye inama ya '''National Umushyikirano Council ya 20''' agaragaza ibibazo by’ubukungu abanyamakuru bahura na byo, anasaba ko itangazamakuru ryahabwa agaciro nk’umwuga n’igikorwa cy’ubukungu gifite uruhare mu iterambere<ref>https://umunota.com/en/journalist-scovia-mutesi-highlights-financial-realities-facing-rwandas-media-at-umushyikirano/</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> 8z88kphl2utmlho4gx0vc9p9uhsoa17 Ibiganiro:Scovia Mutesi 1 13457 137811 89711 2026-09-15T18:17:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Ibiganiro:Mutesi scovia]] to [[Ibiganiro:Scovia Mutesi]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 89711 wikitext text/x-wiki == More content == ...from the web, [https://www.iwmf.org/community/scovia-umutesi/ her profile] on the [[:d:Q2095453|International Women's Media Foundation]]. The Wikipedia page name format is Firstname Surname (both start with a capital letter). Which is correct? * Scovia Mutesi * Mutesi Scovia ''-- [[User:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[User talk:Deborahjay|talk]])'' 16:07, 11 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC) qo7kntvy0a8ylwnx0irwxcqlz7miyk4 Amabuye y'agaciro 0 13632 137688 136616 2026-09-15T16:53:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137688 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pre-grinding before washing (27609909231).jpg|thumb|gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro|169x169px]] == Itangiriro == [[Dosiye:Roasted Cripple Creek gold ore.jpg|thumb|Ibuye rya Zahabu|136x136px]] [[Dosiye:At the washing station (27072016334).jpg|thumb|194x194px|Amabuye yagaciro]] [[Amabuye y'agaciro]] ni amabuye acukurwa mu butaka, munda y[[isi]].<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/60-byamabuye-yagaciro-acukurwa-mu-Rwanda-arangirika</ref> == Amabuye aboneka mu Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Gold-295938.jpg|thumb|Gold|127x127px]] Amabuye y'agaciro agaciro acukurwa mu Rwanda asigaye atandukanye aboneka mu [[Rwanda]] murayo harimo arimo gasegereti, coltan, korombo tatarite, tungsten ndetse na Zahabu.<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/mu-mezi-icyenda-ubucukuzi-bw-amabuye-y-agaciro-bwinjirije-u-rwanda-arenga</ref><ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/arenga-miliyari-1-4-yasaruwe-mu-mabuye-y-agaciro-u-rwanda-rwagurishije-mu</ref> == Inganda == Mu Rwanda haboneka Amabuye y'agaciro ndetse rufite inganda zitunganya amabuye y'agaciro nka zahabu, uruganda rutunganya amabuye ya gaciro ya gasegereti ndetse hari nuruganda rutunganya colombo tatarite,coltan.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Umusaruro == umusaro uboneka mu mabuye y'agaciro ni nka gasegereti yinjiza miliyoni 37$, Zahabu yinjirije igihugu miliyoni 276,2$ yagurishijwe mu mahanga; coltan yinjiza miliyoni 44,9$; wolfram yagurishijwe miliyoni 16,9$ mu gihe andi mabuye yavuyemo miliyoni 37,4 za $.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] ids3jkv76l4ty6uo9yym50c2lw1fxqz Urubuga rwo gusigasira ibimera 0 13651 137566 90466 2026-09-15T16:07:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kubungabunga bishingiye ku mbuga''' ni uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije bushingiye ku kwerekana ingero z’ingenzi cyangwa zishyigikira ahantu nyaburanga cyangwa amoko y’ibanze, nk'ahantu h’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye cyangwa ahantu h’inyoni zikomeye. Mugihe inzira yumvikana yo kwemeza ko umutungo mwiza urinzwe, irakinguye kunengwa:<ref name=":0">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.625432/full</ref> * Ikunda kwibanda kubutunzi no kurinda kurubuga rwiza gusa. * Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ibibanza byiza ubu ntibishobora kuba byiza kurinda ejo hazaza. * Inyamanswa ntizizi imirongo yashushanyije ku ikarita n'abantu. Ku buringanire, kubungabunga ibibanza ni igice cyingenzi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, hamwe n’ibikorwa nk’inkunga y’ibidukikije no kugenzura igenamigambi ririnda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ku isi yose (inzira yagutse kandi idakabije), hamwe n’ibitekerezo byuzuye byo kubungabunga ibidukikije.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} . 1tg3xxdpbqweajbz6go3dqn6uy1cr83 Urubura 0 13718 137689 136521 2026-09-15T16:53:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Snow Scene at Shipka Pass 1.JPG|thumb|Urubura|254x254px]] == Urubura ni iki ? == Urubura ni [[imvura]] igwa mu ivuye mu kirere igizwe n'ibice bya barafu biremerera mu kirere maze bikicamo ibipande bimwe ari binini cyangwa se bitoya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.grandvalira.com/fr/blog-ski/temperature-neige |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216143624/https://www.grandvalira.com/fr/blog-ski/temperature-neige |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Urubura Rukorwa gute ? == [[Dosiye:Imvura yamahindu musanze.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Urubura kubutaka]] iyo ibicu bikonje bigenda byiyegeranya birimo utumorecule duto, maze umwuka ukazamuka mu kirere wahura n'[[amazi]] ugahinduka ibitonyanga by'amazi, ariko kubera ubukonje bwinshi bikaza guhinduka urubura.<ref name=":0" /> == Amoko yu rubura == Urubura rugira amoko menshi ariko mu rwanda haboneka nka 3 gusa : * Hari urubura Rwumwe: uru rubura ni urubura rutagira amazi namake mbese rugwa nta mvura iruherekeje, iyo ruri kugwa ugirango ni amabuye. * Urubura urubura Rworoshye : uru ni urubura rugwa ariko harimo amazi cyangwa imvura jyeya. * [[Dosiye:Imvura yatebye mumashu.jpg|thumb|urubura|155x155px]]Urubura rutose : ni urubura rugwa neza harimo imvura nyinshi kandi rworoshye, ahanini ntago rwangiza cyane, kandi rukaba rwagwa hanashyushye.<ref>https://www.skiinfo.fr/news/les-differents-types-de-neige/</ref> == Mu [[Rwanda]] == [[Dosiye:Amahindu Musanze.jpg|thumb|177x177px|Urubura murwanda]] Mu Rwanda tugira urubura rukunze gusenya amazu, rukica imyaka haba insina, [[Ikigori|ibigori]], amasaka n;ibijumba mbese icyo rusanze mu murima rurabyangiza rugahita rushira bikarangira, kuburyo sikenshi rukunda kugwa, urwo rubura ntago rumara igihe kinini ruhita rushyira. sikimwe nahandi ku isi rushobora kumara ukwezi amezi abiri rugwa.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyagatare-hegitari-600-z-imyaka-zangijwe-n-urubura-inzu-122-zivaho-ibisenge</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2013/02/130209_usweather</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mahanga/article/amerika-urubura-rwahejeje-benshi-mu-modoka-abapfa-bakomeje-kwiyongera</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/ubwongereza-ingendo-zindege-nyinshi-zasubitswe-kubera-urubura |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216142113/https://www.isangostar.rw/ubwongereza-ingendo-zindege-nyinshi-zasubitswe-kubera-urubura |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527104216/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imvura]] fveag09myo80bxl2a2g3y7hptiu70v3 Umugwegwe 0 13720 137317 113712 2026-09-15T14:24:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137317 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umugwegwe ni Iki ? == [[Dosiye:A descriptive catalogue of useful fiber plants of the world - including the structural and economic classifications of fibers (1897) (14596875597).jpg|center|thumb|209x209px|igiti cy'umugwegwe]] [[Dosiye:A descriptive catalogue of useful fiber plants of the world - including the structural and economic classifications of fibers (1897) (14780250331).jpg|thumb]] Umugwegwe ni [[igiti]] cy'umugwegwe kivamo indodo zikomeye, zikoreshwa mu kudoda imigozi ikomeye, umugwegwe ni [[igiti]] kinyura mu nzira zikomeye kugirango amababi yacyo atange umusaruro cyangwa indodo nziza kandi zikomeye.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/105240/teta-diana-yifashishije-ababyeyi-bo-mu-bugesera-baboha-imigara-nimitako-mu-mashusho-yindir-105240.html</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/186504/Entertainment/diana-teta-on-her-new-ep-aumugwegwea/amp</ref> == Umugwegwe icyo isobanuye mu buzima busazwe == [[Dosiye:A descriptive catalogue of useful fiber plants of the world - including the structural and economic classifications of fibers (1897) (14783063302).jpg|thumb|umugwegwe]] Mu buzima busazwe Umugwegwe ufite igisobanuro gikomeye, umuntu witwa umugwegwe ni umuntu uwariwe wese ukurira mu buzima bukomeye cyangwa bubi, ariko agakura ndete akaba [[umugore]] cyangwa umugabo nyawe .<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/186504/Entertainment/diana-teta-on-her-new-ep-aumugwegwea</ref> == Uko Umugwegwe Ukoreshwa == Umugwegwe<ref>https://www.grainesdefolie.com/cactus-agave-et-yucca/2334-sisal-agave-sisalana.html</ref> Indodo<ref>https://fleurs-fruits-feuilles-de.com/agave_sisalana.php</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] kkyr71ewyut1e74963yf0x85kae0sbb Ishyamba ry'inturusu 0 13730 137701 113542 2026-09-15T16:57:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137701 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sapium haematospermum.jpg|thumb|172x172px|Igiti]] inturusu ni igiti gikomoka muri Austaraliya, hariho ubwoko butandukanye bw’inturusu burenga 100.[[Dosiye:Eucalyptus tereticornis flowers, capsules, buds and foliage.jpeg|thumb|Uruyange rw'Intusu|147x147px]] == Igiti cy'inturusu == [[Dosiye:Inturusu.jpg|thumb|Inturusu|151x151px]] [[Dosiye:Forest (193).jpg|thumb|Inturusu|148x148px]] Inturusu ni [[igiti]] kiza cyane, Hari ababitera ku mihanda, hari n’abatera ishyamba ry’inturusu bagamije ahanini kuzabikoresha nk’imbaho, inkwi, cyangwa kubicamo amakara. Ariko se mwari muzi ko inturusu ubundi ari igiti cyifitemo imiti y’indwara zitandukanye.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/inturusu-igiti-cyifitemo-imiti-y-indwara-zitandukanye</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?rubavu-umurambo-w-umukecuru-wasanzwe-mu-ishyamba-ry-inturusu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216195303/https://bwiza.com/?rubavu-umurambo-w-umukecuru-wasanzwe-mu-ishyamba-ry-inturusu |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rusizi-uruhinja-rw-amezi-abiri-rwatoraguwe-mu-ishyamba</ref>[[Dosiye:Eucalyptus forest3.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba ry'intusu|155x155px]] == Imiti ivamo == [[Dosiye:Inturusu.jpg|thumb|150x150px]] inturusu ikorwamo imiti yo koza amenyo, bombo zivura inkorora, ndetse zigakoreshwa mu miti itandukanye. Impumuro y’ibibabi by’iyo nturusu ituma bikoreshwa mu mavuta n’amasabune y’ubwiza atandukanye. Inturusu ikoreshwa mu kunoza igogora. Inturusu ituma urwagashya rukora ibyitwa ‘sucs exocrines’, ibyo bikaba bikenerwa cyane mu igogorwa ry’ibinyamavuta n’ibinyamasukari ndetse na poroteyine umuntu aba yariye.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/90525/video-inturusu-ikimera-cyagukiza-zimwe-mu-ndwara-zubuhumekero-burundu-90525.html</ref> == Ibindi Bivamo == Ibindi byiza by’inturusu harimo kuba yarwanya imibu mu nzu (inturusu yitwa citriodora). Inturusu yitwa Globulus’ kandi, yifitemo ubushobozi bwo kugabanya urugero rw’isukari mu maraso. Inturusu kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya umwuka, aho bafata ibibabi by’inturusu bakabitwikira ahantu mu cyumba gifunze, nyuma bakagikingura.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://umuryango.rw/amatangazo-44/article/itangazo-rya-cyamunara-y-umutungo-utimukanwa-ugizwe-n-ubutaka-buteyeho-ishyamba?pr=119217&lang=fr</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba]] kzr3hkac1w19wik3mais93s7zsa4ure Ikimera cya Kapusine 0 13731 137483 136522 2026-09-15T15:48:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137483 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nasturtium flower orange.jpg|thumb|Ikimera cya Capusine|167x167px]] == Kapusine == Ikimera cya kapusine ni ururabo ruterwa mu busitani, rimwe na rimwe rukimeza no mu murima, rugira amabara meza ari nacyo bamwe barukundira. Capusine ni ururabo ruboneka ahatandukanye mu Rwanda aho usanga abenshi banayikoresha mu kwivura indwara zoroheje, cyane nki ibicurane''.''<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/article/ikimera-cya-kapusine-cyica-imyanda</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/capucine/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216202654/https://umutihealth.com/capucine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ku Abana == [[Dosiye:Trush Nasturtiums III.jpg|thumb|147x147px|Kapusini]] Amababi n’imbuto bya kapusine(Capucine) bivamo imiti itandukanye ku bana ndetse n’abantu bakuru. Ababyeyi bakunze kuyifashisha mu kuvura abana barwaye inkorora ndetse n’ibicurane giripe, aho bafata amababi yayo bakayababura ku muriro, amazi avuyemo bakayanywa. Si ku bana gusa kuko n’abakuru bayikoresheje ikunze kugaragaza umusaruro muzima.<ref name=":1">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/79391/kapusine-ururabo-rutangaje-79391.html</ref><ref name=":2" /> == Abagore na bagabo == mu buvuzi bavuga ko kapusine (capucine) mugihe iriwe ari mbisi cyangwa isekuwe, ukavanga n’amazi ukanywa igice cy’ikirahure, ibyo byica imyanda yo mu myanya ndangagitsina ku bagabo no ku bagore. Ibi ngo biterwa n’uko ivura indwara zo mu mpyiko no mu ruhago, ndetse ngo yongera ubushake bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Ibindi == [[Dosiye:Orange Watsonia among nasturtium.jpg|thumb|Umuti wa capusine|126x126px]] Ibibabi by’iki kimera bitogosheje mu mazi iyo ubyogesheje mu mutwe ngo byaba bitera umusatsi kumera bikaburizamo indwara z’uruhara n’ibihushi ndetse n’umusatsi ntiwongere gupfuka. Kapusine kandi ngo hari n’abazitunganya bakazirya nka Salade. Uretse izi ndwara zavuzwe haruguru, kapusine ngo ishobora no kuvura inkorora y’igikatu, kuvura igisebe ndetse ngo ishobora no kujyanwa mu nganda igakorwamo imiti ivura indwara zitandukanye.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Isuku == [[Dosiye:Nasturtium - Spitfire 02.jpg|thumb|196x196px|Umuti wakapusini]] Ariko kandi, umuntu ugiye gukoresha kapusine aba asabwa kuyisukura cyane, mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko hari mikorobe zishobora gusigara ku mamabi, zikaba zatera ubundi burwayi. Bivugwa ko imbuto, amababi ndetse n’uruti ni byo bivura izo ndwara zitandukanye zavuzwe haruguru.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umuti]] pxnm4y1jm33leox2e28pk7r7661ga74 Inganda mu Rwanda 0 13797 137690 136431 2026-09-15T16:53:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137690 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Industr.Gebiet Frielentrop aus Sicht St. Nikolaus.JPG|thumb|Uruganda|167x167px]] == Inganda n'abakozi == * Guteza imbere [[Inganda z'icyayi mu Rwanda|inganda]] no kongerera abakozi ubushobozi ni bimwe mu bigize ingamba za Guverinoma y’u Rwanda zo kugera kuri Vision 2020 * [[Dosiye:San Bruno, California. Maintenance work, repair and construction is done by volunteer evacuee worke . . . - NARA - 537916.tif|thumb|Abakozi bo mu ruganda|163x163px]][[Dosiye:Mulindi13.jpg|thumb|uruganda|169x169px]]Nk’uko bimeze mu bigihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, inyinshi mu nganda zashyizwwe mu turere tw’umujyi. Hafi 63 ku ijana by’inganda byubatze mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]] cyangwa mu nkengero zawo. * Ibigo bikuru bikuru byibanda ku gukora cyane cyane ibikomoka ku biti na /cyangwa gutunganya ibiti, kwenga inzoga, ibinyobwa bidasindisha, itabi, ciment, imyenda, icyayi n’ikahwa. Ibindi byahisemo gukora ibijyanye ibintu n’ubutabire, ubwubatsi, amacapiro, gukora impapuro, gukora ibyuma na gaz méthane. * Bityo, ubukungu bushingiye cyane ku rwego rwa mbere, rugizwe n’[[Inganda z'icyayi mu Rwanda|inganda]] zijyanye cyane no gutunganya ibintu byo mu rwego rwa mbere. * Inganda ziyongereyeho 10 ku ijana gusa mu 2007 ugereranije na 11 ku ijana mu 2006. * Uruhare rwazo muri PIB rusa n’urwagumye kuri 14 ku ijana aho rwari ruri kuva mu 2001. * Ubukerarugendo buragenda burushaho guhindura isura kuko ari urubuga rwinjiriramo ubushobozi bushyashya bujyanye n’inganda kandi bwiyongera mu gihugu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/musengere-abafite-inganda-mu-rwanda-kuko-batorohewe-nibiciro-byamashanyarazi-bihanitse/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2021-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513213513/https://rugali.com/musengere-abafite-inganda-mu-rwanda-kuko-batorohewe-nibiciro-byamashanyarazi-bihanitse/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/inganda-zikomeye-mu-rwanda-zashimiwe-guverinoma-yizeza-ubufasha-buhoraho</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/amajyaruguru-abafite-inganda-basabwe-kugira-ubufatanye-buhoraho-n-abazigemurira-ibyo-zitunganya</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/iburasirazuba-abafite-inganda-nto-barasaba-guhabwa-umwanya-mu-byanya-byahariwe-inganda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218191211/https://www.isangostar.rw/iburasirazuba-abafite-inganda-nto-barasaba-guhabwa-umwanya-mu-byanya-byahariwe-inganda |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Gem.pebbles.800pix.jpg|thumb|Amabuye y'agaciro|177x177px]] == Amabuye y’agaciro == * Ubucukuzi bw[[Amabuye y'agaciro|’amabuye y’agaciro]] ni igikorwa kigizwe n’umutungo utisubiranya ufite agaciro gahanitse. [[Amabuye y'agaciro|Amabuye y’agaciro]] akoreshwa mu masoko y’igihugu no mu mahanga hagamijwe iterambere mu bukungu no mu bintu bikorerwa mu nganda. * Ariko, n’ubwo bukoresha ubuso buto bw’ubutaka, bushobora kugira ingaruka zihambaye ku bidukikije kandi akenshi zidatezuka. * Ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro na za kariyeri byiyongereyeho hafi 55 ku ijana mu mwaka w’i 2004, bishyigikiwe ahanini n’umusaruro wiyongeraga wa gasegereti n’uwa tini. * Urwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro na za kariyeri rukekwaho kuba rukoresha ku buryo butaziguye hafi abantu 50.000 mu [[Rwanda]]. * Ubungubu, ibikomoka kuri za kariyeri bitanga 11 ku ijana by’inyungu ziboneka imbere mu gihugu ugereranije na 3-4 ku ijana uhereye mu mwaka w’i 1990. Ubwiyongere mu rwego rw’inganda bwageze hafi kuri 7 ku ijana mu mwaka w’i 2004, * Ntihashize igihe, mu myaka y’i 2006-2007, urwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro rwashyizwe mu maboko y’abikorera ku giti cyabo ku buryo burambuye, ibyo bituma haba imizamukire muri icyo gikorwa cy’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. * Amafaranga yinjiye akomoka ku mabuye y’agaciro (mines) yari miliyoni 71 z’Amadolari y’Abanyamerika na miliyoni 93 mu 2007 n’i 2008 buri kimwe. Yarengeje intego zakekwaga kugerwaho mbere.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/60-byamabuye-yagaciro-acukurwa-mu-Rwanda-arangirika</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/mu-mezi-icyenda-ubucukuzi-bw-amabuye-y-agaciro-bwinjirije-u-rwanda-arenga</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ngororero-barindwi-bafatiwe-mu-bucuruzi-bw-amabuye-y-agaciro-butemewe</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ubuyobozi-buriga-uko-ubucukuzi-bw-amabuye-y-agaciro-butabangamira-imikorere-y-urugomero-rwa-nyabarongo</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/ukuzamuka-gutunguranye-kw-ikiguzi-cy-amabuye-ya-wolfram</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/rwanda-abacukura-amabuye-yagaciro-bubikwaho-urusyo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218191211/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/rwanda-abacukura-amabuye-yagaciro-bubikwaho-urusyo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-57550317</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Ibihugu-bya-mbere-muri-Afurika-bitunze-amabuye-y-agaciro-menshi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gahunde.org/2013/12/27/muzabeshye-abahinde-u-rwanda-rwarushije-congo-amabuye-yagaciro-ryari/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218191210/https://gahunde.org/2013/12/27/muzabeshye-abahinde-u-rwanda-rwarushije-congo-amabuye-yagaciro-ryari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ingorane zo mu rwego rw’inganda == * Kubura ingufu zihagije * Kudakumira imyanda ihumanya bihagije<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Inganda-mu-Rwanda-urwego-rutanga-icyizere-cyiterambere-ryihuse</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/Gahunda-yo-guteza-imbere-inganda-mu-gihugu-izinjiza-miliyari-zirenga-1000-FRW |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218191211/https://bwiza.com/Gahunda-yo-guteza-imbere-inganda-mu-gihugu-izinjiza-miliyari-zirenga-1000-FRW |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/6713071.html</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/musanze-igice-kinini-cyicyanya-cyahariwe-inganda-cyahinduwe-inzuri-zabifite/</ref> [[Dosiye:GUAD-p-a-p-industr-hafen.jpg|thumb|Ingamba mu inganda|181x181px]] == Ingamba zigamije iterambere ry’inganda == * Kugira ngo u [[Rwanda]] rwungukire muri politike yo guha imitungo abakorera no kugira ngo rushyigikire ishoramari kurushaho, politike idatezuka iriho yo guteza imbere inganda hamwe n’izindi nzego ngenderwaho z’iterambere bigomba gukomatanywa mu rwego rwo gucunga neza ibidukikije ku buryo burambye. * Gushyira mu bikorwa no kuboneza amategeko arebana n’ibidukikije: ingingo ya 67 n’iya 68 y’itegeko ryerekeranye n’ibidukikije zitegeka ko ibikorwa byose bishobora kugira ingaruka zihambaye ku bidukikije bikorerwa isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bidukikije (EIA). * Umusaruro uboneye kurushaho: urugero rw’ibikorwa bya CP (inganda) * Kunoza urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro : guteza imbere ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ubushobozi bw’igihugu bw’imitunganyirize; gushyiraho ikigo cya za serivisi zerekeranye no gutunganya amabuye y’agaciro mu karere no kunoza imikorere y’igihugu y’ibikoresho byo mu bwubatsi.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Urugendo-rwo-kuzamura-inganda-zimyenda-mu-Rwanda-rugeze-he</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/inganda-zo-mu-rwanda-zatangiye-imirimo-yo-kudoda-udupfukamunwa-amafoto</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/Gahunda-yo-guteza-imbere-inganda-mu-gihugu-izinjiza-miliyari-zirenga-1000-FRW |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218191211/https://bwiza.com/Gahunda-yo-guteza-imbere-inganda-mu-gihugu-izinjiza-miliyari-zirenga-1000-FRW |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/hamuritswe-amacupa-manini-yo-kubikamo-amazi-akozwe-mu-ikoranabuhanga-ridasanzwe</ref> [[Dosiye:Gas cylinder connector G8.jpg|thumb|Gaze iva mu kiyaga cya kivu Rwanda|183x183px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Inganda zo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Inganda]] 3tqbp4mzmwomx4ejjtzaps2w8jp07fc Kirehe Greening 0 13889 137691 136432 2026-09-15T16:54:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137691 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Department of Children Head Office Ghana.jpg|thumb|Akarere ka Kirehe]] [[Dosiye:Ubwiza bw'ikirere cya kirehe.jpg|thumb|kirehe greening]] [[Dosiye:Igiti 5062.jpg|left|thumb|abaturage ba Kirehe mumahugurwa]] [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] kemejwe nk’umwe mu mijyi yunganira [[Umujyi wa Kigali]] igomba gutezwa imbere, ku buryo hari impinduka zatangiye kugaragara mu iterambere yaba mu bikorwaremezo n’imiturire. Kuri ubu Nyakarambi ifatwa nk’umujyi mukuru w’Akarere ka Kirehe ituwe n’abaturage bagera ku bihumbi 25.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/Kirehe</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-imishinga-igamije-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe</ref> == Kirehe Greening == Mu bice byagenewe ubusitani ku mihanda yo mu Mujyi wa Nyakarambi mu Karere ka Kirehe hari kurimbishwa haterwa imikindo n’ibyatsi bya Pasiparumu muri gahunda yiswe ‘Kirehe Greening’ igamije kugira Kirehe itoshye kandi ikeye.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kirehe-ishyamba-rya-ibanda-makera-rigiye-kugirwa-icyanya-cy-ubukerarugendo</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Cleaning Lady.jpg|thumb|Isuku muri Kirehe]] [[Dosiye:Igiti 5123.jpg|thumb|gutera Ibiti]] == Isuku == bwo hatangizwaga ubukangurambaga ku [[isuku]], umutekano no kurwanya igwingira mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe|Karere ka Kirehe]] habayeho no gushyira haba mu mujyi wa Nyakarambi no mu zindi santere zihuriramo abantu benshi ibyapa bikangurira abantu kugira isuku, kwita ku mutekano no kurwanya igwingira; no gushyiraho za Pubeli cyangwa ahagenewe gushyirwa imyanda mu rwego rwo kurwanya umwanda no kubungabunga ibidukikije.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-ihere-amaso-uko-umujyi-wa-nyakarambi-uri-kurimbishwaamafoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220073334/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-ihere-amaso-uko-umujyi-wa-nyakarambi-uri-kurimbishwaamafoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Ibiti == Akarere ka Kirehe kari muri gahunda yo gutera ibiti ku mbande zombi z’umuhanda munini wa kaburimbo[Ngoma-Rusumo] uva ahitwa Cyunuzi mu Murenge wa Gatore, kugeza ku mupaka wa Rusumo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] jzbrkorqcdfouyu25opo9qlkn3ke5k7 Isuku muri Nyakarambi 0 13904 137606 121547 2026-09-15T16:44:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137606 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bo-Kaap, Cape Town, South Africa.jpg|thumb|UMujyi wa Nyakarambi|167x167px]] [[Dosiye:Isuku.jpg|left|thumb|Abana batozwa isuku]] == Intangiriro == Nyuma y’uko [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] gaherereye mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y’Iburasirazuba]] kemejwe nk’umwe mu mijyi yunganira [[Umujyi wa Kigali]], imbaraga nyinshi ziri gushyirwa mu guteza imbere aka Karere hubakwa ibikorwaremezo bitandukanye, ni aho nyakarambi iri gutungamya nku mugi wa karere.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/Kirehe</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kirehe-ishyamba-rya-ibanda-makera-rigiye-kugirwa-icyanya-cy-ubukerarugendo</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-imishinga-igamije-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-isura-nshya-ya-nyakarambi-nyuma-yo-kugezwamo-imihanda-ya-mbere-ya</ref> == Nyakarambi == [[Dosiye:Ikirere gihindutse.jpg|thumb|Haracyeye i Nyakarambi|171x171px]] Umujyi wa Nyakarambi ugizwe n’ibice by’Imirenge ya Kigina na Kirehe, uretse kuba utuwe, ni naho hari Isantere y’ubucuruzi nini, Ibiro by’Akarere ka Kirehe n’ibindi bigo bitanga serivisi  ibya Leta n’ibyigenga, Ibitaro by’Akarere ka Kirehe, Gare ya Nyakarambi, Isoko rya Nyakarambi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwo ku rwego rw’akarere ka Kirehe, Ingoro y’Umuryango [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR Inkotanyi]], ibikorwa bitandukanye by’abikorera nk’amahoteri, Agakiriro k’Akarere ka Kirehe n’ibindi.Kuri ubu umujyi wa Nyakarambi ari na wo ufatwa nk’umujyi mukuru w’Akarere ka Kirehe utuwe n’abagera ku bihumbi 25.<ref name=":2">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-ihere-ijisho-amafoto-agaragaza-impinduka-mu-iterambere-ry-umujyi-wa-nyakarambi/</ref><ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Koza ibyombo.jpg|thumb|Isuku n'isukura|162x162px]] == Isuku == Ubuyobozi bw’ [[Akarere ka Kirehe]], inzego z’umutekano n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye bazindukiye mu bikorwa byo kwimakaza umuco w’[[isuku]] n’umutekano ku bufatanye na Polisi y’u [[Rwanda]], mu bukangurambaga bufite insanganyamatsiko igira iti: “Isuku, umutekano no kurwanya igwingira ry’abana bato bihore ku isonga” Muri ubu bukangurambaga bwatangijwe kuu mugaragaro mugitondo cyo kuri uyu wa Gatatu, tariki 7 Ukuboza, Abagize Komite Nyobozi y’Akarere ka Kirehe, inzego z’umutekano zo muri aka Karere bifatanyije n’abatuye n’abakorera mu bice by’imirenge ya Kigina na Kirehe, mu Mujyi wa Nyakarambi bakora ibikorwa bigamije kwimakaza isuku hanatangwa ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga umutekano mu buryo bwose by’umwihariko no muri izi mpera z’umwaka wa 2022.Mu bikorwa byakozwe harimo gushyira ku muhanda ibyapa byibutsa abantu kwita ku isuku, ahashyirwa imyanda habugenewe; bikajyana no gutanga ubutumwa bwo kwita ku isuku, kubungabunga umutekano, no kwita ku mimikurire y’umwana hagamijwe gukumira igwingira.<ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Gukubura.jpg|thumb|Igutondo cy'isuku|204x204px]] == Igitondo cy’isuku == Gukora ubu bukangurambaga ku isuku n’umutekano byahuriranye na gahunda y’Igitondo cy’isuku nayo ikorwa buri wa Gatatu mugitondo mu mirenge 12 igize Akarere ka Kirehe, mu rwego rwo kwimakaza isuku y’aho abantu batuye n’aho bakorera; aho abaturage bafata umwanya wo gukora isuku aho batuye no mu dusantere bakoreramo. Ubukangurambaga buri gukorwa buri muri gahunda ngarukamwaka y’ukwezi kwahariwe ibikorwa bya Polisi, aho bwibanda ku bikorwa bigamije kuzamura iterambere n’imibereho myiza y’umuturage muri rusange.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] lzzqeod296bxsekr02fp58f2cg70dmt Guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire muri Kirehe 0 13945 137773 130768 2026-09-15T17:10:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137773 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikirere gikeye neza mumisozi.jpg|thumb|Ikirere|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:KireheDist.png|thumb|Ikarita igaragaza aho hirehe iherereye kwikarita y'Urwanda|154x154px]] [[Dosiye:Testhighlight 015406.jpg|thumb|kirehe|157x157px]] Imiterere y’Akarere ka Kirehe ituma katagusha imvura nyinshi ariko iyo iguye iteza isuri mu duce tumwe na tumwe twako ikangiza byinshi birimo n’ibihingwa. [[Dosiye:Isuri.jpg|thumb|Isuri|179x179px]] == Umushinga wo Guhangana n'ingaruka z'imihindagurikire == Umushinga wo kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu kibaya cy’Ikiyaga cya Victoria (Adaptating to Climate Change in Lake Victoria Basin: ACC) ushyirwa mu bikorwa na Komisiyo y’Ikibaya cy’Ikiyaga cya Victoria (Lake Victoria Basin Commission: LVBC), ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, ibikorwa byawo biri mu Karere ka Kirehe mu mirenge ya Gatore, Musaza na Gahara.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-imishinga-igamije-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe</ref>Washowemo ibihumbi 520 by’amadolari ya Amerika ni ukuvuga agera kuri miliyoni 520 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda nk’uko Umuhuzabikorwa wawo, Muhawenimana Seth yabisobanuye.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-imishinga-igamije-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe</ref>Mu Murenge wa Gatore ingo 160 zasaniwe inzu zinahabwa ibigega bifata amazi y’ibisenge mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’isuri yatwaraga ubutaka akanangiza igishanga cya Kijumbura gihingwamo umuceri.Mu gihe ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe by’umwihariko ku bikorwa by’ubuhinzi mu Karere ka Kirehe zirushaho kugira ubukana, imishinga mito ibyara inyungu yatangijwe ku bufatanye bwa Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije n’izindi nzego iratanga icyizere cyo kugoboka abagenerwabikorwa. == Uruhare rw'ubuyobozi muriki gikorwa == [[Dosiye:Tree planting kaduna.jpg|thumb|Gutera igiti|177x177px]] Guverineri CG Gasana yabwiye abaturage ko hari umushinga wo gutera amashyamba ahagije mu Karere ka Kirehe, Ati: “Tunashimira Leta yacu ko mu ngengo y’imari mu mwaka washize yashyizemo gutera ibiti by’umwihariko muri aka Karere ka Kirehe miliyari 30. Ayo mafaranga agiye kuza gutera amashyamba hano muri Kirehe gusa. Ubwo bivuze gukorana n’uturere, urubyiruko, namwe mwese bagashaka ‘pipiniere’ mukazitera mukazigurisha abatera amashyamba. Ariko binavuze yuko mugiye kubona amashyamba, mukabona imvura kandi n’ubutaka bwanyu ntibugende.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibidukikije/uturere-twa-nyagatare-na-kirehe-twagenewe-miliyari-60-frw-yo-gutera-amashyamba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220140053/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibidukikije/uturere-twa-nyagatare-na-kirehe-twagenewe-miliyari-60-frw-yo-gutera-amashyamba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>yasabye Abanyakirehe gukomeza gushyira imbaraga mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no gukumira ibiza.Abaturage bahuriza ku kuba ibi bikorwa bitandukanye bigamije kurengera ibidukikije byaratumye umubare munini w’abashomeri ubonamo akazi.Umukozi Ushinzwe Ibidukikije mu Karere ka Kirehe avuga ko aka karere ari kamwe mu Turere dukunze kwibasirwa n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere harimo izuba riteza amapfa ndetse imvura nayo yagwa igateza ibibazo birimo isuri ikabije, byose bigateza ingaruka ku bukungu no ku bidukikije.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/10/kirehe-amaterasi-yindinganire-yitezweho-gukumira-isuri-yangizaga-imyaka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220140058/https://umuseke.rw/2022/10/kirehe-amaterasi-yindinganire-yitezweho-gukumira-isuri-yangizaga-imyaka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi Wamenya == [[Dosiye:Rwandan Amazing forest.jpg|thumb|177x177px|Amashyamba ]] Muri aka Karere ku misozi iriho ubuhaname hakozwe amaterasi kuri hegitari 100, imirwanyasuri kuri hegitari 215.7, gutera amashyamba ku misozi ikomeye kuri Hegitari 50, gutunganya amashyamba asanzwe kuri hegitari 20 no gutera ibiti gakondo kuri hegitari 10.Kuba abaturage barahawe ibigega bifata amazi byanakemuye ikibazo cy’ibura ryayo kuko yavaga kure bikagora imiryango kubona ayo ikoresha imirimo yo mu rugo n’igihe bakeneye kuhira amatungo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibidukikije/uturere-twa-nyagatare-na-kirehe-twagenewe-miliyari-60-frw-yo-gutera-amashyamba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220140053/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibidukikije/uturere-twa-nyagatare-na-kirehe-twagenewe-miliyari-60-frw-yo-gutera-amashyamba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Mu Murenge wa Musaza hatewe inkunga imishinga iciriritse ibyara inyungu irimo iy’ubuhinzi bw’urusenda, ubworozi bw’ingurube n’ihene, ubukorikori burimo ububoshyi n’ubudozi bw’imyenda no gutunganya umusatsi by’umwihariko ku bakoreraga ubuhinzi mu nkengero z’Umugezi w’Akagera bwangizaga amazi yawo.Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kirehe bugaragaza ko mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu mwaka wa 2021na 2022 hirya no hino mu mirenge 12 ikagize hatewe amashyamba kuri hegitari 531, ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka 1,935,  ubuso bugera kuri hegitari 647 bwakozweho imirwanyasuri; mu gihe muri uyu mwaka hamaze gukorwa amatarasi y’indinganire kuri hegitari zisaga 94.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibidukikije/uturere-twa-nyagatare-na-kirehe-twagenewe-miliyari-60-frw-yo-gutera-amashyamba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220140053/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibidukikije/uturere-twa-nyagatare-na-kirehe-twagenewe-miliyari-60-frw-yo-gutera-amashyamba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Kirehe ni Akarere gakunda kwibasirwa n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe harimo amapfa n’isuri iyo imvura yaguye. Niyo mpamvu dushima ibi bikorwa byo gutanga ibigega by’amazi kuko hafi hano hari igishanga cyitwa Kijumbura gihingwamo umuceri mbere y’umushinga hari hegitari zirenga 10 ibigo by’ubwishingizi bitemeraga kwishingira, kubera kutizera ko aho hantu hatanga umusaruro ariko ubu hari hegitari 18 zihingwa zirishingirwa kandi zitanga umusaruro kubera ko isuri yagabanyijwe.Umujyanama mu bya tekiniki muri uyu mushinga yavuze ko intego y’uyu mushinga ni ugufasha abaturage kubona ibibunganira mu mibereho yabo bitewe n’uko ikirere kigenda kigaragaza ko badakwiye gutega amakiriro ku bikorwa by’ubuhinzi gusa.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-imishinga-igamije-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] du63hahz7lhkc7w89l5l7likmhthu06 Kwita ku bidukikije mu Rwanda 0 13997 137666 135980 2026-09-15T16:51:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137666 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fleur blanche Rwandais.jpg|thumb|Ibimera mu Rwanda]] '''Kwata ku budukikije mu [[Rwanda]]''' ni inshingano ya buri wese abagore nabo basabwe kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kubungabunga [[ibidukikije]]. Ibidukikije ni urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kuko ingaruka zo kutabyitaho zibangamira cyane abanyagihugu. == Ibidukikije mu Rwanda == Ibidukikije ni bimwe mu bimera ibyanya bifasha igihugu kugira umwuka mwiza ,ndetse bikagabanya ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.Ni muri urwo rwego leta y'u Rwanda yashyize imbaraga mu gukora neza ibishanga byo mumugi wa kigali ndetse igashishikariza abafatanya bikorwa b'abashora mari kuza kwitabira gukora iyo mishinga yo gutegura ibishanga bateramo ibiti byiza, amazi ndetse hagahinduka ahantu Nyaburanga .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/u-rwanda-ruri-gushaka-uzacunga-ibishanga-bitanu-byo-mu-mujyi-wa-kigali</ref> == Iterambere == Ukigo cy'igihugu cy'iterambere RDB yakoze ibyo byose ishingiye ku cyerekezo cy’u Rwanda cyo guteza imbere ubukungu bubungabunga ibidukikije no guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe by’umwihariko mu Mujyi wa Kigali ukomeje kwaguka.Igaragaza ko u Rwanda rufite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 14,4, biyongera ku gipimo cya 2,86% buri mwaka, mu gihe [[Kigali]] biteganyijwe ko izaba umujyi uzagira ubucucike buri hejuru kurusha ahandi hose mu gihugu.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/pariki-ya-nyandungu-igiye-kwakira-iserukiramuco-rikomeye-muri-afurika</ref> Byatangajwe kuri uyu wa Kabiri mu nteko rusange y’Umuryango Nile Basin Discourse Forum (NBDF), ugamije kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’ibidukikije mu bihugu bikora ku mugezi wa Nil. Abitabiriye iyo nteko rusange, bagaragaje ko icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyatumye bimwe mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bihagarara, nyamara ari ingenzi cyane mu buzima bwa muntu. [[Dosiye:Amasa1.jpg|thumb|ibidukikije ]]Umuyobozi mu muryango Reseau de Developpement des Femmes Pauvres, umwe mu igize NBDF, yavuze ko by’umwihariko, abagore badakwiriye guheranwa n’ibibazo byatewe na Covid-19, ngo birengagize uruhare rwabo mu kubungabinga ibidukikije.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/u-rwanda-ruri-gushaka-uzacunga-ibishanga-bitanu-byo-mu-mujyi-wa-kigali</ref> == Kubungabunga ibidukikije == [[Dosiye:Nyungwe waterfall.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] Abahuguwe ku kubungabunga ibidukikije biyemeje kuba bandebereho no gufasha abagiseta ibirenge. Murwego rwo guhangana n'ingaruka ziterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere leta y'u Rwanda ikomeje gukaza ingamba zo kubungagunga ibidukikije ku bufatanye n'abaturage ndetse n'abafatanyabikorwa. Ni muri urwo rwego, mu umurenge wa Byimana mu karere hair imwe mu miryango 20 imaze umwaka ihugurwa na Re'seau des femmes ku bigendanye no gukora ibikorwa bitabangamira ibidukikije,kuko iyo bidafashwe neza bigira ingaruka ku miryango by'umwihariko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ruhango.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/byimana-abahuguwe-ku-kubungabunga-ibidukikije-biyemeje-kuba-bandebereho-no-gufasha-abagiseta-ibirenge |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-06-18 |archive-date=2026-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618195649/https://www.ruhango.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/byimana-abahuguwe-ku-kubungabunga-ibidukikije-biyemeje-kuba-bandebereho-no-gufasha-abagiseta-ibirenge |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/ni-nde-wavuze-ko-kurengera-ibidukikije-bireba-abafite-amasambu-gusa</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} hqpryjmfz7dvhhx1loxokxroq3zdcc8 Dawe uri mu ijuru 0 13999 137318 134323 2026-09-15T14:24:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Department of Children Head Office Ghana.jpg|thumb|Akarere ka Nyamasheke|147x147px]] [[Dosiye:Annemasse A23.jpg|left|thumb|137x137px|mu muhanda]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:An aerial of the Kivu belt Road in the Western Province of Rwanda on June 17, 2019. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Ifoto ifatiwe mu kirere igaragaza umuhanda wo kuri Dawe uri mu ijuru.|161x161px]] Aha ni ku birometero bibiri gusa ukiva mu isantere  ya Mugonero mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Karere ka Nyamasheke]], hakaba  ku muhanda Rusizi-Karongi ukimara neza neza kurenga Akarere ka  Nyamasheke  utangiye kwinjira mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]].<ref name=":0">https://www.teradignews.rw/inkomoko-yahantu-hitwa-kuri-dawe-uri-mwijuru-ahantu-batumye-benshi-baba-abakirisitu/</ref> == amakorosi == Ukigera aha uhita usanganirwa n’amakorosi ateye ubwoba harimo niri ryiswe kuri “Dawe uri mu ijuru”, ikorosi ryitiriwe isengesho rikoreshwa na benshi mu madini atandukanye ku Isi.<ref name=":0" /> == Uko byaje == Iyo twajyaga kugera aha hantu twabanzaga gusenga ngo tuharenge ku buryo bamwe mu banyabwoba  babanzaga kuva mu modoka  kugira ngo badahirima ndetse abasigaragamo babaga bahiye ubwoba basenga ngo dawe uri mu ijuru , dawe uri mu ijuru, twasubiraga inyuma inshuro ebyiri maze iya gatatu akaba aribwo tuhakata, kandi icyo gihe basi zari nkeya hakoraga iza Onatracom gusa, abantu babaga bahagaze abandi bicaye. Iryo sengesho ryazanwe niryo korosi ubundi ntabwo iryo zina ryagombaga kuza ni uko babaga basenga ngo baharenge amahoro kandi iyo basengaga babaga bagaruka kuri Dawe uri mu ijuru.<ref name=":0" />[[Dosiye:Road from bugesera to kicukiro under construction.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa Dawe uri mu ijuru|152x152px]] == Umuhanda == Abanyuraga muri uyu muhanda nta kabuza batekerezaga ko bashobora kuhasiga ubuzima mu gihe hatabaye impuhwe z’Imana. Kugeza ubu haratunganyijwe  umuhanda ugurwa ndetse banashyiramo kaburimbo.Uyu muhanda yari umuhanda w’itaka iyo umushoferi yarangaraga gato yibukaga yageze mu manga, Abantu iyo bageraga aha hantu  baravugaga bati wa Mana we umfashe ndenge aha hantu.Gusa aha hantu ntabwo hacyitwa kuri Dawe uri mu ijuru kuko igihamya cy’impinduka ku miterere yaha hantu cyatumye iri zina rivaho ubu hahawe izina ryigisubizo ryitwa “Muri Yesu ashimwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umuhanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] j2kx8ri305e0671ndng1um6dopn6be0 Ibiti muri kamonyi 0 14001 137722 115735 2026-09-15T17:01:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137722 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nusfjord road, 2010 09.jpg|thumb|Ibiti ku muhanda|150x150px]] [[Dosiye:Kamonyi 2.jpg|thumb|ishyamba kamonyi|149x149px]] [[Dosiye:Spruce forest at Holma.jpg|left|thumb|164x164px|Ishyamba rya kamonyi]] == Intangiriro == Ubuyobozi bw’[[akarere ka Kamonyi]] buratangaza ko bwishimiye uko buhagaze muri gahunda yo kwesa imihigo muri uyu mwaka,kuko bwahize imihigo 68 ,muriyo 57 igeze ku kigero gishimishije mu gihe igera kuri 42 yamaze kugerwaho ijana ku ijana.<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/article/ubuyobozi-bw-akarere-ka-kamonyi-bwagaragaje-intambwe-ishimishije-bumaze</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/umurage/article/kamonyi-ku-biti-5-byakubitishije</ref> [[Dosiye:Gishwati Natural Forest 02.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba|162x162px]] [[Dosiye:Kamonyi Gitarama.jpg|thumb|ibiti muri kamonyi|158x158px]] == ishyamba == Ku Cyumweru tariki ya 14 Werurwe 2021, Polisi y’u Rwanda ikorera mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Karere ka Kamonyi]], Umurenge wa Nyamiyaga yafashe abagabo batandatu (6) batemaga ibiti bya Leta byatewe ku muhanda nta burenganzira babiherewe. Abo bagabo ubwo bafatwaga bari bafite imbaho zigera kuri 279 babaje mu biti bya Leta. abafashwe ni Niyibizi Jean Claude w’imyaka 34, Mbabarenkoriki Eric w’imyaka 32, Hategekimana Frederick w’imyaka 30, Bizimana Cyriaque w’imyaka 31, Sebahire Mathieu w’imyaka 34 na Mbonabucya Emmanuel w’imyaka 24. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kamonyi-polisi-yafashe-abakekwaho-gutema-ibiti-bya-leta-batabyemerewe</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Kamonyi-Batandatu-bakekwaho-gutema-ibiti-bya-Leta-byo-ku-mihanda-bafashwe</ref> [[Dosiye:Inturusu.jpg|thumb|Ibiti|145x145px]] == Ibiti == Abaturage bo muri iriya Midugudu baduhaye amakuru ko hari abagabo basanzwe ari ababaji batema ibiti biteye ku muhanda by’iganjemo ibyo mu bwoko bwa Gereveriya bakabibazamo imbaho bakazigurisha. Natwe tukimara guhabwa amakuru kubera ko abaturage bagiye batubwira aho batuye n’aho babariza ibiti twaragiye duhita tubafata uko ari 6 maze tubasangana imbaho 279<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Umuhanda]] t4dknz8ed7bnzrs7ahxtzpyfzomju1o Ibiti mu ruhango 0 14004 137319 115749 2026-09-15T14:24:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Spruce forest at Holma.jpg|left|thumb|154x154px|Ishyamba rya ruhango]] == Intangiriro == gahunda yo gutera ibiti byera [[imbuto]] ziribwa kugira ngo barusheho kurwanya imirire mibi, no kwizigamira amafaranga bazihaha ku masoko.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ruhango-mu-murenge-wa-mbuye-bateye-ibiti-500-bya-avoka</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ruhango-urubyiruko-rwiyemeje-gukemura-burundu-ikibazo-cy-ingo-zidafite</ref> [[Dosiye:Uburyo_bwo_kwirinda_isuri.jpg|thumb|Uburyo bwo kwirinda isuri|148x148px]] == Imiganda == abaturage guhana imiganda hakurikijwe ubumenyi bafite uko bagiye baturanye, niba ari umufundi akaba yafasha abaturage kubakira abaturanyi babo, niba ari umuganga akaba yafasha kurwanya imirire mibi no kubungabuga ubuzima, yaba ari umunyamategeko akaba yagira uruhare mu gufasha abaturage kuyasobanukirwa.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:DUSAFO_planting_trees.jpg|thumb|umuganda wo gutera ibiti |159x159px]] [[Dosiye:Persea_americana_fruit_2.JPG|thumb|avoka |163x163px]] [[Dosiye:Tree_planting_kaduna.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti|160x160px]] == Avoka == [[Dosiye:Persea americana new foliage 3.JPG|thumb|Igiti cy'avoka|155x155px]] Avuga ko ubundi gahunda ya Leta iteganya ko buri rugo rugira ibiti bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa, kandi ko abatarabitera bagomba kubikora kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu kurwanya imirire mibi mu bana. Avuga ko ubundi gahunda ya Leta iteganya ko buri rugo rugira ibiti bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa, kandi ko abatarabitera bagomba kubikora kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu kurwanya imirire mibi mu bana.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Avocados_(Persea_americana)_(18159574242).jpg|thumb|igiti cyavoka |146x146px]] == imirwanyasuri == [[Dosiye:Terrace farming Uttarakhand.jpg|thumb|Imiryanyasuri|135x135px]] kandi ko imirwanyasuri baciriwe izabafasha guhangana n’isuri yavaga mu musozi wa Gisanga, kuko hari n’inzu y’umuturage iherutse gusenywa n’imivu y’amazi ava kuri uwo musozi kandi abaturage bagiraga impungenge zo kuwutura munsi utarwanyijeho isuri.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Tree_planting_0.jpg|thumb|Ingemwe z'ibiti |130x130px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] fh6x9r1zx9oeoge4uul1xls57ttejz5 Ubusitani bwa Nyanza 0 14016 137320 127843 2026-09-15T14:24:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Genocide memory site img.jpg|thumb|Ubusitani I Nyanza|147x147px]] [[Dosiye:Icyarire.jpg|left|thumb|131x131px]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Stevens-Coolidge Place gardens, August 2021.jpg|thumb|Ubusitani|144x144px]] [[Dosiye:Hosta Garden edge at Simpson Garden Park.jpg|thumb|Ubusitani|148x148px]] ubusitani bwatangiye gukorwa mu mwaka wa 2019 bukaba bugizwe n’ibice 15 bifite aho bihuriye n’amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yaba ayo mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside]] cyangwa nyuma yayo.busitani bwo ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza ya Kicukiro bwashyizweho ibuye ry’ifatizo na Madamu wa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida wa Repubulika]] Jeannette Kagame mu mwaka wa 2000.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/madamu-jeannette-kagame-yatashye-ubusitani-bwo-ku-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyanza</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/10/nyanza-ishyamba-kimeza-rya-kibilizi-ryasubiranye-ubwiza-ryahoranye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221084852/https://umuseke.rw/2021/10/nyanza-ishyamba-kimeza-rya-kibilizi-ryasubiranye-ubwiza-ryahoranye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/tujyane-i-nyanza-muri-unilak-aho-abanyeshuri-biga-bumva-amahumbezi-azira</ref><ref>http://www.igihe.wikirwanda.org/cache/news-15-52-12115-1html</ref> == Ibice bigize ubu busitani == Buri gice gifite ibisobanuro mu rugendo rwo kwibuka, aho ibiti, indabo, inzira z’amazi hamwe n’imyobo bisobanura ibice bitandukanye byagiye byicirwamo cyangwa bikajugunywamo inzirakarengane.<ref name=":0" /> * Muri ubu busitani harimo igice kigizwe n’'''ibuye''' '''rinini''' ryashyizwe ku bwinjiriro mu rwego rwo kwibutsa inkomoko y’ubusitani mu 2000. Ni cyo kimenyetso cyonyine cyihariye kiranga ubusitani n’umwimerere wabwo. * Hari n’ahari '''ubusitani bwumye''', bugizwe n’'''amabuye''', hakazashyirwamo amabuye agera kuri miliyoni asobanuye umubare w’Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hamwe n’ibiti bikura mu butayu bisobanura bato batari gito bahagurutse bagahagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. * [[Dosiye:Classroom and administration block, St Mary's School, (Yala Township, Nyanza Province, Kenya)..jpg|thumb|ubusitani|139x139px]]Harimo kandi '''amazi arimo urufunzo''' nk’ikimenyetso cyibutsa Abatutsi bajugunywe mu mazi hirya no hino mu gihugu, imirambo yabo ikaba itazigera iboneka ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro, naho urufunzo ni ikimenyetso cya hamwe mu hantu Abatutsi bahigwaga bihishe bagashobora kurokoka. * Harimo kandi '''imisozi nk’ikimenyetso cy’imisozi''' igihumbi y’u Rwanda ariko kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gihe cya Jenoside, kuko ni hamwe mu hantu abahigwaga babashije kwihisha bakarokoka nko mu Bisesero n’ahandi. * Hari ahagenewe kujya '''urumuri rw’icyizere''' nk’ikimenyetso cyo kudaheranwa n’agahinda kuko icyizere cy’ubuzima gihari. * [[Dosiye:Ritsurin Garden, Kagawa Prefecture; November 2019 (09).jpg|thumb|Ubusitani|142x142px]]Muri uru rwibutso harimo '''igice cy’ishyamba ry’urwibutso''' kirimo ibiti bitandukanye birimo umunyinya, umuvumu hamwe n’umuko, ahagomba guterwa ibiti bigera ku ijana bifite igisobanuro cy’iminsi 100 y’icuraburindi rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibindi == Hari kandi umwobo ufunguye werekana ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abantu b’inzirakarengane bajungunywemo bagakurwamo bamwe ari bazima abandi bapfuye. Muri ubu buzitani kandi hari inzira ifite ibisobanuro by’uko hariho inzira yo gusohoka udasubiye inyuma ndetse n’umugambi wateguwe mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] gu2v31d5duusik9zjh0lgbuuju0nhro Imbuto i kayonza 0 14024 137648 134140 2026-09-15T16:49:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137648 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igiti 5099.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti muri kayonza|163x163px]] [[Dosiye:Imbuto.jpg|left|thumb|164x164px|imbuto]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Mango_newly_grafted_seedlings.jpg|thumb|ingemwe z'umwembe|128x128px]] Abahinzi b’imbuto mu cyanya cyuhirwa mu Murenge wa Murama na Kabarondo, [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] n’Umurenge wa Remera mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Karere ka Ngoma]], bafashe neza [[Ibiti byimeza|ibiti]] by’[[imbuto]] bahembwe ibikoresho birimo ipombo zitera umuti, roswari (Arrosoir) yo kuhira n’igikoresho cyifashishwa mu gukata ibisambo.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/kayonza-abahinzi-bafashe-neza-ibiti-by-imbuto-bahembwe</ref><ref name=":2">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ab-i-kayonza-batangiye-gutererwa-ibiti-by-imbuto-mu-mirima-mu-guhangana-n</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/hatewe-ibiti-byimbuto-byitezweho-guhindura-byinshi-mu-buzima-bwabaturage |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221102307/https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/hatewe-ibiti-byimbuto-byitezweho-guhindura-byinshi-mu-buzima-bwabaturage |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">https://umuseke.rw/kayonza-hatangijwe-umushinga-wo-gutera-ibiti-byimbuto-ibihumbi-400-mu-kurwanya-inzara.html?fbclid=IwAR3cdHsEwL0D9B24z4XLnaVG-JHmzrkVr2muXvb6EpDPKj7uQTwYg05aEBI</ref> [[Dosiye:Watering-can-green.jpg|thumb|Ipombo y'amazi|181x181px]] == ipombo yo gutera umuti == ipombo yo gutera umuti ni igikorwa cyabaye ku wa Kane tariki ya 19 Mutarama 2022, kikaba cyari kiyobowe n’Umuyobozi wa RAB wungirije ushinzwe Ubuhinzi, Dr Bucagu Charles n’Umuyobozi w’Umushinga KIIWP ufasha mu bikorwa byo kuhira no kubona ingemwe z’ibiti, Ku ikubitiro hakaba hahembwe abahinzi 24 mu gihe abagomba guhembwa bose ari 124.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> [[Dosiye:On_a_tree_planting_campaign.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti |124x124px]] == Imbuto == Ubuso buhinzeho imbuto bungana na hegitari 1,369 mu Mirenge ya Murama, Kabarondo na Remera, izi mbuto zikaba zuhirwa hifashishijwe amatiyo azamura amazi mu kiyaga gihangano cya Gishanda n’andi mahema afata amazi. Bucagu akaba yasabye abahinzi gukomeza gufata neza ibiti by’imbuto kuko ari isoko y’ubukungu bafite mu minsi iri imbere ntimuratangira gusarura ni bwo muzabona ko mutaruhiye ubusa. Imbuto zizabaha amafaranga menshi kandi n’abana banyu bazatangira kugira imirire myiza.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] 7l09qmktxovwn3dq9i8u2iw9duknkpr Ibiti by’imyembe i kayonza 0 14029 137391 133366 2026-09-15T14:41:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137391 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mango tree with fruit in Rincón, Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|igiti cyumwembe|138x138px]] [[Dosiye:Mango 'Julie' Fruits.jpg|left|thumb|147x147px]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:GREEN MANGO (6).jpg|thumb|imyembe|150x150px]] Abaturage baravuga ko bari gutema ibiti by'imyembe bitewe n’udukoko tw'utumumatirizi twatumye bidatanga umusaruro uretse guteza umwanda gusa. Bavuga ko hatagize igikorwa imyembe yaba amateka mur’iyi ntara. Nimugihe ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubuhinzi n'ubworozi (RAB) kigira inama abaturage yo kudatema ibyo biti kuko hari abakozi bacyo bari kuzenguruka igihugu bigisha abaturage uko babirinda utwo dukoko.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/iburasirazuba-udukoko-twateje-ikibazo-ibiti-byimyembe-hari-impungenge-ko-yaba-amateka |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221104532/https://www.isangostar.rw/iburasirazuba-udukoko-twateje-ikibazo-ibiti-byimyembe-hari-impungenge-ko-yaba-amateka |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://bwiza.com/?Kayonza-Abaturage-bibasirwa-n-amapfa-barasaba-Leta-kubagezaho-uburyo-bwo-kuhira</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/10/kayonza-hatangijwe-umushinga-wo-gutera-ibiti-byimbuto-ibihumbi-400-mu-kurwanya-inzara/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221104544/https://umuseke.rw/2021/10/kayonza-hatangijwe-umushinga-wo-gutera-ibiti-byimbuto-ibihumbi-400-mu-kurwanya-inzara/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Mango_tree_in_the_house.jpg|thumb|igiti cy'imyembe |186x186px]] == Udukoko ibiti == [[Dosiye:Mangoes in an Indian farm.jpg|thumb|igiti cy'umwembe|140x140px]] Udukoko twayogoje ibiti by’imbuto tuzwi ku izina ry’umutaririzi dukomeje guhangayikisha abaturage bafite ibyo biti, cyane cyane imyembe. Abafite ibyamaze kurwara  utwo dukoko,bavuga ko mbere babonaga umusaruro mwinshi w’imbuto z’imyembe ariko ubu nta kizere bafite cyo kuzongera kuyirya.Abaturage bo mu turere twa Ngoma, Kirehe, Kayonza na Rwamagana babwiye Isango Star, ko hatagize igikorwa kur’iki kibazo imbuto z’imyembe zaba amateka mu ntara yabo kandi bari basanzwe bayeza.Umwe, yagize ati: ''“[imyembe] twarayezaga myinshi ariko ubu turi kubona biri guhinduka. Indwara y’ibiti niyo iri gutuma imyembe itaza. Ubu kurya imyembe ntabwo bizongera.''Undi ati: ''“ Habaga imyembe kuburyo abantu baryaga bose bagasagurira n’amasoko. Ubu imyembe yarapfuye kubera ubwo bukoko bavuga ngo ni ubumatirizo.''<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Mangos - single and halved.jpg|thumb|umwembe|151x151px]] == Imyembe == Ubusanzwe mu bice bitandukanye byo mu ntara y’Iburasirazuba hahoze ibiti byinshi by’imyembe ariko mur’iki gihe hari ubutayu, nk’uko bishimangirwa n’umuturage wo mu karere ka Ngoma, Umurenge wa Jarama.Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare (NISR) kigaragaza ko umusaruro w’imbuto mu gihugu wagabanutse hagati ya 2019 na 2021. Mu gihembwe cy’ihinga A cya 2019, kuri hegitare hasaruwe ibiro 1 291, naho igihembwe cya B hasarurwa ibiro 1 111.Bigeze muri 2020, mu gihembwe cy’ihinga A, kuri hegitare hasaruwe ibiro 988, naho igihembwe B hasaruwe ibiro  1 068.Ni mu gihe mu 2021 mu gihembwe cy’ihinga A,hegitari yasaruweho ibiro 1 018, naho igihembwe B hasarurwaho ibiro 1 050. Ibi byerekana ko hatagize igikorwa, imbuto by’umwihariko imyembe yaba umugani mu bari basanzwe bayirya.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] pma5vap9t764lnv0yaussv45v9nukwp Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe 0 14036 137321 133376 2026-09-15T14:24:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137321 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Falling rain in mexico.jpg|thumb|Imvura nyinshi|157x157px]] [[Dosiye:Thunder lightning Garajau Madeira 289985700.jpg|thumb|iteganyagihe|141x141px]] [[Dosiye:Abantu.jpg|left|thumb|148x148px|imvura]] == Intangiriro == Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe (Meteo Rwanda) cyatangaje ko mu [[Rwanda]] hateganyijwe ibihe by’imvura nyinshi hagati ya tariki 10 n’iya 20 Ugushyingo 2022, ishobora kuzatera kwangirika kw’ibikorwaremezo bitabungabunzwe neza.<ref>[https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ikigo-cy-igihugu-gishinzwe-iteganyagihe-cyaburiye-abaturwarwanda-ku-mvura#! https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ikigo-cy-igihugu-gishinzwe-iteganyagihe-cyaburiye-abaturwarwanda-ku-mvura#!]</ref><ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/meteo-rwanda-yatangaje-ko-igihembwe-cyumuhindo-kizarangwa-nimvura-nke</ref> == Imvura == [[Dosiye:Izuba iyo riserutse.jpg|thumb|Izuba igihe rirengera|139x139px]] ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe (Meteo Rwanda), iki kigo kivuga ko [[imvura]] nyinshi iteganyijwe mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|ntara y’Amajyaruguru]], [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] n’[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] ukuyemo agace k’Amayaga. Inateganyijwe kandi mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba n’[[Umujyi wa Kigali]], aho bizaterwa ahanini n’isangano ry’imiyaga ihehereye ituruka mu Nyanja ngari ya Atlantique n’iy’u [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]].<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/meteo-rwanda-yagaragaje-iteganyagihe-ry-imvura-izagwa-mu-gihe-cy-umuhindo</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyi-mvura-izakomeza-kugwa-kugeza-mu-kwezi-kwa-gatandatu-meteo-rwanda</ref> == Ibipimo == ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe kivugako Iyi mvura nyinshi iteganyijwe iri hagati ya milimetero 80 na 240 mu minsi 10. Meteo Rwanda, yavuze ko imvura nyinshi iteganyijwe izagira ingaruka zirimo; imyuzure hafi y’imigezi n’ibishanga, inkangu ahantu hatarwanyijwe isuri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/hateganyijwe-imvura-nke-mu-mezi-ya-nzeri-nukuboza-meteo-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221122205/https://panorama.rw/hateganyijwe-imvura-nke-mu-mezi-ya-nzeri-nukuboza-meteo-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/METEO-Rwanda-irateguza-abaturage-ko-imvura-yitumba-izagwa-mu-mezi-3</ref> == Ibinyabiziga == [[Dosiye:Purple rain on roof.jpg|thumb|161x161px|Imvura]] ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe iteganyagihe kivugako imvura Izatera kandi kutareba neza imbere ku batwaye ibinyabiziga, bikaba bishobora guteza impanuka. Hari ingaruka ziterwa n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’imivu y’amazi no kwangirika kw’ibikorwaremezo bitabungabunzwe neza n’ibindi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230221122205/http://www.rebero.co.rw/2022/02/18/iteganyagihe-ryigihembwe-cyitumba-werurwe-mata-gicurasi-2022/</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CToBgKquDto</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Imvura]] 3uuiit71y9mfadbgyind2t0fe2skzx6 Ishyamba rya Busaga 0 14059 137774 127981 2026-09-15T17:10:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Drevesa in pot.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]] [[Dosiye:Gishwati Natural Forest 02.jpg|left|thumb]] == Intangiriro == Ishyamba kimeza rya Busaga riherereye mu Mudugudu wa Muyebe, mu Kagali ka Ruhango, Umurenge wa Rongi, mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Karere ka Muhanga]]. Ishyamba kimeza rya Busaga rifite ubuso bwa Hegitari 154, niryo ryonyine rigaragara mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Karere ka Muhanga]], kuko andi mashyamba ahari ni ay’abaturage bateye.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/04/muhanga-ishyamba-kimeza-rya-busaga-ryahinduriye-imibereho-abarituriye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221183147/https://umuseke.rw/2022/04/muhanga-ishyamba-kimeza-rya-busaga-ryahinduriye-imibereho-abarituriye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mail.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/perezida-kagame-yasabye-abo-mu-ndiza-ubufatanye-nk-ubwabaranze-barwanya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221183146/http://mail.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/perezida-kagame-yasabye-abo-mu-ndiza-ubufatanye-nk-ubwabaranze-barwanya |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ishyamba == [[Dosiye:Fishlake National Forest, Fish Lake Basin, Red Aspen (29038103583).jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]] Abaturiye ishyamba kimeza rya Busaga bavuga ko mbere y’uko rishyirwa mu hantu nyaburanga, abaturage barijyagamo bakaryangiza, kuko bicaga inyamaswa bakanatema ibiti biririmo bashaka gutashya inkwi.Bakavuga ko aho rishyiriwe mu hantu nyaburanga, ryashyizweho uruzitiro n’abarinzi nta muturage n’umwe ubasha kwinjiramo, keretse abaje gusoromamo imiti gakondo gusa. umwe mu baturiye ishyamba akaba ari n’umurinzi waryo, avuga ko nta muturage utinyuka ngo abashe kwinjiramo kuko atinya Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze mu Mudugudu, mu Kagari, Umurenge, abarinzi cyangwa abaturage.<ref name=":0" /> == Umiti == [[Dosiye:Forest (179).jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]] enshi mu baturage bamaze gusobanukirwa n’akamaro ribafitiye, kuko usibye imiti gakondo bakuramo, ishyamba rikurura imvura no mu gihe abatuye mu bindi bice baba batayifite bo bakayibona no mu gihe cy’impeshyi.Hareshya ba Mukerarugendo kuva mu mwaka wa 2013. Ni ishyamba rikomye, ririmo amoko atandukanye y’inyamaswa, inyoni n’ibiti bya kimeza birebire, avuga ko usibye kuba ribazanira imvura, abavuzi ba gakondo ariho bakura imiti yo kuvura abarwayi n’amatungo yabo.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Gasumba shyamba.jpg|thumb|Gasumba shyamba]] == Inyamaswa == Iri shyamba kandi ribamo amoko y’inyamaswa atandukanye arimo inkima, imondo, impimbi, ingunzu, hakabamo inuma, ibuhunyira, ubwoko bw’inzoka zirimo impoma, incarwatsi n’imbarabara. Abarituriye bavuga ko mu biti by’ingenzi birebire biri muri iri shyamba, harimo umwavu, umuyove, umusebeya, n’umurangara.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba]] rk062cl5wsgvfbg3tafgych6jcn52sv Umushinga ‘Girinzu’ 0 14098 137702 110294 2026-09-15T16:57:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137702 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inzu inzu.jpg|thumb|Inzu]] [[Dosiye:Marcq rang rue de la malterie.jpg|thumb|Amacumbi]] '''Girinzu''' ni umwe mu mishinga y’amacumbi aciriritse ugamije kuziba icyuho cy’amacumbi ibihumbi 310 Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] ukeneye ngo utuze abantu bawo heza kandi neza bitarenze mu mwaka 2032. == Tumenye Umushinga Girinzu == Bikomoka ku bunararibonye bwa Eng. [[Stéphane Monceaux]], inzobere mu bwubatsi wakoze ku mishinga y’ubwubatsi itandukanye hirya no hino ku Isi mu myaka 25 ishize, akaba ari mu bubatsi bakomeye, bizerwa mu [[Ubufaransa]]. We na Me Wibabara bafatanyije gushinga uyu mushinga wa [[Girinzu]] mu myaka itatu ishize.<ref name=":0">http://mobile.igihe.com/imyubakire/article/tujyane-i-gahanga-mu-umutuzo-umudugudu-ugamije-uzoroshya-gutunga-inzu-mu</ref>Igice cya mbere cy’Umushinga wa Girinzu uzwi nka [[Gahanga]] I cyiswe ‘Umutuzo’. Ukihagera wasanganirwa n’inzu za mbere zuzuye ku ruhande, hari abakozi batandukanye babisikana n’imodoka n’imashini z’ubwubatsi, ngo umwaka wa 2022 urangire inzu zose ziteganyijwe mu gice cya mbere zibonetse.Umushinga Girinzu utangira, bari bafite igishushanyo mbonera cy’uko bifuzaga kubaka ayo macumbi, cyakora Eng. Monceaux avuga ko bagiye bavugurura, bigendanye n’ibyifuzo abakiliya batanze.<ref name=":0" />Hari abagiye bazaga buri umwe avuga ati ndashaka ko mu hamera hatya, byatumye hari amavugurura amwe dukora kuri izi nzu. Inzu zizakomeza kugenda zubakwa hakurikijwe ibyo abakiliya bashaka.Bavuze ko mu gihe bagikomeje gusoza kubaka Gahanga batangiye kubaka Gahanga hafi y’Umurenge wa Gahanga, nayo izaba igizwe n’inzu ziciriritse kandi zigezweho.Mu mwaka 2022 bateguye kubaka inzu zisaga 60, mu mwaka 2023 zizaba 120 hanyuma bazamure ingano y’inzu bubaka zigere ku 150 kandi ni ibintu bazakomeza. Ntabwo byaba ari bizima gutangira umushinga ugahita ugenda. == Girinzu kuru Uko Bimeze == Ni inzu zigezweho ukizirebera hanze, bikaba akarusho uzinjiyemo bitewe n’imyubakire yazo yizwe neza bijyanye na gahunda yo kutangiza ibidukikije kandi ikoresha ibikoresho byo mu [[Rwanda]] mu buryo buhendutse ariko bufite uburambe.Mu myaka ibiri ishize, mu kagari ka Kagasa mu Murenge wa Gahanga mu Karere ka Kicukiro, imiturire yari isanzwe, igice kinini kigizwe n’ubuhinzi n’ibindi bikorwa bisanzwe.Uyu munsi si ko bimeze kuko umushinga ‘Girinzu’ watangiye ari inzozi z’Umunyarwandakazi Me Jacqueline Wibabara n’Umufaransa Eng. Stéphane Monceaux, ubu zabaye impamo, Kagasa yahinduye isura yo kwaguka k’umujyi n’ibikorwaremezo.<ref name=":0" />Mu minsi mike ishize hatashywe inzu za mbere 67 z’umushinga Girinzu, ugamije kugabanya icyuho cy’ibura ry’inzu ziciriritse muri [[Kigali]], by’umwihariko ku miryango yifuza kugira inzu muri ako karere. == Ibindi Wamenya kuri Girinzu == Hari inzu zigizwe n’ibyumba bibiri, uruganiriro, ubwogero bumwe bugezweho, igikoni n’ubusitani butunganyiwe neza, zubatswe mu buryo bugeretse. Muri izi nzu, imwe igura miliyoni 35 Frw.Icyiciro cya kabiri kigizwe n’inzu zigeretse rimwe, imwe igizwe n’ibyumba bitatu, uruganiriro, ubwogero n’ubusitani butunganyijwe. Igiciro ni miliyoni zisaga 74 Frw.Icyiciro cya gatatu kigizwe n’inzu zifite ibyumba bine, uruganiriro, ubwogero bubiri, igikoni kigezweho n’ubusitani bugari. Igiciro cya buri imwe ni miliyoni 120Frw.<ref name=":0" />Muri uyu mushinga wa ‘Umutuzo’ uri kubakwa, hateganyijwe ibikorwa remezo bihuriweho n’abahatuye mu rwego rwo kugira hafi ibicyenerwa muri sport nka Piscine, ibibuga bya Basketball, mu mibereho myiza nk’ishyamba rito ryo kuruhukiramo, ubusitani kuri buri nzu, Parikingi, inzu ngari ikorerwamo ubucuruzi n’ibindi bizafasha abazahatura kumererwa neza.Uyu mudugudu wubatswe ku buso bwa hegitari ebyiri, urimo ibice bitatu byubatswe mu buryo butandukanye bitewe n’ushaka gutura, agahitamo iyo ashaka.<ref name=":0" />Uyu mushinga wa Girinzu, ni igikorwa abawugize biyemeje gukora ku buryo habaho itandukaniro n’ibyari bisanzwe. Bashyize imbaraga n’imari mu gushyiraho itsinda ry’abahanga ( Ingénieur civil) bahoraho ba Girinzu, bo kwitabaza igihe bibaye ngombwa. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Inyubako]] gpf56wpwiqx75bvy6oqzhx9w1j0i8e9 Ubuhinzi bw’Inanasi 0 14124 137291 118759 2026-09-15T14:20:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137291 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ananas Arruda 5.jpg|thumb|Uko inanasi ikura mu murima.]] Inanasi ni igihingwa kiri mu biza ku isonga mu kuzamura iterambere ry’abatuye Akarere ka Gakenke, aho byibura buri mwaka batabura umusaruro ufite agaciro ka miliyoni 318, abaturage bakaba bakomeje kugana ubwo buhinzi bagize umwuga, mu rwego rwo kuzamura iterambere ryabo.<ref name=":0" /> == Umusaruro uva mubuhinzi bw'Inanasi == Mu mirenge 19 igize akarere ka Gakenke umunani muri yo yiyemeje guhinga inanasi mu buryo bw’umwuga aho ubuso bwa hegitari 2,600 muri ako karere bwiharirwa n’igihingwa cy’inanasi, mu mwaka hagasarurwa toni zitari munsi ya 2,100.Abakora ubwo buhinzi baremeza ko bukomeje kubazamurira iterambere dore ko bamaze kwibumbira mu makoperative, gukorera hamwe bikaba bikomeje kubafasha guteza imbere ubwo buhinzi.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/gakenke-ubuhinzi-bw-inanasi-bwinjiriza-abaturage-miliyoni-zisaga-300-ku-mwaka</ref> umwe muri abo bahinzi b’inanasi bibumbiye muri Koperative COAFGA, agira ati “Twahisemo kuva mu bindi twita ku buhinzi bw’inanasi nk’igihingwa tubona ko gikomeje kuduteza imbere, ku mwaka twinjiza amafaranga menshi gusumbya ayo twabonaga mu buhinzi busanzwe”. == Intego abahinzi bafite == [[Dosiye:Pineapple Chunks.jpg|thumb|188x188px|Inanasi iteguye neza ku buryo yagaburwa.]] Abahinzi bavuga ko biteguye kongerera agaciro inanasi beza, kugira ngo amafaranga yiyongere banazigemure mu mahanga zumishije, bakaba bafite intego yo kongera ubuso bahingaho inanasi aho bizeye imikoranire myiza n’abafatanyabikorwa bazibagurira, bagahamya ko batazigera babura isoko.<ref name=":0" />Isoko rinini abo baturage bafite ni irya Rwiyemezamirimo Sina Gerald ugura hafi 70% by’inanasi beza, aho azinyuza mu nganda mu rwego rwo kuzongerera agaciro akazibyazamo imitobe n’ibindi, mu gihe izindi ziribwa n’abaturage basanzwe hakaba n’izijyanwa mu masoko hirya no hino mu gihugu.Nkuko mu bizi na gahunda ya leta ihari ni uko abantu bava mu bukene, turi muri gahunda yo kugabanya ubukene ndetse bukazaranduka burundu, kuba rero abantu bari bari mu cyiciro cya mbere uyu munsi bakaba babasha guhinga inanasi bakakivamo ni urugero rwiza abandi bakabaye bareberaho bakabona ko umuntu yahinga akiteza imbere.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/guhinga-inanasi-byatumye-bava-mu-cyiciro-cya-mbere-cyubudehe/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] to9mtdjg2u1om8kxhbsmn41o1xu1zqo Ubuhinzi bwa Karoti 0 14129 137322 114239 2026-09-15T14:25:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vegetable-Carrot-Bundle-wStalks.jpg|thumb|Imboga za Karoti|387x387px]] [[Dosiye:Daucus carota subsp. sativus,Karotten.JPG|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Karoti]] [[Dosiye:Willem Frederik van Royen - The Carrot - WGA20173.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Karoti]] [[Dosiye:Carottes et poireaux de la ferme Grandjard au marché de la place Albert Thomas.jpg|thumb|carroti]] '''Umumaro wa Karoti''' Karoti ni ubwoko bw’imboga bukungahaye kuri vitmini A, B, C na E zifitiye akamaro kanini umubiri w’umuntu mu kuwurinda ubuhumyi n’izindi ndwara, gutuma uruhu rusa neza n’ibindi. Karoti zihingwa mu turere twose tw’u Rwanda, mu butaka buseseka, buhitisha amazi kandi bufumbiye.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-karoti.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-22 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226143646/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-karoti.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Abaturage bo mu Murenge wa Jenda mu Karere ka Nyabihu, bavuga ko bamaze kubona ubukungu bwihishe mu gihingwa cya karoti, bituma bitabira kugihinga, bakaba bemeza ko umusaruro babona ari mwinshi ku buryo utunze igihugu. [[Dosiye:Umuhinzi wa Karoti.jpg|thumb|Umuhinzi wa Karoti]] == Tumenye Igihingwa Karoti == Karoti zihingwa mu murima urambuye cyangwa se mu turima dufite m1,2 mu bugari, uburebure bwo buterwa n’uburebure bw’umurima cyangwa ubushake bw’umuhinzi.Iyo umuhinzi amaze gutegura umurima, kuwufumbira no gutegura uturima ateramo karoti, akora imirimo ikurikira:Guca imirongo igororotse asiga cm 30 hagati yayo,Umurama uterwa uvangwa n’umucanga cyangwa ivu kugira ngo ubucucike bw’umurama bugabanuke,Kuminjira umurama uvanze n’ivu cyangwa umucanga muri ya mirongo,Korosa agataka gake ku murama wanyanyagijwe mu mirongo no Gutwikiriza ibyatsi ahamaze guterwa no kuvomerera.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/nyabihu-barakataje-mu-buhinzi-bwa-karoti</ref>Karoti zimera nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu zitewe.Iyo zameze bakuraho ibyatsi byari bitwikiriye umurima.Iyo karoti zifite cm 5 z’uburebure umuhinzi arazicira, agasiga nka cm 2 hagati ya karoti n’indi,Igihe cyose hamezemo ibyatsi karoti zigomba kubagarwa kandi zikanasukirwa.Ni byiza kuvomerera karoti mu gihe imvura itagwa kugira ngo ubutaka bugumane ubuhehere kandi kroti zikure neza . Bavomerera mu gitondo izuba ritararasa na nimugoroba izuba rirenze.<ref name=":0" /> == Umusaruro uva mugihingwa Karoti == Karoti ziba zeze neza nyuma y’amezi atatu kugeza kuri ane zitewe. Ikigaragaza ko karoti zeze neza ni uko amababi yazo atangira kuba umuhodo, akagenda yuma ahereye kuyo hejuru. Ikindi kandi ubutaka buriyasa ku buryo bugaragara.Umusaruro wa karoti kuri ari 1 (m10x10) uri hagati ya kg 150 na kg 200. Ni ukuvuga ko kuri hegitari (m 100x 100) umusaruro wa karoti uri hagati ya Toni 15 na 20.Ni byiza ko karoti zisarurwa zigiye guhita zitekwa. Icyo gihe uhera ku zigargaza ko zeze neza ( amababi yzo yarhindutse umuhondo kandi atangiye kuma), ndetse inkondo zazo zigaragara aho ubutaka bwiyashije.<ref name=":1" />Iyo karoti zahingiwe kugurishwa na bwo zisarurwa bahita bazijyana ku isoko. Ni ngombwa kuzirandura neza batazikomeretsa kuko byazitesha igiciro cyiza ku isoko.Karoti zishobora kubikwa mu butaka mu gihe kingana n’ukwezi kumwe nta cyo zibaye.Karoti kandi zishobora kubikwa mu byuma bikonjesha (frigos/fridges) cyangwa ibyumba bikonje byabugenewe (cold rooms/chambres froides), zikaba zamara igihe kiri hagati y’ukwezi n’amezi atandatu. Aho karoti zibikwa ntihagomba kuba hari imbuto zitwa pome( pomme/apples) cyangwa puware (poires/pears) kuko karoti zifata impumuro y’izo mbuto.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibindi Wamenya == [[Dosiye:KarottenZwiebeln 266.JPG|thumb|ubuhinzi bw'akaroti]] Abenshi mu bahinzi ba karoti bavuga ko nta kindi gihingwa bashobora gusimbuza karoti ngo babone inyungu nk’iyo bavana muri karoti. Bavuga ko batajya bahura n’ikibazo cy’ubukene kubera icyo gihingwa.bavuze ko icyo gihingwa kibabeshejeho aho kibafasha mu kubona indyo yuzuye, bakazohereza no mu bindi bice by’igihugu.<ref name=":1" />Uburyo abo baturage bapanga umusaruro wabo wa karoti mu mifuka, butangaza benshi banyura muri iyo santere baturutse ahandi Ubwo buryo bwihariye bwo gupanga izo karoti aho umufuka ureshya na Metero ebyiri, bikurura benshi mu baguzi aho karoti nyinshi ari izirenga ku mufuka, kuri uwo mufuka upakiye umuhinzi agahabwa amafaranga ibihumbi 50 y’u Rwanda.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] nr6bcrleeqptu72skfo2erzk0w2dtdb Imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi 0 14139 137715 120398 2026-09-15T17:00:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Redirected page to [[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe]] 137715 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe]] hufhje964yyzs0xolgi0pvs1u3u2zu0 Umutingito uremereye muri Haiti 0 14144 137484 110809 2026-09-15T15:48:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137484 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:990921중앙119구조본부 대만 921 대지진 출동13.jpg|thumb|Umutingito|180x180px]] [[Dosiye:Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg|thumb|Amazu yasenywe numutingito|174x174px]] [[Dosiye:Izmir earthquake aftermath (cropped).jpg|thumb|171x171px|Umutingito]] Umutingito ni ibyago byaje byiyongera ku rupfu rw’Umukuru w’igihugu cya [[Hayiti|Haiti]] wapfuye arashwe n’abantu bamusanze iwe.Mu gihugu cya [[Hayiti|Haiti]] , hatangajwe urupfu rw’abantu 1,297 bishwe n’umutingito wabaye kuri tariki 15, Kanama mu mwaka 2021 waje uremereye ndetse ukaba waranangije ibikorwa remezo byinshi.<ref name=":0">https://www.teradignews.rw/haiti-nyuma-yo-gupfusha-perezida-bibasiwe-numutingito-uremereye-umaze-guhitana-benshi/</ref>Umutingito wabaye muri kiriya gihugu wari ufite ubukana bungana na 7.2 ku gipimo cya Richter.Iki ni igipimo gifite ubukana kuko uherutse kuba mu [[Rwanda]] no muri Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya [[Kongo|Congo]] ugasiga usenye byinshi wari ufite ubukana bungana na 5.1.<ref name=":0" />Nyuma y’umutingito wabaye muri kiriya gihugu cy’ikirwa kiri mu Nyanja ya Atlantic, ibihugu bituranye nacyo byari biri gukora uko bishoboye ngo bitabare.Ubutabazi bwari buri gukorwa ngo harebwe niba hari abantu batabarwa bagakurwa hejuru y’ibinonko n’inkuta zabagwiriye. == Ingaruka z'Umutingito wabaye muri Haiti == Icyari giteye inkecye ni uko hari ubwoba bw’uko uriya mutingito ushobora gukurikirwa n’umwuzure witwa Tsunami ndetse n’umuyaga ufite ingufu mu gace Haiti iherereyemo.kandi abantu 5,700 nibo babaruwe ko bakomeretse.Inzu zo guturamo n’amaduka nabyo byasenyutse.<ref name=":0" />Abaturage ba Haiti baraye hanze banga ko baza kugwirwa n’inzu kandi babikora barayobowe ko hari imvura nyinshi yari iteganyijwe mu kirere cy’igihugu cyabo. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] g8rfp2l7x6hzidrlevur4k018iioaez Kuhira Imyaka muri Burera 0 14171 137454 112785 2026-09-15T15:15:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kuhira.jpg|thumb|Kuhirira Imyaka muri Burera]] [[Dosiye:Watering the garden.jpg|thumb|Kwuhira hakoreshejwe amatiyo]] [[Dosiye:THE HARVEST TRANSPORTER.jpg|thumb|gusarura muri burera]] [[Dosiye:Irrigation through sprinkler.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Ikibumbano kwita kubinyabuzima.jpg|thumb|kuhira]] == Intangiriro == Hashize ukwezi mu [[Akarere ka Burera|Karere ka Burera]] mu Gishanga cya NYIRABIRANDE  habereye  umuhango wo gutangiza gahunda yo kuhira imyaka mu mpeshyi k’ubufatanye  bw’Abasirikare  n’[[Abaturage Rusange|Abaturage]](RDF  Citizev Out Reach Program).Mu mihigo y’[[Akarere ka Burera]] buri gihe habamo umuhigo wo kongera umusaruro ku bihingwa byatoranijwe  cyane cyane ibigori  n’ibirayi.Aho ibigori bigomba gutanga umusaruro wa Ton 6 kuri Ha naho ibirayi bigatanga umusaruro ungana na Toni 32 kuri Ha.<ref name=":0">https://radiotv10.rw/burera-abahinzi-bibishyimbo-barasaba-koroherezwa-kubona-ibiti-byo-gushingiriza/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/tujyane-gusura-ibiyaga-bya-burera-na-ruhondo-ubeho-nk-umwami-ku-kirwa-amafoto</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/burera-menya-inkomoko-y-izina-ry-agasanteri-kazwi-nka-mfashumwana</ref> [[Dosiye:Impeshyi.jpg|thumb|Impeshyi, igihe cy'izuba]] == Impeshyi == Muri ikigihe cy’impeshyi akarere kakaba karafashe ingamba zikomeye kugira ngo umusaruro utazagabanuka  kuko muri Burera hari ibishanga  26 ,bifite ubuso bungana na Ha 1300 byose bihinzemo ibirayi bikiri bitoya bizasarurwa mu  mezi abiri ari imbere kandi  muri icyo guihe izuba riba rimeze nabi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/Burera-Barasabwa-gutera-ibiti-bakanabibungabunga-kuko-bazi-akamaro-kabyo</ref> [[Dosiye:Woman watering crops, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Kuhira]] == Kuhira == Mu ngamba Akarere kafashe  harimo  gushaka uburyo bwose  bwatuma umusaruro  ubomba guhora wiyongera no mugihe cy’impeshyi  hakoreshejwe  kuhira imyaka  ihinzwe muri ayamezi y’izuba    yiswe igihembwe cy’ibhinga C . Ni muri urwo rwego haguzwe imashini zuhira imyaka  zigera kuri 36 zihabwa amakoperative  y’abahinzi kugira ngo azifashishe mugikorwa cyo kuhira imyaka .Kubera ubunini bw’ibishanga Ingabo z’u Rwanda n’ubwo zari zifite ibikorwa byinshi kandi binyuranye biteganijwe   muri gahunda ya  RDF COP zasanze zigomba gutanga umusanzu muri iki gikorwa cyo kuhira imyaka.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] 6eq3hdud81hs6fq1tcp9kcn4o5gqrke Cana rumwe i musanze 0 14182 137292 122645 2026-09-15T14:20:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137292 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Malagasy biogaz production.png|left|thumb|159x159px]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Department of Children Head Office Ghana.jpg|thumb|Akarer ka Musanze|121x121px]] Bamwe mu baturage bo mu Murenge wa Muko mu [[Akarere ka Musanze|Karere ka Musanze]], bahawe amashyiga yo gutekaho arondereza inkwi azwi nka ‘Cana rumwe’, baravuga ko bagiye guca ukubiri n’imyotsi yajyaga ibatera indwara zo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandatribune.com/musanze-imiryango-2-100-yahawe-amashyiga-ya-cana-rumwe-iravuga-ko-iciye-ukubiri-nimyotsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-23 |archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223073321/https://rwandatribune.com/musanze-imiryango-2-100-yahawe-amashyiga-ya-cana-rumwe-iravuga-ko-iciye-ukubiri-nimyotsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/shyogwe-abaturage-1-009-bahawe-amashyiga-ya-cana-rumwe-azabakemurira-ikibazo-cy-inkwi</ref> == Igikorwa == [[Dosiye:Amashyiga ya kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|140x140px|Amashyiga ya Kinyarwanda]] Iki gikorwa cyakozwe n’umushinga DeLAGua usanzwe utanga aya mashyiga mu rwego rwo kurandura ingaruka n’indwara ziterwa n’imyotsi ndetse no kurengera ibidukikije kuko aya mashyiga akoresha inkwi nkeya. Aya mashyiga afite agaciro k’ibihumbi 70 Frw, yahawe imiryango 2 100 yo mu Murenge wa Muko mu Karere ka Musanze.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Indonesian brick stove.jpg|thumb|112x112px|Ishyiga rirondereza inkwi]] == Cana rumwe ku baturage == abaturage bavuga ko abari basanzwe batekesha amakara, bahendwaga cyane dore ko muri iki gihe abona umugabo agasiba undi, iyi gahunda bari kuyikora ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima kuko afasha abaturage kutarwara indwara zifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero ziterwa n’imyotsi nk’ibihaha ndetse n’izifata amaso.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyiga]] f75too3enqukmrrvdwpsq66pmpbi7de Cana rumwe i Kamonyi 0 14184 137293 116029 2026-09-15T14:21:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137293 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Indonesian brick stove.jpg|thumb|125x125px|Ishyiga ]] [[Dosiye:Amashyiga ya kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|164x164px|Amashyiga Ku Kamonyi]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Amashyiga 01.jpg|thumb|161x161px|Amashyiga y'amakorano]] [[Dosiye:Malagasy biogaz production.png|thumb]] Abasigajwe inyuma n’amateka bo mu Kagari ka Kagina, mu Murenge wa Runda mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Karere ka Kamonyi]] bakora umwuga w’ububumbyi, batangaza ko kuva kuri gakondo bagakora ububumbyi bw’ishyiga rya “[[Cana rumwe]]” byabongereye umusaruro; kuko amashyiga bakora afite agaciro gakubye inshuro eshatu izo bakoraga mbere.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/kamonyi-ishyiga-rya-cana-rumwe-ryongereye-umusaruro-w-ababumbyi</ref><ref>https://impuruza.net/?p=3386</ref> == Ubumwe == Ababumbyi b’ishyiga rya Cana rumwe bibumbiye muri Koperative “Ubumwe” batangiye kubumba aya mashyiga mu mwaka wa 2011. Icyo gihe bahawe amahugurwa na Minisiteri y’ibikorwa remezo ifatanyije n’icyari ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu, [[amazi]], [[isuku]] n’isukura (EWSA), hagamijwe kurengera [[ibidukikije]] hagabanywa ibicanwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Cana Rumwe == Iri shyiga abarikoresha bavuga ko ritwara inkwi nke kuko ridashobora gukwirwamo imyase myinshi icyarimwe. Abaribumba bo bavuga ko ryabafashije kuva mu bukene bakabasha kwibonera bimwe mu byo ingo zabo zikenera, kuko ngo bagereranyije n’amafaranga yavaga mu mbabura zisanzwe bagurishaga amafaranga y’u Rwanda 300 frw, cana rumwe yo bayigurisha amafaranga 1000.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyiga]] qrl5ybrm7p5ux94nimljag5xk6b6cq8 Gahunda yo kugabanya igiciro cy’ifu n’icy’ifumbire muri Kenya 0 14189 137323 116039 2026-09-15T14:25:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fertilizer_prices.webp|thumb|Igishushanyo cy'uko ufumbire yagiye izamuka[[Dosiye:Flexible intermediate bulk containers-Fertilizer.jpg|thumb|127x127px|Ifumbire mvaruganda]]|130x130px]]Ubuzima buhenze ngo ni ikibazo kigoye Abanya-Kenya benshi, aho ubu ngo ikipi y’ibiro bibiri by’ifu y’ubugari yazamutse ikava ku Mashilingi ya Kenya Ijana ikagera kuri magana abiri.Abanya-Kenya benshi ngo bari bamaze iminsi bataka kubera kuzamuka kw’ifu aho ipaki y’ibiro bibiri igura 200KSH ivuye ku 100KSH, ariko Perezida Ruto yarabahumurije avuga ko yatangiye ibiganiro na Minisiteri ishinzwe iby’ubuhinzi, kandi ko ibintu bizagenda neza.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/kenya-perezida-ruto-yiyemeje-kugabanya-igiciro-cy-ifu-n-icy-ifumbire</ref> == Gahunda bateguye == [[Dosiye:Manure spreading Hlokozi 2007 11 29.jpg|thumb|Ifumbire|116x116px]] Imvura nkeya igitangira kugwa, twatangiye gushyiraho gahunda zo gushaka uko hari imifuka miliyoni 1.4 y’ifumbire izaboneka ku buryo bworoshye, aho umufuka w’ibiro 50, uzagura 3500KSH,uvuye ku 6500 KSH’’.<ref name=":0" />Perezida Ruto yavuze ko ibyo biciro bishya by’ifumbire bizatangira gukurikizwa kizahera ku itariki 19 Nzeri mu mwaka 2022, ibyo bigakorwa Guverinoma igerageza kuvugurura urwego rw’ubuhinzi muri icyo gihugu.kandi yatangaje ko azazamura imishinga minini izafasha icyo gihugu gukomeza gutera imbere mu bijyanye n’ubukungu. [[Dosiye:घुरुवा.jpg|thumb|Uko batunganya ifumbire ukomoka kubimera |126x126px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 7g61we0qj1oou0ds7crbjemqf7xrtpy Inkwi 0 14191 137324 117790 2026-09-15T14:25:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137324 wikitext text/x-wiki == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Umutwaro_w'inkwi.jpg|thumb|184x184px|Umutwaro w'inkwi]]Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo ifatanyije n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i [[Burayi]] mu mwaka wa 2020 mu turere twose tw’ u [[Rwanda]] bwerekanye ko ingo zikoresha inkwi gusa mu guteka mu Rwanda zigera kuri 80.37% mu gihe abagikoresha amashyiga y’amabuye atatu bagera kuri 69.4%.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Ihurizo-rikomeye-ku-cyasimbura-inkwi-mu-nganda-zicyayi-mu-Rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abasaga-80-mu-rwanda-baracyakoresha-inkwi-mu-guteka-ubushakashatsi</ref> [[File:Gutora inkwi mu ishyamba.jpg|thumb|Gutora inkwi mu ishyamba|235x235px]] [[Dosiye:Kwenyegeza.jpg|thumb|Gutekesha inkwi|189x189px|left]] == Ubushakashatsi ku gucana Inkwi == Ubu bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku ngo zigera ku 5,020 ziganjemo izo mu bice by’icyaro, bwakusanyije amakuru ku mikoreshereze y’ibicanwa ndetse n’uburyo bwo guteka bukoreshwa n’Abanyarwanda.<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/imyotsi-y-imodoka-n-iyo-gutekesha-inkwi-ku-isonga-mu-bihumanya-ikirere-cy-u</ref> == Inkwi n’amashyiga == Uretse inkwi n’[[Ishyiga|amashyiga]] gakondo, ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ubundi buryo bwo guteka bugenda bwitabirwa gahoro gahoro. Abasubije ko bayobotse gukoresha gaze bagera kuri 5.65%. Ugereranije n’imibare yaherukaga kugaragazwa n’Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibarurishamibare mu mwaka wa 2017, usanga uyu mubare ugenda wiyongera kuko icyo gihe wari kuri 1.15% gusa. Icyakora mu mijyi uyu mubare uri hejuru ku kigero cya 25.6%.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Gahunda-yo-kugabanya-ikoreshwa-ryamakara-ninkwi-bigeze-he</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyiga]] qdp7zma1rsyd07lkssio94lekzg5nml Ibiti by'imbuto muri Nyaruguru 0 14220 137531 111352 2026-09-15T15:54:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fruit Stall in Barcelona Market.jpg|left|thumb]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Close_up_of_Fresh_Guava_Fruit_on_the_Tree.jpg|thumb|Amapera ]] Abatuye mu Tugari twa Gahurizo na Rugerero mu Murenge wa Kivu mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Karere ka Nyaruguru]], bavuga ko bifuza ingemwe zihagije z’ibiti by’[[imbuto]] kugira ngo babashe kurya indyo iboneye, banasagurire amasoko.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/nyaruguru-barifuza-ingemwe-zihagije-z-ibiti-by-imbuto</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/nyaruguru-ntibagiharanira-gutera-ibiti-bitatu-by-imbuto-ahubwo-ibirenze-icumi</ref> [[Dosiye:Avocado_Hass_-_single_and_halved.jpg|thumb|avoka ]] [[Dosiye:Persea_americana_fruit_2.JPG|thumb|avoka ]] [[Dosiye:Mango_Bunch.jpg|thumb|igiti imyembe ]] == Ingemwe z’ibiti == Bagaragaje iki cyifuzo ubwo bashyikirizwaga ingemwe z’[[Ibiti byimeza|ibiti]] zisaga ibihumbi 51, n’Ihuriro ry’amakoperative y’abahinzi buzuzanya (UNICOOPAGI) tariki 24 Mutarama 2023. Ni ingemwe z’ibiti zirimo iz’imbuto zisaga ibihumbi 12 n’iz’ibiti bindi zisaga ibihumbi 39, harimo ibivangwa n’imyaka ndetse n’ibitakiba mu biturage bisigaye muri Nyungwe gusa. Muri byo harimo imisave, imifu, imivumu n’imizibaziba.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Mangifera_indica_(Manguier_4).jpg|thumb|Imyembe ihiye ]] == Ingemwe Bifuza == [[Dosiye:Guava_ID.jpg|thumb|amapera ]] Nk’imizibaziba bayifashisha mu kwivura no kuvura amatungo. Hari n’ibyo bagiye bahitamo kuko bivamo imbaho. Ni abaturage bagiye bihitiramo ibyo bakeneye, umuryango ICRAF na wo ukadufasha guhitamo ibiberanye n’agace bifuza kubihingamo. Ingemwe z’ibiti by’imbuto batahanye ni marakuja n’ibinyomoro bagiye gutera bishimye kuko ngo babyitezeho kuvugurura imibereho, haba ku bw’intungamubiri ndetse n’amafaranga nk’uko babyivugira.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ibicu.com/nyaruguruhatewe-ibiti-byimbuto-32000-mu-byumweru-bibiri/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-23 |archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223102018/https://ibicu.com/nyaruguruhatewe-ibiti-byimbuto-32000-mu-byumweru-bibiri/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:TreeTomato.JPG|thumb|TreeTomato]] [[Dosiye:Ikinyomoro-Treetomato.jpg|thumb|Ikinyomoro-Treetomato]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] lzs9o6fbhjive7uohfl81ds6l9v69m3 Inturusu za mayideni 0 14261 137607 111433 2026-09-15T16:44:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137607 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inturusu.jpg|thumb|Inturusu ya Mayideni|147x147px]] [[Dosiye:Eucalyptus globulus (Blue Gum) Crater Rd., Maui May 20, 2016 (26869333750).jpg|thumb|154x154px|Ishyamba ryibiti bya mayideni]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Gishwati Natural Forest 01.jpg|left|thumb]] Inturusu ni [[igiti]] kizwi cyane, Hari ababitera ku mihanda, hari n’abatera [[ishyamba]] ry’inturusu bagamije ahanini kuzabikoresha nk’imbaho, inkwi, cyangwa kubicamo amakara. Ariko se mwari muzi ko inturusu ubundi ari igiti cyifitemo imiti y’indwara zitandukanye. inturusu ngo ni igiti gikomoka muri Australia, hakabaho ubwoko butandukanye bw’inturusu burenga 100.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/inturusu-igiti-cyifitemo-imiti-y-indwara-zitandukanye</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Nyiramunukanabi-ninturusu-imari-ishyushye-ku-batuye-i-Kirehe-na-Rutsiro</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubuzima/coronavirus/article/rbc-yaburiye-abakoresha-indimu-tangawizi-n-inturusu-bivura-covid-19</ref> == Inturusu zivura == * [[Dosiye:Eucalyptus flowers2.jpg|thumb|inturuzi|138x138px]][[Dosiye:1 Eucalyptus globulus juvenile.jpg|thumb|148x148px|Ishami ryigiti cyinturusu ya mayideni]]'''Eucalyptus globulus''' ni inturusu izwiho kwigiramo ubushobozi bwo gufasha umuntu warwaye akagira umuriro mwinshi. Impumuro y’ibibabi by’iyo nturusu ituma bikoreshwa mu mavuta n’amasabune y’ubwiza atandukanye. iyi nturusu izwiho kuba igira akamaro cyane mu nzira z’ubuhumekero ni ukuvuga mu mazuru, umuhogo, amatwi, n’ibihaha. Inturusu irinda kubyimbirwa, ikindi kandi ikoreshwa mu miti ivura indwara nka bronchite (irangwa no gukorora igihe kirekire ariko itandura), ibicurane, inkorora, na sinisite. Inturusu ikoreshwa mu gukora imiti itandukanye, yaba imiti y’amazi (sirops), imiti yo kwisiga (pomades), imiti yo kunyunguta nka bombo (pastilles).<ref name=":0" /> * '''inturusu citriodora''' inturusu harimo kuba yarwanya imibu mu nzu.<ref name=":0" /> * '''Inturusu yitwa Globulus''' inturusu y'ifitemo ubushobozi bwo kugabanya urugero rw’isukari mu maraso.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] mbq7a9c0yom9my2zwyhpi08me65e9rg Amateke 0 14269 137325 126472 2026-09-15T14:25:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137325 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:TaroAKL.jpg|thumb|Amateke afata ubutaka mu bishanga|176x176px]] [[Dosiye:Colocasia esculenta dsc07801.jpg|thumb|Amateke|140x140px]] [[Dosiye:Colocasia esculenta var. illustris 0zz.jpg|thumb|Ibibabi by'amateke|147x147px]] == Amateke == [[Dosiye:Songe-Réunion.JPG|left|thumb]] ni ikiribwa gikomoka ku mugabane wa [[Aziya]] yo mu buseruko bushira ubumanuko. Igiterwa c'iteke kirarimwa mu bice vyinshi vyo muri Afirika, ndetse na hano mu Rwanda. Igitsisi giterwa mubutaka mu kuzimu, Bayafungura kandi amababi y'amateke nayo ararirwa bayita igitika cyangwa ibitika, ndetse amateke aribwa nk'ibirayi nayo nyine babanje kuyategura mu kuyateka. Afungurwa nk'imbogarwatsi, bakayita Igitika.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://horahoclinic.rw/health-packages/nutrition-care/article/abenshi-ntibanayazi-ariko-agirira-umubiri-akamaro-gakomeye-amateke |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213050919/http://horahoclinic.rw/health-packages/nutrition-care/article/abenshi-ntibanayazi-ariko-agirira-umubiri-akamaro-gakomeye-amateke |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/Kutamenya-amatika-kw-Abanyarwanda-bituma-abanyamahanga-barayikubiye</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/amakora-cg-ibitika/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224142025/https://umutihealth.com/amakora-cg-ibitika/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:AmaDumbe (Colocasia esculenta).JPG|thumb|149x149px|Ubwoko bw' amateke]] == Umumaro == [[Dosiye:Colocasia esculenta 16zz.jpg|left|thumb]] Amateke ashobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye, hari benshi babifata nk’ibiribwa by’abantu batifashije, nyamara umenye akamaro kayo mu mubiri ari kesnhi, amateke akungahaye cyane ku ntungamubiri nyinshi,nka '''Vitamini A,B,C na E''' zituma umubiri wacu ukora neza.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibindi == * Amateke atera imbaraga * Afasha igogorwa ry’ibiryo kugenda neza * Azamura ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri * Afasha gukora neza kw’amaso * Afasha mu kugabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso * Amateke akomeza amagufa.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] 3kmi5p9upbze1jna86sxi725rcsgttu Gereveriya 0 14304 137392 133771 2026-09-15T14:41:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137392 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2016 Grevillia (31385530231).jpg|thumb|382x382px|Igiti cya gereveriya]] == Ubusobanuro == [[Dosiye:Grevillea_robusta_inflorescences_7th_Brigade_Park_Chermside_L1150207.jpg|thumb|Grevillea]] '''Gereveriya''' ni igiti bishimira kuko kitona kandi gitanga igicucu mu murima imyaka ikera neza, Ibi biti biterwa kubutaka butandukanye, ahari izubaryishi, haba gukora cyangwa gutera amashyamba cyangwa no kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu gice cy'Amayaga,<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ruhango-hamaze-guterwa-ibiti-by-imbuto-ziribwa-ibihumbi-11-mu-mushinga-wo</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/amajyepfo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-25 |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225162836/https://www.isangostar.rw/amajyepfo |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Minisitiri-Kamanzi-arasaba-Abanyagicumbi-gutera-ibiti-birwanya-isuri</ref><ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-uko-kubungabunga-amashyamba-byabaye-igisubizo-cyabahinzi/</ref><ref>https://www.accessagriculture.org/node/21351</ref> === Gereveriya === gereveriya iterwa m'umirima y’abaturage yose, aho iterwa nki ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka, ndetse igafasha mu kuyitera mu mirwanyasuri kandi Ibi biti birafasha kugirango imirima indateguka.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abadipolomate-bakorera-mu-rwanda-bifatanyije-n-abaturage-ba-kamonyi-gutera</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-mushinga-washowemo-miliyari-32-frw-uzafasha-gukumira-ubutayu-ku</ref> [[Dosiye:Grevillea_robusta_flowering_in_Gan_Shmuel01.jpg|thumb|Grevillea ]] [[Dosiye:Grevillea_robusta_flowering_in_Gan_Shmuel01.jpg|thumb|Grevillea robusta flowering in Gan Shmuel01]] [[Dosiye:Ficus_on_silver_oak_IMG_2055.jpg|thumb|Gereveriya]] [[Dosiye:Grevillea_robusta_inflorescences_7th_Brigade_Park_Chermside_L1150210.jpg|thumb|Grevillea ]] [[Dosiye:Starr 040607-9001 Grevillea robusta.jpg|thumb|Grevillea ]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] 4mlasu1iwl15qsiuad5w3ux70tsxz6c Ibidukikije kamere 0 14308 137567 111345 2026-09-15T16:07:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137567 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Coulée verte (2).jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije kamere|176x176px]] [[Dosiye:Hopetoun falls.jpg|thumb|ibidukikije kamere|176x176px]] [[Dosiye:1889 Schischkin Morgen im Pinienwald anagoria.JPG|thumb|168x168px|Inyamaswa mwishyamba bimwe mubigize ibidukikije]] [[Dosiye:Amazi y'isoko rya kibira.jpg|left|thumb]] Ibidukikije kamere urusobe karemano rw’ibinyabuzima n’ibidafite ubuzima biba ku isi, harimo [[ubutaka]], ikuzimu, [[amazi]], [[umwuka]], urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, [[imisozi]] n’ibibaya, ahantu nyaburanga n’inyubako karemano bigira ingaruka ku mibereho y’umuntu ndetse n’ibikorwa by’ubukungu.<ref name=":0">http://ingenzinyayo.com/2021/06/06/gake-ke-coko-kubungabunga-amazi-ava-mu-nganda-ni-iterambere-ritabangamiye-ibidukikije/<nowiki/>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/abangiza-umutungo-kamere-n-ibidukikije-bihanangirijwe</ref> === umutungo kamere === [[Dosiye:Gufata ubutaka.jpg|thumb|Kubungabunga ubutaka|170x170px]] [[Dosiye:Amazi y'isoko rya kibira.jpg|thumb|Amazi nk'umutungo kamere|152x152px]] umutungo kamere ubarizwa mu bidukikije niho usanga hakenewe kongera ubufatanye bwabose ku inzego zose mu kurinda no kubungabunga ibidukikije n’umutungo kamere hagamijwe kugera ku iterambere rirambye. Iyangirika ry’amashamba, ubutaka, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu nganda no  mu binyabiziga, gucunga nabi imyanda, ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye bya muntu ni bimwe mu biza ku isonga mu kwangiza ibidukikije hirya no hino ku isi. Ariko nanone ubumenyi buke n'imiturire y'akajagari na byo ari imbogamizi ikomeye ku bidukikije.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-rema-yatanze-umukoro-ku-mboni-zibidukikije/</ref><ref>http://ingenzinyayo.com/2021/06/06/gake-ke-coko-kubungabunga-amazi-ava-mu-nganda-ni-iterambere-ritabangamiye-ibidukikije/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/menya-itegeko-rigenga-ibidukikije-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-25 |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225190256/https://menyanibi.rw/menya-itegeko-rigenga-ibidukikije-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] pvnfuvy6cirh9akdr2t5p3jtbkp7pdf Umubande 0 14322 137497 133890 2026-09-15T15:50:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137497 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fljótsdalur.jpg|thumb|Akabande]] [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|umubande]] Akabande cyangwa imibande ni ahantu hari hagati y’utununga cyangwa imisozi ibiri harangwa n’isoko y’amazi y’imusozi cyangwa y’ikuzimu. Kandi cyikaba igice kigaragara hejuru ku buso bw’isi kibaho ibinyabuzima harimo ibimera, inyamaswa n’abantu.<ref name=":0">https://bwiza.com/?Ahantu-hagiye-habera-ubwicanyi-bukomeye-muri-Jenoside-yakorewe-Abatutsi-ku</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyangenewss.com/?p=7947 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2025-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250605204528/https://inyangenewss.com/?p=7947 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/iya-24-mata-1994-inkotanyi-zatangiye-guhungishiriza-i-byumba-abo-zari-zarokoye?url_reload=24</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gicumbi-muri-2018-abaturage-bose-bazaba-batuye-mu-midugudu</ref> === Ibikorwa === Akabande cyangwa umubande hakunze kuba harangwa n'amazi cyangwa ubutaka bworoshye, ibi bituma bigorana kuhatura cyangwa kuhashyira inyubako, akenshi Akabande cyangwa umubande hakunze gukorerwa ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi nk'imirima y'imigenda cyangwa imitabo, hakaba kandi hakorerwa ibikorwa by'ubworozi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ijamboryumwana.com/uruhinja-rwamezi-10-rwakomerekeye-bikomeye-mu-mpanuka-ikomeye-yabereye-i-karongi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074428/https://ijamboryumwana.com/uruhinja-rwamezi-10-rwakomerekeye-bikomeye-mu-mpanuka-ikomeye-yabereye-i-karongi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2012/11/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_9.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074439/https://www.urwego.com/2012/11/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_9.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inyenyerinews.org/politiki/impinduka-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074434/https://www.inyenyerinews.org/politiki/impinduka-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/kigali-kajugujugu-ya-gisirikare-yakoze-impanuka-i-rusororo.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074428/https://ar.umuseke.rw/kigali-kajugujugu-ya-gisirikare-yakoze-impanuka-i-rusororo.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igishanga]] Aha mu kabande cyangwa umubande niho usanga ibikorwa bitandukanye bicukurwamo maze bigatanga amashanyarazi nka nyiramugengeri. Hari utubande tugiye tuzwi nk'akabande ka Nyarubera ku Kibuga, aha ubu ni mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]].<ref name=":0" /> === Inyamaswa mu mubande === [[Dosiye:Umusambi.jpg|thumb|Umusambi]] Ubundi hari inyamaswa zibera mu gishanga, nk'umusambi; rero umusambi ukunze kuba munsi y’urugo ahantu hakonje, cyangwa ahegereye igishanga, cyangwa mu bishanga birimo amavomo aho mu cyaro yitwa Kano. Imisambi isigaye iba hamwe, kuko ubusanzwe muri kamere yayo itungwa n’udukoko two mu gishanga, ikogoga umubande wose ishaka ibyo kurya ku buryo yashoboraga kuva mu murenge umwe ikirirwa mu gishanga cy’undi murenge ikaza gutaha igihe cy’izuba rya Kiberinka. Hari imisambi yabaga mu mubande wegereye igishanga cya Kanyonyomba. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/12/30/kubungabunga-ibinyabuzima-ntibikiri-umuco-wabanyarwanda-kubera-iterambere-rutangarwamaboko/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-28 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328082215/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/12/30/kubungabunga-ibinyabuzima-ntibikiri-umuco-wabanyarwanda-kubera-iterambere-rutangarwamaboko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/u-rwanda-rusigaranye-imisambi-300-gusa-mu-gihe-rwigeze-kugira-isaga-10-000.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-28 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328082215/https://ar.umuseke.rw/u-rwanda-rusigaranye-imisambi-300-gusa-mu-gihe-rwigeze-kugira-isaga-10-000.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amazi === Mu gishanga n'ubwo hakorerwa ibikorwa bitandukanye, amazi hayo akunze kuba ari mabi, afite umwanda cyane ndetse anatera indwara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/124267/kayonza-barinubira-indwara-ziterwa-numwanda-kubera-amazi-arimo-umwanda-bavoma-124267.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-28 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328082218/https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/124267/kayonza-barinubira-indwara-ziterwa-numwanda-kubera-amazi-arimo-umwanda-bavoma-124267.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rero ku baturiye akabande bavoma mu dusoko, cyangwa se bakadaha amazi hasi. Ni ukuvuga ko bavoma amazi mabi bikagira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwabo kubera umwanda, harimo no gutera abana kurwara inzoka. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kamonyi-barishimira-umuyoboro-w-amazi-meza-n-inzu-z-abatishoboye-bujuje</ref> === Ibishanga === Mu bishanga bizwi, harimo '''igishanga cya Rwampara''', '''igishanga cya Gikondo''', '''igishanga cya Nyabugog'''o, '''igishanga cya''' '''Rugenge''' ahazwi nko mu Rwintare na Kibumba. <ref name=":2">https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ibindi-bishanga-5-byo-mu-Mujyi-wa-Kigali-bigiye-gutunganywa</ref> == Ibyiza by'ibishanga == 𝗜𝗯𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗮 𝗻𝗶 𝘂𝗺𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗼 𝗸𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗲 ufatiye 𝗿𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 abantu. Ibishanga ni icyigega cy'amazi, bifasha kuyungurura amazi, ni indiri y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Ibishanga bidufasha guhangana n’ibiza.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] bah6rso183g0ke337rwi1gi3egn5mkj Ifumbire y’imborera 0 14325 137294 130229 2026-09-15T14:21:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137294 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Manure spreading Hlokozi 2007 11 29.jpg|thumb|Imfumbire y'imborera]] [[Dosiye:घुरुवा.jpg|thumb|ifumbire]] [[Dosiye:Ifumbire y’ imborera.jpg|left|thumb]] '''Ifumbire y’imborera''' [[Dosiye:Ifumbire.jpg|thumb|Ifumbire y'imborera ]] cyangwa imborera ituruka ku bisigazwa by’[[inyamaswa]] n’ibimera byaboreye ahantu. Imborera ikungahaye ku byangombwa bitunga [[Ikimera|ibimera]]. [[Ubutaka]] bworoshye bunyurwamo n’[[amazi]] vuba (umusenyi) irabufatanya bukegerana. Ubutaka bufatanye cyane bw’intamenwa (ibumba ryumye) ibuha koroha bugahumeka ndetse igaha intungamubiri igihingwa gikenera,bityo bigatuma gikura neza ukobikwiye kigatanga umusaruro.<ref>https://kubahonet.com/tag/kwita-ku-butaka/</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/kwitunganyiriza-ifumbire-y-imborera-bimufasha-kuzigama-asaga-ibihumbi-700-buri-gihembwe</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/08/16/abahinzi-barakangurirwa-gukoresha-ifumbire-yimborera-kugirango-boroherwe-nigiciro-cyimvaruganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226093428/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/08/16/abahinzi-barakangurirwa-gukoresha-ifumbire-yimborera-kugirango-boroherwe-nigiciro-cyimvaruganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thebridge.rw/imborera-ni-kimwe-mu-bifasha-guhangana-nimihindagurikire-yikirere/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226093427/https://thebridge.rw/imborera-ni-kimwe-mu-bifasha-guhangana-nimihindagurikire-yikirere/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rebero.co.rw/2021/05/20/ifumbire-yimborera-irinda-gutwarwa-kubutaka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226093427/http://www.rebero.co.rw/2021/05/20/ifumbire-yimborera-irinda-gutwarwa-kubutaka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uko imborera ikorwa == [[Dosiye:घुरुवा.jpg|thumb|GUkora Ifumbire]] ifumbire iba igizwe n’uruvange rugizwe n’amase y’[[inka]] avanga n’ibisigazwa by’umusaruro w’ibigori, ibarizo, ubwatsi bwitwa sitariya atunganyiriza mu cyobo cyabugenewe, rukamaramo amezi atanu, nyuma yaho akaba ari bwo atangira kuyikoresha mu buhinzi bwe.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:A typical fertilizer application pump system.jpg|thumb|ifumbire y'imborera]] === uko ikoreshwa === Mu buhinzi hakenerwa ifumbire y’imborera iboze kandi ihoze kugira ngo ifashe ubutaka noneho ibihingwa bizatange umusaruro mwiza. Ingano y’ifumbire y’imborera ikoreshwa kuri Ari 1, iKoresha ibiro 100 kuri Ari 1 = cyangwa ingorofani 2, Ishyirwamo hashize ibyumweru 2 ishwagara igiyemo cyangwa mu gihe cy’itera , Yinyanyagize mu murima uhite urenzaho igitaka mu gihe usanza, imborera ikoreshwa rimwe n'arimwe hamwe Ishwagara ikoreshwa mu buhinzi butandukanye nko mu buhinzi bw’akumisozi, imborera hamwe n'ishwagara kandi Ikoreshwa iyo ubutaka busharira hakoreshwa kg 30 by’ishwagara inoze kandi yumutse kuri Ari imwe buri myaka 2 , ishwagara Ishyirwa mu murima nibura ibyumweru 4 mbere yo gutera , Ishwagara kandi Inyanyagizwa mu murima ugahita urenzaho igitaka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/kamonyi-basabwe-gukoresha-ifumbire-yimborera-iboze-kandi-ihoze/?fbclid=IwAR1PnvhrkHn-fst0Z1k-QSLLFcZMQb8W-xWBlHb3-POs_kAqAlucQTe5r1A</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Abashoramari-bagiye-gusarura-amafaranga-mu-myanda-yapfaga-ubusa</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ngoma-umuvuno-mushya-w-abahinzi-nyuma-y-izamuka-ry-ibiciro-by-ifumbire</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/2022/09/21/kamonyi-ibyakabaye-ifumbire-yimborera-yunganira-imvaruganda-bigirwa-umwanda-guverineri-kayitesi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226093427/https://www.intyoza.com/2022/09/21/kamonyi-ibyakabaye-ifumbire-yimborera-yunganira-imvaruganda-bigirwa-umwanda-guverineri-kayitesi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/2022/09/21/kamonyi-ibyakabaye-ifumbire-yimborera-yunganira-imvaruganda-bigirwa-umwanda-guverineri-kayitesi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226093427/https://www.intyoza.com/2022/09/21/kamonyi-ibyakabaye-ifumbire-yimborera-yunganira-imvaruganda-bigirwa-umwanda-guverineri-kayitesi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/gatsibo-ubuyobozi-buragira-abahinzi-inama-yo-kwikorera-no-gukoresha-ifumbire-yimborera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226093428/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/gatsibo-ubuyobozi-buragira-abahinzi-inama-yo-kwikorera-no-gukoresha-ifumbire-yimborera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ifumbire]] eienhhbwj7qrdyo87pjsgh594mc4jca Imihindagurikire y’ibihe 0 14351 137393 133906 2026-09-15T14:41:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137393 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg|alt=The global map shows sea temperature rises of 0.5 to 1 degree Celsius; land temperature rises of 1 to 2 degree Celsius; and Arctic temperature rises of up to 4 degrees Celsius.|thumb| Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 kugeza mu wa 2021 ugereranije na 1956–1976]] [[Dosiye:Global_Temperature_And_Forces_With_Fahrenheit.svg|alt=The graph from 1880 to 2020 shows natural drivers exhibiting fluctuations of about 0.3 degrees Celsius. Human drivers steadily increase by 0.3 degrees over 100 years to 1980, then steeply by 0.8 degrees more over the past 40 years.|thumb| Guhindura mubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwikirere kuva Revolution Revolution yinganda, wongeyeho abashoferi kuri izo mpinduka. Ibikorwa byabantu byatumye ubushyuhe bwiyongera, hamwe nimbaraga karemano zongeramo ibintu bitandukanye. ]] Mu mikoreshereze rusange, '''imihindagurikire y’ikirere''' isobanura '''ubushyuhe bw’isi''' cyangwa kwiyongera kubushyuhe ku isi,- kwiyongera kw’ubushyuhe buringaniye ku isi - n'ingaruka zabyo ku miterere y’ikirere ku isi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu buryo bwagutse ikubiyemo n’imihindagurikire yigihe kirekire y’ikirere k'isi.Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwo ku isi burihuta kurusha impinduka zabanjirije iyi, kandi biterwa ahanini n'abantu batwika ibicanwa . Gukoresha lisansi y’ibinyabuzima, gutema amashyamba, hamwe n’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe by’ubuhinzi n’inganda byongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere, cyane cyane karuboni ya dioxide na metani . Imyuka ya parike ikurura ubushyuhe isi imurika nyuma yo gushyuha izuba. Umubare munini wiyi myuka ifata ubushyuhe bwinshi mukirere cyo hasi k'isi, bigatuma ubushyuhe bu isi Kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubutayu buragenda bwiyongera, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’umuriro n’umuriro bigenda bigaragara. Ubushyuhe bwiyongera muri Arctique bwagize uruhare mu gushonga permafrost, umwiherero w’ibarafu no gutakaza urubura rwo mu nyanja. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nabwo butera umuyaga mwinshi, amapfa, n'ibindi bihe bikabije . Imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije mu misozi, amabuye ya korali, na Arctique ihatira amoko menshi kwimuka cyangwa kuzimangana . <ref>{{Cite web |last=EPA |date=19 January 2017 |title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems |url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction |archive-date=27 January 2018 |access-date=5 February 2019 |quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Nubwo imbaraga zo kugabanya ubushyuhe buzaza zigenda neza, ingaruka zimwe zizakomeza ibinyejana byinshi. Harimo gushyushya inyanja, aside yo mu nyanja no kuzamuka ku inyanja . Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ibangamira abantu bafite ikibazo cy’ibiribwa n’amazi, kwiyongera kw’umwuzure, ubushyuhe bukabije, indwara nyinshi, ndetse n’ubukungu . Kwimuka kwabantu namakimbirane nabyo birashobora kuba ibisubizo. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryita imihindagurikire y’ikirere kibangamiye ubuzima bw’isi yose mu kinyejana cya 21. Abaturage barashobora guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere binyuze mu mbaraga nko kurinda inkombe cyangwa kwagura uburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere, ariko ingaruka zimwe ntizishobora kwirindwa. Ibihugu bikennye bifite uruhare runini ku byuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi, nyamara bifite ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere . Ingaruka nyinshi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zimaze kugaragara kuri 1.2 ° C (2.2 ° F) urwego rwo gushyuha. Ubushyuhe bwiyongereye buzongera izo ngaruka kandi burashobora gukurura ingingo, nko gushonga k'urubura rwa Greenland . Mu masezerano y’i [[Paris]] 2015, ibihugu byose byemeranije gukomeza gushyuha "munsi yimyaka 2&nbsp;° C ". Ariko, hamwe n’imihigo yatanzwe mu masezerano, ubushyuhe bw’isi buzakomeza kugera kuri 2.7 ° C (4.9 ° F) mu mpera z'ikinyejana. Kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C bizasaba kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu 2030 no kugera kuri 2050 imyuka ihumanya <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Bobcat_Fire,_Los_Angeles,_San_Gabriel_Mountains.jpg|alt=Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020|298x298px]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Bleached_colony_of_Acropora_coral.jpg|alt=Bleached colony of Acropora coral|165x165px]]</img></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[File:California_Drought_Dry_Lakebed_2009.jpg|alt=A dry lakebed in California, which is experiencing its worst megadrought in 1,200 years.|129x129px]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"> Ingaruka zimwe z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, yerekeza ku isaha uhereye hejuru ibumoso: [[Wildfire|Inkongi y'umuriro]] yakajije umurego kubera ubushyuhe n’amapfa, [[Drought|ubukana bw’amapfa]] bwangiza amazi, hamwe no [[Coral bleaching|guhumanya amakorali]] yatewe n’ubushyuhe [[Marine heatwave|bwo mu nyanja]] . </div></div></div></div> [[Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] Kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya bisaba kubyara amashanyarazi aturuka kuri karubone nkeya aho gutwika ibicanwa. Iyi mpinduka ikubiyemo gukuraho amakara y’amashanyarazi na gaze gasanzwe, kongera cyane imikoreshereze y’umuyaga, izuba, n’ubundi bwoko bw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu . Amashanyarazi akomoka ku masoko adatanga imyuka ya karubone azakenera gusimbuza ibicanwa biva mu kirere kugira ngo bitwarwe n’amashanyarazi, inyubako zishyushya, n’inganda zikora inganda. Carbone irashobora kandi gukurwa mu kirere, urugero nko [[Kurinda amashyamba|kongera amashyamba]] no guhinga hakoreshejwe uburyo bufata karubone mu butaka . == Amagambo akunze gukoreshwa == Mbere ya za 1980, igihe bitari byumvikana neza niba ubushyuhe bwo kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere bwarushaga imbaraga ubukonje bw’imyuka ihumanya [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|ikirere]], abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresheje iryo jambo ''ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere batabishaka'' bavuga ku ngaruka z’abantu ku kirere. Mu myaka ya za 1980, ijambo ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' n’imihindagurikire ''y’ikirere'' byabaye byinshi. Nubwo ayo magambo yombi rimwe na rimwe akoreshwa mu buryo bumwe, mu buhanga, ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' bwerekana gusa ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, mu gihe ''imihindagurikire y’ikirere'' isobanura impinduka zose z’imiterere y’ikirere ku isi. ''Ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi'' - bwakoreshejwe mu 1975 <ref name="Science_Broeker_19750808">{{Cite journal|pages=460–463}}</ref> - bwabaye ijambo ryamamaye cyane nyuma y’uko umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere wa NASA, James Hansen abukoresheje mu buhamya yatanze mu 1988 muri Sena ya Amerika . Kuva mu myaka ya za 2000, ''imihindagurikire y’ikirere'' yiyongereye mu mikoreshereze. ''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe'' irashobora kandi kwerekeza cyane ku mpinduka zatewe n'abantu cyangwa impinduka kamere mu mateka y'isi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi, abanyapolitiki ndetse n’itangazamakuru ubu bakoresha ijambo ''ikibazo cy’ikirere'' cyangwa ''ibihe byihutirwa by’ikirere'' kugira ngo baganire ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, n’ubushyuhe ''bw’isi'' aho gukoresha ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' . == Ubushyuhe bwerekanwe == [[Dosiye:Common_Era_Temperature.svg|thumb| Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe ku isi mu myaka 2000 ishize ukoresheje amakuru ya porokisi kuva ku mpeta y'ibiti, korali, hamwe na ice cores mubururu. Ibyatanzwe byerekanwe neza biri mumutuku. <ref name="nasa temperatures">{{Cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]] |archive-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416074510/https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Imibare myinshi yigenga yibikoresho byerekana ko ikirere gishyuha. Imyaka icumi ya 2011–2020 yashyushye ku kigereranyo cya 1.09&nbsp;° C [0.95–1.20&nbsp;° C] ugereranije n’ibanze byabanjirije inganda (1850–1900). Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buriyongera hafi 0.2&nbsp;° C ku myaka icumi, hamwe na 2020 igera ku bushyuhe bwa 1.2&nbsp;° C hejuru yigihe cyabanjirije inganda. [31] Kuva mu 1950, iminsi yubukonje nijoro nijoro byagabanutse, kandi iminsi yubushyuhe nijoro byiyongera. Habayeho ubushyuhe buke hagati yikinyejana cya 18 hagati yikinyejana cya 19. Amakuru y’ikirere muri kiriya gihe aturuka ku miterere y’ikirere, nk'ibiti hamwe n’ibarafu . Inyandiko za Thermometero zatangiye gutanga amakuru ku isi ahagana mu 1850. Uburyo bwamateka yubushyuhe no gukonja, nka Climate Animate ya Medieval hamwe nigihe gito cyibarafu, ntibyigeze bibera icyarimwe mubice bitandukanye. Ubushyuhe bushobora kuba bwarageze hejuru nko mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 mu turere duto. Habayeho ibice byabanjirije amateka yubushyuhe bwisi, nka Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum . Nyamara, ubwiyongere bugezweho bwiyongera bwubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwa CO bwihuse cyane kuburyo ibintu bitunguranye bya geofiziki mumateka yisi bitegereye igipimo kiriho. Ibimenyetso by'ubushyuhe buva mu bipimo by'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bishimangirwa n'ibindi byinshi byagaragaye. [39] Urugero, harahanuwe kandi harebwa impinduka z’amazi karemano y’amazi, nko kwiyongera inshuro n’ubukonje bw’imvura nyinshi, gushonga kwa shelegi n’ibarafu y’ubutaka, ndetse n’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere bwiyongera. Ibimera n'ibinyabuzima nabyo bitwara muburyo bujyanye n'ubushyuhe; kurugero, ibimera birabya kare mugihe cyizuba. Ikindi kimenyetso cyingenzi ni ugukonjesha ikirere cyo hejuru, byerekana ko imyuka ya parike irimo gufata ubushyuhe hafi yisi kandi ikayirinda gukwirakwira mu kirere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2010 |title=Global Warming |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |access-date=11 September 2020 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes. |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814105952/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |url-status=live }}</ref> Uturere twisi dushyushye kubiciro bitandukanye . Igishushanyo cyigenga aho imyuka ihumanya ikirere isohoka, kubera ko imyuka ikomeza igihe kirekire kuburyo ikwirakwira kwisi. Kuva mu bihe byabanjirije inganda, impuzandengo yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yubutaka bwiyongereye hafi inshuro ebyiri nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwisi. Ibi biterwa nubushyuhe bunini bwinyanja, kandi kubera ko inyanja itakaza ubushyuhe bwinshi mukumuka . Ingufu zumuriro muri gahunda y’ikirere ku isi ziyongereye hamwe n’ikiruhuko gito kuva byibuze mu 1970, kandi hejuru ya 90% y’izo mbaraga ziyongereye zabitswe mu nyanja . <ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]}}</ref> Ahasigaye hashyushye ikirere, ushonga urubura, kandi ususurutsa imigabane. <ref name="EarthSysSciData_20200907">{{Cite journal|pages=2013–2041}}</ref> Amajyaruguru y'Amajyaruguru na Pole y'Amajyaruguru byashyushye cyane kurusha Pole y'Amajyepfo n'Amajyepfo y'isi . Amajyaruguru y’Amajyaruguru ntabwo afite ubutaka bwinshi gusa, ahubwo afite ibihe byinshi byurubura hamwe nubura bwinyanja . Mugihe iyi mibumbe ihindagurika yerekana urumuri rwinshi rukaba umwijima nyuma yuko urubura rushonga, batangira gukuramo ubushyuhe bwinshi . Ububiko bwa karubone bwaho bwirabura kuri shelegi na barafu nabyo bigira uruhare mubushyuhe bwa Arctique. Ubushyuhe bwa Arctique buriyongera hejuru yikubye kabiri igipimo cyisi yose . Gushonga kw'ibarafu hamwe n'ibibarafu muri Arctique bihagarika urujya n'uruza rw'inyanja, harimo n'umugezi wa Kigobe wagabanutse, bikomeza guhindura ikirere. == Inshingano yubushyuhe bwa vuba == [[Dosiye:Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg|right|thumb| Abatwara imihindagurikire y’ikirere kuva 1850–1900 kugeza 2010–2019. Nta ntererano ihambaye yatanzwe kuva imbere imbere cyangwa abashoferi b'izuba n'ibirunga.]] Imiterere yikirere ihura ninzinguzingo zitandukanye zishobora kumara imyaka (nka El Niño - Oscillation y'Amajyepfo (ENSO)), imyaka mirongo cyangwa ibinyejana. Izindi mpinduka ziterwa nubusumbane bwingufu "ziva" mumiterere yikirere, ariko ntabwo buri gihe hanze yisi. Ingero z’agahato ko hanze zirimo impinduka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa gaze ya parike, urumuri rwizuba, kuruka [[Ikirunga|kwikirunga]], hamwe nuburyo butandukanye mubizenguruka isi kuzenguruka izuba. Kugirango hamenyekane uruhare rwabantu mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere, hagomba kuvaho imihindagurikire y’ikirere imbere n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Uburyo bw'ingenzi ni ukumenya "igikumwe" kidasanzwe ku mpamvu zose zishobora gutera, hanyuma ugereranye ibyo bitoki hamwe nuburyo bugaragara bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Kurugero, guhatira izuba birashobora kuvaho nkimpamvu ikomeye. Urutoki rwarwo rwaba rushyushye mu kirere cyose. Nyamara, ikirere cyo hasi gusa cyarashyushye, kijyanye na gazi ya parike. Uruhare rw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ruheruka kwerekana ko umushoferi nyamukuru azamuye imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hamwe na aerosole igira ingaruka mbi. === Imyuka yangiza ikirere === [[Dosiye:Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg|thumb|Ubushuhe bwa CO mumyaka 800.000 iheze nkuko bipimye kurubura rwa barafu <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=379–382}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=1712–1714}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=735–738}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Etheridge |first=D. |last2=Steele |first2=L. |last3=Langenfelds |first3=R. |last4=Francey |first4=R. |last5=Barnola |first5=J.-M. |last6=Morgan |first6=V. |date=1998 |title=Historical CO2 Records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS Ice Cores |url=https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory |archive-date=2017-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165236/https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (ubururu / icyatsi) kandi butaziguye <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keeling |first=C. |author-link=Charles David Keeling |last2=Whorf |first2=T. |date=2004 |title=Atmospheric CO2 Records from Sites in the SIO Air Sampling Network |url=https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/sio-keel.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=[[Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center]], [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] |archive-date=2017-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929234352/https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/sio-keel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (umukara)]] Imyuka ya parike ibonerana ku zuba, bityo ikayemerera kunyura mu kirere kugira ngo ishyushya isi. Isi irabagirana nkubushyuhe, kandi imyuka ya parike ikurura igice cyayo . Uku kwinjiza bidindiza umuvuduko ubushyuhe bwahungira mu kirere, ugafata ubushyuhe hafi yubuso bwisi kandi bugashyuha mugihe runaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NASA |title=The Causes of Climate Change |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/ |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=8 May 2019 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet}}</ref> Mbere y’Impinduramatwara mu nganda, ibisanzwe bisanzwe byuka bihumanya ikirere byatumye umwuka uri hafi yubuso ugera kuri 33&nbsp;° C hashyushye kuruta uko byari kugenda iyo badahari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ACS |author-link=American Chemical Society |title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect? |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html |archive-date=26 May 2019 |access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref> Mugihe imyuka y'amazi (~ 50%) n'ibicu (~ 25%) aribyo bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bya parike, byiyongera nkibikorwa byubushyuhe bityo bikaba ibisubizo . Ku rundi ruhande, imyuka ya gaze nka CO (~ 20%), tropone ya ozone, CFCs na okiside ya nitrous ntabwo biterwa n'ubushyuhe, bityo rero ni imbaraga zo hanze. Ibikorwa byabantu kuva Revolisiyo yinganda, cyane cyane gukuramo no gutwika ibicanwa biva mu kirere ( amakara, peteroli, na gaze gasanzwe ), byongereye imyuka ya parike mu kirere, bivamo ubusumbane bukabije . Muri 2019, ingufu za CO na metani zariyongereyeho hafi 48% na 160%, kuva mu 1750. Izi nzego za CO zirarenze uko zigeze mugihe icyo aricyo cyose mumyaka miriyoni 2 ishize. Kwishyira hamwe kwa metani birarenze kure cyane uko byari bimeze mumyaka 800.000 ishize. [70] [[Dosiye:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|right|thumb| Umushinga wa Carbone Global werekana uburyo kwiyongera kuri CO kuva 1880 byatewe ninkomoko zitandukanye zigenda ziyongera.]] Kwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi muri 2019 byari bihwanye na 59&nbsp;toni miliyari ya CO . Muri ibyo byuka, 75% ni CO , 18% ni metani, 4% ni okiside ya nitrous, naho 2% ni gaze ya fluor . Imyuka CO [71] ituruka ahanini ku gutwika ibicanwa kugira ngo bitange ingufu mu gutwara, gukora, gushyushya, n'amashanyarazi. Ibindi byuka bya CO biva mu gutema amashyamba no mu nganda, birimo CO yarekuwe n’imiti yo gukora sima, ibyuma, aluminium, n’ifumbire . Ibyuka bya metani biva mu bworozi, ifumbire, [[Umuceli|guhinga umuceri]], imyanda, amazi mabi, no gucukura amakara, ndetse no gucukura peteroli na gaze . Umwuka wa azote uva ahanini muri mikorobe yangirika y'ifumbire . N’ubwo uruhare rw’amashyamba rwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hejuru yubutaka bwisi, cyane cyane amashyamba yacyo, bikomeje kuba imyanda ikomeye ya CO . Uburyo bwo kurohama ku butaka, nko gutunganya karubone mu butaka na fotosintezeza, bikuraho hafi 29% by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO ku isi. Inyanja nayo ikora nka karubone ikomeye ikoresheje inzira ebyiri. Ubwa mbere, CO ishonga mumazi yo hejuru. Nyuma yaho, kuzenguruka kwinyanja gukwirakwira mu nyanja imbere, aho ikusanyiriza hamwe igihe kimwe murwego rwa karubone . Mu myaka 20 ishize, inyanja yisi yakiriye 20 kugeza 30% bya CO yasohotse. === Indege n'ibicu === Guhumanya ikirere, muburyo bwa aerosole, bigira ingaruka ku kirere ku rugero runini. Indege ikwirakwiza kandi ikurura imirasire y'izuba. Kuva mu 1961 kugeza 1990, kugabanuka gahoro gahoro k'izuba ryageze ku isi byagaragaye. Iyi phenomenon izwi cyane nka ''global dimming'', kandi iterwa na aerosole ikomoka kumukungugu, umwanda no gutwika ibicanwa na lisansi. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=761–769}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2020 |title=Global Dimming Dilemna |url=https://www.scientistswarning.org/2020/06/04/dimming-dilemma/ |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129150231/https://www.scientistswarning.org/2020/06/04/dimming-dilemma/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ku isi hose, aerosole yagabanutse kuva mu 1990 kubera kurwanya umwanda, bivuze ko batagihisha ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya parike. Aerosole nayo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ngengo yimirasire yisi . Sulfate aerosole ikora nka nuclei igicu kandi iganisha ku bicu bifite byinshi kandi bito bitonyanga. Ibi bicu byerekana imirasire yizuba neza kuruta ibicu bifite ibitonyanga bike kandi binini. Bigabanya kandi imikurire yimvura, ituma ibicu bigaragarira kumurasire yizuba. Ingaruka zitaziguye za aerosole nizo nini zidashidikanywaho muguhatira imirasire. Mugihe ubusanzwe aerosole igabanya ubushyuhe bwisi yerekana urumuri rwizuba, karubone yumukara muri soot igwa kumubura cyangwa urubura birashobora kugira uruhare mubushyuhe bwisi. Ntabwo ibyo byongera gusa kwinjiza izuba, byongera gushonga no kuzamuka kurwego rwinyanja. Kugabanya ububiko bushya bwa karubone muri Arctique bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi 0.2&nbsp;° C muri 2050. === Ubutaka burahinduka === [[Dosiye:20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg|left|thumb| Igipimo cyo gutakaza ibiti ku isi cyikubye hafi kabiri kuva 2001, kugeza igihombo cyumwaka cyegereye agace kangana n’Ubutaliyani. ]] Abantu bahindura isi cyane cyane kugirango bahinge [[Umurima|ubutaka bwubuhinzi]] . Muri iki gihe, ubuhinzi bufata 34% by'ubutaka bw'isi, mu gihe 26% ari amashyamba, naho 30% akaba adashobora guturwa (ibibarafu, ubutayu, n'ibindi. ). Umubare w'ubutaka bw'amashyamba ukomeje kugabanuka, akaba ari yo mpinduka nyamukuru ikoreshwa ry'ubutaka itera ubushyuhe ku isi. Gutema amashyamba birekura CO iri mu biti iyo byangiritse, byongeye kandi birinda ibyo biti kwinjiza CO nyinshi mugihe kizaza. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera amashyamba ni: guhindura imikoreshereze yubutaka buhoraho kuva mumashyamba kugera kubutaka bwubuhinzi butanga umusaruro nkinka n amavuta yintoki (27%), gutema ibiti byamashyamba / amashyamba (26%), guhinga mugihe gito (24%), n'umuriro (23%). Ubwoko bwibimera mukarere bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe bwaho. Ihindura uko urumuri rw'izuba rugaruka mu kirere ( albedo ), n'ubushyuhe butakara bitewe no guhumeka . Kurugero, impinduka ziva mumashyamba yijimye zijya mubyatsi bituma ubuso bworoha, bigatuma bugaragaza urumuri rwizuba. Gutema amashyamba birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kubushyuhe muguhindura irekurwa ryimiti igabanya ibicu, no guhindura imiterere yumuyaga. Mu turere dushyuha kandi dushushe ingaruka nziza ni ugutanga ubushyuhe bugaragara, mugihe ku burebure bwegereye inkingi inyungu ya albedo (nkuko ishyamba risimbuzwa igifuniko cya shelegi) biganisha ku gukonja. <ref name="Seymour 2019" /> Kwisi yose, izi ngaruka zagereranijwe ko zatumye hakonja gato, byiganjemo kwiyongera kwa albedo. === Ibikorwa by'izuba n'ibirunga === Nkuko izuba ariryo soko ryambere ryingufu zisi, impinduka zumucyo wizuba zigira ingaruka muburyo bwimiterere yikirere. Imirasire y'izuba yapimwe na satelite, kandi ibipimo bitaziguye birahari guhera mu ntangiriro ya 1600. <ref name="USGCRP_2017_ch2" /> Nta cyerekezo cyigeze kigaragara mu bwinshi bw'ingufu z'izuba zigera ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Is the Sun causing global warming? |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/ |archive-date=5 May 2019 |access-date=10 May 2019 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet}}</ref> Ibirunga biturika biturika byerekana imbaraga nini nini mugihe cyinganda. Iyo kuruka gukomeye bihagije (hamwe na dioxyde de sulfure igera kuri stratosifera), urumuri rwizuba rushobora guhagarikwa igice mumyaka ibiri. Ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe kimara hafi kabiri. Mu gihe cy’inganda, ibikorwa by’ibirunga byagize ingaruka zitari nke ku bijyanye n’ubushyuhe bw’isi. Muri iki gihe imyuka y’ibirunga CO <nowiki><sub id="mwAgI">2</sub></nowiki> ihwanye na munsi ya 1% y’imyuka ya antropogene ya CO <sub>2</sub> . [99] Imiterere yimiterere yimiterere yimiterere ntishobora kubyara ubushyuhe bwihuse bwagaragaye mumyaka mirongo ishize iyo urebye gusa itandukaniro ryumusaruro wizuba nibikorwa byibirunga. Ibindi bimenyetso byerekana imyuka ihumanya ikirere itera ubushyuhe bwisi biva mubipimo byerekana ubushyuhe bwikirere cyo hasi ( troposfer ), hamwe no gukonjesha ikirere cyo hejuru ( stratosifera ). Niba imirasire y'izuba ari yo nyirabayazana w'ubushyuhe bwagaragaye, troposse na stratosifike byombi byari gushyuha. === Ibitekerezo by’imihindagurikire y’ibihe === [[Dosiye:NORTH_POLE_Ice_(19626661335).jpg|thumb| Urubura rwo mu nyanja rugaragaza 50% kugeza 70% by'izuba ryinjira, mu gihe inyanja yijimye, igaragaza 6% gusa. Mugihe agace k'ibarafu yo mu nyanja gashonga kandi kakagaragaza inyanja nyinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwinjizwa ninyanja, bikazamura ubushyuhe bushonga urubura rwinshi. Iyi nzira nigitekerezo cyiza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=10 October 2017 |website=NSIDC}}</ref>]] Igisubizo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku gahato ka mbere cyahinduwe n’ibisubizo: byongerewe no "kwikomeza" cyangwa "ibyiza" kandi bigabanywa no "kuringaniza" cyangwa "bibi" . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology}}</ref> Ibyingenzi bishimangira ibitekerezo nibitekerezo byamazi-imyuka, ibitekerezo bya ice-albedo, hamwe ningaruka nziza yibicu. [104] Uburyo bwibanze bwo kuringaniza ni ubukonje bukabije, kuko ubuso bwisi butanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mukirere bitewe nubushyuhe bwiyongera. [106] kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe, hari n'ibisubizwa mu cyerekezo cya karubone, nk'ingaruka zifumbire ya CO ku mikurire y'ibihingwa. Kutamenya neza ibyasubiwemo nimpamvu nyamukuru ituma imiterere itandukanye yikirere igaragaza ubunini butandukanye bwubushyuhe kubwinshi bw’ibyuka bihumanya. Iyo umwuka ushyushye, irashobora gufata ubuhehere bwinshi . Umwuka wamazi, nka gaze ya parike ikomeye, ifata ubushyuhe mukirere. [104] Niba igicu cyiyongereye, urumuri rwizuba ruzagaruka mumwanya, bikonje isi. Niba ibicu bibaye byinshi kandi byoroheje, bikora nka insulator, byerekana ubushyuhe buva hepfo inyuma bukamanuka no gushyushya isi. [109] Ingaruka yibicu nisoko nini yo gutanga ibitekerezo bidashidikanywaho. Ikindi gitekerezo cyingenzi nukugabanya igifuniko cyurubura hamwe nubura bwinyanja muri Arctique, bigabanya kugaragariza isi. Ingufu nyinshi zizuba ubu zinjiye muri utwo turere, bigira uruhare mu kongera ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwa Arctique . Arctic amplification nayo irimo gushonga permafrost, irekura metani na CO mukirere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kandi gutuma metani irekurwa mu bishanga, sisitemu yo mu nyanja, hamwe n’amazi meza. [114] Muri rusange, ibisubizo by’ikirere biteganijwe ko bizagenda neza. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’imyuka yatewe na CO yatewe n’ibimera byubutaka ninyanja. Ku butaka, kuzamura CO hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gukura byatumye imikurire ikura. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yongera amapfa n’ubushyuhe bukabije bibuza imikurire y’ibihingwa, bigatuma bidashidikanywaho niba iyi karuboni izakomeza kwiyongera mu bihe biri imbere. Ubutaka burimo karubone nyinshi kandi burashobora kurekura bimwe iyo bishyushye . Nkuko CO nubushyuhe bwinshi byinjizwa ninyanja, irahindura aside, ihindagurika ryayo kandi phytoplankton ifata karubone nkeya, bikagabanya umuvuduko inyanja ikuramo karubone yo mu kirere. Muri [119], hejuru ya CO hejuru yisi Isi izakuramo igice gito cyibyuka byangiza. == Icyitegererezo == [[Dosiye:Projected_Change_in_Temperatures_by_2090.svg|thumb| Biteganijwe ko ubushyuhe bwubuso bwisi buhinduka ugereranije na 1850–1900, bushingiye kuri CMIP6 -moderi nyinshi bisobanura impinduka]] Icyitegererezo cy’ikirere kigaragaza imikorere y’umubiri, imiti, n’ibinyabuzima bigira ingaruka kuri gahunda y’ikirere. Moderi ikubiyemo kandi inzira karemano nkimpinduka zuzenguruka isi, impinduka zamateka mubikorwa byizuba, hamwe no guhatira ibirunga. Icyitegererezo gikoreshwa mukugereranya urugero rwubushyuhe bwoherezwa mu kirere hazaza bizatera igihe hasuzumwe imbaraga z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, hagati yubutaka nikirere. Imyifatire ifatika yicyitegererezo igeragezwa mugusuzuma ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwigana ibihe byubu cyangwa ibyahise. Ingero zashize zasuzuguye igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa Arctique kandi zidaha agaciro umuvuduko w’imvura. Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja kuva mu 1990 ntibwigeze busuzumwa mu buryo bwa kera, ariko imiterere ya vuba iremeranya neza n’ubushakashatsi. Isuzumabumenyi ry’ikirere ryasohowe na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika muri 2017 rivuga ko "imiterere y’ikirere ishobora kuba idaha agaciro cyangwa ikabura uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo". Igice kinini cyimiterere yikirere cyongera ibintu byabaturage muburyo bworoshye bwikirere. Izi ngero zigereranya uburyo abaturage, ubwiyongere bwubukungu, nogukoresha ingufu bigira ingaruka – no gukorana na – ikirere cy'umubiri. Hamwe naya makuru, izo moderi zirashobora gutanga ibintu byerekana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibi noneho bikoreshwa nkibintu byerekana imiterere yimiterere yikirere hamwe nicyitegererezo cya karubone kugirango hamenyekane uburyo ikirere cyo mu kirere cya gaze ya parike ishobora guhinduka mugihe kizaza. Ukurikije imibereho yubukungu nubukungu bworoheje, moderi zitanga ingufu za CO <sub>2</sub> zo mu kirere zingana hagati ya 380 na 1400 ppm. Raporo ya gatandatu ya IPCC Raporo yerekana ko ubushyuhe bwisi bushobora kugera kuri 1.0&nbsp;° C kugeza 1.8&nbsp;° C mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 21 munsi y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere . Hagati aho ubushyuhe bwisi bwagera kuri 2.1&nbsp;° C kugeza kuri 3.5&nbsp;° C, na 3.3&nbsp;° C kugeza 5.7&nbsp;° C munsi yikirere cyinshi cyane . Ibiteganijwe bishingiye ku cyitegererezo cy’ikirere hamwe no kureba. [135] Ingengo yimari ya karubone isigaye igenwa no kwerekana icyerekezo cya karubone hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kuri gaze ya parike. Nk’uko IPCC ibivuga, ubushyuhe bw’isi burashobora kubikwa munsi ya 1.5&nbsp;° C hamwe na bibiri bya gatatu amahirwe niba imyuka ihumanya nyuma ya 2018 itarenze 420 cyangwa 570 gigatonnes ya CO . Ibi bihuye nimyaka 10 kugeza 13 yimyuka ihumanya ikirere. Hano hari byinshi bidashidikanywaho kubyerekeye ingengo yimari. Kurugero, irashobora kuba gigatonnes 100 ya CO ntoya kubera metani irekurwa na permafrost nigishanga . Icyakora, biragaragara ko ibikomoka kuri peteroli y’ibinyabuzima ari byinshi cyane ku buryo ibura ryashingirwaho mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu kinyejana cya 21. == Ingaruka == [[Dosiye:Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg|thumb| Raporo ya gatandatu ya IPCC Isuzuma Raporo ihinduka mubushuhe bwubutaka bwubutaka bushobora guhungabanya ubuhinzi nibidukikije. Kugabanuka k'ubushuhe bwubutaka kubwo gutandukana bisanzwe bivuze ko impuzandengo yubutaka bwubutaka buzahuza numwaka wa cyenda wumye hagati ya 1850 na 1900 aho hantu.]] === Ingaruka ku bidukikije === Ingaruka z’ibidukikije z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni nini kandi igera kure, bigira ingaruka ku nyanja, urubura, n’ikirere. Impinduka zirashobora kubaho buhoro buhoro cyangwa vuba. Ibimenyetso kuri izo ngaruka biva mu kwiga imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu bihe byashize, biturutse ku kwerekana imiterere, no mu bushakashatsi bugezweho. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1950, amapfa nubushyuhe byagaragaye icyarimwe hamwe no kongera inshuro. Ibihe bitose cyangwa byumye mugihe cyimvura cyiyongereye mubuhinde no muri [[Aziya]] yuburasirazuba. Igipimo cy’imvura n’ubukomezi bwa serwakira na serwakira birashoboka ko byiyongera, kandi imiterere y’akarere ishobora kwaguka poleward bitewe n’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=14–28}}</ref> Inshuro za serwakira zo mu turere dushyuha ntiziyongereye bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2020 |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202042723/https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg|thumb| Amateka y’inyanja yongeye kwiyubaka hamwe n’ibiteganijwe kugera kuri 2100 byasohowe muri 2017 na Porogaramu ishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka z’Amerika muri Amerika ]] Urwego rw'inyanja ku isi ruzamuka bitewe n'ingaruka zo gushonga kw'ibarafu, gushonga kw'ibarafu muri Greenland na Antaragitika, no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe. Hagati ya 1993 na 2020, izamuka ryiyongereye igihe, ugereranije 3.3&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.3&nbsp;mm ku mwaka. Mu kinyejana cya 21, imishinga ya IPCC ivuga ko mu kirere cyinshi cyane ikirere gishobora kuzamuka kuri 61-110&nbsp;cm. Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwo mu nyanja burimo gutesha agaciro kandi bugatera ubwoba ko hazacukurwa ahantu h'ibarafu ya Antaragitika, hashobora kubaho gushonga cyane ku rubura rwa barafu kandi bikaba bishoboka ko inyanja ya metero 2 yazamuka ikagera kuri 2100 bitewe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. [149] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yatumye imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo igabanuka kandi igabanuka rya barafu yo mu nyanja ya Arctique . Mugihe icyi kitarimo urubura giteganijwe kuba gake kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C dogere yubushyuhe, biteganijwe kubaho rimwe mumyaka itatu cyangwa icumi kurwego rwo gushyuha rwa 2&nbsp;° C. Ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere CO bwateye impinduka muri chimie yo mu nyanja . Ubwiyongere bwa CO bwasheshwe butera inyanja aside . Byongeye kandi, umwuka wa ogisijeni uragabanuka kuko ogisijeni idashonga mu mazi ashyushye. Uturere twapfuye mu nyanja, uturere dufite ogisijeni nkeya, nazo ziraguka. === Gutanga amanota n'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire === Ubushyuhe bukabije bw’ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi byongera ibyago byo kunyura ' ahantu hahanamye ' - imbibi zirenze izo ngaruka zimwe na zimwe ntizishobora kwirindwa nubwo ubushyuhe bwagabanutse. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=eabn7950}}</ref> Urugero ni ugusenyuka kw'ibarafu ya Antaragitika y'Iburengerazuba na Greenland, aho ubushyuhe buzamuka 1.5 kugeza 2&nbsp;° C irashobora kwiyemeza amabati gushonga, nubwo igihe cyo gushonga kitazwi kandi biterwa nubushyuhe buzaza. <ref name="NESSC2018">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=Tipping points in Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets |url=https://www.nessc.nl/tipping-points-ice-sheets/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=NESSC |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226045737/https://www.nessc.nl/tipping-points-ice-sheets/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Impinduka nini nini zishobora kubaho mugihe gito, nko guhagarika imigezi imwe yinyanja nka Atlantike Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Ingingo zitanga inama zirashobora kandi kubamo kwangirika bidasubirwaho kubidukikije nkibiti byamashyamba ya Amazone hamwe namabuye ya korali. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearce |first=Rosamund |last2=Prater |first2=Tom |date=10 February 2020 |title=Nine Tipping Points That Could Be Triggered by Climate Change |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/ |access-date=27 May 2022 |publisher=CarbonBrief |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007002119/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku nyanja zirimo gushonga urubura, ubushyuhe bw’inyanja, izamuka ry’inyanja, hamwe na aside aside . Mu bihe by’ibinyejana kugeza mu binyejana byinshi, ubunini bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere buzagenwa cyane cyane n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere CO . Ibi biterwa na CO 'ndende yubuzima bwikirere. Kwakira inyanja CO biratinda bihagije kuburyo aside yo mu nyanja izakomeza kumyaka ibihumbi kugeza ibihumbi. [163] Bivugwa ko ibyo byuka byongereye igihe cy’ibihe by’ibihe byibuze imyaka 100.000. Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja buzakomeza mu binyejana byinshi, bivugwa ko izamuka rya 2.3 metres per degree Celsius (4.2 ft / ° F) nyuma yimyaka 2000. === Kamere n'ibinyabuzima === Ubushyuhe bwa vuba bwateje amoko menshi yo ku isi n’amazi meza poleward no kugera ahirengeye . Urwego rwo hejuru rwo mu kirere CO hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gukura byatumye habaho icyatsi kibisi. Nyamara, ubushyuhe n’amapfa byagabanije umusaruro w’ibidukikije mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Impirimbanyi zizaza zizi ngaruka zinyuranye ntizisobanutse. [167] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yagize uruhare mu kwagura ahantu humye h’ikirere, nko kwagura ubutayu muri subtropique . Ingano n'umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi birahindura impinduka zitunguranye muri urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bishoboka. [169] Muri rusange, biteganijwe ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere izavamo amoko menshi. [170] Inyanja yashyushye gahoro gahoro kurusha ubutaka, ariko ibimera ninyamaswa zo mu nyanja bimukiye mu nkingi zikonje vuba kurusha amoko yo ku butaka. Kimwe no ku butaka, ubushyuhe bwo mu nyanja bubaho kenshi bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bikangiza ibinyabuzima byinshi nka korali, kelp, n’inyoni zo mu nyanja . Acide acide yo mu nyanja ituma bigora ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja nka mussele, barnacle na korali kubyara ibishishwa na skeleti ; nubushyuhe bwahumuye amabuye ya korali . [173] Indabyo mbi ya algal yongerewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe na eutrophasi igabanya urugero rwa ogisijeni, bigahungabanya imiyoboro y’ibiribwa kandi bigatakaza ubuzima bw’inyanja. Ibinyabuzima byo ku nkombe birahangayitse cyane. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibishanga ku isi byarazimye kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’izindi ngaruka z’abantu. [175] {| class="center toccolours" |+'''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku bidukikije''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> Dosiye:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt = Amafoto yo mumazi ya korali ishami ryera ryera | [[Ecological collapse|Isenyuka ry’ibidukikije]] . Guhumura [[Coral bleaching|kwa korali]] biturutse [[Marine heatwave|kumyuka yubushyuhe]] byangije [[Great Barrier Reef|inyanja nini]] kandi bibangamira [[Coral reef|amabuye ya korali]] kwisi yose. Dosiye:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt = Ifoto ya nimugoroba mugace ka kibaya. Igishushanyo cyumusozi uri hakurya cyaka gitukura kuva mumuriro. | [[Extreme weather|Ikirere gikabije]] . Uruzuba hamwe nubushuhe bukabije bwarushijeho gukomera muri [[2019–20 Australian bushfire season#Climate change|2020 muri Ositaraliya]] . Dosiye:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt = Ahantu nyaburanga harahagarikwa ninkovu nini yuzuye ibyondo aho ubutaka bwagabanutse. | [[Climate change in the Arctic|Ubushyuhe bwa Arctique]] . [[Permafrost#Climate change effects|Permafrost yonona]] ibikorwa remezo no [[Arctic methane emissions|kurekura metani]], gaze ya parike. <ref name="Turetsky 2019" /> Dosiye:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear edit.jpg|alt = Ikidubu cyacitse intege gihagaze hejuru y ibisigazwa byurubura rushonga. | [[Habitat destruction|Kurimbuka]] . Inyamaswa nyinshi zo mu majyaruguru zishingiye ku rubura rwo mu nyanja, zagiye zicika muri Arctique ishyuha. Dosiye:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt = Ifoto yikibanza kinini cyamashyamba. Ibiti byatsi bivanze nibiti binini byangiritse cyangwa byapfuye bihinduka ibara ry'umuyugubwe-umutuku n'umutuku. | [[Climate change and invasive species|Gukwirakwiza udukoko]] . Ubukonje bworoheje butuma [[Mountain pine beetle|inyenzi]] nyinshi zinanasi zibaho kugirango zice amashyamba manini. </gallery> |} === Abantu === [[Dosiye:20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg|thumb| Ikirere gikabije kizagenda kigaragara cyane uko isi ishyuha. ]] Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zigira ingaruka ku bantu ahantu hose ku isi. Ingaruka zirashobora kugaragara ubu kumugabane wose no mukarere kinyanja, hamwe nuburinganire buke, uduce tudateye imbere duhura ningaruka zikomeye. Ubushuhe bukomeje kugira “ingaruka zikomeye, zikwirakwira kandi zidasubirwaho” ku bantu no ku bidukikije. Ingaruka ziratangwa ku buryo butangana, ariko muri rusange ni nyinshi kubantu batishoboye mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kandi byateye imbere. ==== Ibiryo n'ubuzima ==== OMS yashyize ahagaragara imihindagurikire y’ikirere nk’ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima bw’isi yose mu kinyejana cya 21. Ikirere gikabije kiganisha ku gukomeretsa no gutakaza ubuzima, no kunanirwa kw'ibihingwa ku mirire mibi . Indwara zitandukanye zandura zandura mu buryo bworoshye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, nka feri ya dengue na malariya . [188] Abana bato ni bo bibasirwa cyane no kubura ibiryo. Abana ndetse n'abantu bakuru bakunze kwibasirwa n'ubushyuhe bukabije. [189] ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryagereranije ko hagati ya 2030 na 2050, imihindagurikire y’ikirere yatera impfu zigera ku 250.000 ku mwaka. Basuzumye impfu ziterwa n'ubushyuhe ku bageze mu zabukuru, kwiyongera kw'impiswi, malariya, dengue, umwuzure wo ku nkombe, n'imirire mibi y'abana. Biteganijwe ko buri mwaka hapfa abantu barenga 500.000 bapfa bakuze bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ibiribwa ndetse n'ubuziranenge. Kugeza 2100, 50% kugeza 75% byabatuye isi barashobora guhura nikirere cyangiza ubuzima bitewe ningaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bukabije nubushuhe. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku kwihaza mu biribwa . Byatumye igabanuka ry'umusaruro w'ibigori, ingano, na soya hagati ya 1981 na 2010. Ubushyuhe buzaza bushobora kurushaho kugabanya umusaruro wisi ku bihingwa bikomeye. Umusaruro w’ibihingwa birashoboka ko uzagira ingaruka mbi mubihugu bidafite uburinganire buke, mugihe ingaruka zamajyaruguru zishobora kuba nziza cyangwa mbi. Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 183 biyongera ku isi, cyane cyane abafite amikoro make, bafite inzara kubera izo ngaruka. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe nayo igira ingaruka ku baturage b’amafi. Kwisi yose, bike bizaboneka kuroba. [197] Uturere dushingiye ku mazi y’ibarafu, uturere tumaze gukama, n’ibirwa bito bifite ibyago byinshi byo guhangayikishwa n’amazi bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. ==== Imibereho ==== Ibyangiritse mu bukungu bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere birashobora kuba bikomeye kandi hari amahirwe y’ingaruka mbi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ishobora kuba imaze kongera ubusumbane mu bukungu ku isi, kandi biteganijwe ko izakomeza. Ingaruka nyinshi ziteganijwe muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara, aho abaturage benshi baho batunzwe n'umutungo kamere n'ubuhinzi ''',''' na Aziya y'Amajyepfo-Uburasirazuba. Banki y'isi ivuga ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ishobora gutuma abantu barenga miliyoni 120 mu bukene mu 2030. [203] Ubusumbane buriho bushingiye ku butunzi n'imibereho myiza bwarushijeho kwiyongera kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ingorane zikomeye mu kugabanya, guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zihura n’abantu bahejejwe inyuma badafite ubushobozi buke ku mutungo. <ref name=":7">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref> Abasangwabutaka, batunzwe n'ubutaka bwabo ndetse n'ibidukikije, bazahura n'ingaruka z'imibereho yabo n'imibereho yabo kubera imihindagurikire y'ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |archive-date=13 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113073917/https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Impuguke zatanzwe zanzuye ko uruhare rw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu ntambara yitwaje intwaro rwabaye ruto ugereranije n’ibintu nk’ubusumbane mu mibereho n’ubukungu ndetse n’ubushobozi bwa Leta. [207] Ibirwa biri hasi hamwe n’abaturage bo ku nkombe babangamiwe n’izamuka ry’inyanja, bigatuma imyuzure ikunze kugaragara. Rimwe na rimwe, ubutaka bwatakaye burundu ku nyanja. [208] Ibi bishobora gutera ubwenegihugu kubantu bo mu bihugu birwa, nka [[Malidivezi|Malidiya]] na [[Tuvalu]] . Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, izamuka ry’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe birashobora kuba bibi cyane ku buryo abantu batabimenyera. [210] Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikabije, imishinga yerekana ko hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ikiremwamuntu ishobora gutura mu bihe bishyushye cyane kandi bidashobora guturwa, bisa n’ikirere kiriho ubu kiboneka muri Sahara. Izi ngingo zishobora gutwara kwimuka kw ibidukikije, haba mubihugu ndetse no mubihugu. Abantu benshi biteganijwe ko bazimurwa kubera izamuka ry’inyanja, ikirere gikabije n’amakimbirane biturutse ku guhatanira kongera umutungo kamere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kandi kongera intege nke, biganisha ku "baturage bafashwe" badashobora kwimuka kubera kubura amikoro. {| class="center toccolours" |+'''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku bantu''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> Dosiye:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|[[Environmental migrant|Kwimuka kw'ibidukikije]] . Imvura idasanzwe iganisha ku [[Desertification|butayu]] bwangiza ubuhinzi kandi bushobora kwimura abaturage. Yerekanwa: Telly, Mali (2008). Dosiye:Corn shows the effect of drought.jpg|[[Effects of climate change on agriculture|Impinduka mu buhinzi]] . Amapfa, ubushyuhe bwiyongera, nikirere gikabije bigira ingaruka mbi mubuhinzi. Yerekanwa: Texas, Amerika (2013). Dosiye:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|[[Tidal flooding|Umwuzure w'amazi]] . Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja bwongera umwuzure mu turere two ku nkombe z'inyanja. Yerekanwa: [[Venice#Flooding|Venise, Ubutaliyani]] (2004). Dosiye:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|[[Tropical cyclones and climate change|Kwiyongera k'umuyaga]] . Bangaladeshi nyuma ya [[Cyclone Sidr|serwakira Sidr]] (2007) ni urugero rwumwuzure w’ibiza uturutse ku mvura yiyongereye. Dosiye:The heat is on ESA19461898.jpeg|Ubushyuhe bukabije. Ibintu nka [[June 2019 European heat wave|Kamena 2019 ubushyuhe bwi Burayi]] buragenda bwiyongera. </gallery> |} == Kugabanya no gufata ibyuka bihumanya == [[Dosiye:Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg|left|thumb| Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi hose, bishingiye kuri politiki n'imihigo guhera ku ya 11/21]] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kugabanywa mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kongera imyanda ikurura imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwisi kugeza munsi ya 1.5&nbsp;° C ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi bigomba kuba net-zeru muri 2050, cyangwa muri 2070 hamwe na 2&nbsp;Intego ya C. Ibi bisaba impinduka zigera kure, zitunganijwe muburyo butigeze bubaho mu mbaraga, ubutaka, imigi, ubwikorezi, inyubako, n'inganda. Gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije ivuga ko ibihugu bigomba kwikuba gatatu ibyo byiyemeje mu masezerano y’i Paris mu myaka icumi iri imbere kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw’isi bugere kuri 2&nbsp;° C. Urwego runini rwo kugabanya rusabwa kugirango rwuzuze 1.5&nbsp;° C intego. Hamwe n'imihigo yatanzwe mu masezerano guhera mu Kwakira 2021, ubushyuhe bw’isi buracyafite amahirwe ya 66% yo kugera kuri 2.7&nbsp;° C (intera: 2.2–3.2&nbsp;° C) mu mpera z'ikinyejana. Kwisi yose, kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 2&nbsp;° C irashobora kuvamo inyungu zirenze ibiciro. Nubwo nta nzira imwe yo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5 cyangwa 2&nbsp; C. Kugabanya umuvuduko w’ibinyabuzima no kongera ubushobozi bwa gahunda ya karubone, impinduka nazo zaba nkenerwa mu buhinzi n’amashyamba, nko gukumira amashyamba no kugarura urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima hakoreshejwe amashyamba . Ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bufite ibyago byinshi. Scenarios igabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C mubisanzwe umushinga munini wo gukoresha uburyo bwo gukuraho karuboni ya dioxyde mu kinyejana cya 21. Hano hari impungenge, nubwo, gushingira cyane kuri tekinoroji, n'ingaruka ku bidukikije. Imicungire y'izuba (SRM) nayo ninyongera ishoboka yo kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ariko, SRM yazamura ibibazo bikomeye byimyitwarire namategeko, kandi ingaruka ntizisobanutse neza. === Ingufu zisukuye === [[Dosiye:Global_Energy_Consumption.svg|thumb| Amakara, peteroli, na gaze gasanzwe bikomeza kuba isoko yambere yingufu zisi nubwo ibivugururwa byatangiye kwiyongera byihuse. ]] [[Dosiye:Lisberg_Burg_Windräder_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg|thumb| Umuyaga n'izuba, Ubudage]] Ingufu zisubirwamo ni urufunguzo rwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ibicanwa biva mu kirere byagize 80% by'ingufu z'isi muri 2018. Umugabane wasigaye wagabanijwe hagati y’ingufu za kirimbuzi n’ibishobora kongerwa (harimo amashanyarazi, bioenergy, umuyaga n’izuba n’ingufu za geothermal ). Urwo ruvange ruteganijwe guhinduka cyane mumyaka 30 iri imbere. Imirasire y'izuba hamwe n'umuyaga wo ku nkombe ubu biri muburyo buhendutse bwo kongerera ingufu amashanyarazi mashya ahantu henshi. Ibishobora kuvugururwa byagaragazaga 75% by'amashanyarazi mashya yose yashyizwe muri 2019, hafi izuba n'umuyaga. Ubundi buryo bwingufu zisukuye, nka kirimbuzi n’amashanyarazi, kuri ubu bifite uruhare runini mu gutanga ingufu. Ariko, iteganyagihe ryiterambere ryabo risa nkaho rigereranijwe. Kugera kuri 2050 kutabogama kwa karubone, ingufu zishobora kuba uburyo bwambere bwo kubyara amashanyarazi, bikazamuka kugera kuri 85% cyangwa birenga muri 2050 mubihe bimwe. Ishoramari mu makara ryavaho kandi ikoreshwa ry’amakara hafi ya 2050. Amashanyarazi aturuka ku masoko ashobora kuvugururwa nayo agomba kuba isoko nyamukuru yo gushyushya no gutwara. Ubwikorezi burashobora kuva mumodoka ya moteri yaka imbere no kugana ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, inzira nyabagendwa, hamwe nubwikorezi bukora (gusiganwa ku magare no kugenda). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> Kubyohereza no kuguruka, lisansi nkeya yagabanya ibyuka bihumanya. <ref name=":6" /> Ubushyuhe bushobora kurushaho kuba decarbonone hamwe nikoranabuhanga nka pompe yubushyuhe . Hariho inzitizi zo gukomeza kwiyongera byihuse byingufu zisukuye, harimo nibishobora kuvugururwa. Ku muyaga n'izuba, hari ibidukikije n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka ku mishinga mishya. Umuyaga nizuba nabyo bitanga ingufu mugihe kimwe nigihe gihindagurika . Ubusanzwe, ingomero za hydro zifite ibigega hamwe ninganda zisanzwe zikoreshwa mugihe umusaruro uhindagurika ari muke. Kujya imbere, ububiko bwa batiri burashobora kwagurwa, ingufu zikenewe hamwe nibitangwa birashobora guhuzwa, kandi kohereza intera ndende birashobora guhinduka neza kubishobora kuvugururwa. Bioenergy ntabwo iba idafite karubone kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubiribwa. Ubwiyongere bw'ingufu za kirimbuzi bugarukwaho n'impaka zishingiye ku myanda ya kirimbuzi, ikwirakwizwa ry'intwaro za kirimbuzi, n'impanuka . <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=S38–49}}</ref> Iterambere ry’amashanyarazi rigarukira ku kuba ahantu heza hateguwe, kandi imishinga mishya ikaba ihanganye n’ibibazo by’imibereho n’ibidukikije. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects. |archive-date=13 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013011718/https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |url-status=live }}</ref> Ingufu nke za karubone zitezimbere ubuzima bwabantu mukugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ifite kandi inyungu mu gihe cya vuba cyo kugabanya impfu ziterwa n’ikirere, zagereranyaga miliyoni 7 buri mwaka mu 2016. Kuzuza intego zamasezerano ya Paris agabanya ubushyuhe kuri 2&nbsp;Ubwiyongere bwa C bushobora gukiza abagera kuri miliyoni muri ubwo buzima mu mwaka wa 2050, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’isi bugera kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C irashobora kuzigama miriyoni kandi icyarimwe ikongerera umutekano ingufu no kugabanya ubukene. Kuzamura ikirere kandi bifite inyungu zubukungu zishobora kuba nini kuruta ibiciro bya mituweli. === Kubungabunga ingufu === Kugabanya ingufu zikenewe ni ikindi kintu gikomeye cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Niba ingufu nke zikenewe, haribindi byoroshye guhinduka byiterambere ryingufu. Bituma kandi byoroha gucunga amashanyarazi, kandi bikagabanya iterambere ryibikorwa remezo byibanda cyane. Kwiyongera kwinshi mu ishoramari ry’ingufu bizasabwa kugera ku ntego z’ikirere, ugereranije n’urwego rw’ishoramari mu mbaraga zishobora kubaho. Impinduka nyinshi za COVID-19 zijyanye no gukoresha ingufu, ishoramari rikoresha ingufu, ninkunga byatumye iteganyagihe ryiyi myaka icumi rigoye kandi ridashidikanywaho. Ingamba zo kugabanya ingufu zikenerwa ziratandukanye. Mu bwikorezi, abagenzi n’imizigo barashobora guhinduka muburyo bwiza bwo gukora ingendo, nka bisi na gari ya moshi, cyangwa gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ingamba zinganda zo kugabanya ingufu zikenewe zirimo kunoza sisitemu yo gushyushya na moteri, gukora ibicuruzwa bitita cyane ku mbaraga, no kongera ubuzima bwibicuruzwa. Mu rwego rwubwubatsi hibandwa ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’inyubako nshya, n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’ingufu zikoreshwa muri retrofiting. Gukoresha tekinoroji nka pompe yubushyuhe birashobora kandi kongera ingufu zubaka. === Ubuhinzi n'inganda === [[Dosiye:Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg|thumb| Urebye imyuka ihumanya itaziguye kandi itaziguye, inganda nizo nzego zifite uruhare runini rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.]] Ubuhinzi n’amashyamba bihura n’ingorabahizi eshatu zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, birinda ko amashyamba ahinduka mu butaka bw’ubuhinzi, ndetse no kwiyongera kw’ibiribwa ku isi. Ibikorwa byinshi bishobora kugabanya ubuhinzi n’amashyamba ashingiye ku mashyamba bibiri bya gatatu kuva ku rwego rwa 2010. Muri byo harimo kugabanya ubwiyongere bukenewe ku biribwa n’ibindi bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi, kongera umusaruro w’ubutaka, kurinda no kugarura amashyamba, no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu buhinzi. Kuruhande rwibisabwa, igice cyingenzi cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni uguhindura abantu ibiryo bikomoka ku bimera . Kurandura umusaruro w’amatungo y’inyama n’amata byakuraho hafi 3/4 by’ibyuka bihumanya biva mu buhinzi n’ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka. Amatungo kandi afite 37% yubutaka butagira urubura kwisi kandi akoresha ibiryo biva kuri 12% yubutaka bukoreshwa mubihingwa, gutwara amashyamba no kwangirika kwubutaka. Umusaruro w'ibyuma na sima ushinzwe hafi 13% byangiza imyanda ya CO . Muri izo nganda, ibikoresho byibanda cyane kuri karubone nka kokiya na lime bigira uruhare runini mu musaruro, ku buryo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere CO bisaba ubushakashatsi mu bundi buryo bwa shimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries |url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf |pages=11, 19–22 |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2022-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901044811/https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> === Urutonde rwa karubone === [[Dosiye:Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg|thumb| Ibyuka byinshi byangiza imyuka CO byinjijwe no kurohama karubone, harimo gukura kw'ibimera, gufata ubutaka, no gufata inyanja (Ingengo y’imari ya 2020 ya Carbone ).]] Imyuka ya karubone isanzwe irashobora kongererwa imbaraga kugirango ikurikirane cyane CO irenze urwego rusanzwe rusanzwe. Gutema amashyamba no gutera ibiti ku butaka butari amashyamba biri mu buhanga bukuze bukurikirana, nubwo bwa nyuma butera impungenge ibiribwa. Abahinzi barashobora guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa rya karubone mu butaka binyuze mu bikorwa nko gukoresha ibihingwa bitwikiriye imbeho, kugabanya ubukana n’inshuro yo guhinga, no gukoresha ifumbire n’ifumbire nkivugurura ubutaka. Kugarura / kwidagadura ibishanga byo ku nkombe n’ibyatsi byo mu nyanja byongera gufata karubone mu bintu kama ( karubone yubururu ). Iyo karubone ifashwe mubutaka no mubintu kama nkibiti, harikibazo cyuko karubone yongeye kurekurwa mukirere nyuma binyuze mumihindagurikire yimikoreshereze yubutaka, umuriro, cyangwa izindi mpinduka mubidukikije. Iyo ingufu zitanga ingufu cyangwa CO - inganda zikomeye zikomeje gutanga imyanda CO , gaze irashobora gufatwa ikabikwa aho kurekurwa mukirere. Nubwo ikoreshwa ryayo rigarukira mubipimo kandi bihenze, gufata no kubika karubone (CCS) birashobora kugira uruhare runini mukugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere cya CO mu kinyejana rwagati. [270] Ubu buhanga, bufatanije na bioenergy ( BECCS ) bushobora kuvamo imyuka mibi: CO ikurwa mu kirere. Kugeza ubu ntiharamenyekana neza niba tekinike yo gukuramo karubone izashobora kugira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C. Ibyemezo bya politiki bishingiye ku gukuraho karuboni ya dioxyde byongera ibyago byo gushyuha kwisi kuzamuka kurenza intego mpuzamahanga. == Kurwanya == [[Dosiye:FrontLines-EGAT_2011_Environment_Photo_Contest_Top_Entry_(5842818280).jpg|thumb| Gutera Mangrove hamwe no kubungabunga ibidukikije birashobora kugabanya imyuzure yo ku nkombe .]] [[Dosiye:Seawallventnor.jpg|thumb| Inyanja yo kurinda umuyaga ukabije watewe no kuzamuka kwinyanja]] [[Dosiye:20080708_Chicago_City_Hall_Green_Roof_Edit1.jpg|thumb| Igisenge kibisi kugirango gitange ubukonje mumijyi]] Kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ni "inzira yo guhindura imihindagurikire y'ikirere cyangwa iteganijwe mu kirere n'ingaruka zayo". <ref name=":32">IPCC, 2022: [https://web.archive.org/web/20230122220619/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://web.archive.org/web/20220318140208/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3–33, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001.</ref> : 5 Hatabayeho kugabanuka kworoheje, kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ntibishobora gukumira ingaruka z’ingaruka zikomeye, zikwirakwira kandi zidasubirwaho. [274] Imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikabije isaba guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, bishobora kuba bihenze cyane. [275] Ubushobozi nubushobozi abantu bashobora kumenyera bikwirakwizwa mu turere dutandukanye ndetse n’abaturage, kandi ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere muri rusange bifite bike. Imyaka 20 yambere yikinyejana cya 21 hagaragaye kwiyongera mubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’imihindagurikire y’ibihugu byinshi bikennye kandi biciriritse hamwe n’iterambere ry’isuku n’amashanyarazi, ariko iterambere riratinda. Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu bikorwa politiki yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ariko, hariho itandukaniro rinini hagati yimari ikenewe kandi iboneka. [277] Kumenyera kuzamuka kwinyanja bigizwe no kwirinda ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’akaga, kwiga kubana n’umwuzure wiyongereye no kurindwa. Niba ibyo binaniwe, umwiherero ucungwa urashobora gukenerwa. Hano hari inzitizi zubukungu mugukemura ingaruka zubushyuhe. Kwirinda akazi gakomeye cyangwa kugira ubukonje ntibishoboka kuri bose. [279] Mu buhinzi, uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere burimo guhinduranya indyo irambye, gutandukana, kurwanya isuri no kunoza imiterere y’imiterere hagamijwe kwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ikirere. [280] Ubwishingizi butanga kugabana ibyago, ariko akenshi biragoye kubona kubantu binjiza amafaranga make. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=333–334}}</ref> Uburezi, abimukira hamwe na sisitemu yo kuburira hakiri kare birashobora kugabanya ingaruka z’ikirere. [282] Gutera mangrove cyangwa gutera inkunga ibindi bimera byo ku nkombe birashobora guhagarika umuyaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Shorthand |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120195218/https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120195234/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ruhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, inzira ishobora gushyigikirwa n'abantu. Mugukomeza guhuza urusobe rwibinyabuzima, amoko arashobora kwimuka mubihe byiza byikirere. Ubwoko burashobora kandi kwerekanwa mubice bifite ikirere cyiza . Kurinda no gusana ahantu nyaburanga nigice cya kamere bifasha kubaka imbaraga, byorohereza urusobe rwibinyabuzima guhinduka. Byinshi mubikorwa biteza imbere imihindagurikire y’ibinyabuzima, bifasha kandi abantu kumenyera binyuze mu kurwanya ibidukikije . Kurugero, kugarura gahunda yumuriro karemano bituma umuriro wibiza udashoboka, kandi bikagabanya guhura kwabantu. Guha inzuzi umwanya munini bituma habaho kubika amazi muri sisitemu karemano, kugabanya ibyago byumwuzure. Amashyamba yagaruwe akora nk'icyuzi cya karubone, ariko gutera ibiti mu turere tudakwiye birashobora kongera ingaruka z’ikirere. Hariho imikoranire hamwe nubucuruzi hagati yo kurwanya no kugabanya ibicuruzwa. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere akenshi bitanga inyungu z'igihe gito, mu gihe kugabanuka bifite inyungu z'igihe kirekire. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=381–393}}</ref> Kongera imikoreshereze yumuyaga bituma abantu barushaho guhangana nubushyuhe, ariko byongera ingufu zikenewe. [[IMITURIRE|Iterambere ryimijyi]] irashobora gutuma imyuka igabanuka mu bwikorezi no kubaka. Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kongera ingaruka zo mu birwa byo mu mujyi, biganisha ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru no kwiyongera. Kongera umusaruro w'ibiribwa bifite inyungu nini haba mu kurwanya no kugabanya. == Ingamba na politiki == Ibihugu byibasirwa cyane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ubusanzwe byashinzwe uruhare ruto rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibi bitera kwibaza kubyerekeye ubutabera nubutabera. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ifitanye isano n’iterambere rirambye. Kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’isi byoroha kugera ku ntego z’iterambere rirambye, nko kurandura ubukene no kugabanya ubusumbane. Ihuriro ryemewe mu ntego zirambye z’iterambere 13 ari "gufata ingamba zihutirwa zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n'ingaruka zayo". Intego ku biribwa, amazi meza no kurengera ibidukikije bifite aho bihurira no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. [291] Geopolitike y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere iragoye. Byakunze gushyirwaho nkikibazo cyo gutwara abantu ku buntu, aho ibihugu byose byungukira mu kugabanya ibicuruzwa byakozwe n’ibindi bihugu, ariko ibihugu bitandukanye byatakaza kuva mu bukungu buke bwa karubone ubwabyo. Uku gushiraho kwamaganwe. Kurugero, inyungu zamakara ziva mubuzima rusange nibidukikije byaho birenze ibiciro hafi yakarere kose. Byongeye kandi, abatumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu kirere batsindira mu bukungu kuva mu guhindura ingufu zisukuye, bigatuma abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bahura n’umutungo wangiritse : ibicanwa bidashobora kugurisha. === Amahitamo ya politiki === Politiki, amabwiriza, n'amategeko menshi birakoreshwa mukugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Kugeza muri 2019, ibiciro bya karubone bikubiyemo hafi 20% byuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi. Carbone irashobora kugurwa imisoro ya karubone hamwe na sisitemu yubucuruzi bwangiza . Inkunga ya peteroli y’ibinyabuzima ku isi yageze kuri miliyari 319 z'amadolari muri 2017, na tiriyari 5.2 z'amadolari igihe ibiciro nko guhumanya ikirere biguzwe. Kurangiza ibyo birashobora gutuma igabanuka rya 28% byangiza imyuka y’ikirere no kugabanuka kwa 46% by’impfu z’ikirere. Amafaranga yazigamiwe ku nkunga y’ibinyabuzima ashobora gukoreshwa mu gushyigikira inzibacyuho y’ingufu zisukuye aho. Ubundi buryo butaziguye bwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere harimo ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imodoka, ibipimo bya lisansi ishobora kongerwa, n’amabwiriza yangiza ikirere ku nganda zikomeye. Ibihugu byinshi bisaba ibikorwa byingirakamaro kugirango byongere umugabane wibishobora kuvugururwa mumashanyarazi . Politiki yateguwe binyuze mu butabera bw’ikirere igerageza gukemura ibibazo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubusumbane mu mibereho. Kurugero, ibihugu bikize bifite uruhare runini rwibyuka bihumanya ikirere byishyura ibihugu bikennye kugirango bihuze. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gabbatiss |first=Josh |last2=Tandon |first2=Ayesha |date=4 October 2021 |title=In-depth Q&A: What is 'climate justice'? |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |language=en |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015213312/https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice |url-status=live }}</ref> Mugihe ikoreshwa ryibicanwa bigabanuka, imirimo mumirenge iratakara. Kugirango bagere ku nzibacyuho iboneye, aba bantu bakeneye imyitozo kugirango bakore indi mirimo. Imiryango ifite abakozi ba peteroli benshi bakeneye ishoramari ryiyongera. === Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ikirere === [[Dosiye:Total_CO2_by_Region.svg|thumb| Kuva mu 2000, izamuka rya CO mu Bushinwa ndetse no ku isi yose ryarenze umusaruro w’Amerika n'Uburayi. ]] [[Dosiye:Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg|thumb| Ku muntu, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zitanga CO ku kigero cyihuta cyane kuruta utundi turere twibanze. ]] Ibihugu hafi ya byose ku isi bifite uruhare mu masezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu 1994 (UNFCCC). Intego ya UNFCCC ni ugukumira abantu babangamira gahunda z’ikirere . Nkuko byavuzwe muri iryo koraniro, ibi bisaba ko ingufu za gaze ya parike zihagarara mu kirere ku buryo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rushobora guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, umusaruro w’ibiribwa ntubangamiwe, kandi iterambere ry’ubukungu rishobora gukomeza. UNFCCC ubwayo ntabwo igabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ahubwo itanga urwego rwa protocole ikora. Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byiyongereye kuva UNFCCC yashyirwaho umukono. Inama zayo ngarukamwaka nicyiciro cyibiganiro byisi. Amasezerano ya Kyoto yo mu 1997 yongereye UNFCCC kandi akubiyemo amasezerano yiyemeje kubahiriza ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Muri iyo mishyikirano, G77 (ihagarariye ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ) yasabye manda isaba ibihugu byateye imbere "gufata iyambere" mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kubera ko ibihugu byateye imbere byagize uruhare runini mu kwegeranya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu kirere. Umwuka w’umuturage nawo wari ukiri muto mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kandi ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere byakenera kohereza byinshi kugira ngo bikemure iterambere ryabyo. Amasezerano ya Copenhagen yo mu 2009 yagaragaye cyane ko atengushye kubera intego zayo nkeya, kandi yangwa n’ibihugu bikennye harimo na G77. Amashyirahamwe yunze ubumwe yari agamije kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi ku isi munsi ya 2&nbsp;° C. Amasezerano yashyizeho intego yo kohereza miliyari 100 z'amadolari ku mwaka mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu rwego rwo kugabanya no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bitarenze 2020, anasaba ko hashyirwaho ikigega cy’ibidukikije . As of 2020 , ikigega cyananiwe kugera ku ntego cyari giteganijwe, kandi gishobora kugabanuka mu nkunga yacyo. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=95–108}}</ref> Muri 2015 ibihugu byose by’umuryango w’abibumbye byaganiriye n’amasezerano y'i Paris, agamije gukomeza ubushyuhe bw’isi munsi ya 2.0&nbsp;° C kandi ikubiyemo intego yo gukomeza gushyuha munsi ya 1.5 ° C. [316] Amasezerano yasimbuye Protokole ya Kyoto. Bitandukanye na Kyoto, nta ntego zoguhumanya ikirere zashyizweho mu masezerano y'i Paris. Ahubwo, urutonde rwibikorwa byakozwe bihuza. Ibihugu bigomba guhora byishyiriraho intego zikomeye kandi bigasubiramo intego buri myaka itanu. Amasezerano y'i Paris yasubiyemo ko ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bigomba gushyigikirwa n'amafaranga. As of October 2021 , Ibihugu 194 n’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]] byashyize umukono kuri ayo masezerano naho ibihugu 191 kandi Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byemeje cyangwa byemera ayo masezerano. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga ya Montreal yo mu 1987, amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo guhagarika kohereza imyuka yangiza ozone, ashobora kuba yarabaye ingirakamaro mu gukumira ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kuruta amasezerano ya Kyoto yagenewe kubikora. Ivugurura rya Kigali ryo mu mwaka wa 2016 ry’amasezerano ya Montreal rigamije kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cya hydrofluorocarbone, itsinda ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere yabaye umusimbura wa gaze ya ozone yabujijwe. Ibi byatumye Protokole ya Montreal amasezerano akomeye yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2016 |title=Explainer: Why a UN climate deal on HFCs matters |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722162400/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Muri 2019, inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza ibaye guverinoma ya mbere y’igihugu yatangaje ko ibihe byihutirwa. Ibindi bihugu nubutabera byakurikiranye. Muri uwo mwaka, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburayi yatangaje "ikirere cyihutirwa n’ibidukikije". Komisiyo y’Uburayi yerekanye amasezerano y’ibihugu by’i Burayi hagamijwe guhindura Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2050. Ibihugu bikomeye muri Aziya byiyemeje imihigo nk'iyi: Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubuyapani byiyemeje kutagira aho bibogamiye muri 2050, n'Ubushinwa mu 2060. Mu 2021, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yashyize ahagaragara gahunda y’amategeko “ Fit for 55 ”, ikubiyemo amabwiriza agenga inganda z’imodoka ; imodoka zose nshya ku isoko ry’iburayi zigomba kuba imodoka zeru ziva mu 2035. Mu gihe [[Ubuhinde]] bufite imbaraga zo kongera ingufu, burateganya kandi kwagura amakara muri iki gihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker |archive-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004183827/https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kugeza mu 2021, hashingiwe ku makuru aturuka muri gahunda 48 z’ikirere z’igihugu, zihagarariye 40% by’amasezerano y’i Paris, byagereranijwe ko ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bizaba biri munsi ya 0.5% ugereranije n’urwego rwa 2010, munsi y’intego zo kugabanya 45% cyangwa 25% kugeza gabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C cyangwa 2&nbsp;° C. == Sosiyete == === Guhakana no gutanga amakuru atariyo === [[Dosiye:20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif|right|thumb|Ibyatoranijwe byatoranijwe kuva mugihe gito kugirango bibeshye ko ubushyuhe bwisi butiyongera. Ibara ry'ubururu ryerekana ibihe bigufi byerekana ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire (red redlines). Utudomo twubururu twerekana icyo bita ubushyuhe bwisi . [330]]] Impaka rusange zerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku guhakana imihindagurikire y’ikirere no gutanga amakuru atari yo, byaturutse muri Amerika kandi kuva ubwo bikwira mu bindi bihugu, cyane cyane [[Kanada]] na Ositaraliya. Abagize uruhare mu guhakana imihindagurikire y’ikirere bagize ihuriro ryatewe inkunga kandi ihuriweho n’amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, amatsinda y’inganda, ibitekerezo by’ibitekerezo byita ku bidukikije, hamwe n’abahanga mu bya siyansi. Kimwe n'inganda z'itabi, ingamba nyamukuru z'aya matsinda kwari ugushidikanya ku makuru ya siyansi n'ibisubizo. Benshi bahakana, bakirukana, cyangwa bashidikanya ku buryo budashidikanywaho ku bwumvikane bwa siyansi ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bwiswe "abakekeranya n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere", abahanga benshi bavuga ko ari amakosa . Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo guhakana ikirere: bamwe bahakana ko ubushyuhe bubaho na gato, bamwe bakemera ubushyuhe ariko bakavuga ko ari ingaruka kamere, ndetse bamwe bagabanya ingaruka mbi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Gukora ibintu bidashidikanywaho kuri siyanse nyuma byaje kuba impaka zakozwe : bitera kwizera ko hari ugushidikanya gukomeye ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu bumenyi bwa siyansi hagamijwe gutinza impinduka za politiki. Ingamba zo guteza imbere ibyo bitekerezo zirimo kunenga ibigo bya siyansi, no kwibaza impamvu abahanga ku giti cyabo. <ref name="Björnberg 2017" /> Urugereko rwerekana imbuga nkoranyambaga n’itangazamakuru byateje ikibazo cyo kutumva neza imihindagurikire y’ikirere. === Kumenyekanisha rubanda n'ibitekerezo === [[Dosiye:20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg|thumb| Abaturage basuzugura cyane urugero rw'ubwumvikane bwa siyansi bwerekana ko abantu batera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref name="KingsCollegeReport_20220629">{{Cite web |date=June 2022 |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |website=PERITIA Trust EU - The Policy Institute of Kings College London |page=4}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuva 2019 kugeza 2021 <ref name="Powell_2019">{{Cite journal|pages=183–184}}</ref> bwerekanye ko ubumenyi bwa siyanse buri hagati ya 98.7 na 100%.]] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yaje kumenyeshwa n’amahanga mu mpera za 1980. Bitewe n’itangazamakuru mu ntangiriro ya za 90, abantu bakunze kwitiranya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibindi bibazo by’ibidukikije nko kubura ozone. Mu muco uzwi cyane, filime y’impimbano y’ikirere ''Umunsi ukurikira ejo'' (2004) hamwe na documentaire ya Al Gore ''Ukuri kutorohewe'' (2006) yibanze ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref name=":3" /> [[Intara]] zikomeye z’akarere, uburinganire, imyaka n’itandukaniro rya politiki zirahari haba mu kwita ku baturage no gusobanukirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Abantu benshi bize cyane, ndetse no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, [[Umugore|abagore]] n’urubyiruko, wasangaga babona ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ari ikibazo gikomeye. Ikinyuranyo cy’amashyaka kibaho no mu bihugu byinshi, kandi ibihugu bifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO usanga bititaweho cyane. Ibitekerezo ku mpamvu z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere biratandukanye cyane hagati y’ibihugu. Impungenge ziyongereye igihe, <ref name="auto1" /> kugeza aho mu 2021 abaturage benshi mu bihugu byinshi bagaragaza impungenge nyinshi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, cyangwa bakabona ko ari ibintu byihutirwa ku isi. Inzego zo hejuru zo guhangayikishwa no gushyigikira abaturage muri politiki zita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere. ==== Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ==== Imyigaragambyo y’ibihe isaba abayobozi ba politiki gufata ingamba zo gukumira imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Bashobora gufata uburyo bwo kwerekana imyigaragambyo rusange, kugabanya ibicanwa bya fosile, kuburana nibindi bikorwa. Imyiyerekano ikomeye irimo imyigaragambyo yishuri ryikirere . Muri iki gikorwa, urubyiruko rwo ku isi rwigaragambyaga kuva mu 2018 rusiba ishuri ku wa gatanu, ruyobowe n’umwangavu wo muri Suwede Greta Thunberg . Ibikorwa rusange byo kutumvira kwabaturage byakozwe nitsinda nka Extinction Rebellion bigaragambije bahagarika imihanda no gutwara abantu. Imanza zikoreshwa cyane nk'igikoresho cyo gushimangira ibikorwa by'ikirere bituruka mu bigo bya Leta n'ibigo. Abaharanira inyungu kandi batangiza imanza zireba guverinoma kandi bagasaba ko bafata ingamba zikomeye cyangwa kubahiriza amategeko ariho yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Imanza ziregwamo amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri rusange arasaba indishyi z’igihombo n’ibyangiritse == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] l1o5391y07ktpmea03niu7rgekvrxsx 137593 137393 2026-09-15T16:35:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 137593 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Change_in_Average_Temperature_With_Fahrenheit.svg|alt=The global map shows sea temperature rises of 0.5 to 1 degree Celsius; land temperature rises of 1 to 2 degree Celsius; and Arctic temperature rises of up to 4 degrees Celsius.|thumb| Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 kugeza mu wa 2021 ugereranije na 1956–1976]] [[Dosiye:Global_Temperature_And_Forces_With_Fahrenheit.svg|alt=The graph from 1880 to 2020 shows natural drivers exhibiting fluctuations of about 0.3 degrees Celsius. Human drivers steadily increase by 0.3 degrees over 100 years to 1980, then steeply by 0.8 degrees more over the past 40 years.|thumb| Guhindura mubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwikirere kuva Revolution Revolution yinganda, wongeyeho abashoferi kuri izo mpinduka. Ibikorwa byabantu byatumye ubushyuhe bwiyongera, hamwe nimbaraga karemano zongeramo ibintu bitandukanye. ]] Mu mikoreshereze rusange, '''imihindagurikire y’ikirere''' isobanura '''ubushyuhe bw’isi''' cyangwa kwiyongera kubushyuhe ku isi,- kwiyongera kw’ubushyuhe buringaniye ku isi - n'ingaruka zabyo ku miterere y’ikirere ku isi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu buryo bwagutse ikubiyemo n’imihindagurikire yigihe kirekire y’ikirere k'isi.Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwo ku isi burihuta kurusha impinduka zabanjirije iyi, kandi biterwa ahanini n'abantu batwika ibicanwa . Gukoresha lisansi y’ibinyabuzima, gutema amashyamba, hamwe n’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe by’ubuhinzi n’inganda byongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere, cyane cyane karuboni ya dioxide na metani . Imyuka ya parike ikurura ubushyuhe isi imurika nyuma yo gushyuha izuba. Umubare munini wiyi myuka ifata ubushyuhe bwinshi mukirere cyo hasi k'isi, bigatuma ubushyuhe bu isi Kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubutayu buragenda bwiyongera, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’umuriro n’umuriro bigenda bigaragara. Ubushyuhe bwiyongera muri Arctique bwagize uruhare mu gushonga permafrost, umwiherero w’ibarafu no gutakaza urubura rwo mu nyanja. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nabwo butera umuyaga mwinshi, amapfa, n'ibindi bihe bikabije . Imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije mu misozi, amabuye ya korali, na Arctique ihatira amoko menshi kwimuka cyangwa kuzimangana . <ref>{{Cite web |last=EPA |date=19 January 2017 |title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems |url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction |archive-date=27 January 2018 |access-date=5 February 2019 |quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> Nubwo imbaraga zo kugabanya ubushyuhe buzaza zigenda neza, ingaruka zimwe zizakomeza ibinyejana byinshi. Harimo gushyushya inyanja, aside yo mu nyanja no kuzamuka ku inyanja . Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ibangamira abantu bafite ikibazo cy’ibiribwa n’amazi, kwiyongera kw’umwuzure, ubushyuhe bukabije, indwara nyinshi, ndetse n’ubukungu . Kwimuka kwabantu namakimbirane nabyo birashobora kuba ibisubizo. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryita imihindagurikire y’ikirere kibangamiye ubuzima bw’isi yose mu kinyejana cya 21. Abaturage barashobora guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere binyuze mu mbaraga nko kurinda inkombe cyangwa kwagura uburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere, ariko ingaruka zimwe ntizishobora kwirindwa. Ibihugu bikennye bifite uruhare runini ku byuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi, nyamara bifite ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere . Ingaruka nyinshi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zimaze kugaragara kuri 1.2 ° C (2.2 ° F) urwego rwo gushyuha. Ubushyuhe bwiyongereye buzongera izo ngaruka kandi burashobora gukurura ingingo, nko gushonga k'urubura rwa Greenland . Mu masezerano y’i [[Paris]] 2015, ibihugu byose byemeranije gukomeza gushyuha "munsi yimyaka 2&nbsp;° C ". Ariko, hamwe n’imihigo yatanzwe mu masezerano, ubushyuhe bw’isi buzakomeza kugera kuri 2.7 ° C (4.9 ° F) mu mpera z'ikinyejana. Kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C bizasaba kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu 2030 no kugera kuri 2050 imyuka ihumanya <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:300px;max-width:300px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Bobcat_Fire,_Los_Angeles,_San_Gabriel_Mountains.jpg|alt=Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020|298x298px]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Bleached_colony_of_Acropora_coral.jpg|alt=Bleached colony of Acropora coral|165x165px]]</img></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:96px;overflow:hidden">[[File:California_Drought_Dry_Lakebed_2009.jpg|alt=A dry lakebed in California, which is experiencing its worst megadrought in 1,200 years.|129x129px]]</img></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"> Ingaruka zimwe z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, yerekeza ku isaha uhereye hejuru ibumoso: [[Wildfire|Inkongi y'umuriro]] yakajije umurego kubera ubushyuhe n’amapfa, [[Drought|ubukana bw’amapfa]] bwangiza amazi, hamwe no [[Coral bleaching|guhumanya amakorali]] yatewe n’ubushyuhe [[Marine heatwave|bwo mu nyanja]] . </div></div></div></div> [[Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]] Kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya bisaba kubyara amashanyarazi aturuka kuri karubone nkeya aho gutwika ibicanwa. Iyi mpinduka ikubiyemo gukuraho amakara y’amashanyarazi na gaze gasanzwe, kongera cyane imikoreshereze y’umuyaga, izuba, n’ubundi bwoko bw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu . Amashanyarazi akomoka ku masoko adatanga imyuka ya karubone azakenera gusimbuza ibicanwa biva mu kirere kugira ngo bitwarwe n’amashanyarazi, inyubako zishyushya, n’inganda zikora inganda. Carbone irashobora kandi gukurwa mu kirere, urugero nko [[Kurinda amashyamba|kongera amashyamba]] no guhinga hakoreshejwe uburyo bufata karubone mu butaka . == Amagambo akunze gukoreshwa == Mbere ya za 1980, igihe bitari byumvikana neza niba ubushyuhe bwo kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere bwarushaga imbaraga ubukonje bw’imyuka ihumanya [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|ikirere]], abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresheje iryo jambo ''ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere batabishaka'' bavuga ku ngaruka z’abantu ku kirere. Mu myaka ya za 1980, ijambo ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' n’imihindagurikire ''y’ikirere'' byabaye byinshi. Nubwo ayo magambo yombi rimwe na rimwe akoreshwa mu buryo bumwe, mu buhanga, ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' bwerekana gusa ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, mu gihe ''imihindagurikire y’ikirere'' isobanura impinduka zose z’imiterere y’ikirere ku isi. ''Ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi'' - bwakoreshejwe mu 1975 <ref name="Science_Broeker_19750808">{{Cite journal |last=Broecker |first=Wallace S. |date=8 August 1975 |title=Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? |journal=Science |volume=189 |issue=4201 |pages=460–463 |doi=10.1126/science.189.4201.460 |pmid=17781884}}</ref> - bwabaye ijambo ryamamaye cyane nyuma y’uko umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere wa NASA, James Hansen abukoresheje mu buhamya yatanze mu 1988 muri Sena ya Amerika . Kuva mu myaka ya za 2000, ''imihindagurikire y’ikirere'' yiyongereye mu mikoreshereze. ''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe'' irashobora kandi kwerekeza cyane ku mpinduka zatewe n'abantu cyangwa impinduka kamere mu mateka y'isi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi, abanyapolitiki ndetse n’itangazamakuru ubu bakoresha ijambo ''ikibazo cy’ikirere'' cyangwa ''ibihe byihutirwa by’ikirere'' kugira ngo baganire ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, n’ubushyuhe ''bw’isi'' aho gukoresha ''ubushyuhe bw’isi'' . == Ubushyuhe bwerekanwe == [[Dosiye:Common_Era_Temperature.svg|thumb| Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe ku isi mu myaka 2000 ishize ukoresheje amakuru ya porokisi kuva ku mpeta y'ibiti, korali, hamwe na ice cores mubururu. Ibyatanzwe byerekanwe neza biri mumutuku. <ref name="nasa temperatures">{{Cite web |title=Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=[[NASA]] |archive-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416074510/https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs_v4/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] Imibare myinshi yigenga yibikoresho byerekana ko ikirere gishyuha. Imyaka icumi ya 2011–2020 yashyushye ku kigereranyo cya 1.09&nbsp;° C [0.95–1.20&nbsp;° C] ugereranije n’ibanze byabanjirije inganda (1850–1900). Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buriyongera hafi 0.2&nbsp;° C ku myaka icumi, hamwe na 2020 igera ku bushyuhe bwa 1.2&nbsp;° C hejuru yigihe cyabanjirije inganda. [31] Kuva mu 1950, iminsi yubukonje nijoro nijoro byagabanutse, kandi iminsi yubushyuhe nijoro byiyongera. Habayeho ubushyuhe buke hagati yikinyejana cya 18 hagati yikinyejana cya 19. Amakuru y’ikirere muri kiriya gihe aturuka ku miterere y’ikirere, nk'ibiti hamwe n’ibarafu . Inyandiko za Thermometero zatangiye gutanga amakuru ku isi ahagana mu 1850. Uburyo bwamateka yubushyuhe no gukonja, nka Climate Animate ya Medieval hamwe nigihe gito cyibarafu, ntibyigeze bibera icyarimwe mubice bitandukanye. Ubushyuhe bushobora kuba bwarageze hejuru nko mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 mu turere duto. Habayeho ibice byabanjirije amateka yubushyuhe bwisi, nka Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum . Nyamara, ubwiyongere bugezweho bwiyongera bwubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwa CO bwihuse cyane kuburyo ibintu bitunguranye bya geofiziki mumateka yisi bitegereye igipimo kiriho. Ibimenyetso by'ubushyuhe buva mu bipimo by'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bishimangirwa n'ibindi byinshi byagaragaye. [39] Urugero, harahanuwe kandi harebwa impinduka z’amazi karemano y’amazi, nko kwiyongera inshuro n’ubukonje bw’imvura nyinshi, gushonga kwa shelegi n’ibarafu y’ubutaka, ndetse n’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere bwiyongera. Ibimera n'ibinyabuzima nabyo bitwara muburyo bujyanye n'ubushyuhe; kurugero, ibimera birabya kare mugihe cyizuba. Ikindi kimenyetso cyingenzi ni ugukonjesha ikirere cyo hejuru, byerekana ko imyuka ya parike irimo gufata ubushyuhe hafi yisi kandi ikayirinda gukwirakwira mu kirere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2010 |title=Global Warming |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |access-date=11 September 2020 |publisher=[[NASA JPL]] |quote=Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere. This vertical pattern is consistent with global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases but inconsistent with warming from natural causes. |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814105952/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming |url-status=live }}</ref> Uturere twisi dushyushye kubiciro bitandukanye . Igishushanyo cyigenga aho imyuka ihumanya ikirere isohoka, kubera ko imyuka ikomeza igihe kirekire kuburyo ikwirakwira kwisi. Kuva mu bihe byabanjirije inganda, impuzandengo yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yubutaka bwiyongereye hafi inshuro ebyiri nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwisi. Ibi biterwa nubushyuhe bunini bwinyanja, kandi kubera ko inyanja itakaza ubushyuhe bwinshi mukumuka . Ingufu zumuriro muri gahunda y’ikirere ku isi ziyongereye hamwe n’ikiruhuko gito kuva byibuze mu 1970, kandi hejuru ya 90% y’izo mbaraga ziyongereye zabitswe mu nyanja . <ref name="ocean heat absorption">{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212110601/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content |archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=20 February 2019 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]}}</ref> Ahasigaye hashyushye ikirere, ushonga urubura, kandi ususurutsa imigabane. <ref name="EarthSysSciData_20200907">{{Cite journal |last1=von Schuckmann |first1=Karina |last2=Cheng |first2=Lijing |last3=Palmer |first3=Matthew D. |last4=Hansen |first4=James |date=7 September 2020 |title=Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=2013–2041 |doi=10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020}}</ref> Amajyaruguru y'Amajyaruguru na Pole y'Amajyaruguru byashyushye cyane kurusha Pole y'Amajyepfo n'Amajyepfo y'isi . Amajyaruguru y’Amajyaruguru ntabwo afite ubutaka bwinshi gusa, ahubwo afite ibihe byinshi byurubura hamwe nubura bwinyanja . Mugihe iyi mibumbe ihindagurika yerekana urumuri rwinshi rukaba umwijima nyuma yuko urubura rushonga, batangira gukuramo ubushyuhe bwinshi . Ububiko bwa karubone bwaho bwirabura kuri shelegi na barafu nabyo bigira uruhare mubushyuhe bwa Arctique. Ubushyuhe bwa Arctique buriyongera hejuru yikubye kabiri igipimo cyisi yose . Gushonga kw'ibarafu hamwe n'ibibarafu muri Arctique bihagarika urujya n'uruza rw'inyanja, harimo n'umugezi wa Kigobe wagabanutse, bikomeza guhindura ikirere. == Inshingano yubushyuhe bwa vuba == [[Dosiye:Physical_Drivers_of_climate_change.svg|right|thumb| Abatwara imihindagurikire y’ikirere kuva 1850–1900 kugeza 2010–2019. Nta ntererano ihambaye yatanzwe kuva imbere imbere cyangwa abashoferi b'izuba n'ibirunga.]] Imiterere yikirere ihura ninzinguzingo zitandukanye zishobora kumara imyaka (nka El Niño - Oscillation y'Amajyepfo (ENSO)), imyaka mirongo cyangwa ibinyejana. Izindi mpinduka ziterwa nubusumbane bwingufu "ziva" mumiterere yikirere, ariko ntabwo buri gihe hanze yisi. Ingero z’agahato ko hanze zirimo impinduka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa gaze ya parike, urumuri rwizuba, kuruka [[Ikirunga|kwikirunga]], hamwe nuburyo butandukanye mubizenguruka isi kuzenguruka izuba. Kugirango hamenyekane uruhare rwabantu mu mihindagurikire y’ikirere, hagomba kuvaho imihindagurikire y’ikirere imbere n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Uburyo bw'ingenzi ni ukumenya "igikumwe" kidasanzwe ku mpamvu zose zishobora gutera, hanyuma ugereranye ibyo bitoki hamwe nuburyo bugaragara bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Kurugero, guhatira izuba birashobora kuvaho nkimpamvu ikomeye. Urutoki rwarwo rwaba rushyushye mu kirere cyose. Nyamara, ikirere cyo hasi gusa cyarashyushye, kijyanye na gazi ya parike. Uruhare rw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ruheruka kwerekana ko umushoferi nyamukuru azamuye imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hamwe na aerosole igira ingaruka mbi. === Imyuka yangiza ikirere === [[Dosiye:Carbon_Dioxide_800kyr.svg|thumb|Ubushuhe bwa CO mumyaka 800.000 iheze nkuko bipimye kurubura rwa barafu <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lüthi |first1=Dieter |last2=Le Floch |first2=Martine |last3=Bereiter |first3=Bernhard |last4=Blunier |first4=Thomas |last5=Barnola |first5=Jean-Marc |date=15 May 2008 |title=High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present |journal=Nature |volume=453 |issue=7193 |pages=379–382 |doi=10.1038/nature06949 |pmid=18480821}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=Hubertus |last2=Wahlen |first2=Martin |last3=Smith |first3=Jesse |last4=Mastroianni |first4=Derek |last5=Deck |first5=Bruce |date=12 March 1999 |title=Ice Core Records of Atmospheric CO2 Around the Last Three Glacial Terminations |journal=Science |volume=283 |issue=5408 |pages=1712–1714 |doi=10.1126/science.283.5408.1712 |pmid=10073931}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Indermühle |first1=Andreas |last2=Monnin |first2=Eric |last3=Stauffer |first3=Bernhard |last4=Stocker |first4=Thomas F. |last5=Wahlen |first5=Martin |date=2000 |title=Atmospheric CO2 concentration from 60 to 20 kyr BP from the Taylor Dome Ice Core, Antarctica |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=735–738 |doi=10.1029/1999GL010960}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Etheridge |first=D. |last2=Steele |first2=L. |last3=Langenfelds |first3=R. |last4=Francey |first4=R. |last5=Barnola |first5=J.-M. |last6=Morgan |first6=V. |date=1998 |title=Historical CO2 Records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS Ice Cores |url=https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory |archive-date=2017-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165236/https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (ubururu / icyatsi) kandi butaziguye <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keeling |first=C. |author-link=Charles David Keeling |last2=Whorf |first2=T. |date=2004 |title=Atmospheric CO2 Records from Sites in the SIO Air Sampling Network |url=https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/sio-keel.html |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=[[Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center]], [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] |archive-date=2017-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929234352/https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/co2/sio-keel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (umukara)]] Imyuka ya parike ibonerana ku zuba, bityo ikayemerera kunyura mu kirere kugira ngo ishyushya isi. Isi irabagirana nkubushyuhe, kandi imyuka ya parike ikurura igice cyayo . Uku kwinjiza bidindiza umuvuduko ubushyuhe bwahungira mu kirere, ugafata ubushyuhe hafi yubuso bwisi kandi bugashyuha mugihe runaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NASA |title=The Causes of Climate Change |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/causes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000022/https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/ |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=8 May 2019 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet}}</ref> Mbere y’Impinduramatwara mu nganda, ibisanzwe bisanzwe byuka bihumanya ikirere byatumye umwuka uri hafi yubuso ugera kuri 33&nbsp;° C hashyushye kuruta uko byari kugenda iyo badahari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ACS |author-link=American Chemical Society |title=What Is the Greenhouse Effect? |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526110653/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/climatesciencenarratives/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect.html |archive-date=26 May 2019 |access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref> Mugihe imyuka y'amazi (~ 50%) n'ibicu (~ 25%) aribyo bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bya parike, byiyongera nkibikorwa byubushyuhe bityo bikaba ibisubizo . Ku rundi ruhande, imyuka ya gaze nka CO (~ 20%), tropone ya ozone, CFCs na okiside ya nitrous ntabwo biterwa n'ubushyuhe, bityo rero ni imbaraga zo hanze. Ibikorwa byabantu kuva Revolisiyo yinganda, cyane cyane gukuramo no gutwika ibicanwa biva mu kirere ( amakara, peteroli, na gaze gasanzwe ), byongereye imyuka ya parike mu kirere, bivamo ubusumbane bukabije . Muri 2019, ingufu za CO na metani zariyongereyeho hafi 48% na 160%, kuva mu 1750. Izi nzego za CO zirarenze uko zigeze mugihe icyo aricyo cyose mumyaka miriyoni 2 ishize. Kwishyira hamwe kwa metani birarenze kure cyane uko byari bimeze mumyaka 800.000 ishize. [70] [[Dosiye:CO2 Emissions by Source.svg|right|thumb| Umushinga wa Carbone Global werekana uburyo kwiyongera kuri CO kuva 1880 byatewe ninkomoko zitandukanye zigenda ziyongera.]] Kwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi muri 2019 byari bihwanye na 59&nbsp;toni miliyari ya CO . Muri ibyo byuka, 75% ni CO , 18% ni metani, 4% ni okiside ya nitrous, naho 2% ni gaze ya fluor . Imyuka CO [71] ituruka ahanini ku gutwika ibicanwa kugira ngo bitange ingufu mu gutwara, gukora, gushyushya, n'amashanyarazi. Ibindi byuka bya CO biva mu gutema amashyamba no mu nganda, birimo CO yarekuwe n’imiti yo gukora sima, ibyuma, aluminium, n’ifumbire . Ibyuka bya metani biva mu bworozi, ifumbire, [[Umuceli|guhinga umuceri]], imyanda, amazi mabi, no gucukura amakara, ndetse no gucukura peteroli na gaze . Umwuka wa azote uva ahanini muri mikorobe yangirika y'ifumbire . N’ubwo uruhare rw’amashyamba rwangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hejuru yubutaka bwisi, cyane cyane amashyamba yacyo, bikomeje kuba imyanda ikomeye ya CO . Uburyo bwo kurohama ku butaka, nko gutunganya karubone mu butaka na fotosintezeza, bikuraho hafi 29% by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO ku isi. Inyanja nayo ikora nka karubone ikomeye ikoresheje inzira ebyiri. Ubwa mbere, CO ishonga mumazi yo hejuru. Nyuma yaho, kuzenguruka kwinyanja gukwirakwira mu nyanja imbere, aho ikusanyiriza hamwe igihe kimwe murwego rwa karubone . Mu myaka 20 ishize, inyanja yisi yakiriye 20 kugeza 30% bya CO yasohotse. === Indege n'ibicu === Guhumanya ikirere, muburyo bwa aerosole, bigira ingaruka ku kirere ku rugero runini. Indege ikwirakwiza kandi ikurura imirasire y'izuba. Kuva mu 1961 kugeza 1990, kugabanuka gahoro gahoro k'izuba ryageze ku isi byagaragaye. Iyi phenomenon izwi cyane nka ''global dimming'', kandi iterwa na aerosole ikomoka kumukungugu, umwanda no gutwika ibicanwa na lisansi. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Aerosol pollution has caused decades of global dimming |url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327143716/https://news.agu.org/press-release/aerosol-pollution-caused-decades-of-global-dimming/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xia |first1=Wenwen |last2=Wang |first2=Yong |last3=Chen |first3=Siyu |last4=Huang |first4=Jianping |date=18 January 2022 |title=Double Trouble of Air Pollution by Anthropogenic Dust |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=761–769 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.1c04779 |pmid=34941248}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2020 |title=Global Dimming Dilemna |url=https://www.scientistswarning.org/2020/06/04/dimming-dilemma/ |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129150231/https://www.scientistswarning.org/2020/06/04/dimming-dilemma/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ku isi hose, aerosole yagabanutse kuva mu 1990 kubera kurwanya umwanda, bivuze ko batagihisha ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya parike. Aerosole nayo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ngengo yimirasire yisi . Sulfate aerosole ikora nka nuclei igicu kandi iganisha ku bicu bifite byinshi kandi bito bitonyanga. Ibi bicu byerekana imirasire yizuba neza kuruta ibicu bifite ibitonyanga bike kandi binini. Bigabanya kandi imikurire yimvura, ituma ibicu bigaragarira kumurasire yizuba. Ingaruka zitaziguye za aerosole nizo nini zidashidikanywaho muguhatira imirasire. Mugihe ubusanzwe aerosole igabanya ubushyuhe bwisi yerekana urumuri rwizuba, karubone yumukara muri soot igwa kumubura cyangwa urubura birashobora kugira uruhare mubushyuhe bwisi. Ntabwo ibyo byongera gusa kwinjiza izuba, byongera gushonga no kuzamuka kurwego rwinyanja. Kugabanya ububiko bushya bwa karubone muri Arctique bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi 0.2&nbsp;° C muri 2050. === Ubutaka burahinduka === [[Dosiye:20210331_Global_tree_cover_loss_-_World_Resources_Institute.svg|left|thumb| Igipimo cyo gutakaza ibiti ku isi cyikubye hafi kabiri kuva 2001, kugeza igihombo cyumwaka cyegereye agace kangana n’Ubutaliyani. ]] Abantu bahindura isi cyane cyane kugirango bahinge [[Umurima|ubutaka bwubuhinzi]] . Muri iki gihe, ubuhinzi bufata 34% by'ubutaka bw'isi, mu gihe 26% ari amashyamba, naho 30% akaba adashobora guturwa (ibibarafu, ubutayu, n'ibindi. ). Umubare w'ubutaka bw'amashyamba ukomeje kugabanuka, akaba ari yo mpinduka nyamukuru ikoreshwa ry'ubutaka itera ubushyuhe ku isi. Gutema amashyamba birekura CO iri mu biti iyo byangiritse, byongeye kandi birinda ibyo biti kwinjiza CO nyinshi mugihe kizaza. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera amashyamba ni: guhindura imikoreshereze yubutaka buhoraho kuva mumashyamba kugera kubutaka bwubuhinzi butanga umusaruro nkinka n amavuta yintoki (27%), gutema ibiti byamashyamba / amashyamba (26%), guhinga mugihe gito (24%), n'umuriro (23%). Ubwoko bwibimera mukarere bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe bwaho. Ihindura uko urumuri rw'izuba rugaruka mu kirere ( albedo ), n'ubushyuhe butakara bitewe no guhumeka . Kurugero, impinduka ziva mumashyamba yijimye zijya mubyatsi bituma ubuso bworoha, bigatuma bugaragaza urumuri rwizuba. Gutema amashyamba birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kubushyuhe muguhindura irekurwa ryimiti igabanya ibicu, no guhindura imiterere yumuyaga. Mu turere dushyuha kandi dushushe ingaruka nziza ni ugutanga ubushyuhe bugaragara, mugihe ku burebure bwegereye inkingi inyungu ya albedo (nkuko ishyamba risimbuzwa igifuniko cya shelegi) biganisha ku gukonja. <ref name="Seymour 2019">{{Cite web |last1=Seymour |first1=Frances |last2=Gibbs |first2=David |date=8 December 2019 |title=Forests in the IPCC Special Report on Land Use: 7 Things to Know |url=https://www.wri.org/insights/forests-ipcc-special-report-land-use-7-things-know |website=World Resources Institute}}</ref> Kwisi yose, izi ngaruka zagereranijwe ko zatumye hakonja gato, byiganjemo kwiyongera kwa albedo. === Ibikorwa by'izuba n'ibirunga === Nkuko izuba ariryo soko ryambere ryingufu zisi, impinduka zumucyo wizuba zigira ingaruka muburyo bwimiterere yikirere. Imirasire y'izuba yapimwe na satelite, kandi ibipimo bitaziguye birahari guhera mu ntangiriro ya 1600. <ref name="USGCRP_2017_ch2">{{Cite web |last1=Fahey |first1=D. W. |last2=Doherty |first2=S. J. |last3=Hibbard |first3=K. A. |last4=Romanou |first4=A. |last5=Taylor |first5=P. C. |date=2017 |title=Chapter 2: Physical Drivers of Climate Change |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/2/ |website=Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program}}</ref> Nta cyerekezo cyigeze kigaragara mu bwinshi bw'ingufu z'izuba zigera ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Is the Sun causing global warming? |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505160051/https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/14/is-the-sun-causing-global-warming/ |archive-date=5 May 2019 |access-date=10 May 2019 |website=Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet}}</ref> Ibirunga biturika biturika byerekana imbaraga nini nini mugihe cyinganda. Iyo kuruka gukomeye bihagije (hamwe na dioxyde de sulfure igera kuri stratosifera), urumuri rwizuba rushobora guhagarikwa igice mumyaka ibiri. Ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe kimara hafi kabiri. Mu gihe cy’inganda, ibikorwa by’ibirunga byagize ingaruka zitari nke ku bijyanye n’ubushyuhe bw’isi. Muri iki gihe imyuka y’ibirunga CO <nowiki><sub id="mwAgI">2</sub></nowiki> ihwanye na munsi ya 1% y’imyuka ya antropogene ya CO <sub>2</sub> . [99] Imiterere yimiterere yimiterere yimiterere ntishobora kubyara ubushyuhe bwihuse bwagaragaye mumyaka mirongo ishize iyo urebye gusa itandukaniro ryumusaruro wizuba nibikorwa byibirunga. Ibindi bimenyetso byerekana imyuka ihumanya ikirere itera ubushyuhe bwisi biva mubipimo byerekana ubushyuhe bwikirere cyo hasi ( troposfer ), hamwe no gukonjesha ikirere cyo hejuru ( stratosifera ). Niba imirasire y'izuba ari yo nyirabayazana w'ubushyuhe bwagaragaye, troposse na stratosifike byombi byari gushyuha. === Ibitekerezo by’imihindagurikire y’ibihe === [[Dosiye:NORTH_POLE_Ice_(19626661335).jpg|thumb| Urubura rwo mu nyanja rugaragaza 50% kugeza 70% by'izuba ryinjira, mu gihe inyanja yijimye, igaragaza 6% gusa. Mugihe agace k'ibarafu yo mu nyanja gashonga kandi kakagaragaza inyanja nyinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwinjizwa ninyanja, bikazamura ubushyuhe bushonga urubura rwinshi. Iyi nzira nigitekerezo cyiza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thermodynamics: Albedo |url=https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021602/https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/processes/albedo.html |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=10 October 2017 |website=NSIDC}}</ref>]] Igisubizo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku gahato ka mbere cyahinduwe n’ibisubizo: byongerewe no "kwikomeza" cyangwa "ibyiza" kandi bigabanywa no "kuringaniza" cyangwa "bibi" . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=The study of Earth as an integrated system |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226190002/https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |series=Vitals Signs of the Planet |publisher=Earth Science Communications Team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory / California Institute of Technology}}</ref> Ibyingenzi bishimangira ibitekerezo nibitekerezo byamazi-imyuka, ibitekerezo bya ice-albedo, hamwe ningaruka nziza yibicu. [104] Uburyo bwibanze bwo kuringaniza ni ubukonje bukabije, kuko ubuso bwisi butanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mukirere bitewe nubushyuhe bwiyongera. [106] kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe, hari n'ibisubizwa mu cyerekezo cya karubone, nk'ingaruka zifumbire ya CO ku mikurire y'ibihingwa. Kutamenya neza ibyasubiwemo nimpamvu nyamukuru ituma imiterere itandukanye yikirere igaragaza ubunini butandukanye bwubushyuhe kubwinshi bw’ibyuka bihumanya. Iyo umwuka ushyushye, irashobora gufata ubuhehere bwinshi . Umwuka wamazi, nka gaze ya parike ikomeye, ifata ubushyuhe mukirere. [104] Niba igicu cyiyongereye, urumuri rwizuba luzagaruka mumwanya, bikonje isi. Niba ibicu bibaye byinshi kandi byoroheje, bikora nka insulator, byerekana ubushyuhe buva hepfo inyuma bukamanuka no gushyushya isi. [109] Ingaruka yibicu nisoko nini yo gutanga ibitekerezo bidashidikanywaho. Ikindi gitekerezo cyingenzi nukugabanya igifuniko cyurubura hamwe nubura bwinyanja muri Arctique, bigabanya kugaragariza isi. Ingufu nyinshi zizuba ubu zinjiye muri utwo turere, bigira uruhare mu kongera ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwa Arctique . Arctic amplification nayo irimo gushonga permafrost, irekura metani na CO mukirere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kandi gutuma metani irekurwa mu bishanga, sisitemu yo mu nyanja, hamwe n’amazi meza. [114] Muri rusange, ibisubizo by’ikirere biteganijwe ko bizagenda neza. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’imyuka yatewe na CO yatewe n’ibimera byubutaka ninyanja. Ku butaka, kuzamura CO hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gukura byatumye imikurire ikura. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yongera amapfa n’ubushyuhe bukabije bibuza imikurire y’ibihingwa, bigatuma bidashidikanywaho niba iyi karuboni izakomeza kwiyongera mu bihe biri imbere. Ubutaka burimo karubone nyinshi kandi burashobora kurekura bimwe iyo bishyushye . Nkuko CO nubushyuhe bwinshi byinjizwa ninyanja, irahindura aside, ihindagurika ryayo kandi phytoplankton ifata karubone nkeya, bikagabanya umuvuduko inyanja ikuramo karubone yo mu kirere. Muri [119], hejuru ya CO hejuru yisi Isi izakuramo igice gito cyibyuka byangiza. == Icyitegererezo == [[Dosiye:Projected_Change_in_Temperatures_by_2090.svg|thumb| Biteganijwe ko ubushyuhe bwubuso bwisi buhinduka ugereranije na 1850–1900, bushingiye kuri CMIP6 -moderi nyinshi bisobanura impinduka]] Icyitegererezo cy’ikirere kigaragaza imikorere y’umubiri, imiti, n’ibinyabuzima bigira ingaruka kuri gahunda y’ikirere. Moderi ikubiyemo kandi inzira karemano nkimpinduka zuzenguruka isi, impinduka zamateka mubikorwa byizuba, hamwe no guhatira ibirunga. Icyitegererezo gikoreshwa mukugereranya urugero rwubushyuhe bwoherezwa mu kirere hazaza bizatera igihe hasuzumwe imbaraga z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, hagati yubutaka nikirere. Imyifatire ifatika yicyitegererezo igeragezwa mugusuzuma ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwigana ibihe byubu cyangwa ibyahise. Ingero zashize zasuzuguye igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa Arctique kandi zidaha agaciro umuvuduko w’imvura. Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja kuva mu 1990 ntibwigeze busuzumwa mu buryo bwa kera, ariko imiterere ya vuba iremeranya neza n’ubushakashatsi. Isuzumabumenyi ry’ikirere ryasohowe na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika muri 2017 rivuga ko "imiterere y’ikirere ishobora kuba idaha agaciro cyangwa ikabura uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo". Igice kinini cyimiterere yikirere cyongera ibintu byabaturage muburyo bworoshye bwikirere. Izi ngero zigereranya uburyo abaturage, ubwiyongere bwubukungu, nogukoresha ingufu bigira ingaruka – no gukorana na – ikirere cy'umubiri. Hamwe naya makuru, izo moderi zirashobora gutanga ibintu byerekana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibi noneho bikoreshwa nkibintu byerekana imiterere yimiterere yikirere hamwe nicyitegererezo cya karubone kugirango hamenyekane uburyo ikirere cyo mu kirere cya gaze ya parike ishobora guhinduka mugihe kizaza. Ukurikije imibereho yubukungu nubukungu bworoheje, moderi zitanga ingufu za CO <sub>2</sub> zo mu kirere zingana hagati ya 380 na 1400 ppm. Raporo ya gatandatu ya IPCC Raporo yerekana ko ubushyuhe bwisi bushobora kugera kuri 1.0&nbsp;° C kugeza 1.8&nbsp;° C mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 21 munsi y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere . Hagati aho ubushyuhe bwisi bwagera kuri 2.1&nbsp;° C kugeza kuri 3.5&nbsp;° C, na 3.3&nbsp;° C kugeza 5.7&nbsp;° C munsi yikirere cyinshi cyane . Ibiteganijwe bishingiye ku cyitegererezo cy’ikirere hamwe no kureba. [135] Ingengo yimari ya karubone isigaye igenwa no kwerekana icyerekezo cya karubone hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kuri gaze ya parike. Nk’uko IPCC ibivuga, ubushyuhe bw’isi burashobora kubikwa munsi ya 1.5&nbsp;° C hamwe na bibiri bya gatatu amahirwe niba imyuka ihumanya nyuma ya 2018 itarenze 420 cyangwa 570 gigatonnes ya CO . Ibi bihuye nimyaka 10 kugeza 13 yimyuka ihumanya ikirere. Hano hari byinshi bidashidikanywaho kubyerekeye ingengo yimari. Kurugero, irashobora kuba gigatonnes 100 ya CO ntoya kubera metani irekurwa na permafrost nigishanga . Icyakora, biragaragara ko ibikomoka kuri peteroli y’ibinyabuzima ari byinshi cyane ku buryo ibura ryashingirwaho mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu kinyejana cya 21. == Ingaruka == [[Dosiye:Soil_moisture_and_climate_change.svg|thumb| Raporo ya gatandatu ya IPCC Isuzuma Raporo ihinduka mubushuhe bwubutaka bwubutaka bushobora guhungabanya ubuhinzi nibidukikije. Kugabanuka k'ubushuhe bwubutaka kubwo gutandukana bisanzwe bivuze ko impuzandengo yubutaka bwubutaka buzahuza numwaka wa cyenda wumye hagati ya 1850 na 1900 aho hantu.]] === Ingaruka ku bidukikije === Ingaruka z’ibidukikije z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni nini kandi igera kure, bigira ingaruka ku nyanja, urubura, n’ikirere. Impinduka zirashobora kubaho buhoro buhoro cyangwa vuba. Ibimenyetso kuri izo ngaruka biva mu kwiga imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu bihe byashize, biturutse ku kwerekana imiterere, no mu bushakashatsi bugezweho. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1950, amapfa nubushyuhe byagaragaye icyarimwe hamwe no kongera inshuro. Ibihe bitose cyangwa byumye mugihe cyimvura cyiyongereye mubuhinde no muri [[Aziya]] yuburasirazuba. Igipimo cy’imvura n’ubukomezi bwa serwakira na serwakira birashoboka ko byiyongera, kandi imiterere y’akarere ishobora kwaguka poleward bitewe n’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Studholme |first1=Joshua |last2=Fedorov |first2=Alexey V. |last3=Gulev |first3=Sergey K. |last4=Emanuel |first4=Kerry |last5=Hodges |first5=Kevin |date=2022 |title=Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates |journal=Nature Geoscience |volume=15 |pages=14–28 |doi=10.1038/s41561-021-00859-1}}</ref> Inshuro za serwakira zo mu turere dushyuha ntiziyongereye bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2020 |title=Hurricanes and Climate Change |url=https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |website=[[Center for Climate and Energy Solutions]] |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202042723/https://www.c2es.org/content/hurricanes-and-climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Sea_level_history_and_projections.svg|thumb| Amateka y’inyanja yongeye kwiyubaka hamwe n’ibiteganijwe kugera kuri 2100 byasohowe muri 2017 na Porogaramu ishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka z’Amerika muri Amerika ]] Urwego rw'inyanja ku isi ruzamuka bitewe n'ingaruka zo gushonga kw'ibarafu, gushonga kw'ibarafu muri Greenland na Antaragitika, no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe. Hagati ya 1993 na 2020, izamuka ryiyongereye igihe, ugereranije 3.3&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.3&nbsp;mm ku mwaka. Mu kinyejana cya 21, imishinga ya IPCC ivuga ko mu kirere cyinshi cyane ikirere gishobora kuzamuka kuri 61-110&nbsp;cm. Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwo mu nyanja burimo gutesha agaciro kandi bugatera ubwoba ko hazacukurwa ahantu h'ibarafu ya Antaragitika, hashobora kubaho gushonga cyane ku rubura rwa barafu kandi bikaba bishoboka ko inyanja ya metero 2 yazamuka ikagera kuri 2100 bitewe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. [149] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yatumye imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo igabanuka kandi igabanuka rya barafu yo mu nyanja ya Arctique . Mugihe icyi kitarimo urubura giteganijwe kuba gake kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C dogere yubushyuhe, biteganijwe kubaho rimwe mumyaka itatu cyangwa icumi kurwego rwo gushyuha rwa 2&nbsp;° C. Ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere CO bwateye impinduka muri chimie yo mu nyanja . Ubwiyongere bwa CO bwasheshwe butera inyanja aside . Byongeye kandi, umwuka wa ogisijeni uragabanuka kuko ogisijeni idashonga mu mazi ashyushye. Uturere twapfuye mu nyanja, uturere dufite ogisijeni nkeya, nazo ziraguka. === Gutanga amanota n'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire === Ubushyuhe bukabije bw’ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi byongera ibyago byo kunyura ' ahantu hahanamye ' - imbibi zirenze izo ngaruka zimwe na zimwe ntizishobora kwirindwa nubwo ubushyuhe bwagabanutse. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Armstrong McKay |first1=David I. |last2=Staal |first2=Arie |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Winkelmann |first4=Ricarda |date=9 September 2022 |title=Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points |journal=Science |volume=377 |issue=6611 |pages=eabn7950 |doi=10.1126/science.abn7950 |pmid=36074831}}</ref> Urugero ni ugusenyuka kw'ibarafu ya Antaragitika y'Iburengerazuba na Greenland, aho ubushyuhe buzamuka 1.5 kugeza 2&nbsp;° C irashobora kwiyemeza amabati gushonga, nubwo igihe cyo gushonga kitazwi kandi biterwa nubushyuhe buzaza. <ref name="NESSC2018">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=Tipping points in Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets |url=https://www.nessc.nl/tipping-points-ice-sheets/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=NESSC |archive-date=26 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226045737/https://www.nessc.nl/tipping-points-ice-sheets/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Impinduka nini nini zishobora kubaho mugihe gito, nko guhagarika imigezi imwe yinyanja nka Atlantike Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Ingingo zitanga inama zirashobora kandi kubamo kwangirika bidasubirwaho kubidukikije nkibiti byamashyamba ya Amazone hamwe namabuye ya korali. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearce |first=Rosamund |last2=Prater |first2=Tom |date=10 February 2020 |title=Nine Tipping Points That Could Be Triggered by Climate Change |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/ |access-date=27 May 2022 |publisher=CarbonBrief |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007002119/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku nyanja zirimo gushonga urubura, ubushyuhe bw’inyanja, izamuka ry’inyanja, hamwe na aside aside . Mu bihe by’ibinyejana kugeza mu binyejana byinshi, ubunini bw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere buzagenwa cyane cyane n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere CO . Ibi biterwa na CO 'ndende yubuzima bwikirere. Kwakira inyanja CO biratinda bihagije kuburyo aside yo mu nyanja izakomeza kumyaka ibihumbi kugeza ibihumbi. [163] Bivugwa ko ibyo byuka byongereye igihe cy’ibihe by’ibihe byibuze imyaka 100.000. Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja buzakomeza mu binyejana byinshi, bivugwa ko izamuka rya 2.3 metres per degree Celsius (4.2 ft / ° F) nyuma yimyaka 2000. === Kamere n'ibinyabuzima === Ubushyuhe bwa vuba bwateje amoko menshi yo ku isi n’amazi meza poleward no kugera ahirengeye . Urwego rwo hejuru rwo mu kirere CO hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gukura byatumye habaho icyatsi kibisi. Nyamara, ubushyuhe n’amapfa byagabanije umusaruro w’ibidukikije mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Impirimbanyi zizaza zizi ngaruka zinyuranye ntizisobanutse. [167] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yagize uruhare mu kwagura ahantu humye h’ikirere, nko kwagura ubutayu muri subtropique . Ingano n'umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi birahindura impinduka zitunguranye muri urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bishoboka. [169] Muri rusange, biteganijwe ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere izavamo amoko menshi. [170] Inyanja yashyushye gahoro gahoro kurusha ubutaka, ariko ibimera ninyamaswa zo mu nyanja bimukiye mu nkingi zikonje vuba kurusha amoko yo ku butaka. Kimwe no ku butaka, ubushyuhe bwo mu nyanja bubaho kenshi bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bikangiza ibinyabuzima byinshi nka korali, kelp, n’inyoni zo mu nyanja . Acide acide yo mu nyanja ituma bigora ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja nka mussele, barnacle na korali kubyara ibishishwa na skeleti ; nubushyuhe bwahumuye amabuye ya korali . [173] Indabyo mbi ya algal yongerewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe na eutrophasi igabanya urugero rwa ogisijeni, bigahungabanya imiyoboro y’ibiribwa kandi bigatakaza ubuzima bw’inyanja. Ibinyabuzima byo ku nkombe birahangayitse cyane. Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibishanga ku isi byarazimye kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’izindi ngaruka z’abantu. [175] {| class="center toccolours" |+'''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku bidukikije''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> Dosiye:Bleachedcoral.jpg|alt = Amafoto yo mumazi ya korali ishami ryera ryera | [[Ecological collapse|Isenyuka ry’ibidukikije]] . Guhumura [[Coral bleaching|kwa korali]] biturutse [[Marine heatwave|kumyuka yubushyuhe]] byangije [[Great Barrier Reef|inyanja nini]] kandi bibangamira [[Coral reef|amabuye ya korali]] kwisi yose. Dosiye:Orroral Valley Fire viewed from Tuggeranong January 2020.jpg|alt = Ifoto ya nimugoroba mugace ka kibaya. Igishushanyo cyumusozi uri hakurya cyaka gitukura kuva mumuriro. | [[Extreme weather|Ikirere gikabije]] . Uruzuba hamwe nubushuhe bukabije bwarushijeho gukomera muri [[2019–20 Australian bushfire season#Climate change|2020 muri Ositaraliya]] . Dosiye:National Park Service Thawing permafrost (27759123542).jpg|alt = Ahantu nyaburanga harahagarikwa ninkovu nini yuzuye ibyondo aho ubutaka bwagabanutse. | [[Climate change in the Arctic|Ubushyuhe bwa Arctique]] . [[Permafrost#Climate change effects|Permafrost yonona]] ibikorwa remezo no [[Arctic methane emissions|kurekura metani]], gaze ya parike. <ref name="Turetsky 2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Turetsky |first1=Merritt R. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Jones |first3=Miriam C. |last4=Anthony |first4=Katey Walter |date=2019 |title=Permafrost collapse is accelerating carbon release |journal=Nature |volume=569 |issue=7754 |pages=32–34 |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-01313-4 |pmid=31040419}}</ref> Dosiye:Endangered arctic - starving polar bear edit.jpg|alt = Ikidubu cyacitse intege gihagaze hejuru y ibisigazwa byurubura rushonga. | [[Habitat destruction|Kurimbuka]] . Inyamaswa nyinshi zo mu majyaruguru zishingiye ku rubura rwo mu nyanja, zagiye zicika muri Arctique ishyuha. Dosiye:Mountain Pine Beetle damage in the Fraser Experimental Forest 2007.jpg|alt = Ifoto yikibanza kinini cyamashyamba. Ibiti byatsi bivanze nibiti binini byangiritse cyangwa byapfuye bihinduka ibara ry'umuyugubwe-umutuku n'umutuku. | [[Climate change and invasive species|Gukwirakwiza udukoko]] . Ubukonje bworoheje butuma [[Mountain pine beetle|inyenzi]] nyinshi zinanasi zibaho kugirango zice amashyamba manini. </gallery> |} === Abantu === [[Dosiye:20211109_Frequency_of_extreme_weather_for_different_degrees_of_global_warming_-_bar_chart_IPCC_AR6_WG1_SPM.svg|thumb| Ikirere gikabije kizagenda kigaragara cyane uko isi ishyuha. ]] Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zigira ingaruka ku bantu ahantu hose ku isi. Ingaruka zirashobora kugaragara ubu kumugabane wose no mukarere kinyanja, hamwe nuburinganire buke, uduce tudateye imbere duhura ningaruka zikomeye. Ubushuhe bukomeje kugira “ingaruka zikomeye, zikwirakwira kandi zidasubirwaho” ku bantu no ku bidukikije. Ingaruka ziratangwa ku buryo butangana, ariko muri rusange ni nyinshi kubantu batishoboye mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kandi byateye imbere. ==== Ibiryo n'ubuzima ==== OMS yashyize ahagaragara imihindagurikire y’ikirere nk’ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima bw’isi yose mu kinyejana cya 21. Ikirere gikabije kiganisha ku gukomeretsa no gutakaza ubuzima, no kunanirwa kw'ibihingwa ku mirire mibi . Indwara zitandukanye zandura zandura mu buryo bworoshye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, nka feri ya dengue na malariya . [188] Abana bato ni bo bibasirwa cyane no kubura ibiryo. Abana ndetse n'abantu bakuru bakunze kwibasirwa n'ubushyuhe bukabije. [189] ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryagereranije ko hagati ya 2030 na 2050, imihindagurikire y’ikirere yatera impfu zigera ku 250.000 ku mwaka. Basuzumye impfu ziterwa n'ubushyuhe ku bageze mu zabukuru, kwiyongera kw'impiswi, malariya, dengue, umwuzure wo ku nkombe, n'imirire mibi y'abana. Biteganijwe ko buri mwaka hapfa abantu barenga 500.000 bapfa bakuze bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ibiribwa ndetse n'ubuziranenge. Kugeza 2100, 50% kugeza 75% byabatuye isi barashobora guhura nikirere cyangiza ubuzima bitewe ningaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bukabije nubushuhe. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku kwihaza mu biribwa . Byatumye igabanuka ry'umusaruro w'ibigori, ingano, na soya hagati ya 1981 na 2010. Ubushyuhe buzaza bushobora kurushaho kugabanya umusaruro wisi ku bihingwa bikomeye. Umusaruro w’ibihingwa birashoboka ko uzagira ingaruka mbi mubihugu bidafite uburinganire buke, mugihe ingaruka zamajyaruguru zishobora kuba nziza cyangwa mbi. Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 183 biyongera ku isi, cyane cyane abafite amikoro make, bafite inzara kubera izo ngaruka. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe nayo igira ingaruka ku baturage b’amafi. Kwisi yose, bike bizaboneka kuroba. [197] Uturere dushingiye ku mazi y’ibarafu, uturere tumaze gukama, n’ibirwa bito bifite ibyago byinshi byo guhangayikishwa n’amazi bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. ==== Imibereho ==== Ibyangiritse mu bukungu bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere birashobora kuba bikomeye kandi hari amahirwe y’ingaruka mbi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ishobora kuba imaze kongera ubusumbane mu bukungu ku isi, kandi biteganijwe ko izakomeza. Ingaruka nyinshi ziteganijwe muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara, aho abaturage benshi baho batunzwe n'umutungo kamere n'ubuhinzi ''',''' na Aziya y'Amajyepfo-Uburasirazuba. Banki y'isi ivuga ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ishobora gutuma abantu barenga miliyoni 120 mu bukene mu 2030. [203] Ubusumbane buriho bushingiye ku butunzi n'imibereho myiza bwarushijeho kwiyongera kubera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ingorane zikomeye mu kugabanya, guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zihura n’abantu bahejejwe inyuma badafite ubushobozi buke ku mutungo. <ref name=":7">Grabe, Grose and Dutt, 2014; FAO, 2011; FAO, 2021a; Fisher and Carr, 2015; IPCC, 2014; Resurrección et al., 2019; UNDRR, 2019; Yeboah et al., 2019.</ref> Abasangwabutaka, batunzwe n'ubutaka bwabo ndetse n'ibidukikije, bazahura n'ingaruka z'imibereho yabo n'imibereho yabo kubera imihindagurikire y'ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |access-date=29 April 2022 |website=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs |archive-date=13 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113073917/https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/climate-change.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Impuguke zatanzwe zanzuye ko uruhare rw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu ntambara yitwaje intwaro rwabaye ruto ugereranije n’ibintu nk’ubusumbane mu mibereho n’ubukungu ndetse n’ubushobozi bwa Leta. [207] Ibirwa biri hasi hamwe n’abaturage bo ku nkombe babangamiwe n’izamuka ry’inyanja, bigatuma imyuzure ikunze kugaragara. Rimwe na rimwe, ubutaka bwatakaye burundu ku nyanja. [208] Ibi bishobora gutera ubwenegihugu kubantu bo mu bihugu birwa, nka [[Malidivezi|Malidiya]] na [[Tuvalu]] . Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, izamuka ry’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe birashobora kuba bibi cyane ku buryo abantu batabimenyera. [210] Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikabije, imishinga yerekana ko hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ikiremwamuntu ishobora gutura mu bihe bishyushye cyane kandi bidashobora guturwa, bisa n’ikirere kiriho ubu kiboneka muri Sahara. Izi ngingo zishobora gutwara kwimuka kw ibidukikije, haba mubihugu ndetse no mubihugu. Abantu benshi biteganijwe ko bazimurwa kubera izamuka ry’inyanja, ikirere gikabije n’amakimbirane biturutse ku guhatanira kongera umutungo kamere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kandi kongera intege nke, biganisha ku "baturage bafashwe" badashobora kwimuka kubera kubura amikoro. {| class="center toccolours" |+'''Imihindagurikire y’ibihe igira ingaruka ku bantu''' |<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="line-height:120%"> Dosiye:Village Telly in Mali.jpg|[[Environmental migrant|Kwimuka kw'ibidukikije]] . Imvura idasanzwe iganisha ku [[Desertification|butayu]] bwangiza ubuhinzi kandi bushobora kwimura abaturage. Yerekanwa: Telly, Mali (2008). Dosiye:Corn shows the effect of drought.jpg|[[Effects of climate change on agriculture|Impinduka mu buhinzi]] . Amapfa, ubushyuhe bwiyongera, nikirere gikabije bigira ingaruka mbi mubuhinzi. Yerekanwa: Texas, Amerika (2013). Dosiye:Acqua alta in Piazza San Marco-original.jpg|[[Tidal flooding|Umwuzure w'amazi]] . Ubwiyongere bw'inyanja bwongera umwuzure mu turere two ku nkombe z'inyanja. Yerekanwa: [[Venice#Flooding|Venise, Ubutaliyani]] (2004). Dosiye:US Navy 071120-M-8966H-005 An aerial view over southern Bangladesh reveals extensive flooding as a result of Cyclone Sidr.jpg|[[Tropical cyclones and climate change|Kwiyongera k'umuyaga]] . Bangaladeshi nyuma ya [[Cyclone Sidr|serwakira Sidr]] (2007) ni urugero rwumwuzure w’ibiza uturutse ku mvura yiyongereye. Dosiye:The heat is on ESA19461898.jpeg|Ubushyuhe bukabije. Ibintu nka [[June 2019 European heat wave|Kamena 2019 ubushyuhe bwi Burayi]] buragenda bwiyongera. </gallery> |} == Kugabanya no gufata ibyuka bihumanya == [[Dosiye:Greenhouse_gas_emission_scenarios_01.svg|left|thumb| Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi hose, bishingiye kuri politiki n'imihigo guhera ku ya 11/21]] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kugabanywa mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kongera imyanda ikurura imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwisi kugeza munsi ya 1.5&nbsp;° C ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi bigomba kuba net-zeru muri 2050, cyangwa muri 2070 hamwe na 2&nbsp;Intego ya C. Ibi bisaba impinduka zigera kure, zitunganijwe muburyo butigeze bubaho mu mbaraga, ubutaka, imigi, ubwikorezi, inyubako, n'inganda. Gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije ivuga ko ibihugu bigomba kwikuba gatatu ibyo byiyemeje mu masezerano y’i Paris mu myaka icumi iri imbere kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw’isi bugere kuri 2&nbsp;° C. Urwego runini rwo kugabanya rusabwa kugirango rwuzuze 1.5&nbsp;° C intego. Hamwe n'imihigo yatanzwe mu masezerano guhera mu Kwakira 2021, ubushyuhe bw’isi buracyafite amahirwe ya 66% yo kugera kuri 2.7&nbsp;° C (intera: 2.2–3.2&nbsp;° C) mu mpera z'ikinyejana. Kwisi yose, kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 2&nbsp;° C irashobora kuvamo inyungu zirenze ibiciro. Nubwo nta nzira imwe yo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5 cyangwa 2&nbsp; C. Kugabanya umuvuduko w’ibinyabuzima no kongera ubushobozi bwa gahunda ya karubone, impinduka nazo zaba nkenerwa mu buhinzi n’amashyamba, nko gukumira amashyamba no kugarura urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima hakoreshejwe amashyamba . Ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bufite ibyago byinshi. Scenarios igabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C mubisanzwe umushinga munini wo gukoresha uburyo bwo gukuraho karuboni ya dioxyde mu kinyejana cya 21. Hano hari impungenge, nubwo, gushingira cyane kuri tekinoroji, n'ingaruka ku bidukikije. Imicungire y'izuba (SRM) nayo ninyongera ishoboka yo kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ariko, SRM yazamura ibibazo bikomeye byimyitwarire namategeko, kandi ingaruka ntizisobanutse neza. === Ingufu zisukuye === [[Dosiye:Global_Energy_Consumption.svg|thumb| Amakara, peteroli, na gaze gasanzwe bikomeza kuba isoko yambere yingufu zisi nubwo ibivugururwa byatangiye kwiyongera byihuse. ]] [[Dosiye:Lisberg_Burg_Windräder_Solar_power_PC313027.jpg|thumb| Umuyaga n'izuba, Ubudage]] Ingufu zisubirwamo ni urufunguzo rwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ibicanwa biva mu kirere byagize 80% by'ingufu z'isi muri 2018. Umugabane wasigaye wagabanijwe hagati y’ingufu za kirimbuzi n’ibishobora kongerwa (harimo amashanyarazi, bioenergy, umuyaga n’izuba n’ingufu za geothermal ). Urwo ruvange ruteganijwe guhinduka cyane mumyaka 30 iri imbere. Imirasire y'izuba hamwe n'umuyaga wo ku nkombe ubu biri muburyo buhendutse bwo kongerera ingufu amashanyarazi mashya ahantu henshi. Ibishobora kuvugururwa byagaragazaga 75% by'amashanyarazi mashya yose yashyizwe muri 2019, hafi izuba n'umuyaga. Ubundi buryo bwingufu zisukuye, nka kirimbuzi n’amashanyarazi, kuri ubu bifite uruhare runini mu gutanga ingufu. Ariko, iteganyagihe ryiterambere ryabo risa nkaho rigereranijwe. Kugera kuri 2050 kutabogama kwa karubone, ingufu zishobora kuba uburyo bwambere bwo kubyara amashanyarazi, bikazamuka kugera kuri 85% cyangwa birenga muri 2050 mubihe bimwe. Ishoramari mu makara ryavaho kandi ikoreshwa ry’amakara hafi ya 2050. Amashanyarazi aturuka ku masoko ashobora kuvugururwa nayo agomba kuba isoko nyamukuru yo gushyushya no gutwara. Ubwikorezi burashobora kuva mumodoka ya moteri yaka imbere no kugana ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, inzira nyabagendwa, hamwe nubwikorezi bukora (gusiganwa ku magare no kugenda). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Transport emissions |url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010225533/https://ec.europa.eu/clima/eu-action/transport-emissions_en |archive-date=10 October 2021 |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Climate action |publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> Kubyohereza no kuguruka, lisansi nkeya yagabanya ibyuka bihumanya. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last1=Rogelj |first1=J. |last2=Shindell |first2=D. |last3=Jiang |first3=K. |last4=Fifita |first4=S. |date=2018 |title=Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5°C in the Context of Sustainable Development |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter2_High_Res.pdf |website=Global Warming of 1.5°C |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |pages=93–174}}</ref> Ubushyuhe bushobora kurushaho kuba decarbonone hamwe nikoranabuhanga nka pompe yubushyuhe . Hariho inzitizi zo gukomeza kwiyongera byihuse byingufu zisukuye, harimo nibishobora kuvugururwa. Ku muyaga n'izuba, hari ibidukikije n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka ku mishinga mishya. Umuyaga nizuba nabyo bitanga ingufu mugihe kimwe nigihe gihindagurika . Ubusanzwe, ingomero za hydro zifite ibigega hamwe ninganda zisanzwe zikoreshwa mugihe umusaruro uhindagurika ari muke. Kujya imbere, ububiko bwa batiri burashobora kwagurwa, ingufu zikenewe hamwe nibitangwa birashobora guhuzwa, kandi kohereza intera ndende birashobora guhinduka neza kubishobora kuvugururwa. Bioenergy ntabwo iba idafite karubone kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubiribwa. Ubwiyongere bw'ingufu za kirimbuzi bugarukwaho n'impaka zishingiye ku myanda ya kirimbuzi, ikwirakwizwa ry'intwaro za kirimbuzi, n'impanuka . <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Akos |last2=Rachlew |first2=Elisabeth |date=2016 |title=Nuclear power in the 21st century: Challenges and possibilities |journal=Ambio |volume=45 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S38–S49 |doi=10.1007/s13280-015-0732-y |pmid=26667059}}</ref> Iterambere ry’amashanyarazi rigarukira ku kuba ahantu heza hateguwe, kandi imishinga mishya ikaba ihanganye n’ibibazo by’imibereho n’ibidukikije. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydropower |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |access-date=12 October 2020 |website=iea.org |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |quote=Hydropower generation is estimated to have increased by over 2% in 2019 owing to continued recovery from drought in Latin America as well as strong capacity expansion and good water availability in China (...) capacity expansion has been losing speed. This downward trend is expected to continue, due mainly to less large-project development in China and Brazil, where concerns over social and environmental impacts have restricted projects. |archive-date=13 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013011718/https://www.iea.org/reports/hydropower |url-status=live }}</ref> Ingufu nke za karubone zitezimbere ubuzima bwabantu mukugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ifite kandi inyungu mu gihe cya vuba cyo kugabanya impfu ziterwa n’ikirere, zagereranyaga miliyoni 7 buri mwaka mu 2016. Kuzuza intego zamasezerano ya Paris agabanya ubushyuhe kuri 2&nbsp;Ubwiyongere bwa C bushobora gukiza abagera kuri miliyoni muri ubwo buzima mu mwaka wa 2050, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’isi bugera kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C irashobora kuzigama miriyoni kandi icyarimwe ikongerera umutekano ingufu no kugabanya ubukene. Kuzamura ikirere kandi bifite inyungu zubukungu zishobora kuba nini kuruta ibiciro bya mituweli. === Kubungabunga ingufu === Kugabanya ingufu zikenewe ni ikindi kintu gikomeye cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Niba ingufu nke zikenewe, haribindi byoroshye guhinduka byiterambere ryingufu. Bituma kandi byoroha gucunga amashanyarazi, kandi bikagabanya iterambere ryibikorwa remezo byibanda cyane. Kwiyongera kwinshi mu ishoramari ry’ingufu bizasabwa kugera ku ntego z’ikirere, ugereranije n’urwego rw’ishoramari mu mbaraga zishobora kubaho. Impinduka nyinshi za COVID-19 zijyanye no gukoresha ingufu, ishoramari rikoresha ingufu, ninkunga byatumye iteganyagihe ryiyi myaka icumi rigoye kandi ridashidikanywaho. Ingamba zo kugabanya ingufu zikenerwa ziratandukanye. Mu bwikorezi, abagenzi n’imizigo barashobora guhinduka muburyo bwiza bwo gukora ingendo, nka bisi na gari ya moshi, cyangwa gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ingamba zinganda zo kugabanya ingufu zikenewe zirimo kunoza sisitemu yo gushyushya na moteri, gukora ibicuruzwa bitita cyane ku mbaraga, no kongera ubuzima bwibicuruzwa. Mu rwego rwubwubatsi hibandwa ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’inyubako nshya, n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’ingufu zikoreshwa muri retrofiting. Gukoresha tekinoroji nka pompe yubushyuhe birashobora kandi kongera ingufu zubaka. === Ubuhinzi n'inganda === [[Dosiye:Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_by_Economic_Sector.svg|thumb| Urebye imyuka ihumanya itaziguye kandi itaziguye, inganda nizo nzego zifite uruhare runini rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.]] Ubuhinzi n’amashyamba bihura n’ingorabahizi eshatu zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, birinda ko amashyamba ahinduka mu butaka bw’ubuhinzi, ndetse no kwiyongera kw’ibiribwa ku isi. Ibikorwa byinshi bishobora kugabanya ubuhinzi n’amashyamba ashingiye ku mashyamba bibiri bya gatatu kuva ku rwego rwa 2010. Muri byo harimo kugabanya ubwiyongere bukenewe ku biribwa n’ibindi bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi, kongera umusaruro w’ubutaka, kurinda no kugarura amashyamba, no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu buhinzi. Kuruhande rwibisabwa, igice cyingenzi cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni uguhindura abantu ibiryo bikomoka ku bimera . Kurandura umusaruro w’amatungo y’inyama n’amata byakuraho hafi 3/4 by’ibyuka bihumanya biva mu buhinzi n’ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka. Amatungo kandi afite 37% yubutaka butagira urubura kwisi kandi akoresha ibiryo biva kuri 12% yubutaka bukoreshwa mubihingwa, gutwara amashyamba no kwangirika kwubutaka. Umusaruro w'ibyuma na sima ushinzwe hafi 13% byangiza imyanda ya CO . Muri izo nganda, ibikoresho byibanda cyane kuri karubone nka kokiya na lime bigira uruhare runini mu musaruro, ku buryo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere CO bisaba ubushakashatsi mu bundi buryo bwa shimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Low and zero emissions in the steel and cement industries |url=https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf |pages=11, 19–22 |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2022-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901044811/https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/GGSD2019_IssuePaper_CementSteel.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> === Urutonde rwa karubone === [[Dosiye:Carbon_Dioxide_Partitioning.svg|thumb| Ibyuka byinshi byangiza imyuka CO byinjijwe no kurohama karubone, harimo gukura kw'ibimera, gufata ubutaka, no gufata inyanja (Ingengo y’imari ya 2020 ya Carbone ).]] Imyuka ya karubone isanzwe irashobora kongererwa imbaraga kugirango ikurikirane cyane CO irenze urwego rusanzwe rusanzwe. Gutema amashyamba no gutera ibiti ku butaka butari amashyamba biri mu buhanga bukuze bukurikirana, nubwo bwa nyuma butera impungenge ibiribwa. Abahinzi barashobora guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa rya karubone mu butaka binyuze mu bikorwa nko gukoresha ibihingwa bitwikiriye imbeho, kugabanya ubukana n’inshuro yo guhinga, no gukoresha ifumbire n’ifumbire nkivugurura ubutaka. Kugarura / kwidagadura ibishanga byo ku nkombe n’ibyatsi byo mu nyanja byongera gufata karubone mu bintu kama ( karubone yubururu ). Iyo karubone ifashwe mubutaka no mubintu kama nkibiti, harikibazo cyuko karubone yongeye kurekurwa mukirere nyuma binyuze mumihindagurikire yimikoreshereze yubutaka, umuriro, cyangwa izindi mpinduka mubidukikije. Iyo ingufu zitanga ingufu cyangwa CO - inganda zikomeye zikomeje gutanga imyanda CO , gaze irashobora gufatwa ikabikwa aho kurekurwa mukirere. Nubwo ikoreshwa ryayo rigarukira mubipimo kandi bihenze, gufata no kubika karubone (CCS) birashobora kugira uruhare runini mukugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere cya CO mu kinyejana rwagati. [270] Ubu buhanga, bufatanije na bioenergy ( BECCS ) bushobora kuvamo imyuka mibi: CO ikurwa mu kirere. Kugeza ubu ntiharamenyekana neza niba tekinike yo gukuramo karubone izashobora kugira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ubushyuhe kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C. Ibyemezo bya politiki bishingiye ku gukuraho karuboni ya dioxyde byongera ibyago byo gushyuha kwisi kuzamuka kurenza intego mpuzamahanga. == Kurwanya == [[Dosiye:FrontLines-EGAT_2011_Environment_Photo_Contest_Top_Entry_(5842818280).jpg|thumb| Gutera Mangrove hamwe no kubungabunga ibidukikije birashobora kugabanya imyuzure yo ku nkombe .]] [[Dosiye:Seawallventnor.jpg|thumb| Inyanja yo kurinda umuyaga ukabije watewe no kuzamuka kwinyanja]] [[Dosiye:20080708_Chicago_City_Hall_Green_Roof_Edit1.jpg|thumb| Igisenge kibisi kugirango gitange ubukonje mumijyi]] Kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ni "inzira yo guhindura imihindagurikire y'ikirere cyangwa iteganijwe mu kirere n'ingaruka zayo". <ref name=":32">IPCC, 2022: [https://web.archive.org/web/20230122220619/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf Summary for Policymakers] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: [https://web.archive.org/web/20220318140208/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3–33, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.001.</ref> : 5 Hatabayeho kugabanuka kworoheje, kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ntibishobora gukumira ingaruka z’ingaruka zikomeye, zikwirakwira kandi zidasubirwaho. [274] Imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikabije isaba guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, bishobora kuba bihenze cyane. [275] Ubushobozi nubushobozi abantu bashobora kumenyera bikwirakwizwa mu turere dutandukanye ndetse n’abaturage, kandi ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere muri rusange bifite bike. Imyaka 20 yambere yikinyejana cya 21 hagaragaye kwiyongera mubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’imihindagurikire y’ibihugu byinshi bikennye kandi biciriritse hamwe n’iterambere ry’isuku n’amashanyarazi, ariko iterambere riratinda. Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu bikorwa politiki yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ariko, hariho itandukaniro rinini hagati yimari ikenewe kandi iboneka. [277] Kumenyera kuzamuka kwinyanja bigizwe no kwirinda ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’akaga, kwiga kubana n’umwuzure wiyongereye no kurindwa. Niba ibyo binaniwe, umwiherero ucungwa urashobora gukenerwa. Hano hari inzitizi zubukungu mugukemura ingaruka zubushyuhe. Kwirinda akazi gakomeye cyangwa kugira ubukonje ntibishoboka kuri bose. [279] Mu buhinzi, uburyo bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere burimo guhinduranya indyo irambye, gutandukana, kurwanya isuri no kunoza imiterere y’imiterere hagamijwe kwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ikirere. [280] Ubwishingizi butanga kugabana ibyago, ariko akenshi biragoye kubona kubantu binjiza amafaranga make. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Surminski |first1=Swenja |last2=Bouwer |first2=Laurens M. |last3=Linnerooth-Bayer |first3=Joanne |date=2016 |title=How insurance can support climate resilience |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=333–334 |doi=10.1038/nclimate2979}}</ref> Uburezi, abimukira hamwe na sisitemu yo kuburira hakiri kare birashobora kugabanya ingaruka z’ikirere. [282] Gutera mangrove cyangwa gutera inkunga ibindi bimera byo ku nkombe birashobora guhagarika umuyaga. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Mangroves against the storm |url=https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Shorthand |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120195218/https://social.shorthand.com/IUCN_forests/nCec1jyqvn/mangroves-against-the-storm.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=How marsh grass could help protect us from climate change |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=World Economic Forum |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120195234/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-marsh-grass-protects-shorelines/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ruhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, inzira ishobora gushyigikirwa n'abantu. Mugukomeza guhuza urusobe rwibinyabuzima, amoko arashobora kwimuka mubihe byiza byikirere. Ubwoko burashobora kandi kwerekanwa mubice bifite ikirere cyiza . Kurinda no gusana ahantu nyaburanga nigice cya kamere bifasha kubaka imbaraga, byorohereza urusobe rwibinyabuzima guhinduka. Byinshi mubikorwa biteza imbere imihindagurikire y’ibinyabuzima, bifasha kandi abantu kumenyera binyuze mu kurwanya ibidukikije . Kurugero, kugarura gahunda yumuriro karemano bituma umuriro wibiza udashoboka, kandi bikagabanya guhura kwabantu. Guha inzuzi umwanya munini bituma habaho kubika amazi muri sisitemu karemano, kugabanya ibyago byumwuzure. Amashyamba yagaruwe akora nk'icyuzi cya karubone, ariko gutera ibiti mu turere tudakwiye birashobora kongera ingaruka z’ikirere. Hariho imikoranire hamwe nubucuruzi hagati yo kurwanya no kugabanya ibicuruzwa. Kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere akenshi bitanga inyungu z'igihe gito, mu gihe kugabanuka bifite inyungu z'igihe kirekire. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=Pam M. |last2=Brown |first2=Sally |last3=Chen |first3=Minpeng |last4=Kontogianni |first4=Areti |date=2015 |title=Cross-sectoral interactions of adaptation and mitigation measures |journal=Climatic Change |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=381–393 |doi=10.1007/s10584-014-1214-0}}</ref> Kongera imikoreshereze yumuyaga bituma abantu barushaho guhangana nubushyuhe, ariko byongera ingufu zikenewe. [[IMITURIRE|Iterambere ryimijyi]] irashobora gutuma imyuka igabanuka mu bwikorezi no kubaka. Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kongera ingaruka zo mu birwa byo mu mujyi, biganisha ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru no kwiyongera. Kongera umusaruro w'ibiribwa bifite inyungu nini haba mu kurwanya no kugabanya. == Ingamba na politiki == Ibihugu byibasirwa cyane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ubusanzwe byashinzwe uruhare ruto rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibi bitera kwibaza kubyerekeye ubutabera nubutabera. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ifitanye isano n’iterambere rirambye. Kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’isi byoroha kugera ku ntego z’iterambere rirambye, nko kurandura ubukene no kugabanya ubusumbane. Ihuriro ryemewe mu ntego zirambye z’iterambere 13 ari "gufata ingamba zihutirwa zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n'ingaruka zayo". Intego ku biribwa, amazi meza no kurengera ibidukikije bifite aho bihurira no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. [291] Geopolitike y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere iragoye. Byakunze gushyirwaho nkikibazo cyo gutwara abantu ku buntu, aho ibihugu byose byungukira mu kugabanya ibicuruzwa byakozwe n’ibindi bihugu, ariko ibihugu bitandukanye byatakaza kuva mu bukungu buke bwa karubone ubwabyo. Uku gushiraho kwamaganwe. Kurugero, inyungu zamakara ziva mubuzima rusange nibidukikije byaho birenze ibiciro hafi yakarere kose. Byongeye kandi, abatumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu kirere batsindira mu bukungu kuva mu guhindura ingufu zisukuye, bigatuma abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bahura n’umutungo wangiritse : ibicanwa bidashobora kugurisha. === Amahitamo ya politiki === Politiki, amabwiriza, n'amategeko menshi birakoreshwa mukugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Kugeza muri 2019, ibiciro bya karubone bikubiyemo hafi 20% byuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi. Carbone irashobora kugurwa imisoro ya karubone hamwe na sisitemu yubucuruzi bwangiza . Inkunga ya peteroli y’ibinyabuzima ku isi yageze kuri miliyari 319 z'amadolari muri 2017, na tiriyari 5.2 z'amadolari igihe ibiciro nko guhumanya ikirere biguzwe. Kurangiza ibyo birashobora gutuma igabanuka rya 28% byangiza imyuka y’ikirere no kugabanuka kwa 46% by’impfu z’ikirere. Amafaranga yazigamiwe ku nkunga y’ibinyabuzima ashobora gukoreshwa mu gushyigikira inzibacyuho y’ingufu zisukuye aho. Ubundi buryo butaziguye bwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere harimo ibipimo ngenderwaho by’imodoka, ibipimo bya lisansi ishobora kongerwa, n’amabwiriza yangiza ikirere ku nganda zikomeye. Ibihugu byinshi bisaba ibikorwa byingirakamaro kugirango byongere umugabane wibishobora kuvugururwa mumashanyarazi . Politiki yateguwe binyuze mu butabera bw’ikirere igerageza gukemura ibibazo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubusumbane mu mibereho. Kurugero, ibihugu bikize bifite uruhare runini rwibyuka bihumanya ikirere byishyura ibihugu bikennye kugirango bihuze. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gabbatiss |first=Josh |last2=Tandon |first2=Ayesha |date=4 October 2021 |title=In-depth Q&A: What is 'climate justice'? |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015213312/https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-what-is-climate-justice |url-status=live }}</ref> Mugihe ikoreshwa ryibicanwa bigabanuka, imirimo mumirenge iratakara. Kugirango bagere ku nzibacyuho iboneye, aba bantu bakeneye imyitozo kugirango bakore indi mirimo. Imiryango ifite abakozi ba peteroli benshi bakeneye ishoramari ryiyongera. === Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ikirere === [[Dosiye:Total_CO2_by_Region.svg|thumb| Kuva mu 2000, izamuka rya CO mu Bushinwa ndetse no ku isi yose ryarenze umusaruro w’Amerika n'Uburayi. ]] [[Dosiye:Per_Capita_CO2_by_Region.svg|thumb| Ku muntu, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zitanga CO ku kigero cyihuta cyane kuruta utundi turere twibanze. ]] Ibihugu hafi ya byose ku isi bifite uruhare mu masezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu 1994 (UNFCCC). Intego ya UNFCCC ni ugukumira abantu babangamira gahunda z’ikirere . Nkuko byavuzwe muri iryo koraniro, ibi bisaba ko ingufu za gaze ya parike zihagarara mu kirere ku buryo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rushobora guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, umusaruro w’ibiribwa ntubangamiwe, kandi iterambere ry’ubukungu rishobora gukomeza. UNFCCC ubwayo ntabwo igabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ahubwo itanga urwego rwa protocole ikora. Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byiyongereye kuva UNFCCC yashyirwaho umukono. Inama zayo ngarukamwaka nicyiciro cyibiganiro byisi. Amasezerano ya Kyoto yo mu 1997 yongereye UNFCCC kandi akubiyemo amasezerano yiyemeje kubahiriza ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Muri iyo mishyikirano, G77 (ihagarariye ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ) yasabye manda isaba ibihugu byateye imbere "gufata iyambere" mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kubera ko ibihugu byateye imbere byagize uruhare runini mu kwegeranya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu kirere. Umwuka w’umuturage nawo wari ukiri muto mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kandi ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere byakenera kohereza byinshi kugira ngo bikemure iterambere ryabyo. Amasezerano ya Copenhagen yo mu 2009 yagaragaye cyane ko atengushye kubera intego zayo nkeya, kandi yangwa n’ibihugu bikennye harimo na G77. Amashyirahamwe yunze ubumwe yari agamije kugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi ku isi munsi ya 2&nbsp;° C. Amasezerano yashyizeho intego yo kohereza miliyari 100 z'amadolari ku mwaka mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu rwego rwo kugabanya no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bitarenze 2020, anasaba ko hashyirwaho ikigega cy’ibidukikije . As of 2020 , ikigega cyananiwe kugera ku ntego cyari giteganijwe, kandi gishobora kugabanuka mu nkunga yacyo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cui |first1=Lianbiao |last2=Sun |first2=Yi |last3=Song |first3=Malin |last4=Zhu |first4=Lei |date=2020 |title=Co-financing in the green climate fund: lessons from the global environment facility |journal=Climate Policy |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=95–108 |doi=10.1080/14693062.2019.1690968}}</ref> Muri 2015 ibihugu byose by’umuryango w’abibumbye byaganiriye n’amasezerano y'i Paris, agamije gukomeza ubushyuhe bw’isi munsi ya 2.0&nbsp;° C kandi ikubiyemo intego yo gukomeza gushyuha munsi ya 1.5 ° C. [316] Amasezerano yasimbuye Protokole ya Kyoto. Bitandukanye na Kyoto, nta ntego zoguhumanya ikirere zashyizweho mu masezerano y'i Paris. Ahubwo, urutonde rwibikorwa byakozwe bihuza. Ibihugu bigomba guhora byishyiriraho intego zikomeye kandi bigasubiramo intego buri myaka itanu. Amasezerano y'i Paris yasubiyemo ko ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bigomba gushyigikirwa n'amafaranga. As of October 2021 , Ibihugu 194 n’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]] byashyize umukono kuri ayo masezerano naho ibihugu 191 kandi Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byemeje cyangwa byemera ayo masezerano. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga ya Montreal yo mu 1987, amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo guhagarika kohereza imyuka yangiza ozone, ashobora kuba yarabaye ingirakamaro mu gukumira ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kuruta amasezerano ya Kyoto yagenewe kubikora. Ivugurura rya Kigali ryo mu mwaka wa 2016 ry’amasezerano ya Montreal rigamije kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cya hydrofluorocarbone, itsinda ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere yabaye umusimbura wa gaze ya ozone yabujijwe. Ibi byatumye Protokole ya Montreal amasezerano akomeye yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeo |first=Sophie |date=10 October 2016 |title=Explainer: Why a UN climate deal on HFCs matters |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=Carbon Brief |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722162400/https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-why-a-un-climate-deal-on-hfcs-matters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Muri 2019, inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza ibaye guverinoma ya mbere y’igihugu yatangaje ko ibihe byihutirwa. Ibindi bihugu nubutabera byakurikiranye. Muri uwo mwaka, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburayi yatangaje "ikirere cyihutirwa n’ibidukikije". Komisiyo y’Uburayi yerekanye amasezerano y’ibihugu by’i Burayi hagamijwe guhindura Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2050. Ibihugu bikomeye muri Aziya byiyemeje imihigo nk'iyi: Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubuyapani byiyemeje kutagira aho bibogamiye muri 2050, n'Ubushinwa mu 2060. Mu 2021, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yashyize ahagaragara gahunda y’amategeko “ Fit for 55 ”, ikubiyemo amabwiriza agenga inganda z’imodoka ; imodoka zose nshya ku isoko ry’iburayi zigomba kuba imodoka zeru ziva mu 2035. Mu gihe [[Ubuhinde]] bufite imbaraga zo kongera ingufu, burateganya kandi kwagura amakara muri iki gihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2021 |title=India |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Climate Action Tracker |archive-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004183827/https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/india/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kugeza mu 2021, hashingiwe ku makuru aturuka muri gahunda 48 z’ikirere z’igihugu, zihagarariye 40% by’amasezerano y’i Paris, byagereranijwe ko ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bizaba biri munsi ya 0.5% ugereranije n’urwego rwa 2010, munsi y’intego zo kugabanya 45% cyangwa 25% kugeza gabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kuri 1.5&nbsp;° C cyangwa 2&nbsp;° C. == Sosiyete == === Guhakana no gutanga amakuru atariyo === [[Dosiye:20200327_Climate_change_deniers_cherry_picking_time_periods.gif|right|thumb|Ibyatoranijwe byatoranijwe kuva mugihe gito kugirango bibeshye ko ubushyuhe bwisi butiyongera. Ibara ry'ubururu ryerekana ibihe bigufi byerekana ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire (red redlines). Utudomo twubururu twerekana icyo bita ubushyuhe bwisi . [330]]] Impaka rusange zerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku guhakana imihindagurikire y’ikirere no gutanga amakuru atari yo, byaturutse muri Amerika kandi kuva ubwo bikwira mu bindi bihugu, cyane cyane [[Kanada]] na Ositaraliya. Abagize uruhare mu guhakana imihindagurikire y’ikirere bagize ihuriro ryatewe inkunga kandi ihuriweho n’amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, amatsinda y’inganda, ibitekerezo by’ibitekerezo byita ku bidukikije, hamwe n’abahanga mu bya siyansi. Kimwe n'inganda z'itabi, ingamba nyamukuru z'aya matsinda kwari ugushidikanya ku makuru ya siyansi n'ibisubizo. Benshi bahakana, bakirukana, cyangwa bashidikanya ku buryo budashidikanywaho ku bwumvikane bwa siyansi ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bwiswe "abakekeranya n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere", abahanga benshi bavuga ko ari amakosa . Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo guhakana ikirere: bamwe bahakana ko ubushyuhe bubaho na gato, bamwe bakemera ubushyuhe ariko bakavuga ko ari ingaruka kamere, ndetse bamwe bagabanya ingaruka mbi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Gukora ibintu bidashidikanywaho kuri siyanse nyuma byaje kuba impaka zakozwe : bitera kwizera ko hari ugushidikanya gukomeye ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu bumenyi bwa siyansi hagamijwe gutinza impinduka za politiki. Ingamba zo guteza imbere ibyo bitekerezo zirimo kunenga ibigo bya siyansi, no kwibaza impamvu abahanga ku giti cyabo. <ref name="Björnberg 2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Björnberg |first1=Karin Edvardsson |last2=Karlsson |first2=Mikael |last3=Gilek |first3=Michael |last4=Hansson |first4=Sven Ove |date=2017 |title=Climate and environmental science denial: A review of the scientific literature published in 1990–2015 |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=167 |pages=229–241 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.066}}</ref> Urugereko rwerekana imbuga nkoranyambaga n’itangazamakuru byateje ikibazo cyo kutumva neza imihindagurikire y’ikirere. === Kumenyekanisha rubanda n'ibitekerezo === [[Dosiye:20220629_Public_estimates_of_scientific_consensus_on_climate_change_-_horizontal_bar_chart.svg|thumb| Abaturage basuzugura cyane urugero rw'ubwumvikane bwa siyansi bwerekana ko abantu batera imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref name="KingsCollegeReport_20220629">{{Cite web |date=June 2022 |title=Public perceptions on climate change |url=https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715062933/https://peritia-trust.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/4-Climate-change_EU.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2022 |website=PERITIA Trust EU - The Policy Institute of Kings College London |page=4}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuva 2019 kugeza 2021 <ref name="Powell_2019">{{Cite journal |last=Powell |first=James |date=20 November 2019 |title=Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming |journal=Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=183–184 |doi=10.1177/0270467619886266}}</ref> bwerekanye ko ubumenyi bwa siyanse buri hagati ya 98.7 na 100%.]] Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yaje kumenyeshwa n’amahanga mu mpera za 1980. Bitewe n’itangazamakuru mu ntangiriro ya za 90, abantu bakunze kwitiranya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibindi bibazo by’ibidukikije nko kubura ozone. Mu muco uzwi cyane, filime y’impimbano y’ikirere ''Umunsi ukurikira ejo'' (2004) hamwe na documentaire ya Al Gore ''Ukuri kutorohewe'' (2006) yibanze ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Weart |first=Spencer |title=The Public and Climate Change (cont. – since 1980) |url=https://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm |website=The Discovery of Global Warming |publisher=American Institute of Physics}}</ref> [[Intara]] zikomeye z’akarere, uburinganire, imyaka n’itandukaniro rya politiki zirahari haba mu kwita ku baturage no gusobanukirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Abantu benshi bize cyane, ndetse no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, [[Umugore|abagore]] n’urubyiruko, wasangaga babona ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere ari ikibazo gikomeye. Ikinyuranyo cy’amashyaka kibaho no mu bihugu byinshi, kandi ibihugu bifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO usanga bititaweho cyane. Ibitekerezo ku mpamvu z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere biratandukanye cyane hagati y’ibihugu. Impungenge ziyongereye igihe, <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last1=Fagan |first1=Moira |last2=Huang |first2=Christine |date=16 October 2020 |title=Many globally are as concerned about climate change as about the spread of infectious diseases |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/10/16/many-globally-are-as-concerned-about-climate-change-as-about-the-spread-of-infectious-diseases/ |website=Pew Research Center |access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> kugeza aho mu 2021 abaturage benshi mu bihugu byinshi bagaragaza impungenge nyinshi z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, cyangwa bakabona ko ari ibintu byihutirwa ku isi. Inzego zo hejuru zo guhangayikishwa no gushyigikira abaturage muri politiki zita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere. ==== Imihindagurikire y’ibihe ==== Imyigaragambyo y’ibihe isaba abayobozi ba politiki gufata ingamba zo gukumira imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Bashobora gufata uburyo bwo kwerekana imyigaragambyo rusange, kugabanya ibicanwa bya fosile, kuburana nibindi bikorwa. Imyiyerekano ikomeye irimo imyigaragambyo yishuri ryikirere . Muri iki gikorwa, urubyiruko rwo ku isi rwigaragambyaga kuva mu 2018 rusiba ishuri ku wa gatanu, ruyobowe n’umwangavu wo muri Suwede Greta Thunberg . Ibikorwa rusange byo kutumvira kwabaturage byakozwe nitsinda nka Extinction Rebellion bigaragambije bahagarika imihanda no gutwara abantu. Imanza zikoreshwa cyane nk'igikoresho cyo gushimangira ibikorwa by'ikirere bituruka mu bigo bya Leta n'ibigo. Abaharanira inyungu kandi batangiza imanza zireba guverinoma kandi bagasaba ko bafata ingamba zikomeye cyangwa kubahiriza amategeko ariho yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Imanza ziregwamo amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri rusange arasaba indishyi z’igihombo n’ibyangiritse == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7ibzplm8dz2q2kyps4d312eeqbt5d1d Wota meloni 0 14357 137514 111801 2026-09-15T15:52:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137514 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Watermelon in Ghana.jpg|thumb|wota meloni]] [[Dosiye:Red_watermelon_(Citrullus_lanatus_var._lanatus)_in_Thailand.jpg|thumb|watermelon (wota meloni)]] [[Dosiye:Starr-091108-9416-Citrullus_lanatus-fruit-Olinda-Maui_(24358688924).jpg|thumb|watermelon mu mumurima ]] [[Dosiye:Watermelon 3.jpg|thumb|watermellon]] [[Dosiye:Sapium glandulatum 1.jpg|thumb]] === Amoko ya watermelon ''(Citrullus lanatus)'' === * Watermelon bivugwa ko yaba ifite amoko agera kuri 1200. * 1200 watermelon ishobora kugira amabara atandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko ibarizwamo. * Ubuhinzi bwa watermelon * [[Dosiye:Watermelon 001.jpg|thumb|water melon]]Urubuto rwa Watermelon rumeze nk’igihaza kandi rurandaranda nk’uruyuzi, rukaba rushobora kweraho urubuto rumwe; ndetse hari n’ubwo rwera imbuto nyinshi rukunda ubushyuhe bwinshi .<ref>https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/watermelon-health-benefits</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/vegetables/watermelon |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130122618/https://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/vegetables/watermelon |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/vegetables/watermelon |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130122618/https://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/vegetables/watermelon |url-status=dead }}</ref> === guhinga watermelon === * Hitamo ubwoko bwa watermelon wifuza guhinga: Igiciro cya watermelon ndavuga imbuto zo guhinga zigurishwa ku giciro gitandukanye bitewe nugurisha ndetse n’aho aherereye. * Hitamo niba ugomba guhinga imbuto za watermelon cyangwa niba uzagemeka urubuto rwamaze guhingwa. Imbuto za Watermelon zikenera ubushyuhe bugera kuri degere 70. * Guhitamo akarere /umurima uhingamo watermelon:ikenera nibura urumuri cyangwa izuba mugihe kigera kumasaha atandatu buri munsi kugirango ikureneza kandi itange umusaruro. * Intera igomba kujya hagati y’urubuto rwa watermelon ni m1.80 ishobora kugabanuka bitewe n’ubwoko wahinze niba budakuracyane. * Watermelon kimwe nibindi bihingwa byinshi ikenera amazi ndetse n’ifumbire ikishimira ubutaka bufite ubusharire buri hagati ya 6.0 na 6.8(pH of 6.0 to 6.8.)<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/impamvu-4-ugomba-kwihatira-kurya-watermelon</ref> === Gutera imbuto za watermelon === * Tunganya umurima wawe uwumaremo ibyatsi bibi ushyiremo ifumbire hanyuma usanze ubutaka uringanize hanyuma ucukure utwobo duto uragenda ushyiramo zambuto zawe aho buri rubuto wagombye kurushyira kubujya kuzimu bwa santimetero 2,5 (2.5cm) Shyiramo urubuto rumwe cyangwa zirenze rumwe gusa irinde kurenza imbuto enye . * Imbuto zitangira kumera mugihe kigera kuminsi iri hagati 7-10 uhereye kumunsi watereyeho ariko ibi nanone bizaterwa n’ubutaka ubushyuhe ndetse n’ubujyakuzimu urubuto rwawe ruriho. * Aha uzitwararika ureba niba koko imbuto zawe zifite amazi ahagije byaba ataribyo ukavomerera.<ref>https://www.almanac.com/plant/watermelons</ref><ref>https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/health/diet-nutrition/a40257118/watermelon-health-benefits/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] 622mkwt23efgputt7ods1a8myd8df7q Ubuhinzi bw'ibinyomoro 0 14362 137667 136107 2026-09-15T16:51:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137667 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibinyomoro.jpg|thumb|ibinyomoro.]] [[Dosiye:12_Banos_de_Aqua_Santa_(24).JPG|thumb|ubuhinzi bw'ibinyomoro]] [[Dosiye:La Boqueria.JPG|thumb|ibinyomboro nizindi mbuto]] == Gutegura umurima w'ibinyomoro == ==== Gutegura umurama ==== [[Dosiye:Culinary fruits front view.jpg|thumb]] Umurama cyangwa ingemwe z’ibinyomoro ugomba kuva ku biti bitarangwaho uburwayi. Birabujijwe gutera ingemwe zavuye ku murama uva ku biti birwaye kuko iyo uteye bene izo ngemwe zikunze gukwirakwiza uburwayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibinyomoro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226175805/https://umutihealth.com/ibinyomoro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ibinyomoro-imbuto-zirinda-zimwe-mu-ndwara-zikomeye-cyane</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/uburyo-ikirumugabo-yatejwe-imbere-abikesha-ubuhinzi-bw-ibinyomoro</ref> '''Gutegura umurama uzatanga ingemwe''' Mu guhitamo aho umurama w’ibinyomoro uzaturuka ni ngombwa kwitondera ibi bikurikira : Hitamo igiti cy’ikinyomoro kitagaragaza uburwayi na buke cyakuze neza kandi cyera imbuto nyinshi kandi nini. [[Dosiye:Fruit Stall in Barcelona Market.jpg|thumb|Ikinyomoro]] Sarura imbuto z’ibinyomoro zeze neza zidafite ubusembwa zahishije neza Mbere yo kuzikata(kuzisatura) banza uzironge mu mazi arimo Jik (urugero 1 rwa Jik mu ngero 3 z’amazi) cyangwa amazi arimo umunyu w’igisoryo. Ibi byica indwara zaba ziri ku gishishwa cy’inyuma . Satura imbuto z’ibinyomoro mo kabiri uvanemo imbuto zivanze n’umutobe ukoresheje ikiyiko. Hanyuma ubishyire mu icupa ripfundikirwa won-geremo amazi upfundikire, hanyuma uhugutisha imbuto (ubuhwa) zivanze n’umurenda, Imbuto zimaze guhuguta zirongwa mu mazi arimo javeli (5%). Imbuto umaze kuronga zishyire mu gacucu mu ibase cyangwa mu gatambaro gasukuye uzishyire mu gacucu ku buryo zikamukamo amazi. Ibyo birangiye umurama uragosorwa.Umurama ubonetse ushobora guhita uhumbikwa cyangwa ukabikwa ahantu hahehereye.<ref name=":0" /> Imbuto zibikwa ahantu hahehereye mu mabaha-sha y’impapuro ariko nturenze amezi 3 utarazitera kuko iyo arenze ntizimera kubera ko ubushobozi bwo kumera (pouvoir germinatif) bw’umurama bugenda bugabanuka cyane.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bw-ibinyomoro.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226175805/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bw-ibinyomoro.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gutera no kwita ku binyomoro === [[Dosiye:GROUND NUT FIELD.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Umurima w'ibinyomoro]] [[Dosiye:Nsr-slika-334 (2).png|thumb|201x201px|Mikorobe ya Oidium sp itera uburwayi bwa powederly milew kubinyomoro]] Umurima mushya w’ibinyomoro ushyirwa kure y’umurima ushaje bishobotse hagashyirwaho uruzitiro rw’ibiti (haie vive) rutandukanya iyo mirima yombi.Ni ngombwa gutera ingemwe z’ibinyomoro igihe imvura itangiye kugwa kugira ngo bishobore gufata neza. Ibi bikorwa mu kwezi kwa nzeri n’ukwakira. Ibinyomoro biterwa mu mirongo bitandukanyijwe n’intera iri hagati ya m 1 na 1,5 m hagati y’igiti n’ikindi na metero 4.5-5.0 hagati y’umurongo n’undi. Iyi ntera ituma ibinyomoro bidacucikirana mu murima kandi igabanya ikwirakwiza ry’indwara kandi ituma gutera umuti byoroha.Ku ntera ya metero 1.5 hagati y’igiti n’ikindi na metero 2 hagati y’imirongo haterwa nibura ingemwe 1450 kuri hegitari. Hashyirwaho ifumbire ingana na garama 80 za NPK 17-17-17 n’ibiro 30 by’ifumbire y’imborera ku giti.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/akijijwe-n-ubuhinzi-bw-ibinyomoro-nyuma-yo-gusaba-akazi-inshuro-41-akakabura</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/akamaro-gahambaye-ko-kurya-ibinyomoro-buri-munsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226175806/https://yegob.rw/akamaro-gahambaye-ko-kurya-ibinyomoro-buri-munsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Indwara n’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko ku binyomoro === === Indwara n’ibyonnyi === Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara cyane mu binyomoro ni indwara yitwa powederly milew iterwa na mi-korobe zo mu bwoko bw’ubuhumyo zitwa Oidium sp bikagabanywa no gutera insecticide ivanze n’is-abune cyangwa imiti ikomoka kuri neem. Hari kandi inzoka z’ibihingwa (nematodes iterwa n’inzoka yitwa Meloidogyne sp), root rot (kubora kw’imizi) cyangwa crown rot iterwa na phyo-tophthora sp) no kuraba biterwa na pseudomonas solanacearum.Kwita neza ku murima uteyemo ibinyomoro big-abanya izi ndwara.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7S1cUs23fh4</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] s2rb5j1vmge6wp5g3waxz40kob911av Ubuhinzi bw'inanasi 0 14366 137692 136059 2026-09-15T16:54:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137692 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inanasi.jpg|thumb|Inanasi.|153x153px]] [[Dosiye:Ananas comosus 17zz.jpg|left|thumb]] == Ubwoko bw'Inanasi == === Itsinda ry’inanasi bita Kayene === Izi nanasi zifite ibibabi binyerera bitagira amahwa uretse ku mpera aho usanga ihwa rimwe. Nizo zihingwa cyane hose aho inanasi zikunda bagamije kubona izo kohereza mu mahanga, izo kugurisha mu masoko yo mu gihugu cyangwa izo gufunga mu bikopo. Inanasi yera kuri ubwo bwoko iba iremereye (kg 1,5 kugera kg 4,5) kandi ikaba iteye nk’umwiburungushure. Urubuto rw’iyi nanasi ruraryoha cyane ku buryo rukundwa cyane ku isi kubera ko rugira isukari nyinshi ivanze n’ubusharire buciriritse. Nyamara ntabwo inanasi za cayenne (cayenne) zihanganira inzoka z’ibihingwa (nematodes) n’indwara ya kirabiranya iterwa n’agahumyo (imiyege) ka phytophtora spp.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/inanasi-irwanya-kanseri-igafasha-n-amaso-kubona-neza-sobanukirwa-akandi-kamaro-kayo</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/inanasi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215220225/https://umutihealth.com/inanasi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Itsinda ry’inanasi bita Sipanishi === [[Dosiye:Pineapple fruit, April 2023.jpg|thumb|Inanasi|199x199px]] Inanasi zo muri iri tsinda zigira amababi mato maremare, n’isunzu rikikijwe n’utundi tubabi, urubuto rwayo rukagira n’imitsi (utudodo) imbere mu gice kiribwa. Ntizigira isukari nyinshi kandi zikagira akantu kajya kumera nk’urusenda. Ubwo bwoko bwihanganira kirabiranya ariko bugafatwa cyane n’inzoka z’ibihingwa. Iyo urubuto rweze ruba umuhondo utukura, rukaba ruto kuri Kayene (cayenne), rupima kg 1, 5) kandi rukagira iforoma y’umubumbe. Zikunze guhingwa mu turere twa Caraibes (soma Karayibe) na Mexique (soma Megizike) yo muri America (soma Amerika) hagamijwe kohereza umusaruro mu mahanga.<ref>https://www.everydayhealth.com/diet-nutrition/8-reasons-eat-pineapple/</ref> === Itsinda ry’inanasi bita Kwini === [[Dosiye:Pineapple Plantation- Maraca.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'inanasi|150x150px]][[Dosiye:John Mangefel récoltant un ananas.jpg|thumb|156x156px|Umuhinzi arimo gusarura inanansi]][[Dosiye:Starr-140813-1472-Ananas comosus-aerial view-Haliimaile-Maui (24618434893).jpg|thumb|173x173px|Inanasi zihinzwe kubuso bugari]] Urubuto rw’inanasi yo mu bwoko bwa kwini (queen) ruba ruto cyane (kg 1), imbere rukagira ibara ry’umuhondo wa zahabu, n’amababi afite amahwa. Ntirugira umutobe mwinshi, rurahumura cyane; ntirutagira ubusharire nk’ubwa Kayene (cayenne). Ubu bwoko ntibukunze gufatwa na kirabiranya. Buhingwa cyane cyane muri Afurika y’epfo, Australia (Ositaraliya) no mu birwa bya Reunion (Reyiniyo). Umusaruro mwinshi bawohereza mu mahanga bagasigaza izo birira iwabo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pharmeasy.in/blog/26-benefits-of-pineapple-for-health-skin-and-hair/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215221725/https://pharmeasy.in/blog/26-benefits-of-pineapple-for-health-skin-and-hair/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Uko bategura umurima w'Inanasi === * Kurwanya isuri mu murima * Guhinga neza umurima * Gupima uturima tuzaterwamo inanasi n’utuyira * Gupima ahazaterwa ibishibu by’inanasi mu turima * Gufumbira<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/kurya-inanasi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215220223/https://umutihealth.com/kurya-inanasi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Pineapple woman, Rayong market (23180660213).jpg|thumb|207x207px|Inanasi ihase]] === Guhitamo no gutera Imbuto ku nanasi === * Gutubura ingemwe hakoreshejwe ibishibu * Gutubura ingemwe hakoreshejwe isunzu * Gutubura ingemwe muri laboratwari(Tissu culture) * Uburyo bwo gusatagura uruti * Uburyo bwo gutema * Uburyo bwo gusatagura uruti * Uburyo bwo gutema<ref>https://gypsyplate.com/the-best-pineapple-recipes/</ref> '''Uburyo bwa 1''': Bukorwa iyo igitsinsi cy’inanasi gipima hagati ya 1,8 na 2.2kg. Ubu buryo butuma umuhinzi adasarura urubuto na rumwe rw’inanasi. Uruti rw’inanasi rutemerwa kuri cm 40-50 uvuye ku butaka igice cyo hejuru kikajugunywa. Ibice by’ibibabi byasigaye birekerwa ku ruti kugirango ruzatange ibishibu.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/kirehe-uburyo-kumisha-inanasi-byatumye-isoko-ryazo-ryaguka</ref> '''Uburyo bwa kabiri:''' Ubu buryo butuma umuhinzi asarura rimwe gusa ariko bugatanga n’ibishibu byinshi. Ibi bikorwa nyuma y’isarura rya mbere. Bakoresha umupanga cyangwa ikindi cyuma bagatemera ku burebure buhagije ku buryo batangiza ibishibu byo hasi. Ukwezi nyuma yo kubagara batangira gusarura ibishibu bishobora gusarurwa kugeza ku ncuro 8. Ibi bikomeza gukorwa kugeza amezi 12 ashize. Ibishibu bisarurwa bifite nibura gr 224 kugeza kuri 672. .'''Uburyo bwa gatatu:''' Ureka inanasi ikera kabiri hanyuma ugatema nk’uko utema ku buryo bwa    kabiri. Ubu buryo ntibuhenze kandi butanga ibishibu byinshi kandi vuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/ngoma-abahinzi-binanasi-barasaba-uruganda-rutunganya-umusaruro |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226182132/https://www.isangostar.rw/ngoma-abahinzi-binanasi-barasaba-uruganda-rutunganya-umusaruro |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri ubu buryo ibishibu bisarurwa kuri nyina iyo bimaze kugera ku rugero rwifuzwa, hakoreshejwe intoki, hanyuma bigatoranywa hakurikijwe uburemere bwabyo bikajya guterwa nk’uko byerekanywe haruguru.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226183634/https://www.agakiza.rw/sobanukirwa-akamaro-k-inanasi-6834.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/inanasi-irwanya-kanseri-igafasha-n-amaso-kubona-neza-sobanukirwa-akandi-kamaro-kayo</ref> === Igihe cyo guhinga inanasi === Umuhinzi atera inanasi mu gihe cy’imvura y’umuhindo, ni ukuvuga mu mezi ya Nzeli, Ukwakira n’Ugushyingo. Ibi bituma ibona amazi ahagije igihe kirekire. Inanasi zishobora no guterwa mu gihe cy’itumba ni ukuvuga mu mezi ya werurwe na mata ariko zihita zihura n’izuba ryo mu cyi rigatuma zidakura neza.Ibishibu biterwa bitsindagirwa mu mwenge waciwe mu bujyakuzimu buri hagati ya cm 8 na cm 10. Umuhinzi yirinda kubitaba cyane no kubirereka hejuru. Ubutaka bugomba gutwikira aho wacukuye hose bityo bigatuma imizi izahita iturika igatangira kugaburira igishibu wateye. Igishibu kandi kigomba gushingwa gihagaze neza. Nyuma yo gutera, ni ngombwa rwose gusasira utuyira kugira ngo wirinde ko hazamera ibyatsi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/120880/ibibi-byo-kurya-inanasi-ku-buzima-bwumuntu-120880.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] aybwbty9fgyzw1xk73bg26k87m70a23 Urunyogwe 0 14377 137587 111795 2026-09-15T16:24:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137587 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:(Pisum sativum), A pea is a most commonly green.JPG|thumb|Uru ni urunyogwe rukaba ari amashaza mabisi, atari yuma|176x176px]] [[Dosiye:Peas in pods - Studio.jpg|thumb|Urunyongwe|174x174px]] [[Dosiye:Field peas (Pisum sativum) - geograph.org.uk - 5438544.jpg|thumb]] '''Urunyogwe''' bifatwa nk’igihingwa cy’ibanze n’inkomoko y’ingenzi y’ibitunga [[umubiri]] ku byiciro byose by’abatuye [[Isi]]. Urunyogwe ni ibiribwa by’ibanze by’ibanyamisogwe bitewe n’umusanzu wabyo ukomeye mu kongera ibiribwa, mu ntungamubiri no kongera umutungo. Byagiye byerekanwa mu buryo butandukanye nk’ikiribwa cyenda kuba cyuzuye, inyama z’abakene n’inyama z’icyatsi kibisi ku bakire. Ingano y’uko biribwa ihindagurika bitewe n’igihugu rihingwamo, amahitamo ry’ababirya, icyo kigero gishobora kugera kuri kg 66 ku muturage buri mwaka. '''Urunyogwe''' ruribwa nk’ibinyamisogwe, ntetse n'imiteja.<ref>https://www.thespruce.com/garden-vs-snow-and-sugar-snap-1403487</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?nyanza-bahinga-bahendwa-bagasarura-bahendwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227102100/https://bwiza.com/?Nyanza-Bahinga-bahendwa-bagasarura-bahendwa |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/minisitiri-wintebe-avuga-ko-mu-2020-umusaruro-wubuhinzi-bwazamutseho-6/</ref> [[Dosiye:-2020-06-28 Garden pea (Pisum sativum), Trimingham, Norfolk (1).JPG|thumb|Urunyogwe (peas in cover)|172x172px]] === Ubwoko Bw'amashaza === * '''English peas''' ni urunyogwe Icyatsi kibisi, Amashaza y'ibishishwa bito ndetse akaba ari ubwoko bugira amashaga mato ugereranyije nandi, aya mashaza aho ahigwa yerera iminsi 50. * [[Dosiye:Rice with peas.JPG|thumb|170x170px|Urunyogwe rutetse ]]'''Snow Peas''' urunyogwe cyangwa amashaza bakunze kwita amashaza y[[ubushinwa]], afite ibishishwa biribwa; imbuto ntizemerewe kuzura mbere yo gusarura. Nubwo udakeneye gutegereza amashaza imbere ngo agwe, amashaza yurubura akunda kuba amashaza y'ubwoko burebure. * '''Sugar Snap Peas''' Urunyogwe rw'imbuto zemerewe gusarura igihe cyose kuko ibishishwa biranyeganyega kandi biribwa bituma uyasarura igihe cyose.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227100506/https://umutihealth.com/urunyogwe/</ref><ref>https://umwezi.rw/?p=9650</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227110627/http://agakiza.rw/-Inama-.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] slww6z2chn0fy5f6yrjyhs9f0laf292 Nyirabarasanya 0 14382 137469 122659 2026-09-15T15:17:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137469 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bidens pilosa - Anamadinika feuilles boutons.jpg|thumb|Inyabarasanya|259x259px]] [[Dosiye:Small Plant In A Box - geograph.org.uk - 5403763.jpg|thumb|nyirabarazana|268x268px]] [[Dosiye:Tridax procumbens 7.jpg|left|thumb]] Nyirabarasanya icyatsi gifite akamaro cyane mu mibereho y’[[Rwanda|Abayarwanda]] kuva kera, kuko ngo yakoreshwaga mu komora, igihe umuntu akomeretse agafata ibibabi by’inyabarasanya, akatuvuguta agakamurira aho yakomeretse, igikomere kigakira.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/ibi-bimera-bifite-ibanga-mu-buvuzi-gakondo</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/248954668490467/posts/rwanda-ubuhinzi-ndumburabutaka-umuti-ukoze-muri-nyirabarasanya/408319685856708/</ref> === Mu kuvura === * [[Dosiye:Bidens pilosa kz04.jpg|thumb|178x178px|Nyirabarasanya]][[Dosiye:Bidens pilosa kz03.jpg|thumb|158x158px|Umurima uhinzemo Nyirabarasanya]]Ivura ibyo mu nda ku bana b’impinja. Hari abana barwara ibyo mu nda bakaribwa mu nda kuva bakivuka kugeza bagejeje ku mezi nibura atatu, amara y’umwana aba akura, agenda yirambura, bigatuma umwana ababara akarira cyane.Mu kinyarwanda nyirabarasanya ivanze n’ibindi byatsi ivura ibyo mu nda. * nyirabasanya ivanze n’indi miti kandi ni umuti w’igifu, gusa ngo si byiza ko umuntu yapfa kuyahira akayikoresha uko abonye, kuko hari abahanga mu ikoreshwa ry’imiti y’ibyatsi, ibyiza rero bikaba ari ukubanza kureba, ubisobanukiwe akagufasha, mbere yo gukoresha umuti uwo ari wo wose w’ibyatsi. * Mu gihe cyo hambere kandi nyirabarasanya yakoreshwaga nk’umutsindo, ingabo z’u Rwanda zajya ku rugamba, hakaba hari abanyamitsindo, abagangahuzi, abapfumu n’abandi, bagakoresha iyo nyirabarasanya bati ‘uturasanire.’ Ikindi kandi bayikoreshaga batongera abanzi babo ngo barasane hagati yabo, kugira ngo babone uko babatsinda. * nyirabarasanya kandi, abagore ngo bayikoreshaga mu nzaratsi, bagira ngo batongere bakeba babo, bajye bahora barasana n’abagabo, mbese ntibakumvikane, kugeza bananirwanywe, nyuma abagabo bakabagarukira. Gusa iyo nyirabarasanya ngo bayivangagamo indi miti.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/IPRC-South-Bikorera-umuti-wica-udukoko-twangiza-imyaka</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AM1gx3uvdeo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibyatsi]] sky38pj1c1v9vns9hfrgumof0q6tke9 Umwenya 0 14386 137703 111788 2026-09-15T16:57:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137703 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) 1.jpg|thumb|Umwenya]] [[Dosiye:Camellia sinensis (DITSL).JPG|thumb|224x224px|umwenya]] [[Dosiye:Sapium japonicum2.jpg|thumb]] Umwenya, Umwenya ni ikimera gikoreshwa cyane kuva mu bakurambere bohambere ba banyarwanda, aho benshi bari bamaze kumenya ko kivura, kuko na wo nikimwe n’[[Igiti cy'umuravumba|umuravumba]], umwenya uvura inkorora,hakoreshejwe amababi yawo.Kubera ko umwenya ari umuti uvura kandi utarura, ubu hari abantu bahitamo gukoresha umwenya mu cyayi mu mwanya w’amajyani, kugira ngo bashobore kubona ibyiza by’icyo kimera mu buzima bwabo. Umwenya na wo uvura indwara zo mu kanwa, ugafasha abantu kutanuka mu kanwa.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/ibi-bimera-bifite-ibanga-mu-buvuzi-gakondo</ref> === Umuti === * [[Dosiye:Ocimum basilicum Sweet Basil, Common Basil, Thai Basil at Wayanad 2019 (1).jpg|thumb|Umwenya]]Umwenya kandi ukora kimwe n’utundi twatsi twitwa ‘Ubwunyu bwa nyamanza,’ na bwo abakurambere babuhaga abana ngo babuhekenye, bugatuma bahumura neza mu kanwa. Ikindi ubwunyu bwa nyamanza bumara ngo ni ukuvura ubugendakanwa ku bana. Umwenya kandi Abanyarwanda bawukoresha nk’uko bakoreshaga icyatsi cyitwa “ Icyumwa” na cyo bagikoreshaga boza amenyo bigatuma bagira impumuro nziza mu kanwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S34q_OZyLDE</ref> * Umwenya ababyeyi bawukoresha bavura inkorora abana. Nibyo koko uyu ni umuti w'inkorora n'ibicurane. Gusa ku mwana utaratangira kurya ntibyemewe kumuha Imiti y'ibyatsi (ni kimwe nuko wamugaburira). Uhekenya amababi ukamira amazi cyangwa ugakora icyayi cyawo. * Numuti urwanya diabetes ,umuvuduko w'amaraso. * Ku bagabo kimwe n'abagore ni umuti wongera iruba (ubushake bwo gutera akabariro). * Uyu ni umuti urinda imitsi ukanatuma ubwonko bukora neza. * Amavuta awuvuyemo yica mikorobi nyinshi ndetse ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko anarinda malaria. (Uburyo amavuta akorwa tuzabivugaho). * [[Dosiye:Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) 01.jpg|thumb|253x253px|Umwenya]]Kuwutera hafi y'urugo bikumira imibu n'udusimba duto twatera indwara.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibyiciro-4-by-abantu-batemerewe-kunywa-no-gukoresha-tangawizi</ref> * Urwanya guhitwa niyo haba hazamo amaraso ukawukoresha gatatu ku munsi birakira (mu gihe bitatewe na amibe) * Ni umuti uzimya umuriro ukanavura umutwe.<ref>https://rugwi.wordpress.com/2019/07/08/umwenya-ni-kinyobwa-gishya-gikorwa-na-ibyiza-byiwacu-ese/</ref> * Urinda ukanavura kuruka n'isesemi.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/musanze-imiti-gakondo-ya-miliyoni-zisaga-35-yangijwe-amavuriro-gakondo</ref> * Kuwunywa birinda umwijima kwangirika kuko bifasha gusohora imyanda mu mubiri.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201506081047.html</ref> * Ni umuti mwiza w'igifu kirimo ibisebe. Ucanira ibibabi n'imizi mu mazi ukanywa agakombe kabiri ku munsi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/ibi-bimera-bifite-ibanga-mu-buvuzi-gakondo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibyatsi]] s3iyp6qn9uxnifbemx7qht3jzf80ejk Igiti cya ELayo 0 14393 137295 134131 2026-09-15T14:21:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137295 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bezouce Picholine pour l'AOC Huile d'olive de Nîmes.JPG|thumb|Imbuto zivamo amavuta ya elayo|230x230px]] [[Dosiye:Olea_europaea._Olivar.jpg|thumb|igiti cya elayo |227x227px]] '''Igiti cya Elayo''' nicyo kivaho amavuta ya Elayo ari mu byiciro bigera kuri 5 hakurikijwe uburyo atunganywamo: [[Dosiye:Selezione Oro (extra-virgin olive oil).jpg|thumb|Amavuta ya elayo|321x321px]] == 1. Extra Virgin Olive oil (Huile d'Olive Extra vierge) == [[Dosiye:Modern olive oil mill.jpg|thumb|174x174px|Uruganda rutunganya amavuta ya Elayo]] [[Dosiye:AOC huile d'olive de Provence.JPG|left|thumb]] Ubu nibwo bwoko bw'amavuta ya elayo bwa mbere bwiza. Buboneka imbuto nziza z'indobanure zitamaze igihe zisaruwe zibyazwamo amavuta hifashishijwe ubukonje (cold pressing method) kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe byatuma hatakara ubuziranenge bw'umwimerere. Aya mavuta aba afite *acidity* iri hasi cyane (kenshi ni 1%). Afatwa nk'aya mbere kuko agumana impumuro n'uburyohe by'umwimerere kandi akaba nta bushyuhe cyangwa ibinyabutabire byifashishwa mu kuboneka kwayo .Aya niyo mavuta akunda kwifashishwa mu kurengera ubuzima kimwe no mu buvuzi. Aya yo wanayanywa utagize ikindi uyongeramo kubera ko aba afite ubuziranenge bwose.Aya kandi niyo agenewe kuribwa ari mabisi, gushyirwa ku byo kurya bihiye no gushyirwa kuri salades.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/kunywa-akayiko-k-amavuta-ya-olive-mbere-yo-kurya-byakurinda-kurwara-ikirungurira</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/114408/abakobwa-uko-wakwivura-imvuvu-burundu-114408.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227161018/https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/114408/abakobwa-uko-wakwivura-imvuvu-burundu-114408.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 2. Virgin Olive oil (Huile d'Olive Vierge) === Aya mavuta niyo yo ku rwego rwa kabiri kuko aboneka nayo hifshishijwe ubukonje. Nta binyabutabīre cyangwa ubushyuhe byifashishwa mu kuyatunganya. Icyo atandukaniyeho n'aya mbere ni uko imbuto kurwamo ziba zarobanuwe ari izo ku rwego rwa kabiri mu bwiza n'ubuziranenge.Aba afite acidity iri hagati ya 1-4%). Aya mavuta ashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe ariko butari bwinshi niyo mpamvu ibya mbere agenewe ari ugutekeshwa ibyo kurya bidatekwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi, mu kotsa imigati, guteka ifiriti, gusa no muri salade naho ajya akoreshwa nubwo atahagira umumaro cyane nk'aya mbere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/07/dore-impinduka-uzabona-ku-mubiri-wawe.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227161011/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/07/dore-impinduka-uzabona-ku-mubiri-wawe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 3. Refined Olive oil (Huile d'Olive rafiné) === [[Dosiye:Huile d'olive aux truffes.jpg|thumb|204x204px|Amavuta ya Elayo]] Aya mavuta yo atunganywa akuwe mu mbuto z'imyelayo zihiye akenshi z'umukara. Aya atunganywa hifshishijwe ubushyuhe kugira ngo hakamurwemo menshi. Bajya bavangamo duke two muri quality ya mbere cyangwa iya 2 kugira ngo bayongerere ubushobozi, niyo mpamvu hari ayo muzajya mubona yanditseho ngo Refined Olive oil blended with Extra Virgin Olive oil cyangwa Refined Olive oil blended with Virgin Olive oil; icyo gihe haba hari duke tuvanzemo twiza. Gusa uko bimeze kose aya afatwa n'ubwoko bwo ku rugero rwo hasi kandi afatwa nk'akoreshwa mu byo guteka cyane ku birakenera ubushyuhe bwinshi. Urugero rw'ibinyamavuta (fat) n'izitwa kalori byo biba biri ku rugero rw'ariya ya mbere n'aya kabiri.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/umwimerere-w-amavuta-ya-elayo-afite-agaciro-gakomeye-muri-bibiliya-ubu-ushobora</ref> === 4. Pure Olive oil (Huile d'Olive Pur) === Nubwo izina ryayo risa n'irivuga ko ari amavuta meza atavangiye, siko bimeze na gato! Impamvu ni uko nyuma yo gukoresha uburyo bw'ubushyuhe n'ibinyabutabire, ayabonetse atameze neza nk'uko babitekerezaga niyo afatwa akavangwa na make mu meza ya mbere cyangwa aya kabiri kugira ngo agerageze kuboneka nk'ameza. Utwo twongewemo tugira icyo tuyamarira mu kongeramo vitamin E. Aya mavuta yifashishwa mu guteka, gukorera umubiri massage ndetse no gukora amavuta yo kwisiga yo mu bimera.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227161015/https://agakiza.org/Twirinde-ibitumarira-amavuta-Pastor-Desire-Habyarimana.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/mukobwamusore-ibyo-kurya-byagufasha-kugira-uruhu-rwiza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227161017/https://yegob.rw/mukobwamusore-ibyo-kurya-byagufasha-kugira-uruhu-rwiza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 5. Olive Pomace Oil. === [[Dosiye:Italian olive oil 2007.jpg|thumb|Olive pomace oil|203x203px]] Mbere yo kuvuga kuri ubu bwoko bwa gatanu, ndagira ngo mujye mureba ku macupa menshi y'ayo mugura muzasanga ari aya, aya mavuta yo aboneka akuwe mu mbuto z'ibijonjorwa mu zindi zose ndetse n'ibikatsi byasigaye bakamura ayo muri buriya bwoko bwose bwa mbere (Imbuto z'ibijonjorwa n'ibikatsi). Ibi birafatwa bigakamuzwa ubushyuhe bwinshi, hagashyirwamo n'ibinyabutabire kugira ngo habonekemo amavuta. Hari ubwo naho bongeramo uduke twiza ngo tuyahe impumuro tuyongerere n'ububasha. aya niyo aba ahendutse ku masoko bitewe n'uburyo aboneka. aya mavuta yifashishwa mu gusukūra ibintu (nko gusīga intebe, utubati), si meza ku buryo yaribwa gusa rimwe na rimwe ajya akoreshwa mu guteka ibikenera ubushyuhe bwinshi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/gukomera-mu-ntoki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227161017/https://umutihealth.com/gukomera-mu-ntoki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] stuu8u34kbgtrv6xmtygrju8nbr348h Sezame 0 14397 137588 119150 2026-09-15T16:24:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nigerian Sesame seeds the superfood rich in livegiving nutrients.jpg|thumb|sezame.|121x121px]] [[Dosiye:Ary-qrichlat ronds michots.JPG|thumb|umugati uriho sezame|122x122px]] [[Dosiye:Bagel with sesame 3.jpg|left|thumb]] sezame birakize cyane mu myunyu ngugu. Manyeziyumu, ubutare, potasiyumu, Vitamines zo mu bwoko bwa A, B,C. Urugimbu rwa byo ni rwiza, bifite isukari nziza, n'inyubaka-mubiri ziri hagati ya 16-27%. Birakize mu byitwa soufre ishinzwe kwica uburozi buri mu maraso mu buryo rusange cyane cyane mu mwijima bitewe n'uko sezame n'ubunyobwa bikungahaye mu ntunga-mubiri, ni byiza kurya nkeya kuko zibaye nyinshi zaburagiza imyanya ishinzwe kunoza ibyo kurya. Mu ngano zisanzwe harimo inyubaka-mubiri 11,5%, umumero wa zo ukagira 28%.<ref name=":0">https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/akamaro-ka-sezame-ku-mikorere-y-ubwonko</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/10/akamaro-12-ka-sezame-ku-mubiri-wa-muntu.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227192621/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/10/akamaro-12-ka-sezame-ku-mubiri-wa-muntu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227192623/https://agakiza.org/Sobanukirwa-akamaro-ka-sesame-mu-mubiri.html</ref> == akamaro ka sezame ku mikorere y’ubwonko == * Imbuto za Sezame zifitiye akamaro gakomeye ubwonko kuko ziha imbaraga uruhererekane nyoborabwenge (Systeme nerveux), zituma kandi umuntu agira gutekereza vuba kandi neza, bigafasha abantu bakora akazi kabasaba gukoresha ubwonko cyane (nk’akazi ko mu biro).<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-ibyiza-bya-sesame-n-ibyo-kwitondera-kuri-yo</ref> * Imbuto za Sezame kandi ziba nziza ku bana bakiri bato kuko zifasha kugira ubushobozi bwo gufata mu mutwe bityo bigatuma biga neza.Abashakashatsi bavuga ko abana bariye izi mbuto bakiri bato bibafasha gutsinda amasomo akomera nk’aya siyansi.<ref name=":0" />[[Dosiye:Sesame plants.jpg|thumb|128x128px|ibimera byeraho sesame]] * [[Dosiye:Sesame Seed.jpg|thumb|Sezame|144x144px]]Izi mbuto za Sezame zisukura imitsi y’amaraso yo mu bwonko bigatuma amaraso atembera neza mu bwonko bityo ukaba wirinze indwara ziterwa no kudatembera neza kw’amaraso mu bwonko.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] bd0n14r956bj0g5vqgclhqrkzvifabq Ubwatsi 0 14424 137759 130137 2026-09-15T17:08:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kogosha ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|Ubwatsi|156x156px]] [[Dosiye:Kwahira Ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|Gukata icyarire|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Kwahira ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|Ubwatsi|151x151px]] [[Dosiye:Kwahira ibyatsi.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Umukambwe uvuye kwahira.jpg|thumb|Ubwatsi]] [[Dosiye:Kwahira mu mufuka.jpg|thumb|Kwahirira mu mufuka]] Umurimo wo gukora ubwatsi haba ubw'amatungo, ubwo mu [[ubusitani|busitani]], ndetse mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ibura ry'ubwatsi, haba mu gihe cy’izuba cyangwa imvura nyinshi cyatumaga ibiciro byabwo bizamuka, umusaruro w’amata ukagabanuka, rero ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi cyatangije uburyo bwo guhunika, kubungabunga ndetse no gukora ubwatsi mu rwego rwo kwirinda ubwatsi bwabura haba impeshyi cyangwa mugihe habaye ibiza.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uburyo-bushobora-gufasha-umworozi-guhunika-ubwatsi-muri-iyi-mpeshyi</ref><ref name=":1">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-urubyiruko-rwayobotse-ikoranabuhanga-mu-gukora-ubwatsi-bw-amatungo</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubworozi/article/bishimiye-ko-bamenye-guhunika-ubwatsi-bw-amatungo-n-ubwo-bihenze</ref> === Uko bukorwa === Tubanza kwinika imbuto mu mazi mbere yo gutangira gutera, uburyo dukoramo nta kindi dukoresha, nta mafumbire mvaruganda dukoresha, usibye kumenya uburyo bikorwamo, ubundi tukuhira ubwatsi n’amazi gusa, mu gihe cy’ iminsi irindwi amatungo aba yatangiye kurisha.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubworozi/hatangijwe-ubukangurambaga-bwigisha-aborozi-guhunika-ubwatsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228121227/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubworozi/hatangijwe-ubukangurambaga-bwigisha-aborozi-guhunika-ubwatsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kubuhunika === Abaturage iyo igihe cy’impeshyi cyageze, bakwiye kwita kuri gahunda zo guhunika ubwatsi hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye, bwaba ukubika ubwatsi bwumye, kubika ubwatsi bubisi hifashishijwe amashashi yabugenewe ndetse n’uburyo bumenyerewe nko gukoresha umwobo muremure ugashyiramo shitingi ubundi ugashyiramo ubwatsi ukabubikamo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Abaturage-bahings-ubwatsi-bwinka-za-RAB-bamaze-amezi-7-badahembwa</ref> [[Dosiye:G. gallus domesticus, Neuss (DE) -- 2023 -- 0062.jpg|thumb|148x148px|[[Dosiye:Aho baturiye kugira hazoze ubwatsi bishasha bw'ibikoko.jpg|thumb|ubwatsi mu ishyamba]]Inkoko iri mu murima w'ubwatsi]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] cc60jhu0y0kn8ie36ryzmi0x75m5nrj Pasiparume 0 14426 137704 130718 2026-09-15T16:58:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137704 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:084 Green grass lawn background, green mowed grass free photo.jpg|thumb|143x143px|Pasiparumu]] [[Dosiye:Kwahira ibyatsi.jpg|left|thumb|165x165px|pasiparume]] Pasiparume ni umuryango w'ibimera byitwa monocotyledonous byurutonde Poales, birimo amoko agera ku 12.000 y'ibyatsi bisa ubururu, Pasiparume yatangiye gukoreshwa muri 780, aho yaje nogukwirakwira mu [[isi]] yose. Pasiparume ikaba imaze kugira umubare w'ubwoko bwinshi cyane, ukaba ari umuryango wa gatanu wibimera by'indabyo, nyuma ya Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae na Rubiaceae.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubworozi/hatangijwe-ubukangurambaga-bwigisha-aborozi-guhunika-ubwatsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228121227/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubworozi/hatangijwe-ubukangurambaga-bwigisha-aborozi-guhunika-ubwatsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/article/gutunganya-ubusitani-akazi-kinjiriza-menshi-abagakora</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230228113308/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?rubrique13</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/plant/grass</ref> * [[Dosiye:Natural green grass.jpg|thumb|176x176px|Pasiparumu]]Pasiparume ikaba ukunzwe gukoreshwa cyane mu gukora ubusitani butandyukanye. * Pasiparume ikaba kandi ikoreshwa mugukora ikibuga cyo gukiniraho. * Pasiparume rimwe na nimwe bitewe nigihe cy'izuba icya ihinduka ibiryo by'amatungo.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/ihere-ijisho-ubwiza-bwa-stade-ya-bugesera-yatangiye-kuganurwa-n-abatuye-aka</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uburyo-bushobora-gufasha-umworozi-guhunika-ubwatsi-muri-iyi-mpeshyi</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-urubyiruko-rwayobotse-ikoranabuhanga-mu-gukora-ubwatsi-bw-amatungo</ref> [[Dosiye:Grass 9.jpg|thumb|Pasiparume|138x138px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 5klzf9jmi7fpjkacare1nkbj766zobg Ubuhinzi bw'Amapera 0 14435 137693 134274 2026-09-15T16:54:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137693 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Guava ID.jpg|thumb|Amapera]] [[Dosiye:Pear fruits.jpg|thumb|Ipera]] [[Dosiye:Small Guava plant 02.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Igiti cy'amapera]] [[Dosiye:Unripe guava fruit.jpg|left|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'Amapera]] Amapera ni rumwe mu mbuto zifite intungamubiri zinafatiye runini ubuzima bwacu.Nizo mbuto ahari zidahenda ku isoko ndetse usanga zarimejeje ahantu henshi kuko naho witumye waziriye ziramera, Amapera ari mu mbuto z’ingenzi zikize kuri vitamini C. ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko amapera akubye 4 vitamini C iboneka mu macunga. Iyi vitamini izwiho kongerera ingufu ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wacu ikanawurinda indwara ziterwa na mikorobi.Amapera arinda ibyago byo kurwara kanseri zinyuranye.Ibi biterwa nuko arimo lycopene, quercetin, na ya vitamini C byose bizwiho kurwanya kanseri. By umwihariko amapera azwiho kurwanya kanseri ya porositate n’iy’amabereBitewe nuko amapera akize kuri fibre ni imbuto nziza ku barwayi ba diyabete.Nubwo aryohera ariko arimo isukari nkeya kandi za fibre zifasha kuringaniza igipimo cy’isukari mu maraso.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/amapera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228162447/https://umutihealth.com/amapera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Psidium guajava en tequisquiapan.jpg|thumb|Amapera]] === Ibyiza by'amapera === Amapera aringaniza igipimo cya sodiyumu na kalisiyumu mu mubiri bityo akaba meza mu kurinda umuvuduko udasanzwe w’amaraso. Ikindi ni uko afasha mu kugabanya cholesterol mbi izwiho kongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima, ahubwo agafasha mu kongera cholesterol nziza Ipera rimwe gusa riguha 12% bya fibre ukeneye ku munsi bityo amapera ni meza mu gufasha igogorwa ry’ibiryo. Ibi biyaha ingufu zo kurwanya kwituma impatwe, bitandukanye nibyo bayavugaho ko ahubwo atera kwituma impatwe.Kubera vitamini A irimo amapera azwiho gufasha mu mikorere myiza y’amaso. Ntarinda kutareba neza gusa ahubwo anatuma amaso areba neza cyane. Afite ubushobozi bwo kurinda indwara y’ishaza no kutareba neza. Ku bagore batwite amapera abongerera vitamini B9, twabonye ko ari nziza mu gufasha umwana uri mu nda akazakura neza, adafite ibibazo mu mikorere y’umubiri we.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230228162447/https://agakiza.org/Wari-uzi-akamaro-k-amapera-mu-buzima-bwawe.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Guava Leaves.jpg|thumb|Ibibabi by'amapera]] === Ibibabi === Ibibabi by’amapera bizwiho kurwanya indwara zinyuranye z’amenyo. Si ibyo gusa kuko binarinda kubyimbirwa bikanica mikorobi zinyuranye. Ku bw’ibyo rero kubihekenya no kunywa amazi yabyo birwanya kubyimba ishinya, ib isebe byo mu kanwa no kuribwa amenyo Niba wakoze ukananirwa cyane, uriye amapera wumva stress igiye. Biterwa na magnesium ibamo izwiho kuruhura imikaya, no kugarura akanyabugabo mu mubiri. Mu mapera dusangamo #vitamini B3 na B6 zizwiho kugirira akamaro bwonko bikaruhura imitsi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/ibibabi-by-amapera-bigabanya-ibinure-bibi-mu-mubiri-bikanavura-indwara-zitandukanye</ref> === Amapera adahiye === Amapera mabisi azwiho gufasha mu gutakaza ibiro. Iyo uyariye ku bwinshi bikurinda kurya cyane kandi iyo ari mabisi nta sukari nyinshi iba irimo. Umutobe w’amapera adahiye kimwe no guhekenya ibibabi byayo bizwiho kuvura inkorora n’utundi turwara duterwa na virusi. Bifasha mu kubasha gusohora igikororwa kandi ibihaha bigahumeka neza Ipera rimwe ku munsi ryagufasha guhorana itoto!! Ibi wabigeraho bitewe nuko kuba akize kuri vitamini A, C na antioxidants nka carotene na lycopene. Ibi birwanya iminkanyari ku ruhu. Twayavugaho byinshi kuko anazwiho kurwanya igicuri n’indwara zifitanye isano na cyo, no kurwanya indwara zinyuranye ziterwa na bagiteri.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/impamvu-ukwiye-guhora-urya-amapera-namababi-yayo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228162449/https://yegob.rw/impamvu-ukwiye-guhora-urya-amapera-namababi-yayo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amapera nayo arakize muri vit. A, B, C, E.Afite n’imyunyu ngugu, calcium, manyeziyumu, potasiyumu, zinc, cuivre, manganèse. Iryo tunda rikingira kanseri rigabanya urugimbu mu maraso, rikagabanya umuvuduko urenze w’amaraso. Uriye amapera 3 ku munsi wagira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya itabi ushaka kurireka. N’itunda ritera imbaraga, rikenewe ku muntu ukirutse indwara zikomeye.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 6ojuxzgt69hkfewznc498xnpq59mc2p Imiteja 0 14441 137694 136002 2026-09-15T16:54:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137694 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vigna unguiculata subsp.sesquipedalis-2-veerapandy-coimbatore-India.jpg|thumb|umuteja ku bishyimbo]] [[Dosiye:Vigna unguiculata habit7.jpg|thumb|igishyimbo k'umuteja]] [[Dosiye:Green_Beans,_greengrocers_display,_Redruth,_Cornwall_-_October_2022.jpg|thumb|Imiteja ]] [[Dosiye:Fresh Vegetables 2.jpg|thumb|imiteja irikumwe nizidi mboga]] [[Dosiye:Whole Foods salt and pepper green beans - November 2023 - Sarah Stierch.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green Beans 2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green beans 169clue.jpg|thumb|Green beans ]] [[Dosiye:Green beans in a wooden box.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green beans - Würzburg market - DSC02958.JPG|thumb|Green beans ]] [[Dosiye:Green beans - Würzburg market - DSC02958.JPG|thumb|Green beans ]] '''Imboga z'Imiteja''' Imiteja ni imboga zikunze kuboneka rimwe na rimwe ku mafunguro dufata, si ibishyimbo bitarera nkuko bamwe bajya babitekereza ahubwo ni ibyo kurya biribwa uko, kandi hari ubwoko bwaganewe kuribwa ari imiteja, kuri ubu hariho amoko arenga 150.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/imiteja/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228210454/https://umutihealth.com/imiteja/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Nubwo wacyeka ko ihuje intungamubiri n’ibishyimbo nyamara sibyo kuko yo ni ifunguro riri ukwaryo kandi rifite intungamubiri ryihariye. [[Dosiye:Vegetable shop in Maddur.jpg|thumb|imiteja]] == Akamaro k’Imiteja == [[Dosiye:Beans farm plantation.jpg|thumb|220x220px]] Imiteja ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri na za vitamine zinyuranye, aho muri 100g zayo usangamo;41 Calories,8g z’ibitera imbaraga,4g za fibres,1g y’isukari na 2g za poroteyine Tunasangamo kandi vitamin A, C na K. sizo gusa kuko tunasangamo vitamin B1, B2, B6, B9 n’imyunyungugu nk’ubutare, potasiyumu, silicon, kalisiyumu, manganese, umuringa  na manyeziyumu.Uretse kuba iryoha rero, inafatiye runini umubiri wacu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2020/11/akamaro-k-harimo-no-kugabanya-ibyago.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228210459/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2020/11/akamaro-k-harimo-no-kugabanya-ibyago.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0" />Kuko imiteja ikungahaye kuri flavonoids ni myiza mu kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’umutima. Izi flavonoid zizwiho kurinda amaraso kuvura bityo bikaba byiza mu gutuma amaraso atembera neza,Kurya imiteja bigabanya utubyimba tuza mu mara dushobora kubyara kanseri y’amara. Kugabanya utwo tubyimba rero bifasha mu kurinda iyo kanseri kuko aritwo tuyibyara. Si ibyo gusa kuko no kuba harimo fibre bifasha igogorwa kugenda neza bikarinda amara kuba yananirwa,<ref name=":2">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/indwara-mozayike-ifata-imiteja-ni-mbi-cyane</ref>Diyabete ni indwara isaba ko uyirwaye ahora acungana n’igipimo cy’isukari mu maraso ye. Kurya imiteja rero bigaragara ko bifasha aba barwayi kuringaniza iki gipimo. Mu cyimbo cyo gufata indi miti niba bitararenga inkombe, kurya imiteja ku buryo buhoraho byagufasha guhangana n’iyi ndwara. == Ibindi Wamenya == Mu ntungamubiri ziri mu imiteja dusangamo calcium ikaba izwiho kurinda amagufa kwangirika no gutuma akomera.Harimo na vitamin A, K na silicon. Ibi iyo bibaye bicye ingaruka ziba kudakomera kw’amagufa, kutaremera kwayo no kwangirika byoroshye,Silicon ni umunyungugu udakunze kuboneka mu biribwa byinshi nyamara mu miteja ubonekamo ku rwego rwo hejuru, uyu munyu ukaba ariwo utuma amagufa yisana iyo hagize ikiyangiza.Ku bagore bari mu myaka yo kubyara, kurya ibikungahaye ku  utare bibongerera uburumbuke ndetse bikanafasha gusama umwana uzira ubusembwa n’ubumuga.<ref name=":0" />Ubutare bukaba buboneka mu miteja ku gipimo cyiza. Gusa birushaho kuba ingenzi iyo uvanze imiteja n’irindi funguro rikungahaye kuri vitamin C nka poivron inyanya n’inkeri kuko iyi vitamin ituma ubutare bubasha gukoreshwa neza mu mubiri Si ibyo gusa kuko iyo umugore atwite aba akeneye vitamin B9 ihagije mu kurinda abo batwite kuvukana ubumuga bw’urutirigongo. Kurya imiteja ni kimwe mu byongera iyi vitamin mu mubiri.<ref name=":1" />Kubona vitamin B9 ihagije ni kimwe mu birinda bikanarwanya indwara yo kwiheba no kwigunga.Si ibyo gusa kuko binarinda ko homocysteine yaba nyinshi kuko ubwinshi bwayo bubuza amaraso n’izindi ntungamubiri kugera mu bwonko.Ubwinshi bwa homocysteine kandi butuma imisemburo yo kumva utuje idakorwa ariyo serotonin, dopamine na noradrenaline ikaba imisemburo itera kumererwa neza, kuruhuka no kugira appetite, ibi byose bikaba bitabaho iyo ufite indwara yo kwiheba no kwigunga,Mu miteja harimo lutein na zeaxanthin zose zizwiho kuba ingenzi mu mikorere y’amaso. Uko izi flavonoids ziba nyinshi ni nako imikorere y’amaso igenda iba myiza, kandi kuba harimo vitamin A mu miteja bituma iba ingenzi mu kurinda ubuhumyi cyane cyane bwa nijoro,<ref name=":0" />Nkuko byabonetse mu miteja dusangamo vitamin C na za flavonoids ibi byose bikaba bifatanya mu kongerera ingufu ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. Si ibyo gusa kuko hanarimo ibisohora uburozi mu mubiri ari bwo bushobora gutera indwara zinyuranye harimo kanseri n’izindi. Urugero rwa flavonoid twavuga zibonekamo harimo catechins zirwanya guturika kw’imitsi, beta-carotene zifite akamaro kanyuranye mu mubiri. == Mozayike indwara ifata imiteja == Ibimenyetso biyigaragaza, usanga amababi y’ibishyimbo azaho ibibara by’umuhondo kandi akihinahina areba hasi. Imiteja irihina kandi ikagaragara nk’isize amavuta. Ku mababi no ku miteja hagaragaraho utubara duto dusa n’umuhondo.Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira vuba kuko virusi yayo ikwirakwizwa n’imbuto zirwaye hamwe n’inda “aphdis”. Kuba igihingwa kirwaye cyakora ku kitwarwaye nabyo bituma ikitarwaye kiyandura.<ref name=":2" />Mu kuyirwanya umuhinzi agomba gutera imbuto z’indobanure kandi zihanganira ubwo burwayi. Gukoresha imiti irwanya inda ku miteja nka methomyl cyangwa dimethoate nabyo birwanya iyi ndwara; nk’uko tubisanga mu gitabo cya NAEB kivuga ku byonnyi n’indwara by’imboga n’imbuto.Ikindi umuhinzi yakora ni ukurandura igihingwa kigaragayeho uburwayi mu murima. Ikindi kandi umuhinzi agomba gutunganya imbuto zigiye guterwa akoresheje umuti witwa imidacloprid urinda inda zikwirakwiza virusi, akawukoresha byibura kugera aho uruyange rugaragariye.<ref name=":2" />Bimwe mubyo kwitondera kumiteja Nubwo imiteja ari ibyo kurya bifite intungamubiri zihagije kandi zifitiye runini umubiri, hari ibyo ukwiye kuzirikana no kwitondera;Mu miteja dusangamo phytic acid, iyi rero iyo ibaye nyinshi ishobora gutuma umubiri utinjiza izindi ntungamubiri. Akenshi ibuza ko umubiri winjiza calcium, zinc n’indi myunyungugu inyuranye. Gusa ntiboneka ku bwinshi mu miteja, ariko niba hari uburwayi ufite butuma imyunyungugu idakora neza mu mubiri wawe, wayigabanya mu byo kurya byawe. Gusa kuko kuyiteka bigabanya iyi acid, niba ufite ikibazo cy’ubwo burwayi, wayirya itetse kurenza ko wayirya nka salade,<ref name=":0" />Mu moko menshi y’ibishyimbo dusangamo lectin, iyi ikaba ishobora gufata kuri poroteyine zinyuranye nuko bikabangamira igogorwa. Mu miteja habamo nkeya ariko ibamo. Kimwe na phytic acid, guteka imiteja cyangwa kubanza kuyinika mu mazi igihe kirekire bigabanya igipimo cya lectin. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] ktx0073sa0fvvax6ccratuswpv1medd Ndibyariye Jean de Dieu 0 14450 137568 120171 2026-09-15T16:07:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jado Max''' ubusanzwe yitwa '''Nduwayezu Ndibyariye Jean de Dieu''' ni umunyamakuru wa siporo wa bigize umwuga. Nduwayezu Ndibyariye Jean de Dieu uzwi nka Jado Max yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye nka radio Kiss FM, yakoreye kuti KFM, yatangiye itangazamakuru kuri Radio Isanganiro muri 2010 iri mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|karere ka karongi]]. Akorera Flash FM kugez 2016, akomereza kuri RadioTV10.  Nduwayezu Ndibyariye Jean de Dieu Aha hose yavugaga imikino n’inkuru za siporo.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/inkundura-hagati-y-abanyamakuru-b-imikino-ku-maradiyo?url_reload=1</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/nyuma-yo-gusezera-kuri-radio10-jado-max-yatangiye-akazi-kuri-radio-nshya</ref><ref name=":2">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/91300/jado-max-wamamaye-kuri-flash-fm-yerecyeje-kuri-kiss-fm-gutangiza-ikiganiro-cya-siporo-91300.html</ref><ref name=":3">https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-jado-max-yagarutse-gukorera-kuri-kiss-fm-mukiganiro-cya-kiss-drive</ref><ref><nowiki>https://ibicu.com/jado-max-wa-kissfm-yakozanyijeho-numufana-bapfa-cristiano/</nowiki> </ref><ref><nowiki>https://yegob.rw/radio-kiss-fm-yungutse-umunyamakuru-mushya-amafoto/</nowiki> </ref><ref name=":4">https://www.rwandamag.com/umunyamakuru-cyuzuzo-wa-kiss-fm-numukunzi-we-batunguwe-nimpano-bahawe-ku-bukwe-bwabo/</ref><ref name=":5">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-cyuzuzo-yakoze-ubukwe-amafoto-na-video</ref><ref name=":6">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref> === Siporo === Jado Max Jado Max yagiye aherekeza ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira wa maguru yu Rwanda [[Amavubi|Amavubu]], ndetse na n'amakipe ya ma club, aho yabaga yasohotse hanze yigihugu, yagiye gukina. Ndibyariye Jean de Dieu uzwi nka Jado Max avuga amakuru y’imikino na siporo, yogeza imipira kandi ni umusesenguzi ku mikino ya siporo itandukanye  yo mu Rwanda ndetse niyo ku mugabane w’I [[burayi]]. Jado Max ni umufana wa Chelsea FC yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]], ku mugabane w'iburayi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Imikino]] 46cu2dmrsa1q7l4h762pzwtw90d8v8t Uwihanganye Barahira Fuadi 0 14456 137296 134045 2026-09-15T14:21:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwihanganye Barahira Fuadi''' ni umunyamakuru w’umupira w’amaguru na [[siporo]], akaba akorera ikigo cy’itangazamakuru B&B FM Umwezi akora ikinagiro Sports Bar. Uwihanganye Barahira Fuadi yakoreye ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye aho yatangiriye ku kinyamakuru cyandika kuri interinete cyitwa The Magasinsports akomereza kuri RadioTV10. Uwihanganye Barahira Fuadi ni  umusesenguzi ku mikino itandukanye  yo mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse niyo kumugabane w’I [[burayi]]. Uwihanganye Barahira Fuadi ni umufana wa Kiyovu Sports yo mu Rwanda ndetse n’ikipe ya Chelsea na Sunderland yo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], Saint Etienne yo mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] na Werder Bremen yo mu [[Ubudage|Budage]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75950/fuadi-uwihanganye-75950.html</ref><ref>https://imirasiretv.com/abanyamakuru-10-bogeza-umupira-wamaguru-babahanga-kurusha-abandi-mu-rwanda-amafoto/</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] depozge71iv65a7qia0r50z1852ovgi Niyibizi Aime 0 14457 137498 134206 2026-09-15T15:50:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137498 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niyibizi Aime''' ni umunyamakuru w’umupira w’amaguru na [[siporo]], akaba akorera ikigo cy’igihugu cy’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda RBA riri mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|karere ka Rusizi]] muri Radiyo y’abaturage ya Rusizi. Niyibizi Aime  ni umutoza mu mukino wa Rugy, afite kandi Label ifasha abakinnyi batandukanye. Niyibizi Aime yakoreye ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye aho ubu ari umunyamakuru wa Radio Fine FM [[Rwanda]] ndetse abifatanya nogukorera Isibo TV, yakoreye kandi RadioTV1. Niyibizi Aime ni  umusesenguzi ku mikino itandukanye  yo mu Rwanda ndetse niyo kumugabane w’I [[burayi]]. Niyibizi Aime ni umufana w’ikipe ya Manchester United yo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] na Real [[Madrid]] yo muri [[Esipanye]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/84997/rusizi-84997.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/umunyamakuru-niyibizi-aime-aratabaza-kubera-guterwa-amabuye-nabo-atazi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301012745/https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/umunyamakuru-niyibizi-aime-aratabaza-kubera-guterwa-amabuye-nabo-atazi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wimikino-ukunzwe-kuri-fine-fm-agiye-kwerekeza-hanze-yu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301012748/https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wimikino-ukunzwe-kuri-fine-fm-agiye-kwerekeza-hanze-yu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/muramira-regis-ayoboye-itsinda-rizajya-rikora-ikiganiro-cyimikino-ku-isibo-tv |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301012747/https://www.thechoicelive.com/muramira-regis-ayoboye-itsinda-rizajya-rikora-ikiganiro-cyimikino-ku-isibo-tv |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://imirasiretv.com/umunyamakuru-sam-karenzi-yahaye-gasopo-umukozi-wa-skol-bituma-ihagarika-gutera-inkunga-ikiganiro-urukiko-rwubujurire/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301012747/https://imirasiretv.com/umunyamakuru-sam-karenzi-yahaye-gasopo-umukozi-wa-skol-bituma-ihagarika-gutera-inkunga-ikiganiro-urukiko-rwubujurire/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://imirasiretv.com/abanyamakuru-10-bogeza-umupira-wamaguru-babahanga-kurusha-abandi-mu-rwanda-amafoto/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 8lubcw5d1n7a3okmgei1y5tsgo84njv Emmanuel Nkurunziza Ruvuyanga 0 14458 137775 134202 2026-09-15T17:10:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Study_tour_on_Buffer_zone_management.jpg|thumb|RBA]] '''Nkurunziza ruvuyanga Emmanuel''' ni umunyamakuru w’abigize umwuga,akora mugisata cyimikino|siporo]] uvuka mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|karere ka Nyagatare]], akaba akorera ikigo cy’igihugu cy’itangazamakuru mu [[Rwanda]] RBA. Ruvuyanga yakoreye ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye nka Radio Huguka yo mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]], akomeza  akorera Radio Fine FM [[Rwanda]], ndetse na Radio Rwanda. Nkurunziza ruvuyanga Emmanuel ni  umusesenguzi ku mikino itandukanye  yo mu Rwanda ndetse niyo ku mu gabane w’I [[burayi]]. Nkurunziza ruvuyanga Emmanuel ni umufana w’ikipe ya Arsenal yo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] na FC Barcelona yo muri [[Esipanye]].Nkurunziza ruvuyanga Emmanuel yagiye aherekeza ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira wa maguru yu Rwanda [[Amavubi|Amavubu]], ndetse na n'amakipe ya ma club, aho yabaga yasohotse hanze yigihugu, yagiye gukina.<ref>https://imirasiretv.com/abanyamakuru-10-bogeza-umupira-wamaguru-babahanga-kurusha-abandi-mu-rwanda-amafoto/</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113991/umunyamakuru-ruvuyanga-wa-rba-yerekanye-umukunzi-we-bitegura-kurushinga-amafoto-113991.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umukunzi-wa-ruvuyanga-yaciye-amarenga-ko-ubukwe-buri-hafi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301013416/https://yegob.rw/umukunzi-wa-ruvuyanga-yaciye-amarenga-ko-ubukwe-buri-hafi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/urukundo-rwumunyamakuru-ruvuyanga-wa-rba-na-cherie-we-rugeze-aharyoshye-video/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301013416/https://yegob.rw/urukundo-rwumunyamakuru-ruvuyanga-wa-rba-na-cherie-we-rugeze-aharyoshye-video/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/umunyamakuru-ruvuyanga-yahaye-inka-byiringiro-lague-mbere-yo-gukora-ubukwe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301013410/https://www.thechoicelive.com/umunyamakuru-ruvuyanga-yahaye-inka-byiringiro-lague-mbere-yo-gukora-ubukwe |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/byiringiro-lague-yarongoye-gen-kabarebe-amwizeza-kumushyigikira-amafoto</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 41401yidxtja7ys057kdp5dv4dxy97j 137793 137775 2026-09-15T18:13:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[NKURUNZIZA RUVUYANGA EMMANUEL]] to [[Emmanuel Nkurunziza Ruvuyanga]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Study_tour_on_Buffer_zone_management.jpg|thumb|RBA]] '''Nkurunziza ruvuyanga Emmanuel''' ni umunyamakuru w’abigize umwuga,akora mugisata cyimikino|siporo]] uvuka mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|karere ka Nyagatare]], akaba akorera ikigo cy’igihugu cy’itangazamakuru mu [[Rwanda]] RBA. Ruvuyanga yakoreye ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye nka Radio Huguka yo mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]], akomeza  akorera Radio Fine FM [[Rwanda]], ndetse na Radio Rwanda. Nkurunziza ruvuyanga Emmanuel ni  umusesenguzi ku mikino itandukanye  yo mu Rwanda ndetse niyo ku mu gabane w’I [[burayi]]. Nkurunziza ruvuyanga Emmanuel ni umufana w’ikipe ya Arsenal yo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] na FC Barcelona yo muri [[Esipanye]].Nkurunziza ruvuyanga Emmanuel yagiye aherekeza ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira wa maguru yu Rwanda [[Amavubi|Amavubu]], ndetse na n'amakipe ya ma club, aho yabaga yasohotse hanze yigihugu, yagiye gukina.<ref>https://imirasiretv.com/abanyamakuru-10-bogeza-umupira-wamaguru-babahanga-kurusha-abandi-mu-rwanda-amafoto/</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113991/umunyamakuru-ruvuyanga-wa-rba-yerekanye-umukunzi-we-bitegura-kurushinga-amafoto-113991.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umukunzi-wa-ruvuyanga-yaciye-amarenga-ko-ubukwe-buri-hafi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301013416/https://yegob.rw/umukunzi-wa-ruvuyanga-yaciye-amarenga-ko-ubukwe-buri-hafi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/urukundo-rwumunyamakuru-ruvuyanga-wa-rba-na-cherie-we-rugeze-aharyoshye-video/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301013416/https://yegob.rw/urukundo-rwumunyamakuru-ruvuyanga-wa-rba-na-cherie-we-rugeze-aharyoshye-video/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/umunyamakuru-ruvuyanga-yahaye-inka-byiringiro-lague-mbere-yo-gukora-ubukwe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301013410/https://www.thechoicelive.com/umunyamakuru-ruvuyanga-yahaye-inka-byiringiro-lague-mbere-yo-gukora-ubukwe |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/byiringiro-lague-yarongoye-gen-kabarebe-amwizeza-kumushyigikira-amafoto</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 41401yidxtja7ys057kdp5dv4dxy97j Uwanyirigira Delphine 0 14462 137569 120028 2026-09-15T16:07:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwanyirigira Delphine''' ni umunyarwandakazi w’umunyamupira na siporo akaba muri Komite Nyobozi y’[[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] ari nka Komiseri ushinzwe Amategeko mu ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda ([[FERWAFA]]). Uwanyirigira Delphine Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu by'ubuyobozi yakuye muri [[Kaminuza yigenga ya kigali|Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali]] (ULK). Delphine n’umushakashatsi muri IPAR-Rwanda afite uburambe bw'imyaka 3 muri ako kazi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipar-rwanda.org/?page=profile&id_article=284 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301015728/http://www.ipar-rwanda.org/?page=profile&id_article=284 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nizeyimana-olivier-na-we-yatanze-kandidatire-ye-muri-ferwafa?var_mode=calcul</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/abakandida-babiri-ni-bo-bemejwe-ku-mwanya-wa-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/olivier-mugabo-nizeyimana-is-the-new-ferwafa-president/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-yatorewe-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-ni-we-utorewe-kuba-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nizeyimana-olivier-na-we-yatanze-kandidatire-ye-muri-ferwafa</nowiki> </ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/nizeyimana-olivier-uherutse-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ferwafa-mu-myaka-ine-iri-imbere-yakoze-ihererekanyabubasha-na-komite-nyobozi-icyuye-igihe/</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nizeyimana-olivier-urusha-abandi-amahirwe-yatanze-kandidatire-yo-kuyobora</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] sk2gt3mxo9qxgsjc4mkbberbcg3rbls Habarugira Patrick 0 14467 137326 134115 2026-09-15T14:25:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habarugira Patrick''' uzwi nka '''Paty''' ni umunyamakuru wabigize umwuga mu mikino na siporo, wakoreraga ikigo cy’igihugu cy’itangazamakuru RBA yagikoreye imwaka igera ku 10, akaba ubu ari umunyeshuri mu mashuri makuru na kaminuza muri Canada. Habarugira Patrick yize Itangazamakuru muri kaminuza ya  ICK,   yabaye umwarimu mu gihe kigera ku myaka itatu. Habarugira Patrick yayoboye ishami rya siporo muri RBA, Habarugira Patrick yegukanye ibihembo bibiri nk’Umunyamakuru Mwiza wa Siporo mu 2017 no mu 2020.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/icyatumye-paty-habarugira-atandukana-na-rba-yari-amazemo-imyaka-10/</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/patrick-habarugira-wari-ukuriye-igisata-cy-imikino-kuri-radio-rwanda-yerekeje-muri-canada</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/habarugira-patrick-yasezeye-kuri-radio-rwanda-yari-amazeho-imyaka-isaga-10</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/habarugira-patrick-yatandukanye-na-rba-nyuma-y-imyaka-10</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Umunyamakuru-Patty-Habarugira-yatandukanye-na-RBA</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/69864/paty-habarugira-na-kapiteni-w-ikipe-y-igihugu-inshuti-magara-69864.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230301023855/https://genesisbizz.com/Umunyamakuru-wa-RBA-na-Nduwantare-watoje-Gicumbi-bahawe-akazi-muri-As-Muhanga</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/imyambaro-izagurishwa-twerekana-muhadjili-izagaruza-ayo-yaguzwe-sadate</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/yewe-bava-kure-pe-ifoto-yumunyamakuru-patrick-habarugira-akiri-muto-ikomeje-kuvugisha-abatari-bake/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301023841/https://yegob.rw/yewe-bava-kure-pe-ifoto-yumunyamakuru-patrick-habarugira-akiri-muto-ikomeje-kuvugisha-abatari-bake/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] dha7zhhusw634e7oxsictdzg39i9xdk Habyarimana Marcel Matiku 0 14470 137374 134116 2026-09-15T14:39:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habyarimana Marcel Matiku''' ni umunyarwanda akaba Komite Nyobozi y[[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|’ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] ari nka Visi Perezida wa [[FERWAFA]], amaze imyaka ine kuri uyu mwanya. Ubwo yazaga muri Komite Nyobozi y’iri shyirahamwe yari avuye muri Espoir FC y’i Rusizi mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|karere ka rusizi]] yari abereye Visi Perezida. Habyarimana Marcel Matiku ubundi usanzwe afite ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu Karere ka Rusizi.<ref>http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nizeyimana-olivier-na-we-yatanze-kandidatire-ye-muri-ferwafa?var_mode=calcu</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/abakandida-babiri-ni-bo-bemejwe-ku-mwanya-wa-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/olivier-mugabo-nizeyimana-is-the-new-ferwafa-president/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-yatorewe-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-ni-we-utorewe-kuba-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nizeyimana-olivier-na-we-yatanze-kandidatire-ye-muri-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nizeyimana-olivier-urusha-abandi-amahirwe-yatanze-kandidatire-yo-kuyobora</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/knc-yatabaje-perezida-wa-ferwafa-nyuma-yo-guhezwa-hanze-ya-sitade-ku-mukino-wa-rayon-sports-na-police-fc/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301030225/https://yegob.rw/knc-yatabaje-perezida-wa-ferwafa-nyuma-yo-guhezwa-hanze-ya-sitade-ku-mukino-wa-rayon-sports-na-police-fc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.africatopsports.com/2018/04/02/jean-damascene-sekamana-nouveau-president-de-fede-rwandaise-de-foot/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/115992/perezida-wa-ferwafa-nabo-bayoborana-bitabiriye-inteko-rusange-ya-fifa-muri-qatar-115992.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301030226/https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/115992/perezida-wa-ferwafa-nabo-bayoborana-bitabiriye-inteko-rusange-ya-fifa-muri-qatar-115992.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/nyuma-yo-kugera-muri-mali-amavubi-u23-yakoze-imyitozo-yoroheje-yitegura-umukino-wo-kwishyura-wijonjora-rya-kabiri-hashakwa-itike-ya-can-u23-ya-2023/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 8wviuwmu8egugoxs1r9a69avna2flt2 Mugabo Nizeyimana Olivier 0 14471 137394 134192 2026-09-15T14:42:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mugabo Nizeyimana Olivier''' ni perezida wa [[FERWAFA]], umugabo wamaze imyaka isaga icumi (10) ari muri Mukura Victory Sports, nk’umuyobozi mukuru perezida kuva  Yayigezemo mu 2010-2011 ariko na mbere yo kuba umuyobozi akaba yari umunyamuryango. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nizeyimana-olivier-urusha-abandi-amahirwe-yatanze-kandidatire-yo-kuyobora</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/as-kigali-wfc-yashyikirijwe-igikombe-cya-shampiyona</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-yatorewe-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-ni-we-utorewe-kuba-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lookcharms.com/olivier-nizeyimana-mugabo-president-of-the-rwandan-football-federation-our-team-is-missing-the-opportunity-to-compete-against-one-of-the-giants-of-africa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301031221/https://lookcharms.com/olivier-nizeyimana-mugabo-president-of-the-rwandan-football-federation-our-team-is-missing-the-opportunity-to-compete-against-one-of-the-giants-of-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/amafoto-yo-mu-bihe-bitandukanye-ya-mugabo-nizeyimana-olivier-watorewe-kuyobora-ferwafa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301031222/https://yegob.rw/amafoto-yo-mu-bihe-bitandukanye-ya-mugabo-nizeyimana-olivier-watorewe-kuyobora-ferwafa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-17145103</ref> === [[Mukura Victory Sports]] === Nizeyimana kuva ari muri Mukura VS,  ikipe yagiye iza mu makipe yimbere muri shampiyona, yakoranye n’abatoza nka Okoko Godefroid na Kaze Cedric, Haringingo Francis na Toni Hernandez. Nizeyimana Olivier Mukura  yabashije kwegukana ibikombe bibiri Icy’[[Amahoro Masa|Amahoro]] mu 2018, icy’Agaciro mu 2019. Mugabo Nizeyimana afite ikipe yitwa Volcano FC ikina shampiyona y’imikino y’abakozi itegurwa na RPST.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nizeyimana-olivier-umunyemari-wihebeye-ruhago-yaba-ari-we-mucunguzi-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Olivier-Nizeyimana-yatorewe-kuyobora-FERWAFA-uko-amatora-yagenze</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nizeyimana-olivier-na-we-yatanze-kandidatire-ye-muri-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/olivier-mugabo-nizeyimana-is-the-new-ferwafa-president/</ref> === Ubucuruzi === Mugabo Nizeyimana Olivier Uretse kuba ari Umuyobozi wa Mukura VS, ni n’umunyamuryango wa FC Barcelona yo muri [[Esipanye|Espagne]]. Akaba umuyobozi w’ibigo birimo Volcano Ltd itwara abantu n’ibintu na Hyundai.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://rushyashya.net/nizeyimana-olivier-uherutse-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ferwafa-mu-myaka-ine-iri-imbere-yakoze-ihererekanyabubasha-na-komite-nyobozi-icyuye-igihe</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2021/06/19/mugabo-nizeyimana-olivier-yavuze-imigabo-nimigambi-afitiye-ferwafa-ahatanira-kuyobora/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301031222/https://igisabo.rw/2021/06/19/mugabo-nizeyimana-olivier-yavuze-imigabo-nimigambi-afitiye-ferwafa-ahatanira-kuyobora/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://ingenzinyayo.com/2022/06/18/ikindi-kimenyetso-cyuko-nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-ferwafa-imunaniye-cyabonetse-ku-makipe-interforce-fc-na-as-muhanga-zibuzwa-gukina/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 0j9wm0xv5lioje5su9wkuow06x38sph Gakwaya Christian 0 14478 137431 128184 2026-09-15T14:56:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gakwaya Christian''' ni umuyobozi w’Ishyirahamwe ry’imikino y’ama modoka na moto mu [[Rwanda]]. Gakwaya ya yoboye amasiganwa atandukanye nka Rwanda Mountain Gorilla rally muri 2022. Gakwaya Christian kandi ni umuyobozi mukuru wa campany officer of Rwanda Events ariyo itegura Miss East Africa Rwanda Chapter and owned by BL group of a campanies. Gakwaya muri kaminuza yize agribusiness and agro economics. Gakwaya ni umucungamari muruku muri komite olepike mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.pd.co.ke/topic/rwanda-automobile-club-president-christian-gakwaya/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://olympicrwanda.org/executive-committee/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301034924/https://olympicrwanda.org/executive-committee/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/article/minisitiri-munyangaju-yafunguye-rwanda-mountain-gorilla-rally-2022-iri-gukinwa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandaises.com/2009/12/umunyarwandakazi-akazuba-yabaye-nyampinga-wafurika-yiburasirazuba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301034923/https://rwandaises.com/2009/12/umunyarwandakazi-akazuba-yabaye-nyampinga-wafurika-yiburasirazuba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230301034927/https://www.sportsnews.africa/tag/christian-gakwaya/</ref><ref>https://gistflare.com.ng/cynthia-akazuba-biography-age-sister-parents-boyfriend-miss-kigali-miss-east-africa-career-net-worth-instagram-wiki/</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/karan-patel-yegukanye-rwanda-mountain-gorilla-rally-2022-ahigitse-leroy-gomes</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201311090114.html</ref><ref>https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/sport/go-karting-league-returns-to-kigali-arena</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/gakwaya-olivier/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/gakwaya-olivier-yahakanye-amakuru-yo-gusinyisha-sibomana-patrick</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/eric-gakwaya-yegukanye-isaganwa-ryamamodoka-ribimburira-andi-azakinwa-mu-2018/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/article/uwayo-theogene-yatorewe-kuba-perezida-mushya-wa-komite-olempike</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/giesen-jean-jean-ni-we-wegukanye-rallye-des-milles-collines-2017</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83887/miss-akazuba-cynthia-yasabwe-anakobwa-na-gakwaya-christian-u-83887.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 2vupcto8a7fbqzdhe580bizl9xt7eth Niyifasha Didace 0 14479 137628 134207 2026-09-15T16:46:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137628 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niyifasha Didace''' ni umunyamakuru w'imikino wabigize umwuga wakoreye ibitangazamakuru byinshi  hose yavugaga amakuru y’imikino na [[siporo]], haba ibinyamakuru byandika twavuga icyitwa Ishema cyangwa radio, harimo nka RadioTV10, aza nogukomeza gukora kuri radio na televivion ikorera kigali yitwa Isango Star TV.. Niyibizi Didace ni Umuyobozi wa Radio Inkoramutima . Niyibizi Didace akaba ari umwe mu banyamakuru bitabiriye amarushanwa ya groove awards yategutwaga kugiranngo hatoranye umunyamakuru mwiza muri 2015, ndetse Niyibizi Didace yaje no kwegukana igihembo cyi ikiganiro cya televiziyo cy’umwaka cyakozwe cyikanyura kuri Isango Star TV. Niyibizi Didace akaba aherutse gusoza amasomo ya kaminuza mu ishuri ry'itangazamakuru ICK rikorera i Muhanga.<ref><nowiki>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/49649/a-day-in-the-lifeadidace-niyifasha</nowiki> </ref><ref>https://cpj.org/2011/08/rwandan-paper-calls-president-a-sociopath-apologiz/</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/RBA-yahise-ibindi-bitangazamakuru-mu-bihembo-byatanzwe-ku-munsi-mpuzamahanga-wubwisanzure-bwitangazamakuru</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Ibyo-wakwibukira-kuri-Shyaka-Clever-Intwari-yaratabarutse-Imyaka-11-irashize |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301040830/https://genesisbizz.com/Ibyo-wakwibukira-kuri-Shyaka-Clever-Intwari-yaratabarutse-Imyaka-11-irashize |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/65735/urutonde-rw-abamaze-gutangaza-ko-batazitabira-groove-awards--65735.html</ref><ref>https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20200706131307339</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/yakuyemo-inkweto-ararambya-ibihe-bya-nyuma-by-umunyamakuru-w-imikino-shyaka-claver-umaze-imyaka-12-yitabye-imana</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/rwandan-journalists-launch-investment-company-seek-self-reliance/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301040831/https://panorama.rw/rwandan-journalists-launch-investment-company-seek-self-reliance/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imyaka-5-irashize-umunyamakuru</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/insengero-nizifungurwa-hari-amadini-n-amatorero-ashobora-gutakaza-abayoboke</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/maputo-amavubi-yakoze-urugendo-rwo-kunanura-imitsi-amafoto</ref><ref>https://integonews.com/amabanki-nta-cyizere-afitiye-itangazamakuru/</ref><ref>http://www.igihe.wikirwanda.org/cache/news-15-52-11842-1html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ibendera.com/akari-ku-mutima-wa-bamwe-mu-banyamakuru-bamazina-abyibushye-mu-rwanda-basoje-amasomo-yabo-muri-ick/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301042341/https://ibendera.com/akari-ku-mutima-wa-bamwe-mu-banyamakuru-bamazina-abyibushye-mu-rwanda-basoje-amasomo-yabo-muri-ick/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://radiotv10.rw/abanyamakuru-babanyabigwi-barimo-barore-mbangukira-na-maurice-barangije-kaminuza/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/bimwe-mu-byaranze-ubuzima-bwa-nyuma-bwumunyamakuru-shyaka-clever-witabye-imana-bitunguranye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301040955/https://yegob.rw/bimwe-mu-byaranze-ubuzima-bwa-nyuma-bwumunyamakuru-shyaka-clever-witabye-imana-bitunguranye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ibendera.com/akari-ku-mutima-wa-bamwe-mu-banyamakuru-bamazina-abyibushye-mu-rwanda-basoje-amasomo-yabo-muri-ick/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301042341/https://ibendera.com/akari-ku-mutima-wa-bamwe-mu-banyamakuru-bamazina-abyibushye-mu-rwanda-basoje-amasomo-yabo-muri-ick/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] gfilwk6tzf9v0v4fatv5lvoeiimbiua Paluku Rene Pedro 0 14480 137297 119149 2026-09-15T14:21:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137297 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paluku Rene Pedro''' ni umunyamakuru wa siporo wa bigize umwuga mu mikino. PAluku Rene Pedro yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye nka RadioTV1 yaje nogukora kuri Cuty radio. Paluku Rene Pedro akaba yarabonye ibihembo bitandukanye, aho yahembwe nku munyamakuru wafashije mu kurwanya ruswa. Paluku Rene Pedro ni umufana wa Arsenal yo mu gihugu cy' [[ubwongereza]] ku mugabane w'iburayi. Paluku Rene Pedro akora muri StarTimes aho ashizwe itangazamakuru, yagiye aherekeza ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira wa maguru yu Rwanda [[Amavubi|Amavubu]], ndetse na n'amakipe ya ma club, aho yabaga yasohotse hanze yigihugu, yagiye gukina.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusingi.org/archives/16797 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301041422/https://www.umusingi.org/archives/16797 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/93859/urwego-rwumuvunyi-rwahembye-abanyamakuru-bakoze-inkuru-nziza-zirwanya-ruswa-kurusha-izaban-93859.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwamamaza/article/filime-ururabo-rwo-mu-ishyamba-igice-cya-2-yahageze</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/hatangiye-kwerekanwa-igice-cya-kabiri-cya-filime-ya-wild-flower</ref><ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/sinema/article/seburikoko-yahawe-igihembo-muri-filime-zerekanwa-kuri-televiziyo</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/160660/News/media-awards-tntas-donah-mbabazi-crowned-journalist-of-the-year/amp</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] szq4n365gt7n2rlol79cwxu8hd84cou Nsengumukiza Prudence 0 14483 137740 104995 2026-09-15T17:03:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137740 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nsengumukiza Prudence''' ni umunyamakuru watangiye umwuga w’itangazamakuru mu 2011 kuri Radio Salus icyahoze ari [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y’U Rwanda]], aho yakoraga ikiganiro cya [[Umukino|siporo]] no mu ishami ry’amakuru.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktradio.rw/2018/08/24/prudence-nsengumukiza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301043606/https://www.ktradio.rw/2018/08/24/prudence-nsengumukiza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/africa/2022-06-19-why-a-sports-reporter-fled-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/author/prudence-nsengumukiza/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/mot/nsengumukiza-prudence</ref> === Muri Siporo === Nsengumukiza yize mu ishami ry’Amategeko (School of Law) aho afite ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza. Arangije kwiga yakoze nku mukoranabushake mu itangazamakuru, aho yakomeje gukora mu itangazamakuru kuri Radio Salus ahava mu 2016 aza gukorera KT Radio, radio ya Kigali today aho ari kugeza ubu. Prudence akaba ari umufana wa Arsenal yo mu gihugu cyu [[bwongereza]] ku mugabane w'[[Burayi|iburayi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://my250tv.net/rw/2022/05/07/18/08/07/99/prudence-nsengumukiza-urugero-rwiza-rwimbwa-yima-uwayihaye/politiki/bigabo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301043607/https://my250tv.net/rw/2022/05/07/18/08/07/99/prudence-nsengumukiza-urugero-rwiza-rwimbwa-yima-uwayihaye/politiki/bigabo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jambonews.net/rw/actualites/20220503-turabasaba-inkunga-yubuvugizi-ikiganiro-numunyamakuru-prudence-nsengumukiza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2022-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006013506/https://www.jambonews.net/rw/actualites/20220503-turabasaba-inkunga-yubuvugizi-ikiganiro-numunyamakuru-prudence-nsengumukiza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/afrique/region-61857159</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Umunyamakuru-Nsengumukiza-asobanura-ko-yahunze-igihugu-kubera-iperereza</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] bsarx9934hh4483vxtjiq66w97eyaaw MURAMIRA Regis 0 14495 137608 134427 2026-09-15T16:44:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muramira Regis''' ni Umunyamakuru w’imikino na siporo akaba akora kuri radiyo yitwa city radio, mu kiganiro cya siporo cyitwa City sports. Muramira Regis yakoreye Radiyo zitandukanye mu Rwanda harimo nka Radiyo City Radio yakozeho imyaka igera ku 10, Fine fm,Umucyo Radio, BTN TV, Radio Authentic,  Radio 1 na Isibo TV mu kiganiro cyitwa Bench ya siporo.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/umunyamakuru-w-imikino-muramira-regis-yerekeje-mu-rukiko-rw-ubujurire</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-regis-muramira-nyuma-yo-gutuka-anta-abantu-bamwakijeho-umuriro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301063220/https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-regis-muramira-nyuma-yo-gutuka-anta-abantu-bamwakijeho-umuriro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/umunyamakuru-w-imikino-muramira-regis-yatawe-muri-yombi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rwandamag.com/umunyamakuru-muramira-regis-yateranye-amagambo-numuvugizi-wa-rayon-sports-amwita-umusinzi-numubeshyi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2022-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818202213/https://www.rwandamag.com/umunyamakuru-muramira-regis-yateranye-amagambo-numuvugizi-wa-rayon-sports-amwita-umusinzi-numubeshyi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.thechoicelive.com/muramira-regis-ayoboye-itsinda-rizajya-rikora-ikiganiro-cyimikino-ku-isibo-tv</nowiki></ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/regis-muramira-yandikiye-president-wa-republika-paul-kagame.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301063221/https://ar.umuseke.rw/regis-muramira-yandikiye-president-wa-republika-paul-kagame.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/121610/isibo-tv-yazanye-muramira-regis-aime-na-isimbi-mu-kiganiro-cyimikino-121610.html</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/umunyamakuru-muramira-regis-amaze-iminsi-mu-maboko-ya-polisi/</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umunyamakuru-muramira-regis-yatawe-muri-yombi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umuringa.net/umunyamakuru-wa-radio10-antha-biganiro-ntavuga-rumwe-na-regis-muramira-wa-fine-fm-wamwise-umunyabihuha/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301064722/https://www.umuringa.net/umunyamakuru-wa-radio10-antha-biganiro-ntavuga-rumwe-na-regis-muramira-wa-fine-fm-wamwise-umunyabihuha/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] 0t8qlbm4qh67p5cp3by2n87d3lykiwc Nyirimana Fidele 0 14497 137375 133447 2026-09-15T14:39:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyirimana Fidèle''' ni umutoza wabigize umwuga muri Volley Ball, aho yatoje amakipe atandukanye mu Rwanda, akaba yaratoje ukipe y’igihugu ya Volley Ball mu bihe bitandukanye.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/umutoza-nyirimana-fidele-yasinyiye-gisagara-vc-nyuma-y-imyaka-itanu-ayivuyemo</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89810/nyirimana-fidele-yanze-imirimo-yo-gutoza-mu-ikipe-yigihugu-ya-volleyball-89810.html</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/nyirimana-fidele-yanze-kungiriza-mutabazi-elie-mu-kipe-yigihugu-ya-volleyball/</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/nyirimana-fidele-utoza-gisagara-vc-yahagaritswe-by-agateganyo</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thedrum.rw/2022/02/26/gisagara-volleyball-club-yabonye-umutoza-mushya/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301070326/https://thedrum.rw/2022/02/26/gisagara-volleyball-club-yabonye-umutoza-mushya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Meya-Rutaburingoga-yemeza-ko-Gisagara-VC-itanga-icyizere-cy-iterambere-ry</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/08/brazilian-paulo-de-tarso-returns-as-rwanda-national-volleyball-head-coach/</ref> === Mu butoza === Nyirimana Fidèle yatoje UVC yahoze ari UTB mu mwaka wa 2017 kugeza 2018,  nyuma asubira mu ikipe ya Gisagara VC nk’umutoza mukuru, aho yari yarayihesheje igikombe cya Shampiyona. Nyirimana yatoje amakipe akomeye nka Rayon Sports VC, Kirehe VC. Nyirimana yegukanye ibihembo nimidali itandukanye, anitabira amarushanwa atandukanye ari umutoza mu Rwanda ni muri Africa.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166718/Sports/volleyball-nyirimana-turns-down-assistant-coach-job-offer</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/mukunzi-nko-muri-dame-wamwita-ipiyo-irya-hose-umutoza-fidele</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/volleyball-abakinnyi-14-bazakina-zone-v-bamaze-kumenyekana</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202211100127.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/volleball-gisagara-volleyball-club-yamaze-kubona-umutoza-mushya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301070322/https://www.thechoicelive.com/volleball-gisagara-volleyball-club-yamaze-kubona-umutoza-mushya |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/amarushanwa-ya-volleyball-yo-ku-musenyi-azaba-muri-nzeli/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/gisagara-vc-irakira-utb-vc-mu-mukino-wa-kabiri-wa-playoffs-2019/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301070323/https://menyanibi.rw/gisagara-vc-irakira-utb-vc-mu-mukino-wa-kabiri-wa-playoffs-2019/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/volleyball-utb-vc-yasinyishije-abakinnyi-batatu-bashya</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] 39n1joimu4kaxlqbbnu22a63nfftfqn Dukuzimana Jean De Dieu 0 14502 137723 136660 2026-09-15T17:01:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dukuzimana Jean De Dieu''' uzwi kumazina ya '''Jado Dukuze''' ni umunyarwanda akaba umunyamakuru wumwuga w’imikino na [[siporo]] ukorera radiyo Fine FM. Jado Dukuze yize amasomo y’itangazamakuru muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]]. Jado dukuze ni umunyamabanga mukuru wa AJSPOR.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80608/jean-butoyi-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ishyirahamwe-ry-abany-80608.html</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/auteur/jean-de-dieu-dukuze</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/66797/urugo-rushya-rwa-jado-dukuze-n-umugore-we-fidela-rwatewe-na-66797.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/60773/ni-iki-gitumye-umunyamakuru-w-60773.html</ref> === Muri siporo === Jado Dukuze wakoreye ibigo by'itangazamakuru bitandukanye nka radiyo Salus yatangiriyeho, akomeza ajya gukorera radiyo Flash FM Rwanda aho yandikaga no kuri RuhagoYavu Web. Jado yaje kuba umunyakuru w’ikinyamakuru IGIHE. Jado yakomeze akorera kandi radiyi yitwa RadioTv10, yaje no gukorera radioyo Isango Star, na FunClub yandika, Royal FM na Radio na TV1. Jado dukuze akaba akora ibyegeranyo bitandukanye n’inkuru zicukumbuye akaba ari umufana wa Manchester United yo m’ Ubwongereza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230301072409/https://imirasiretv.com/radiyo-fine-fm-yasinyishije-umunyamakuru-wimikino-mushya-ufatwa-nkuwa-mbere-mu-rwanda/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wimikino-ukunzwe-mu-rwanda-yasinyiye-indi-radiyo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301072358/https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wimikino-ukunzwe-mu-rwanda-yasinyiye-indi-radiyo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://fr.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=759</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Umunyamakuru-yambuwe-ijambo-ubwo-yavugaga-ku-bibazo-by-urugendo-rw-Amavubi-muri</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/mu-mafoto-umukino-abanyamakuru-ba-siporo-banyagiyemo-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] ogzc9fv5ozbhafnrv1gw2rgu947qlyz Gasingwa Michel 0 14508 137455 120191 2026-09-15T15:15:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137455 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ghelamco Arena panorama indoor..jpg|thumb]] '''Gasingwa Michel''' ni umunyarwanda  wahoze ari umusifuzi mpuzamahanga mu [[Rwanda]]  kuva mu 1997 kugeza muri 2009 imyaka 13. Gasingwa Michel mbere yakinnye umupira w’amaguru muri [[Mukura Victory Sports|Mukura VS]], Kiyovu Sports ndetse n’Amatare. Michel yaje kuyobora FERWAFA [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] ari umunyamabanga waryo muri 2011, aza no kuyobora ishyirahamwe ryabasifuzi ndetse anaba umuyobozi w’akomisiyo y’imisifurire aho yamaze imyaka 2 ariyobora. Gasingwa akaba akora akazi ko guhugura abasifuzi. Michel kandi akaba n’umwe mubagize umuryango w’ishyirahamwe ry’abasifuzi mu Rwanda ARAF.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/gasingwa-michel-yamenyesheje-ferwafa-ko-asezeye-muri-komisiyo-y-imisifurire</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/gasingwa-michel-wayoboraga-komisiyo-y-imisifurire-muri-ferwafa-yeguye</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/gasingwa-michel-wari-ukuriye-komisiyo-y-abasifuzi-yeguye-ku-mirimo-ye</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/umuyobozi-wabasifuzi-yasabye-rib-kuza-gukora-iperereza-kuri-ruswa-ivugwa-mu-mupira-wamaguru-mu-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/119309/hari-numukino-namuhaye-ntinya-kuwureba-gasingwa-michel-avuga-kuri-mukansanga-salima-yazamu-119309.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nyuma-yo-kurega-bagenzi-be-muri-rib-gasingwa-michel-yeguye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301080346/https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nyuma-yo-kurega-bagenzi-be-muri-rib-gasingwa-michel-yeguye |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/63139/Sports/gasigwa-named-new-ferwafa-ceo</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/gasingwa-michel-niwe-wasimbuye-julles-kalisa.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301080348/https://ar.umuseke.rw/gasingwa-michel-niwe-wasimbuye-julles-kalisa.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230301080347/https://yegob.rw/kubeshya-kutagirira-ikizere-mubyo-gasingwa-michel-yashinjwaga-mbere-yo-kwegura/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/gasingwa-michel-yagizwe-umunyamabanga-mukuru-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thedrum.rw/2022/06/27/aba-nibo-bamaze-kuyobora-ferwafa-kuva-yabaho-kugeza-2012/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301080350/https://thedrum.rw/2022/06/27/aba-nibo-bamaze-kuyobora-ferwafa-kuva-yabaho-kugeza-2012/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://ingenzinyayo.com/2020/03/14/bamwe-mu-basifuzi-bakomeje-kwinubira-igitugu-cya-gasingwa-michel-ukekwaho-kubakamo-akazu/</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Kigali-Yatabaje-Minisports-na-FERWAFA-ngo-bafashe-Amavubi-kurenganurwa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Gasingwa-wayoboraga-komisiyo-y-imisifurire-muri-Ferwafa-yeguye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301080346/https://genesisbizz.com/Gasingwa-wayoboraga-komisiyo-y-imisifurire-muri-Ferwafa-yeguye |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] o12qtq04ne6yagwzb4ef6cwbvm1w2zx Nyinawabari Spéciose 0 14509 137470 128020 2026-09-15T15:18:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137470 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mini football game.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]]'''Nyinawabari Spéciose''' ni umutegarugori w’umunyarwanda akaba umusifuzi w’abigize umwuga yatangiye gusifura ku rwegompuza mahanga muri 2009, akaba yarize uburezi na [[siporo]] mu ishuri rikuri rya kaminuza rya K.I.E. Nyirarukundo ashimishwa nogukora siporo, umupira w’amaguru, akaba ari umwe mubagize Ishyirahamwe rya basifuzi mu Rwanda (ARAF). Speciose ari abasifuzi mpuzamahanga bungirije bemewe n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru ku Isi (FIFA) abasifuzi bo kuruhande b’ '''[[Umugore|Abagore]]''' muri 2022, yari kuri uru rutonde nubundi muri 2020, aza nokurugaragaraho muri 2019, yari kandi mu basifuzi bemewe 2015.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/ishimwe-claude-yiyongereye-ku-basifuzi-mpuzamahanga-fifa-yemereye-u-rwanda</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94238/umutoni-aline-wahagaritswe-ukwezi-ari-ku-rutonde-rwabasifuzi-mpuzamahanga-bemewe-na-fifa-94238.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?abanyarwanda-3-basohotse-ku-rutonde-rw-abasifuzi-mpuzamahanga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301080917/https://bwiza.com/?abanyarwanda-3-basohotse-ku-rutonde-rw-abasifuzi-mpuzamahanga |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/abasifuzi-18-babanyarwanda-bemerewe-na-fifa-kuzasifura-muri-2019/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/caf-champions-league-abasifuzi-4-babanyarwanda-mu-bazasifura-iyi-mikino/</ref> === Amarushanwa === [[Dosiye:Caf llogo.svg|thumb|Ikirango cya CAF]] Nyinawabari Spéciose  ni umusifuzi wahawe amahugurwa anakora Test Physique. Nyinawabari Spéciose  yayoboye umukino wamakipe y’igihugu,  ikipe y’igihugu ya Ethiopia bafite munsi y’imyaka 17 n’abari munsi y’imyaka 17 b’Uganda, mu gushaka itike yo kuzakina igikombe cy’isi cy’abari munsi yiyo myaka mu bagore. Akaba kandi yarayoboye  imikino ya marushanwa ya CAF.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/07/abasifuzi-barenga-20-batangiye-amahugurwa-yabanjirijwe-na-test-physique/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301080917/https://umuseke.rw/2022/07/abasifuzi-barenga-20-batangiye-amahugurwa-yabanjirijwe-na-test-physique/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/abasifuzi-17-b-abanyarwanda-nibo-bazasifura-imikino-ya-fifa-umwaka-wa-2020</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/gasingwa-michel-wari-ukuriye-komisiyo-y-abasifuzi-yeguye-ku-mirimo-ye#!?pr=125916&lang=en</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/ndagijimana-theogene-na-ambroise-basimbujwe-mu-basifuzi-mpuzamahanga</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/lifestyle/meet-sp%C3%A9ciose-nyinawabari-top-woman-referee-who-has-earned-respect-in-male-dominated-field--1311634</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/gasingwa-michel-wari-ukuriye-komisiyo-y-abasifuzi-yeguye-ku-mirimo-ye</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/starlets-to-face-south-sudan-on-wednesday/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301080920/https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/starlets-to-face-south-sudan-on-wednesday/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umusifuzi muri Siporo]] 7zgukannryq1h1im1m8nzlg8esuuy0c Umuringa Alice 0 14513 137515 128049 2026-09-15T15:52:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137515 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umuringa Alice'''  umutegarugori w'umuyobozi, yabaye umukinnyi wa Volley Ball mu [[Rwanda]]. Umuringa Alice  ni we watorewe kuba umuyobozi nka visi perezida wa mbere atowe n’abantu 54 muri 57  muri FRVB avuye mu ishyirahamwe rya Volleyball mu Rwanda , FRVB. Umuringa Alice yakiniye ikipe ya KVC ndetse n’ikipe y’igihugu y’abagore Volleyball. <ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nyuma-y-imyaka-12-ari-perezida-wa-federasiyo-ya-karate-uwayo-theogene-yatorewe-kuba-perezida-wa-komite-olempike</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/article/uwayo-theogene-yatorewe-kuba-perezida-mushya-wa-komite-olempike</ref><ref>https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1107546/uwayo-rwanda-noc-president-election</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/perezida-wishyirahamwe-nyarwanda-ryumukino-wa-karate-uwayo-theogene-niwe-mukandida-rukumbi-wemejwe-ku-mwanya-wo-kuyobora-komite-olempike-yu-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202105100104.html</ref><ref>https://fr.igihe.com/agence-umuringa-un-nouveau-ne-officiellement-dans.html</ref><ref>https://fr.igihe.com/agence-umuringa-un-nouveau-ne-officiellement-dans.html</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/karate/article/uwayo-theogene-yabaye-umunyarwanda-wa-mbere-uhawe-dan-ya-gatandatu-muri-karate</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/uwayo-theogene-wayoboraga-komite-olimpike-y-u-rwanda-yeguye</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/2354/sports/uwayo-resigns-from-rnosc-presidency</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/article/uwayo-theogene-yatorewe-kuba-perezida-mushya-wa-komite-olempike</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/uwayo-theogene-wari-perezida-wa-komite-olempike-y-u-rwanda-yeguye</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230301050454/https://ibicu.com/uwayo-theogene-wayoboraga-komite-olempike-yeguye/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/11/uwayo-wayoboraga-komite-olempike-yu-rwanda-yeguye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301051957/https://umuseke.rw/2022/11/uwayo-wayoboraga-komite-olempike-yu-rwanda-yeguye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nyuma-y-uko-abakozi-babiri-ba-komite-olempike-bafunzwe-perezida-wa-yo-yeguye</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 2wo1x0b6bklpyn3cxu6hhwrgvqyxsmm Hitimana Claude 0 14516 137550 91908 2026-09-15T16:04:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hitimana Jean Claude''' uzwi ku mazina ya '''HIT Claude''', ni umusore w’umunyarwanda, umunyamakuru wabigize umwuga, wakoreye ibigo by'itangazamakuru bitandukanye, Hitimana Jean Claude uzwi nka HIT Caude avuga amakuru akanayobora ibiganiro by’imikino na siporo akanogeza imipira kandi akaba umusesenguzi ku mikino itandukanye. <ref name=":0">https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wimikino-ukunzwe-kuri-radio-10-yazamuwe-mu-ntera-agirwa-umuyobozi-mukuru/</ref><ref name=":1">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref name=":2">https://igihe.com/imikino/article/abanyamakuru-b-imikino-kuri-radio-10-bakoze-ikiganiro-bambaye-bidasanzwe</ref><ref name=":3">https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref name=":4">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/70545/mu-mukino-wo-kwibuka-shyaka-abanyamakuru-bandika-siporo-bagu-70545.html</ref> === Muri Siporo === Hitimana Jean Claude uzwi nka HIT Caude ni umuyobozi wa radiyo yitwa RadioTV10. Hitimana Jean Claude uzwi nka HIT Caude yakoreye amaradiyo atandukanye mu Rwanda, aha twavuga igitangazamakuru nka radio Flash FM Rwanda, yaje nigukorera radio yitwa Royal FM yakoreye imyaka irenga 2. Hitimana akora ikiganiro cy’imikino kuri RadioTv 10 cyitwa urucyiko rw’ubujurire. Hitimana yakoze kuzindi radiyo zitandunye nka Radio Salus, Radiyo Contact Fm. HIT Claude yagiye aherekeza ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira wa maguru yu Rwanda [[Amavubi|Amavubu]], ndetse na n'amakipe ya ma club, aho yabaga yasohotse hanze yigihugu, yagiye gukina.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/mucyo-antha-yakiriye-neza-umunyamakuru-mushya-anahishura-ikintu-kiza-yamukoreye/</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 4o1ftkjx5vw3qty8jzcj122t956k7e7 Ndoli Jean Claude 0 14520 137485 128087 2026-09-15T15:48:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137485 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndoli Jean Claude''' yavutse 7 nzeri 1986 ni umunyarwanda akaba Umunyezamu mu mupira w’amaguru [[Rwanda]], yakiniye amakipe atandukanye nka ikipe ya [[APR FC]], yagezemo muri 2006 kugeza muri 2016, yerekeza muri [[AS Kigali|A.S Kigali]] umwaka umwe, yagiye muri [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|Kiyovu Sports]] muri 2017, 2019 yerekeza muri [[Musanze Fc|Musanze FC]]. Ndoli Jean Claude yabaye umukinnyi  wa [[Gorilla Fc|Gorilla FC]] wanakiniye ikipe y'Igihugu y'u [[Rwanda]] y'umupira w'amaguru, [[Amavubi]], Ndoli Jean Claude ubu  akaba ari umutoza w’abazamu.<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/ndoli-jean-claude-yatangaje-ubugome-yakorewe-na-bakame-bapfa-ko-yamutwaye</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/ndoli-jean-claude-yatangaje-igihe-azasezerera-umupira-w-amaguru</ref><ref name=":2">https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/ibitazava-mu-mutwe-wa-ndoli-jean-claude-wamaze-kwemeza-igihe-azasezerera-kuri?fbclid=IwAR3Ku-PN6FcNz_QVUvhgxrB0epoyhs15KBQvhjV9ibG8NdkcGLp-oPBLaNw</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/umunyezamu-ndoli-jean-claude-mu-gahinda-gakomeye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301103400/https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/umunyezamu-ndoli-jean-claude-mu-gahinda-gakomeye |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/06/ndoli-jean-claude-yatangiye-umwuga-wo-gutoza-abanyezamu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301104859/https://umuseke.rw/2022/06/ndoli-jean-claude-yatangiye-umwuga-wo-gutoza-abanyezamu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ndoli Jean Claude yatwaye ibikombe bitandukanye mu [[Umupira w’amaguru|mupira w'amaguru]] mu [[Rwanda]] : * Shampiyona y'umupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda mu myaka itandukanye nko mu myaka wa 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 et 2014 aha yarari muri [[APR FC]] <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> * Yatwaye kandu yegukana igikombe cy'amahoro yu Rwanda muri 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011 et 2012 ari kumwe na [[APR FC]]<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> * Yatwaye igikombe cya CECAFA KAGAME Coup ya ma ekipe muri 2007 et 2010 nabyo ari kumwe [[APR FC]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago]] 3pkkrqj4nkyp1fz3urq97rbv1uki9t5 Gasana Richard 0 14523 137724 134110 2026-09-15T17:01:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137724 wikitext text/x-wiki Gasana Richard ni umuyobozi wa [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|karere ka Gatsibo]], akaba ari umusiporitifu umunyamupira kuko ni komiseri ushinzwe Amarushanwa muri [[FERWAFA]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]]. Gasana Richard Ni umugabo usanzwe akora ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, mu bihugu birimo Repubulika ya Centrafrique. Kandi Gasana ni umuyobozi w’ Akarere ka Gatsibo. akaba azwiho kuba ari umukunzi w' ikipe ya [[APR FC]] kuva nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|genoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu rwanda muwa 1994]]. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nizeyimana-olivier-urusha-abandi-amahirwe-yatanze-kandidatire-yo-kuyobora</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/as-kigali-wfc-yashyikirijwe-igikombe-cya-shampiyona</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-yatorewe-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-ni-we-utorewe-kuba-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lookcharms.com/olivier-nizeyimana-mugabo-president-of-the-rwandan-football-federation-our-team-is-missing-the-opportunity-to-compete-against-one-of-the-giants-of-africa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301031221/https://lookcharms.com/olivier-nizeyimana-mugabo-president-of-the-rwandan-football-federation-our-team-is-missing-the-opportunity-to-compete-against-one-of-the-giants-of-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/amafoto-yo-mu-bihe-bitandukanye-ya-mugabo-nizeyimana-olivier-watorewe-kuyobora-ferwafa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301031222/https://yegob.rw/amafoto-yo-mu-bihe-bitandukanye-ya-mugabo-nizeyimana-olivier-watorewe-kuyobora-ferwafa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-17145103</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nizeyimana-olivier-umunyemari-wihebeye-ruhago-yaba-ari-we-mucunguzi-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Olivier-Nizeyimana-yatorewe-kuyobora-FERWAFA-uko-amatora-yagenze</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nizeyimana-olivier-na-we-yatanze-kandidatire-ye-muri-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/olivier-mugabo-nizeyimana-is-the-new-ferwafa-president/</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/nizeyimana-olivier-uherutse-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ferwafa-mu-myaka-ine-iri-imbere-yakoze-ihererekanyabubasha-na-komite-nyobozi-icyuye-igihe</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2021/06/19/mugabo-nizeyimana-olivier-yavuze-imigabo-nimigambi-afitiye-ferwafa-ahatanira-kuyobora/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301031222/https://igisabo.rw/2021/06/19/mugabo-nizeyimana-olivier-yavuze-imigabo-nimigambi-afitiye-ferwafa-ahatanira-kuyobora/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://ingenzinyayo.com/2022/06/18/ikindi-kimenyetso-cyuko-nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-ferwafa-imunaniye-cyabonetse-ku-makipe-interforce-fc-na-as-muhanga-zibuzwa-gukina/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 8ti55hbc3jtitsnre7l5gywmais37fh Bernard Amon Nuwamanya 0 14527 137781 104428 2026-09-15T18:09:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[NUWAMANYA Bernard Amon]] to [[Bernard Amon Nuwamanya]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 104428 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NUWAMANYA Amon Bernard ''' yavutse mwaka w’1994 yavukiye muri [[Uganda]] akurira mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|karere ka Nyagatare]] , [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|mu Ntara y’Uburasirazuba]] ni umunyamakuru w'imikino na [[siporo]] wa bigize umwuga. NUWAMANYA Amon yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye haba ibyandika ndetse na radiyo, twavuga ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cyitwa Authentic Radio, nyuma akorera ikigo cy'itangazamakuru Radio Nkoramutima ndetse na KT Radio,  yakomeje akazi k’itangazamakuru mu bitangazamaku byandika Kigali Today nka KT Press, Kigali Today na Muck Rack, aha hose yavugaga aka andika inkuru za siporo. NUWAMANYA Amon abarizwa mu ishyirahamwe rya banyamakuru ba siporo AJSPOR. NUWAMANYA Amon ni umufana w’ikipe ya  Manchester United yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]] ku mugabane wi [[burayi]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/author/amonn/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/mot/amon-b-nuwamanya</ref><ref>https://muckrack.com/amon-nuwamanya#</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktradio.rw/members/amon-bernard-nuwamanya/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301122738/https://www.ktradio.rw/members/amon-bernard-nuwamanya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] olkn4x7qibmsfszs3svsokc5neasawl Furaha Jacques 0 14539 137411 91942 2026-09-15T14:53:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137411 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Furaha Jacques''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba umunyamakurukazi wa bigize umwuga ukora inkuru zi mikino na siporo . Umutoni Claire yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye haba ibyandika ndetse na radiyo, yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye nka KT Radio, ndetse na KT TV Rwanda yakomeje akazi ki tangazamakuru rya siporo kuri TK Press na Kigali ToDay aha hose yavugaga imikino n’inkuru za siporo. Furaha Jacques abarizwa mu ishyirahamwe rya banyamakuru ba siporo AJSPOR. Mugabo  ni umufana wa Arsenal yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]] ku mugabane w'[[iburayi]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>https://www.ktradio.rw/tag/jacques-furaha/</ref><ref>https://muckrack.com/jacques-furaha/articles</ref><ref>https://muckrack.com/jacques-furaha</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/mot/jacques-furaha</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/author/jacques-furaha/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 19q0jurwub4m6b2b9nm8cr5pocj4295 Niyonkuru Zephanie 0 14542 137298 128015 2026-09-15T14:21:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137298 wikitext text/x-wiki Niyonkuru Zephanie Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri Minisiteri ya [[siporo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Niyonkuru Zephanie Yabaye umusifizi  umusifuzi mpuzamahanga w'umupira w'amaguru aho yasifuraga ku ruhande (umusifuzi w’igitambaro) mu mupira w’amaguru. Niyonkuru afite Impamyabumenyi y’Icyiciro cya Gatatu cya Kaminuza mu bijyanye n’Ubukungu yakuye muri Kaminuza y’i Londres (SOAS University of London). Yize ibijyanye n’iterambere kandi mu Ishuri ryo muri Suède ryigisha ibijyanye n’imiyoborere no muri Kaminuza ya Jiangxi mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], Niyonkuru Zephanie yakoze nku muyobozi Mukuru wungirije w’Urwego rushinzwe Iterambere, RDB, yabanje ukoramo nkumuyobozi mu rwego rw’abikorera mu mishinga y’iterambere itandukanye.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/zephanie-niyonkuru-wari-umuyobozi-wungirije-wa-rdb-yirukanywe</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/niyonkuru-zephanie-yagizwe-umunyamabanga-uhoraho-muri-minisports/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301155210/https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/niyonkuru-zephanie-yagizwe-umunyamabanga-uhoraho-muri-minisports/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/01/zephanie-niyonkuru-returns-into-sports/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/zephanie-niyonkuru-wabaye-umusifuzi-wari-umuyobozi-wungirije-wa-rdb-yirukanywe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301153708/http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/zephanie-niyonkuru-wabaye-umusifuzi-wari-umuyobozi-wungirije-wa-rdb-yirukanywe |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/1573/news/rwanda/zephanie-niyonkuru-dropped-as-deputy-boss-of-rdb</ref><ref>https://theafricadebate.com/zephanie-niyonkuru</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1-uHxpgZ_M</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/10/rdbs-deputy-ceo-suspended-over-repeated-managerial-failures/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 7yrsw11eumbhj3naiw7rb7b3zs3mrtp Umwanana 0 14550 137741 133779 2026-09-15T17:03:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137741 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Plantain_Flower.jpg|thumb|Igitoki cyigararagaza umwanana |249x249px]] [[Dosiye:Plantain flower.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Banana inflorescence, partially opened.jpg|thumb|Umwanana]] [[Dosiye:Plantain flower 155.jpg|thumb|Plantain flower ]] [[Dosiye:Plantain flower.jpg|thumb|Plantain flower]] [[Dosiye:Plantain flowers.jpg|thumb|Plantain flowers]] [[Dosiye:അപൂർവ്വ വാഴ 3.jpg|thumb|Umwanana]] [[Dosiye:Plantain flower (5363130511).jpg|thumb|Umwanana]] Igice cyo ku mutwe w'igitoki cyitwa umwanana cyangwa umukanana ,cya kindi inzuki zikunda guhahiraho ni igice abantu benshi bakeka ko nta kamaro namba gifite ,ariko umuntu wamenye ibanga ryacyo, atangazwa n'umumaro w'indashyikirwa wacyo. == Tumenye Umwanana == Umuntu wifuza gufungura imboga zikomoka ku mwanana, awufata akawukuraho ibishishwa by’inyuma byose bitukura agasigarana agace k’imbere (gasa n’umweru). Uturabyo twari kuba twaravuyemo igitoki umuntu asanga mu mwanana uko akuraho buri gishishwa, na two ngo baradufata bakadususuraho agace ko hejuru kaba karimo utuzi tumeze nk’ubuki tugashyirwa hamwe n’izo mboga.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/umwanana-w-insina-ufite-intungamubiri-nk-iz-inyama-cyangwa-ibihumyo-ubushakashatsi</ref>Umuntu amaze gususura wa mwanana n’uturabyo twawo, ahita asuka amazi mu gikoresho, agashyiramo umunyu ungana nk’uwo yarunga mu mafunguro agiye kuribwa, cyangwa agashyiramo indimu, ubundi agakekeramo umwanana yatunganyije. Ushobora kubishyira muri ayo mazi arimo umunyu nka mu gitondo bikamaramo amasaha arenze abiri, ariko icyiza ni uko wabishyiramo nimugoroba bikararamo ukazabiteka bukeye bwaho, ibi bigamije gukamuramo amakakama.<ref name=":0" />Kaminuza Gatolika ya Kabgayi (ICK) yatangaje ubushakashatsi yakoze kuva mu mwaka wa 2020, buvuga ko umwanana w’igitoki ari ikiribwa kiryoshye kandi gifite intungamubiri nk’iz’inyama cyangwa ibihumyo. Umushakashatsi wa ICK agaragaza ko abantu badafite amafaranga yo kugura inyama, bashobora kwifashisha umwanana ukababera ikiribwa gikungahaye cyane mu byubaka umubiri (protein). == Umwanana mu kuvura uburwayi butandukanye == [[Dosiye:Plantain flower (5363130511).jpg|thumb|Umwanana]] Umwanana ukaba ushobora kuvura uburwayi butandukanye ndetse no kurinda umubiri bimwe mu bibazo n'uburwayi buwibasira.Byagaragaye ko umwanana ushobora kuvura bumwe mu burwayi nka Diyabete aho ufasha mu kuringaniza ikigero cy'isukari mu mubiri ,ibyo bikaba bishobora kurinda ingaruka ziterwa na Diyabete harimo ubuhumyi ,Ibinya mu maguru n'amaboko n'ibindi byinshi.Umwanana ukungahaye ku mavitamini ya C,A,E ndetse n'imyunyungugu nka potasiyumu.Gufasha mu igogorwa ry'ibiryo Umwanana ukungahaye ku bizwi nka fibers bifasha mu koroshya igogorwa bityo ukaba ari umuti mwiza wo kuvura ikibazo cya Constipation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2021/06/akamaro-gatangaje-k-ndetse-ushobora-no.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301211509/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2021/06/akamaro-gatangaje-k-ndetse-ushobora-no.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Kurinda no gukomeza nyababyeyi''','''Abagore benshi bakunda kugira ibibazo bitandukanye mu myanya myibarukiro ,ahanini mu bice bya nyababyeyi ,umwanana ukaba uzwiho kurinda no gukomeza nyababyeyi ku buryo umuntu ukunda kurya bimwe mu bice biwugize bivanze n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibimera,Uyu muntu uwukoresha ntagira ibibazo bitandukanye byo muri nyababyeyi ,ugereranyije n'abatawukoresha,umwanana ukaba ukoreshwa watetswe mu mazi ,hanyuma umuntu akanywa amazi yawuvuyemo.<ref name=":0" />Umwanana ushobora kugabanya ububabare mu gihe cy'imihango,Ububabare bwo mu gihe cy'imihango bushobora kugabanywa no gukoresha amazi yaturutse ku mwanana ,ibyo bikaba biterwa nuko ubasha kuringaniza umusemburo progesterone ufasha mu kugabanya ububabare mu gihe cy'imihango.Ushobora kongera amashereka ku babyeyi bonsa,Kurya umwanana ku mugore wonsa byongera amashereka nkuko byatangajwe n'ikinyamakuru cya Healthline ,kurya umwanana ku mubyeyi wonsa bishobora gutuma abona amashereka ahagije ku mwana .<ref name=":1" />Kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije (hypertension),Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije ni uburwayi bongera bwiyongera mu bantu bitewe n'imibereho igenda ihinduka ,hari uburyo wakwivura ubu burwayi bwa hypertension bushobora kuvurwa na bimwe mu bimera muri byo harimo n'umwanana. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umuti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] hr7syg3p8ygtk5lxca051isbyq6bsf0 Ibyo Kurya byongera Amaraso 0 14554 137705 119098 2026-09-15T16:58:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137705 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fruit Stall in Barcelona Market.jpg|thumb|Ibyongera amaraso|292x292px]] Hari amoko atandukanye y’ibiribwa byongera amaraso ,umubiri wa muntu ukenera amaraso kugira ngo ubeho ,iyo amaraso yabaye make ,umuntu ahura n’ibibazo bitandukanye birimo kugira ibimenyetso nko kugira isereri ,guhumeka nabi ,guhorana umunaniro ,kunanirwa guturiza hamwe nibindi bimenyetso bigaragaza uburwayi bwa Anemia. == Habaho gukenera ibyo kurya byongera amaraso byagenze gute == [[Dosiye:Viburnum opulus fruits close-up - Keila.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Solanum lycopersicum 9zz.jpg|thumb]] Bitewe n’ubuzima bw’iki gihe aho usanga benshi bahorana stress, guhangayika no kumara igihe kinini bicaye, byose bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere mibi y’umubiri. Ikibazo benshi bakunda kugira ni igabanuka rya hemoglobin. Hemoglobin ni proteyine zikungahaye ku butare (iron/fer) ziboneka mu nsoro zitukura z’amaraso.Iyo urugero rwa hemoglobin rwagabanutse, bishobora gutera guhora unaniwe, gucika intege, kuribwa umutwe ndetse no guhumeka gahoro. Iyo rugabanutse ku buryo bukomeye niho bitera indwara yo kubura amaraso izwi nka anemia.<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ibyo-kurya-7-byagufasha-kongera-amaraso</ref>Mu maraso habonekamo ibyitwa Hemoglobine ,iyi hemoglobine niyo igira uruhare runini mu gutwara umwuka mwiza wa Ogisojemi ,iyo amaraso yagabanutse ni hemoglobin iba yagabanutse kandi iyi hemoglobin dushbora kuyikura mu biribwa bibobekamo ubutare bwa fer.Ibyo biribwa bikungahaye ku butare bwa fer nibyo byongera amaraso ku muntu ubirya ,akenshi usanga abantu badakunda bene ubu bwoko bw’ibiribwa tugiye kuvuga bakunda gyhorana ibibazo by’amaraso make buretse ko hari n’ababihorana bitewe n’uburwayi bafite nk’indwara ya kanseri ,uburwayi bw’impyiko n’ubundi bwinshi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/06/ibiribwa-11-bitandukanye-byongera.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301215542/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/06/ibiribwa-11-bitandukanye-byongera.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Tabasco peppers.JPG|thumb|urusenda]] == Tumenye Ubwoko bwibyo Kurya byongera Amaraso == [[Dosiye:Assamveggie.jpg|thumb|imboga]] Ibikungahaye cyane kuri vitamin C,Vitamin C ni ingenzi cyane mu kwinjiza ubutare mu mubiri. Umubiri ntufite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kwinjiza ubwawo ubutare ariyo mpamvu bukenera ikiwufasha, niho vitamin C yitabazwa.Amacunga, indimu, inyanya, inkeri n’ izindi mbuto bimeze kimwe (berries), urusenda, poivron ni bimwe mu bikungahaye ku rugero ruhagije rwa vitamin C,Folic acid (cg se vitamin B9) ni vitamin yitabazwa mu ikorwa ry’ insoro zitukura z’amaraso mu mubiri. Iyo umubiri ufite urugero ruri hasi rwa folic acid bitera kugira urugero ruri hasi rwa hemoglobin.Amafunguro ibonekamo cyane ni ibishyimbo byumye, ubunyobwa, broccoli, imineke, inyama y’ umwijima, imboga rwatsi n’ibindi.<ref name=":0" />Beterave ni bimwe mu bifasha kongera cyane urugero rwa hemoglobin mu mubiri. Zikungahaye cyane ku butare, folic acid, potasiyumu na fibre.Beterave zoroshye kuzikoramo umutobe, wagufasha gutuma amaraso yawe ahora ku rugero rukwiye.Watermelon ni imbuto nziza cyane zifasha kongera urugero rwa hemoglobin, ahanini bitewe nuko zikize cyane ku butare na vitamin C bituma kwinjiza ubutare mu mubiri bikorwa neza kandi mu buryo bwihuse.Imboga,Imbwija, imboga rwatsi, epinari, celeri n’ izindi zifasha kongera urugero rwa hemoglobin. Zikungahaye cyane ku butare na folic acid bifasha mu ikorwa ry’insoro zitukura z’amaraso.Inzuzi z’ibihaza,zibonekamo urugero rukenerwa ku munsi rw’ ubutare (miligarama 8) ndetse na kalisiyumu, manganese na manyesiyumu bihagije.<ref name=":2">https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/nutangira-kubona-ibi-bimenyetso-uzamenye-ko-amaraso-yawe-yatangiye-kugabanuka</ref>Ibyo kurya birimo polyphenols na tannins nk’icyayi, ikawa, ibyo kurya nka soya na cocoa bibuza umubiri kwinjiza ubutare. Ni ngombwa kubifata ku rugero ruri hasi mu gihe hemoglobin yawe iri ku rugero rwo hasi.Imboga za Epinari,Imboga za epinari ziza ku mwanya wa mbere mu biribwa bikungahaye ku butare bwa fer .kuzirya bituma ubona ingano ihagije y’ubu butare bityo bigatuma utandukana n’ikibazo cy’amaraso make .muri garama 1oo z’imboga za epinari mbisi dusangamo garama 2.7 z’ubutare bwa fer.byinshi ku kamaro k’imboga za epinari soma: Akamaro 13 k’imboga za Epinari. == Ibindi mubyo Kurya byongera Amaraso == [[Dosiye:Rubus caesius fruit - Keila.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Juniperus communis fruits - Keila.jpg|thumb]] Tofu,Tofu ibonekamo ubu butare ku kigero cya 19% cy’ingano yabwo umubiri ukenera ku munsi ,kubera ko tofu ikorwa muri soya nyinshi bituma iba ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zo mu bwoko bwa poroteyine bituma iba nziza ku mubiri wa muntu.<ref name=":1" />Lantiye,Lantiye nazo zibonekamo ubutare bwa fer nkenerwa ku mubiri wa muntu ,lantiye kandi zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zitanduaknye bituma ziba ikiribwa cyiza ku munyu ukirya.Amagi,Amagi nayo akungahaye ku butare bwa fer ,umuntu ukunda kurya amagi atandukana n’uburwayi bwa anemia bwo kugira amaraso make.Inyama y’ingurube,Inyama y’ingurube .ikundwana na benshi burya nayo ibonekamo ubutare bwa fer ku kigero kiri hejuru ,si ibyo gusa ,inakungahaye ku zindi ntungamubiri zirimo na poroteyine.Imboga zo mu bwoko bwa Borokoli Imboga za borokoli (broccoli ) nazo zikungahaye ku butare bwa fer zikaba ari na nziza cyane kuzigaburira abana bato kubera intungamubiri tuzisangamo ,nkubu imboga za borokoli zibonekamo Vitamini C ku kigero cya 112 % by’umubiri ukenera ku munsi.ukeneye gusobanukirwa n’akamaro k’imboga za brokoli : Akamaro gatangaje k’imboga za Broccoli(borokoli),<ref name=":2" />Inyama y’umwijima,Inyama y’umwijima burya nayo ikungahaye ku butare bwa fer ,ninayo mpamvu burya abantu bakunze kuyirya kubera ko bavumbuye iryo banga ryo kongera amaraso.Ibishyimbo,Cyane cyane ibishyimbo by’irabura. burya bikungahaye ku butare bwa fer no ku zindi ntungamubiri nkenerwa ku buzima bwawe.Imbuto z’ibihaza,Imbuto z’ibihaza nazo ni ingenzi cyane mu mirire ya muntu .izi mbuto zikungahaye ku butare bwa fer no ku zindi ntungamubiri zitandukanye.Byinshi ku mbuto z’ibihaza soma: Akamaro k’inzuzi z’ibihaza.<ref name=":0" />Shokola y’irabura,Shokola y’irabura ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri zitandukanye harimo n’ubutare bwa fer ,mkubu garama 28 zayo ziboneka fer ingana na garama 3.3 byinshi kuri shokola soma Akamaro 8 ka shokora ku mubiri wa muntu.na Beterave,Beterave nayp ikungahaye ku butare bwa fer ,beterave ishobora gushyirwa mu birtyo cyangwa igakorwamo agatobe ushobora kunywa ,ukanafasoza ku biryo ukaronka intungamubiri ziyibonekamo.Muri rusange ,umuntu wese akenera kurya ibiryo bikungahaye ku butare bwa fer ,ni byiza ko mu mafunguro yawe habonekamo ikiribwa kirimo ubu butare ,iki kibazo cyo kugira amaraso make gikunze kwibasira benshi kandi byagakwiye kwirindwa bita ku mirire yabo. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] qeazu1ys4cjwywkiihzmlrmusrev9q1 Forefront VC 0 14563 137516 99337 2026-09-15T15:52:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137516 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Team volleyball at work.jpg|thumb|Volleyball]] '''Forefront VC''' ni  ikipe ishingiye kugi Police cy'igihugu mu Rwanda, Forefront Vc ikina imikino ya maboko ya volleyball muri shampiyona yigihugu nandi marushanwa ategurwa na FRVB, federasiyo y’umukino wa maboko mu Rwanda. <ref>https://rushyashya.net/reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-begukanye-igikombe-cyirushanwa-ryubutwari-2023-mu-mukino-wa-volleyball/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-begukanye-igikombe-cyirushanwa-ryubutwari-2023-mu-mukino-wa-volleyball</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/reg-vc-na-apr-vc-zegukanye-irushanwa-ry-abasora-neza-muri-volleyball</ref><ref>https://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/reg-vc-yegukanye-igikombe-cya-shampiyona-igitwariye-kuri-apr-vc</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-ikipe-nshya-forefront-yegukanye-agace-ka-kabiri-ka-shampiyona</ref> AMARUSHANWA  Forefront VC  yatwaye ibikombe bitandukanye nkaho iherutse kwegukana agace ka mbere mu mikino yamaboko ya volleyball, ikaba yaraje mu  wa 2 mu marushanwa y’ igikombe cya shampiyona y’abagore mu volleyball ya 2022 na 2023, kandi yitabiriye Igikombe Cy’irushanwa Ry’ubutwari 2023, irongera yitabira igikombe mu Irushanwa ry’Abasora neza muri Volleyball, ndetse yanitabiriye amarushwa atandukanye yohanze yigihugu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-apr-y-abagore-yegukanye-shampiyona-reg-vc-yiyongerera-amahirwe</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230302073626/https://magazine.mkuit.ac.rw/apr-wvc-and-reg-vc-win-rwanda-national-heroes-day-volleyball-tournament/</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] fls2pbdbt3j2lts0mclnis1438hf6jt APR WVC 0 14567 137532 136661 2026-09-15T15:55:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137532 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:James Kabarebe.jpg|thumb|Kabarebe James umuyobozi akaba na presida w'icyubahiro wa APR WVC]] '''APR WVC''' ni ikipe ya APR VC y’[[Umugore|abagore]] ni ukuvuga ni ikipe ishingiye ku gisirikare cy’u [[Rwanda]] ariko y’abagore ikina imukino ya maboko wa volleyball muri shampiyona yigihugu nandi marushanwa ategurwa na FRVB, federasiyo y’umukino wa maboko mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://rushyashya.net/reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-begukanye-igikombe-cyirushanwa-ryubutwari-2023-mu-mukino-wa-volleyball/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-begukanye-igikombe-cyirushanwa-ryubutwari-2023-mu-mukino-wa-volleyball</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230324195030/https://sportnewsafrica.com/breve/volleyball-apr-vc-et-reg-vc-gagnent-la-coupe-des-heros/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/reg-vc-na-apr-vc-zegukanye-irushanwa-ry-abasora-neza-muri-volleyball</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-apr-y-abagore-yegukanye-shampiyona-reg-vc-yiyongerera-amahirwe</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/121587/apr-vc-na-apr-wvc-zigiye-kwerekeza-muri-tanzania-121587.html</ref> == Abakinnyi ba APR Y'abagore == * UWERA Lea * UWERA Prisca * KAbatesi Juith * MUKAMANA Denyse * DUSABE FLAVIA * MUSABYIMANA Donatha * UWIRINGIYIMANA ALBERTINE * MUSHIMIYIMANA Esperance * BAYIJA YVONNE * NYIRAHABIMANA MARIE DIVINE * MUNEZERO VALENTINE * UWIMANA * MUKANTAMBARA SERAPHINE * MUSABYIMANA PENELOP == Abatoza == * MUKASINE ADELINE * RWAMUHUNGU RICHARD * MUSAFIRI MUGABO JACKSON * UWIBAMBE ANGERIQUE * UMUTESI RUBAYIZA MARIE JOSEE * SIBORUREMA FLORIEN<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/117268/apr-woman-volleyball-club-irahagurukana-abakinnyi-14-yerekeje-mu-mikino-ya-champions-leagu-117268.html</ref> == Ibikombe == APR WVC yatwaye ibikombe bitandukanye nkaho iherutse gutwara igikombe cya shampiyona y’abagore mu volleyball ya 2022 na 2023, yatwaye kandi Igikombe Cy’irushanwa Ry’ubutwari 2023, irongera itwara Irushanwa ry’Abasora neza muri Volleyball, ndetse yanitabiriye amarushwa atandukanye.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-amakipe-ya-apr-agiye-kwerekeza-muri-tanzania</ref><ref>https://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/reg-vc-yegukanye-igikombe-cya-shampiyona-igitwariye-kuri-apr-vc</ref><ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=13323&fbclid=IwAR17itxI3z-5UZ_CEDqqk7aXjPi8fyxODlAbGFExkkEcZNPK6ahFuApg2bs</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230302073626/https://magazine.mkuit.ac.rw/apr-wvc-and-reg-vc-win-rwanda-national-heroes-day-volleyball-tournament/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] ozn90njowhpcvf187ujxq9n9e9427v3 Umutoniwase Denise 0 14571 137499 136485 2026-09-15T15:50:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137499 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umutoniwase Denise''' ni umutegarugori w’umunyarwanda akaba akinira ikipe y’abagore yo mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri ya Youvia WFC akaba yarabigize umwuga.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/iminsi-ibiri-irashize-tuyishimire-angelique-ari-muri-koma-nyuma-yo-kunanirwa-kwakira-gutsindwa</ref><ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/tuyishimire-wagiye-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa-kw-ikipe-ye-amerewe-ate</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=61105 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302125023/https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=61105 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/iminsi-3-umukinnyi-w-umunyarwanda-ari-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/wa-mukinnyi-wa-youvia-wfc-waguye-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa-yavuye-muri-koma |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302125023/https://www.thechoicelive.com/wa-mukinnyi-wa-youvia-wfc-waguye-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa-yavuye-muri-koma |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":5">https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/tuyishimire-wagiye-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa-kw-ikipe-ye-amerewe-ate</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=61105 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302125023/https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=61105 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Aho akina === Umutoniwase Denise akaba akina mu kibuga nka myugariro w’ibumoso, ahatana cyane ngo  bibafasha kuba bazamutse mucyiciro cyisumbuyeho. Umutoniwase Denise akaba yaragize ikibazo cyoguta ubwenge akajya mu bitaro ubwo ikipe akinira yatsirwaga bigatuma itazamutse mu cyiciro cyisumbuyeho.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] 6sa8wsb8u3dmw8inv4i7pb4uhxm0b3d Muhayimpundu Ratif 0 14573 137517 136527 2026-09-15T15:53:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhayimpundu Ratif''' ni [[umugore]] w’umunyarwanda akaba akinira ikipe y’abagore yo mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri ya Youvia WFC akaba yarabigize umwuga.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/tuyishimire-wagiye-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa-kw-ikipe-ye-amerewe-ate</ref><ref name=":1">http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/iminsi-3-umukinnyi-w-umunyarwanda-ari-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/iminsi-ibiri-irashize-tuyishimire-angelique-ari-muri-koma-nyuma-yo-kunanirwa-kwakira-gutsindwa</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=61105 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302125023/https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=61105 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://byoseonline.rw/kigali-abakinnyi-bane-bananiwe-kwakira-insinzwi-bajyanwa-chuk-umwe-ari-muri-koma/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=kigali-abakinnyi-bane-bananiwe-kwakira-insinzwi-bajyanwa-chuk-umwe-ari-muri-koma |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302133440/https://byoseonline.rw/kigali-abakinnyi-bane-bananiwe-kwakira-insinzwi-bajyanwa-chuk-umwe-ari-muri-koma/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=kigali-abakinnyi-bane-bananiwe-kwakira-insinzwi-bajyanwa-chuk-umwe-ari-muri-koma |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":5">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114521/nyuma-yo-kunanirwa-kuzamuka-mu-cyiciro-cya-mbere-itsinzwe-na-kayonza-wfc-umukinnyi-wa-youv-114521.html</ref><ref name=":6">https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/youvia-wfc-yazamutse-mu-cyiciro-cya-mbere-mu-bagore-yiha-umuhigo-mushya-amafoto</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |url=https://www.umuringa.net/author/alpha/page/41/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302133439/https://www.umuringa.net/author/alpha/page/41/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/Sports-17?page=42 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302134938/https://www.thechoicelive.com/Sports-17?page=42 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Aho akina === Muhayimpundu Ratif akaba akina mu kibuga hagati, akaba yarazamukiye mu ishuri ry'umupira wamaguru, akinisha amaguru yombi intego akaba ari uko bafasha kuba bazamutse mu cyiciro cyisumbuyeho. Muhayimpundu <ref name=":7" />Ratif yagize ikibazo cyo guta ubwenge ubwo ikipe akinanira itabashije kuzamutse mu cyiciro cyisumbuyeho.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] t8dm0aveigftppuvi920o3759dug8g2 Startimes Rwanda 0 14574 137589 113173 2026-09-15T16:24:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137589 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Femme commerciale.jpg|thumb|'''Startimes Rwanda''']] '''Startimes Rwanda'''  yatangiye gukora 1988 mu gihugu cyu bushinwa ni sosiyete cyangwa campani itangaza amakuru atandukanye mu mupira wa amaguru, mu Rwanda, muri Africa n’iburayi ndetse no ku isi yose, binyuze kuma  dekoderi yayo, nka Magic Sports CH 265 na CH 251 hamwe n 'abakoresha antene y’igisahani. Startimes Rwanda igaragaza imikino ya CAF Champions League na CAF Confederations Cup yerekana kuri shene zitandukanye za Siporo.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/article/startimes-yongereye-umubare-wa-shene-z-igifaransa-n-icyongereza-kuri-nova</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/startimes-decoder-prices-now-lowest-price-ever-rwanda</ref><ref name=":2">https://umuryango.rw/inkuru-z-amamaza/article/startimes-yagabanyije-bikomeye-igiciro-cya-dekoderi-yayo-kugira-ngo-buri-wese</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/startimes-decoder-has-been-reduced-sgnificantly-now-at-only-rwf-3000/</ref><ref name=":4">https://www.jobinrwanda.com/employer/startimes-rwanda</ref><ref name=":5">https://mucuruzi.com/2-job-positions-at-startimes-rwanda-deadline-3-december-2021/</ref><ref name=":6">https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwamamaza/article/poromosiyo-ya-noheli-nezerwa-na-startimes-ugura-tv-nshya-uhabwe-impano</ref><ref name=":7">https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwamamaza/article/icyumweru-cy-imikino-kuri-startimes-haraca-uwambaye-hagati-ya-apr-fc-na-rayon-sports</ref> [[Dosiye:Trophée de la Ligue des champions de la CAF.jpg|center|thumb|Igikombe cya CAF Champions league]] === Digital TV === StarTimes ni Ikigo  muri Afurika gicuruza ibijyanye n’iyerekanamashusho (Digital TV) ikaba ifite abakiriya bakoresha antenne z’ibisahane (Dish) basaga miliyoni 13 ndetse n’abakoresha antene z’udushami (DTT) barenga miliyoni 20 mu bihugu birenga 30. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 8o36zeusaajpx10yyea4g5b7efujtyw Kayonza WFC 0 14575 137590 133733 2026-09-15T16:24:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137590 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Paris Volley - Tourcoing Lille Métropole Volley-Ball, Championnat de France - 6 octobre 2020 - 36.jpg|thumb|Ikipe ya Kayonza WFC]] '''Kayonza WFC''' (Kayonza Women Football Club) ni ikipe y’umupira wa maguru yabigize umwuga ikinamo [[Umugore|abagore]] n’abakobwa mugukina shampiyona y’igihugu I tegurwa na [[FERWAFA]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|ishyirahamwe ry’umupira wa maguru mu Rwanda]],  ndetse n’igikombe cy’amahoro cy’igihugu. Kayonza WFC ibarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza|karere ka kayonza]]. Kayonza WFC ikaba iherereye mu karere ka kayonza.mu mujyi wa kayonza.<ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/iminsi-3-umukinnyi-w-umunyarwanda-ari-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa</ref><ref>https://777score.com/football/matches/ipm-women-vs-kayonza-women</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/114521/nyuma-yo-kunanirwa-kuzamuka-mu-cyiciro-cya-mbere-itsinzwe-na-kayonza-wfc-umukinnyi-wa-youv-114521.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302135354/https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/114521/nyuma-yo-kunanirwa-kuzamuka-mu-cyiciro-cya-mbere-itsinzwe-na-kayonza-wfc-umukinnyi-wa-youv-114521.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/abakinnyi-4-b-ikipe-ya-youvia-barembye-bajyanwa-mu-bitaro-nyuma-yo-kunanirwa</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/youvia-wfc-itarabona-amikoro-ahagije-yabonye-abatoza-bashya-barimo-baraka</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/wa-mukinnyi-wa-youvia-wfc-waguye-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa-yavuye-muri-koma |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302125023/https://www.thechoicelive.com/wa-mukinnyi-wa-youvia-wfc-waguye-muri-koma-kubera-gutsindwa-yavuye-muri-koma |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://azscore.com/football/leagues/rwanda/rwanda-championship-women-2</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://stavkiprognozy.ru/matches/rwanda-womens-league/kayonza-wfc-women-bugesera-women-29-01-23.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302135358/https://stavkiprognozy.ru/matches/rwanda-womens-league/kayonza-wfc-women-bugesera-women-29-01-23.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sportybet.com/ng/lite/live/detail?fromUrl=%2Fng%2Flite%2Flive%2Flist&sportId=sr:sport:1&eventId=sr:match:39115009&marketGroupsName=Main |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302135359/https://www.sportybet.com/ng/lite/live/detail?fromUrl=/ng/lite/live/list&sportId=sr:sport:1&eventId=sr:match:39115009&marketGroupsName=Main |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/12/komisiyo-yimisifurire-muri-ferwafa-yahagaritse-abasifuzi-bane/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302140900/https://umuseke.rw/2021/12/komisiyo-yimisifurire-muri-ferwafa-yahagaritse-abasifuzi-bane/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/jimmy-mulisa-yifatanyije-n-akarere-ka-kayonza-mu-kwizihiza-umunsi-w-umugore-binyuze-mu-mikino</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe ya bagore]] 8wg1mtr9odwozyfn3mbuot0327i9jr0 Inyemera WFC 0 14581 137760 134147 2026-09-15T17:08:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137760 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:20130330 - Vendée Volley-Ball Club Herbretais - Foyer Laïque Saint-Quentin Volley-Ball - 105.jpg|thumb|Inyemera]] '''Inyemera WFC''' (Inyemera Women Football Club)  yashinzwe  muri 2012, ikipe yashizwe kandi irebererwa na [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|karere ka Gicumbi]] ni ikipe y’umupira wamaguru wa babigize umwuga. Ni ikipe igaragaramo [[Umugore|abagore]] n’abakobwa mugukina shampiyona y’igihugu I tegurwa na [[FERWAFA]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] ndetse n’igikombe cy’amahoro cy’igihugu.Inyemera WFC yakinnye mu shampiyona y’icyiciro cy’akabiri mu [[Rwanda]], irazamuka ubu ikaba iri mu cyiciro cya mbere cya shampiyona mu mupira w’amaguru mu bari na [[Umugore|bategarugori]]. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/article/ibyaranze-week-end-mu-magare-amateka-yaranditswe-as-kigali-itwara-igikombe-cya-cumi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/02/inzara-iratema-amara-mu-bakobwa-bakinira-binyemera-wfc/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302142941/https://umuseke.rw/2023/02/inzara-iratema-amara-mu-bakobwa-bakinira-binyemera-wfc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.nowgoal.com/football/team/42508</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcdCbWr--0U</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/as-kigali-wfc-yashyikirijwe-igikombe-cya-shampiyona?url_reload=21&var_mode=calcul</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/scandinavia-yihereranye-as-kigali-iyitsindira-ku-kibuga-yitorezaho</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/yakoreye-imana-kuva-kera-ifoto-ya-gitwaza-muri-1993-ikomeje-gutuma-benshi-bashima-imanaifoto/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302143000/https://yegob.rw/yakoreye-imana-kuva-kera-ifoto-ya-gitwaza-muri-1993-ikomeje-gutuma-benshi-bashima-imanaifoto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe ya bagore]] e9kh6iym903vpqyjt2bx2t1ohdhklsz Baraka Hussein 0 14586 137551 123943 2026-09-15T16:05:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baraka Hussein''' ni umugabo ukomoka muri [[Tanzaniya]],  akaba ari n’umutoza w’umupira wa maguru ubikora nk’uwabigize umwuga,  Baraka Hussein yagiye atoza ari umutoza w'ungirije cyangwa ari umutoza mukuru, wanyuze mu ikipe atandukanye nkaho yari yungirije muri [[Eticnelles Fc|Etincelles FC]], yungirije Emmanuel Ruremesha. Baraka Hussein yatoje andi ma ikipe tandukanye nka ari [[Gicumbi Fc|Gicumbi FC]] ari umutoza mukuru, Baraka Hussien yatoje na ikipe ya [[Musanze Fc|Musanze FC]]. Ubu akaba ari umuyobozi wa Siporo muri [[YOUVIA WFC]]. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/youvia-wfc-itarabona-amikoro-ahagije-yabonye-abatoza-bashya-barimo-baraka</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/132942/Sports/gicumbi-fc-appoint-hussein-baraka-as-new-coach</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/baraka-hussein-yagizwe-umutoza-wungirije-wa-etincelles-fc-intego-ni-icyamahoro.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302152716/https://ar.umuseke.rw/baraka-hussein-yagizwe-umutoza-wungirije-wa-etincelles-fc-intego-ni-icyamahoro.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/132942/Sports/gicumbi-fc-appoint-hussein-baraka-as-new-coach</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/kiyovu-yanyagiwe-na-gicumbi-abafana-bikoma-umutoza</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/nyuma-y-icyumweru-asezerewe-muri-mukura-okoko-yamaze-gusinyira-indi-kipe-nk#</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/77319/etincelles-fc-ikomeje-imyitozo-yitegura-gucakirana-na-apr-fc-77319.html</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201608240018.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umutoza]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 1ggicmrtqojztvhzb85cewixp3p1k7k Bugesera WFC 0 14590 137471 132524 2026-09-15T15:18:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bugesera WFC''' (Bugesera Women Football Club)  ikipe yashinzwe kandi irebererwa na karere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]], ni ikipe y’umupira w'amaguru wa babigize umwuga. Ni ikipe igaragaramo [[Umugore|abagore]] n’abakobwa mugukina shampiyona y’igihugu I tegurwa na [[FERWAFA]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] ndetse n’[[Igikombe cy’Amahoro|igikombe cy’amahoro]] cy’igihugu. Bugesera WFC ikina mu shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere cyu mu mupira w’amaguru mu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Umugore|bagore]]. <ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/bugesera-wfc-ishinja-ferwafa-kuyirenganya-mu-gikombe-cy-amahoro-ntikinira</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/igikombe-cyamahoro-cyabagore-as-kigali-wfc-yageze-muri-%C2%BD/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302161827/https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/igikombe-cyamahoro-cyabagore-as-kigali-wfc-yageze-muri-%C2%BD/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/144119/latest%20news/as-kigali-retains-rwanda-women-football-league-title/amp</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/article/abakunzi-b-imikino-mu-rwanda-biteze-iki-mu-mpera-z-icyumweru</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/bane-muri-ferwafa-bamaze-gusabirwa-kweguzwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302160325/https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/bane-muri-ferwafa-bamaze-gusabirwa-kweguzwa |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/scandinavia-wfc-yahize-guhindura-amateka-ikambura-as-kigali-wfc-igikombe-cya</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/06/as-kigali-retains-women-football-league-title/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe ya bagore]] 464pxltri4mgrxpxptzo2l4oc0jbzgm Ikipe 0 14592 137629 99907 2026-09-15T16:46:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137629 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Team éperviers.jpg|thumb|Ikipe]] [[Dosiye:Match de VolleyBall.jpg|thumb|ikipe]] '''Ikipe''' y’umupira w’amaguru ni uruganda,ikipe igizwe n’inzego zitandukanye zuzuzanya, hazamo gukorana neza kandi kinyamwuga kuri buri mukozi uri muri izo nzego harimo abayobozi, abatoza, abakinnyi, abashinzwe umutungo, abategura amafunguro y’abakinnyi, abakora isuku, abashinzwe umutekano, abashoferi niwo musaruro mubona mu kibuga no hanze yacyo mu makipe akomeye.<ref name=":0">https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/ni-iki-kibura-kugira-ngo-amakipe-yo-mu-rwanda-abe-ay-ubucuruzi</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/imikino-60277032</ref><ref>https://yegob.rw/ni-iki-kiri-mu-biganiro-byahuje-perezida-wa-ferwafa-numuyobozi-wikipe-ikomeye-mu-budage/</ref> === inzego za ikipe === Peresida wa ikipe hagakurikiraho Inama y'ubutegetsi hagakurikiraho Ushinzwe ikipe ( CEO ) hakaza abashizwe umutungo, abashizwe ibya tekinike, abashizwe abakozi, abashizwe kumenyekanisha ibikorwa n;ubucuruzi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/muhoza-eric-yungutse-iki-nk-umunyarwanda-wahize-abandi-muri-tour-du-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/apr-fc-ni-ikipe-nk-izindi-perezida-wa-rayon-sports</ref> '''Inyungu za ikipe''' Amafaranga ikipe ibona aturuka ahantu hatandukanye, haba abaterankunga, haba amafaranga ava ku bibuga, kugurisha uburenganzira bwo kwerekana amashusho y’ikipe kuri television, kugurisha bimwe mubice bigize stade ku bafatanyabikorwa, kugurisha abakinnyi ahandi, umusanzu w’abafa ni nkunga.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Imikino-yigikombe-cyIsi-isigiye-iki-ibihugu-mu-gutegura-abakinnyi</ref><ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/exclusive-umwana-nareze-njyenyine-ni-yo-yagira-ikibazo-bikurebaho-iki-ntawantegeka-uko-nkora-ibintu-haruna-niyonzima-wahishuye-byinshi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] p6l1n8t31zcci4qzhgrj6zogxoo887i Fatima wfc 0 14594 137706 134106 2026-09-15T16:58:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137706 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Female Football 12.jpg|thumb|Fatima wfc]] '''Fatima wfc''' (Fatima Women Football Club) ni ikipe y’umupira wa maguru wa babigize umwuga. Ni [[ikipe]] igaragaramo [[Umugore|abagore]] n’[[Umugore|abakobwa]] mugukina shampiyona y’igihugu I tegurwa na [[FERWAFA]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] ndetse n’[[Igikombe cy’Amahoro|igikombe cy’amahoro cy’igihugu]]. Fatima wfc ikina mu shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere cyu mu mupira w’amaguru mu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Umugore|bagore]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/03/as-kigali-yabagore-yambuye-abayikiniye-bakajya-muri-rayon/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302171000/https://umuseke.rw/2023/03/as-kigali-yabagore-yambuye-abayikiniye-bakajya-muri-rayon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/scandinavia-wfc-yahinduye-amateka-itwara-igikombe-cya-shampiyona-y-abagore</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/abakinnyi-39-bikipe-yigihugu-yu-rwanda-yabagore-bari-munsi-yimyaka-20-yatangiye-umwiherero-mu-rwego-rwo-guhatanira-itike-yigikombe-cyisi-cya-2022/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/rayon-sports-y-abagore-yatangiye-kwiyubaka-izana-abanyamahanga</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwanda-football.com/rayon-sports-wfc-yatangiye-gusahura-as-kigali-wfc/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302221201/https://rwanda-football.com/rayon-sports-wfc-yatangiye-gusahura-as-kigali-wfc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://btnrwanda.com/read?live=30 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302171001/https://btnrwanda.com/read?live=30 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/amavubi-y-abagore-arateganya-gukina-umukino-wa-gicuti-na-tanzania-bitegura-cecafa</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/amavubi-yitegura-imikino-ya-cecafa-yatangiye-imyiteguro/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/amaso-yuwapfuye-yasubijwe-ubuzima-arongera-arareba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302171002/https://yegob.rw/amaso-yuwapfuye-yasubijwe-ubuzima-arongera-arareba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe ya bagore]] 4y25brvp1p0btu2y4zfosdtqhv0jhyh Igiti cy'igihondohondo 0 14609 137376 112970 2026-09-15T14:39:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dracaena steudneri Engl.jpg|thumb|Igihondohondo]] [[Dosiye:Luigi Balugani - Dracaena steudneri Engl (Dragon Tree), outline detail of infloresence among leaves - B1977.14.6467b - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|thumb|Igiti]] [[Dosiye:Drosera rotundifolia leaf1.jpg|thumb|igihondohondo]] [[Dosiye:Starr 060916-8907 Dracaena fragrans.jpg|thumb|281x281px]] '''Igihondohondo''' ni [[igiti]] kiba kubutumburuke bwa metero kuva 1300 kugeza kuri 2500, kigera kuri m 15 z'uburebure, Ni igiti cya koreshwaga cyane mu mihango y'abakurambere bu Rwanda. Umutiba wa cm 25-35 z'umurambararo, ufite amashami menshi mu ikamba, hamwe n'inkovu z'amababi zigaragara igihe kirekire. amababi ya alterne, coriace, yaka cyane icyatsi kibisi, yuzuye muri rosettes zanyuma, zimeze nkinkota, base ifashe kugeza kuri cm 130 z'uburebure na cm 16 z'ubugari. Inflorescence, gutondeka neza, indabyo nyinshi zigera kuri cm 100 na cm 70-150 z'ubugari.indabyo grenish yera kugeza kuri cm 1.5 z'uburebure.imbuto imbuto zijimye zijimye zigera kuri cm 1,5 kugeza kuri 2 lon na 1.5. kugeza kuri cm 3 z'ubugari.<ref>https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=111</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/umuco/article/ibyihariye-biranga-i-buhanga-kwa-gihanga-agace-kabumbatiye-amateka-y-iyimikwa</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/Musanze-Abashatse-gusagarira-ahantu-himikirwaga-abami-bahasize-ubuzima</ref><ref>https://mail.bwiza.com/?hagiye-gukoreshwa-iturufu-y-ubukerarugendo-musanze-ibe-umujyi-ukurikira-kigali</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201509282794.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] 6gh4kyxzqkbeyira9lceppstjduzbnn Nkurimwonga 0 14615 137472 124155 2026-09-15T15:18:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137472 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Common blue damselfly (Enallagma cyathigerum) immature male.jpg|thumb|nkurimwonga|366x366px]] [[Dosiye:Leaf 1 web.jpg|thumb|Nkurimwonga]] '''Nkurimwonga''' ni ikimera gikunda kuba hafi yahantu hari umuswa cyangwa aho wahoze, kiba mu ishyamba ku butumburucye bwa metero 1200 kugeza kuri metero 2500. Nkurimwonga ni umuti kikaba n’imboga kiri mu bihingwa by’inyongeramirire. Nkurimwonga kera cyifashishwaga mu kuvura kuko gifasha abarwayi ba Diabete cyangwa abantu bahorana umunaniro n’isereri. Nkurimwonga gifasha gukiza kwa kuzahara guterwa n’uburozi , Nkurimwonga kirwanya infection mu maraso ndetse Magaru ikura uburozi mu mubiri hamwe n'ingaruka zabwo. Nkurimwonga gihangana n’uburozi mu m'umubiri ukongera ugakora neza. Ikirogora gifasha mu gusukura amaraso ku bafite ibibazo bitandukanye.<ref>https://www.memoireonline.com/10/13/7622/m_Mourir-au-Burundi-gestion-de-la-mort-et-pratiques-d-enterrement-de-la-periode-pre-coloniale-17.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=7 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2025-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124160919/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=7 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lavierebelle.org/index-noms-kinyarwanda-noms-286?lang=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2024-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503103734/https://lavierebelle.org/index-noms-kinyarwanda-noms-286?lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/MEMOIRES_VERHANDELINGEN/Sciences_morales_politique/Hum.Sc.(NS)_T.VIII,1_LESTRADE%20A._La%20m%C3%A9dicine%20indig%C3%A8ne%20au%20Ruanda_1956.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8532704/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://amateka.net/la-medecine-indigene-a-u-ruanda-v/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326183348/https://amateka.net/la-medecine-indigene-a-u-ruanda-v/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Hypoestes triflora, blom, Krantzkloof NR, a.jpg|thumb|Nkurimwonga|222x222px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 8f4uvbvpmd099p74vb7n37sj268aldg Ibyo kurya bifasha ubwonko 0 14626 137707 134626 2026-09-15T16:58:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137707 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Broccoli and cross section edit.jpg|thumb|broccoli ni ubwoko bw'imboga zifasha ubwonko]] [[Dosiye:Avocado with cross section edit.jpg|thumb|267x267px|avoka ifasha imitekerereze]] Nta gushidikanya ko ibyo turya aribyo biha ubushobozi ubwonko mu kazi ko kugenzura ibikorwa ibyo aribyo byose, cyane ko abahanga mu mirire bavuga ko "Turi ibyo turya" kandi ngo "Amagara aramirwa, ntamerwa." == Ibyo wamenya kubyo Kurya bifasha Ubwonko == Mu biryo turya, harimo ibiribwa bifasha ubwonko bwacu gukora neza nk’uko no ku zindi ngingo z’umubiri bigenda. Ibi rero twagombye kubibuha buri munsi, umuntu akaba yavuga ati ‘uyu munsi ubwonko ndabufashije, na bwo buraza kumfasha. Ntabwo nzi niba abantu bajya babitekerezaho ariko muri rusange ibiribwa bikize ku bintu birinda ubwonko kwangirika (antioxydant) ni byo bifasha ubwonko bwacu kutangirika.”<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sobanukirwa-amoko-y-ibiribwa-n-ibinyobwa-bifasha-ubwonko-gukora-neza</ref>''Ubwonko nk’igice fatizo cy’umubiri kigenzura ibyo ukora byose, nabwo bukenera intungamubiri ziva mu byo turya bya buri munsi nk’uko umubiri ubikenera. Nubwo umuntu afata ibiribwa bifite intungamubiri zitandukanye hari ibiba bifite umumaro ukomeye ku gice runaka.''<ref name=":1">https://agakiza.org/Bimwe-mu-biribwa-bifasha-ubwonko-gukora-neza.html</ref>Usibye ibiribwa byiganjemo imboga n’imbuto,amazi nayo ari ikinyobwa kitakwirengagizwa mu bintu bifasha ubwonko bw’umuntu gukora neza kuko agira uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza intungamubiri mu mubiri wose kandi akanatanga umwuka wo guhumeka (Oxygen), cyane ko no mu biyagize urimo.Abantu benshi ntibakunze kubyitaho, ariko hari ibyonnyi byitwa (Radicaux libre) byangiza ubwonko biturutse ku mikorere isanzwe y’umubiri wacu, ibiryo bitetse nabi cyangwa se bikaba byanaturuka ku bidukikije. Buriya n’ibiryo bitetse muri micro-ondes byongera ibyonnyi by’ubwonko.” == Tumenye ibyo kurya bifasha ubwonko == [[Dosiye:Brain diagram hu.png|thumb|Igishushanyo cyerekana ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko.]] Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko umuntu yari akwiye kurya imboga n’imbuto by’ubwoko butanu ku munsi kandi nta munsi n’umwe asibye.Amazi ni kimwe mu bifasha cyane ubwonko gukora neza. Nibura umuntu ufite ibilo 60 agomba kunywa litiro ebyiri ku munsi. Kugira ngo umenye ingano y’amazi ugomba kunywa ku munsi, ufata ingano y’ibilo byawe ukagabanya inshuro 30.”Bavugako abantu badakwiriye kuvanga ibintu mu mazi ngo akunde aborohere kuyanywa, kuko iyo atagifite umwimerere wayo, aba atakiri amazi. Umuntu agomba kunywa amazi atagira ibara, atagira impumuro adafite uburyohe kandi meza.<ref name=":0" />Imyitozo ngororamubiri ni igikorwa cya gatatu abantu bose bakwiye kwitabira mu rwego rwo kurinda ubwonko bwabo kuko iri mu biburinda kwangirika, bukabasha gukora neza kandi igihe cyose.Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bugaragaza ko nibura umuntu udafite ikibazo kindi cy’ubuzima agomba gukora siporo hagati y’iminota 30 n’isaha imwe kandi bigakorwa buri munsi.Amaronji, soya na karoti: Ibi nabyo bikungahaye kuri vitamini C, E na A, nabyo bibarirwa mu bifasha ubwonko gukora neza kuko bifasha umuntu kwibuka nta ngorane ahuye nazo.Ibiribwa bifasha ubwonko gukora neza ni nka tungurusumu, amata na puwavuro (Poivron).Umuvuzi uvura akoresheje ibimera, avuga ko tungurusumu ituma umutima utera neza bitewe n’uko itunganya amaraso.<ref name=":1" />Tungurusumu ikaba inaboneka mu biribwa bishinzwe gutunganya no kuvura imitsi minini kandi muri iyo mitsi imyinshi iba ikora ku bwonko. == Ibindi byo kurya bifasha == [[Dosiye:La Boqueria.JPG|thumb|Imbuto|176x176px]] [[Dosiye:A small cup of coffee.JPG|thumb|Ikawa kimwe mubinyobwa bifasha ubwonko gutekereza vuba ikarinda nizindi ndrwara|176x176px]] [[Dosiye:Banana on black background.jpg|thumb|185x185px|Umuneke kimwe mubyongerera imbaraga ubwonko]] Avoka ni urubuto rwihariye kuko irimo vitamini zigera kuri 11, muri zo harimo vitamini E izwiho gusukura. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kurya avoka birwanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya ''Alzheimer’s'' ikaba ifata ubwonko igatera kwibagirwa aho ushobora no kwibagirwa aho utaha cyangwa izina ryawe.Ibihwagari nabyo bikungahaye kuri vitamini E. Muri garama 30 za twa tubuto dukaranze nkuko ukaranga ubunyobwa harimo 30% bya vitamini E ukeneye ku munsi. Kubirya gutyo cyangwa gukora agasosi kabyo ni ingenzi mu kongerera ingufu ubwenge.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibiryo-bituma-ubwonko-bukora-neza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225140942/https://umutihealth.com/ibiryo-bituma-ubwonko-bukora-neza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ubushakashatsi bugenda bugaragaza ko abantu banywa divayi itukura ariko ntibarenze akarahure 1 ku munsi bakagafata nyuma yo kurya, ubwonko bwabo bwibuka cyane kurenza abanywa bakarenza urugero. Si ibyo  gusa kuko alukolo muri rusange ku gipimo cyemewe ituma ubwenge bushabuka ndetse ukibuka vuba. Hari abavuga ko kunywa inzoga nke mbere y’ikizami ngo bifasha kwibuka no gutsinda, ariko nta bushakashatsi burabyemeza.Bwaba ubunyobwa bukaranze, bubisi se cyangwa isosi yabwo ni isoko y’ibinure na vitamini E. Ibyo binure ni ingenzi kuko nibyo bikoze ubwonko dore ko ahanini ari ibinure. Ni bwiza rero ku bwonko no ku mikorere y’umutima. Utabonye ubunyobwa wabusimbuza almond (amande).<ref>http://www.rebero.co.rw/2019/02/05/dore-bimwe-mu-bintu-byafasha-ubwonko-gukora-neza-no-gufata-mu-mutwe-cyane-igice-cya-1/</ref>Amafi ya salmon, mackerel, tilapia, sardines n’izindi zikungahaye kuri bya binure bya omega-3, birimo DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid).Iyi DHA mu bwonko ni ingenzi cyane kuko ituma uturandaryi two mu bwonko dukora neza. Twibutseko iyo akarandaryi kamwe kangiritse kadasimburwa.Imboga zinyuranye nka epinari, broccoli, imbwija, dodo n’izindi ni isoko nziza ya vitamini E na B9. Vitamini B9 ishwanyaguza ''homocysteine'' iyi ikaba izwiho gutuma uturemangingo two mu bwonko dupfa ikanatera ibibazo by’umutima, vitamini B9 ibi byose irabirwanya,Inkeri mu moko yazo yose, zaba inkeri zitukura cyangwa izirabura, zifasha ubwonko mu kwibuka no gukora neza. Ibyo zibikora zifasha umubiri gusohora poroteyine zahindutse nk’uburozi zishobora kwangiza imikorere myiza y’ubwonko.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ibyo-kurya-bituma-ubwonko-bukora-neza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2022-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123222836/https://yegob.rw/ibyo-kurya-bituma-ubwonko-bukora-neza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Impeke ni ibyo kurya bikungahaye kuri fibres. Iyo tuvuga impeke tuba tuvuga umuceri, ingano, ibigori, utubuto twa sezame, inzuzi z’ibihaza, uburo, amasaka. Ibi byo kurya byo muri ubu bwoko ntibivuze ngo ubirye byonyine, ahubwo bishyirwa mu yandi mafunguro. Ushobora kubinywa mu gikoma, kubirya, bigafasha umubiri gusohora imyanda bityo bikarinda iyangirika ry’imitsi ijyana amaraso mu bwonko.Shokola zirabura Izi chocolat zitandukanye n’izindi kuko zirimo ibirinda umubiri uburozi bunyuranye, ibikangura umubiri, harimo kandi na caffeine nkeya izwiho gutuma umubiri ukora endorphins, zikaba zituma imitekerereze igenda neza cyane.Gusa ku munsi ntugomba kurenza hagati ya 15g na 30g zayo kuko iyo ibaye nyinshi bitera ibindi bibazo nanone.<ref name=":0" />Ibishyimbo mu moko yabyo yose, byaba nyirabukara, mutiki, kiryumukwe, kiryugaramye, lentilles, n’andi moko, biri mu biribwa bikungahaye kuri glucose. Glucose nk’isukari, itera ingufu mu mubiri kandi ubwonko nicyo gice cya mbere mu mubiri gikoresha ingufu nyinshi. Kubirya bituma ubwonko butananirwa mu mikorere yabwo. Agace k’igikombe ku munsi karahagije. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] gnejhrsgip7uv897cnsfzd2rkkg9glh Gutwikumwe 0 14641 137299 119765 2026-09-15T14:22:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lycopus (uniflorus) - Bugleweed - Lycope (6104497562).jpg|thumb|Gutwikumwe]] [[Dosiye:Small leaves.jpg|thumb|gutwikumwe]] [[Dosiye:Lycopus uniflorus 1 (5097343651).jpg|thumb]] '''Gutwikumwe''' ni [[ikimera]] gikunda kuba ahantu hubuta hatose, nko mu bitare bya'amabuye, hujuru y'umugezi, cyangwa mu misozi miremire mu gihuru kiba kubutaka bufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 1400 kugeza 2000 nokuzamura. Gutwikumwe ni igihingwa gito gikunze kurandaranda, Gutwikumwe ifite umugozi cyangwa igiti cyacyo gifashe kumizi imeze nk'imfundo. Gutwikumwe ni umuti uvura ibimeme, infection, diabete n'izindi rwara z'[[Umugore|abagore]], ntse cyakoreshwaga kuura igifu n'ibisebe. '''Gutwikumwe''' yakoreshwaga mu gukuna '''[[Umugore|abakobwa]] n'[[Umugore|abagore]].'''<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/article/abazitabira-chogm-bazayiganura-twinjirane-mu-bwiza-bwa-pariki-ya-nyandungu</ref><ref>https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=21</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lavierebelle.org/centella-asiatica |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-date=2023-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304151136/https://lavierebelle.org/centella-asiatica |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkOAbmqfStE</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 1hg52mzdeh2nzbdznx1xb8t9phnu7y1 Ihungabana 0 14646 137725 111635 2026-09-15T17:01:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137725 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Traumatic dementia.jpg|thumb|Umurwayi wari wagize ihungabana rya dementiya.|184x184px]] [[Dosiye:Greg Stanton visits Second Chance Animal Trauma Hospital 01.jpg|thumb|abaganga baganiriza abarwayi bafite ihungabana|168x168px]] Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu bimenyetso by’ihungabana, aba bantu bakunda kugaragaza harimo agahinda kenshi gakunda kugendana n’ibimenyetso byo gushaka kwiyahura, kumva umuntu yataye agaciro muri we. == Tumenye igihe haba habayeho Ihungabana == [[Dosiye:Guteka jp.jpg|thumb|abafite ikibazo|314x314px]] Ihungabana ni ikibazo gihangayikisha uwo ryabayeho kimwe n’abamuzengurutse. Rikaba rifata umuntu nyuma yo guhura n’ibintu bibi cyane ku buryo birenga ubwenge bwe kubyakira no kubyihanganira. Akenshi rikunze gufata umuntu nyuma y’akarengane gakabije, gutotezwa, gukorerwa iyicarubozo, gufatwa ku ngufu, kwicirwa umuryango, kurokoka impanuka idasanzwe, n’ibindi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ihurizo-ku-ihungabana-rikomeje-kwibasira-urubyiruko-rwavutse-nyuma-ya-jenoside</ref>Uburyo abantu bahangana n’ihungabana buratandukanye, kuko no mu buzima busanzwe uko twakira ibitubayeho biranyuranye. Gusa nanone ni ikibazo gikosorwa kigashira nubwo kuri bamwe cyongera kikagaruka cyane cyane iyo bagize umwanya wo kwibuka ibyababayeho.<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/sobanukirwa-n-ihungabana-icyo-ari-cyo-n-uburyo-wafasha-umuntu-wahungabanye</ref>Hari ibimenyetso bitandukanye by’ihungabana; bimwe biba ku bantu ako kanya ikibazo kikimara kuba ibindi bikaza nyuma ya bya bihe bibi ndetse na nyuma y’imyaka bibaye.Nubwo bitaba bimwe ku bantu bose, ariko muri rusange ibimenyetso ni Kwiheba no kwigunga, agahinda n’umujinya bidasanzwe kandi biza vuba,Kunanirwa gusinzira no kugira icyo ukora,Gukomeza gutekereza ku byabaye bigatuma usa n’uri kubibona biba ako kanya.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ihurizo-ku-ihungabana-rikomeje-kwibasira-urubyiruko-rwavutse-nyuma-ya-jenoside</ref>Aha benshi bamera nk’abari mu nzozi, ndetse agakora ibimenyetso byerekana ko hari ikintu kiri kumubaho. Niba wenda ari nk’impanuka yabaye ugasanga ari kwipfuka mu mutwe nk’aho hari ikigiye kumugwaho, niba yarafashwe ku ngufu ugasanga ari gusaza imigeri nk’uri kwiyama umuntu gutyo gutyo. == Ibindi bimeyetso k'Umuntu ufite Ihungabana == Twibutse ko ihungabana ritagera gusa ku wahuye n’ibyateye iryo hungabana ahubwo rishobora no kugera ku wabibwiwe nk’inkuru nuko yagerageza kwishyira muri iyo si byaberagamo nawe akagerwaho n’ihungabana. Umwana umenye ko nyina yafashwe ku ngufu, cyangwa se ko umubyeyi we yishwe atemaguwe, ashobora guhungabana nubwo byaba byarabaye adahari.Kuribwa umutwe,Kuribwa mu nda, kwituma impatwe cyangwa impiswi,Umunaniro udasanzwe,Kubira ibyuya no guteragura k’umutima.<ref name=":1">https://umutihealth.com/ihungabana/</ref>Umuntu ugaragaza ibi bimenyetso aba yagezweho n’ihungabana kandi aba akeneye kwitabwaho.Gusa ku bantu benshi ibi ntibimara igihe kinini. Nyamara nanone ku bandi usanga bitinda ndetse bamwe bagatangira kwiyahuza inzoga n’ibindi biyobyabwenge bibwira ko ahari ari bwo bari butuze, nyamara iyo bibashizemo barongera bagasubira uko bari bameze batarabinywa nuko aho gucyemura ikibazo ahubwo kikiyongera.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ihungabana-ku-isonga-mu-bigishegesha-abarokotse-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi</ref>Icyakora nanone nubwo bamwe bagaragaza ibimenyetso byoroshye ndetse ugasanga kubaba hafi no kubaganiriza bibafasha kubisohokamo vuba, hari abandi usanga byafashe indi ntera bagakenera kwitabwaho birenze. == Uburyo wahangana ni Ihungabana == [[Dosiye:Osaka Phychiatric Medical Center.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro byita kubafite ihungabana nibindi bibazo byo mumutwe]] Hari uburyo bunyuranye bushobora kwifashishwa mu gufasha uwahuye n’ihungabana ndetse nawe ubwe ashobora kubukoresha akaba yakibonera igisubizo atiriwe yitabaza abandi.Mu gihe wahuye n’ihungabana utakaza icyizere cy’ejo hazaza kuko uba ubona ntacyo wasigariye. Ushobora kumva wanze ubuzima ndetse kubaho ntacyo bikumariye. Gusa abaganga, inshuti n’umuryango nibo ba mbere bazagufasha kwigaruramo icyizere no guhangana n’iryo hungabana. Nyamara mbere yuko ugendera ku byo bakubwira, ni wowe ubwawe ugomba kwifatira umwanzuro. Ni byiza ko umwanzuro ureba ubuzima bwawe ugira uruhare mu ifatwa ryawo.<ref name=":0" />Gerageza uganirize umuntu wizeye kandi uha agaciro ibyakubayeho. Ni byiza ko aba umuntu ushobora kugufasha kuko uko akumva anakuganiriza ni bumwe mu buryo buzagufasha kumva uruhutse. Ntakwiye kuba wa muntu uguca intege cyangwa ukwereka ko ibyawe byoroshye. Ntuzaganyire wa muntu uzahita akubwira ati: “nibe nawe, jyewe reka nkubwire ibyanjye”, “reka ndumva ibyo bidakanganye da”, n’ibindi kuko aho gutuma ukira ahubwo warushaho kuremba.<ref name=":1" />Rimwe na rimwe usanga uwahuye n’ihungabana nta muntu n’umwe aba afitiye icyizere. Ariko uko ugenda wubaka umubano n’abantu banyuranye bizarushaho kugufasha guhangana n’irungu bityo bigufashe kudaheranwa n’ihungabana. Shaka inshuti muzahuza kandi muzarambana, inshuti muzabana ubuzima bwose, mugasangira akabisi n’agahiye. Uko ugenda wongera ubusabane nabo niko bizagufasha kurushaho kumva ko utari wenyine kandi uryoherwe n’ubuzima buzaza. Ibi nibyo bizatuma utumva ko isi yarangiye cyangwa urumuri rwazimye. [[Dosiye:ABA 3.png|thumb|trauma]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] pvvkf8lxsxoixh42ns9mctt5s2iyh9m Urwuri 0 14648 137668 133198 2026-09-15T16:51:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137668 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Karachay-Cherkessia, Western Caucasus, Mountain Lake, Clouds.jpg|thumb|Urwuri|298x298px]] [[Dosiye:Meadow grass and amenity grass - geograph.org.uk - 1840373.jpg|thumb|Urwuri]] [[Dosiye:Ratargul Swamp Forest, Sylhet..jpg|thumb|urwuri ruri mumazi]] [[Dosiye:Kogosha ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|urwuri|232x232px]] [[Dosiye:Ingwe Tiger.jpg|thumb]] '''Urwuri''' cyangwa igikuyu cyangwa igisambu ni umurima munini cyangwa mutoya uzitiye cyangwa utazitiye ariko wagenewe kuragirwamo n'amatungo buruyro bwose, harimo ibyatsi cyangwa ibiti birirwa n'amatungo nka sitariya, urubingo , urwiri, kimari terebusakumu.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/hatangijwe-gahunda-y-urwuri-rw-icyitegererezo-iburasirazuba-yitezweho-kongera</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/article/umworozi-akurikiranyweho-kuvogera-urwuri-rw-uwo-yagabiye-ntamwiture</ref><ref name=":1">https://rba.co.rw/post/RAB-igaragaza-koumubare-wInka-zibarizwa-mu-Ntara-yIburasirazuba-utajyanye-numusaruro-zitanga</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/nyabihu-cyuma-aratabariza-inka-ze-nyuma-yo-kwamburwa-urwuri-yaguze-rukagurishwa-abandi-rwihishwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-date=2023-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304200446/https://panorama.rw/nyabihu-cyuma-aratabariza-inka-ze-nyuma-yo-kwamburwa-urwuri-yaguze-rukagurishwa-abandi-rwihishwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibiranga urwuri === * Kuba harimo [[amazi]] * Kuba hari igihande gihinze nka 30% byarwo * Kuba hari Ibyatsi bihunitse bikoreshwa mugihe cy'impeshyi * ibiraro by'ubakiye .<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 68wg8s5hg6a95an2laj3a0qby52xy37 Ibitaro bya kigeme 0 14665 137726 92132 2026-09-15T17:01:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibitaro bya kigeme''' ni ibitaro bikuru by'[[akarere ka Nyamagabe]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/ibitaro-bya-kigeme-bimaze-kwamburwa-amafaranga-miliyoni-200-kuva-muri-2015</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] lck24ei34gc5lkp1m1hk7pke0b22o4x Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi 0 14667 137630 111668 2026-09-15T16:46:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137630 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Agriculture work.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi]] [[Dosiye:Ubworozi by'inkoko.jpg|thumb|Ubworozi]] [[Dosiye:Guhinga.jpg|left|thumb]] '''Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworoz'''i (MINAGRI)''',''' ni Minisiteri y'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi. Ifite inshingano yo guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi bugezweho, bwiyubashye kandi bufite irushanwa, mu rwego rwo guharanira umutekano w'ibiribwa, ibicuruzwa by'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi byoherezwa mu mahanga no kwagura umusaruro ku nyungu z'umuhinzi n'ubukungu bw'igihugu.<ref name=":0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsTNIAU4vzM</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/dr-musafiri-ildephonse-yagizwe-minisitiri-w-ubuhinzi-n-ubworozi</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/minagri-yafunze-imiryango-y-inzu-40-zicuruza-inyama-i-kigali?fbclid=IwAR3rbILR3AQDjiAhJKdaeN6VVP1TXWKM2NVyLaLuX6aelEmZtANsoBSUiZw</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/minisitiri-mushya-w-ubuhinzi-n-ubworozi-yagaragaje-icyazamura-umusaruro-w</ref> === Gahunda ifite === Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI) ifite mu nshingano yo kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, ubworozi n’ibikomoka ku matungo hagamijwe kurwanya ubukene. Kugira ngo bigerweho, hifashishwa ikoranabuhanga mu kongera umusaruro rigafasha abahinzi n’aborozi guhinduka abanyamwuga kandi bakabungabunga ibidukikije. Kugira ngo Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi igere ku nshingano zayo, igendera kuri politiki zinyuranye. Muri zo twavuga: * Politiki y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi; * Ingamba yo kuvugurura ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ( PSTA IV); * Impinduramatwara mu bukungu (EDPRS).<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2023/03/02/minisiteri-yubuhinzi-nubworozi-yahawe-umuyobozi-mushya/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305130843/https://rwandanews24.rw/2023/03/02/minisiteri-yubuhinzi-nubworozi-yahawe-umuyobozi-mushya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Minisitiri]] fca8empmbhlnvilj0eaod95wf1de4a9 Umuzibaziba 0 14671 137776 124204 2026-09-15T17:10:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tree with red apples in Barkedal 4.jpg|thumb|Umuzibaziba|240x240px]] [[Dosiye:A red seed on tree.jpg|thumb|imbuto zumuzibazi]] '''Umuzibaziba''' ni igiti kikaba igiti cyangwa [[Ikimera]] kivura ibintu bitandukanye nko kuribwa munda cyane mugihe cy'imihango . Imizi, igiti, igishishwa cyangwa ikivuvu cy'Umuzibaziba biravura, yewe amababi cyangwa imbuto byose by'Umuzibaziba ni umuti uvura. guteka Umuzibaziba mu mazi ukabinnya ni umuti uvura kutagira ububabare mugihe cy'imihango, imitezi no kuviramo imbere munda. Umuzibaziba uvura na maraliya. Umuzibaziba uvura ibisebe by'imifunzo ndetse nibindi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/suitable-tree/kinyarwanda/umuzibaziba</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=223 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305141003/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=223 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.ethnopharmacologia.org/recherche-dans-prelude/?plant_id=4010</ref> [[Dosiye:Sapium insigne.jpg|thumb]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] sk4tw5g9q09s3d2xwgzfx03ayou7iw0 Umurenge wa Rusenge 0 14685 137761 133970 2026-09-15T17:08:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137761 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa Rusenge uhererereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]]. Ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[akarere ka Nyaruguru]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/abaturage-batuye-mu-kagari-ka-rusenge-umurenge-wa-rusenge-ho-mu-karere-ka-nyaruguru-baratangaza-ko-kuva-bavuka-binywera-amazi-yimigezi-itemba/ |title=Abaturage batuye mu Kagari ka Rusenge, Umurenge wa Rusenge ho mu Karere ka Nyaruguru baratangaza ko kuva bavuka binywera amazi y’imigezi itemba |website=Rugali |language=rw }}</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] n3ihqmepevhn4okh93nsjro9ihzuafv Minisiteri ya Siporo mu Rwanda 0 14692 137300 128000 2026-09-15T14:22:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137300 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aurore memosa Munyangaju.jpg|thumb|Minisitiri wa siporo|238x238px]] '''Minisiteri ya Siporo''' ( The Ministry of Sports,Minisports) ni minisiteri ifite siporo mu nshingano, ifite inshingano zo guteza imbere siporo no gushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa na gahunda n'ingamba ziteza imbere ibikorwa biteza imbere siporo n'imikino bigamije guhindura ubukungu, ubuzima n'imibereho myiza, Minisiteri ya Siporo Ifite gahunda na politike yo kwerekana i gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] nk'igihugu cya [[siporo]]. Ibigenderwaho harimo : <ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/article/minisiteri-ya-siporo-yatangaje-amabwiriza-y-ibikorwa-bya-siporo-mu-gihe-cyo-kwibuka28</ref><ref name=":1">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/minisiteri-ya-siporo-yashyize-hanze-amabwiriza-agomba-kugenga-za-gyms</ref> * Uburinganire nuburinganire * Ubunyangamugayo * Guhanga udushya * Uruhare no Kwishyira hamwe * Gukorera mu mucyo [[Dosiye:Match de VolleyBall.jpg|thumb|Minisiteri]] Hari amashyirahamwe atandukanye abarizwa muri Minisiteri ya Siporo harimo FERWAFA, FIFA.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/125773/minisiteri-ya-siporo-yahaye-ibendera-abakinnyi-12-bagiye-guhagararira-u-rwanda-mu-irushanw-125773.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/125773/minisiteri-ya-siporo-yahaye-ibendera-abakinnyi-12-bagiye-guhagararira-u-rwanda-mu-irushanw-125773.html</ref><ref>https://isimbi.rw/kwibuka/article/minisiteri-ya-siporo-yashyizeho-amabwiriza-yihariye-mu-gihe-cyo-kwibuka</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/kwibuka28-minisiteri-ya-siporo-yashyizeho-amabwiriza-agenga-ibikorwa-bya-siporo</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/09/guverinoma-yahagaritse-umunyamabanga-uhoraho-muri-minisiteri-ya-siporo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-06 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306142111/https://umuseke.rw/2022/09/guverinoma-yahagaritse-umunyamabanga-uhoraho-muri-minisiteri-ya-siporo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/umuyobozi-wa-siporo-muri-minisiteri-ya-siporo-yasezeye/</ref><ref>https://radiotv10.rw/uwari-umuyobozi-wa-siporo-muri-minisiteri-ya-siporo-yasezeye/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Minisitiri]] od2dz8aeru9jw9w5n7osw720rnrgdld Forzza Volleyball Tournament 0 14696 137473 99901 2026-09-15T15:18:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137473 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pabellón cubierto de Chapín - IMG 20171209 132559 735.jpg|thumb|Forzza volleyball]] '''Forzza Volleyball Tournament''' ni irushanwa ngaruka mwaka rikinwa mu byiciro 4. ni irushanwa ritegurwa Na [[FRVB]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni irushanwa riteguwe mu rwego rwo gukomeza gufasha amakipe n’abakinnyi kuzamura urwego rw'imikinire. Forzza Volleyball Tournament ni irushanwa riteguwe ribera ahantu hatandukanye, icyiciro cya 2 kizabera Gisagara, ndetse ibindi byiciro 2 bya nyuma bizabera mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]]. Ikipe itwara irushanwa ni ikipe iba yagize igiteranyo cya manota menshi mu byiciro byose 4 biteranije hanyuma ikaba iya mbere . Ikipe ya Gisagara Volleyball Club ya bagabo niyo yegukanye igihembo na [[APR WVC]] y'abagore ryari rimaze ukwezi.<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/gisagara-vc-na-apr-vc-zegukanye-forzza-volleyball-tournament-2021</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112499/forzza-volleyball-tournament-gisagara-vc-na-uvc-wvc-zegukanye-agace-ka-mbere-112499.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/irushanwa-rya-forzza-volleyball-rigeze-ku-gace-ka-3-gisagara-yamaze-kwizera-igikombe</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/gisagara-vc-na-apr-wvc-zegukanye-irushanwa-rya-forzza-volleyball-2021</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/gisagara-na-uvc-zahigitse-reg-na-apr-zegukana-igice-cya-mbere-cya-forzza-volleyball-tournament-2021</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/amafoto-gisagara-vc-mu-bagabo-ndetse-na-uvc-mu-bagore-begukanye-igice-cya-mbere-cyirushanwa-rya-forzza-volleyball-tournament-2021/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] 1tv1qw5a000syymuj6itkf8ni5pcfhm Memorial Rutsindura 0 14699 137591 99918 2026-09-15T16:24:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Plessis-Robinson Volley-ball - Grand Nancy Volley-Ball - LBM - 11 avril 2017 - 06.jpg|thumb|Rutsindura]] '''Rutsindura Alphonse''' yavutse mu 1958 ahitwa i Ndora mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara|Karere ka Gisagara]], yiga amashuri yisumbuye muri Seminari ya Karubanda, amashuri ya kaminuza ayiga muri IPN Institut Pédagogique National i [[Butare]]. Rutsindura Alphonse yabaye :<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/200400/Sports/volleyball-amemorial-rutsinduraa-returns-after-two-years</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/memorial-rutsindura-2022-reg-vc-na-gisagara-vc-zageze-ku-mukino-wa-nyuma</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/memorial-rutsindura-amakipe-37-ni-yo-amaze-kwemeza-ko-azitabira-irushanwa</ref> * umwarimu w’umuziki n’ikilatini mu Iseminari ya karubanda aba umusifuzi muri volleyball , * aba umutoza w’ikipe ya Seminari kuva 1983 kugeza 1994, * aba umutoza mukuru w’ikipe y’Igihugu y’abagore 1988 kugeza 1990. * yanabaye Visi Perezida wa [[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]] mu [[Rwanda]]([[FRVB]]), * aba n’umutoza wa [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports VC]] mu mwaka wa 1990. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202206200047.html</ref> Rutsindura yishwe muri [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994]] hamwe n'umuryango we. ni irushanwa ritegurwa ni ishuti hamwe n’ihuriro ry’abize muri i Seminari ya Karubanda (ASEVIF). Ni irushanwa rihuza abakinnyi batandukanye ba Volleyball yo mu nzu (indoorvolleyball), ndetse n’iyo ku mucanga (beach volleyball). Ndetse muri iri rushanwa hakinwa na Beach Volleyball .<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/06/gisagara-uvc-are-the-champions-of-memorial-rutsindura-2022/</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/gisagara-vc-na-uvc-zegukanye-irushanwa-memorial-rutsindura</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/amakipe-33-amaze-kwiyandikisha-kuzitabira-memorial-rutsindura</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] fa1hc3p0lc56au9qoz9jy41fjg2xp6k Irushanwa ry'Abasora neza 0 14702 137329 99912 2026-09-15T14:25:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137329 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sports_Day_-_Parents'_Volleyball.jpg|thumb|Umukino wa Volleyball]] [[Dosiye:Paris Volley vs Tours Volley Ball - Championnat de France - 27 avril 2016 - 21.JPG|thumb|Irushanwa]] '''Irushanwa ry'Abasora neza''' ( Taxpayers Appreciation Volleyball Tournament ) ni irushanwa ngarukamwaka rigamije gushimira abasora neza mu kigo cy'imisoro n'amahoro mu [[Rwanda]], ritegurwa na ( Rwanda Revenue authority, RRA) hamwe [[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]] mu [[Rwanda]] (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation, '''FRVB''', , riratangira kuri uyu wa Gatandatu wa taliki 19 ugushyingo 2022. Niirushanwa ryitabirwa n’amakipe asanzwe akina mu kiciro cya mbere muri shampiyona ya Volleyball mu [[Rwanda]]. Irushanwa ry'Abasora neza riheruka kuba ryari ryatwawe na ikipe ya RRA mu [[Umugore|bagore]]. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/2832/sports/volleyball/volleyball-reg-apr-crowned-champions-of-taxpayers-tourney</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/reg-vc-na-apr-vc-zegukanye-irushanwa-ry-abasora-neza-muri-volleyball</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-irushanwa-rya-taxpayers-riratangira-mu-mpera-z-iki-cyumweru</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/volleyball-amakipe-akina-%C2%BD-cy-irushanwa-ry-abasore-neza-yamenyekanye</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/volleyball-ikipe-y-u-rwanda-y-abagore-yageze-muri-1-2-cya-shampiyona-y-afurika</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/taxpayers-appreciation-volleyball-tournament-amakipe-yamenye-amatsinda</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/11/countdown-a-weekend-of-taxpayers-appreciation-tournament-is-here/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] n1fqblxi71d2nos3grc3nqno7k5vtue Ikoranabuhanga ku icyangobwa cy’ubutaka 0 14703 137412 110402 2026-09-15T14:53:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137412 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imiringoti.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka]] [[Dosiye:Isuka.jpg|thumb|gupima ubutaka batera Borne]] [[Dosiye:Ubutaka - umurima.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] Ikigo gishinzwe Ubutaka mu [[Rwanda]] (National Land Authority/NLA)cyatangije itangwa ry’ibyangombwa-koranabuhanga by’ubutaka (e-title), bikaba byitezweho kuruhura abaturage mu ngendo bakoraga bajya kubishakira ku Murenge cyangwa ku Karere. == Tumenye Ibyangombwa-koranabuhanga by'ubutaka == Gahunda yo gutangiza itangwa ry’ibyangombwa-koranabuhanga yabereye i Kigali kuri uyu wa Gtanu tariki 6 Mutarama mu mwaka 2023, yitabirwa n’Abayobozi b’inzego zinyuranye barimo ba Guverineri.Akenshi biragoye kugira ngo we gukora byibura ingendo ebyiri, eshatu, kugeza igihe ubonera ibyangombwa by’ubutaka, hari ingendo ukora ujya gushaka umukozi ubishinzwe, izo ukora ujya gushaka umukozi w’Irembo, ibyo byose noneho ubu wabikorera aho wicaye.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/hatangiye-gutangwa-icyangombwa-koranabuhanga-cy-ubutaka</ref>bavuga ko 80% by’ibibazo abaturage bahura na byo mu nzego z’ibanze bishingiye ku butaka, ndetse ko umuturage yajyaga abona icyangombwa cy’ubutaka akoze ingendo zitari munsi y’eshatu ku Murenge.Umuyobozi Mukuru wa NLA,avuga ko urugendo umuturage azajya akora ari urwo kujya kuzuza impapuro z’ihererekanya gusa, ahasigaye akazajya ategereza ubutumwa kuri telefone bumumenyesha ko ibyangombwa byabonetse. == Icyo byafashije == Ikigo NLA cyishimira kandi ko kitazongera gukoresha impapuro mu gucapa ibyangombwa by’ubutaka, ndetse ko amafaranga 5,000Frw yo kubicapisha umuturage atazongera kuyatanga.Umuturage ashobora kwibonera (download) icyangombwa cye akoresheje telefone igezweho (Smart phone) cyangwa mudasobwa, byaba na ngombwa akajya kugicapisha(printing), udafite ubwo buryo akaba yajya ku bakozi b’Irembo bakabimukorera.<ref name=":0" />Bavuga kandi ko kutajya gufata ibyangombwa by’ubutaka mu nzego za Leta ari igisubizo ku baturage no ku bakozi batabonekeraga igihe, ndetse ko byatangaga icyuho cya ruswa.Ikindi kibazo abayobozi bavuga ko bikemuye, ni ikijyanye n’imanza zishingiye ku butaka, aho abantu ngo bajyaga bigana impapuro z’ubutaka bakagurisha imitungo y’abandi, ba nyirayo batabizi.Kuva aho gahunda yo guca ibibanza no kwandika ubutaka ku bantu cyangwa ku bigo binyuranye itangiriye mu mwaka wa 2013,Mu [[Rwanda]] ngo hamaze kugaragara ibibanza birenga miliyoni 11 n’ibihumbi 600.Ikigo cy’Ubutaka kivuga kandi ko imiterere y’ibyangombwa bishya izatuma amabanki yoroherwa no kwandikisha ingwate z’abakiriya bayo, kuko amakuru y’ubutaka yose abasha kuboneka byoroshye. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] gc6ynvvvaysxewmdawajxb68ly0lf4h REG Volleyball Club 0 14712 137456 128026 2026-09-15T15:15:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137456 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Plessis-Robinson Volley-ball - Grand Nancy Volley-Ball - LBM - 11 avril 2017 - 06.jpg|thumb|REG VC]] '''REG VC''' cyangwa REG Volleyball Club (The Rwanda Energy Group Limited Volleyball Club) ni ikipe ya volleyball ya [[Umugabo|bagabo]] ishingiye ku kigo cy'igihugu cya mashanyarazi. REG Volleyball Club ikaba ibarizwa mu [[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]] mu [[Rwanda]] (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation, [[FRVB]]), REG yakinnye amarushanwa atandukanye yimbere mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] ndetse n'amarushanwa mpuza mahanga, yatwaye ibikombe bitandukanye nka . <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-irushanwa-rya-taxpayers-riratangira-mu-mpera-z-iki-cyumweru</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/taxpayers-appreciation-volleyball-tournament-amakipe-yamenye-amatsinda</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/amafoto-450-yaranze-imikino-y-amatsinda-ya-taxpayers-appreciation-volleyball</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/11/countdown-a-weekend-of-taxpayers-appreciation-tournament-is-here/</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/ishyirahamwe-ryumukino-wintoki-ya-volleyball-rifatanyije-na-rwanda-revenue-authority-hateguwe-irushanwa-ryo-gushimira-abasora-neza/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/ikipe-ya-reg-volleyball-club-yamaze-kubona-umutoza-mukuru</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/gisagara-vc-yisanze-mu-itsinda-rimwe-na-port-douala-yo-muri-cameroon</ref><ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/reg-vc-yatahanye-umwanya-wa-cyenda-nyuma-yo-gutsinda-apr-muri-shampiyona</ref> * Taxpayers Appreciation Volleyball Tournament.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/2832/sports/volleyball/volleyball-reg-apr-crowned-champions-of-taxpayers-tourney</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/reg-vc-na-apr-vc-zegukanye-irushanwa-ry-abasora-neza-muri-volleyball</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/122867/volleyball-irushanwa-ryo-gushimira-abasora-ryagarutse-ku-nshuro-ya-2-122867.html</ref> * irushanwa ry'Intwari, Heroes day tournament<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/volleyball-reg-yasubiriye-gisagara-apr-isubira-forefront/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307122917/https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/volleyball-reg-yasubiriye-gisagara-apr-isubira-forefront/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Yatwaye champions mumyaka wa 2018 / 2019<ref>https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/sport/volleyball-reg-re-appoint-marshal-kwizera-as-new-head-coach</ref> * Carre d'As 2019 <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/91450/volleyball-reg-vc-yatwaye-irushanwa-rya-carre-das-2019-itsinze-utb-yatwaye-igikombe-mu-bag-91450.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] 7ioikdshjmm3gjjnolpmqy3c4vn2q35 KVC 0 14726 137301 131762 2026-09-15T14:22:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137301 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Match de volley ball.jpg|thumb|kvc|330x330px]] '''KVC''' ( Kigali Volleyball Club ) ni ikipe yabigize umwuga mu mukino w'amaboko wa volleyball, KVC ikina shampiyona itegurwa n '[[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]] mu [[Rwanda]] (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation[[FRVB|, FRVB)]]. KVC igira amakipe abili, ikipe ya [[Umugabo|bagabo]] ndetse ni kipe [[Umugore|bagore]] na [[Umugore|bakobwa]]. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/nyuma-y-imyaka-ine-kvc-yarasenyutse-yagarutse</ref><ref>https://betsapi.com/r/1514224/KVC-Women-vs-IPRC-Huye-Women</ref><ref>https://moovitapp.com/index/en/public_transit-KVC_Hawaii_Volleyball_Club_Kealahou_Volleyball_Club-Honolulu_HI-site_150980915-1144</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://volleybox.net/clubs/RW |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307162221/https://volleybox.net/clubs/RW |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1029953/kigali</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusarenews.com/story/rwanda-shampiyona-y%E2%80%99umukino-wa-volleyball-igiye-gukinwa-mu-mezi-abiri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307162221/https://www.umusarenews.com/story/rwanda-shampiyona-y%E2%80%99umukino-wa-volleyball-igiye-gukinwa-mu-mezi-abiri |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/110007</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/volleyball-marshal-wakiniraga-reg-vc-yahagaritse-gukina-agirwa-umutoza-mukuru-wa-gisagara-vc</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1294541/kavc-collapse-kigali-burundi</ref><ref>https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/sport/volleyball-league-set-to-start-on-july-16</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusarenews.com/story/rwanda-shampiyona-y%E2%80%99umukino-wa-volleyball-igiye-gukinwa-mu-mezi-abiri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307162221/https://www.umusarenews.com/story/rwanda-shampiyona-y%E2%80%99umukino-wa-volleyball-igiye-gukinwa-mu-mezi-abiri |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://finixsports.wordpress.com/tag/kigali-volleyball-club-kvc/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/55571/Sports/volleyball-league-throws-off</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/11/volleyball-federation-resumes-sports-activities-with-new-tournament/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/02/rra-gisagara-clubs-win-heroes-volleyball-tournament/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307162221/https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/02/rra-gisagara-clubs-win-heroes-volleyball-tournament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71512/volleyball-ikipe-y-igihugu-y-abakobwa-71512.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/umujyi-wa-kigali-wemeje-ko-ufasha-gasogi-united/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307162222/https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/umujyi-wa-kigali-wemeje-ko-ufasha-gasogi-united/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/mukunzi-wahawe-shampiyona-yigihugu-ya-volleyball-ni-muntu-ki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307162222/https://menyanibi.rw/mukunzi-wahawe-shampiyona-yigihugu-ya-volleyball-ni-muntu-ki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/shampiyona-ya-volleyball-iratangira-inatek-vc-ifite-igikombe-yakira-iprc-south/</ref> * yitabiriye [[Irushanwa ry’Intwari|Irushanwa ry'intwali]] .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/02/rra-gisagara-clubs-win-heroes-volleyball-tournament/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307162221/https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/02/rra-gisagara-clubs-win-heroes-volleyball-tournament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Shampiyona ya volleyball mu Rwanda.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202205170281.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] j39mhc1kcxbh0ftzsf8zqeq60y1afdt UTB VC 0 14735 137354 118798 2026-09-15T14:30:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Volley ball at Makerere University.jpg|thumb|UTB VC]] '''UTB VC''' (University of Tourism, Technology and Business Studies Volleyball Club ) ni [[ikipe]] ya maboko ya volleyball, ikipe ifite icyicaro gikuru giherereye ku Kicukiro kuri Sonatube, UTB VC igira amakipe 2 aya [[Umugabo|bagabo]] n’iya [[Umugore|bagore]]. UTB VC ni ikipe ikina shampiyona ya volleyball muri marushanwa ategurwa n'[[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]] mu [[Rwanda]], [[FRVB]] (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation) yabaye iya gatatu mu mwaka w’imikino ushize 2018 kugeza 2019 harimo igikombe cy’akarere ka gatanu. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/utb-vc-mu-isura-nshya-n-intego-nshya-amafoto</ref><ref>https://www.utb.ac.rw/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/tayson-wakiniraga-utb-yamaze-kwerekeza-muri-gisagara-vc</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/utb-vc-mu-isura-nshya-n-intego-nshya-amafoto</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/imibereho/article/niyomukesha-ukinira-rra-vc-yasezeranye-mu-mategeko-n-umwe-mu-bayobozi-ba-utb-vc</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/90254/volleyball-rra-na-utb-vc-zatsindiye-kuzahurira-mu-mikino-ya-nyuma-ya-playoffs-amafoto-90254.html</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/volleyball-reg-vc-yizeye-kwitwara-neza-imbere-ya-utb-vc</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/utb-vc-yasinyishije-mukunzi-christophe-amafoto</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/memorial-kayumba-ya-2021-ntikibaye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307211815/https://www.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/memorial-kayumba-ya-2021-ntikibaye |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/55328-2/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/mucyo-philbert-umuyobozi-mu-ikipe-ya-utb-yasezeranye-n-umukunzi-we-ukinira-rra-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307211816/http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/mucyo-philbert-umuyobozi-mu-ikipe-ya-utb-yasezeranye-n-umukunzi-we-ukinira-rra-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/03/volleyball-gisagara-vc-coach-nyirimana-resigns/</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Mu-mukino-w-ishiraniro-APR-VC-itsinze-UTB-VC-yegukana-igikombe-cya-shampiyona</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] rd18vx7z669a6hm78zh1dg5tobvsoum INATEK VC 0 14752 137518 127278 2026-09-15T15:53:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137518 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Match de volley ball.jpg|thumb|INATEK VC]] '''INATEK VC''' ( Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Education of Kibungo Volleyball Club ) cyangwa INATEK Volleyball Club ni [[ikipe]] ya [[Umugabo|bagabo]] ya kaminuza ya INATEK mu [[Rwanda]]. INATEK VC ikina imukino ya maboko wa volleyball muri shampiyona itegurwa n'[[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu bagabo, [[FRVB]] (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation ). INATEK VC yatwaye ibikombe bitandukanye nkaho iherutse gutwara. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/Umutoza-wa-INATEK-afite-intego-yo-gutwara-igikombe-cya-Volleyball</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/unik-inatek-yatsinzwe-imikino-yose-itwara-igikombe</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/70695/volleyball-unik-vc-na-rra-zegukanye-irushanwa-rya-carre-d-ac-70695.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/72921/bizaba-ari-ibicika-hagati-ya-unik-na-gisagara-vc-ku-munsi-wa-72921.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/volleyball-prof-lwakabamba-yizeje-unik-vc-kuzasohokera-u-rwanda-mu-mikino-nyafurika.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308102821/https://ar.umuseke.rw/volleyball-prof-lwakabamba-yizeje-unik-vc-kuzasohokera-u-rwanda-mu-mikino-nyafurika.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/volleyball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308102820/https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/volleyball |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/volleyball-inatek-na-rayon-sports-ziracyahatanira-igikombe</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/volleyball-u23-hahamagaye-ikipe-yigihugu-yo-gushaka-itike-yigikombe-cyisi.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308102820/https://ar.umuseke.rw/volleyball-u23-hahamagaye-ikipe-yigihugu-yo-gushaka-itike-yigikombe-cyisi.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/umunyabigwi-w-ikipe-y-igihugu-yagizwe-umutoza-wa-reg-vc</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/2020/06/30/kaminuza-ya-kibungo-inatek-yafunzwe-burundu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308102820/https://www.intyoza.com/2020/06/30/kaminuza-ya-kibungo-inatek-yafunzwe-burundu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/64319/rayon-sports-yihanije-mukeba-wayo-apr-yongera-kwegukana-igikombe-64319.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/69268/volleyball-imikino-yo-kwibuka-iratangira-kuri-uyu-wa-gatanda-69268.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/kibungo-aerg-inatek-yaremeye-imiryango-ibiri-amabati-nibiribwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308104329/https://panorama.rw/kibungo-aerg-inatek-yaremeye-imiryango-ibiri-amabati-nibiribwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * yatwaye shampiyona y’abagabo mu volleyball ya 2014 / 2015<ref>https://rushyashya.net/shampiyona-ya-volleyball-iratangira-inatek-vc-ifite-igikombe-yakira-iprc-south/</ref><ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/70695/volleyball-unik-vc-na-rra-zegukanye-irushanwa-rya-carre-d-ac-70695.html</ref> * Carre d'ace.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe ya volleyball]] glnv5kf0wce5cwdectwiybof2q3gb7v Gisagara VC 0 14758 137474 133351 2026-09-15T15:18:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137474 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:L'attaque du pointu.jpg|thumb|Gisagara VC]] '''Gisagara VC''' ( Gisagara Volleyball Club ) cyangwa Gisagara Volleyball Club ni [[ikipe]] ya [[Umugabo|bagabo]] ikina imikino ya volleyball ibarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara|karere ka Gisakara]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gisagara VC ikina imukino ya maboko wa volleyball muri shampiyona itegurwa n'[[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu bagabo, [[FRVB]] (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation ). Gisagara VC yatwaye ibikombe bitandukanye nkaho iherutse gutwara. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/gisagara-vc-na-rra-vc-zegukanye-ibikombe-muri-gisaka-open</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/nyirimana-fidele-wari-umutoza-wa-gisagara-vc-yeguye</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/03/nyirimana-fidele-yatandukanye-na-gisagara-vc/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308113820/https://umuseke.rw/2023/03/nyirimana-fidele-yatandukanye-na-gisagara-vc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/03/volleyball-gisagara-vc-coach-nyirimana-resigns/</ref><ref>https://www.the-sports.org/volleyball-gisagara-vc-results-identity-equ96186.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/124640/intambara-ya-gisagara-vc-na-reg-vc-yambukiranyije-umwaka-amafoto-124640.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thedrum.rw/tag/gisagara-vc/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308113824/https://thedrum.rw/tag/gisagara-vc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/148494/Sports/gisagara-vc-confirm-sibomana-signing</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/volleyallgisagara-vc-yakoze-amateka-yegukana-umudari-mu-mikino-nyafurika |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308113828/https://www.thechoicelive.com/volleyallgisagara-vc-yakoze-amateka-yegukana-umudari-mu-mikino-nyafurika |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Meya-Rutaburingoga-yemeza-ko-Gisagara-VC-itanga-icyizere-cy-iterambere-ry</ref> === Amarushanwa yo hanze y'igihugu === Gisagara volleyball club yitabiriye irushanwa rya AFRICAN VOLLEYBALL CLUBS CHAMPIONSHIPS Rihuza amakipe ya volleyball akomeye muri African === Intego yishimgwa rya Gisagara volleyball club === Gutoza no kuzamura Impano zabakiri bato. Guteza imbere Amarushanwa y'abakiri bato. Gutuma abatutage benci bashishikazwa na volleyball Kumenyekanisha akarere binyuze muri Volleyball Gisagara volleyball club yashinzwe murwego rwo kuzamura Impano murubyiruko rutuye Mu karere ka Gisagara [[Dosiye:Mikasa_VLS300_official_beach_volleyball.jpg|thumb|Umupira wa volleyball]] === Ibikombe === * [[Gisaka International Volleyball Tournament|'''Gisaka''' International Volleyball Tournament]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-ikipe-ya-gisagara-vc-niya-rra-vc-ni-zo-zegukanye-gisaka-open/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306194606/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-ikipe-ya-gisagara-vc-niya-rra-vc-ni-zo-zegukanye-gisaka-open/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusarenews.com/story/amakipe-ya-gisagara-vc-na-rra-vc-yegukanye-ibikombe-muri-gisaka-open |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307030212/https://www.umusarenews.com/story/amakipe-ya-gisagara-vc-na-rra-vc-yegukanye-ibikombe-muri-gisaka-open |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Shampiyona ya Volleyball mu mwaka w'imikino itandukanye 2016-2017 na 2017-2018.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/gisagara-vc-na-apr-wvc-zegukanye-agace-ka-mbere-ka-shampiyona-ya-volleyball</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/gisagara-vc-na-apr-wvc-zegukanye-agace-ka-mbere-ka-shampiyona-muri-volleyball</ref> * Umwanya wa 3 muri shampiyona ya [[Afurika]] y'amakipe ya volleyball <ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/gisagara-vc-yakoze-amateka-muri-shampiyona-ya-afurika-y-amakipe</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/gisagara-vc-yakoze-amateka-muri-shampiyona-ya-afurika-y-amakipe</ref> * [[Forzza Volleyball Tournament]]<ref>https://radiotv10.rw/gisagara-vc-yatsinze-reg-vc-yegukana-igice-cya-mbere-cya-forzza-volleyball-tournament-2021/</ref> * [[Irushanwa ry’Intwari|irushanwa Ry’ubutwari]]<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/bigoranye-reg-vc-yatsinze-gisagara-vc-yegukana-irushanwa-ry-intwari-amafoto</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-begukanye-igikombe-cyirushanwa-ryubutwari-2023-mu-mukino-wa-volleyball/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe ya volleyball]] f05to2u045x4ra3x1orcdcmionidnhs Akumuntu Kavalo Patrick 0 14764 137669 127884 2026-09-15T16:51:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akumuntu Kavalo Patrick''' Ni umunyarwanda akaba umukinnyi wa [[siporo]] ya maboko ya volleyball wabigize umwuga. avalo Patrick yakinnye imikono ya beach Valleyball yo kumucanga aho yakinanaga na mukuruwe [[Ndamukunda Flavien]]. Kavalo Patrick yakiniye amakipe atandukanye, <ref>Akumuntu.jpg</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/Ikiganiro-na-Akumuntu-Kavalo-Patrick-wakundishijwe-volleyball-na-mukuru-we</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/176440/Sports/ai-didnat-see-it-cominga-a-patrick-kavalo-on-his-volleyball-stardom</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/abakinnyi-b-abavandimwe-ndamukunda-flavier-na-kavalo-patrick-mu-gahinda-gakomeye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121913/https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/abakinnyi-b-abavandimwe-ndamukunda-flavier-na-kavalo-patrick-mu-gahinda-gakomeye |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/tag/patrick-kavalo-akumuntu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121914/https://guardian.ng/tag/patrick-kavalo-akumuntu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230308121913/https://ibicu.com/abakinnyi-babavandimwe-bakomeye-muri-vollebal-yu-rwanda-bari-mu-gahinda-kenshi/</ref><ref>[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/84470/volleyball-akumuntu-patrick-kavalo-yasubiye-muri-gisagara-vc-84470.html#! https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/84470/volleyball-akumuntu-patrick-kavalo-yasubiye-muri-gisagara-vc-84470.html#!]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/kavalo-na-flavien-bari-mu-gahinda-ko-kubura-umubyeyi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308095229/https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/kavalo-na-flavien-bari-mu-gahinda-ko-kubura-umubyeyi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/abakinnyi-flavier-na-patrick-bari-mu-gahinda-ko-kubura-umubyeyi</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/akumuntu-kavalo-patrick-yabimburiye-abandi-kongera-amasezerano-muri-gisagara-vc</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202005080071.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yawetv.com/2022/05/05/gisagara-volleyball-club-yafashe-rutemikirere-kuri-uyu-wa-kane-yerekeza-muri-tunisie-mu-marushanwa-mpuzamahanga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308100732/https://yawetv.com/2022/05/05/gisagara-volleyball-club-yafashe-rutemikirere-kuri-uyu-wa-kane-yerekeza-muri-tunisie-mu-marushanwa-mpuzamahanga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://radiotv10.rw/ikipe-zu-rwanda-muri-beach-volleyball-zerekeje-muri-maroc-gushaka-itike-yimikino-olempike/</ref> * Mu mwaka wa 2010/2011, shampiyona mu ikipe ya kaminuza yitwa KIE (Kigali Institute of Education), * 2012 muri INATEK yahindutse UNIK (University of Kibungo), aho nakinnye imyaka ibiri, * 2014 yakinaga muri Lycée de Nyanza, * 2015-2016 yari umukinnyi muri INATEK, * 2017 yakinaga muri Gisagara VC, * 2018 yakinaga muri [[UTB VC]], * mu mwaka wa 2019 ngaruka muri Gisagara VC.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Volleyball]] f3lqrg3c6mhgkwu6gn2i2qbihra6olw Umunsi mpuzamahanga w’Umurimo 0 14767 137432 126784 2026-09-15T14:56:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137432 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Guhinga.jpg|thumb|Umurimo]] [[Dosiye:Intebe zigezweho.jpg|thumb|Imirimo muri Rusange]] [[Dosiye:May Day 2012 (7135360303).jpg|thumb|Umunsi mpuza mahanga w'umurimo wizihizwa kua 1 Gicurasi burimwaka]] Ku itariki ya 1 Gicurasi buri mwaka, ni umunsi mpuzamahanga w’umurimo. Ni umwanya Isi yose irushaho kuzirikana ko umurimo n’ishoramari ari byo byonyine bibyara ubukungu, iyo bikoranwe ubwitange n’ubuhanga bya ngombwa. Uyu munsi wongeye kwizihizwa abakozi bo mu Rwanda bagihanze amaso Leta ibyerekeranye no kugena umushahara fatizo nk’uko itegeko rigenga umurimo ribivuga. == Ibyo wamenya ku Umusi mpuzamahanga w'Umurimo == Umunsi mpuzamahanga w’abakozi ufite inkomoko ku cyiswe “Haymarket affair”, iyi ikaba ari imyigaragambyo yabereye i Chicago mu 1886 aho abakozi baharaniraga ko amasaha y’akazi yagabanywa akava kuri 12 akagirwa umunani ku munsi.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-impamvu-tariki-ya-1-gigurasi-yagizwe-umunsi-mpuzamahanga-w-umurimo</ref>Uyu munsi benshi bakunze kwita “May day” cyangwa (umunsi wa Gicurasi) waje kugirwa umunsi mpuzamahanga mu 1889 mu nama mpuzamahanga ya mbere yabereye i Paris mu Bufaransa.Iyi nama yari yatumijwe ivuga ku kinyejana cyari gishize habaye impinduramatwara, byahuriranye n’imurikabikorwa Mpuzamahanga ryagaragazaga ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa byagezweho mu nzego zitandukanye, yaba ikoranabuhanga, ubumenyi n’ubugeni.Ingingo ya 68 y’Itegeko rigenga Umurimo mu [[Rwanda]] ryo mu 2018, ivuga neza ko Iteka rya Minisitiri ufite umurimo mu nshingano ze rigena umushahara fatizo. Iyo ngingo yari no mu Itegeko rigenga Umurimo ryasimbuwe mu 2018 n’iririho ubu. Ryarinze risimburwa nta teka rya Minisitiri rigiyeho.Mu 2018, igihe Abadepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko batoraga Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu [[Rwanda]] ririho ubu, basabye bakomeje ko Amateka ya Minisitiri arishyira mu bikorwa agomba guhita ajyaho.<ref name=":1">https://mobile.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/umunsi-mpuzamahanga-w-umurimo-abakozi-bo-mu-rwanda-baracyategereje-umushahara</ref>Amenshi mu Mateka ya Minisitiri ashyira mu bikorwa iryo Tegeko yamaze kujyaho. Hari amateka abiri agitegerejwe : irigomba kugena ibyerekeranye n’imyandikire y’amasendika mu Rwanda, n’irigena umushahara fatizo hashingiwe ku byiciro binyuranye by’imirimo. [[Dosiye:May Day - Munkáspárt.jpg|thumb|Ibirori byo kwizihiza Umunsi mpuza mahanga w'umurimo cyangwa (May Day) ]] == Ibindi wamenya == Mu bihugu byinshi urwego rw’abakozi rwaharaniye ko tariki ya mbere Gicurasi yagirwa umunsi w’ikiruhuko bigerwaho, hakanibukwa abazize guharanira uburenganzira bw’abakozi mu myigaragambyo y’i Chicago.Uwo munsi wakomeje kuba umunsi ukomeye mu bihugu nk’u [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], Koreya y’Amajyarugu, Cuba n’u [[Uburusiya|Burusiya]], aho hakorwa imihango ikomeye yo kuwizihiza muri ibyo bihugu.Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za [[Amerika]] na [[Canada]] ho, uyu munsi wizihizwa byemewe mu kwezi kwa cyenda. Impamvu wizihizwa iyi tariki itandukanye n’inkomoko yawo igaturuka ko nyuma y’iyicwa ry’abigaragambyaga i Chicago, Perezida wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], Grover Cleveland yatinye ko kwizihiza uyu munsi ku itariki nyiri izina byaba uburyo bwo gutuma hibukwa ubwicanyi bwabaye nk’aho bishwe na Leta, kuko bishwe na Polisi.Umunsi mpuzamhanga w’abakozi wizihizwa byemewe n’amategeko tariki ya mbere Gicurasi buri mwaka mu bihugu birenga 80 harimo n’u Rwanda.<ref name=":0" />Mu [[Rwanda]], hatangwa ikiruhuko ku bakozi, hakanatoranywa umukozi wakoze neza kurusha abandi muri uwo mwaka mu bigo bimwe na bimwe akabishimirwa.Ntawe utabona iterambere u [[Rwanda]] rukomeza kugeraho, mu bikorwaremezo, muri za serivisi, mu mibereho myiza, mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibindi. Ibyo byose ntibyajyaga gushoboka hatabayeho imbaraga, ubwitange n’ubunyamwuga by’abakozi.Habaye hariho utekereza ko atari ngombwa guha abakozi agahimbazamusyi, kubera ko nyine basanzwe batanga umusaruro ushimishije, byaba ari ukwibeshya, kuko niba uyu munsi baharanira kuzuza inshingano zabo, byaba akarusho ku bigo bakoramo no ku gihugu abo bakozi baramutse babihembewe, bakabishimirwa uko bikwiriye.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] b9rub4j99dedq71i9t0uuxbrv1eshtn Indwara ya Trichomonas 0 14896 137695 111424 2026-09-15T16:54:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137695 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Trichomonas LifeCycle.gif|thumb|Indwara ya Trichomonas nuko ihererekanwa.]] [[Dosiye:Penile-Clitoral Structure.JPG|thumb|igishushanyo cyigitsinagabo]] [[Dosiye:Trichomoniasi01.JPG|thumb|Indwara ya tricomoniasis]] [[Dosiye:Condom rolled.jpg|thumb|Udukingirizo dukoreshwa nkimwe munzira yo kwirinda tricomoniasis]] [[Dosiye:Trichomonas vaginalis infection - phase contrast.mpg|thumb|trocomonasi]] Trichomonas ni indwara iterwa n’indiririzi yitwa ‘trichomonas vaginalis’ ikaba ikunze gufata mu myanya myibarukiro y’abagore bafite hagati y’imyaka 16-35.Trichomoniasis, indwara ishobora gutera gukuramo inda iyo itavuwe neza. == Tumenye Indwara ya Trichomonas == [[Dosiye:Mons-pubis-anatomical-location-in-female-reproductive-system.png|thumb|umugore]] Trichomonas (tirikomonasi) ni indwara yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, ikaba iterwa n’agakoko kitwa ‘’Trichomonas vaginalis’’ yibasira umubare munini w’abantu ku isi, aho abasaga miliyoni 143 bandura buri mwaka, ni ukuvuga ubwandu bushya, nkuko bigaragazwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS).Iyo ndwara yibasira cyane abagore, gusa n’abagabo barayandura iyo bakoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye n’abagore bayanduye.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/indwara/article/sobanukirwa-uko-indwara-ya-trichomonas-yandura</ref>Iyi ndwara iterwa n’isuku nke ihererekanwa binyuze mu gutizanya imyenda y’imbere, kutayisukura neza n’imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye.Ku mugore iyi ndwara irangwa no kubabara igihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina, kwishimagura mu matako, kuzana ibintu bisohoka mu gitsina bisa n’umuhondo, kwishima mu gitsina ndetse rimwe na rimwe hakabyimba.Ni mu gihe umugabo uyirwaye agira ububabare nyuma yo kwihagarika, kwishimagura ku gitsina kandi rimwe na rimwe hakagira ibintu bisohoka mu gitsina.Igitabo ‘Larousse Medical’ kigaragaza ko indiririzi itera trichomonas igira ubukana bujya kumera nk’ubw’itera amibe ari nayo mpamvu kuyivura usanga bikunze kugorana.Iyo itavuwe neza, trichomonas ishobora kugira ingaruka zirimo kuba umugore uyirwaye mu gihe asamye ashobora kubyara umwana udashyitse cyangwa akavuka afite ibiro bike, kuba nyababyeyi yasaduka n’ibindi.Imibare y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima, OMS, igaragaza ko buri mwaka abantu miliyoni 160 ku Isi bandura trichomonas.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/indwara/article/menya-byinshi-kuri-trichomonas-n-umuti-wa-ny-shengina-wagufasha-kuyihashya</ref> == Ibimenyetso by'Indwara ya Trichomonas == Ibimenyetso bya Trichomonas ku bagore Mu gitsina havamo ururenda rwinshi rufite ibara rijya kuba icyatsi kandi runuka cyane ( Pertes verdâtres),Kumva ububabare mu gihe cyo kwihagarika,Kumva uburyaryate no kwishimagura mu gitsina, Kubangamirwa mu gihe cyo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina,Kumva ububabare bwinshi mu kiziba cy’inda,Ibimenyetso bya Trichomonas ku bagabo,Guhisha no kumva ububabare ku mutwe w’igitsina,Guhisha no kumva ububabare ku dusabo tw’intanga,Kumva ububabare mu gihe cyo kwihagarika no kuzana ururenda kuri bamwe.Ibyo bimenyetso akenshi birijyana hagati y’iminsi 5 na 28 ku bagore,ariko iyo bigiye ukibwira ko indwara yikijije utarigeze uyivuza neza uba wikururira ibyago bikurikira:Ku mugore utwite ingobyi y’umwana ishobora gufunguka bityo agakuramo inda.Iyo umwana avutse ayivukanye aba afite ibyago byo kutageza imyaka 5 mu gihe atavuwe.Umugore ufite iyi ndwara ahorana udusebe mu gitsina bityo kwandura SIDA bikoroha.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/trichomonas/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-09 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135310/https://umutihealth.com/trichomonas/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Uko Indwara ya Trichomonas isuzumwaIyo ndwara ipimirwa kwa muganga aho bapima inkari muri mikorosikopi, cyangwa se bagapima ururenda bakuye mu gitsina imbere ku bagore.Uburyo iyo ndwara yirindwa,Gukoresha agakingirizo igihe cyose ukoze imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abantu barenze umwe.Kwirinda guca inyuma uwo mwashakanye, niba uri ingaragu ukifata.Ku bagore, ni ukwirinda gusangira imyenda y’imbere, ibikoresho byo kogeramo, ibitambaro byo kwihanaguza, ndetse n’imisarane bicaraho ya rusange mu gihe bishoboka.Mu gihe ukeka ko wanduye ihutire kwivuza kandi ntugakore imibonano mu gihe utarakira neza. == Ibindi wamenya == Ubusanzwe iyo ivuwe hakiri kare ivurwa na metronidazole 2g cyangwa tinidazole 2g, unywera rimwe.Iyo uri kunywa iyi miti wirinda gukora imibonano no kunywa ibisembuye.Iyo bitakuvuye muganga niwe ugena imiti ukwiye gufata kandi iravurwa igakira burundu neza rwose. == Uburyo Wakirinda iyi ndwara == * Ibuka agakingirizo igihe cyose ukoze imibonano mpuzabitsina n’uwo mutashakanye.Irinde guca inyuma uwo mwashakanye, niba uri ingaragu wifate,Ku bagore, irinde gusangira imyenda y’imbere, ibikoresho byo kogeramo, ibitambaro byihanaguzwa, ndetse n’imisarane bicaraho ya rusange uyirinde mu gihe bishoboka,Mu gihe ukeka ko wanduye ihutire kwivuza kandi ntugakore imibonano mu gihe utarakira neza.Niba umenyeko wanduye bwira uwo mwakoranye imibonano nawe yivuze.Twibutseko akenshi ku mugore utwite arwaye iyi ndwara iyo inda itavuyemo umwana avuka adashyitse ibiro. Ni ngombwa rero kumwitaho cyane.Zimwe mu ngaruka zigaragazwa n’abahanga batandukanye mu by’ubuzima harimo''':'''Kuba Trichomonase isenya ingo nyinshi bitewe n’uko umwe mu bashakanye aba atakigira ubushake bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, baba banabikoze ntibanezezwe na byo kubera ububabare. Aha rero niho habaho amakimbirane mu rugo aho umwe aba atabishaka bigatuma undi atekereza ko mugenzi we amuca inyuma.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/78033/habonetse-umuti-wakuvura-trichomonase-burundu-78033.html</ref>Ikindi nuko umuntu uyirwaye akuramo inda za hato na hato, Kubyara umwana utuzuye, guhabwa akato bitewe n'umunuko ukabije umuntu aba afite.Kwirinda biruta kwivuzaNk’impuguke mu buzima rusange,Bavuga ko ari byiza ko abantu baharanira kwirinda iyi ndwara igira ingaruka nyinshi zirimo n’amakimbirane hagati y’abashakanye.By’umwihariko bashiki bacu kuko aribo ikunda kugeraho cyane turabagira inama yo kwirinda gutizanya imyenda y’imbere, ikindi igihe bayimeshe bakayanika ahantu hari izuba ryinshi ndetse byaba na ngombwa bakayitera ipasi kugira ngo bizere neza ko udukoko duto dukunze gukurira ahantu hatose kandi hijimye twapfuye.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} * [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] lngbahjqcgoixrjrtyymihcrl5eenwj Indwara y’Ifumbi 0 14902 137708 111628 2026-09-15T16:58:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137708 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Periodontitis Crónica Severa.JPG|thumb|Indwara y'ifumbi.]] [[Dosiye:Tired teeth.jpg|thumb|amenyo arwaye ifumbi]] [[Dosiye:Hyperdontia - Genetically inherited development of overcomplete teeth. 3.jpg|thumb|ifumbi]] Indwara y’ifumbi y’amenyo ni indwara yo kubyimbirwa kw’ishinya, kenshi iterwa na infection ituruka kuri bagiteri. Iyo itavuwe hakiri kare, ishobora kuba indwara ikomeye cyane yo gutangira guhunguka kw’ishinya n’amenyo (periodontitis), izi ndwara zombi ni zimwe mu ndwara zikunda kuzahaza abantu batandukanye ku isi hose. == Tumenye Indwara y’Ifumbi == [[Dosiye:20 M2P7323.jpg|thumb|Amenyo yangiritse kubera indwara y'ifumbi.]] [[Dosiye:Decayed loose human teeth.jpg|thumb|359x359px|amenyo yashiririye]] Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko byibura abagore bari hagati y’ 10 na 15% , bahura n’indwara z’ifumbi  zibasira imyanya myibarukiro y’imbere. Izi ni indwara zandura kandi ziterwa n’udukoko dutoya cyane cyane utwo mu bwoko bwa bacterie. Akenshi utu dukoko tuzamukira mu gitsina cy’umugore maze tukinjira mu myanya myibarukiro y’imbere. Mu bice bikunze gufatwa cyane n’izi ndwara harimo imiyoborantanga, Udusabo tw’intangangore, Nyababyeyi n’inkondo y’umura.Indwara y’ifumbi igaragara mu byiciro bitandukanye; iyo ugifatwa, ishinya irabyimba hanyuma igatangira kuva amaraso. Ibyo bishobora kuba mu gihe woza amenyo, cyangwa amaraso akava nta mpamvu igaragara ibiteye.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/indwara/article/menya-igitera-indwara-y-ifumbi-n-uburyo-yirindwa</ref>Isuku nke yo mu kanywa ni intandaro nyamukuru y’indwara y’ishinya abantu benshi bakunze kwita ifumbi.Indwara y’ifumbi iterwa na mikorobe zo mu bwoko bwa bagiteri, ahanini zigenda zihoma ku menyo; zibasira aho ishinya ihurira n’amenyo, ibi akenshi biterwa n’utuntu tugenda dusigara mu kanwa nyuma yo kurya ntiwoze amenyo. Iyo zitavanyweho, zishobora gutuma ishinya ibyimba.Uko iminsi igenda ihita, ishinya itangira gutandukana n’iryinyo, ibyo bigatuma za mikorobe zitangira kororokera hagati y’amenyo n’ishinya, nuko igatangira kwangirika. Iyo mikorobe zikomeje kwirundanya ku ryinyo cyangwa munsi yaryo, zikora urubobi ku  ryinyo, nuko bagiteri zikarutwikira. Nyuma y’igihe rurakomera rukarushaho gufata ku ryinyo, ntirupfe kuvaho byoroshye cyereka igihe hitabajwe abaganga.<ref name=":1">https://umutihealth.com/indwara-yifumbi/</ref>Ifumbi iyo itavuwe neza bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye ku menyo, aho atangira gutandukana n’ishinya. Si ibi gusa kuko binatera ikibazo indi mikaya ifashe amenyo n’urwasaya, nuko amenyo agatangira korohera cyane no kuba yahunguka cg akangirika bikomeye, kuburyo hitabazwa abaganga b’amenyo mu kuyakuramo. == Igitera indwara y’ifumbi == Indwara y’ifumbi iyo igifata uyirwaye, akenshi ntago ibimenyetso bihita bigaragara, biza nyuma imaze kumurenga.Abantu benshi bashobora kuyigira ariko ntibagaragaze ibimenyetso, gusa bimwe mu bigaragara ni ibikurikira:Kugira ishinya yorohereye, itukura cg ibyimbye,Ishinya izana amaraso mu gihe uri koza amenyo ukoresheje uburoso cg indodo (kanda hano usome icyo wakora mu gihe woza amenyo akazana amaraso),Ishinya itangira komoka ku menyo,Gutakaza amenyo cg kumva ajegajega, ibi bijyana no gutangira kuvunguka,Amenyo atangira gutandukana mu gihe uhekenya ibintu ibikomeye,Kugira amenyo wumva akubabaza cg ukababara mu gihe uri guhekenya, bishobora no gutuma avamo gutyo.Gucukuka kw’amenyo bitwe n’ifumbi,Kugira impumuro mbi idapfa kugenda kabone nubwo waba umaze koza amenyo,Kuzana amashyira hagati y’amenyo n’ishinya,Mu gihe ugaragaje kimwe cg byinshi mu bimenyetso tuvuze haruguru,ni ngombwa kwihutira kugana muganga w’amenyo akaba yagusuzuma ukavurwa hakiri kare.<ref name=":1" />Hari ibindi bishobora gutera cg bikongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y’ifumbi:Kunywa itabi,Kurwara diyabete,Isuku nke y’amenyo,Imiti imwe n’imwe (aha twavuga; imiti yo kuboneza urubyaro, irinda ikizungera, steroids, imiti ifunga imiyoboro ya kalisiyumu ndetse n’iya kanseri),Ibyuma bishyirwa mu menyo nabi,Gutwita (ibi biterwa n’ihinduka ry’imisemburo mu mubiri),Amenyo ahengamye cg atari mu kanwa neza,Akoko (kuba hari abandi mu muryango bayirwaye),Kubura ubudahangarwa (ibi bishobora guterwa n’indwara zibugabanya nka HIV/AIDS).Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’udukoko (Bacteria) dushobora gutera izi ndwara. Utwinshi muri two ni udusanzwe n’ubundi dutera indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Agakoko kitwa Chlamydia trachomatis ni ko gakoko kaza ku mwanya wa mbere mu gutera izi ndwara. Aka gakoko n’ubusanzwe gatera imwe mu ndwara yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina yibasira benshi yitwa Chlamidia. Akandi gakoko nako gatera izi ndwara ni akitwa Neisseria Gonorrhea ubusanzwe gatera indwara y’imitezi.Utu dukoko turagenda tukinjira mu gitsina cy’umugore maze tugateza ibyo twita imfegisiyo (Infection). Uko igihe kigenda gishira niko iyi imfegisiyo igenda ikura igafata n’ibindi bice byo mu nda yo hasi nkuko twabivuze haruguru,Ibi ni ibishobora gutuma urwara iyi ndwara. == Uburyo bwokwirinda indwara y'ifumbi == [[Dosiye:Man brushing teeth.jpg|thumb|Kwoza Amenyo nka bumwe muburyo bwo kwirinda indwara y ifumbi]] [[Dosiye:USMC-120719-M-BC491-289.jpg|thumb|223x223px|Kwisuzumisha amenyo bumwe bwo kwirinda indwara y'ifumbi]] Indwara y’ifumbi iravurwa igakira igihe wihutiye kugana kwa muganga w’amenyo hakiri kare. Igihe ishinya itarangirika cyane, kwa muganga bashobora gukuraho rwa rubobi, nuko amenyo agasubirana isuku yahoranye.Uburyo bwo kuyirinda bwizewe;Koza amenyo buri munsi, kandi ku gihe uko umaze kurya. Soma birambuye hano uko mikorobe zo mu kanwa wazirinda.Kurya indyo ikomeza amenyo inagufasha gukomeza kurinda amenyo yawe,Ni byiza kugerageza uko ubishoboye kwisuzumisha amenyo ku baganga b’amenyo (byibuze 2 mu mwaka)Gukoresha imiti y’amenyo myiza (aha ureba irimo fluor, niyo myiza mu kurinda indwara y’ifumbi).ubu ni uburwayi bushobora kwirindwa ndetse no mu gihe waba waburwaye bushobora kuvurwa bugakira neza. Tantine irabibutsako kwirinda biruta kwivuza. Dore ibintu ushobora gukora bikakurinda kuba wakwandura cyangwa warwara ubu burwayi:Kwifata cyangwa ugakora imibonano mpuzabitsina ikingiye,Gukoresha ibizamini bisuzuma indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye.Gukora isuku ikwiye ku gitsina cyawe.Ingaruka mbi  ushobora guhura nazo zishamikiye kuri ubu burwayi.Mu gihe wumvise ufite ibimenyetso twavuze hejuru, uzihutire kujya kwa Muganga kuko mu gihe utivuje neza ushobora kugira ingaruka mbi zishamikiye kuri ubu burwayi.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/sobanukirwa-indwara-zifumbi-zibasira-imyanya-myibarukiro-yimbere-yabagore/</ref>Mu gihe utivuje neza cyangwa ngo ugire kwa Muganga ku gihe. Izi ni zimwe mu ngaruka z’izi ndwara.Ubugumba,Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi aribyo mu ndimi z’amahanga bita ”Ectopic Pregnancy”Ububabare bukabije bwo munda yo hasi cyangwa mu kiziba cy’inda. Ifumbi (Infection) mu maraso cyangwa Urupfu.Uburyo bwo kwirinda iyi ndwara ni ukoza mu kanwa neza igihe umuntu amaze gufata amafunguro.Umuntu ashobora no kwifashisha urudodo akarunyuza hagati y’amenyo rukagenda rukuramo ibiryo biba byasigaye hagati y’amenyo.Uburyo bwo gusukuza amenyo urudodo abantu benshi ntibabuzi, nk’uko ababivuga.Bati “Uburyo menyereye ni ubwo gukoresha uburoso woza amenyo, ariko ubwo gukoresha urudodo ntabo nari nzi”.Kurwanya iyi ndwara nta kindi umuntu akora uretse kugira isuku mu kanwa, akoza amenyo n’umuti wabugenewe igihe amaze kurya.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] kvsesmkx9ir04y6kr9gyr99xpb99eqa Twin Lakes Recreational Resort 0 15350 137592 124390 2026-09-15T16:25:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137592 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikirwa mu Kiyaga cya Kivu.jpg|thumb|ikirwa|340x340px]] [[Dosiye:Burera_lake_hill_view.jpg|thumb|twin Lakes Recreational Resort in Burera ]] [[Dosiye:Twin lakes burera and ruhondo Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Twin lakes burera and ruhondo Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Sunny Day at Twin Lakes.jpg|thumb|Sunny Day at Twin Lakes]] [[Dosiye:Sun set in burera lakes.jpg|thumb|Sun set in burera lakes]] [[Dosiye:Burera lake hill view.jpg|thumb|Burera lake hill view]] [[Dosiye:Burera lake.jpg|thumb|Burera lake]] [[Dosiye:Beautiful view of the lake burera.jpg|thumb|Twin lake in burera]] [[Dosiye:Lake Burera.jpg|thumb|Twin lake Burera]] Ibirwa bya Burera ni ibice kugeza mu minsi mike ishize byafatwaga nk’ibyagenewe ubuhinzi. Icyakora, aba mbere bamaze kuhabenguka, batangiye kuhazamura imishinga y’ishoramari ry’amahoteli agezweho. == Tumenye Twin Lakes Recreational Resort == Umushinga ugomba kuvamo hoteli igezweho izaba yitwa Twin Lakes Recreational Island.Ni urugendo rusaga iminota 20 ugenda mu modoka uturutse mu Mujyi wa Musanze, ukongeraho indi minota isaga 10 mu bwato, uturutse ku rugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwa Ntaruka.Patrick Masozera n’umugore we Kerry Ann Kimone, ukomoka muri Jamaica, batangije iri shoramari mu birwa bitabyazwaga umusaruro.basuye ibice byinshi by’ubukerarugendo nk’i Rubavu, kuri Muhazi n’ahandi.Baje no gusura ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo bifatwa nk’impanga (twin lakes), bageze hafi aho bafata ubwato ariko umwe akeneye amazi yo kunywa abura aho yayavana.Mu nshuro nyinshi basuye u Rwanda, ku Kiyaga cya Burera bahageze mu mwaka 2017, batangazwa cyane n’ubwiza bwaho.Icyo gihe Kerry yari afite intege nke kuko yari atwite inda y’amezi atatu, ntiyabasha kubona aho yagura icyo kurya cyangwa Fanta.Muri icyo gihe baatangiye gutekereza ko byaba byiza kuhashyira nka hotel cyangwa akandi kantu abantu bashobora kuruhukiramo, kubera ko ni heza cyane, ariko ugasanga nta shoramari rihari.Ni imishinga batekereza mu buryo bwanahindura imibereho y’abahatuye, kugeza ubu batagerwaho amazi meza kandi bayaturiye, kimwe n’amashanyarazi.Nyuma ya [[Rwanda]] Day yabereye i Amsterdam bitabiriye bavuye i London, bafashe icyemezo cyo gusubira kuri bwa butaka babonye, bajya gushorayo imari.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/amabanki/article/dusure-twin-lakes-recreational-resort-umwe-mu-mishinga-itanga-icyizere-mu-birwa</ref>Baragarutse batangira kuganira n’abaturage, umwe, umwe, baza kugurira abaturage bageze kuri 30. Gutangira kuhagera, kugura no kubaka, hari mu mwaka 2019, gutangira gutegura aho hantu hari muri cya gihe cya COVID-19 mu mwaka 2020,nu wa 2021, batangira kwambutsa [[inka]], ibintu byose byahageze mu bwato.”Muri Kanama mu mwaka 2022 aho hantu hashibutse Twin Lakes Recreational Resort, ubu abantu batangiye kuhamenya ndetse bahasura ubutitsa. Umwe mu baheruka kuhagirira ibihe byiza ni Umuhanzi Gaël Faye.Ubu ni ku gasozi kateretsweho amahema akoreshwa n’abashaka gukambika, icyakora kugeza ubu atumizwa mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]. == Ibindi Wamenya == [[Dosiye:Lago Plateado, Parque nacional y reserva Wrangell-San Elías, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-22, DD 122-127 PAN.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Akdogangolugunbatimi.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Lago Plateado, Parque nacional y reserva Wrangell-San Elías, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-22, DD 122-127 PAN.jpg|thumb]] Ni ishoramari ribungabunga ibidukikije, ku buryo amatara akoreshwa kuri iki kirwa yose yifashisha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba.Na yo uko birihariye. Ashinze hirya no hino ku buryo ku manywa aba yiyongeramo umuriro aza gukoresha nijoro, bwakwira hagenda haka rimwe rimwe, kugeza yose yatse kandi mu mabara atandukanye. Mu gitondo ayo matara yose arizimya.Ku matara yo mu nzira, agenda yaka bitewe n’aho umuntu ageze, itara ryamwumwa rikamumurikira, ku buryo bidasaba ko akoresha umuriro mwishi kandi ijoro rishobora kuba rirerire.Ni ahantu ubyuka mu gitondo uri kureba inyoni n’ubwiza bw’Ikiyaga cya Burera.<ref name=":0" />Ubwiza buri aho buratangaje.Bafite gahunda yo kujya bafasha ba mukerarugendo haba mu byo barya cyangwa bashaka kureba aho ibiribwa bituruka, ku buryo abantu babasha kwitegeza neza ibihingwa bikiri mu murima, ari nabyo hoteli izaba ikoresha.Kerry Ann avuga ko agera mu [[Rwanda]] bwa mbere mu mwaka 2014, yifuzaga kurugeramo nyuma y‘ibibi byinshi abantu baruvugagaho.Ahageze yasanze ibyo bamwe bahavuga bitandukanye n’ibyo yiboneye.Aho bubatse hoteli ni mu gace kasabaga kwitonda, kubera ko katageramo amashanyarazi, nta n’amazi meza ahari uretse ay’ikiyaga.Babonaga ko ari ingorane zikomeye, ariko kubera intego bari bafite z’ibyo bashaka gukora, uko bashaka gufasha abaturage ba Burera, baravuga ngo reka babikore.Bahise batangira ishoramari, ndetse uko iminsi ishira abantu benshi bagenda bahamenya.<ref name=":0" />Urebye uko hameze ubu n’uko hazaba hameze mu gihe kiri imbere, bitanga icyizere cy’imirimo myinshi igomba guhangwa, igenewe urubyiruko ndetse n’abandi bafite ibyo bashobora kugemura.Kugeza ubu inyubako zihari zikoreshwa amakoro, aboneka muri iki gice cy’amajyaruguru.Amazi akoreshwa ni abantu bayavoma bakashyira mu bigega, kuko hataraboneka uburyo buhamye bwo gutunganya ay’Ikiyaga cya Burera.Icyakora imishinga igeze kure mu kugeza amazi meza ku baturiye iyi hoteli kimwe n’amashanyarazi, ari nabyo izaba yifashisha. == Imbogamizi ==== Imwe mu mbogamizi kandi yari uko ku nkombe z’ikiyaga nta mihanda ihari, ariko intego ni ukuhatunganya mu gihe kiri imbere.Mu minsi ishize bwo ikijyanye no kuhubaka cyarakemutse, kuko ubu hashyizwe mu butaka bwagenewe ubukerarugendo.Kugeza ubu amazi akoreshwa kuri iki kirwa aracyavomwa mu majerikani, ariko intego ni uko hazagera uburo bwo gutunganya amazi kandi mu buryo buhoraho.Nubwo hari izo ngorane, uyu muryango uvuga ko wabashije guhangana na zo kandi zigenda ziva mu nzira.Kerry ati “Kuri njye, kuva kiri muto numvaga ko ahantu nzashora imari kagira uruhare mu mpinduka zaho hazaba ari muri [[Afurika]], kandi nari mbizi ko bitazaba byoroshye.Uretse kureba ubwiza bwa Burera, kuri Twin Lakes hashyizwe ibikorwa birangaza ba mukerugendo nk’inka, ku buryo abasura aka gace bigishwa gukama n’ibindi ku mibereho y’aya matungo yubashywe mu muco Nyarwanda.bavuga ko bafite na gahunda bise Masozera Farm Initiative, aho bashaka koroza inka abaturage begereye uyu mushinga wa hotel.Ni abaturage bakora ubuhinzi bakeneye ifumbire, ku buryo iyo ubahaye inka bayibona, ndetse bakabona amata.<ref name=":0" />Kuri iyi hoteli kandi uhasaga ubworozi bw’inkwavu, izo usanga abana bizihirwa no kuzireba (kimwe n’ushaka gufungura.Ni umushinga bateganya ko wakorwa mu byiciro bitatu, icya mbere kikaba kigizwe n’inyubako zihari ubu, icya kabiri kikazubakwamo cottages eshanu n’inzu ya restaurant n’akabari igeretse kabiri, mu cyiciro cya gatatu hakazubakwa ikindi gice.bati “Twifuza ko igice cya mbere kizaba cyarangiye mu myaka itanu.Ni ishoramari batangiye bakoresha ubwizigame bwabo, ariko bizera ko inyungu izagenda ivamo izatanga n’ubushobozi bwo kubaka ibindi byiciro. Masozera avuga ko batifuza gutangirana amadeni ya banki. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] nk8ksjr0nbkzlv2k1p3k7hfzr0nyr8a Amacumbi y’abimukira 0 15412 137478 99108 2026-09-15T15:47:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137478 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Edifice Wilder 24.jpg|thumb|Amacumbi]] Ni inyubako biteganyijwe ko zizatwara miliyari 60 Frw aho hagiye kubakwa inzu 528 zikazuzura mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu, i Gahanga mu karere ka Kicukiro. == Ibyo wamenya kumacumbi == Umushinga wo kubaka ariya mazu agomba kuzakira bariya bantu, ukaba ari umushinga munini uzajya kuri hegitari hafi 12.Ugiye gutangirira ku mazu 528 azajya kuri hegitari 5.7, icyiciro cya mbere kikaba kigomba gukorwa mu gihe kitarenze amezi atandatu.umushinga uzaba ukomatanyijemo ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye bikazagira uruhare mu iterambere ry’abazahatuzwa.Usibye amazu harimo n’ibindi bikorwa, harimo imihanda, amashanyarazi, hazaba hari amazi, amashuri y’abana, ibibuga byo gukina, za Gym (siporo ngororamubiri), ahantu ho guhahira, ku buryo ari ahantu umuntu azajya aba ari ikintu cyose yakenera akakibona hafi ye.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/hashyizwe-ibuye-fatizo-ahazubakwa-amacumbi-y-abimukira-bo-mu-bwongereza</ref> Imashini zirahari, ubu akazi kagiye gutangira.Ibihugu byombi byasinyanye amasezerano yemerera [[Ubwongereza]] kohereza abimukira n’abashaka ubuhungiro binjiye muri iki gihugu mu buryo bunyuranyije amategeko nubwo kuri ubu atarashyirwa mu bikorwa.Ni ukureba ubushobozi bafite bwo kwakira aba bantu, akaba ari umushinga munini uzajya kuri hegitare hafi 12 ariko bagiye gutangirira ku nzu 528 zizajya kuri hegitare zirenze zirindwi.Kugeza ubu ni umushinga ufite agaciro kagera kuri miliyari 60 Frw cyane ko uzaba ari umushinga munini uzatuma abazabamo babaho neza.Biteganyijwe ko izo nzu zizubakwa zizaba zifite uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije nk’intego u Rwanda rwihaye mu cyerekezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/minisitiri-suella-braverman-yashyize-ibuye-ry-ifatizo-ahagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi-y-abimukira</ref> == Ibindi wamenya kubimukira == Aba bimukira mugihe bagombaga kugera mu [[Rwanda]], bagombaga guhabwa ubushobozi bubafasha kuba bakwitunga, bajya mu mashuri ku buryo babona ubumenyi bubafasha kwitunga no gutanga umusanzu ku iterambere ry’igihugu[[Ubwongereza|.Ubwongereza]] bumaze igihe bufite umubare munini w’abimukira binjira mu gihugu mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Umwaka ushize, abimukira ibihumbi 45 binjiye mu [[Ubwongereza]] bifashishije ubwato buto.Guverinoma y’[[Ubwongereza]] ivuga ko ikoresha asaga miliyari 2,4$ mu kubacumbikira.Bavuga ko batazashyirwa mu mudugudu wabo bihariye ahubwo bazatuzwa hamwe n’abandi Banyarwanda.<ref name=":1" />Iyi gahunda Igihugu cy’[[Ubwongereza]] cyashyizemo amafaranga azabafasha kwakira abo bantu bakabaha aho gutura, kandi n’Abanyarwanda bakaboneraho bagaturana na bo. Ntabwo bazabashyira mu mudugudu wabo wihariye, bazajya baba bari kumwe n’Abanyarwanda nk’uko basanzwe babikora buri mwaka, amafaranga amwe azajya muri iyo gahunda.Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo ivuga ko umushinga wose ari munini ku buryo uzajya kuri hegitari 12, ukazaba ugizwe n’amazu 1500 azubakwa mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije, ukazarangira utwaye amafaranga y’u [[Rwanda]] Miliyari 60.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] g3rfdn9zs3wmdi68tfqnx50ychvt6ra Igishanga cya Rwangingo 0 15644 137631 114247 2026-09-15T16:47:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137631 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2013-06-05 05-58-09 Rwanda Kigali - Nyabugogo.JPG|thumb|Igishanga|416x416px]] Igishanga cya Rwangingo giherereye mukarere ka Gatsibo ndetse kikanakora kukarere ka Nyagatare. == Ibyo wamenya == Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Gatsibo mu mwaka wa 2016 bwavuze ko iki gishanga cya Rwangingo kijya gutunganywa hari mu rwego rwo kugira ngo ubukungu burusheho kwiyongera kandi n’imibereho y’abatuye baka karere na yo itere imbere kurushaho.Mugutangira kgukoresha igishanga cya Rwangingo byari biteganyijwe ko iki gishanga kizahingwamo igihingwa cy’umuceri, ariko ku ukubitiro abaturage bazagihingamo barashishikarizwa gutangirana n’imbuto ya soya n’ibigori, kugira ngo habanze hakorwe igeragezwa.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Igishanga-cya-Rwangingo-cyatangiye-kubyazwa-umusaruro</ref>Kuba ubuhinzi burimo gufata indi ntera mukarere ka Gatsibo,nibimwe mubimenyetse bivuze ko ubukungu bwako na bwo buri kugeda butera imbere mu buryo bushimishije, ibyo bigira uruhare mu kubyaza umusaruro iki gishanga nabwo burushaho kugenda neza.Igishanga cya Rwangingo gifite ubuso bungana na hegitari 900, Akarere ka Gatsibo kakaba kihariye ubuso buhingwamo bungana na hegitari 320.<ref name=":0" />Umwe mu bahinzi batangiye guhinga muri iki gishanga, avuga ko igihingwa batangiriyeho guhinga cya soya bizeye kuzakuramo umusaruro ushimishije, kandi ngo isoko ryari rinahari kuko bari begerejwe uruganda ruyitunganya. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] eu6snak7s0l22hiqrcth9nuw6tyqtvx Gufata neza Amashyamba 0 15737 137486 127828 2026-09-15T15:48:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137486 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sapium insigne.jpg|thumb]] U [[Rwanda]] rugizwe n'imisozi ubundi yari iriho amashyamba ariko hari aho usanga imisozi ihanamye. Nta gushidikanya kandi ko u [[Rwanda]] ruri mu bihugu bituwe cyane ku isi kandi kikaba ari gito. [[Dosiye:Gorgeous_Rwandan_Landscape.jpg|thumb|Amashyamba ]] == Ibyo wamenya ku Gufata neza Amashyamba == [[Dosiye:Nyarurama kicukiro nyarurama.jpg|thumb|Ibiti]] Kurwanya ibikorwa byangiza amashyamba ibituma amashyamba akomeje gusagarirwa n’ibikorwa bya muntu,urugero nko mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], aho byibura mu Cyumweru kimwe hinjira amakara imifuka irenga ibihumbi 61, ku buryo Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] wonyine mu cyumweru wangiza amashyamba ahinze kuri hegitari zirenga 300.Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] utiza umurindi itemwa ry’amashyamba, bavuga ko biteye impungenge mu gihe amashyamba yakomeza gutemwa mu gihugu kuko mu bice by’icyaro nabo benshi bicanira inkwi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/04/hagaragajwe-impungenge-zumuvuduko-witemwa-ryamashyamba-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-25 |archive-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219091047/https://umuseke.rw/2022/04/hagaragajwe-impungenge-zumuvuduko-witemwa-ryamashyamba-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>''Mu bushakashatsi bwakoze mu mwaka wa 2020 bwagaragaje ko mu Cyumweru kimwe gusa mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]] hinjira imbaho ibihumbi 53,193, imifuka y’amakara ibihumbi 61,241, amasiteri y’inkwi metero cube 321m<sup>3</sup>, inkingi z’amashanyarazi ibihumbi 20 naho ibiti byo kubakisha ibihumbi birenga bitatu bihinjira mu cyumweru kimwe.Urebye mu mibare ihujwe ubona ko hegitari 485.2 zaba zagiye mu Cyumweru zijyanywe n’amakara n’inkwi n’ibindi bituma ibiti bitemwa.Usesenguye ziriya mbaho zavuye kuri hegitari imwe, amakara ava kuri hegitari 398, inkwi ziva kuri hegitari 4.2, ibiti biva kuri hegitari 3, byose ni mu cyumweru kimwe gusa.''<ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-59272357</ref> == Tumenye Ubuso bw'Amashyamba == [[Dosiye:Amayaga.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti ]] Ubuso bw’u [[Rwanda]] 30.4% bungana na kilometero kare 8,006% buriho amashyamba, 68% aya mashyamba n’ay’abaturage naho 32% akaba aya leta agizwe n’amashyamaba y’amaterano, imigano n’amashyamba kimeza.I''mibare ya hegitari 485 zijyenda mu cyumweru kimwe mu makara n’inkwi ukubye Ukwezi, Umwaka, ukabihuza na toni miliyoni 2.7 z’amakara n’inkwi bikoreshwa ku mwaka, ubihuje n’uburyo Abanyarwanda twiyongera ndetse dukoresha amakara n’inkwi bihita bitanga umukoro wo gufata ingamba zo kongera amashyamba no kureba ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha izindi ngufu mu gucana n’imbabura zirondereza ibicanwa. Inganda zikora ibyayi, amashuri, amagereza n’abandi bakoresha inkwi n’amakara mu guteka nabo bakareba uko bareka gutema ibiti.''<ref name=":0" />''Ibidukikije iyo bivuyeho natwe ntitwashobora kubaho, turebe amashyamba nk’ikidukikije aho kuyabonamo inyungu mu kuyacana gusa,  twongere ibiti n’amashyamba. Fata iwawe uhatere igiti kiribwa imbuto n’ibivangwa n’imyaka. Tubungabunge amashyamba niyo yaba aya leta ntukabone uwangiza amashyamba ngo uceceke, igiti kimwe gifitiye akamaro abantu benshi. Abantu bumve ko tubayeho kubera ibidukikije, urahinga ukeza kubera imvura, uwejeje aratugaburira tukarya kandi tukagira ubuzima bwiza tubona umwuka mwiza duhumeka.''<ref name=":1" /> '''Amashyamba arinda kwangirika kw'ikirere akanakurura imvura''' [[Dosiye:RW_Lago_Kivu_(15)_(17053135197).jpg|thumb|amashyamba akurura umwuka mwiza duhumeka]] amashyamba atuma imisozi itambara umusa ngo itwarwe n'isuri kandi akanakurura umwuka mwiza duhumeka. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba]] nzvse8t4c87rxaspms885jq15tnuboc Kubungabunga Imigezi,n'Ibishanga 0 15780 137670 134620 2026-09-15T16:51:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137670 wikitext text/x-wiki Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima runyuranye ruri mu byanya bikomye za pariki, n’ibishanga, rusurwa na ba Mukerarugendo aho bigira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu. == Ibyo Wamenya == [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo river valley.jpg|thumb|Ibishanga]] Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima runyuranye ruri mu byanya bikomye (za pariki, n’ibishanga), ko rusurwa na ba Mukerarugendo aho bigira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu.Abanyarwanda bashishikarizwa gufatanyiriza hamwe mu kwiteza imbere no gufata neza umutungo kamere w’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.U Rwanda rwihaye Icyerekezo cyo mu mwaka 2050 , cyo kuba mu bihugu biteye imbere binyuze mu iterambere ritabangamira ibidukikije.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/tubungabunge-imigezi-ibishanga-n-ibiyaga-kera-byafatwaga-nk-aho-kujugunya-umwanda-min-mujawamariya</ref>Gahunda y’igihugu y’imyaka irindwi yo kwihutisha iterambere. Bityo iyangirika ry’umutungo kamere n’urusobe ry’ibinyabuzima, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kandi zidindiza kugera ku ntego z’iterambere ry’ubukungu igihugu cyiyemeje.Inzira iracyari ndende, igisabwa nuguhindura imyumvire ku ikoreshwa ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, aho kera byafatwaga nk’ahantu ho kujugunya imyanda. === Kuvugurura Imigezi n'Ibishanga byari byaratereranywe === Bivuzeko inzira iracyari ndende, igisabwa nuguhindure imyumvire mu buryo hakoreshwa indiri z’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, cyane cyane ibishanga, imigezi n’ibiyaga, kera byafatwaga nk’aho kujugunya imyanda.Umuturarwanda agomba kuzirikana isano kamere afitanye n’ibidukikije, bityo akarushaho kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bibumbatiye amoko atandukanye y’inyamaswa n’ibimera dukesha ibidutunga, imiti twivuza n’umwuka mwiza duhumeka aho bavuze ko uwo mwuka udashobora kubonerwa ikiguzi gikwiye.<ref name=":0" />tariki 05 Kamena buri mwaka, kuri iyi tariki isi yose yizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga w’ibidukikije,buri wese asabwa gukomeza guhindura imyumvire y’uburyo hakoreshwa neza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] q03g6bjyjzfcghlio9h5fhrz0mr8wwx Ibiyaga n'Ibishanga 0 15825 137762 99710 2026-09-15T17:08:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137762 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo_River_and_its_surrounding_mountain_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igishanga cya Nyabarongo ]] [[Dosiye:Amazing_Island_in_lake_Kivu.jpg|thumb|Icyiyaga cya Kivu]] Ikiremwamuntu gikwiye guhindure imyumvire mu buryo bwogukoresha indiri z’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, cyane cyane ibishanga, imigezi n’ibiyaga, kera byafatwaga nka ahantu ho kujugunya imyanda. == Kubungabunga Ibiyaga n'Ibishanga == [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo river valley.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga]] Kurengera ibidukikije mu rugamba rw’iterambere rirambye, inzira ni ndende,abantu basabwa guhindura imyumvire ku ikoreshwa ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, aho kera byafatwaga nk’ahantu ho kujugunya imyanda.Umuturarwanda agomba kuzirikana isano kamere afitanye n’ibidukikije, bityo akarushaho kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bibumbatiye amoko atandukanye y’inyamaswa n’ibimera dukesha ibidutunga, imiti twivuza n’umwuka mwiza duhumeka uwo mwuka udashobora kubonerwa ikiguzi gikwiye.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ngoma-abaturiye-ibiyaga-n-ibishanga-batangiye-kuhirirwa-imyaka-nyuma-y-ibura-ry</ref>Abanyarwanda bashishikarizwa gufatanyiriza hamwe mu kwiteza imbere no gufata neza umutungo kamere w’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/tubungabunge-imigezi-ibishanga-n-ibiyaga-kera-byafatwaga-nk-aho-kujugunya-umwanda-min-mujawamariya</ref>Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima runyuranye ruri mu byanya bikomye za pariki, n’ibishanga, bifashako igihugu ko gisurwa na ba Mukerarugendo aho bigira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu.Twite ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, iyo ni insanganyamatsiko ijyanye n’icyerekezo cyo mu mwaka 2050 u [[Rwanda]] rwihaye, cyo kuba mu bihugu biteye imbere binyuze mu iterambere ritabangamira ibidukikije.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/article/ibishanga-by-i-kigali-bigiye-gukorerwamo-ubukerarugendo-n-ubushakashatsi</ref> === Ibindi Wamenya === Mu [[Rwanda]], insanganyamatsiko ivuga iti Igihe kirageze twite ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ijyanye n’icyerekezo cyo mu mwaka 2050 u [[Rwanda]] rwihaye, cyo kuba mu bihugu biteye imbere, binyuze mu iterambere ritabangamiye ibidukikije kandi rifite ubudahangarwa ku ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.Iyo nsanganyamatsiko, ijyanye n’intego z’iterambere rirambye, na gahunda y’igihugu y’imyaka irindwi yo kwihutisha iterambere. <ref name=":0" />Bityo nukuvugango iyangirika ry’umutungo kamere n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kandi zitubuza kugera ku ntego z’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw'igihugu cyiyemeje.Bavuga ko ibyo bigaragaza ko kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, byuzuzanya no guteza imbere ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.kurengera ibidukikije ni rugamba rw’iterambere rirambye.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] t8zonl9ixat6ufqr4a4nfux5ihahzo8 Igishanga cya bishenyi 0 16015 137552 122979 2026-09-15T16:05:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Igishanga cya Bishenyi''' giherereye mu Murenge wa Rugalika mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Karere ka Kamonyi]], cyuzuye biturutse ku mvura nyinshi yahaguye none ubu abaturage ntibari kubona uko bagenda, Ni igishanga kiri ku umuhanda uhuza Bishenyi, Kigese na Rugalika, kucyambuka bifashishaga amateme atatu ariho na yo imvura yayatwaye. Imvura yatangiye kugwa kare, ikagwa mu buryo budasanzwe ku buryo abaturage bahatuye bakorera mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]] n’abanyeshuri bavaga ku mashuri batari kubona uko bataha. Ni igishanga gisanzwe cyuzura iyo habayeho ikibazo cy’imvura nyinshi igwa igihe kirekire.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kamonyi-imvura-yateye-imyuzure-mu-gishanga-cya-bishenyi-ihagarika-urujya-n</ref><ref>https://m.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=249379251757029&story_fbid=3687516607943259</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/barafinda-yarabivuze-agatoki-kamenyereye-gukomba-gahora-gakunje-igice-kigishanga-cya-bishenyi-ku-kamonyi-kigiye-kwamburwa-abagihingamo-bati-ntituzavamo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-date=2020-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217082844/https://rugali.com/barafinda-yarabivuze-agatoki-kamenyereye-gukomba-gahora-gakunje-igice-kigishanga-cya-bishenyi-ku-kamonyi-kigiye-kwamburwa-abagihingamo-bati-ntituzavamo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibishanga]] 3np4omwljsfkp34qhy3lgeyuwcbregp Igishanga Cyohoha 0 16025 137457 121379 2026-09-15T15:15:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137457 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lac Cyohoha bugesera district.jpg|thumb|Igishanga cya cyohoha]] '''Igishanga cya Cyohoha''' kiri mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] mu murenge wa Mayange, bamwe mu baturage bavuga ko babuze icyo bakora nyuma yo kubuzwa guhinga mu gishanga cya Cyohoha ahateye ibiti, mu gishanga cya Cyohoka hagati y’u [[Rwanda]] n’u Burundi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/bugesera-bagizwe-imburamukoro-no</ref> === Urufunzo === mu myaka ya za 2000 ikiyaga cyaCyohoha, cyarakamye amazi ashiramo tukajya duhingamo urutoki, ibishyimbo, amateke n’imyumbati. Ariko mu mwaka muri 2016 REMA yatangiye kutwigisha uko twahinga imusozi tukareka guhinga mu kiyaga,batangira gutera imigano ku nkengero z’ikiyaga. itsinda ribungabunga ikiyaga cya Cyohoha. Avuga ko imyumvire yabo yahindutse ubu bakaba babungabunga ikiyaga babishyizeho umwete.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/07/18/kubungabunga-ikiyaga-cya-cyohoha-byabahinduriye-abagore-b-i-bugesera-ubuzima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-05 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405131927/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/07/18/kubungabunga-ikiyaga-cya-cyohoha-byabahinduriye-abagore-b-i-bugesera-ubuzima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kubungabunga ikiyaga cya Cyohoha dufashwa kujya tubyaza umusaruro urufunzo bakuramo ari narwo rugira uruhare mu gukamyamo amazi. Umwe Ati: “Batwigishije gukora pipinyeri no gutubura imbuto z’ibiti byo gutera. Urufunzo dukura mu kiyaga turubohamo isakaro ryo gutwikiriza ingemwe kugirango ziticwa n’izuba zikuma.<ref name=":0" /> === Imigano === Imigano iteye mu gishanga cya Murago iteye ku nkengero za Cyohoha, umushinga wa bamboo uzabafasha kuyibyaza umusaruro kuburyo bazatera imbere kandi bagakomeza no kubungabunga iki kiyaga n’ibidukikije muri rusange badafite imbogamizi z’ubushobozi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibishanga]] cmt4nyj29ytpfchvb0osdkkuapb551f Igishanga cya Ngiryi 0 16028 137355 111918 2026-09-15T14:30:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vista general vall Fosca.jpg|thumb|Igishanga|234x234px]] '''Igishanga cya Ngiryi''' kiri mu [[Akarere ka Huye|karere ka Huye]], aho gikorerarmo na Koperative ya COPRORIZ Ngiryi, ihinga umuceri mu gishanga cya Ngiryi gihuza imirenge 3 ya: Musha, Ndora na Gishubi. harimo ikibazo cy'amazi make n'inyubako z'igishanga zishaje.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/02/07/huye-gutunganya-ibishanga-ngo-biri-muri-gahunda-zihutirwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-05 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405141116/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/02/07/huye-gutunganya-ibishanga-ngo-biri-muri-gahunda-zihutirwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Muri Huye === Taliki ya 3 Gashyantare Isi yizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga wo kwita ku bishanga n’ahantu hahehereye, [[akarere ka Huye]] kakaba gashyize imbaraga mu gutunganya ibishanga ngo karusheho kugira isura nziza itoshye kuko ibi bikorwa binahindurira abaturage ubuzima. Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ibishanga kimwe n’ibindi bice bihehereye, Ubuyobozi bw’akarere ka Huye buvuga ko bwamaze guha umurongo gahunda yo gutunganya ibishanga.<ref name=":0" /> === Mu gihugu cyu Rwanda === Ibishanga bigizwe na 10, 6% by’ubutaka bw’u [[Rwanda]] hamwe n’ibishanga bigera ku 915 byavumbuwe mu gihugu hose. Muri ibyo, ibishanga 38 bingana na 20% y’ubuso bwose birarinzwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibishanga]] 3gpf63pd5zd2wgjlrndrlwhgpx1jkxr Gutunganya ibishanga muri Gisagara 0 16191 137709 110285 2026-09-15T16:58:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137709 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rice plants of Bohol.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'Umuceri]] Mu guteza imbere ubuhinzi kuko butunze benshi mu Karere ka Gisagara hatoranyijwe ibihingwa bine byitabwaho kugira ngo abahinzi babashe kwihaza no gusagurira inganda n’amasoko. == Tumenye Ibihingwa byagombaga guhingwa == [[Dosiye:Ab food 06.jpg|thumb|Ibigoli]] [[Dosiye:Imishingiriro.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'Ibishyimbo]] Mu Karere ka Gisagara haboneka ibishanga bifite ubuso bugera kuri hegitali 5000. Muri byo hamaze gutunganywa hegitali 2500 harimo izigera ku 1500 zatunganyijwe mu myaka itandatu ishize.Mu guteza imbere ubuhinzi kuko butunze benshi mu Karere ka Gisagara hatoranyijwe ibihingwa bine byitabwaho kugira ngo abahinzi babashe kwihaza no gusagurira inganda n’amasoko.Ibyo bihingwa ni ibigori, umuceri, urutoki n’ibishyimbo.Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere bwashyize ingufu mu gutunganya ibishanga bituma umusaruro w’umuceri wiyongera.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gutunganya-ibishanga-byatumye-umusaruro-w-umuceri-wikuba-hafi-gatatu-ishusho-y</ref>Muri gahunda yo kwigisha abahinzi guhinga kijyambere, gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda n’imborera no gutera imbuto y’indobanure ndetse no gutunganya ibishanga ni byo byatumye umusaruro mu buhinzi wiyongera.ndetse no gukoresha neza amazi cyane mu bishanga ndetse no kuhira imusozi.Gutunganya ibishanga ni uburyo bwo gufata neza amazi, aho amazi ari make hakorwa uburyo bwo kuyongera, aho ari menshi akayoborerwa ahandi.Hari ibice bikibamo amazi menshi ku buryo ibigori n’ibishyimbo bitahera, no mu gihe cy’imvura hari ibice bitwarwa. Abahinzi bifuza uwabatunganyiriza igishanga neza.Umuyobozi w'Intara yamajyepfo mumwaka ushize yashishikarizaga abaturage bafite ibishanga kubikoresha neza, ariko bakanitabira kuhira kuko n’ubwo mu bishanga haba harimo amazi ntaba ari mu mirima imbere.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gisagara-bitunganyirije-igishanga-none-barishimira-umusaruro-kibaha-no-mu-zuba</ref> == Gutunganya ibishanga byagize umusaruro == [[Dosiye:Green rice sheaves planted in a paddy field with long shadows at golden hour in Don Det Laos.jpg|thumb|Gutera imbuto y'Umuceri]] [[Dosiye:Blond and green rice fields.jpg|thumb|Umuceri]] Umusaruro wagiye uzamuka, mu mwaka 2015 abahinzi bezaga toni 4000 z’umuceri ariko ubu bageze kuri toni hafi ibihumbi 10. Icyo bifuza ni uko bageze kuri toni ibihumbi 20 kandi bifuza kuzabigeraho nibamara gutunganya ibishanga bisigaye.Mu bigori naho umusaruro wariyongereye kuko kuri ubu abahinzi beza toni 4 kuri hegitari imwe; naho ku bishyimbo bakeza toni 1,48.Mu bishanga biteganyijwe ko bizatunganywa harimo icyitwa Nyiramageni gihuza Imirenge ya Gikonko, Mamba na Ntyazo gifite ubuso bwa hegitari 600. Ikindi ni icya Ngiryi nacyo kiri gushakirwa ubushobozi kugira ngo gitunganywe.Gutunganya ibyo bishanga bizajyana no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuhira imyaka ku misozi ibikikije.<ref name=":0" />Mu bijyanye no kuhira imisozi hegitali 625 zuhiwe hakoreshejwe imashini muri iyi myaka itandatu ishize, naho hegitali hafi 2800 zishyirwaho amaterasi y’indinganire.Hubatswe ubwanikiro bw’ibigori 42 n'ubw’umuceri 28.Hubatswe uruganda rutunganya urwagwa n’umutobe mu bitoki rufite ubushobozi bwo kwakira toni zisaga 900 mu kwezi kumwe. Rugemura inzoga mu Turere twa Gisagara, Huye, Nyaruguru na Nyamagabe ku buryo ku kwezi rwinjiza amafaranga agera kuri miliyoni 90Frw ajya mu baturage baruha ibitoki.Mu kwita ku musaruro hubatswe inganda zirimo urw’umuceri ruri mu Murenge wa Gikonko rutunganya toni zigera ku 7800; hubakwa n’urutunganya ibigori mo ifu.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ra2ody0butxvh54qk8q0gaa2fs9r4un Igishanga cya Gasuma 0 16192 137632 112406 2026-09-15T16:47:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137632 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ononis spinosa white 04.jpg|thumb|Igishanga Cya Gasuma]] '''Igishanga cya Gasuma''', Abahinga mu bishanga bya Gasuma na Ruhoboba mu Murenge wa Simbi mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]], barifuza gutunganyirizwa ibi bishanga ku buryo bajya babasha kubona amazi yo kuhira mu buryo bworoshye, bityo babashe kubibyaza umusaruro no mu gihe cy’impeshyi.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/huye-bifuza-gutunganyirizwa-ibishanga-kugira-ngo-bajye-bahinga-no-mu-mpeshyi</ref> [[Dosiye:Igishanga_mu_Rwanda,.jpg|thumb|Igishanga mu Rwanda,]] [[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb|Igishanga]] === Ubuhinzi === Dufite igishanga cya Gasuma tujya duhingamo imboga n’imbuto, ariko urebye ahanini mu mpeshyi nta mazi tuba dufite. Anyura hepfo, kuyifashisha ni ukujya kuyadaha.”Akomeza agira ati “Uwadushyiriraho umuyoboro uca hejuru y’imirima twabasha kubona [[amazi]], tukajya duhinga no mu mpeshyi.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Swamp_rice_farming.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi ]] [[Dosiye:Flood_of_Akagera_River.jpg|thumb|igishanga ]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibishanga]] mpytb0g0nsfmu068peh56qnxk7i3552 Kubungabunga Ibishanga haterwa Ibiti 0 16619 137302 106599 2026-09-15T14:22:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137302 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igiti 5123.jpg|thumb|Gutera igiti]] Mugihe iterambere ririmo kwihuta hakenewe kwita kubuzima bw'abantu kugira ngo babe ahantu heza kandi bahumeke umwuka mwiza. == Tumenye bimwe mubyakorwa == Mugihe iterambere ririmo kwihuta hariho gahunda yo kwita kubuzima bwa muntu bikaba bimwe mubyatuma baba ahantu heza kandi bahumeke umwuka mwiza,ibyo biri mubyakorwa binyuze mu kubungabunga ibidukikije nk'ibishanga. Ni muri gahunda yabaho haterwa amashyamba n'ibiti, no kurwanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.Ni ibikorwa bizatuma habaho kugira igihugu kimeze neza kigira [[Dosiye:Ibisga_k.jpg|thumb|Ibishanga ]] abantu, binatuma bamukerarugendo bakomeza kuza basura igihugu bagira ubuzima bwiza. <ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-na-gggi-bahuje-imbaraga-mu-guteza-imbere-ibikorwa-bibungabunga</ref>Kimwe mubindi byafasha kubungabunga ibishanga ni ugutunganya neza amazi yo mubishanga bifasha ababituriye kugira ubuzima bwiza ndetse nabatunzwe no guhinga mubishanga.Kuko igishanga iyo kitabungabunzwe neza kirangirika cyangwa se kigenda gishira. Gutera ibiti mu kubungabunga ibishanga bifasha gutanga umwuka mwiza ni ibishanga mugihe byafashwe neza. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/Umunsi-w-uruzi-rwa-Nili-wizihijwe-haterwa-ibiti-ku-nkengero-z-ikiyaga-cya</ref>Mu mujyi wa Kigali hashizweho ahantu ho kwidagadurira ariko hahujwe no kubungabunga ibidukikije hakikijwe n'ibiti. Ni uburyo bwo kugira ngo umujyi ugire umwihariko ushobora gutuma abantu baza kuwusura kandi bakaza kuburyo bwinshi, haba abatuye imbere mugihugu cyangwa abaturuka hanze y'igihugu. u Rwanda rwihaye intego yo guteza imbere kubungabunga ibidukikije aho imijyi igomba guterwamo ibiti,gukoresha ingufu z'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, kugabanuka ku gucanisha inkwi n'amakara kandi hagakomeza guterwa amashyamba.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Ibishanga.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibishanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 566hpvehb4a4effgwc5fszis2drngrf Igishanga cya Nkunamo 0 16623 137696 135986 2026-09-15T16:54:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137696 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2013-06-05 05-58-09 Rwanda Kigali - Nyabugogo.JPG|thumb|Igishanga|395x395px]] [[Dosiye:Swamp weather.jpg|thumb|148x148px|swamp of nkunamo]] '''Igishanga cya Nkunamo''' gihuza Gishubi na Mamba ho mu karere ka [[Gisagara]]. == Tumenye Igishanga cya Nkunamo == [[Dosiye:Everglades Pa-Hay-Oke Swamp.jpg|thumb|144x144px|Igishanga]] Igishanga cya Nkunamo ni igishanga giherereye mu karere ka Gisagara aho gikorerwamo ubuhinzi bw'umuceri. Igishanga cya Nkunamo gihuza Gishubi na Mamba,Mu mwaka wa 2017 ni igishanga kitari kigitanga umusaruro kuko Igishanga cya Nkunamo n'igishanga cya Mirayi byari byakamye cyane. Byasabaga ko byubakwaho ingomero zigezweho zigafasha kubyuhira bigahingwa bigatanga umusaruro kuko ibishanga usanga biba bitunze abantu benshi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/gisagara-barifuza-iki-kuri-perezida-uzatorwa.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-30 |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430095511/https://ar.umuseke.rw/gisagara-barifuza-iki-kuri-perezida-uzatorwa.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ni ikibazo cyari gihangayikishije abaturage kuko wasangaga hari abaturage bakivoma ibishanga. Mugihe hariho gahunda yuko ibishanga byagombaga guhingwamo umuceri n'ibigori kuko aribyo bihingwa byari byaratoranijwe, ubuhinzi bw'ibijumba kugira ngo bubeho byari ingora bahizi ari mu karere ka Gisagara n'ahandi hantu henshi hagiye hatandukanye ho mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo.<ref>https://kubahonet.com/tag/akarere-ka-gisagara/</ref> === Ibyihariye mu Igishanga cya Nkunamo === [[Dosiye:Notre Dame du Mont Carmel 049.jpg|thumb|140x140px|igishanga]] Igishanga cya Nkunamo ho mu Mudugudu wa Nkunamo mu Kagari ka Nyakibungo ho mu Murenge wa Gishubi ho ibijumba barabihinze kuri ubu bafite ibyo gutunga ingo kandi bihagije barimo no kugurisha imbuto z'imigozi bakabona amafranga menshi abafasha mu kubaho neza nkuko abaturage bahaturiye babivuga.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibishanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] ic7vss9winouhut5p9bhtql3i9orizd Urusyo 0 16631 137777 136003 2026-09-15T17:10:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137777 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urusyo_img.jpg|thumb|Urusyo]] [[Dosiye:Urusyo_rumaze_gukoreshwa.jpg|thumb|Urusyo rumaze gukoreshwa]] '''Urusyo''' rusobanura ibuye, rimeze nk'uruziga useraho (rwo gusya ingano), uruziga rukomeye . Mu kwagura ikintu cyizengurutse cyane ibyatsi cyangwa uruziga rwa foromaje . Iri jambo rishobora kandi kwerekeza ikirundo cy'ibiti bitwikiriwe nisi ikoreshwa mu gukora amakara .Birashoboka cyane ko urusyo ruzenguruka rwaba rwarakorewe mu bihugu bikikije inyanja ya mediterane ahagana mu kinyejana cya kabiri M.I.C<ref name=":0">https://glosbe.com/rw/rw/urusyo</ref> Iri jambo kandi bifite imizi imwe ninshinga gusya.<ref name=":1">https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/dutembere-i-nyanza-rwesero-mwima-na-mushirarungu-ku-gicumbi-cy-umuco-nyarwanda</ref> == Amagambo == Iri jambo riva mu kilatini rikaba risobanure urusyo. Urusyo rwakoreshaga gute mu bihe bya bibiriya??<ref name=":0" /> Umuntu ubera abandi igisitaza, icyamubera kiza ni uko yahambirwa urusyo runini ku ijosi maze akarohwa mu nyanja, Amadini y'ibinyoma azazimangatana, nk'urusyo rujugunywe mu nyajwa-; Ibyahishuwe18;21<ref name=":0" /> == Ikirundo cy'ibyatsi cyangwa ibyatsi == [[Dosiye:Claude_Monet_-_White_Frost,_Sunrise.JPG|left|thumb| Ibyatsi, byabonywe bwa mbere na Claude Monet .]] [[Dosiye:Foin_meule_Roumanie.jpg|thumb| Haystack muri Romaniya.]] Urusyo ni igikoresho cyo kumisha no kubika ibyatsi mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya XX . ikinyejana, nyuma yo gutema cyangwa gusarura, byabanzaga gutunganywa n'intoki, nyuma yo kubitunganya, kandi mbere yuko iki gikorwa giteranwa hagamijwe kubihunika mu bishanga, hamwe no guteza imbere uburyobikoreshwa mu buhinzi. Ryari rifite kandi imbogamizi zo gushobora kureka bimwe mu bice byacyo bikanyagirwa n’imvura, ubundi bikagira uburozi cyangwa se gutera uburwayi inyamaswa .<ref name=":1" /> == Igikoresho == Uruziga rusya ni ibuye rishobora gukorwa mu ibuye risanzwe ryangirika ( ni urusyo ruzunguruka ) cyangwa rigizwe n'umukungugu mwinshi, hamwe na hamwe ukoresha resinike ya fenolike ( ni inziga zo mu bwoko bwa bakelite ) cyangwa ibumba (ibiziga bisya ceramike). Inziga zo gusya zikoreshwa mu gusya no kuma mashini zisya . Inziga zisya zikoreshwa mu gukuraho uduce duto twibikoresho cyangwa gukata.<ref name=":1" /> rero, uruziga rusya rwinjije mu kigega cyuzuye amazi, ndetse kandi rwatwarwaga no kuzunguruka; byemeye, kurugero rwo gusya, ndetse no gukarisha ibyuma nibindi byuma. urusyo rugaragara hamwe na moteri yo gusya, na moteri y'amashanyarazi . Kugeza ubu, urusyo ni inziga zikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye hari nk'icyuma, inganda, kubaka ibyuma, kubaka imodoka, kariyeri n'amabuye ya marimari . Uruziga rutegurwa cyangwa rugororotse hifashishijwe igikoresho cyu zuzanya cyitwa ''umwambaro'', diyama yanditswe cyangwa ikozwe mu karibone ishobora kuvana ibikoresho mu ruziga.<ref name=":1" /> ; Ibyiyumvo byo kuzunguruka : Uruziga rwa mabuye rukoreshwa hanze y'umugozi, bitandukanye nu ruziga ruhindukirira insinga kugirango ityaze.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.musanze.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/dukome-urusyo-dukome-ningasire |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-03-26 |archive-date=2025-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212064443/https://www.musanze.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/dukome-urusyo-dukome-ningasire |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gusya == [[Dosiye:Korean.Folk.Village-Minsokchon-10.jpg|left|thumb| uko basya mu ruziga ruyobowe no gukurura inyamaswa aha ni muri Koreya.]] [[Dosiye:Meule1.JPG|thumb| Urusyo rw'ingano rukoreshwa.]] Amabuye y'urusyo yari agamije kandi gusya ibinyampeke mo ifu ( ibinyampeke, amahembe, igituza, karobo, imyelayo , n'ibindi ) banza ukoreshe amabuye yoroheje yafasha intoki, hanyuma akoreshwe ni nyamaswa cyangwa amababa yu muyaga cyangwa uruziga cyangwa turibine yimashini, mbere yuko haza moteri zifite insyo zigezweho. Uruganda ruto rw'amashanyarazi ruragurishwa kugirango rubyare ifu. == Guhinga ibihumyo bihingwa == [[Dosiye:Champignonniere_meules.jpg|thumb| Gukora mumabuye.]] Amabuye y'urusyo agereranya imirongo miremire y'ifumbire mu mazu y'ibihumyo yahingamo ibihumyo (reba ifoto). == Inyandiko == == Ingingo zijyanye ==   * Konserwatori yamashanyarazi na cobblestone mu kibaya cya erpernon * Adirt * Inganda zikora urusyo == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amabuye y'agaciro]] dddxs99ob86u6hg8dvor9thse7xkt4k Icyayi cyoherezwa muri Pakistan 0 16823 137356 133369 2026-09-15T14:30:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137356 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tea plantation Rwanda.jpg|thumb|'''Icyayi''']] [[Dosiye:Camellia sinensis in Bao Loc.jpg|thumb|Icyayi]] [[Dosiye:Gusarura icyayi mumurima.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Camellia sinensis 2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Tea with saucer as served in Pakistan.jpg|thumb|icyayi cya pakisitani]] U [[Rwanda]] rwohereje mu mahanga icyayi cya miliyari zirenga ebyiri z’amafaranga y’u [[Rwanda]] mu cyumweru, ni mu gihe [[ikawa]] yoherejwe yinjiza miliyoni zirenga 170Frw. == Ibyo wamenya == Imibare yatangajwe n’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi .Imibare ya NAEB kandi yerekana ko icyayi cyoherejwe mu mahanga mu cyumweru kingana na toni 855.4, cyinjiza 2.244.830 z’amadolari ni ukuvuga arenga miliyari 2Frw. Impuzandengo ku kilo yari amadolari 2.6, kikaba cyaroherejwe cyane muri Pakistan n’u [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/u-rwanda-rwohereje-mu-mahanga-icyayi-cya-miliyari-zirenga-2frw-mu-cyumweru</ref>Mu cyumweru u [[Rwanda]] rwohereza mumahanga icyayi cya miliyari zirenga ebyiri z'amafranga y'u [[Rwanda]].Ibihugu byoherejwemo icyayi cyinshi cy’u [[Rwanda]] ni [[Pakisitani|Pakistan]], [[Misiri]], u [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], Kazakhstan, [[Sudani|Sudan]] na [[Afuganisitani|Afghanistan]]. Mu mwaka wa 2021 icyayi cyacurujwe mu mahanga cyari ibilo 510.016, byavuyemo $1.322.965. == Ibiciro uko byari byifashe == Igiciro fatizo cy’icyayi ariko cyongeye kugabanuka, kiva ku $2.7 ikilo cyagurwagaho kigera ku $2.5 ku kilo. Mu cyumweru cyabanje nabwo igiciro fatizo ku kilo cyari cyagabanutseho 0.36%. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ikawa-u-rwanda-rwohereje-mu-mahanga-yazamutse-145/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-08 |archive-date=2023-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606035143/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ikawa-u-rwanda-rwohereje-mu-mahanga-yazamutse-145/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ugereranyije ingano y’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’inyungu yavuyemo byazamutse 145% na 111.8% nk’uko bikurikirana. Igiciro fatizo cyo cyaragabanyutse kiva ku $3.7 ku kilo mu cyumweru cyabanje kigera ku $3.2.ingano y’ikawa y’u Rwanda yoherejwe mu mahanga mu cyumweru yazamutse ku 145%, inyungu yavuyemo izamukaho 111.8%. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Icyayi]] [[Ikiciro:Ikawa]] crdfvrradqbv7w559hofqmxs34yhqui Gati Meddy 0 16841 137594 95920 2026-09-15T16:43:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gati Meddy''' ni umunyarwanda akaba ari rwiyemezamirimo watangije ubucuruzi ariko bw’ibikorwa ahanini byo muri Amerika noneho akabigemura mu [[Rwanda]], abicishije mu isosiyete yashinze ikorera kuri murandasi.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/gati-yatangije-iduka-rigemura-ibicuruzwa-byo-muri-amerika-abizana-mu-rwanda</ref> == Ni Muntu ki == Gati Meddy Ni umusore ukiri muto ufite imigambi mu kuzamura ubucuruzi bukorerwa kuri murandasi, mugufasha abakiri bato ndetse bashaka kwinjira mu bucuruzi bukoresheje ikoranabuhanga. Gati Meddy yize ibijyanye n’amashanyarazi.<ref name=":0" /> == Mu bucuruzi == Meddy Yatangiye ubu bucuruzi muri 2012 ahereye ku iduka rizwi ku Isi rya eBay na Amazon,yabanje gucuruza amadarubindi arinda izuba n’amasaha, avaho kurirwo rwego ahita atangiza iduka ryakoreraga ku rubuga rwe bwite yashinze rwitwa www.gatishop.com muri 2015. Gati Shop yatangiriye ku Mugabane wa [[Amerika]], [[Ositaraliya|ositraliya]], u [[Burayi]] na [[Aziya]] nyuma yo muri 2017 afata umwanzuro wo gutangiza nanone [[Mall for Africa]], isosiyete igemura ibicuruzwa biva muri Amerika abyohereza ababikeneye mu Rwanda. Gati ubu afite amaduka 180 yo muri [[Amerika]] ndetse [[Bwongereza]] bakora.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/dhl-express-rwanda-yahishuriye-abashoramari-80-inyungu-zihishe-mu-gucururiza</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] 4t9jd9irij8qa9n5tswwx7qjek2oe86 Ikigo cy’imari RIM 0 16894 137710 96028 2026-09-15T16:58:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137710 wikitext text/x-wiki RIM ni kigo cy’[[imari iciriritse]] cyashinzwe na [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Kiliziya Gatorika]] mu [[Rwanda]], n'ikigo kimaze y’imyaka myinshi mu rugendo rukomeje rwo gukura abantu mu bukene.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/rim-yizihije-isabukuru-y-imyaka-15-imaze-ikura-abanyarwanda-mu-bukene</ref> == Gutangira == RIM ubwo yatangiraga gukora nk'ikigo cy’imari iciriritse hari muri Gicurasi 2004, ubwo yabonaga uruhushya urutangwa nda Banki nkuru y’igihugu, ruyemerera gukora nk’ikigo cy’imari muri Ukwakira muri uwo mwaka. Muri 1998 nibwo hatangiye ikigo cy’ikigega ku gitekerezo cyari icya Caritas ya Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali, ubwo yari ifatanyije na za Caritas zo muzindi diyoseze. Icyo kigega rero cyahise gitangira gutanga inguzanyo z’igihe gito kubantu bakene n’abakoraga ubucuruzi bwo mu muhanda bitaga nkunganire, kugeza ubwo muri 2004 cyemererwa na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda nk’ikigo cy’imari cyemewe gukorera mu Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Inguzanyo == Abatabgiranye na RIM yitwaga Nkunganire muri 1998. Icyo gihe ngo yafashaga abantu ibavana mu muhanda ikabaguriza bahera ku mafaranga ibihumbi 15,000 frw bagakora ubucuruzi buciriritse biteza imbere. Kuri ubu ngo ni abantu bafata inguzanyo ya miliyoni ebyiri muri RIM, akayakoresha mu bucuruzi. RIM urebye ikorera muri diyosezi zigera ku icyenda za Kiliziya Gatolika, no muri maparuwasi 78 yazo. Ikaba ihafite amashami 36 akoresha ikoranabuhanga rimwe rigezweho ryorohereza abakiliya gukoresha serivisi zayo aho bari hose.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] itam7jo2nl73nyqpa3be6zb4bqgf51y Kwatsa imodoka ukoresheje ikarita 0 17076 137763 104425 2026-09-15T17:08:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137763 wikitext text/x-wiki Nyuma y’imyaka igera kuri itatu biga muri [[IPRC Karongi]], Niyigirimpuhwe Isidore na Tuyizere Emmanuel bafatanyije na mwalimu wabo bakora amakarita akora akazi nk’aka kontake , akoza agakarita ako kuma kitwa RFI Reader, akaba ari na ho ukoza mu kuzimya imodoka . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://popote.rw/iprc-bakoze-uburyo-bwo-kwatsa-imodoka-ukoresheje-ikarita-ya-tapgo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-date=2021-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426110740/http://popote.rw/iprc-bakoze-uburyo-bwo-kwatsa-imodoka-ukoresheje-ikarita-ya-tapgo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uko bikora == Ako kuma ubundi gashyirwa iruhande rw’aho basanzwe binjiza kontake, ku buryo mu kwatsa imodoka cyangwa kuyizimya ukoresha kontake cyangwa ikarita ya Tap and Go bitewe n’ikikubangukiye, Ikarita ukoresha watsa imodoka ariko si yo ukoresha uzimya, hatekerejwe amakarita abiri mu kwirinda ko iyo wakoresheje watsa yagwa kuri RFI Reader imodoka ikazima utabishaka, Iyo ukojejeho ako gakarita bwa mbere imodoka iraka ukaba wenda wacana radiyo cyangwa ukavuza ihoni, washaka gutangira urugendo ugakozaho ubwa kabiri, washaka kuzimya imodoka ugakoresha akandi gakarita .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] 5eq7ekxyh8vog9ona3xt3rwgasinbal Cyato Tea Plantation and factory Ltd 0 17101 137433 131545 2026-09-15T14:56:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137433 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Styx factory.jpg|thumb|icyayi]] [[Dosiye:LL-Q33573 (kin)-FAUVETTE G-Cyato.wav|thumb|Sound of Cyato]] '''Cyato Tea Plantation and factory Ltd''' ni ni uruganda rukora icyayi cya majyane, ruri mu Kagari ka Susa, Umurenge wa Kanjongo mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|karere ka Nyamasheke]], aho uruganda rutunganya icyayi, hari n'abaturage bishyize hamwe bagura ubutaka bwa hegitare ebyiri bahigaho icyayi .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://mail.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nyamasheke-biyemeje-kwikura-mu-bukene-babikesheje-ubuhinzi-bw-icyayi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-16 |archive-date=2023-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616093120/https://mail.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nyamasheke-biyemeje-kwikura-mu-bukene-babikesheje-ubuhinzi-bw-icyayi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abaturage == Amatsinda y'abaturage bapanga gahunda yo kugura umurima babanje gukora hamwe, biyemeza guhinga icyayi kuko hari uruganda rumaze igihe gito rutwegerejwe, uruganda rwa Cyato plantation tea factory , Buri munyamuryango yishakamo ibihumbi 15 Frw maze uwo muryango ubinyujije mu itorero rya Ababatisita, Paruwasi ya Gatabe, ikabashakira imbuto .<ref name=":0" /> == Icyayi == Cyato Tea Plantation and factory Ltd batuganya Icyayi, aho aba baturage batangiye gutera gifite agaciro ka Miliyoni 5.2 Frw harimo miliyoni imwe n’igice yatanzwe na Compassion International, andi mafaranga asigaye akaba yaratanzwe n’abanyamuryango muri biri tsinda.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] d4crymqslz6rplrm0kn8bqeb6rxki8d Kinazi Cassava Plant 0 17111 137357 96383 2026-09-15T14:30:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kinazi Cassava Plant''' ni [[Uruganda rw` icyayi|uruganda]] rwa Kinazi rutunganya imyumbati, rwatangizwa mu 2012 rukora ifu mu myumbati ihingwa mu Rwanda, uru ruganda rutanga akazi ku barenga 130 . <ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/perezida-kagame-yasabye-ko-uruganda-rwa-kinazi-rwongera-umusaruro-mu-bwinshi-no</ref> == Ibyo Rukora == Kinazi Cassava Plant ni uruganda '''r'''umaze gutera imbere bifatika, ntanze nk’urugero ku myumbati umusaruro wayo wavuye kuri toni ibihumbi 204 ugera ku bihumbi 406 ku mwaka. Ndumva ari ibintu abaturage bishimira. Bigendanye n’uwo musaruro, kuba hari uruganda rutunganya ifu y’imyumbati ari intambwe nziza yatewe, aho rukora ku gipimo cya 50% by’ubushobozi bwarwo, rukaba rugiye kuzamuka rugakora kukigero cya 70% cyangwa 80%, ni uruganda rwasuwe na Peresida [[Paul Kagame|Kagame paul]] .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] enxkbylidrx34tn0bhai1wjril9i4hh Master Steel Limited 0 17112 137519 96384 2026-09-15T15:53:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Master Steel Limited''' ni Uruganda ruherereye mu murenge wa Gahanga, mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Karere ka Kicukiro]] mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]] rukora ibikoresho bitandukanye by’ubwubatsi kandi bifite ubuziranenge birimo amabati, ibyuma, amatiyo n’ibindi bigezweho .<ref name=":0">https://rushyashya.net/rwanda-uruganda-master-steel-limited-rwiyemeje-kugeza-ku-banyarwanda-ibikoresho-byubwubatsi-biramba-video/</ref> == Ibyo rukora == Master Steel Limited Kuva rwatangira imirimo y'ubwubatsi muri mwaka wa 2007, ubu rukora amabati meza, mu gusakara yiganje mu bwoko bubiri; harimo ayo bita asanzwe ariyo Garvanized iron sheet na Aluminium n’ayitwa amabara ya Pre-paint iron sheet hakabamo ay’ubwoko bwatatu nka Super cover akoreshwa cyane ku nyubako z’amashuri n’insengero. Hari kandi evertile ari mu ishusho y’amategura yifashishwa mu gukora igisenge bigezweho kandi bikomeye nka Ondulée, Tubes . Imisumali ndetse n’ibyuma bikora ibisenge, amaferabeto n’ubundi bwoko bw’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bitandukanye .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] ghdum78mmfxtxq08y2srog5nqtf4od8 Uruganda rw'Unicopromanya 0 17159 137500 96444 2026-09-15T15:50:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137500 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruganda rw'Unicopromanya''' ni uruganda runini rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora hafi toni 30 za kawunga ku munsi, ruri mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]], abaturage b’aka Karere bakunda ifunguro ryiza rya kawunga, kazwiho kweza ahanini umusaruro mwinshi w’ibigori. <ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/nyagatare-uruganda-rwa-kawunga-rukeneye-imashini-yumisha-umusaruro</ref> == Imikorere == Uruganda rw'Unicopromanya Rwubatse muri Gashyantare 2020, ni uruganda ruhuriweho na Kompanyi yitwa Joint Venture hamwe ndetse ni huriro ry’amakoperative y’abahinzi babigize umwuga b’ibigoribitwa UNICOPROMANYA . == Umusaruro == Uruganda rw'Unicopromanya rufite umusaruro mwinshi ujya gutunganyirizwa ahandi kawunga ikagaruka iduhenze kandi twahenzwe ku bigori. Abaturage bacu bahahira Uganda kandi kawunga itujuje ubuziranenge. Nidutangira kwikorera kawunga mu bigori byacu abahinzi bazabona igiciro cyiza ndetse na kawunga nziza kandi ku giciro cyiza.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] snkdn9371l2e4zrhf40vk0jeyt3xamz Iakib maize and animal feeds factory 0 17160 137458 127924 2026-09-15T15:16:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137458 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iakib maize and animal feeds factory''' ni uruganda runini rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora hafi toni 6 za kawunga ku munsi, ruri mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]], abaturage b’aka Karere bakunda ifunguro ryiza rya kawunga, kazwiho kweza ahanini umusaruro ugaragara w’ibigori.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/gicumbi-uruganda-rwa-kawunga-rwitezweho-guhaza-abajyaga-kuyishaka-muri-uganda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-19 |archive-date=2023-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619075640/https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/gicumbi-uruganda-rwa-kawunga-rwitezweho-guhaza-abajyaga-kuyishaka-muri-uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uruganda == Iakib maize and animal feeds factory ni uru ruganda rwatanzwe n’ abafatanyabikorwa b’Akarere,rukoreshwa na koperative yitwa IAKIB ihuje n'aborozi ba kijyambere. Rero Iyi Koperative ikaba yatunganyaga ifu ya kawunga ingana na toni esheshatu ku ku munsi gusa, Ariko kuri ubu bazajya batunganya toni 60 ku munsi. Mugihe Ibiryo by’amatungo bazajya batunganyaga hafi toni 20 ku munsi. <ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] fbbzea0jk5pq98i13upgcvhh2d5rgzp Uruganda rwa Supa 0 17164 137330 96450 2026-09-15T14:25:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruganda rwa Supa''' ni [[Uruganda rwa Kibuye 1|uruganda]] rukora impapuro z’isuku rwitwa zitwa SUPA, aho rukorera mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Karere ka Kicukiro]], mu umurenge wa Kicukiro. Uruganda rero rwa SUPA ubu rwatangiye gukorera ibikoresho by'isuku byitwa Baby wipes ( bizwi nka lingettes, Uruganda rwa Supa rero nyuma rwafashwe n’inkongi y’umuriro mwinshi mu gice no mucyumba cy'ububiko ndetse n’imashini zikora izi mpapuro hamwe n’ibyo bari bamaze gukora byose birakongoka .<ref>[https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/uruganda-rukora-impapuro-z-isuku-ruzwi-nka-supa-rwafashwe-n-inkongi-y-umuriro#! https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/uruganda-rukora-impapuro-z-isuku-ruzwi-nka-supa-rwafashwe-n-inkongi-y-umuriro#!]</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/uruganda-rwa-supa-ku-kicukiro-rwafashwe-n-inkongi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] sqg92s69yporlby1r9lgjamouzoicn6 Uruganda rwa Masaka Creamery 0 17166 137570 96452 2026-09-15T16:07:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137570 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruganda rwa Masaka Creamery''' ni uruganda runini rutunganya amata n’ibiyakomokaho byose rwitwa Masaka Creamery, mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|karere ka Kicukiro]] aho rwahinduye amacupa yashirwagamo bimwe mu bicuruzwa byarwo nka yahurute, mu rwego rwo kugira umwihariko warwo ku isoko .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umwihariko-w-uruganda-masaka-creamery-rwahinduye-amacupa-rwapfunyikagamo</ref> MASAKA Creamery Ltd imaze imyaka itandatu itunganya amata n’ibiyakomokaho, ndetse ibicuruzwa byayo biboneka mu maguriro anyuranye mu Mujyi wa Kigali no hirya no hino mu gihugu .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umwihariko-w-uruganda-masaka-creamery-rwahinduye-amacupa-rwapfunyikagamo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] 6c79b7ld0v64pqqgoz874i5jl8in806 Kayonza Distribution Company Ltd 0 17189 137303 96477 2026-09-15T14:22:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137303 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kayonza Distribution Company Ltd''' ni campanyi muri sosiyete zitunganya amavuta yo kurya . ni ishoramari ndetse rituma n’abandi bashishikarira gushora imari yabo mu itunganywa ry’amavuta kuko inganda zisanzwe ziyatunganya mu Rwanda zidahaza isoko ryaho . <ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/u-rwanda-rugiye-kugabanya-amavuta-yo-gutekesha-yatumizwaga-mu-mahanga</ref> == Umusaruro == Kayonza Distribution Company Ltd ni ishoramari ry’iyi sosiyete mu itunganywa ry’amavuta yo gutekesha, aho ruherereye mu karere ka kayonza, aho ruzagabanya amafaranga i gihugu rutanga mu kuyatumiza kuko urwo ruganda ruzajya rutunganya toni 100.000 z’amavuta ku munsi .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] fq6sj9n101ph9k01c590mcbhyscm4cr Uruganda rw'Iyaga Plus 0 17205 137331 96496 2026-09-15T14:26:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruganda rw'Iyaga Plus''' ni uruganda rukora amarangi y’ubwoko butandukanye. Ni uru ruganda ruherereye mu Cyanya cyihariye cy’Inganda cyi Masoro kiri mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]] mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa kigali]]. rwafashwe n’inkongi y’umuriro, ni uruganda rwakoraga kandi amarangi, hakaba hari nahakorerwaga urw’amasafuriya, uru ruganda rwahiye aho hahiriyemo ibintu bifite agaciro ka miliyari zirenga 20 z'amafaranga yu Rwanda .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/uruganda-rw-amarangi-rwafashwe-n-inkongi-i-masoro-amafoto</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] p4hn37a5ycuoffpclbbkpjtqkagxqp8 Rusirare Jacques 0 17209 137609 131438 2026-09-15T16:44:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137609 wikitext text/x-wiki Iyo bavuze uruganda AMEKI Color, uhita wumva umunyemari akaba na rwiyemezamirimo Muzehe Jacques RUSIRARE[[Dosiye:Candidat Senateur Nkiliye Ildehons,.jpg|thumb|Rusirare Jacques Rwiyemezamirimo]] '''Rusirare Jaques''' ni [[Rwiyemezamirimo]] wavutse muri 1960, rero ubwo yigaga mu mashuri abanza, mushiki we mukuru yamuhaye ibiceri atibuka neza umubare ariko byari munsi y’amafaranga ijana y’u Rwanda ( 100FRW ), atangira gucuruza utuntu dutandukanye . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/jacques-rusirare-ufite-uruganda-rukora-amarangi-ni-muntu-ki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-20 |archive-date=2023-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620092511/https://menyanibi.rw/jacques-rusirare-ufite-uruganda-rukora-amarangi-ni-muntu-ki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amavuko == Rusirare Jaques ni munyemari ukomoka i Rutonde mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|ntara y'iburasirazuba]] akaba ari mu bakomeye mu [[Rwanda]] dore ko abarirwa mu cyiciro cy’abasoreshwa banini, avuga ko yarangije amashuri abanza muri 1963 ntashobore gukomeza mu yisumbuye kubera ibibazo by’amateka y’ivangura byaranze u Rwanda, bimutera kwishakira inzira agana iy’ubucuruzi buciriritse .<ref name=":0" /> == Ubucuruzi == Rusirare Jaques muri 1972, yaguye ubucuruze bwe maze afungura amagazini mu gice cy’ubucuruzi mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]] kuri Avenu du Commerce bimuhesha kugura ikamyo ya mbere muri 1974, nyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa agura ikamyo ya kabiri ahita afata isoko ryo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bya [[Bralirwa Brewery|BRALIRWA]] . Uyu mucuruzi wubatse izina mu gukora no gucuruza amarangi mu Rwanda binyuze mu uruganda rwa Ameki Color, avuga ko muri 1975 ari bwo yashoboye gusohoka mu gihugu atemberera muri [[Kenya]] i Nairobi bimufasha kubona imikorere y’abandi, ahakura igitekerezo cyo gukora amarangi .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Amarangi]] mkozauyah5eojmji6y36zffow1ua1ox Ubukwe bubumbatiye umuco nyarwanda gute? 0 17257 137697 136120 2026-09-15T16:54:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubukwe.jpg|thumb|Ubukwe mu Rwanda|346x346px]] [[Dosiye:Church Wedding 2 171.jpg|thumb|Gusezerana Imbere y'Imana murusengero|389x389px]] Ubukwe ni kimwe mubimenyetso bibumbatiye umuco kubera ko ariwo mwanya mwiza wo gukora imwe mumihango ndetse n'imigenzo yakorwaga mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere. sibyo gusa no muri ibi bihe iracyakorwa kandi niyo nzira igaragaza abo turi bo nkabanyarwanda. harimo nko:Gusaba no gufata irembo, Gusaba no gukwa, Gutanga indongoranyo, Gutebutsa, kogosha ,gutwikurura, kugeramurugo ndetse n'ibindi.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=ubukwe+mu+muco+nyarwanda&oq=UBUKWE+MUMU&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCAgBEAAYDRgeMgYIABBFGDkyCAgBEAAYDRgeMg0IAhAAGIYDGIAEGIoFMg0IAxAAGIYDGIAEGIoFMgcIBBAAGO8FMgoIBRAAGKIEGIkFMgcIBhAAGO8FMgcIBxAAGO8F0gEJMTM2MjBqMGo0qAIAsAIB&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> === Gusaba no gufata irembo === Gusaba no gufata irembo ni umuhango wakurikiraga kurambagiza ikabera iwabo w'umukobwa Iyo se w’umuhungu yabaga amaze kumvikana na se w’umukobwa igihe bazazira gusaba irembo, yatumaga ku muryango we akabagezaho urubanza afite. Umukuru w’umuryango akaba ari we ufata inshingano zo kuzajya gusabira irembo umuhungu wabo cyangwa akagira undi aziha cyanecyane akaba ari se w’umwana.<ref name=":0">https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=56100&token=2a4a696f1d8616f868f1a1c7ca930a5ee1242509</ref> Habagaho gusaba irembo bamara kuribemerera noneho nyuma hakaba umuhango wo gufata irembo.<ref name=":0" /> == Gukwa umugeni == Mu [[Rwanda]], gukwa ni ugutanga ikintu kemewe nk’[[Inkwano mu Rwanda|inkwano]] kugira ngo ubone umugeni, kikaba ari ikimenyetso cyo kwerekana ko umugeni afite aho aturuka, ko atishyingiye, ko ashyingiwe n’umuryango. [[Inkwano mu Rwanda|Inkwano]] rero yari ishimwe ry’umubyeyi w’umukobwa kubera ko yabaga yarareze neza, umwana akaba agiye gushinga urwe rugo.<ref name=":0" /> == Gutanga Indongoranyo == Mu [[Rwanda]], gukwa ni ugutanga ikintu kemewe nk’[[Inkwano mu Rwanda|inkwano]] kugira ngo ubone umugeni, kikaba ari ikimenyetso cyo kwerekana ko umugeni afite aho aturuka, ko atishyingiye, ko ashyingiwe n’umuryango. [[Inkwano mu Rwanda|Inkwano]] rero yari ishimwe ry’umubyeyi w’umukobwa kubera ko yabaga yarareze neza, umwana akaba agiye gushinga urwe rugo.Iyo umukobwa wasabwe akanakobwa ageze mu rugo rwe, Imana ikamuha urubyaro n’inka bamukoye ikabyara ubugira gatatu, inyana ivutse bwa gatatu se w’umukobwa ayirongoranya umukwe we.<ref name=":0" /> == Gutwikurura == Gutwikurura mu muco w’u [[Rwanda]], ni imihango ikorwa hagamijwe gusohora umugeni no kumuha uburenganzira bwo kugira imirimo akora.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2btd10ls69cgdeurzzy2coh9vts458k 137699 137697 2026-09-15T16:57:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 137699 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubukwe.jpg|thumb|Ubukwe mu Rwanda|346x346px]] [[Dosiye:Church Wedding 2 171.jpg|thumb|Gusezerana Imbere y'Imana murusengero|389x389px]] Ubukwe ni kimwe mubimenyetso bibumbatiye umuco kubera ko ariwo mwanya mwiza wo gukora imwe mumihango ndetse n'imigenzo yakorwaga mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere. sibyo gusa no muri ibi bihe iracyakorwa kandi niyo nzira igaragaza abo turi bo nkabanyarwanda. harimo nko:Gusaba no gufata irembo, Gusaba no gukwa, Gutanga indongoranyo, Gutebutsa, kogosha ,gutwikurura, kugeramurugo ndetse n'ibindi.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=ubukwe+mu+muco+nyarwanda&oq=UBUKWE+MUMU&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCAgBEAAYDRgeMgYIABBFGDkyCAgBEAAYDRgeMg0IAhAAGIYDGIAEGIoFMg0IAxAAGIYDGIAEGIoFMgcIBBAAGO8FMgoIBRAAGKIEGIkFMgcIBhAAGO8FMgcIBxAAGO8F0gEJMTM2MjBqMGo0qAIAsAIB&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Gusaba no gufata irembo == Gusaba no gufata irembo ni umuhango wakurikiraga kurambagiza ikabera iwabo w'umukobwa Iyo se w’umuhungu yabaga amaze kumvikana na se w’umukobwa igihe bazazira gusaba irembo, yatumaga ku muryango we akabagezaho urubanza afite. Umukuru w’umuryango akaba ari we ufata inshingano zo kuzajya gusabira irembo umuhungu wabo cyangwa akagira undi aziha cyanecyane akaba ari se w’umwana.<ref name=":0">https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=56100&token=2a4a696f1d8616f868f1a1c7ca930a5ee1242509</ref> Habagaho gusaba irembo bamara kuribemerera noneho nyuma hakaba umuhango wo gufata irembo.<ref name=":0" /> == Gukwa umugeni == Mu [[Rwanda]], gukwa ni ugutanga ikintu kemewe nk’[[Inkwano mu Rwanda|inkwano]] kugira ngo ubone umugeni, kikaba ari ikimenyetso cyo kwerekana ko umugeni afite aho aturuka, ko atishyingiye, ko ashyingiwe n’umuryango. [[Inkwano mu Rwanda|Inkwano]] rero yari ishimwe ry’umubyeyi w’umukobwa kubera ko yabaga yarareze neza, umwana akaba agiye gushinga urwe rugo.<ref name=":0" /> == Gutanga Indongoranyo == Mu [[Rwanda]], gukwa ni ugutanga ikintu kemewe nk’[[Inkwano mu Rwanda|inkwano]] kugira ngo ubone umugeni, kikaba ari ikimenyetso cyo kwerekana ko umugeni afite aho aturuka, ko atishyingiye, ko ashyingiwe n’umuryango. [[Inkwano mu Rwanda|Inkwano]] rero yari ishimwe ry’umubyeyi w’umukobwa kubera ko yabaga yarareze neza, umwana akaba agiye gushinga urwe rugo.Iyo umukobwa wasabwe akanakobwa ageze mu rugo rwe, Imana ikamuha urubyaro n’inka bamukoye ikabyara ubugira gatatu, inyana ivutse bwa gatatu se w’umukobwa ayirongoranya umukwe we.<ref name=":0" /> == Gutwikurura == Gutwikurura mu muco w’u [[Rwanda]], ni imihango ikorwa hagamijwe gusohora umugeni no kumuha uburenganzira bwo kugira imirimo akora.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 1in5nshv798as3c8uae02znn5fncs8g Munyaneza Omar 0 17430 137727 108507 2026-09-15T17:01:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137727 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Munyaneza omar''' ni umugabo w'umunyarwanda uyobora ikigo gitunganya amazi cyitwa Wasac. Munyaneza akaba yarigeze kuba Umudepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko]] yu [[Rwanda]], yabaye umuyobozi wa Komisiyo mukuru ushinzwe Kugenzura Imikoreshereze y’Imari bya Leta yitwa PAC, yabaye kandi umwarimu muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] . Munyaneza akaba abarizwa mu ishyaka rya FPR inkotanyi .<ref>https://umuseke.rw/kicukiro-abakandida-ba-fpr-mu-nteko-ngo-bazatora-amategeko-yasesenguwe-byimbitse.html?fbclid=IwAR1v_sUuPtClF_Z0mRo-W9D_MN3nmrzHX8R8emI8Qi0cOy63lVA21hiNEUc</ref> Munyaneza ubusazwe ni inzobere yaminuje mu bijyanye n’amazi kuko yize ibijyanye n’amazi ni ukuvuga PhD in Hydrology and Water Resources .<ref>https://integonews.com/reg-na-wasac-byahawe-abayobozi-bashya-habitegeko-arasimburwa/</ref> [[Dosiye:WASAC_Kacyiru.jpg|thumb|WASAC Kacyiru]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko ishinga amategeko]] otlq3qe08lsuqp29xg0ch805sybevu8 Viateur Gahamanyi 0 17471 137815 125035 2026-09-15T18:17:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Gahamanyi viateur]] to [[Viateur Gahamanyi]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 125035 wikitext text/x-wiki Gahamanyi viateur yavutse kuwa 16 werurwe 1995, avukikira mucyahoze ari akarere ka nyagisagara muntara ya Gisenyi, ubu ni akarere ka ngororero muntara y'iburengerazuba. Gahamanyi Viateur yavukiye rimwe n'umuvandimwe we bavuka ari impanga. Yakuze ari umwana ugira umuhate n'ishyaka ryo gukora cyane aho nyina umubyara ariwe Nyirambanjimpundu Delphine yakunze kugaruka kumyitwarire idasanzwe irimo gufata inshingano ndetse no kwita kubababaye. amashuri abanza Gahamanyi viateur yayize kuri ecole primaire ya BUNGWE. nyuma yo gutsinda ikizamini cya Leta yakomeje mucyiciro rusange atsinda kumanota meza cyane akomereza muri COLLEGE ADEC- RUHANGA. yakomeje kugira umuhate cyane aho yasoje amashuri yisumbuye mumwaka 2014 mw'ishami ry'ibinyabuzima, ubutabire n'imibare. Gahamanyi Viateur yakomereje muri Kaminuza y'U Rwanda mw'ishami ry'uburezi. yasoje kaminuza mumwaka wa 2016 ahakura impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza, mumwaka 2017 yigishije mumashuri y'isumbuye mucyigo yizemo cya COLLEGE ADEC RUHANGA.kuva 2018 kugeza 2019 yakoze muri FONERWA aho yari ashinzwe kwinjiza amakuru muri mudasobwa ibizwi nka Data entry mumirenge ya Gatumba,Kabaya,Bwira na Muhororo. kuva 2019 , Gahamanyi Viateur yigishije mucyigo cya GS St Pierre Nkombo aho yigishije igihe kirekire isomo ry'Imibare. kuva 2019 ninabwo kandi yatangiye gukunda no kwihugura mw'isomo ry'imibare. 2019 yagiye kwiga muri kaminuza ya KAMPALA UNIVERSITY aho yigaga amasomo y'imibare n'ubutabire ndetse no kubyigisha. mumwaka wa 2020 icyorezo cya Covid-19, cyatumye adakomereza muri iyo kaminuza, aho yahise ahindura akajya gukomereza muri kaminuza ya KIBOGORA POLYTECHNIC. yakomeje kugira umuhate n'ubushake byatumye ahakura impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza, mubigendanye no kwigisha imibare n'ubugenge (Bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics with education). mumwaka wa 2022, Gahamanyi viateur yakomeje icyiciro cya kaminuza icyizwi nka Masters Degree mukwigisha imibare(Masters Degree in Mathematics education) muri Kaminuza ya MOUNT KENYA UNIVERSITY. Gahamanyi viateur yakomeje kandi kujya yitabira amahugurwa agendanye n'isomo ry'imibare, aha twavuga nk'ayateguwe na African Mathematical School and conference yabaye kuya 18 kamena kugeza 29, 2023. gahamanyi kandi yagiye atsindira ibihembo aha twavuga n'igihembo yahawe cy'umwarimu wahize abandi mukarere ka Rusizi cyatanzwe na African Mathematical Sciences (AIMS).Gahamanyi viateur yitabiriye kandi amahugurwa menshi hanze y'igihugu, ibizwi nka workshops mundimi z'amahanga, aha twavuga amahugurwa yitabiriye mugihugu cy'U BURUNDI kuya 18 kugeza kuya 30 kamena 2024 agendanye na mathematics and computer sciences for the economics. yitabiriye kandi iteraniro ry'abanyamibare b'abagore bo muri africa (inaugural african women in Algebra) yabereye mugihugu cya UGANDA kuva kuya 01 kugeza kuya 06 nyakanga 2024. Gahamanyi viateur yagize uruhare mw'itegurwa ry'amahugurwa y'ihuriro nyafrika ryitwa African Women in sagemath. Gahamanyi viateur yakosoye ibizamini bya Leta bisoza amashuri yisumbuye aho yakosoraga isomo ry'imibare. yakomereje mukigo cy'igihugu cy'ubumenyi ngiro (Rwanda Tvet Board) aho naho yakosoraga n'ubundi isomo ry'imibare ikorwa muma trades atandukanye. Mumwaka wa 2023 kandi Gahamanyi viateur, yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe guhugura abarezi mw'isomo ry'imibare, ibizwi nka Master trainer aho yahuguraga abarezi k'uburyo bushya bw'imibarize( assessments) bugamije gupima ireme ry'ibyo umwana yize mumasomo (competences) aya mahugurwa yateguwe na African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS). umwaka wa 2016 kandi nawo twavuga ko yakoze amahugurwa y' imiyoborere kuri 7 habits of a highly effective people by steven convey, ubunararibonye n'ubumenyi yahakuye bwagiye bumufasha kuyobora mubintu bitandukanye, aha twavuga igihe yigaga icyiciro cya gatatu (master's degree) yabaye uhagarariye abandi banyeshuri bizwi nka class presentative (CP) kw'ishuri yizemo rya mount kenya university aho yayoboye imyaka ibiri.Gahamanyi Viateur kuri ubu ni Asstistant Lecturer muri Kaminuza Gaturika Ya Kabgayi (INSTITUT CATHOLIQUE DE KABGAYI) aho akora nk'umwalimu w'isomo ry'Imibare. 3bbi777je8lzymg58ymrhvicwuth5oy Umuhumuza Gisele 0 17478 137413 128046 2026-09-15T14:53:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137413 wikitext text/x-wiki Umuhumuza Gisele ni Umuyobozi Mukuru w’ikigo gikuru cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Isuku n’Isukura (WASAC)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/umuhumuza-gisele-yashimiye-perezida-kagame-wamuzamuye-mu-ntera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-12-11 |archive-date=2023-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211113000/https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/umuhumuza-gisele-yashimiye-perezida-kagame-wamuzamuye-mu-ntera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:WASAC!.jpg|thumb|WASAC|290x290px]] == Amasomo == [[Dosiye:WASAC 1.jpg|thumb|WASAC|298x298px]] Umuhumuza afite impamyabumenyi ( Master’s Degree ) y’Icyiciro cya Gatatu cya Kaminuza mu Bijyanye no gucunga ibikorwa remezo nk’umutungo n’amazi, aho yayikuye muri Kaminuza ya Heriot Watt yo muri Edinburgh/Scotland .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] tjjmj7fry4p84nae5ezw2eqc668d429 Impyiko 0 17491 137595 114737 2026-09-15T16:43:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137595 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kidney PioM.png|thumb|Kidney PioM]] [[Dosiye:Gray1120.png|thumb|impyiko]] [[Dosiye:CDC Kidney and Diabetes graphic.jpg|thumb|Kidney ]] [[Dosiye:Urinary system - Kidney 3 -- Smart-Servier.png|thumb|Urinary system ]] impyiko nigice kimwe mu bigize [[umubiri]], giherereye munsi y'imbavu.zikaba zidufitiye akamaro mu buzima bwa buri munsi<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/indwara/article/dore-uko-wakwirinda-uburwayi-bw-impyiko</ref> == akamaro k'impyiko == impyiko ziyungurura amaraso zidufasha gukora umuseburo udufasha ushinzwe gutembereza umwuka duhumeka zidufasha kuringaniza neza amazi twanyweye<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} nj4443zxkrqkrq0x4qezy154s943byb Joshua IGIRIBAMBE 0 17496 137459 117238 2026-09-15T15:16:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jowest-50385.jpg|thumb|<ref><nowiki>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/mu-ndirimbo-ye-nshya-jowest-yakomoje-ku-buzima-bwa-gereza-yari-amazemo-iminsi</nowiki></ref>]] Umuhanzi w'umunyarwanda Joshua GIRIBAMBE uzwi k'izina rya Jowest muri muzika nyarwanda afunzwe azira guhatiriza umukobwa kuryamana nawe ndetse no gukubita no gukomeretsa<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-jowest-akurikiranyweho-ibyaha-birimo-gukoresha-undi-imibonano</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 7lwpkit6vwsig24fghny2uf7ut38vq2 Claudette Nsengimana 0 17500 137805 101571 2026-09-15T18:16:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Claudette nsengimana]] to [[Claudette Nsengimana]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 101571 wikitext text/x-wiki == Claudette Nsengimana == == Biographie == Claudette Nsengimana (yavutse muri Gicurasi 1997 i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]) ni umunyarwandakazi wahoze ari umunyamakuru wa Radio na Televiziyo, umujyanama mu by’imitekerereze, [https://www.youtube.com/@ClaudetteNSENGIMANA umuhanga w’ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi]. Azwi cyane ku bw'akazi ke nk'umunyamakuru kuri Isango Star no ku bw'ikiganiro cye cyamamaye cyitwa "Inama y'umunsi," kigamije kugira inama ku mibanire y'abantu, iby’ingo, n’impanuro z'ubuzima bwa buri munsi.<ref group=" https://www.youtube.com/@ClaudetteNSENGIMANA">https://www.youtube.com/@ClaudetteNSENGIMANA</ref> == Ubuzima bw'Amashuri n'Uburezi == Nsengimana yavukiye kandi arererwa i [[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Yize amashuri makuru muri [https://mkur.ac.rw/ Kaminuza ya Mount Keny]a ishami rya Kigali, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu Itangazamakuru. == Umwuga == Nsengimana yatangiye umwuga mu itangazamakuru muri Gicurasi 2017 ubwo yinjiraga muri Isango Star nk'umunyamakuru wa radiyo na televiziyo. Uburyo bwe bwo gutanga ibiganiro n'ubushishozi mu by'ibibazo by'abaturage bwatumye aba ijwi ry’ingenzi mu itangazamakuru ry'u Rwanda. Mu gihe yari muri Isango Star, Nsengimana yatangije "Inama y'umunsi," ikiganiro cyatumye azamuka mu izina kubera ibiganiro bihuza abantu ku bijyanye n’imibanire. Uku kwamamara kw'iki kiganiro kwaje kugaragaza ubushobozi bwe mu bijyanye no kugira inama, bituma atangira gukunda umwuga w’ubujyanama. Yakurikije iyi mpano nshya, Nsengimana yerekeje muri Mexique mu mwaka wa 2021 kwiga icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza muri Psychologie. Iki cyiciro cy’amashuri cyatangiye urugendo rwe nk'umujyanama mu by'imibanire n'abantu bakundana n'ubuzima busanzwe. Hirya y’umwuga we nk’umujyanama, Nsengimana yarigaragaje nk'umuhanga muby'urukundo, ahanini agamije gutanga inama mu mibanire n’iterambere rya buri muntu. Yagize uruhare runini mu bitangazamakuru bitandukanye aho akomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kugira inama abantu benshi. == Ubuzima bwite == Nsengimana yabashije kugira ibanga ubuzima bwe bwite. Amakuru yerekeye umuryango we cyangwa iby’inyungu ze bwite hanze y’umwuga we ntibyatangajwe. == Uruhare n'Icyubahiro == Nubwo ibihembo n'icyubahiro ntibyavuzweho by'umwihariko, uruhare rwa Nsengimana mu bantu yumvisha no mu bakiriya be, cyane cyane binyuze mu "Inama y'umunsi," byatumye aba umujyanama wizewe n'umunyamakuru w'icyamamare. == Imiyoboro y'Ikoranabuhanga == Profil ya LinkedIn Konti ya Instagram Paji ya Facebook Uruyoboro rwa YouTube == Amashakiro == "Claudette NSENGIMANA - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. Isango Star, "Home - Isango Star 91.5 Inyenyeri imurikira rubanda". Isango Star. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. "Kaminuza ya Mount Kenya – Gutanga ubumenyi mu iterambere ry'ibisekuru". Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. "Claudette NSENGIMANA - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. Nsengimana, Claudette. "Claudette Nsengimana Linkedin". "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. "Claudette NSENGIMANA - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. d8tywofpclqgtimlwova642n4glcsfm Jean daniel SINDAYIGAYA 0 17525 137414 105762 2026-09-15T14:53:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137414 wikitext text/x-wiki Jean Daniel Sindayigaya ni umunyamakuru ukorera ikigo cyigihugu cyiyangaza makuru (RBA) wabigize umwuga uzwi mumagambo yimpine nka JDS nkuko akunze kubyiyita akaba Amaze imyaka myinshi mumwuga wubunyamakuru kubunyamakuru. Nkuko bivugwa yamaze akazi kubunyamakuru nago ariko kazi yabanje gukora bivugwako yabanje kuba umumwarimu nyuma yuko asoje umwaka wanyuma wakaminuza muki 1993. Aza gukomeza umwugawe ubwo yigishaga no muri kaminuza. Mubyukuri uyu SINDAYIGAYA avugako ubunyamakuru atigize abishyiraho umutima mu buto bwe kandi akongeraho ati arihejuru yi myaka 40 iyo bamubamubajije .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umwarimu-wabaye-umunyamakuru-ibyo-wamenya-kuri-jean-daniel-sindayigaya-umaze</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 3j71d8kj81rjgr3t4hhk8pz6k8xk34r Orbit Reader 20 0 17553 137332 101671 2026-09-15T14:26:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Orbit Reader 20''' Ni imashini y'ikoranabuhanga ikoreshwa cyangwa yifashishwa n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona ikabafasha kubasha gusoma no kwandika. == Ibyo twamenya kuri Orbit Reader 20 == '''Orbit Reader 20''' imashini y'ikoranabuhanga ifasha afite ubumuga bwo kutabona ikabafasha kubasha gusoma no kwandika ni imashini ifasha abanyeshuri kubasha guhana amakuru na mwalimu bikaba ari muburyo bworoshye.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/article/reb-igiye-gutanga-imashini-za-orbit-reader-20-kuri-buri-munyeshuri-mu-batabona</ref> '''Orbit Reader 20''' kandi ishobora guhuzwa n'ibindi bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga nka Smart Phone na mudasobwa hifashishije uburyo bukoreshwa buzwi nka Bluetooth bigafasha abanyeshuri guhanga amakuru na mwalimu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/abanyeshuri-bafite-ubumuga-bwo-kutabona-batangiye-guhabwa-utumashini-tw-ikoranabuhanga</ref> Ni uburyo bwa '''Orbit Reader 20''' bwaasimbuye ubwari buzwi nka Classic bwarimo imbogamizi zihuriye no kuba ubwo buryo bwarakoreshwaga imashini zifashishwaga harimo agakoresho kameze nk'ikaramu kuburyo abantu bazikoreshaga bafite ubumuga babaga bakwikomeretsa. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} q6auekffbjlut85bydgi5lgkpgwyrli Inama y’Igihugu y’Abantu bafite ubumuga 0 17557 137698 136487 2026-09-15T16:54:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137698 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:They have the same rights as we, they want to study and learn.jpg|thumb|ubumuga]] [[Dosiye:Persons Living with Disability in Ghana at the Global Disability Summit co-hosted in Ghana.jpg|thumb|abantu bafite ubumuga]] [[Dosiye:A PhD holder with mobility impairment.jpg|thumb|ubumuga]] [[Dosiye:Neighborhoods in Yaounde Events23.jpg|thumb|abantu bafite ubumuga]] '''NCDP''' mu Rwanda ( National council of persons with disabilities in Rwanda ) mu gambo arambuye ni '''Inama y’Igihugu y’Abantu bafite ubumuga''' mu Rwanda. Aho haheruswe gukorwa ibarura riri rusange ryakozwe mu 2022 ryaje kugaragaza ko abantu bafite ubumuga mu Rwanda bagera kubihumbi 391.775, aho bangana na 3,4% bya miliyoni 13,24 z’abatuye batuye mu Rwanda. Hakaba abagore bafite ubumuga bagera kuri 216.826 ndetse abagabo nabo ni 174.949.<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/hatangiye-ibarura-ry-abafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/inama-y-abafite-ubumuga-igiye-kugenzura-uko-inyubako-z-imikino-n-imyidagaduro</ref> == Mu ntara == U Rwanda rufite intara 4 ndetse n’umujyi wa kigali. * '''Intara y’Iburasirazuba''' ni intara nini ifite umubare munini ungana na (109.405) * '''Intara y’Amajyepfo''' ni intara ifite umubare wabamuhaye ungana na (98,337). * '''Intara y Uburengerazuba,''' intara ifite umubare wa bamuhaye ungana na 88.967, * '''Intara y Amajyarugur'''u bakaba 60.336 mu gihe * '''Umujyi wa Kigali''' ukaba urimo abagera kuri 34.730. Akarere ka Nyagatare ni ko karere urebye gafite umubare munini w’abafite ubumuga aho bagera ku 20.631 ndetse gakurikiwe na karere ka Gasabo (17.585) mu gihe aka karere ka Nyarugenge ko mu Mujyi wa Kigali ari ko gafite umubare muto (8.206).<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] gsmi9i8cvjihxzqf8smoqu10wibv6k2 Murema Jean Baptiste 0 17602 137728 136716 2026-09-15T17:01:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Heidelberg Paralympic Games in 1972 1970 (JOKAJUK3B A-3).tif|thumb|Jean mu marushanwa]] Murema Jean Baptiste ni umugabo wubatse akaba ari umunyarwanda, ndetse akaba ari umuyobozi wa [[NPC Rwanda]], ( National Paralympic Committee of Rwanda ) kuva muri 2021 ari umuyobozi mukuru waryo. Yakinnye mu makipe agiye atandukanye muri paralempike, yitabira amarushanwa atandukanye, aho yaje gutwara ibikombe haba muri afurika ndetse na marushanwa yi burayi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbfmumwezi.rw/News/sp?pg=138-Murema-Jean-Baptiste-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-NPC |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-18 |archive-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118141623/https://www.bbfmumwezi.rw/News/sp?pg=138-Murema-Jean-Baptiste-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-NPC |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/murema-jean-baptise-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-npc</ref> == Amarushanwa yitabiriye == Murema jean Baptiste yitabiriye amarushanwa atandukanye nko mu ubwongereza i londere muri 2012, akina umukino wa maboko wa volleyball ya bamugaye bakina bicaye, nyuma aza kwitabira andi marushanwa muri brezil i Riyo muri 2016.<ref>https://www.paralympic.org/news/jean-baptiste-murema-new-npc-rwanda-president</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/195919/Sports/swimming-judo-and-badminton-to-be-added-to-paralympic-competitions</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga (Rwanda)]] [[kunyomoza:Ubumuga (Rwanda)]] jtssiys57b9nrwzrbm09oj6x6zbryhe Abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda 0 17608 137415 132297 2026-09-15T14:54:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137415 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Disability symbols 3.png|thumb|156x156px|Disability symbols]] [[Dosiye:They have the same rights as we, they want to study and learn.jpg|thumb|'''They have the same rights as we, they want to study and learn'''|174x174px]] [[Dosiye:A PhD holder with mobility impairment.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ababana nubumuga bariga bakaminuza mu Rwanda]] Ubumuga ni Igihe umuntu aba afite igice cy'umubiri runaka kitaba gikora neza nkunko bisanzwe. Ubumuga bushobora guterwa n'impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye. urugero kuba warabuvukanye, kuba warabutewe n'impanuka, uburwayi cyangwa ikindi kintu runaka. Ahantu henshi hakunze kugaragara amoko atandukanye y'ubumuga arimo; Ubumuga bw'ingingo, ubumuga bwomumutwe,ubumuga bw'amaso, cyangwa ubumuga bw'umubiri. '''''<u>Tugiye gufata umwanya tuvuge kubafite ubumuga bw'amaso</u>''''' '''Ibyo wamenyakubafite ubumuga bw'amaso''' Indwara z'amaso ni igihe umuntu ataba abasha kureba neza ikintu runaka nkuko byari bikwiye. hakaba hari impamvu nyinshi zitera uburwayi bw'amaso, urugero; harimo indwara y’Ishaza, Izabukuru cyangwa se kuba umuntu atangiye gusaza <ref>https://kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/indwara/article/dore-zimwe-mu-mpamvu-ziri-ku-isonga-mu-gutera-uburwayi-bw-amaso</ref>. Hakaba hari uburyo bwinshi tugomba gukoresha twirinda indwara z'amaso, urugero Uburyo bwa mbere ni ukwirinda ikintu cyose cyatokoza ijisho, kwirinda umwotsi w’inkwi, umwotsi w’imodoka, umuyaga urimo imikungugu ndetse n’imicanga. Byakwirindwa hakoreshejwe indorerwamo zitari iz’amaso, ndetse n'ibindi byinshi bitandukanye. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/indwara/Dore-uko-wakwirinda-uburwayi-bw-amaso-ku-kigero-cya-80</ref> '''Ukotwakita kubafite indwara z'amaso''' [[Dosiye:Persons Living with Disability in Ghana at the Global Disability Summit co-hosted in Ghana.jpg|thumb|169x169px|person living with disability in Rwanda ]]Urujijo rwo kutamenya kwita kubafite ubumuga ntabwo buri mubaturage gusa. Buri no mubayobozi nubwo byakwitwa kutamenya, gusa iyo babimenye barabikosora. Hagaragayeko hari abantu bagishungera abafite ubumuga bwo kutabobona aho kubegera ngo babafashe nko mu kwambuka umuhanda ahubwo ugasanga baraho babashungera.<ref name=":0" /> Ihuriro ry'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona ryashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1994 nyuma yuko byagaragaye ko abafite ubumuga baba bihishe murugo kuko wasangaga ntakintu nakimwe babaga bashoboye cyangwa babasha gukora, bityo hashyizweho ihuriro kugira ngo bigishwe ibyibanze bashobobora kwikorera kugirango nabo bagire agaciro muri sosiyete nyarwanda, bagire ibyo bigezaho ndetse banabashe kwiteza imbere. <ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/134297/abafite-ubumuga-bwo-kutabona-barasaba-guhabwa-agaciro-mu-nsengero-134297.html</ref>Kubanyeshuri bafite ubumuga mu mwaka wa 2022 mu [[Rwanda]] hatangiye gukoreshwa (Orbit Reader) imashini zimeze nka mudasobwa aho umwarimu n'umunyeshuri ufite ubumuga bwo kutabona bashobora guhanahana amakuru.<ref name=":1" /> Ibyo bibasha gufasha Umwalimu ashobora gufata amasomo ari kuri terefone akayashyira muri iyo mashini kuburyo umwana ufite mudasobwa ifite interineti abasha gukurikirana amasomo hifashishijwe inyandiko ya Braille yashizwe muri iyo mashini y'abafite ubumuga.<ref name=":1">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/article/u-rwanda-mu-nzira-zo-koroshya-imyigire-y-abafite-ubumuga-bwo-kutabona-kutumva</ref> == Umushinga w'Imashini zifashwa n'abafite ubumuga == [[Dosiye:Memories of the January 25 revolution.jpg|thumb|174x174px|Abafite ubumuga bahabwa ubufasha]] Ni umushinga kurubu hamaze gutangwa utumashini 50 hirya no hino mu [[Rwanda]],ni muri urworwego ko biteganijwe ko tuzagaragara mu bikoresho bigomba kwifashishwa m'uburezi bw'u [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka w'amashuri 2023 na 2024. <ref name=":0" />Kandi hariho gahunda yuko [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] byifashishwaga mu burezi mu [[Rwanda]] bishyirwe munyandiko ya braille no m'uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo na abanyeshuri barimo n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona babashe kubisoma mu buryo buboroheye.<ref name=":2" /> Mu kwezi kwa Kanama mu mwaka 2023 hatangajweko hagiye gusohoka inkoranyamagambo y'ururirmi rw'amarenga rukaba rwashyirwa nanone kurutonde rw'indimi zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":2">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abantu-bafite-ubumuga-bababazwa-no-kuba-hari-abakibita-amazina-abambura-ubumuntu</ref> == Uruhare rw' Amadini n'amatorero mugufasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona == '''Bibiliya ya Braille yaratangijwe kugirango yongere ubushobozi bw'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona''' Mu gihe u Rwanda rwifatanije n’isi yose kwizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga w’inyandiko za Braille, abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona basabye ko abantu barushaho gusobanukirwa no guhugurwa kuri Braille nk’ uburyo bw’ imyandikire no gutumanaho. Nk’uko Umuryango w’abibumbye ubivuga, braille ni “ubuhanga bwerekana ibimenyetso byerekana inyuguti n’imibare ukoresheje utudomo dutandatu tugereranya buri nyuguti n’umubare, ndetse n’ibimenyetso bya muzika, imibare, na siyansi. Donatilla Kanimba, Umuyobozi mukuru w’Urugaga rw’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona (RUB) azi neza ko braille ikoreshwa mu mashuri ndetse no mu bigo by’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, ariko ntibikunze kuboneka mu mashuri makuru kuko abarimu benshi batazi kuyikoresha.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4026/news/rwanda/visually-impaired-persons-call-for-more-awareness-on-braille</ref> Yakomeje avuga ko nubwo ibizamini by’igihugu ku banyeshuri bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona biboneka no muri Braille, haracyakenewe gushyirwamo imbaraga kugira ngo abantu bashobore kubona Braille mu buryo bworoshye igihe cyose babishakiye. Clemence Mukarugwiza, umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo kutabona utuye mu Murenge wa Masaka, [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|mu karere ka Kicukiro]] yavuze ko kubona braille ku bindi bintu bitari amasomo y’ishuri bikiri ingorabahizi kuko “inzu zicapa zidafite imashini zandika za Braille.” [[Dosiye:Braille closeup.jpg|thumb|Umuntu uri gusoma inyandiko ya Braille]] '''Bibiliya ya Braille yaratangijwe kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bw'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/10727/news/religion/braille-bible-launched-to-enhance-accessibility-for-the-visually-impaired</ref> Umuryango utegamiye kuri [[Bibiliya]] w’u Rwanda (BSR), umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta w’abakirisitu, ku bufatanye n’Urugaga rw’abatabona (RUB) wagaragaje ikintu gikomeye cyagezweho ku ya 11 Nzeri ubwo berekanaga “Bibiliya zo mu bwoko bwa Braille” 27 zasohotse, bikazamura uburyo bwabo bwo guhitamo Bibiliya. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/10727/news/religion/braille-bible-launched-to-enhance-accessibility-for-the-visually-impaired</ref> Viateur Ruzibiza, umunyamabanga mukuru wa BSR, yavuze ko uyu muryango watangije ubukangurambaga bwo kongera ubumenyi mu banyarwanda bose. Ikigamijwe ni ukureba ko abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona badahejwe kandi ko ibibazo byabo bimenyekana. Yongeyeho ati: “Iki cyemezo kigamije kwerekana ibibazo bahura na byo buri munsi, kandi bigamije gukumira ko bakomeza guhezwa, cyane cyane mu madini.<nowiki>''</nowiki> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga (Rwanda)| ]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima bwumuturage]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima Bwabana]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] gs13bg2w5uf9fowadw74xowstzcrs2b Judy Heumann 0 17622 137801 101905 2026-09-15T18:14:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[JUDY HEUMANN]] to [[Judy Heumann]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 101905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AMATEKA Y'UWAHARANIRAGA ABAFITE UBUMUGA''' '''Judith "Judy" Heumann''' (yavutse1947- atabaruka [[Werurwe]] 4th, 2023) yari umuntu uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ku rwego mpuzamahanga, uzwi cyane nka "nyina" w’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (mu [[icyongereza]]:“the mother” of the Disability Rights Movement). Yabaye umuyobozi mu gice cy’amateka 504 Sit-In yo mu 1977 kandi yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwa andi mategeko y’uburenganzira bw’abafite [[ubumuga]]. Judy yakoraga mu buyobozi bwa Clinton na [[Barack Obama|Obama]], nk'umujyanama muri [[Banki y'Isi]], ndetse n' umugenzuzi mukuru muri Ford Foundation. Amateka ya Judy agaragara muri Oscar yatowe na Crip Camp: Impinduramatwara y’abafite ubumuga ndetse n’igitabo cye, Kuba Heumann: Memoire itihannye y’abaharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Heumann</ref><ref>https://www.aclu.org/bio/judy-heumann</ref><ref>https://www.aclu.org/bio/judy-heumann</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/2023/03/04/1161169017/disability-activist-judy-heumann-dead-75 </ref> == Amashuri == Judy yabonye impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Long Island i Brooklyn, NY mu 1969 ahabwa impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu buzima rusange yakuye muri kaminuza ya Californiya i Berkeley mu 1975. Yahawe impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro yakuye muri kaminuza zo muri [[Amerika]] harimo na kaminuza ya New York, kaminuza ya Pittsburgh , Ishuri Rikuru rya Midbury, na Smith College. == Amateka == Mu 1977, Judy yari umuyobozi mu mateka 504 Sit-In i San Francisco. Iyi myigaragambyo y'iminsi 26 (yicaye igihe kirekire mu nyubako ya federasiyo kugeza ubu) yatumye ingingo ya 504 y'itegeko ryerekeye gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe ishyirwaho umukono mu mategeko. Judy yagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa andi mategeko harimo n’amategeko agenga ababana n’ubumuga, itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga, n’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga. Izi ngingo z’amategeko zagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere kwinjiza abamugaye muri Amerika ndetse no ku isi hose.<ref name=":0">https://judithheumann.com/project/about/</ref> Kuva mu 1993 kugeza 2001, Judy yabaye mu buyobozi bwa Clinton nk'umunyamabanga wungirije mu biro bishinzwe uburezi bwihariye na serivisi zita ku buzima busanzwe mu ishami ry'uburezi. Judy yaje kuba Umujyanama wa mbere wa Banki y'Isi ku bijyanye n'ubumuga n'iterambere kuva mu 2002 kugeza 2006. Kuri uyu mwanya, yayoboye umurimo w'abafite ubumuga bwa Banki y'Isi mu rwego rwo kwagura ubumenyi n'ubushobozi bwo gukorana na guverinoma ndetse na sosiyete sivile ku bijyanye n'ubumuga mu biganiro ku isi. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida Obama yashyizeho Judy nk'umujyanama wa mbere w’uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bw’abafite ubumuga muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Amerika, aho yakoraga kugeza mu 2017. Mayor Fenty wa D.C. yashyizeho Judy nk'umuyobozi wa mbere w’ishami rishinzwe serivisi z’abafite ubumuga, aho yari ashinzwe. kubuyobozi bushinzwe iterambere ry’abafite ubumuga n’ubuyobozi bwa serivisi zita ku buzima busanzwe. Yabaye kandi Mugenzi mukuru muri Ford Foundation, aho yakoreye impapuro zera Ikarita yumuhanda yo Kwinjiza. Judy yari umunyamuryango washinze ikigo cya Berkeley gishinzwe ubuzima bwigenga nicyo kigo cya mbere cy’ibanze muri Amerika kandi gifasha gutangiza Umuryango wigenga wigenga haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku isi yose. Mu 1983, Judy yashinze ikigo cy’isi gishinzwe ubumuga (WID) hamwe na Ed Roberts na Joan Leon, nk’imwe mu miryango ya mbere iharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ku isi yashinzwe kandi ikomeza kuyoborwa n’abafite ubumuga ikora mu guhuza byimazeyo ababana n’ubumuga mu baturage. hafi yabo binyuze mubushakashatsi, politiki, nimbaraga zo kugisha inama. Mu mibereho ye yose, Judy yakoraga mu nama nyinshi zidaharanira inyungu, harimo Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ry’abafite ubumuga, Ikigega cyita ku burenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga n’ikigega cy’ingabo, Ikiremwamuntu no kubishyira mu bikorwa, Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, Inama mpuzamahanga y’abafite ubumuga muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, na Save the Bana. Kuba Heumann: Memoire itihannye y’umuntu uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga, yanditswe na Judy hamwe n’umwanditsi umwe Kristen Joiner, yasohowe na Beacon Press mu 2020. Nyuma ya 2021 ni verisiyo y’abakuze, Rolling Warrior. Ibitabo byombi byafashwe amajwi bisomwa na Ali Stroker, umukoresha wa mbere w’ibimuga ukora kuri Broadway. Nyuma yintambara enye zo gupiganira amasoko, Kuba imiterere ya firime ya Heumann bizakorwa na Apple TV + hamwe na producer David Permut (Hacksaw Ridge) hamwe numwanditsi / umuyobozi Sian Heder (Igihembo cya Academy Yatsindiye 'Ishusho nziza' CODA). Judy agaragara muri Crip Camp: Impinduramatwara y’abafite ubumuga, yatsindiye igihembo cya 2020, filime documentaire yatowe na Oscar, iyobowe na James LeBrecht na Nicole Newnham kandi yakozwe na Obama Higher Ground Production Company. Yagaragaye mu zindi documentaire nyinshi zivuga ku mateka y’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga, harimo Ubuzima bukwiriye kubaho n’imbaraga za 504. Yatanze ikiganiro cya TED mu 2016, “Intambara yacu iharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga- n'impamvu tutarakozwe nyamara ”. Amateka ye yavuzwe no ku mateka y’abasinzi ya Comedy Central mu ntangiriro za 2018, aho yagaragajwe na Ali Stroker. Muri 2020, Judy yagaragaye kuri show ya Trevor Noah. Yakiriye kandi podcast yegukanye ibihembo yitwa The Heumann Perspective, igaragaramo abanyamuryango batandukanye bo mu muryango w’abafite ubumuga. == Ibihembo == Yabonye kandi ibihembo byinshi birimo kuba uwambere wahawe igihembo cya Henry B. Betts mu rwego rwo gushimira imbaraga zo kuzamura imibereho myiza y’abafite ubumuga ndetse n’igihembo cya Max Starkloff Lifetime Achievement Award cyatanzwe n’inama y’igihugu ishinzwe imibereho yigenga. == Urupfu == Judy Heumann yitabye Imana ku ya 4 Werurwe 2023 afite imyaka 75. Amakuru y’urupfu rwe yavuzwe n’ibigo bikomeye byo muri Amerika ndetse no ku isi yose. Judy Heumann yitabye Imana ku ya 4 Werurwe 2023 afite imyaka 75. Komeza ugendane n'imishinga mu cyubahiro cya Judy ukurikiza Umurage wa Judy Heumann kuri Instagram na Facebook cyangwa wiyandikisha mu kinyamakuru Judy Heumann.<ref name=":0" /> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] qrqqk4958abxu1roz8mr8c3wpl2fzut Kumenya ko Umwana afite ubumuga akiri muto 0 17683 137416 115829 2026-09-15T14:54:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137416 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Chinese counting.jpg|thumb|chinese counting|232x232px]] [[Dosiye:They have the same rights as we, they want to study and learn.jpg|thumb|225x225px|Abafite ubumuga nabo bafite uburenganzira nkubwabandi]] Kuri ubu habonetse ibitabo bizajya byifashishwa mu kuba hamenyekana ko Umwana afite ubumuga akiri muto bigatahurwa. == Ibyo Wamenya kuri iyi gahunda == [[Dosiye:Disability symbols.svg|thumb|Bimwe mubimenyetso bigaragaza ubumuga butandukanye umwana ashobora kugira akiri muto|226x226px]] Ni ibitabo bikubiyemo kuba hamenyekana ibishobora kuba byagenderwaho hamenyekana niba Umwana ashobora kuba cyangwa afite kuba yaravukanye ubumuga runaka, hakaba hamenyekana uko yakurikiranwa hakiri kare akiri muto. Ibyo bifasha mu kugaragaza uburyo Umwana agenda akura ku buryo Umuntu ashobora kureba uburyo cyangwa urwego ariho bikajyanishwa n'intera yakagombye kuba ariho nuko yafashwa. <ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisante-yamuritse-ibitabo-bizafasha-mu-gutahura-ubumuga-bw-umwana-akiri-muto</ref>Ikindi mu gutahura abafite ubumuga hakiri kare ni uko ufite ubumuga yaba anafite ubwishingizi gusa kandi harinubwo usanga hari ibitaro byateye imbere bishobora gufasha abafite ubumuga guhangana na bwo mukubitaho,ikibazo kiba cyaba ari uko ibitara bishobara kuba bidakorana n'ubwishingizi kandi gukurikirana ubumuga byaba bihenze.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/dore-ibyo-ukwiye-kumenya-kuri-gahunda-ya-vup-kugira-ngo-ikunganire-ikwigishe-iguhe-inguzanyo-igice-cya-kabiri</ref> == Mubindi Wamenya == [[Dosiye:Persons Living with Disability in Ghana at the Global Disability Summit co-hosted in Ghana.jpg|thumb|149x149px|Bamwe mubafite ubumuga]] Agashami gashinzwe kwita kubafite ubumuga bavuga ko ubusanzwe abaganga n'abanti bantu bita k'umwana wavutse batabaga bafite uburyo batahura ko afite ubumuga,ariyo mahirwe yandi yaraje y'ibyo bitabo bifasha mukuba hamenyekana abafite ubumuga hakiri kare, Ni ukuvuga ngo umwana yashoboraga kuvuka ariko umujyanama w'Ubuzima cyangwa umuryango avukamo ntibabashe kuba babona ko umwana afite ubumuga bikagera ubwo Umwana atagishobora gufashwa, icyafashwa n'izo nyakindo zishobora gufasha mubukangurambaga. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112730/rubavu-babana-nubumuga-bwo-kutavuga-no-kutumva-ariko-bazi-kubyina-cyane-twabasuye-bahishur-112730.html</ref>Bumwe mu umuntu ufite ubumuga ashobora kuvukana bwakitabwaho hakiri kare umwana aka yabasha kuba yakira ubumuga bwitaweho hakiri kare ni ubumuga bw'ibirenge,bumwe umwana abagendesha igice cyo hejuru, ikirenge kidafite ubworo, imitego n'abafite ubumuga bwo m'ubwonko.Gahunda ya Leta y'u[[Rwanda]] mu guhangana n'icyokibazo yashizeho ibitaro bitandukanye kurutonde bitanga serivise zisumbuyeho ariko bakorana n'abafite ubwishingizi. Ibyo bikorwa byiyongera kuri gahunda yatangijwe yogushira mubitaro serivisi z'umwihariko zifasha abafite ubumuga.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima Bwabana]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima bwumuturage]] 30yq1vcuzqkylr79xqwnidqc7n67mzo Festival Speech Synthesis System 0 17871 137649 125249 2026-09-15T16:49:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Festival speech Synthesis System''' ni uburyo rusange bwo guhuza imvugo mu ndimi nyinshi bwakozwe na Alan W. Black, Paul Taylor na Richard Caley <ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Paul |title=The Architecture of the Festival Speech Synthesis System |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/papers/ESCA98_arch.pdf |website=Carnegie Mellon University}}</ref> mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga (CSTR) muri kaminuza ya Edinburgh . Intererano zikomeye nazo zatanzwe na [[kaminuza ya Carnegie Mellon]] nizindi mbuga. Itangwa munsi yuburenganzira bwa software busa nuburenganzira bwa BSD . Festival speech synthesis system Itanga inyandiko yuzuye kuri sisitemu yo kuvuga hamwe na API zitandukanye, hamwe nibidukikije byiterambere nubushakashatsi bwubuhanga bwo guhuza imvugo. Byanditswe muri C ++ hamwe na Scheme -isa na commande umusobanuzi kubisanzwe no kwagura. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Festival |url=http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/ |access-date=2019-03-25 |website=www.cstr.ed.ac.uk}}</ref> Ibirori byateguwe kugirango bishyigikire ishyirwa muri Festival speech synthesis indimi nyinshi, kandi biza hamwe no gushyigikira [[icyongereza]] ( icyongereza n’Amerika ), Welsh, na [[Icyesipanyole|Espagne]] . Ipaki y'amajwi ibaho mu zindi ndimi nyinshi, nk'Icyesipanyoli cya Castiliyani, [[Igiceke|Igiceki]], [[Igifinilande]], Umuhindi, Igitaliyani, Marathi, Igipolonye, [[Kirusiya|Ikirusiya]] na Telugu . == Festvox == Umushinga wa Festvox ugamije gutuma inyubako ya festival speech synthesis na amajwi mashya yubukorikori irushaho kuba gahunda kandi neza, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Festvox: Home |url=http://www.festvox.org/ |access-date=2019-03-25 |website=www.festvox.org}}</ref> bigatuma bishoboka ko umuntu wese yubaka ijwi rishya. Itangwa munsi yuburenganzira bwa software busa nuburenganzira bwa MIT . Festvox nigikoresho cyibikoresho by Alan W. Black na Kevin Lenzo mukubaka amajwi yubukorikori kubirori. Harimo intambwe ku yindi inyigisho hamwe n'ingero ziri mu nyandiko yitwa "Kubaka Amajwi ya Sintetike". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Building Synthetic Voices |url=http://www.festvox.org/festvox/ |access-date=2019-03-25 |website=www.festvox.org}}</ref> == Linux == Hano hari ibirori byacometse kuri GStreamer . Ibirori byateguwe mbere yo gukwirakwiza Linux . == Reba kandi == * Orca (tekinoroji ifasha) == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} j1yyd86rozmu7bwlirez89z8xw4qu86 Igisigo: Singikunda Ukundi 0 18045 137501 103797 2026-09-15T15:50:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137501 wikitext text/x-wiki Igisigo "Singikunda Ukundi, «Singikunda ukundi: Nkunda ibyo nkunze ntibinkundire; aho kunkunda birankuka, bikajya i Kamagoma gukungika iyo kure: Gukunda ikitagukunda ni imvura igwa mu ishyamba»." cyahimbwe n'umwami Yuhi III Mazimpaka, wabaye umwami wa 22 w'U Rwanda nyuma y'uko yari amaze kwihekura.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/72719/umuco-wacu-abami-b-u-rwanda-ntibanywaga-urwagwa-menya-inkomo-72719.html</ref><ref>https://nikozitambirwa.tripod.com/insigamigani/ntabyera.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} nzs9gu41ywyi6evf8uho91tnz5p5tyb Igobyi ya kinyarwanda 0 18055 137304 132480 2026-09-15T14:22:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137304 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ingobyi bahekamo abarwayi.jpg|left|thumb|Ingobyi]] [[Dosiye:Tradition wedding.jpg|thumb|guheka umugeni]] '''Ingobyi ya Kinyarwanda''' ni igikoresho gifite 'ibigwi n’amateka ahambaye mu muco wu Rwanda, kikaba ari kimwe mu bigaragaza intekerezo z’ihangabuhanga abantu b'Abanyarwanda bari bakungahayeho aho yabafashaga guhanga ibikoresho bibafasha gukemura ibibazo biriho muri icyo gihe hari mo ingobyi yo guheka abarwayi.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/amateka-y-ingobyi-igikoresho-gakondo-cyafashije-abanyarwanda-imyaka-amagana</ref> == Uko imeze == Ingobyi ya kinyarwanda iremye mu buryo ubundi igira imijishi ine. Bivuzeko ko kugira ngo ifate inzira igende ihetse ibyo ijyanye cyangwa se iheste uwo ijyanye, abagabo bane b’ibizigira, ni bo bagombaga kujya muri iyo mijishi uko ari ine. imijishi ine ikoreshwa ku ngobyi, baba bashatse kuvuga impande enye ziyigize aho basesekamo igiti ari cyo bita umujishi, uw’imbere agashyiraho urugata rworohereza urutugu rwe kudakomereka, uw’inyuma bikaba uko . Iba iboshye mu biti birandaranda ndetse n’ibishishwa byabyo. Bimwe byifashishwaga mu kuboha harimo Imigano, Iminyantete, ibishishwa by’imivumu .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] j3dhc3w5fusuejmi4ej9xlw3u7ez3je Umudaho 0 18068 137742 107461 2026-09-15T17:03:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137742 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:UMUDAHO.jpg|thumb|Umudaho|281x281px]] [[Dosiye:Umudaho1.jpg|thumb|283x283px|Imidaho]] [[Dosiye:Imidaho.jpg|thumb|Imidaho|375x375px]] '''Umudaho''' ni igikoresho kibaze mu giti, cyakunze kugaragara mu muco Nyarwanda , aho ukunze gukoreshwa mu guteka, haba mu nkono cyangwa isaburiya. Umudaho kumutwe waho uba ufite umutwe usa nufite akantu kameze ka kobo bakoresha barura ibishyimbo , amamininwa cyangwa se ikindi kintu cyose kuri mu isafuriya . <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/96282/amakosa-6-abantu-bakunze-gukora-mu-guteka-umuceri-96282.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/nyamagabe-ishuri-ry-inshuke-rya-saemaul-ryasuye-ingoro-ndangamurage-ya-huye</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] fjch8u9xtbrcjaez3d8i71tsn6p4w2o Jeannine Mukandayisenga 0 18077 137813 124190 2026-09-15T18:17:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Mukandayisenga jeannine]] to [[Jeannine Mukandayisenga]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 124190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukandayisenga Jeannine,''' Umukinnyi wumupira wamaguru mubagore wavukiye Ikarama Mukarere ka Nyagatare.[https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/imiterere-ye-n-ibanga-ry-intsinzi-menya-byinshi-kuri-kaboy-wa-rayon-sports-y] == Urugendo muri Football == Mukandayisenga Jeannine kimwe nkabandi bakinnyi Bose yatangiye gukina Akiri muto Afite Imyaka 10 Mumashuri aho yakiniraga ikigo yigagaho Inyagatare. [[Dosiye:NyagatareDist.png|center|thumb|Aho Jeannine yavukiye]] [[Dosiye:Umufana wa Rayon Sport.jpg|thumb|Umufana wa Rayon sport Jeanine yakinnyemo]] Arinaho Byavirimo abatoza bo mukiciro kambere mubagore kumubona Ahava ajya mwikipe ya Inyemera WFC yigicumbi ahakina imyaka ibiri ubu akaba akina muri Rayon sports WFC.[https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/imiterere-ye-n-ibanga-ry-intsinzi-menya-byinshi-kuri-kaboy-wa-rayon-sports-y] == Amakipe yanyuzemo == Mukandayisenga Jeannine uzwi kukazina ka "Kaboy" yanyuze mumakipe atandukanya Mu Rwanda. 1.Inyemera WFC 2.Rayon sports WFC nikipe yigihugu Amavubi Women Football National Team. == Ibikombe yatwaye == Shampiyona Imwe na Rayon sports WFC 2023/2024 == Ibihembo yegukanye == Mukandayisenga Jeannine yegukanye igihembo cy'ukwezi 10/2023 cyumukinnyi mwiza wa Rayon sports WFC [https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/herthier-nzinga-luvumbu-na-mukandayisenga-jeanine-batowe-nk-abakinnyi-beza-b] == Iriburiro == https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/imiterere-ye-n-ibanga-ry-intsinzi-menya-byinshi-kuri-kaboy-wa-rayon-sports-y https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/herthier-nzinga-luvumbu-na-mukandayisenga-jeanine-batowe-nk-abakinnyi-beza-b [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] d67pgcl6j6mn55562hpm8fts1gmf0hz Munyampenda Nathalie 0 18109 137358 114207 2026-09-15T14:30:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137358 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka ya Munyampenda Nathalie == [[Dosiye:Animated-Flag-Rwanda.gif|thumb|277x277px]] Munyampenda Nathalie ni umuyobozi wa Kaminuza yigenga Izwi kw'izina rya KEPLER iri i Kigali ikaba ikorana na kaminuza yo muri America yitwa Southern New Hampshire University(SNHU) Mu gutanga impamyabumenyi iri kurwego rwo hejuru .<ref>https://kepler.org/kepler-team-members/nathalie-munyampenda/</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12360/sports/inside-keplers-huge-basketball-ambitions</ref>Munyampenda Nathalie yabaye Umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho muri IAMS ayobora n'ihuriro Next Einsten Forum rigamije gukora bikaba byageza kuri Africa kugira umuhanga wundi umeze nka Einstein.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ikiganiro-na-nathalie-munyampenda-imibare-mu-buzima-bwa-muntu-aims-einstein-w</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 8i3ybsw09oktsy4t6485ta91g53r0bf Zeo Trap 0 18158 137333 123611 2026-09-15T14:26:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137333 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Zeo trap.jpg|thumb|274x274px|Pic igaragaza zeo trap<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/izaba-iriho-hip-hop-y-ubwoko-bwose-iby-ingenzi-wamenya-kuri-album-ya-kabiri-ya</ref>]] Zeo Trap umuhanzi ukiri muto wigaruriye imitima y'abenshi mu rwanda Kandi akaba yaravukiye nyamirambo.akaba akora indirimbo nziza za hip-hop free style kandi zirimo ubutumwa akaba akunda kuvuga Kavukire akaba azwi no kumushinga witwa visit Nyamirambo.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/130639/umuraperi-zeo-trap-yakebuye-abahanzi-batita-ku-myambarire-ku-rubyiniro-video-130639.html</ref> == Ibikorwa == Yasohoye album ebyiri(2) Iyambere yitwa Abafana ibihumbi ijana irimo indirimbo zigera kwi cumi nk'umwanda,My ghee, ten10,Abafana 100k, kabosi, n'izindi. Iyakabiri yitwa Ntago anoga irimo indirimbo zigera kuri makumyabiri(20 ) harimo street goat, Impane, hard work, Ntago anoga, ibisimba byaje , Therapy n'izindi.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} tm54483nsyzsef3w6vtg5vsm594jgf2 Soline Mukamana 0 18174 137785 135702 2026-09-15T18:12:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[MUKAMANA Soline]] to [[Soline Mukamana]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 135702 wikitext text/x-wiki MUKAMANA Solin e ni umuyobozi w' akarere ka Burera, akaba umubyeyi w' abana batanu, yavukiye mu murenge wa Gatumba mu karere ka Nyaruguru muri 1974, guhera muri 1997 ubwo yari asoje amasomo mu mashuri yisumbuye yatangiye gukora imirimo inyuranye aho yavukiye muri Ngororero.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/burera-yacu-turayikura-ku-mwanya-wa-nyuma-ize-muri-itatu-ya-mbere-meya-mukamana </ref> == Amateka == MUKAMANA Soline yavutse muri 1974 avukira muri Ngororero mu murenge wa Gatumba, yatangiriye amashuri ku ishuri ribanza rya Gatumba, amashuri yisumbuye ayiga kuri GS. Rulindo aho muri 1994 yarageze muwa gatanu ariko kubera ibihe bitoroshye bya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 kwiga byarahagaze nyuma muri 1997 yaje gusoza amashuri yisumbuye muri Rambura. nyuma yokurangiza ayisumbuye yatsinze neza abona buruse yo gukomeza muri kaminuza, gusa ntiyakomeje kubera ibihe by' imidugararo no gutakaza icyizere cy' ubuzima, yahisemo gushakisha akazi yakoze ikizamini abona akazi muri food international for Hungry wari umushinga wakoreraga mu karere kiwabo bidatinze umushinga waje guhagarara bitewe n' intambara y' abacengezi atakaza akazi atyo. yongeye gushaka akandi kazi aba umwarimu mu mashuri yisumbuye nyumagato kuko utari yarize uburezi kimwe nabandi nkawe bahagarikwa mukazi. yongeye kubona ahandi akora, hari mu kigonderabuzima cya Muhororo biturutse ku mirimo y' ubukorerabushake yakoze mubijyanye n' imirire y' abana. nyuma gato yaje kubaka urugo ndetse abifashijwemo muwo bashakanye akomeza amashuri mu ishuri rikuru Gatulika rya kabgayi, muri 2009 yabonye impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza muri sociologie ndetse ayakomereje muri Mount Kenya mubyerekeye Ubuzima rusange. kugeza ubu afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse (Masters) yakuye muri kaminuza y' abadivantisite ya Kigali. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/burera-yacu-turayikura-ku-mwanya-wa-nyuma-ize-muri-itatu-ya-mbere-meya-mukamana</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/ngororero-abakozi-bikigo-nderabuzima-barashimwa-umurava-bakorana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-30 |archive-date=2024-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330212524/https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/ngororero-abakozi-bikigo-nderabuzima-barashimwa-umurava-bakorana |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Imirimo yakoze === * Muri 1997 yakoze muri food international for hungry, Ngororero * Yigishije mu mashuri yisumbuye ya Muhororo kuva muri 2000 * yakoze mu kigonderabuzima cya Muhororo * Yakoze muri CHUK imyaka 3 ashinzwe gukurikirana abarwayi ba SIDA * Yakoze munzego z' ibanze mu karere ka Ngororero; yabaye umuyobozi w' ishami ry' imiyoborere myiza, nyuma ayobora ishami ry' ubuzima, ayobora umurenge wa Bwira * Muri 2023 yatorewe kuyobora akarere ka Burera kuza ubu. <ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Uturere-umunani-twabonye-abayobozi-bashya</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/14383/news/health/burera-launches-new-initiative-to-combat-malnutrition</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} qoswk1m7mdeh01fankkhtdtsvtvvc0k Valentine Mukase 0 18175 137336 131491 2026-09-15T14:26:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137336 wikitext text/x-wiki Valentine MUKASE, ni Umunyarwandakazi w' umunyapolitiki wavukiye mu [[Rwanda]], akaba umuyobozi w' akarere ka Karongi yasimbuye MUKARUTESI Vestine wegujwe na njyanama imishinja kutanoza inshingano. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=76091 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-30 |archive-date=2024-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225458/https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=76091 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == mukase Valentine yabaye umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza y' abaturage mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Karongi|karongi]] mbere yuko atorerwa kuyobora ako karere muri 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/10/karongi-district-borrowing-projects-from-neighboring-districts-pac/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-30 |archive-date=2024-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330225458/https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/10/karongi-district-borrowing-projects-from-neighboring-districts-pac/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 8cvdhed4rp8dxall0v8fvk1q7oq1hjv Vestine Mukandayisenga 0 18176 137520 126627 2026-09-15T15:53:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137520 wikitext text/x-wiki Vestine Mukandayisenga ni umunyepolitiki w' umunyarwandakazi yavutse muri 1987 avukira mu murenge wa Jabana mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|karere ka Gasabo]], arubatse afite abana babiri, kuri ubu ni umuyobozi w' akarere ka [[Akarere ka Gakenke|Gakenke]]. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/inzozi-nakuranye-zo-guhura-na-perezida-kagame-ndagenda-nzisatira-meya-mukandayisenga</ref> <ref>https://www.minaloc.gov.rw/news-detail/minaloc-inducts-newly-elected-local-leaders</ref> == Amashuri yize == Vestine Mukandayisenga yize amashuri ubuvuzi bw' amatungo mu mashuri yisumbuye muri EAV Rushashi ho mu karere ka Gakenke, akomereza muri kaminuza nkuru y' urwanda aho yize Ubuhinzi n' ubworozi akahakura impamyabumenyi ' icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza. yize icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mubijyanye no kuyobora ubucuruzi no gucunga imishinga (BusIness Administration and Project Management) muri kaminuza ya UNILAK. == Imirimo yakoze == Mukandayisenga Vestine yakoze muri DUHAMIC - ADRI kuva arangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza aho yayobaraga imishinga y' ubuhinzi n' ubworozi muri uyu muryango uharanira amajyambere y' icyaro, nyuma yaje kuyobora imishinga y' umuzima ndetse ayobora na methodolodie ya IFAD yo kwimakaza ahame ry' uburinganire mu muryango, aha niho yavuye ajya kuba umuyobozi w' akarere (Mayor). <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.emotiveprogram.org/solution/duhamic-adri/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-30 |archive-date=2023-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128092641/https://www.emotiveprogram.org/solution/duhamic-adri/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imyidagaduro == Mayor Vastine MUKANDAYISENGA yabaye umukinnyi w' umupira w' amaguru ubwa yari umunyeshuri muri EAVRushashi yari kapiteni w' ikipe y' abakobwa kuri iryo shuri, kandi Mayor ni umufana ukomeye wa ruhago guka kugeza ubu ibyo gufana yabivuyemo kuko amakipe yari yarihebeye yagiye amutenguha agatsindwa cyane kuburya yananiwe kubyihanganira. yafanaga [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon sport]]<nowiki/>s yo mu [[Rwanda]] na Manchester united yo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/inzozi-nakuranye-zo-guhura-na-perezida-kagame-ndagenda-nzisatira-meya-mukandayisenga</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 9f4c1jft21f46fybswlbczr7k5rfq25 Mutoni Angell 0 18195 137417 116932 2026-09-15T14:54:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137417 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hip-hop stub.svg|thumb|Hip]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|mutoni ni umukobwa uvuka mugihugu cyurwanda mumujyi wa kigali]] '''Mutoni Angell''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umuhanzi ufite ikizere uzobereye mu muziki mu ijyana ya Hip hop na RnB Kuva akiri muto cyane, ise umubyara yamwigishije umuziki , ariryo soko y'umuziki akora . Albumu yambere yasohoye kugeza ubu zirimo indirimbo nka Pandemic Pack na Imbuto, kandi yanagaragaye mu ndirimbo ya DJ Toxxyk yitwa Kurura, aho yatangaje ibintu bitangaje abinyujije ku murongo wa rap. Uyu muraperikazi kandi afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bw’ubucuruzi yakuye mui kaminuza nkuru ya Cardiff Metropolitan University yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]].<ref>https://www.soundsofafrica.org/rwandan-female-artists-that-have-started-trends/</ref> [[Dosiye:UWIC Llandaff Cardiff.JPG|center|thumb|Kaminuza ya Cardiff Metropolitan, Mutoni yizeho ]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] n50fz4q6y628otdg4t5m7436uo1i3ar Kana Bennie Axella 0 18208 137502 131374 2026-09-15T15:50:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137502 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umufana wa Rayon Sport.jpg|thumb|Umufana wa rayon sport]] [[Dosiye:By-map-fr.png|thumb|kana ni umurundikazi yavukiye muburund ninaho akomoka]] '''Kana Bennie Axella''' ni umukobwa w'umunyarwanda, wavukiye iburundi akaba arinaho yiga amashuri y'ishumbuye ndetse na mashuri abanza akaza gukomeza ashuri makuru ya kaminuza mu Rwanda. Kana Bennie Axella yaje gukora mu ikipe ya rayon sport y'abagabo aho yari ashinze umutungo n'imari, kuri ubu Kana Bennie Axella ni umunyamaabanga wa ikipe ya rayon sport yabagore kuri yazamuka mu cyiciro cy'ambere cy'umupira w'abogore mu Rwanda muri 2023.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/skol-yahaye-rayon-sports-agahimbazamusyi-ko-kwitwara-neza-amafoto</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/rayon-sports-y-abagore-yongeye-kugura-abakinnyi-bakomeye-muri-as-kigali-wfc</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] gmhdk2qcm42lmhbkuiwxamk2n54w88k Nibagwire Liberee 0 18209 137711 104202 2026-09-15T16:58:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137711 wikitext text/x-wiki Ni umunyarwandakazi ukina umupira w'amaguru akaba akinira ikipe y'igihugu cy'u Rwanda Amavubi.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/ibitabo/article/yigobotoye-ibikomere-bya-jenoside-ubuhamya-bwa-rutayisire-chantal-wanditse</ref>Akaba kandi akinira ikipe y'abagore y'umujyi wa kigali ( AS Kigali).<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/as-kigali-wfc-yashyikirijwe-igikombe-cya-shampiyona</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwandan]] [[Ikiciro:Woman]] [[Ikiciro:Sport]] [[Ikiciro:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Football players]] e9prpg5jyh0f1f0vt1icrb52c6cdtie Benurugo Emmilienne 0 18210 137337 116942 2026-09-15T14:26:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Skol logo 2015.svg|thumb|Ikirango cya skol, Emmilienne akoramo|291x291px]] [[Dosiye:Tour du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Tour du Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|benurugo numunyarwandakazi yavukiye mumujyi wa kigali]] '''Benurugo Emmilienne''' ni umugore w'umunyrwandakazi, akaba ari umwe m'ubakozi bakuru b'uruganda rwa Skol rwenga ibinyobwa bisembuye n’ibidasembuye, akabi numwe mu mashyiga ridashyigurwa mu baterankunga ba Tour du Rwanda mu gagare, aho bagenera iri rushanwa inkunga y’Amafaranga arenga miliyoni 50. Benurugo Emilienne ni umwe mu bashinzwe gutegura ibikorwa muri Skol hirya nohino ku isi . <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/skol-itera-inkunga-tour-du-rwanda-asaga-miliyoni-50-z-amanyarwanda</ref> <ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/skol-yahaye-rayon-sports-agahimbazamusyi-ko-kwitwara-neza-amafoto</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 0g973ev68p5qj33hydpqobtwuxck307 Alice Muhoza Mutoni 0 18214 137434 104208 2026-09-15T14:56:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137434 wikitext text/x-wiki Ni umunyarwandakazi == Amashuri yize == Alice Muhoza Mutoni afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko yakuye muri kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali, kuri ubu akaba akurikirana Master of Gender and Development Studies muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda.<ref name=":0">https://ughe.org/alice-muhoza-mutoni</ref> Alice afite uburambe mu kurinda no kurengera abana. Afite kandi gusobanukirwa neza uburinganire n’imibereho, kubona ubutabera, ubufasha mu by'amategeko, abagore, urubyiruko n’uburenganzira bw’abana.<ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Alice ni umuyobozi muri Kaminuza yigisha ibijyanye n'ubuzima mu Rwanda yitwa Global Health Equity University ( UGHE) . Mbere yo kwinjira muri UGHE, Madamu Alice Muhoza Mutoni yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe kurengera abana no kurinda umutekano mu gihugu muri World Vision International Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> Alice yabaye umuhuzabikorwa w’uburenganzira bwa muntu n' ubutabera mu ishyirahamwe ry'urubyiruko riharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu n'iterambere (AJPRODHO-JIJUKIRWA)<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201210070032.html</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] je0zxm5i0rnjyttrn4hc96t3f8t4t6z Mwizerwa Faustine 0 18221 137743 104216 2026-09-15T17:03:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mwizerwa Faustine''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko. Mwizerwa Faustine yakiniye ikipe ya [[APR WBBC]] mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Micomyiza Rosine yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda , ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Mwizerwa Faustine yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/9577/sports/basketball/fiba-womens-afrobasket-nigerias-rena-wakama-a-symbol-of-empowerment</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12760/sports/basketball/awbl-are-reg-women-up-to-the-task</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo mu Rwanda]] 03a12yiwc1732hzfgz4nmhrvf4ei3t8 Tetero Odile 0 18224 137533 108802 2026-09-15T15:55:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137533 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Basketball, 1. Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga, ChemCats Chemnitz LR10 by Stepro IMG 7684.jpg|thumb|Odile]] '''Tetero Odile''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko. Tetero Odile yakiniye ikipe ya IPRC Huye WBBC, ubu akinira ikipe ya REG WBBC mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Tetero Odile yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda , ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Tetero Odile yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]]. Tetero Odile ni umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu yabasketball y'abagore.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/reg-women-basketball-club-yasinyishije-abakinnyi-batatu-barimo-feza-ebengo-wakiniraga-ikipe-ya-the-hoops-rwanda/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 5blloqggro2wvz34gunxg0ie7r7lkh8 Musabyemariya Donatha 0 18226 137305 128006 2026-09-15T14:23:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137305 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Le volleyball à l'UAC.jpg|thumb|Umukinnyi wa Volleyball|314x314px]] [[Dosiye:Volleyball game.jpg|thumb|Umukino wa volleyball y'abagore|296x296px]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|musabyemariya numunyarwandakazi yavukiye muri Kigali]] Musabyemariya Donatha ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko. Donatha yakiniye ikipe ya [[APR VC|APR VFC]] mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Musabyemariya yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya volleyball itegurwa [[FRVB]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe rya Volleyball mu Rwanda]] , ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na [[Rwanda Revenue Authority|RRA]], [[Rwanda Revenue Authority]]. Musabyemriya Donatha yitabiriye kandi amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampiyona ya league mu mukino wa volleyball y'[[Umugore|abagore.]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/117268/apr-woman-volleyball-club-irahagurukana-abakinnyi-14-yerekeje-mu-mikino-ya-champions-leagu-117268.html</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/volleyball-amakipe-yo-mu-rwanda-yatangiye-neza-imikino-ya-zone-5</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/11/volleyball-zone-v-amakipe-abiri-yu-rwanda-yageze-ku-mukino-wa-nyuma/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-07 |archive-date=2024-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407150752/https://umuseke.rw/2023/11/volleyball-zone-v-amakipe-abiri-yu-rwanda-yageze-ku-mukino-wa-nyuma/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] gzmh14oz1tqf4sf56ngts0mvqq6n23i UWIRINGIYIMANA Ange 0 18232 137650 108812 2026-09-15T16:49:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137650 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rayon Sport Uniform.JPG|thumb|rayon sport]] '''UWIRINGIYIMANA Ange''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko, yakiniye ikipe agiye atandukanye ubu akinira ikipe ya GS GAHINI mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda , ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]]. Ni umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu yabasketball y'abagore.<ref>https://ferwaba.web.geniussports.com/competitions/?WHurl=%2Fcompetition%2F37985%2Fleaders</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] fq2dykpbnpqpo7yicx4i88tavud7k8w Gs St Aloys Rwamagana 0 18526 137633 127122 2026-09-15T16:47:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gs St Aloys Rwamagana''' ni ishuri ry'isumbuye rya kiriziya gaturika rifashwa na leta rikaba riherereye mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] [[akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Umurenge wa Kigabiro|umurenge wa kigabiro]] akagali ka Nyagasenyi. == Amateka ya Gs St Aloys == Iri shuri rimaze kugira amashami atanu ariyo MEG,PCM,PCB,MCB,HEG ndetse n'icyiciro rusange, kandi bakira abahungu n'abakobwa mu byiciro byombi. Ndetse bagira imyitozo ngorora mubiri n'amakipe yayo atuma bitabira amarushanwa mu rwego rw'intara n'igihugu .Ikindi kiranga ishuri ni ugushyigikira amatsinda atandukanye ahuza abanyeshuli mu bikorwa bitandukanye, za gahunda za leta ndetse niza kiliziya.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino/volleyball/article/volleyball-gs-st-joseph-na-gs-st-aloys-begukanye-ibikombe-muri-serie-b</ref><ref>https://police.gov.rw/rw/amakuru/amakuru-ya-polisi/news-detail/news/nyuma-yo-gutsinda-gs-st-aloys-rwamaga-police-handball-club-ikomeje-kuyobora-andi-makipe/</ref> == Imikorere Yaryo == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ny51q8enurbx0fiyrl0gh5to6ccadkq TURIMUMAHORO Céléstin 0 18590 137503 105445 2026-09-15T15:51:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137503 wikitext text/x-wiki Uyu musore TURIMUMAHORO Céléstin afite kampani yibasiye imitama y'abaturage bo mu Karere ka Nyagatare aho iyo kampani iherereye kandi. Iyi kampani ye ifasha urubyiruko m'ukwiteza imbere guhanga udushya n'ibindi cyane cyane iby'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/youthconnekt-awards-2023-imishinga-y-urubyiruko-yahize-indi-yahembwe</ref> == Ibihembo == Uyu mushinga wahize iyindi muri Youth connekt 2023 ahabwa miriyoni 25 frw. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} nv8vhqnc2js7qlgys51j6q9inru2wnm Vintage Cottage 0 18594 137479 130749 2026-09-15T15:47:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137479 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amerekezo == Hoteri ya Vintage Cottage iherereye Uruhuha,mu kagari ka Gati,U murenge wa Gishali, Akarere ka Rwamagana. Kunyengero z'ikiyaga cya Muhazi. Hahora amafu nahantu buri wese yaruhukira akanahakorera ibiruhuko.<ref name=":0">https://www.booking.com/hotel/rw/vintage-cottage-rwamagana.html</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Ibikorwa == Hari sale nini nawakoresherezamo ibirori haratuje hari imikino itandukanye ya gufasha mukuruhura mu mutwe. Hari amacumbi amara igihe gito n'ikinini kubishatse,ubusitani bwiza bwo gukiniramo,n'ibindi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vintagecottagerwanda.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-22 |archive-date=2024-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511024448/https://vintagecottagerwanda.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} mgzele4gbljlm6t9brzmu9fs6dw577v The IPRC GISHARI 0 18601 137359 105473 2026-09-15T14:30:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137359 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amerekezo == The IPRC Gishari iherereye mu karere ka Rwamagana, umurenge wa Gishari. Ifatanye n'ikigo cya Police Gishari Training school.<ref><nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/niyibizi-ukora-imbaho-muri-pulasitike-n-ibarizo-yahembwe-amafaranga-miliyoni-eshatu</nowiki></ref> == Intego == Ishuri Rikuru ry’Imyuga n’Ubumenyingiro (RP) na Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC), batanze impamyabumenyi ku barangije kwiga muri za IPRCs. == Ibushobozi == Iki kigo gifite impano nyinshi ndetse n'ubumenyi ngiro yaba ubwo bakomara kubarezi ba bo aribyo biba fungura mi mutwe bikabaha gukomeza kwagura ibitekerezo. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2vkayvnkhpvbgdbcujhzmnbkcyhpy62 NIYIBIZI Yves Clément 0 18602 137395 111010 2026-09-15T14:42:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137395 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Football Pallo valmiina-cropped.jpg|thumb]] Umwana ukiri muto Niyibizi Yves usokeje kwiga muri IPRC kitabu mu Karere ka Nyamagabe, ibijyanye n’amashyamba no kubyaza umusaruro ibiti hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. == Ibikorwa == Uyu mwana ukirimuto y'ifashishije ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'ubumenyi bwimbitse akura mwirishuri yabashije gukora umushinga w'ubiryo twakora imbaho mu bisigazwa bya parasitike n'ibarizo.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/niyibizi-ukora-imbaho-muri-pulasitike-n-ibarizo-yahembwe-amafaranga-miliyoni-eshatu</ref> == Imikorere == Atangazako ashaka uducupa dupfunyikwamo amavuta,utujerikani tw’amavuta n’amabase yashaje aba yandagaye hirya no hino, akabishongesha mu buryo butarekura imyuka ihumanya bikavangwa n’ibarizo, hakavamo imbaho zikomeye. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 81ecr2ouyekwiswhftiv1cikrshm8lp TWIZEYIMANA Emmanuel 0 18603 137504 105477 2026-09-15T15:51:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137504 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == Umumwa w'umusore ukiri muto amazina ye TWIZEYIMANA Emmanuel nk'uko byavuzwe hejuru iyu rero akaba amaze igihe gito asoje ishama ry'jbukanoshi Muri IPRC Gishari. == Ibihembo == Uyu musore ye gukanye igihembo cya moto itwarwa n'amashanyarazi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/niyibizi-ukora-imbaho-muri-pulasitike-n-ibarizo-yahembwe-amafaranga-miliyoni-eshatu</ref> == Impanuro == Aragira urubyiruko muri rusange gukoresha imbaraga zabo zose kabagiri Inama zo gukangura Impano iyo ariyo yose ko by'ubaka kandi bikakugeza kw'itera mbere rirambye. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} fov7uxd8dkkzzb7od4zfgwfuc5dxj2x Junior Chamber International (JCI Rwanda) 0 18648 137571 110539 2026-09-15T16:07:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137571 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Prudhvi moses -JCI Mandapeta Inaguration (9).jpg|thumb]] Umuryango witwa JCI mu Rwanda wita k'Urubyiruko mu Rwanda. Uyobowe na WIRIRA Parfait.Uyu Muryango wakomeje Kwerekana bimwe mu bikorwa n'imbaraga z'urbyiruko mu Gihugu cyacu ndetse no muri Afurika muri rusange. == Ibikorwa == [[Dosiye:JCI logo.svg|thumb]] M'urwego Rwogufasha urubyiruko ba zashora imari no ku rwubakira ubushobozi muri gahunda zo kwiteza imbere nk’imwe mu ntego za JCI.kand bagakangurira Urubyiruko gukora cyane baharanira inyungu z'igihugu n'izabo kugiti cyabo.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/jci-rwanda-yabonye-abayobozi-bashya</ref> == Intego == gutegura ejo hazaza higihugu cy'u Rwanda kandi bagafasha igihugu gutera imbre no gufungura amakampani. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 724z9t79mw7owdqd094pq7wpetr9qem Etienne MICOMYIZA 0 18672 137334 105676 2026-09-15T14:26:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137334 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == Etienne Micomyiza ni umusore ubonako abereye urubyoruka rwiza rw'igihugu cyamubyaye kandi akaba yarasoje amashuri ye muri [[IPRC Kigali|IPRC kigali]]. Uyu musore atuye mu mujyi wa Kigali akaba afite zimwe mumpamyabushobozi zi muha uburenganzira bwo gutangira icyo akora. Kurubu akorana n'[[Urubyiruko mu Rwanda|urubyiruko]] barafatanya nk'imbaraga z'igihugu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/urubyiruko-rusaga-ibihumbi-800-ruziyongera-ku-bafite-imirimo-itari-ubuhinzi-kugeza-muri-2030</ref> == Ibyifuzo n'umumaro == Uru rubyiruko rwateye imbere ubu rurihaza mubiribwa kandi bibafasha mugukora bakiteza imbere. Barashishikariza Abanyarwanda bose gukora cyane. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} s48z5dys8kmiyrdssm5r1y2ufhyk5i3 Vakantiebeurs 0 18685 137377 105736 2026-09-15T14:39:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137377 wikitext text/x-wiki == Intangiriro == Vakantiebeurs ni umushinga watangijwe n'urubyiruko mumishinga y'ubukerarugendo kubwimpamvu nyinshi zitandukanye. Uru rubyiruko rugararagaza ko ibi biteganya kongera iterambere.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/diaspora/ibikorwa/article/hasojwe-imurikagurisha-ry-ubukerarugendo-u-rwanda-rwitabiriye-mu-buholandi</ref> == Abaterankunga == U Rwanda rwahagarariwe n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere, RDB; Sosiyete Nyarwanda y’Ubwikorezi bwo mu Kirere, RwandAir; Wanderluxe Safaris, Blue Monkey Tours n'indi myinshi cyane. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 0qi2rvwglc0dk5snzeugevi9da3ke00 Mashariki African Film Festival 0 18687 137505 105769 2026-09-15T15:51:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137505 wikitext text/x-wiki == Intangiro == Ni umushinga wizwe n<nowiki>'urubiruko rw'uRwanda ugamije kuzamura impano no gutinyura aribyo twita gukangura impano isinziriye aho niho twakoresheje nk'ikitwa amarushnwa yiswe ''Mashariki African Film Festival''</nowiki>. == Amahame n'Intego == Iri Serukiramuco ryakozwe n'abakinnyi ba film,abakinnyi bumuco na siporo ndetse nakinnyi burwenya (comedian). == Ibyifuzo == Bashishikarije urubyiruko gukora cyane bkikura m'ubukene kandi ba kangurira urubyiruko gukora cyane kndi bagakorera hamwe.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/136930/hatangijwe-iserukiramuco-rya-mashariki-urubyiruko-rusabwa-kutagira-amahirwe-rwitesha-136930.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} nw7wr37jta673f1mirm9afnauzocqz9 Philippe MWIZERWA 0 18739 137651 107053 2026-09-15T16:49:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137651 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == Uyu musore Philippe Mwizerwa atuye mu karere ka Gatsibo mu ntara y'iburasira zuba. == Ibikorwa == avuga ko kwitabira ibiganiro bihuza urubyiruko bibafasha guhura bagasobanurirwa byinshi kuri gahunda za Leta no kumenya aho bashobora kuba bazamurana. == umukoro == N'umukozi akora ibikorwa bye kandi akiteza imbere ari fashije urebye ameze neza.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/urubyiruko-rurenga-200-ruraganira-ku-ruhare-rwabo-mu-ngengo-y-imari</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 7exknelfbncsxu4x0nb63mcy27f0y8g Ikoranabuhanga ribika amakuru y'Ubutaka 0 18836 137418 106488 2026-09-15T14:54:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137418 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikoranabuhanga ribika amakuru y'ubutaka rikoreshwa babika amakuru ku mijyi cyangwa imiturire, Amakuru y'ubutaka n'imikoresereze y'ubutaka mu nyungu z'iterambere ry'igihugu no kugena imikoreshereze y'ubutaka muri rusange.<ref>https://www.bdcnetwork.com/blog/3-urban-planning-trends-are-changing-how-our-cities-will-look-future</ref> Mu gihe uturere two mu mijyi dukura abategura igishushanyo mbonera bifashisha ikoranabuhanga rya GIS (Geographic Information System) kugirango ibafashe gukurikirana umutungo ,no gukurikirana ibikenewe by'iterambere. Imwe mu mpamvu ituma GIS aringenzi m gutegura imijyi n'ubushobozi bwo kumva neza ibikenewe mu mujyi ndetse no mu gihugu hamwe n'igishushanyo mbonera kibikenewe. mugutungsnya amakuru y'imiterere y'asaterite. gufotora mu kirere abakoresha igishushanyo bunguka ibitekerezo birambuye ku butaka n'ibikorwa remezo. mugihe abatuye umujyi bagenda bakwirakwira akamaro ka GIS kagaragarizwa mu bushobozi bwayo bwo gukusanya amakuru menshi kandi akenewe, nko guhitamo ahajya inyubako nshya cyangwa se ahazqajya imyanda n'ibindi.<ref>https://gis.usc.edu/blog/why-is-gis-important-in-urban-planning/</ref> == Gucunga amakuru n'imiterere ya porogaramu == Intandaro ya Gis ni Ikusanyirizo ikubiyemo ibintu byerekana imiterere ya jewogarafi (Imiterere y'ahantu) ni ibintu byaho cyangwa ibiranga ububiko bwa GIS bushobora kubikwa mu buryo butandukanye. ikusanyirizo rya amadosiye atandukanye cyangwa ububiko bumwe bushoboka butandukanye. Gukusanya no gucunga aya makuru mubisanzwe bigiza igice kinini cy'umutungo n'ubutunzi bw'umushinga birenze kure cyane nko gusesengura ndetse no gushushanya.<ref>https://www.bdcnetwork.com/blog/3-urban-planning-trends-are-changing-how-our-cities-will-look-future</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} qubhsu1xb3ehyk4ef99v1ov8nzesu03 Amahamba y’abungeri b’Ingurube 0 18878 137306 132692 2026-09-15T14:23:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137306 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kugaburira ingurube.jpg|thumb|348x348px|ingurube]] == Iryoheshabirayi == Inzovu y’urwijiji rukabije ubujorojoro [[Dosiye:Ingurube mu kiraro.jpg|thumb|Iryoheshabirayi|283x283px]] Iya rujegeza-bijumba rwa semitabo,      Noneho amavubi arayarika mu bikobokobo,      Kira nyumba ya rukara rwa Majoro!      Rujugitira-bijumba rwa njunditse ibika      Imvubu y’icyagane ya ruhungabanya-bitebo, [[Dosiye:Ikiraro cy'inkurube.jpg|thumb|282x282px|aborozi b'ingurube]]      Isigaye itengerana umuraru wose ugatigita      Ikaba iya rutare rwa SOMUKI i Rutongo!      Kivurivuri cya ruvungura-byavu      Imbona-bake ya ruhingitirana-mubiri,      Ni ikitayega zishokanye umunihiro,      Ikaba iya Rukara rwa MINETE!      Ruhiniriza-kibero rwa sendahiriye,      Karisimbi k’amatungo ka ruhonjokerana,      Iyo basigaye bitiranya na ruva-kwaya,      Ikaba iya Rutare rwa Muganga.      Umuduga uhetse umubyibuho wa ruzimiza-mbavu,      Imponjoke yagurirwa amarembo ya ruhimbaza-barebyi      Isigaye ikinana ibicece mu icongori ry’ibifungo:      Ikaba iya rukara rwa Kurimpuzu, nzayibaga!      Gihirihiri cya ruhingika-bondo, [[Dosiye:Pig farm Vampula 9.jpg|thumb]]      Inyumba irangwa n’umubyibuho ya ruvonyeza-bijumba,      Isigaye ibunda mu byambu ikabigomera:      Iba mu ngoro mu Rukari, aho zogerezwa isahani!      Gihiringitirane cyashiriyemo umurizo,      Mavuta-mingi ya rutenga-bondo,      Iyashinganywe n’abategeka-birori ba Leta,      Ifungiye i Rwinkwavu kwa Sovanye [[Dosiye:Pig farm Vampula 1.jpg|thumb]]      Rubyagira-nzira rwa ndanze guhigama,      Intamati yamazwe ubwoya no kuneta ya rubyimbabyimba,      Iyo bakekaga umwingo ikarushya abasuzumyi, [[Dosiye:Sus scrofa domesticus, miniature pig, juvenile.jpg|thumb]]      Izigamwe na Misiyoni iruhande rw’ifumbira!      Yemwe ga bana baragiye mu bishanga,      Mureke zirenze imijumbajumba n’isayo,      Nizihaga zihundagarire mu bizenga:      Zidashongesha amavuta yo gukaranga ibirayi.      Kamena niboneka ntibahute kuzamburira,      Ahanini muri hoteri harazishaka; [[Dosiye:Sus scrofa f domesticus - Réserve africaine de Sigean 01.jpg|thumb]]      Zirahaka amanoti n’ibikoroti mu mabondo,      Nicyo abasirimu bazikundira murakenge!      Kuyavuga si ko kuyarangiza inyuma:      Uwarata intendeza-matwi yakesha amajoro!      Za runihira zishoka nk’imvura y’umuhindo      Impini igaturika zikwira ibishanga.      Nimugwire Bikoko by’imva-burayi      Nimutungwe isanzure ntimukinenwa!      Nimutebanwe akamaro n’ibinyamahembe      Mubyirukane n’amajyambere y’u Rwanda.<ref>https://rwandanet.tripod.com/indyoheshabirayi.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 7ip0uzklbyb6y3k74aztdaxwixe72wo Sakwe Sakwe 0 18881 137578 132771 2026-09-15T16:23:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137578 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een man spring bij het hoogspringen 2.20 m Rwanda TMnr 60033970.jpg|thumb|sakwe sakwe]] == Ibisakuzo == [[Dosiye:Omweso players in kigali rwanda.jpg|thumb|igisoro]] Umwe ati: Sakwe sakwe! Undi ati: Soma! Uwa mbere ati: (bimwe mu bisakuzo) Kashira amanga karakanyagwa! [Akobo kavuna imbyeyi. Agacumu kica inkurikirane] Iri waribona he! [Ubukumi bwa so na nyoko. Umurara w’uburo] Mugongo mugari umpekera abana! (Urutara) Nkuruye urusuri ishyamba rirahubangana! [Umusore wishwe n’inzara] Nagutera urujeje uruhungira-jana warumenya nkaguhemba [Inyenyeri kw ijuru] Karakurizaga karakurutaga wa duli we? [Akanyarirajisho] Gatinze kazaza!<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/akamaro-nuburanga-byumuco/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-15 |archive-date=2024-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715152728/https://rw.amateka.net/akamaro-nuburanga-byumuco/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 0ao7o4y0u2c18hny06iundl9bznoa9u Imana yi Rwanda 0 18882 137307 132671 2026-09-15T14:23:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137307 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kabga.jpg|thumb|imana y'irwanda|144x144px]] == Iyobokamana == [[Dosiye:Kiliziya imag.jpg|thumb|Iyobokamana|172x172px]] [[Umuco nyarwanda|Umuco-nyarwanda]] wemeraga Imana Rurema. Mbere y’uko Kiliziya igera mu [[Rwanda]], abakurambere bakoreshaga uburyo bwo guteza utuyuzi, ari byo kuraguza. Bakabaririza neza intsinzi y’inyatsi n’ibyago, maze inda yasumba indagu, ibyo ku gicumbi bikaburiramo, noneho ibyari umuhigo bikaboneza mu muhogo, ibintu byashaka bikadogera ni ha handi. N’ubwo iby’abapfu biribwa n’abapfumu, kuko ntawe utamba munsi iyo Nyamunsi yaje, indagu yibandaga ku bishobora gutanga ibyara no kurinda abanzi n’abarozi. Aha rero, inzira yari ndende, kuko byarengaga abazima bigafatira n’abazimu. Kera kabaye bigasaba kubandwa. Iyo zageraga ku Mulinzi wa Lyangombe, zahinduraga imvugo bigatinda: urwagwa rugahinduka urwaka, kwihagarika bikaba gutera isogi .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/imyemerere-ihejeje-abantu-mu-rujijo-imana-y-i-rwanda-imana-ya-israel-igice-cya</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/akamaro-nuburanga-byumuco/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-15 |archive-date=2024-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715152728/https://rw.amateka.net/akamaro-nuburanga-byumuco/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ABakurambere == Mu myizerere ya ba sogokuruza, urubanza rwose n’urugendo urwari rwo rwose rwagombaga kubanza kumurikirwa abakurambere: ni byo bita guterekera. Ni nk’isengesho rya buri gihe, bakagusha neza abazimu kugirango batarakara bakarikoroza, ibintu bikadogera. Muri uko guterekera, habagamo guhiga umuhigo, maze ibintu byagenda neza bakazawuhigura, bigahuza n’igihe cyo kubandwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Imana == [[Dosiye:Messenger lmage.jpg|thumb|imana y'irwanda|114x114px]] [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb]] Umuco-nyarwanda, mbere y’umwaduko w’Abapadiri Bera n’Abamisiyoneri b’Abazungu, abanyarwanda bemeraga ko Imana ishobora byose, itanga byose kandi itagurirwa: amazina amwe arabihamya: Ntimugura (Imana ntimugura, iyo muguze iraguhenda), Maniraguha (Imana iraguha, ntimugura), Hategekimana cyangwa Niyitegeka (Imana ni yo itegeka byose) na Itangishaka kandi Itangayenda (ntihaba gukanura amaso). Ni bwo habaho ya mvugo ngo: Uwo Imana yahaye amata ntisukamo amazi. Kandi ngo uwo Imana yasize umunyu rubanda ruramurigata. Bityo, agati kateretswe n’Imana ntigahuhwa n’umuyaga. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] l7dswjbu33kzih4lywog4qd2zqikxon Impuzu 0 18883 137338 132708 2026-09-15T14:26:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137338 wikitext text/x-wiki == Impuzu DESIGN == [[Dosiye:Amasuka ,,,,.jpg|thumb|266x266px|Abasore]] [[Umugabo|Abasore]] bacyera bambaraga impuzu, aba none bari muri mugondo, amapantalo manini yitwa ‘kaguru k’[[inzovu]], bakitwara “burasita”, mbese ntuzabashakire hafi, benshi biyambarira ibishwangi (ibishwambagara) ngo ni yo mudeli igezweho! Ni akumiro nk’aka wa musaza wo mu ruhira uvugwa mu gisakuzo.<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Amateka-n-umuco-Uko-abanyarwanda-bagiye-batera-imbere-mu-myambarire</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/twinigure/ubibona-ute/article/ese-koko-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere-ntibambaraga</ref> == Ubu == [[Dosiye:Intore 538.jpg|thumb|Impuzu|271x271px]] Mu gihe abagabo bambaraga impuzu, ab’ubu banigiriza karuvate itema igituza, bakambara amapantalo n’amakote. Abadashoboye kubihanura, biyambarira impari (ikabutura). Icyakora hari aho bagikenyera imyenda. Aho amajyambere y’abazungu agereye mu [[Rwanda]], umwambaro uboneye wari ikanzu cyangwa ijipo n’ishati/umupira ku mwari, wari ikabutura n’ishati ku musore, ukaba umucyenyero n’umwitero ku babyeyi n’abagabo. Habaho n’amakoti ya kabuti, amwe ajya gukabakaba ku birenge.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Intore Dancer 01.jpg|thumb|impuzu ]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] r0wd0wfrnwdjtqfymxvbuyf4ka6vl5v Umuco nyarwanda w'umwimerere 0 18919 137778 132793 2026-09-15T17:10:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137778 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umutahira.jpg|thumb|334x334px|umuco]] == Umuzi w'umuco == [[Dosiye:Rwandan men performing traditional dance called 'GUHAMIRIZA'.jpg|thumb|Guhamiriza|396x396px]] Kuva kera na kare, uhereye [[isi]] yabaho, mu mpande zayo uko ari enye, yemeye kwakira ibintu n’abantu, yemera kwakira ibihumeka n’ibidahumeka, yakira [[inyamaswa]] zose n’ibidukikije, ikikira umucyo n’umwijima byombi ibisimburanya uko ibihe bihora bisimburana iteka ryose!  Muri urwo ruhererekane rw’ibihe n’ibindi, ahantu hose hagiye hagaragara ko icyo bamwe bita ikiremwa-muntu, abandi bakacyita inyoko-muntu, cyahanikiye ibindi biremwa byose mu buryo bw’ubwenge, imibereho n’imyitwarire.  Iyi nyoko-muntu yahebuje ibibaho byose umugisha n’ubwenge, bwa bundi yegukanye ubutware bw’isi n’ibiyirimo byose, ibikesha Nyilibiremwa.  Ni muri urwo ruhando rw’ubuzima rusange dusangamo umwihariko w’umuco ku muntu, bigahwana na ya nkongoro ya Dede inyweraho Dede wenyine.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241204003146/https://rw.amateka.net/category/umuco/</ref> == Ubu n'ibindi == [[Dosiye:WikiIndaba 2022 - Day 1 Kigali Rwanda 02.jpg|thumb|323x323px|umuco]] Umuco uzasanga ko ugenda uhinduka uko ibihe bihaye ibindi, bitewe n’ibigezweho bisimbura ibishaje, bimwe bizwi neza ko agaharaye gahabwa agahari, kaharurukwa kagahabwa agahini da! Ariko umuco uvugwa si ugusambira ibyo hirya no hino, ngo ibyo ubonye byose ubiyongobeze utabanje ‘gushungura’, ukeka ko wasakiwe. Ntabwo umuco ari ugupfa kuyora ibyo ubonye wigana ibyo ahandi, bwa bundi ‘urwiganwa rwa mushushwe  rwamaze abana b’imbeba mu rubariro’ kandi ngo n’ingendo y’undi iravuna.  Ahubwo umuco uboneye kandi ushimwa ni uwo kwimenya: ntiwisumbukuruze cyangwa ngo wibonabone, wiyobagize, wiryagagure, wimocamoce. Umuco mu bantu ni ukumenya uko uri n’aho uri, ukiyubaha ndetse ukubaha n’abandi. Umuco ni nk’agati gakubiranye, [[bene]] wo bawukwirakwiza aho bari hose, bakishimira uko bameze, bakivuga ibigwi bimwe by’usingiza intwari ahera ku z’iwabo. Ariko byarimbanya, indakuzi ikabuza umugabo kwivuga kandi icyenewabo kikagaruza imfizi urushyi.  None se tubivuge ngw’iki? Ko hariho umuco-nyarwanda w’umwimerere.[https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/ https://web.archive.org/web/20241204003146/https://rw.amateka.net/category/umuco/ [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] fiqqwq951f0a2xfipyldf8aaesp6tbd Inkuri mu muco 0 18928 137534 132726 2026-09-15T15:55:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137534 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gucunda Amata culture or cheese making.jpg|thumb|304x304px|inkuri mumuco]] == Inkuri == [[Dosiye:Elderly Gambian woman face portrait.jpg|thumb|Inkuri ku mugore|313x313px]] [[Umugore]] utwite mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]] yanywaga imiti isanzwe, akanywa ibyo bita '''Inkuri,''' Inkuri ibamo imiti yose, ari iy’ibinyoro, ari iya mburugu ari iy’izindi ndwara, ikarera inda igakura neza, ikazavuka neza .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/inkuli-kwuhagira-inda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-19 |archive-date=2024-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718071627/https://rw.amateka.net/inkuli-kwuhagira-inda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uko ikora == Inkuri bayikoresha ibumba bakura mu gishanga cyangwa ku iliba lyashotsweho n’[[inka]] zilimo imfizi. Ibumba bamara kuligeza aho, bakazana idoma n’akanyamapfundo n’igicumucumu, n’icyumwa, n’umuzigagore na kijanja, n’umusekerasuka, n’umubilizi, n’umuhoko, n’inyabarasanya, n’igihondohondo, umwumba w’[[urubingo]] n’igihima (cyo kuvura uruhima), n’umunyu w’intama (witwa '''umumaramahano''' ), n’ikibabi cy’uruyuzi rw’urwungwane. Ibiti byose bakabitotora utubabi, bagashyira mu isekuru bagasekura neza, bakanoza. Iyo amababi yose amaze kunoga neza, bazana lya bumba, bakalishyira mu isekuru, bagasekura hamwe na bya bindi byose, aliko ibumba akaba ali lyo lyiganza cyane. Babona bimaze kunoga neza, bakabikura mu isekuru, bakanika bikuma; byamara kwuma neza, bakabihereza umugore. Umugore unywa inkuli ahengera agasusuruko gakwiliye imisozi, akenda inkuli maze agashyiraho utuzi, akenda n’ingasire cyangwa umwuko akabikubaho; utuvungukira (ifu) akadutega uruho, nuko amazi yamara gukora, nyira-mama wanjye akanywa, akazarorera agiye kubyara. Iyo badashatse gushyiramo ibyo byose, bareba idoma n’akanyamapfundo, akaba ali byo bavanga n’ibumba, bagasekurana bakanywa. Aliko lero umwana yamara kuvuka, ako kanya bakamushakira umuhoko n’umwishywa, bakavuguta, bakamushyiliramo utuzi dukeya, bakamuha akanywa, ngo atazarwara ibinyoro.<ref name=":0" /> Umugore wabyaye ibitsina byombi, ntiyongera kunywa inkufi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] kqxyu3789n2ppqoygj5yykj7pfscjre Uburenganzira mukunyema amakuru n'imihindagurikire y'ubutaka 0 18953 137360 122994 2026-09-15T14:30:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137360 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Varying landuse - geograph.org.uk - 2300712.jpg|thumb]] Guhindura imikoreshereze y'ubutaka ni inzira ikorwa n'abantu bihindura imiterere karemano<ref>https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mya152783.pdf</ref>. bivuga uburyo ubutaka bwakoreshejwe, Ubusanzwe bushimangira uruhare rw'ubutaka mu mubikorwa by'ubukungu. Ihinduka ry'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka akenshi ridafite umurongo kandi rishobora gukura ibisubizo kuri sisitemu. guhangayikisha imibereho no kubangamira abantu bafite intege nke. Ntabwo rero inzira zimpinduka zikoreshwa gusa zikeneye isuzumabumenyi, Ariko nanone bishoboka ko ibihe bizaza bigomba gutegurwa bimwe a bimwe, Byombi gukirango habeho igihe kirambye.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/land-use-change</ref> == Intego == [[Dosiye:Okalugia.jpg|thumb|landuse]] Intego n'ingamba yibanze yiki gice ni ugutanga isesengura ry'imihindagurikire y'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu kwerekana itandukaniro ry'igihe gito ry'imihindagurikire y'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka. mubiranga ISI n'ibikorwa by'ingenzi harimo umusaruro w'ubutaka, Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Karuboni.Biogaze,Amazi,Amashanyarazi n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Tekinoroji ikoreshwa mukubona ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubutaka bwahindutse kuva muburyo bworoshye butandukanye bugenzurwa mu kumenya amakuru y'ubutaka bwawe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/5/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-21 |archive-date=2024-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809195204/https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/5/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} nenqdkx86i9bxi7guv2l953t60z5u5s ImIgenzo mu muco 0 18966 137652 132681 2026-09-15T16:49:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137652 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een man spring bij het hoogspringen 2.20 m Rwanda TMnr 60033970.jpg|thumb|316x316px|imigenzo mumuco]] == Imigenzo == [[Dosiye:Joy in traditional dance.jpg|thumb|Imigenzo mu muco Nyarwanda]] Icyumwa cyo mu gasozi cyapfumuye umugina, bagikurana n’imizi bakayimarayo, ntihagire n’akababi kagwa hasi, bakabibaliza ku ntara; amabango bakayajugunya hejuru y’[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami mu Rwanda|inzu]], bakacyambara ku buhivu, bagakira. Amacinya avurwa kandi n’igufa ly’inkura. Urwaye amacinya, bareba umuzibaziba, bakawumukubita ku kibuno, bagahindukira bakawumanika ku nkumbi y’umuliro, nuko ngo amacinya akuma ako kanya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amakonyora == [[Dosiye:Umuco wo gusangira.jpg|thumb|umuco wo gusangira]] Iyo umuntu arwaye amakonyora, bica intashya bakayica umutwe, bakawumanika, wamara kwuma, bakawutoboza uruhindu rushyushye; urwaye amakonyora akawambara ku ivi cyangwa ku kaguru. Abashatse bafata intashya nzima bagaca indasago aho umuntu arwaye amakonyora, amaraso bakayaha intashya, bakayirekura ikagenda, ikajyana na yo, umurwayi agakira. Igufa ly’agaca balihambira mu karere bakambara, amakonyora agakira. lgufa ly’urukwavu na lyo livura amakonyora; balyambara ku mavi bagakira. lgufa ly’umutwa balikoza ku gishilira, bakalyambara aho babonye hose, aliko babanje kulyiyuka, nuko bagakira amakonyera. N’igikoba cy’imbogo kivura amakonyora. Ikindi kivura amakonyora, ni igi ly’inkurakura, ngo balimenera mu museke, bakawutobora bakawambika umuntu urwaye amakonyora, uwo muntu agakira bidatinze. Amagufa y’inyaga avura amakonyora. Benda igufa ly’inyaga bakalyambika umuntu urwaye mu ngingo aho ikonyofa limubabaza hose, ngo agakira. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] kwkzejw03p7qb2e5g8pp1km6bk1qavg Imihango y'umugore utwite 0 18970 137339 132697 2026-09-15T14:26:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137339 wikitext text/x-wiki == Imihango ku mugore utwite == [[Dosiye:2008-02-24 Human abdomen in pregnancy.jpg|thumb|Umugore utwite]] [[Dosiye:LEMPIES Pregnancy.jpg|thumb|pregnant woman]] [[Umugore]] utwite, akunda kurwara irekwe (gusinzira); yilinda gutambuka umugabo we, ngo iyo amutambutse„ na we aralirwara.Umugore utvvite, maze hakagira umutambuka akamurenga, iy’umugore akozwe n’inda yanze kuvuka, batumira uwamurenze, akaza kumurengura. Iyo atamurenguye, ngo ntabyara, ngo inda iramwica. Umugore utwite, iyo arenze imiseno, ngo akuramo inda. Umugore utwite ntajya iwabo ataligeze guca mu irembo, ngo akuramo inda. Umugore utwite yilinda kunywa inzoga ipfutse, ngo apfumuze umuheha icyo bayipfukishije; babanza gukuraho urupfuko akabona gusoma ku nzoga; ngo atabigize atyo inda yazamwica ikamupfukirana; kandi ngo atazabyara umwana upfutse, utazashobora kuvuga.Umugore utwite ntaseka ikimara, ngo na we atakibyara. Ikintu cyose cyabuze ubulyo, umugore utwite yilinda kugiseka, ngo aragiseka akazakibyara (ibara Iyacyo-cyangwa akabyara ikidashyitse) Umugore utwite ntaseka uwahetse inyonjo, ngo yabyara umwa na uyihetse.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-utwite/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723114451/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-utwite/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Lempies - Pregnancy screenshot.jpg|thumb|298x298px|umugore utwite]] == Ibindi == Umugore utwite, apfa kubona ikintu cy’imboneka limwe, nk’igali, imodoka, akagikoraho, akikora no ku nda, cyangwa akareba aho icyo kintu cyanyuze, akahakora agakora no ku nda ye, cyangwa akareba ikintu cyagikozeho, akakinyweraho amazi; cyangwa akareba uko acyambara. Iyo atabigenjeje atyo ngo abyara icyo kintu yabonye (ibara lyacyo. Umugore utwite, yilinda kureba aho imbwa yabwaguliye, kereka ibibwana bimaze guhumura; ngo atazabyara umwana uhumye. Umugore utwite, ntiyabona inzoka ngo aseke, iyo asetse, abyara umwana usohoroye urulimi nk’urw’inzoka. Azira no kwica inzoka, ngo yabyara umwana urabya indimi, kereka yambaye icyunulizwa cyayo. Umugore utwite, iyo agiye aho babaga, ntiyahava kereka bamuciliye inyama, batamuciliye ngo yakuramo inda.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] h9y246tvkqut078iuxu7pw07nxfkrz1 Intama 0 18973 137596 132732 2026-09-15T16:43:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137596 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Moutons (03).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Flock of sheep.jpg|thumb|inama|257x257px]] == Intama == [[Dosiye:Sheep in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Intama mu muco, zifashishwaga mu gusaba.|205x205px]] '''Intama''' ni itungo cyangwa igitungwa kirya ivyatsi kandi gifise akamaro kanini mu mico kinyarwanda nki [[itungo]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110718175441/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/category/topics/agriculture/livestock-farming/cattle-keeping</ref> == Mu Rwanda == ''Kubungabunga ubwoko bw’intama'': Nk’uko bigaragara gahunda z’ubworozi zose zigamije kongera umusaruro (''intensification'') hakoreshejwe amoko y’amatungo atanga umusaruro mwinshi ku butaka buto. Ibi birasaba kubangurira ku bwinshi intama z’inyarwanda hafi ya zose ku bwoko bw’amata (''Friesian, Jersey'') muri gahunda yo kongera umukamo. Intama z’inyarwanda izwi kuba igira umukamo muto, ariko nanone izwiho kugira inyama nziza (''less cholesterol'') ari nacyo gituma mu bihugu byinshi batangiye kujya bayitwaraho icyororo. Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga izo nka z’inyambo, kugira ngo ubwo bwoko butazazima, hashyizweho amashyo atatu (3) y’Inyambo z’amashashi 600 zatoranyijwe muri Uganda, zikaba zororewe Gako mu Bugesera na Karama muri Nyagatare.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110718175441/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/category/topics/agriculture/livestock-farming/cattle-keeping</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] aeakdh0b6rtgdgjkhek4q2ejgsi2z7r Umugeni mu muco Nyarwanda 0 18974 137744 132797 2026-09-15T17:03:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137744 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umugeni == [[Dosiye:Guheka umugeni.jpg|thumb|umugeni mu muco Nyarwanda]] '''Umugeni''' mu Gisaka no mu Kinyaga bajyana inzagwa gusaba, kuko nta masaka ahaba, amasaka barayabeteza. Iyo umuhungu akuze, ashaka umugore, se ajya kumukwra kwa se w’umukobwa akajyana inkwano. Inkwano ijyana n’inzoga nibyo byitwa Gusaba Umugeni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/inkwano-gusaba-umugeni/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723125742/https://rw.amateka.net/inkwano-gusaba-umugeni/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> lyo umugeni atakowe, baremeye inkwano, umukobwa w’uwo mugore, iyo akowe; inkwano y’umukobwa ikwa nyina. lbyo byemewe n’umuco. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] qsmtzpzppdj242me1e9ufhqcz5h5v20 Imihamuro 0 18989 137553 132683 2026-09-15T16:05:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137553 wikitext text/x-wiki == ku mugabo == [[Dosiye:Intore zacu.jpg|thumb|umugabo|295x295px]] '''UMUBWIRWA''' Umugabo aragenda agaca agati kitwa ‘umubwirwa’, agashami kawo akagahamuramo impigi ngo ajye abwirwa ijambo lyiza na shebuja; amababi akayanika agaskya, ifu agashyira mu ngingo y’umuseke, yagira aho ajya, ifu akayivanga n’amavuta akisiga, ngo asekana na bose, abwirwa ijambo lyiza na bose.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-nindi-migenzo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724122218/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-nindi-migenzo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''UMUGASA.''' Umugabo aca agati kitwa “umugasa” agahamuramo impigi, akambara ku njishi, ako gati gatera kugira ubutoni kuli bose. '''UMUHANURANKUBA'''. Umugabo arawambara ngo atazakubitwa n’inkuba. '''UMUHEZAYO'''. Igiti cyahambye, umugabo agihamurarno impigi akambara agaheza abanzi. '''UMUHOKO'''. Ngo ni “Bahokera-busha”, n’umucucu ngo ni “bacucubikana bali bucube; umugabo ugiye kuburana arabyambara, ngo bimutera gutsinda umuburanya, kuko avugira ubusa, akavugira gucuba, agatsindwa. '''UMUKENKE'''. Umukenke witwa “rubwa”, umuntu arawambara kugira ngo abamwanga ahore abita imbwa. '''UMUKONI.''' Umukoni witwa “indahangarwa”, bambara imbuto yawo, ngo badahangarwa n’abanzi n’abarozi. '''UMUGERA.''' Umugabo ugiye kuburana, yenda umugera ngo witwa “umugeruza”, akawushinga mu ziko, akawokora, akawubika, ngo ageruje amagambo y’umuburanya. '''UMUNANIRA.''' Ni agati kitwa “umutarama”, ngo n’inzovu iragashikuza kakayinanira. Umugabo agahamuramo impigi akayambara ku kibuno, ngo ananire abanzi n’abarozi. '''UMUREMBE'''. (umutobotobo utagira amahwa) barawambara, ngo umwanzi n’umurozi bakaremba. '''UMWAMIRA.''' Iyo umuntu yambuye undi, agira ngo ataz-menyekana, ahamura impigi mu giti cyitwa “umwamira”; nuko yahura n’uwo yambuye akamuyoberwa. '''URUGIMBU'''. Umuntu wangana n’undi, areba urugimbu rwirabuye rwitwa “umuculi”, akarujyana mu mayirabili, aho umwanzi we akunda kunyura. Iyo arutambutse arapfa. Ushatse kandi amutega imiculi y’inkoko yirabuye. Ayitaba mu irembo ly’umwanzi we; bulya aciye mu irembo akayitambuka, ngo agapfa. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 6ximilnw8vu39jxi2rv0b09pzm00mow Kuterura umwana mu muco 0 18990 137396 132757 2026-09-15T14:42:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137396 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:San mothers carrying their back.jpg|thumb|330x330px|abamama bateruye abana]] == umwana == [[Dosiye:Kunyagirwa.jpg|thumb|umwana|374x374px]] Nuko igihe cya nimunsi, ku kirengarenga cy’izuba, ibyo batetse byose bimaze gushya, babisutse ku ntara y’isugi n’umutsima uli aho, n’amata y’inshyushyu n’ay’ikivuguto ali mu nkongoro ebyili na zo z’amasugi (zitagira ubumene ). Icyo gihe kandi isaso yo ku kiliri baba bayikuye mu nzu, bayishyize ahantu umwanzi atagera ngo azayibone. Ivu lyo mu ziko n’impeho z’umwana baba babiyoreye ku ntara. Abana baralitswe bakaza, bagasanga umubyeyi yambaye neza yalimbye ateze urugoli. Nuko umubyeyi agaheka umwana, akenda ya ntara iliho ivu n’impeho z`umwana, akayikorera; abana b’abahungu bakamujya imbere biyereka, ab’abakobwa na bo bakamujya inyuma, bakagenda babyina. Umubyeyi akajya aho insina ili akabisukaho. Iyo nsina iba iy’uwo mwana. Bagahindukira, nyina w’umwana akicara ku ntebe iruhande rw’imyugaliro (iyo umwana ali umuhungu); naho iyo ali umukobwa basohoye, umubyeyi akicara ku ntebe mu irebe ly’umulyango.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/umugore-ku-kiliri-no-gusohoka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724124439/https://rw.amateka.net/umugore-ku-kiliri-no-gusohoka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Iyo bamaze kwogosha umwana na nyina, bazana ibishyimbo, bakajya gusoroma imboga z’amoko yose iyo ava akagera: isogi, ibisusa by’inzuzi z’inzungwane, inyabutongo, igisura bagateka. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] g2eazh4s3muaurftetr8ssm1a0rlw62 Kirazira ku mugore 0 18993 137340 132740 2026-09-15T14:27:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137340 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umugore == [[Dosiye:Umugore uvuye mu murima.jpg|thumb|umugore|381x381px]] Umugore azira gukora ku ibere ly’inka, ntiyagerageza no gukama, ngo ni ugukenya umugabo, byongeye ngo ni ugukungura. Umugore kudakama inka, bituruka ku muvumo wa Nyirarucyaba. Yakamye inka maze musaza we aramukubya (amubona yambaye ubusa); ni bwo Nyirarucyaba agize ati: Umugore ntakama inka imyaka ibihumbi; ingoma ibihumbi umugore ntakama inka; arazikama bikaba ubukunguzi, bakamuca amatwi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423145408/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umugore ntacunda amata, kereka yerekeje igisabo hanze, atabigize ngo bikenya umugabo, kandi bigasulira inka nabi. Umugore ntiyicara ku icukiro, bikenya umugabo. Umugore wivuga, ngo akenya umugabo. Umugore ntavugiliza, ntabika (kwigana umubiko w’isake); ngo bikenya umugabo we. Umugore ntiyavuza urwamu, ngo ashyire urushyi ku munwa; umugore uvuza induru ngo akenya umugabo. Umugore ntasimbuka ngo ace ikibungo, bikenya umugabo. Umugore arabyina ntasimbuka. Umugore ntashyira inkoni ku rutugu, ngo bikenya umugabo. Umugore ntacana igiti cyitwa isheshe, ngo yarwana n’umugabo we. Umugore ufite akananwa kirabura kaliho utwoya, bavuga ko yaliye ihene, byitwa ko yameze ubwanwa; ngo akenya umugabo we, kereka bamuciye amatwi.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 2jjktfzvmnbd60q0ps04rri17idc39d Imihango yo kurema 0 19001 137764 132704 2026-09-15T17:09:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137764 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kurema == [[Dosiye:Guhura.jpg|thumb|Kurema]] Iyo bagiye guhura imyaka, babanza kurema ngo idatuba. Bareba intosho bakayigereka hejuru y’ingata, bagashyiraho ibyo bahura. Uremye akenda ikibando agakubita, ati : Indengo imwe, eshanu, esheshatu, iya cumi y’umugenzi. Nuko abahura bagahura, imyaka igatubuka. Igihe bahura bilinda kurundisha inkoni, barundisha amashyi, ngo bidatubya imyaka. Kirazira iyo bahura imyaka, nta muntu waza ngo anyure haruguru y’aho bahulira. Nta n’uyoresha urushyi ngo ahuhe; ni ugutubya imyake, Iyo bamaze guhura bazana intara bakayiyoresha yubitse (ntibayoresha intoke), bagaterera hejuru, bagasamisha imbere n’intara. Utwo bagosoye bakadusuka mu cyo babikamo; basukira hejuru y’agaseke (umuseke), bigatubura Imyaka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614022119/https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] k5r0qajwknr6edwe353607st2aj8v5t Imihango y'urugo 0 19004 137419 132700 2026-09-15T14:54:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137419 wikitext text/x-wiki == Urugo == [[Dosiye:Un habitat avec clôture en branches des palmiers à l'huile.jpg|thumb|Urugo twimiyenzi]] Umuntu azira rwose gutema Igikingi cy'irembo; kirazira rwose kukigera n’umuhoro, ngo ni ugusura amatongo. Iyo amazi atungutse mu irembo, atuma umuntu atunga. Umuntu uhindura irembo akalyerekeza mu gikaIi, abyara abakobwa basa batagira umuhungu ubavukamo. Umuntu yilinda cyane kumena IFU mu rugo, cyangwa ku buliri, ngo bikenya umugore w’urwo rugo agapfa. Barahanuza, ndetse bakahimuka. Ni bimwe n’iyo umuntu abonye amavuta cyangwa amaraso mu rugo; ni ishyano libi, barahanuza. Umuntu azira kwitabira mu KIGEGA, ngo nticyuzura. Kwitsamulira mu kigega, ni amakuba mabi, ngo kwitsamulira inyuma y’urugi rukinze no kwitsamulira iruhande rw’ikirago cyegetse, ni ugupfa ntakabuza. Barahanuza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-rugo-nibyo-munzu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724145851/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-rugo-nibyo-munzu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Urugo rw' kinyarwa.jpg|thumb|324x324px|urugo ]] == Ibindi == Umuntu ufite ikigega maze kikagwa cyali kilimo amasaka, umuzigaba cyangwa umuse, ni we uza kucyegura. Undi wundi acyeguye cyamutera ibyago. Umuntu iyo avuye gutashya INKWI, maze igihe atuye inkwi mu rugo umugozi ugacika, alishima ngo arahaga. Kirazira kwinjiza inkwi mu nzu uko zagahambiliwe, babanza kuzihambura; umugozi wazo bakawuhambiliza urukwi rumwe ngo ni wo mugenzo. Kuzinjiza zihambiliye, bikenya bene urugo. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] ptdgy9n4fbmoxrbdq6i8e4ftqbvj0bv Uburenganzira ku bukode burambye bw'ubutaka 0 19028 137506 110409 2026-09-15T15:51:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137506 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubutaka - umurima.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] == Ubutaka == [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|Ubtaka]] [[Umwana|Umuntu]] utunze ubutaka ku buryo bw’ubukode burambye afite uburenganzira bukurikira: 1° gukoresha ubwo butaka uko abishaka, ariko yubahiriza amategeko agenga imikoreshereze y’ubutaka; 2° kubona umusaruro uturuka ku butaka bwe n’inyungu zawo; 3° guhererekanya uburenganzira bwe ku butaka.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itegeko-rishya-ry-ubutaka-rigiye-gutangira-gushyirwa-mu-bikorwa</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] d4iwrhueo5uco1rfkl0jdhuz0yy8f8n Gutiza ubutaka 0 19029 137535 110410 2026-09-15T15:55:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137535 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubutaka - umurima.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] == Ubutaka == [[Dosiye:Imiringoti.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka]] Ipiganwa ryo gutiza cyangwa gukodesha [[ubutaka]] bwa Leta ku mpamvu z’ishoramari rirambye ritegurwa na Minisiteri ifite ubutaka mu nshingano ifatanyije n’urwego rufite guteza imbere ishoramari mu nshingano. Inzego zitegura ipiganwa zitegura n’inyandiko y’ipiganwa. Ipiganwa ryo gutiza cyangwa gukodesha ubutaka bwa Leta ku mpamvu z’ishoramari rirambye rikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itegeko-rishya-ry-ubutaka-rigiye-gutangira-gushyirwa-mu-bikorwa</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] lvsfw223cnl6sws2c2ccnpewjj50pwz Guhabwa ubutaka butanyuze mu ipiganwa 0 19031 137397 110412 2026-09-15T14:42:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137397 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubutaka - umurima.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] == Ubutaka == [[Dosiye:Savannah zebras.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka]] Urwego rufite guteza imbere ishoramari mu nshingano rusaba mu nyandiko, mu mwanya w’umushoramari, Minisitiri ufite [[ubutaka]] mu nshingano gutiza cyangwa gukodesha ubutaka bwa Leta mu rwego rw’ishoramari rirambye bitanyuze mu ipiganwa. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itegeko-rishya-ry-ubutaka-rigiye-gutangira-gushyirwa-mu-bikorwa</ref> == Ibindi == Inyandiko isaba gutiza cyangwa gukodesha ubutaka bwa Leta mu rwego rw’ishoramari rirambye bitanyuze mu ipiganwa iherekezwa n’ibi bikurikira: 1° inyigo y’umushinga w’ishoramari; 2° icyemezo kigaragaza ko uwo mushinga ari uw’ishoramari rirambye; 3° inyandiko igaragaza ingano y’ubutaka bukenewe kuri uwo mushinga. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 0dvaybwvtcyud6gjrf04hv47bmlt3h7 Ubutaka rw'iterambere 0 19035 137729 110420 2026-09-15T17:01:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] == Ubutaka == [[Dosiye:Umurima w' ibishyimbo n' urutoki.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] [[Ikigo k’Igihugu gishinzwe Amashyamba|Ikigo]] gifite imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu nshingano gifatanyije n’urwego rufite guteza imbere ishoramari mu nshingano bikora igenzura mu rwego rwo kureba ko umushoramari yubahiriza ibikubiye mu masezerano y’intizo cyangwa ay’ubukode bw’ubutaka bwa Leta n’inyigo y’umushinga umushoramari yatanze.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itegeko-rishya-ry-ubutaka-rigiye-gutangira-gushyirwa-mu-bikorwa</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 1y2mv6b43yazz09lpq0ztotgsej8nld Ubutaka buturwaho 0 19036 137745 110419 2026-09-15T17:03:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137745 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikibeho mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] == Ubutaka == [[Dosiye:Kibeho imag.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka]] Umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’[[ubutaka]] yongera igihe nyakuri cy’ubukode burambye, ku Munyarwanda, atabanje kubisaba. Umunyamahanga ushaka kongererwa igihe nyakuri cy’ubukode burambye abisaba mu nyandiko Umubitsi w’Inyandikompamo z’Ubutaka hasigaye nibura iminsi mirongo icyenda (90) kugira ngo igihe cy’ubukode kirangire, Umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’ubutaka yongera igihe nyakuri cy’ubukode burambye, ku Munyarwanda, atabanje kubisaba. Umunyamahanga ushaka kongererwa igihe nyakuri cy’ubukode burambye abisaba mu nyandiko Umubitsi w’Inyandikompamo z’Ubutaka hasigaye nibura iminsi mirongo icyenda kugira ngo igihe cy’ubukode kirangire.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itegeko-rishya-ry-ubutaka-rigiye-gutangira-gushyirwa-mu-bikorwa</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] efkgbrum02suhehm5tdikutb9mr63qa Gusarura Amashyamba 0 19059 137671 109809 2026-09-15T16:51:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137671 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Baumfällarbeiten an der Tauber in Tauberbischofsheim im Januar 2023 5.jpg|thumb|Gusarura ishyamba]] [[Dosiye:Bosque Encantado, Parque nacional de Garajonay, La Gomera, España, 2012-12-14, DD 19.jpg|thumb|gusarura amashyamba]] Gusarura Amashyamba bisaba kuba ishyamba ryeze, ndetse bigasaba kuba wasabye uruhushya ndetse inzego zibishyizwe zabisusubye, aha twavuga inzego z'umurenge, akarere ndetse n'abashinzwe [[amashyamba]].<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Amashamba == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] k37i5fzs2l9017w9lteqrs5nc0qlf6g Gucunga neza imyanda 0 19067 137653 109441 2026-09-15T16:49:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137653 wikitext text/x-wiki == inyanda == [[Dosiye:Ikimoteri kigezweho ikigali.jpg|thumb|imyanda mu kimoteri i kigali]] Gucunga neza amazi mabi n’imyanda ikomeye mu Rwanda bifite isura zitandukanye: kuva ku misarane ya Leta kugeza ahantu hateganyirijjwe za ruhurura. - Kuboneka kw’imyanda ikomeye, iy’amazi n’iy’imyuka ihumanya byiyongera ku muvuduko ujyanye n’uw’iterambere ry’inganda. - Mu byaro, igenamigambi ry’iterambere ry’Uturere ririmo gushimangira ko buri rugo (100 ku ijana) rugomba kuba rufite ikimpoteri gikozwe neza mu mwaka w’i 2024.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Ibidukikije == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] eqy617uhiw0ctyiyuau6vlgunxxhc0p Ubuhinzi n'iterambere ry'igihugu mu bukungu 0 19071 137672 109446 2026-09-15T16:51:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137672 wikitext text/x-wiki == ubuhinzi == [[Dosiye:Sembrado de soja en argentina.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi]] Urwego rw’[[ubuhinzi]] ni ingirakamaro mu bukungu bw’u Rwanda. Urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwariyongereye rugira impuzandengo ya 9,5 ku ijana mu bihe bya 1996 - 2000; ariko, iryo zamuka ryagabanutse mu kigero cya 4,8 ku ijana z’ubwiyongere buri mwaka mu 2001-2006 aho bwabaye ku buryo bugoranye igice cy’ubwiyongere bwabonetse mu gihe kibanziriza cy’imyaka 5 (ROR 2007).<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije</ref> == Umusaruro == Umusaruro w’ibihingwa mu 2008 wabaye munini cyane muri rusange, 14,8 ku ijana. Habayeho na none ubwiyongere ku musaruro w’ibiribwa no ku bihingwa bijyanwa mu mahanga bwa 16,4 na 13,5 ku ijana kuri buri cyiciro. - Mu 2001, uruhare rwo mu urwego rw’ubuhinzi muri PIB rwari hafi 46 ku ijana mu buryo nyakuri, rukaba rwari rugize 80 ku ijana ry’ibicuruzwa bisohoka. - Uruhare rwo mu urwego rw’ubuhinzi mu mizamukire rusange ya PIB mu mwaka w’i 2007 rwari 6.3 ku ijana. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 6p5sjjf9voz0p6ku2okiybcmigasjft Amabuye y'agaciro mu bidukikije 0 19075 137507 109452 2026-09-15T15:51:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137507 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amabuye == [[Dosiye:Mining dump.jpg|thumb|Amabuye]] Ubucukuzi bw’[[Amabuye y'agaciro|amabuye y’agaciro]] ni igikorwa kigizwe n’umutungo utisubiranya ufite agaciro gahanitse. Amabuye y’agaciro akoreshwa mu masoko y’igihugu no mu mahanga hagamijwe iterambere mu bukungu no mu bintu bikorerwa mu nganda. - Ariko, n’ubwo bukoresha ubuso buto bw’ubutaka, bushobora kugira ingaruka zihambaye ku bidukikije kandi akenshi zidatezuka. - Ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro na za kariyeri byiyongereyeho hafi 55 ku ijana mu mwaka w’i 2004, bishyigikiwe ahanini n’umusaruro wiyongeraga wa gasegereti n’uwa tini. - Urwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro na za kariyeri rukekwaho kuba rukoresha ku buryo butaziguye hafi abantu 50.000 mu Rwanda. <ref name=":0">https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije</ref> == Ibidukikije == Ubungubu, ibikomoka kuri za kariyeri bitanga 11 ku ijana by’inyungu ziboneka imbere mu gihugu ugereranije na 3-4 ku ijana uhereye mu mwaka w’i 1990. Ubwiyongere mu rwego rw’inganda bwageze hafi kuri 7 ku ijana mu mwaka w’i 2004, - Ntihashize igihe, mu myaka y’i 2006-2007, urwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro rwashyizwe mu maboko y’abikorera ku giti cyabo ku buryo burambuye, ibyo bituma haba imizamukire muri icyo gikorwa cy’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. - Amafaranga yinjiye akomoka ku mabuye y’agaciro (mines) yari miliyoni 71 z’Amadolari y’Abanyamerika na miliyoni 93 mu 2007 n’i 2008 buri kimwe. Yarengeje intego zakekwaga kugerwaho mbere.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] cjgn9khpt8p1ga2k6x14zct3ey242b0 Umutungo ukumiwe 0 19086 137361 115925 2026-09-15T14:30:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137361 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umutungo == [[Dosiye:Kubura k'ubwatsi.jpg|thumb|ubutaka|280x280px]] Hakurikijwe Ubwumvikane ku Rwunge rw’Ibinyabuzima mu [[Rwanda]], ahantu hakumiwe hasobanurwa nk’agace k’ubutaka, ibidukikije byerekeranye n’amazi cyangwa ingezi hafite imipaka ngenderwaho ishingiye ku miterere yaho, hashyiriweho ku buryo bw’umwihariko kurinda no kubungabunga urwunge rw’ibinyabuzima n’umutungo waho kamere n’uwerekeranye n’umuco; bityo aho hantu uko hateye hagomba kwerekanwa mu buryo bw’amategeko, gutunganywa no gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiriye, ubushingiye ku mategeko n’ubundi.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Amoko == [[Dosiye:Grass land area.jpg|thumb|Land|280x280px]] U Rwanda rufite amoko ane y’ahantu harinzwe harimo za pariki z’igihugu (Akagera, Nyungwe na Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga); amashyamba akumiwe (Gishwati, Ikirwa cya Iwawa n’amashyamba arinzwe ya Mukura); Amashyamba afite agaciro ndangamuco (ishyamba rya Buhanga); n’ibishanga bifite agaciro ku isi (agatsiko k’ibishanga bya Rugezi-Bulera-Ruhondo). Kuri ayo mashyamba afite ubuzima gatozi bushingiye ku mategeko agennga uturere turinzwe, hiyongeraho andi mashyamba afite agaciro gashingiye ku muco (ishyamba rya Busaga mu Karere ka Muhanga) n’ahandi hantu h’amashyamba cyimeza asa n’aho arinzwe n’itegeko. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] jzg5q1m7o009gkeu8qnvo9dlbj40cg4 Urwego rw'amashyamba 0 19087 137487 109810 2026-09-15T15:48:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137487 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gutera Amashyamba.jpg|thumb|gutera amashyamba]] == ishyamba == [[Dosiye:Ishyamba rya Green Gicumbi.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]] Urusobe rw’amashyamba agize ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije rutanga ibintu na za serivisi birimo ibikurikira: inkwi zo gucana n’ibiti byo kubaka, kurinda ahantu haturuka amazi, kunoza amazi, ubukerarugendo, ibikomoka ku mashyamba byoroshye nk’ibimera bivamo imiti, ubuki n’ibikoresho byo mu rwego rw’imyuga. Ibiti bikomeje kuba inkomoko y’ibanze y’ingufu zikenerwa mu ngo ku Banyarwanda barenze 90 ku ijana.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Ubutaka == Amashyamba ashyigikiye ubuhinzi mu gutanga za serivisi zijyanye n’ukuntu ibimera n’inyamaswa bifatikanya mu rwego rw’ibidukikije mu buryo buziguye. - Iyangirika ry’uburumbuke bw’ubutaka ni ku ruhande rumwe ingaruka yo kubura inkwi zo gucana mu byaro, ibyo bigatuma abahinzi bakoresha ibisigazwa by’imyaka nk’ibicanwa aho kubikoresha nk’ifumbire ikomoka ku binyabuzima. Ubushakashatsi bwemeje bukomeje ko icyo gikorwa gitwara 1,7 ha y’ifumbire ikomoka ku binyabuzima kuri hegitari kandi ku mwaka. Gutakaza uburumbuke bikomoka ku bikorwa nk’ibyo mu rwego rw’igihugu bihwanye na toni 40.000 z’ifumbire na toni 33.000 z’ishwagara. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 80i1141lvrf7y340z9bm9qr4y9i87oq Ahantu n'amazi 0 19092 137572 109815 2026-09-15T16:08:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137572 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Valdai IverskyMon asv2018 img47.jpg|thumb|ahantu na amazi]] == Amazi == [[Dosiye:Amazi y'isoko rya kibira.jpg|thumb|Amazi]] Amazi afite akamaro gahambaye bitari gusa ku buzima bw’abantu, ahubwo na none ku nyamaswa, ubuhinzi, iterambere mu byerekeranye n’inganda, amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu z’amazi, ubwikorezi, iterambere ry’imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’iry’ubukungu n’ivanwaho ry’ubukene.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Umutungo == Umutungo kamere w’amazi wisubirisha, hakurikijwe AQUASAT 2005, mu mwaka w’i 2000 wageraga kuri 6,3 km3/umwaka, ugereranije na 5 km3/umwaka mu 1993, ubwiyongere nyabwo bw’umutungo. Umutungo w’amazi wisubirisha kuri buri muntu na wo wiyongereye kuva kuri 638,2 m3 kuri buri muntu ku mwaka mu 1993 kugera kuri 815 m3 ku muntu ku mwaka mu 2000. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] hj8ksi2xs3ii33t37x28a1tio76hxvd Agaciro k'ahantu 0 19094 137308 133882 2026-09-15T14:23:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ahantu abantu babarizwa.jpg|thumb|Ahantu]] == Ahantu == [[Dosiye:Ni ahantu Inka zororokera.jpg|thumb|Ahantu ]] Ahantu hahehereye hazwiho kuba urusobe rw’ibintu bihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije bitanga umusaruro kurusha ibindi ku isi. Bimwe mu byo dukesha ahantu hahehereye, ari byo abantu bungukiramo ni ukwisubiranya, kw’ibitunga ubutaka, gukumira ibyondo n’iyandura, kugabanya imyuzure no gusubiza amazi mu butaka.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Inyamaswa == Hejuru y’izo nyungu z’uburyo buziguye, ahantu hahehereye ni ho hakomoka inyamaswa, amafi, ibiti n’ibiti by’ishyamba bifite umubyimba woroheje (non-timber products) byinshi abaturage bakoresha cyane. Icy’ikubitiro nanone, ubutaka bw’ahantu hahehereye bushobora kugira agaciro kanini mu byerekeranye n’ubuhinzi bukoreshejwe neza. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] bkpjzere3wzwn7bp52p32lcu8uh58fe Iterambere ry'ibidukikije 0 19095 137554 109817 2026-09-15T16:05:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137554 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hopetoun falls.jpg|thumb|ibidukikije]] == Ibidukikije == [[Dosiye:Bamboo Forest, Arashiyama, Kyoto, Japan.jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije]] Ibyo dukesha ahantu hahehereye by’ibanze mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ni umusaruro wo mu buhinzi, ibikenerwa byerekeranye n’amazi, indiri y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ububiko bwa nyiramugengeri, gucubya imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’iy’ikirere, imyidagaduro, ubukerarugendo n’agaciro mu birebana n’umuco. - Ugereranije, hegitari 92.000 ku 165.000 muri rusange zikoreshwa mu buhinzi. Ni ahanini kubera y’uko 90 ku ijana by’abaturage b’igihugu bacyitabira ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi. - Ububiko no gusukura amazi .<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == iterambere == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] ta3hr6n478iirind3dryr3ux3vegr2i Ibibangamira ahantu hahehereye 0 19097 137438 109819 2026-09-15T15:04:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137438 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibisga k.jpg|thumb|ibibangamiye]] == Ahantu == [[Dosiye:Ikibunda.jpg|thumb|Ahantu hahehereye]] Zimwe muri izi mbogamizi, mu birebana n’amazi, zagize ingaruka ku bwinshi n’ubwiza by’amazi aboneka. Imihindagurikire y’ikirere na yo ni impamvu y’iyangirika ry’ibishanga. Kubera igabanuka ry’imvura, imiterere y’amazi y’ahantu hahehereye irabangamiwe.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Amazi == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] gv3yz55q1txpirt1c31b7p6tmlopqrs Kurwanya iyandura ry'amazi 0 19100 137460 111100 2026-09-15T15:16:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137460 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kudaha amazi.jpg|thumb]] == Amazi == [[Dosiye:Amazi abantu batuye Rulindo bankwaga.jpg|thumb|Amazi]] Kugirango haboneke igisubizo cy’ikibazo cy’iyandura ry’[[amazi]], ni ngombwa gushyiraho amategeko n’amabwiriza ajyanye no kugenzura imyanda by’ingandas. Ingufu zirakenewe kugira ngo hashyirwe mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kubona umusaruro mwiza kurushaho mu nganda zose kandi ibi byarushaho kuba byiza biramutse biherekejwe n’ihame rya ‘uwangiza arishyura’ ryatuma inganda zose zangiza zikorera umusaraba w’ibikorwa byazo kandizikagira uruhare rwubaka kurushaho ku birebana n’igabanuka ry’iyanduzwa ry’umutungo w’amazi n’uw’ibidukikije muri rusange.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Kwandura == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amazi]] b8mi0b8e1w905skcf6hppdf3a44dncj Ibitanga ingufu 0 19101 137573 109938 2026-09-15T16:08:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137573 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ingufu == [[Dosiye:Umuriro.jpg|thumb|Ingufu|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Substation in Wake County, North Carolina.jpg|thumb]] U [[Rwanda]] rufite uburyo bwinshi cyane bwo kugera ku iterambere mu birebana n’ingufu, uhereye ku hashobora kuvanwa amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu z’amazi, umwuka witwa gaze methane, ingufu zitangwa n’imirasire y’izuba na nyiramugengeri iboneka mu bishanga. Umutungo utarabyazwa umusaruro ku birebana n’amashanyarazi ushobora kuba ungana na megawati 1.200 .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref> == Amazi == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amazi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] fb1xshu8krgnb54nq7nu1r8sxxefh9j Umutungo w'ingufu mu Rwanda 0 19102 137634 109560 2026-09-15T16:47:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137634 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ingufu == [[Dosiye:Imodoka zikoreaha amashanyarazi.jpg|thumb|Ingufu]] Vision 2020 y’u [[Rwanda]] irashimangira ikenerwa ry’imizamukire mu bukungu, ishoramari ryo mu rwego rw’abigenga n’itunganywa ry’ubukungu rishyigikiwe n’itangwa ry’ingufu ryizewe kandi ridahenze nk’ikintu cy’ibanze mu bikorwa byo gushaka kugera ku iterambere. Kugira ngo iyo mitunganyirize igerweho, igihugu kizagomba kongera umusaruro werekeranye n’ingufu no kunyuranya ibitanga ingufu na byo binyuranye.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref> == Umusaruro == Inyinshi muri izi nkomoko z’ingufu ntizabyajwe umusaruro ku buryo buhagije. Muri ubwo buryo, inkwi ziracyari iza mbere mu guha ingufu abaturage 94 ku ijana, ibikomoka kuri peteroli bivanwa mu mahanga bitwara amafaranga arenze 40 ku ijana mu kuyavunja. Ingufu ni ikintu kigize umasingi w’ubukungu. Birumvikana rero ko ingufu zitangwa ubungubu, zidahagije kandi zihenze, ari zo mbogamizi iterambere rirambye rifite. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Amazi]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 5a9v47sox246f1fa006oskn8z2293kf Ibitanga Ingufu mu Rwanda 0 19104 137673 110506 2026-09-15T16:52:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137673 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umwotsi.jpg|thumb|ibitanga umuriro]] == Ingufu == [[Dosiye:Itara ry’akiyarwanda.jpg|thumb|Umuriro]] Urwego rw’ingufu mu [[Rwanda]] rugizwe n’ingingo eshatu: amashanyarazi, ibikomoka kuri peteroli n’ibitanga ingufu bishyashya n’ibyisubiranya - Mu bitanga ingufu byisubiranya dufite ibikomoka ku binyabuzima (biomass), imirasire y’izuba, nyiramugengeri, umuyaga, ingufu ziva mu butaka (géothermie) n’amashanyarazi aturuka ku mazi - Ibipimo byerekeranye n’ingufu by’igihugu biriho ubu bya 86, 11 na 3 ku ijana by’ingufu zose zikoreshwa bikoreshwa mu rwego rw’ibikomoka ku binyabuzima, ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'amashanyarazi, buri kimwe .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Rwanda == Ibikomoka ku binyabuzima bimaze kuba bikeya mu gihe igihugu kirimo gihura no gutakaza ibikomoka ku binyabuzima bigera kuri miliyoni metero kibe 4 ku mwaka. - N’ubwo imikoreshereze y’inkwi zo gucana yagombye kwiyongera mu gihe giciriritse, ingamba z’igihe kirekire za EDPRS zigamije kugabanya imikoreshereze y’inkwi zo gucana kuva kuri 94 kugera kuri 50 ku ijana mu mpera za 2020. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umuriro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 0og1z4ui8u3lg6ooc6k3mvizebpw3ab Imishinga y'umuriro mu Rwanda 0 19106 137488 110508 2026-09-15T15:49:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuriro.jpg|thumb|umuriro]] == Imishinga == [[Dosiye:Amashanya.jpg|thumb|253x253px|Umuriro]] Imishinga yerekeranye n’[[Amashanyarazi kuri Rukarara|amashanyarazi]] yambukiranya imipaka ari ngombwa biragaragara mu [[Rwanda]] kubera y’uko igihugu kidafite ubushobozi bwo kubona amashanyarazi ashobora gushyigikira iterambere ryifuzwa mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage no mu bukungu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Igenamigambi == Igenamigambi ry’imikorere riherutse ku birebana n’ingufu rifite intego yo kongera ubushobozi bw’ingufu hagabanywa ibitakara mu buryo bwa tekiniki kuva kuri 23 kugera kuri 15 ku ijana, n’ibitakara mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi kuva kuri 12 kugera kuri 5 ku ijana mu gihe cy’imikorere ya EDPRS. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuriro]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] tpdxbj2qaodmo03515qvkit4uoh1kir Ibidukikije n'iterambere 0 19109 137779 110387 2026-09-15T17:10:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137779 wikitext text/x-wiki == Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Kigali city rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije n'iterambere]] Urwego rw’[[Ingufu mu Rwanda|ingufu]] rufite uruhare rukomeye mu koroshya imizamukire mu zindi nzego nk’ubuhinzi, za TIC / ICT, ikoranabuhanga, uburezi n’ubuzima, no mu gutanga za serivisizo mu urwego rw’igihugu. - Bityo Guverinoma igamije guha icyizere itangwa ry’ingufu yongera umusaruro iherreye ku masoko menshi (amashanyarazi akomoka ku mazi, gaze méthane, ingufu zitangwa n’izuba, ingufu zikomoka ku binyabuzima n’izikomoka kuri peteroli).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> [[Dosiye:Tree_planting_kaduna_state.jpg|thumb|gutera ibiti kurengera ibidukikije ]] [[Dosiye:Environment_Economy_Society.jpg|thumb|ishusho y'ibidukikije n'iterambere ]] == Iterambere == [[Dosiye:Environment_Poster.jpg|thumb|urusobe rw'Ibidukikije ]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umuriro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] q687alyv0irgu2o1h12xesesg57b9r9 Imihindagurikire y’ikirere cy'u Rwanda 0 19111 137654 116834 2026-09-15T16:49:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137654 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ikirere == [[Dosiye:Air pollution near homes.jpg|thumb|166x166px|Ikirere]] Imiterere y’ikirere ni impuzandengo y`ibintu biboneka mu bipimo by’ikirere by’akarere k’ahantu bwite mu gihe ubusanzwe kitarenze imyaka 30. Kubera ubutumburuke bwarwo buri hejuru, u [[Rwanda]] rufite imiterere y’ibihe n’iy’ikirere igizwe n’ubushyuhe buciriritsse. Ubushyuhe mpuzandengo mu mwaka buri hagati y’igipimo cya degré Celcius 16 na 20, hakaba nta mihindagurikire ihambaye - Imiyaga na yo ni mu kigero cy’a hafi milimetero ‘’millemètre’’ 1 kugeza kuri 3 mu isegonda - Kuba ubukungu bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi bw’igihe cy’imvura, imiterere y’ibihe n’iy’ikirere ifite akamaro kihariye .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Effect of vegetation in climate change 08.jpg|thumb|118x118px|ibimera bigira uruhare mukurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirerere]] Imiterere y’imvura igizwe n’ibihe, ighe cy’imvura kuva muri Nzeli kugeza mur gushyingo n’igihe kirekire kurushaho hagati ya Werurwe na Gicurasi. Hari ibihe bibiri hagati y’ibihe by’izuba, ighe kiguffi hagati y’Ukuboza n’Ugushyinngi n’igihe kirekire kuva mu kwezi kwa gatandatu kugeza mu kwezi kwa Kanama . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] kqxdq67ubwqf02647w3ed1a5l7dxwt8 Imvura mu Rwanda 0 19112 137439 109570 2026-09-15T15:04:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137439 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibipimo == [[Dosiye:Falling rain in mexico.jpg|thumb|Imvura y'i Rwanda]] Ibipimo by’[[imvura]] biri hafi hagati ya milimetero‘’millemètre’’ 900 mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo ashyira Uburasirazuba na milimetero‘’millemètre’’ 1500 mu turere tw’imisozi miremire n’utw’ibirunga two mu majyaruguru ashyira Uburengerazuba.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Imvura == Imiterere y’imvura igizwe n’ibihe, ighe cy’imvura kuva muri Nzeli kugeza mur gushyingo n’igihe kirekire kurushaho hagati ya Werurwe na Gicurasi. Hari ibihe bibiri hagati y’ibihe by’izuba, ighe kiguffi hagati y’Ukuboza n’Ugushyinngi n’igihe kirekire kuva mu kwezi kwa gatandatu kugeza mu kwezi kwa Kanama. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 71oibnu2u9c9b3p8eyq05yd8rqsn4yg Umutingito mu Rwanda 0 19119 137341 109583 2026-09-15T14:27:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137341 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umutingito == [[Dosiye:Ubutaka - umurima.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka]] U [[Rwanda]] ruherereye mu karere kaberamo imitingito y’isi ifite inkomoko yayo mu kiyaga cya Kivu. Agace k’amajyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw’igihugu kagizwe n’uruhererekane rw’ibirunga gakunze kuberamo imitingito. – Ibi bituma u Rwanda rukunze kuberamo imitingito y’isi, by’umwihariko Akarere k’uburengerazuba. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Vue du volcan nyiragongo de ville de Goma.png|thumb|Umutingito]] Mu minsi ya vuba aha koko, imitingito 2 iifite ubukana bwa 6,1 na 5,0 mu mibare ya Richter kimwe n’intandaro zayo yabaye ku itariki ya 3 n’iya 14 Gashyantare 2008, umwe ku wundi. Inkomoko y’iyo mitingito y’isi yari iherereye hafi y’umujyi wa Bukavu mu nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu, muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 92010l2d37yjsvcucidu3y0056vk3g4 Kuruka kw'ibirunga 0 19120 137420 110426 2026-09-15T14:54:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fimmvorduhals 2010 03 27 dawn.jpg|thumb|ibirunga]] == Ikirunga == [[Dosiye:Ibirunga.jpg|thumb|Ikirunga]] Uruhererekane rw’[[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|ibirunga]] mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba, harimo na Nyiragongo iri muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, gihora k’itezwe guteza ibibazo kubera y’uko gikunze kuruka. Uko kuruka kw’ibirunga kubangamiye abatuye mu turere twa Goma na Gisenyi, aha mbere ari ho muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ahandi ari mu Rwanda. – Iruka rya vuba ryabaye muri Kanama 2005 ryateje iyangirika ry’ibikorwa remezo mu mujyi wa Goma muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ku mupaka w’umujyi wa Gisenyi mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Rubavu == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] feaj33977awcmqmuvm57j4h7t60wvvb Igishanga gikomye 0 19130 137489 109713 2026-09-15T15:49:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137489 wikitext text/x-wiki == Igishanga == [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda,.jpg|thumb|Igishanga]] '''igishanga gikomye''' ni igishanga gifite umwimerere karemano kidashobora gukorerwamo indi mirimo uretse ijyanye n’ubushakashatsi cyangwa ubumenyi .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abadepite-bemeje-ishingiro-ry-umushinga-w-itegeko-rigenga-ubutaka-mu-rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Igishanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 36m6kuvxjplpywc5yc8s2nwbieyc707 Igishanga kidakomye cyatijwe 0 19139 137398 115817 2026-09-15T14:42:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137398 wikitext text/x-wiki == Igishanga == [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda,.jpg|thumb|igishanga|306x306px]] '''Kutemererwa guhererekanya cyangwa kugwatiriza ubutaka bw’igishanga kidakomye bwatijwe Ubutaka bw’igishanga''' kidakomye bwatijwe umuntu bukomeza kuba umutungo bwite wa Leta. Uwatijwe ntiyemerewe kubugwatiriza cyangwa kubuhererekanya. Icyakora yemerewe kugwatiriza cyangwa guhererekanya ibikorwa bye yashyize kuri ubwo butaka.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/imiryango-12-ituriye-ibishanga?lang=rw</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abadepite-bemeje-ishingiro-ry-umushinga-w-itegeko-rigenga-ubutaka-mu-rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Igishanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 7wg8cuw9cg2fg43vhe95l390ksiiua7 Uruganda rukora ifumbire mu bugesera 0 19164 137378 117253 2026-09-15T14:39:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137378 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mulindi12.jpg|thumb]] Uruganda rukora ifumbire mu bugesera ni uruganda rusazwe ruzobereye mu ifumbire aho ruzaba ruri mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'ibirasirazuba]] ndetse uru ruganda rukora ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa mu buhinzi, bikaba biteganyijwe ko ruzajya rukora Toni ibihumbi 100 ku mwaka.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/u-rwanda-rwungutse-uruganda-ruzajya-rukora-toni-ibihumbi-100-by-ifumbire-ku-mwaka</ref> == Uruganda == Uruganda rukora ifumbire mu bugesera ni uruganda rwubatswe mu cyanya cyahariwe inganda cya Bugesera. Rukaba rwitezweho kuzakora ingano y’ifumbire iruta kure iyo u Rwanda rwakoreshaga muri iki gihe ku mwaka.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 7tbm2d1uzx013e36ez4auhl40ftliap Uruganda rukora inkweto mu bugesera 0 19166 137536 117264 2026-09-15T15:55:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137536 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Reebok Royal Glide Ripple Clip shoe.jpg|thumb]] '''Uruganda rukora inkweto mu bugesera''' ni uruganda uruganda rw’Abashinwa rwitwa [[Kigali Leather Ltd]] rwa mbere mu Rwanda rukora inkweto mu impu . Ni uruganda rukorera mu murenge wa Ntarama mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] rukora inkweto mu impu rwatangiye muri Nyakanga 2017, aho batangira kuzishyira ku isoko.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/bugesera-ibura-ry-impu-riradindiza-uruganda-rukora-inkweto</ref> == Inkweto == Uruganda rukora inkweto mu bugesera rakaba rutunganya toni 7.5 ku munsi nyamara rukenera toni zirenga icumi ku munsi. Uru uuganda rwatangiye rutunganya impu rukazohereza mu Bushinwa. Nyuma Leta y’u Rwanda irusaba ko rwashinga uruganda rukora ibikomoka ku mpu mu Rwanda, akaba ari nayo mpamvu rwatangiye, rukazakora inkweto, imikandara, amasakoshi n’ibindi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] qz12qy3dcpaheyn2jgco8nf5f31xfnv Umuryango DUHAMIC-ADRI 0 19171 137730 117271 2026-09-15T17:02:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''DUHAMIC-ADRI''' ni umuryango nyarwanda utegamiye kuri Leta udaharanira inyungu kandi wita ku majyambere y’icyaro. Uteza imbere abatuye mu cyaro uhereye ku bikorwa bazi gukora ubwabo mu nzego zitandukanye ubuhinzi, ubworozi, ubukorikori, kubungabunga ibidukikije, imirire myiza ukorera mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka bugesera]].<ref>http://197.243.22.137/kayonza/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=34&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=0f2e405ab468f1f409d3a264eaa7fb15</ref> == Umuryango == DUHAMIC-ADRI yashinzwe mu 1979. Ubu ukorera mu turere nka Bugesera, Rulindo, Gakenke, Gicumbi, Rwamagana, Kayonza, Gatsibo, Huye na Nyamagabe. uzamara imyaka 3, ukazibanda ku bikorwa byo kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi (ibigori, urutoki, amashu, karoti, inyanya n’ibitunguru) n’ubworozi (inkoko, inkwavu n’ingurube). == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] pk1tmx9w7nz3pxc2mpuk4a3j4oo1ppr Umuryango Fondazione Marcegaglia Onlus 0 19174 137655 133490 2026-09-15T16:49:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umuryango Fondazione Marcegaglia Onlus''' ni umuryango mpuzamahanga ukorera ibikorwa byawo mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]], [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]] ugamije ahanini gukura abantu mu bukene no kubafasha kugira ubuzima bwiza.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2023/07/04/bugesera-umuryango-nterankunga-fondazione-marcegaglia-onlus-wiyemeje-gutuza-heza-abatishoboye-no-kwigisha-urubyiruko-imyuga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-18 |archive-date=2024-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818094347/https://igisabo.rw/2023/07/04/bugesera-umuryango-nterankunga-fondazione-marcegaglia-onlus-wiyemeje-gutuza-heza-abatishoboye-no-kwigisha-urubyiruko-imyuga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibyo bakora == Umuryango wacu Fondazione Marcegaglia Onlus kandi nanone ufasha urubyiruko rubishaka kwiga imyuga itandukanye nk’ubwubatsi, Ububaji, Gusudira, Gutunganya imisatsi, kwagura amasomo hakongerwamo ibyo gukora amazi, amashanyarazi ndetse n’iby’amahoteli n’ubukerarugendo kugira ngo nabyo babimenye .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] cwihz5f04atytopaw7vjidrni5uwvhe Koperative HORANINKA BUGESERA 0 19176 137440 117660 2026-09-15T15:04:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137440 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Koperative HORANINKA BUGESERA''' ni koperative cyangwa se ishyirahamwe ryabishyize hamwe cyangwa se abagize Koperative y’Aborozi bahoze baragira ku gasozi bakaza guhabwa uruguri mu ishyamba rya Gako na Prezida wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika]] kuva muri 2016 riri mu karere ka bugesera.<ref name=":0">https://igisabo.rw/2021/09/28/bugesera-abibumbiye-muri-koperative-horaninka-bugesera-barasaba-komite-yatowe-kubagaruriza-umutungo-wa-miliyoni-130-warigishijwe-nabo-basimbuye/</ref> == Ibindi == Koperative Horaninka [[Bugesera ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka|Bugesera]] ni Koperative imaze imyaka irenga 5 ishinzwe n’aborozi baragiraga ku gasozi no mu ishyamba rya Gisirikari ry’i Gako bakaza guhabwa urwuri mu murenge wa Kamabuye [[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Akarere]] ka [[Bugesera ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka|Bugesera]] ku gice gito cy’ishyamba rya Gisirikare rya Gako.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] afgu987rkivpc9z89c8sb85entbtc55 RFTC muhanga 0 19190 137597 117329 2026-09-15T16:43:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''RFTC Muhanga''' ni impuzamakoperative Rwanda Federation of Transport Companies , ni impuzamakoperative yatangiye muri 2017 yashoye imari muri sosiyete y’ubucuruzi ya Jali Investment Ltd, ibumbiye hamwe sosiyete eshatu ziyishamikiyeho arizo Jali Transport Ltd ikora ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]], Jali Real Estate Ltd ikora ubwubatsi no gucunga ibigo abagenzi bategeramo imodoka, hamwe na Jali S.C Plc, ikigo cy’imari cyo kubitsa no kuguriza abanyamuryango n’Abaturarwanda muri rusange, rero RFTC ikaba ifite ishami muri Muhanga bakorera muri gare ya muhanga.<ref>https://infosgrandslacs.info/productions/muhanga-akarere-gategeka-amakoperative-gukodesha-inzu-zubucuruzi-kubatse-ngo-kadahomba</ref> == Muhanga == Mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]], hari itsinda rikora ubucuruzi muburyo butandukanye cyangwa se abantu ku giti cyabo bagiye batandukanye, bagiye bahabwe ibyangombwa bitandukanye bibemerera gukora bakajya gukorera mu nyubako z’ubucuruzi z’[[akarere ka Muhanga]] ibarizwa muri gare ya Muhanga . Iyi  nyubako yubatse ku bufatante bw’akarere hamwe n’ikigo gikora umurimo wo gutwara abagenzi mu modoka ku izna rya RFTC( Rwanda Federation of Transport Companies). Akarere katanze ikibanza RFTC yubakaho amazu.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rftc-yahize-amakoperative-yose-mu-kungura-abanyamuryango-bayo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Muhanga]] rl0qu6wclxwsku0bg8geqzn7ca5tx0t Koperative ya COAM 0 19193 137598 118932 2026-09-15T16:43:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Koperative ya COAM''' ni koperative y'abadozi b'imyenda aho babarizwa mu makoperative agiye atandukanye bakorera umwunga w'ubudozi bw’imyenda mu nyubako iherereye muri Gare Ya Muhanga mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka muhanga]] mu [[intara y'amajyepfo]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. <ref name=":0">https://infosgrandslacs.info/productions/muhanga-akarere-gategeka-amakoperative-gukodesha-inzu-zubucuruzi-kubatse-ngo-kadahomba</ref><ref name=":1">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rftc-yahize-amakoperative-yose-mu-kungura-abanyamuryango-bayo</ref> == COAM == [[Dosiye:Dress Makers 2.jpg|thumb|168x168px|abadozi b imyenda]] COAM idoda imyenda ndetse n'impuzankano z’abakozi b’ibigo byigenga ndetse n'inyenda bitandukanye. Mu karere ka Muhanga, kugira ngo itsinda rikora ubucuruzi cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo bahabwe ibyangombwa bibemerera gukora bategekwa kujya gukorera mu nyubako y’ubucuruzi y’akarere ka Muhanga iherereye muri gare ya Muhanga, Iyi  nyubako yubatse ku bufatante bw’akarere  n’ikigo gikora umurimo wo gutwara abagenzi mu modoka  kizwi ku izina rya RFTC(Rwanda Federation of Transporter Companies). <ref name=":1" /> Aho bapiganira amasoko atandukanye agiye atandukanye harimo kudodera impuzankano ibigo by’amashuli imyambaro. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Muhanga]] o0hgedppp3kdo5sc3zbw1gx9nwsvoqy Uruganda rw'imirasire y’izuba i Rwamagana 0 19195 137490 117340 2026-09-15T15:49:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137490 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruganda rw'imirasire y’izuba i Rwamagana''' ni uruganda rubyara imirasire y’izuba mu kubwaza amashanyarazi rw’i Rwamagana mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|karere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/hamenyekanye-abazasimbura-scatec-mu-gukomeza-guteza-imbere-ingufu-zisubira-mu</ref> == Uruganda == Uruganda rw'imirasire y’izuba i Rwamagana ufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ingufu ziturutse ku izuba za megawatt 8,5 ni ikigo aho gishora imari mu bijyanye n’ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitangiza ikirere, aho bikorwa n'ikigo cya Fortis Green Renewables hamwe n’ikigo cya Axian Energy Green iyo mirimo mu Rwanda. Imibare y’Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ingufu aho zisubira, IRENA igaragaza ko mu myaka itanu ishize kugeza mu 2023 nta cyagabanyutse cyangwa ngo cyiyongere ku ngufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu Rwanda rufite, cyane ko kigaragaza ko yagumye kuri megawatt 25.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] 1souhpvw6wn80s9nggolqrjsts0bpwz Uruganda Umviriza ltd 0 19199 137712 117345 2026-09-15T16:58:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruganda rwa Umviriza ltd''' ni uruganda ruherereye mu Karere ka Rwamagana, mu intara y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] umurenge wa Karenge, aho rero rukaba rwenga inzoga, benshi kubera uburyo zengwamo ndetse no kuba ari ni uruganda rwujuje ubuziranenge aho rwahawe impapuro zirubyemerera .<ref name=":0">https://igisabo.rw/2020/08/10/rwamagana-karenge-uruganda-umviriza-ltd-rwiyemeje-kongerera-agaciro-urutoki/</ref> == Amoko bakora == Uruganda rwa Umviriza ltd rwenga amoko abiri y’inzoga ariyo: '''Agaciro''' ndetse n’Urukerereza. izi nzoga zose bazenga bakoresheje ibitoki, ubuyobozi bw’uru ruganda butangaza ko rwafashije abaruturiye kuko bamwe babonye akazi abandi babona isoko ry’umusaruro wabo ibitoki ibi bikaba byarafashije abatari bacye mu kwiteza imbere .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] 81rhe2yaqup2ivk03oj922glstytu8v Uruganda Isanganizabagabo ltd 0 19205 137441 117374 2026-09-15T15:04:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruganda Isanganizabagabo ltd''' ni uruganda rusanzwe runzwi aho ubuyobozi n’abakozi b’uruganda Isanganizabagabo LTD Rwenga inzoga y’umwimerere w’iwacu mu rutoki aho rukorera mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] Umurenge wa Karenge mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bw'igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] .<ref name=":0">https://igisabo.rw/2020/12/15/uruganda-isanganizabagabo-ltd-rwabageneye-ubutumwa-muri-bino-bihe-byiminsi-mikuru/</ref> == Ibinyobwa bakora == Uruganda Isanganizabagabo ltd ni uruganda aho rusanzwe abakiriya babo kujya bafata ibinyobwa igihe bari gufata amafunguro ndetse ukunda agasembuye kengwa n’uru ruganda agashaka uko yakajyana mu Rugo hubahirizwa amabwiriza yose yo guhangana n’icyorezo.uru ruganda rusanzwe rutunganya inzoga yitwa Tuzane,iyitwa Indatwa na Somawumve .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] 8o16qlkzjsooc2s2oqkdearpgv9trjm JADF muri Bugesera 0 19214 137555 117383 2026-09-15T16:05:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''JADF muri Bugesera''' ni umufatanyabikorwa wihariye mu iterambere ry'akarere ka Bugesera mbese, JADF mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] niwe utegura imurikabikorwa rikunze kumara hafi iminsi itatu aho riba ryateguwe n’abafatanyabikorwa b’Akarere ka Bugesera JADF, aho intego nyamukuru ikaba ari ukugaragaza uruhare rwa JADF mu Iterambere ry’Akarere ka Bugesera.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/bugesera-mu-gusoza-imurikabikorwa-rya-jadf-boroje-abatishoboye-19</ref> == Imurikagurisha == JADF muri Bugesera niyo itegura imurikagurisha ni imurikabikorwa ryitabiriwe n’abafatanyabikorwa bagera kuri 60 muri 75 Akarere ka Bugesera gafite bakora mu bice bitandukanye by’ubuzima, harimo abakora mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi, ubuzima, uburezi, ubugeni, ubuhinzi, ubworozi n’ibindi byinshi .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] 1d0wjwg1fh1sz2kod4mrybgs7d1sucv Isoko rya Nyamata 0 19219 137556 117453 2026-09-15T16:05:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137556 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Village market in nyamata.jpg|thumb|177x177px|'''Village market in nyamata''']] '''Isoko rya Nyamata''' ni Isoko isoko rikuru rya mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], aho batangiye gukorana n’ubuyobozi bushya bw'akarere buhagarariye aho abashoramari barihawe kugira ngo bazaryubake mu buryo bya kijyambere, nk’uko amasoko amwe agezweho mu Rwanda.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/isoko-rya-nyamata-ryeguriwe-abashoramari-bigenga-bamwe-mu-barisanzwemo-babifata-nko-kubirukana</ref> == Ishoramari == Isoko rya Nyamata guhabwa ikibaza ngo uhacururize bisaba gusaba ikibaza uzakoreramo , aha twasinyanye amasezerano y’amezi atatu y’igerageza ngo tubanze turebe uko bigenda, nyuma yaho tuzareba igishobora gukorwa bitewe n’uko tuzaba tubona bimeze. Abavuga ko tubaha ibibanza bito, umuntu afata ahangana n’ubushobozi afite ndetse n’ingano y’ibyo acuruza, ushaka metero imwe ni yo afata ariko hari n’abafata esheshatu .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] 7s5l9jjcjts0c3yhog1vyo9qlmta5vk Isoko rya Murama 0 19222 137442 134422 2026-09-15T15:04:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isoko rya Murama''' isoko rya Murama ni isoko ricuruza imbuto aho ry'ubakiwe abaturage abacuruza imboga n'imbuto harimo abari n'abategarugori ndetse n'abagabo aho ribarizwa mu murenge wa Murama mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka bugesera]] mu intara y'iburasirazuba bwu [[Rwanda]] . Isoko rya Murama rikaba ry'ishimimwe n'Abacuruza imboga n’imbuto barishimira ko bubakiwe isoko rya Murama. == Murama == Abaturage b'umurenge wa ngeruka biganjemo [[Umugore|abagore]] bacururizaga imboga n'imbuto hasi mu isanteri ya murama bamurikiwe kumugaragaro isoko rito ritwikiriye rifite agaciro kangana na miliyoni zisaga mirongwitatu neshanu z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (35M Frw) Iri soko ryatashywe kumugaragaro kuri uyu wa gatanu taliki 19 Nyakanga 2024, ryubastwe kubufatanye bw'Akarere ka Bugesera n'umufatanyabikorwa Caritas Rwanda rikaba rifite imyanya 40 y'aho bacururiza, rikaba rifite ububiko ndetse n'ubwiherero.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/abatuye-umurenge-wa-ngeruka-bishimiye-isoko-ryimboga-nimbuto-bubakiwe-nakarere |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-02 |archive-date=2024-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902194843/https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/abatuye-umurenge-wa-ngeruka-bishimiye-isoko-ryimboga-nimbuto-bubakiwe-nakarere |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ni isoko ryubatswe nyuma yaho abatuye muri ibi gice bagararije ubuyobobozi bw’Akarere ko aho bakoreraga hatari hameze neza kuko mu gihe cy’imvura cyangwa izuba ibicuruzwa byabo byangirikaga cyane bityo bikabateza ibihombo.<ref name=":0" /> Isoko rya Murama ni isoko riherereye mu isantare ya Murama, mu murenge wa Ngeruka , ni isoko rito rya Murama bakaba barabonye aho bacururiza imboga n’imbuto heza kandi hajyanye n’igihe, aha twavuga [[imboga]] , [[imbwija]], [[imbogeri]], [[Ikaroti|kaloti,]] [[Ikirayi|ibirayi]], [[Igishyimbo|ibishyimbo]], [[ibijumba]], inyanya, ibitunguru , [[ubunyobwa]] , imineke, [[avoka]] nibindi byinshi aho bakorera mu isoko rito yitwa Murama sellling point.<ref>https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-abacuruza-imboga-nimbuto-barishimira-ko-bubakiwe-isoko-rya-murama/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] b1gdhj4etehi9pcbzqltef4565frqdt Isoko Nyagasambu 0 19224 137713 117404 2026-09-15T16:59:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isoko rya Nyagasambu''' ni isoko ryakoraga kuva kera ku mwaduko wa bazungu ku bwubukoroni , aho riherereye mu Murenge wa Fumbwe, mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]] .<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-abacururiza-mu-isoko-rya-nyagasambu-barataka-igihombo/</ref> == Isoko == Isoko rya Nyagasambu ni isoko ritubakiye aho abarikoresha akenshi bakunze kuba barataka igihombo baterwa no kuba igice bacururizamo kitubakiye kandi batanga imisoro nk’abandi bacuruzi bagasaba ko bakubakirwa. Ni isoko usangamo ibintu cyangwa ibiribwa ngandura rugo byinshi aha twavuga ibijumba, imyumbati, ibishyimbo, ibitoki, inkoko, inka, ihene, ingurube .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] f365aoc4fj0ofp7u66kktv81oqa98rp Umuganura mu Karere ka Rwamagana 0 19229 137574 117409 2026-09-15T16:08:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umuganura mu Karere ka Rwamagana''' ni ibihe abanyarwanda bahura maze bagasangira ibyo bejeje ibyo byose bigakorwa ku umunsi w’Umuganura mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] wizihirijwe hirya no hino mu mirenge 14, aho ku rwego rw’Akarere wizihirijwe mu Murenge wa Musha; ni umunsi waranzwe no kwishimira umusaruro wabonetse no gusangira.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-ibyaranze-umunsi-wumuganuraamafoto/</ref> == Umuganura == Umuganura mu Karere ka Rwamagana ni Umuganura, isoko y’ubumwe n’ishingiro ryo kwigira: Tuganure dushyigikira gahunda yo kugaburira abana ku ishuri, niho n'abandi bayobozi basangiye n’abaturage n’abana, kuri uyu munsi wari ufite iyo nsanganyamatsiko . Rero umuganura tuwukomora mu mateka yacu nk’Abanyarwanda. Umuganura ntugarukira mu gusangira, ni n’umwanya wo kuzirikana umutima w’Abanyarwanda n’uburyo twishakamo ibisubizo.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] 9du8lgnabs7740unytwvjbnaywa3ggl Girinka i Rwamagana 0 19234 137537 117421 2026-09-15T15:55:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137537 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Girinka i Rwamagana''' ni gahunda ya [[Girinka Munyarwanda|Girinka munyarwanda]] y’umukuru w’Igihugu [[Paul Kagame|Kagame Paul]] yo koroza Abanyarwanda aho abandi banyarwanda nabo boroza abandi, we yamugezeho kugeza ubu akaba afite inka 13 kandi na we yaroroje abandi.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-ubuhamya-bwuwari-umwana-wo-mu-muhanda-ubu-akaba-ayobora-umudugudu/</ref> == Girinka == Girinka i Rwamagana nigahunda ndetse nimwe ifite icyemezo cyo kubahiriza ibyo basabwa n’ubuyobozi, umudugudu wa Kinteko ufite ibiro by’umudugudu biyubakiye ndetse ibyo bari kubisimbuza ibindi bishya bifite icyumba cya Mutimawurugo, aho bakoreraga mbere naho bari bariyubakiye ku nkunga z’abaturage bakahasana hagakorerwamo ubuvuzi, n’ubu ihakorera ariko ikaba itisanzuye kuko hakivanzemo n’ibiro by’umukuru w’umudugudu.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] mj9h4bh7p5nxsgejmormhp6qmr1ajoa Amabuye y’agaciro muri Rwamagana 0 19241 137656 130171 2026-09-15T16:50:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137656 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amabuye y’agaciro muri Rwamagana''' ni ahantu abantu bari bo mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y’Iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], aho ussanga rimwe narimwe bafatae na Polisi y’u [[Rwanda]] bari mu kirombe cya Musha mu bikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko birimo gucukura, kugura no kugurisha amabuye y’agaciro batabifitiye uruhushya . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-bane-bafatiwe-mu-bucukuzi-bwamabuye-yagaciro-bwa-magendu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-23 |archive-date=2024-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402023338/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-bane-bafatiwe-mu-bucukuzi-bwamabuye-yagaciro-bwa-magendu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amabuye y'agaciro == Amabuye y'agaciro muri Rwamagana rimwe narimwe hazamo ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bunyuranyije n’amategeko n’ibindi byaha bibushamikiyeho birimo kuyagura no kuyacuruza nta ruhushya, magendu n’ubugizi bwa nabi buterwa n’abishora muri ibyo bikorwa, mu Karere ka Rwamagana mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba , Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro butemewe bukorwa n’abantu binjira mu birombe akenshi bitwikiriye ijoro , Nta munsi tutibutsa abantu bakora ubu bucukuzi batabifitiye uruhushya ko bakwiye kubicikaho kuko uretse no kuba bihanwa n’amategeko bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] tf0acxp1ti91ns09jl7xwqe4088p1zx Sipori i Rwamagana 0 19251 137379 117457 2026-09-15T14:40:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siporo i Rwamagana''' ni siporo urebye iri rusange ikorwa inshuro ebyiri mu kwezi, ku rwego rw’[[akarere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], abayitabiriye bo mu mujyi wa Rwamagana baturutse mu mirenge ya Muhazi na Kigabiro aho abayitabira basabwe kurushaho gukora siporo  bimakaza isuku banayishikariza abandi .<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-barasabwa-gukora-siporo-bimakaza-umuco-wisuku/</ref> == Siporo == Siporo yi Rwamagana ni iyabose aho abaturage biyitabira iyi siporo ko nta muntu n’umwe uhejwe mu gukora siporo, yaba abato n’abakuru kuko siporo ari ingirakamaro mu buzima bwa muntu, Gukora siporo kandi ugakora iyo ushoboye bifasha ubuzima, ikindi ni uko Siporo ari ubuzima kandi ubuzima bwiza kandi buzima ntibusigana n’isuku, kubungabunga ubuzima bigomba kujyana n’imirire myiza, ndetse ko gukora siporo abantu bagira isuku, bizatuma Abanyarwanda barushaho kubaho neza biyubakira Igihugu bafite ubuzima buzima.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] g5qewm62kkctmyvbvvi734inib680zr ICT muri Muhanga 0 19252 137557 117461 2026-09-15T16:05:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137557 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ICK muri Muhanga''' ni ishuri rikuru Gatolika rya Kabgayi ryitwa ICK aho ryatangiye muri 2002, iri shuri rikaba rifite icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza A0 mu mashami arimo twavuga n'itangazamakuru n’inozabubanyi, uburezi, ubukungu, icungamutungo, iterambere ry’imijyi n’ibyaro ndetse n’ibidukikije.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ick-yatangaje-ko-mu-minsi-ya-vuba-itangiza-icyiciro-cya-3-cya-kaminuza/</ref> == ICK == ICK muri Muhanga ni ishuri Rikuru Gatulika rya Kabgayi-ICK bivuze Institut Catholique de Kabgayi iri rikaba riherereye mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Karere ka Muhanga]] mu [[intara y'amajyepfo]] bw'u [[Rwanda]], iri shuri rikaba ryiteguye kongera umubare w’ibyiciro by’impamyabumenyi za kaminuza ku banyeshuri bahiga ndetse n’abifuza kuhakomereza icyiciro cya Masters degree .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Muhanga]] 1nis7ngcxnqmh0130hrrwnmlfwatb4y Imihigo yo mu bworozi muri Bugesera 0 19280 137362 117518 2026-09-15T14:31:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imihigo yo mu bworozi muri Bugesera''' iyi bavuzi b’amatungo, ni imihigo bakora aho basinyanaamasezerano nk'a abigenga aho n’abakorera mu mirenge igize [[akarere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], aho bashyira imbaraga hamwe n' Ubuyobozi gushyira imbaraga mu gutanga serivisi nziza ku borozi bagahuza ibikorwa byabo n’imihigo y’aka Karere .<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-abavuzi-bamatungo-bijeje-akarere-ubufatanye-mu-kwesa-imihigo-yo-mu-bworozi/</ref> == Ubworozi == Akarere ka Bugesera kaza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu gushyira inka zigera kuri 712 mu bwishingizi, nyuma y’Akarere ka Muhanga kamaze kushyira mu bwishingizi inka 1,144, ubworozi bugamije kubateza imbere, aho bashishikarizwa gushira mu bwishingizi amatungo yabo, gutandukana burundu n’umuco wo kuzerereza amatungo ku gasozi;  ahubwo bakororera mu biraro cyangwa mu nzuri zizitiwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] 192aek2twwtjtgxkx5wryl029eawf3b Serivisi z’Irembo mu Bugerera 0 19281 137335 117519 2026-09-15T14:26:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Serivisi z’Irembo mu Bugerera''' aha ni mu karere ka Bugesera ko mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba aho kagize umwanya wa gatatu kagira 95.06% mugutanga servisi zinoze z'irembo mi ikoranabuhanga mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka bugesera]] , Umuhigo w’irembo washyizwe mu mihigo uturere tugomba guhiga hagamijwe kongera no gukomeza gushishikariza abaturage kwaka serivisi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga .<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-yabaye-iya-gatatu-mu-gukoresha-serivisi-zirembo/</ref> == Irembo == Servisei z'irembo butangajwe ubuyobozi bw'irembo, aho budushishikarije bunatwigisha uburyo dushobora gusaba serivisi ku giti cyacu. Urugero nko kwisabira ibyangombwa dukanze *909#, Akarere katanze serivisi z’irangamimerere 45,501. Katanze kandi service za notoriya 2,513 .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] gi7yuukcvmuljj61369n2pdeii4h9md Icyuzi cyuhira imyaka cya Gashara 0 19282 137363 130227 2026-09-15T14:31:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Icyuzi cyuhira imyaka cya Gashara''' NI icyuzi cyegeranye n'ikigo ku rwunge rw’amashuri rwa GS Rubona, ni mu Mudugudu wa Rudashya, Akagari ka Nawe, Umurenge wa Rubona mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]] . ubu ishami rya Polisi rishinzwe umutekano wo mu mazi niho rikorera kuko ritabara abagize ikibazo cyokurohama aho ubuze riri kumushakisha, Barasabwa kumvira amabwiriza y’ubuyobozi kuko Abayobozi bahora bakora ubukangurambaga bwo kwirinda impanuka zo mu mazi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-hitabajwe-polisi-mu-gushakisha-umunyeshuri-waburiwe-irengero-muri-baraje-ya-gashara/#google_vignette |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-28 |archive-date=2023-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223032809/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-hitabajwe-polisi-mu-gushakisha-umunyeshuri-waburiwe-irengero-muri-baraje-ya-gashara/#google_vignette |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] qzxeipr8oyyltyy0cxp7hc9aat1fggv Utubari muri BUgesera 0 19305 137714 117584 2026-09-15T16:59:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Utubari muri Bugesera''' turaahari ndetse ni twinshi kuko hakunze kumena nzoga z’inkorano, ibikoresho bikorerwamo izi nzoga byajyanwe kuri Station ya Polisi ya harimo nka Nyamata, aho iperereza rikomeje gukorwa ngo hafatwe uyu ukekwaho kwenga izi nzoga z’inkorano.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-litiro-2400-zinzoga-zinkorano-zari-ziri-mu-rwengero-zamenwe/</ref> == Utubari == Rero muri BUgesera by'umwihari mu mirenge wa Nyamata , ntara cyangwa se Rweru na Juru hari abacuruza ariko bakagira utubari cungira umutekano yaje kuyitiza rwihishwa  ukekwaho gukora izi nzoga ngo abe abitsemo ibikoresho. Uyu musore uri mu kigero cy’imyaka 30 utagaragajwe umwirondoro  yabwiye inzego z’imutekano ko izi nzoga z’inkorano zimaze iminsi mike zitangiye gukorerwa muri iyi nyubako.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] 86nmne17bwv1l7kvwk6xhn37rjk5415 Amashuri muri Bugesera 0 19306 137538 117585 2026-09-15T15:55:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137538 wikitext text/x-wiki A'''karere ka Bugesera''' ni kamwe mu turere twu Rwanda aho guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyize muri gahunda ibikorwa bitandukanye bijyanye n’uburezi, harimo ibikorwa byo kubaka amashuri, kugaburira abana ku mashuri, gushira abarimu benshi mu myanya hagamijwe guhindura imyigire n’imyigishirize igamije guteza imbere ireme ry’uburezi.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/uburezi/bugesera-minisitiri-uwamariya-yasuye-ibigo-byamashuri-mu-kugenzura-ireme-ryuburezi/</ref> == Amashuri == Mu bigo twavuga harimo : * ishuri rya Nelson Mandera TVET School ryo mu Murenge wa Ntarama, * Highland School riherereye mu Murenge wa Nyamata, * GS. Kamabuye mu Murenge wa Mayange, na * GS. Dihiro riherereye mu Murenge wa Gashora.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] lj9k531euyeuhussdwev8dt9yxz110p Rwanda Military Academy Gako 0 19310 137558 133459 2026-09-15T16:06:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137558 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rwanda Military Academy Gako''' ni ishuri rya Gisirikare mu Rwanda aho Guhugura no kwigisha abasirikari indangagaciro z'umwuga wa gisirikare n’indashyikirwa mu masomo kugira ngo bashobore gukora ibisabwa , Iri shuri riri mu murenge wa Mayange mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bw'igihugu [[Rwanda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/mu-kigo-cya-gako-officer-cadets-ba-rdf-batozwa-bate/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-29 |archive-date=2024-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108152454/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/mu-kigo-cya-gako-officer-cadets-ba-rdf-batozwa-bate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ishuri == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] fmcbqyqhgjw9zqj19i9pkkn9gdekg61 Umujyi wa Rwamagana 0 19317 137731 117596 2026-09-15T17:02:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137731 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umujyi wa Rwamagana''' ni umujyi kandi ufite inyubako inyubako ndende zidasanzwe ziwugize zitari iz’abikorera ku giti cyabo gusa , ahubwo ari iza Leta; harimo nk’inyubako ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda BNR, ishami ry’Iburasirazuba, iya RSSB ndetse n’inyubako irimo ibiro by[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|’Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] n’[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] ndetse n'abaturage bahatuye , ni umujyi ugaragaza umuvuduko w’iterambere nk’uwo wahoranye mu bihe byashize .<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/politiki/iterambere-ryumujyi-wa-rwamagana-rizahuzwa-rite-nubutaka-bwera-bukomeje-gutuzwaho-abantu/</ref> == Iterambere == Umujyi wa Rwamagana ni umwe mu mijyi ufite icherekezo bijyanye n’iterambere ry’umujyi wa mu Rwanda hari ibikivugwa nk’ibyiterambere, aha havugwamo isoko rya Rwamagana , amahoteli n’amaresitora, amaguriro rusange manini .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] mh2n8x9nnkjaopg8plchfei1mitkmi2 GS. Dihiro 0 19323 137461 117607 2026-09-15T15:16:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''GS. Dihiro''' ni (ishuri ryitwa goupe scolaire Dihiro) ni ishuri ry'isumbuye ribarizwa mu mashuri agenzurwa ya leta mu ifasi yu [[Rwanda]], riri mu Murenge wa Gashora, aho rigenzurwa na Mineduc binyuze muri Reb .<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/uburezi/bugesera-minisitiri-uwamariya-yasuye-ibigo-byamashuri-mu-kugenzura-ireme-ryuburezi/</ref> == Serivisi == GS. Dihiro ni ikigo cya leta gitanga amasomo agiye atandukanye byose bishingiye ku ireme ry'uburezi mu Rwanda, hakaba hari icyiciro rusange mu mashuri y'isumbuye, ndetse n'ibindi masomo y'ashuri y'isumbuye. iri shuri ribarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka BUgesera]].<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] 1yommdz8kj2ly780md5c3tkp0f10j7x Paruwase ya Rilima 0 19326 137421 133450 2026-09-15T14:54:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137421 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paruwase ya Rilima''' ni Paruwasi yo muri kiriziya Gatolika muri Diyoseze ya Kigali , Paruwasi ya Rilima ikaba yari imaze imyaka igera kuri mirongo 40 idafite umusaseridoti uhavuka ariko ubu bakaba bahari bagera kuri 2. Paruwase ya Rilima iri mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2023/07/20/bugeserabyasabye-ko-bategereza-imyaka-40-ngo-paruwase-ya-rilima-ibone-umupadiri-wa-mbere-muri-2013/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-31 |archive-date=2024-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831143909/https://igisabo.rw/2023/07/20/bugeserabyasabye-ko-bategereza-imyaka-40-ngo-paruwase-ya-rilima-ibone-umupadiri-wa-mbere-muri-2013/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abapadiri == * Padiri Ndatimana Francois Xavier niwe umwe mu bapadiri bavuka i Rilima yahawe ubupadiri kuya ''ya 20 Nyakanga 2023.'' * Padiri Dukuzumuremyi Jean Leonard ni padiri uvuak bavuka i Rilima muri 2013.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] 1i06vq2q34mour3546v3kv76vjs6hpj Imihanda y'icyaro muri Bugesera 0 19330 137422 133386 2026-09-15T14:54:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137422 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu '''[[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]]''' mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], hari imishinga yo gutunganya imihanda itandukanye y’icyaro imaze igatanga urubyiruko kwiteza imbere . == Imishinga == Hari imishinga wa Leta ugamije gufasha urubyiruko ruri munsi y'imyaka 30, kwihangira imirimo, aho ibigo bigera kuri 600 kompani by’urubyiruko byatanze uburyo byakoresha iyo nkunga maze ibigo 154 biba aribyo byemererwa mu gihugu hose, bakaba bari mu bikorwa byo gutunganya imihanda mu turere dutandukanye urugero muri ibyo bigo bivugwa akaba ari AGECOS ikorera mu murenge wa Rweru.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2023/05/17/bugesera-imishinga-igamije-gutunganya-imihanda-yicyaro-yaba-imaze-gufasha-urubyiruko-kwiteza-imbere/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-31 |archive-date=2024-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831162928/https://igisabo.rw/2023/05/17/bugesera-imishinga-igamije-gutunganya-imihanda-yicyaro-yaba-imaze-gufasha-urubyiruko-kwiteza-imbere/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] g00thsefeh090a8dey1s30iqdm6i2ts Ibirwa bya Mazane 0 19331 137559 133361 2026-09-15T16:06:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibirwa bya Mazane''' ni ibirwa biri mu mudugugu bemerewe na nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika yu Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]] mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]] .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2023/04/23/bugesera-abavanywe-mu-birwa-bya-mazane-na-sharita-havutsemo-abahanzi-bashimira-uwabahaye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-31 |archive-date=2024-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831164054/https://igisabo.rw/2023/04/23/bugesera-abavanywe-mu-birwa-bya-mazane-na-sharita-havutsemo-abahanzi-bashimira-uwabahaye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umudugudu == Umudugudu wa Mbuganzeri, aba bahanzi bavuga ko wiganjemo  impano nyinshi ziri mu rubyiruko ruhabarizwa, ku buryo benshi ngo bifashishwa mu birori n’iminsi mikuru itandukanye kuva mu mududugudu kugeza no ku urwego rw’igihugu,  bakaba  bibanda ku nyigisho  zikangurira abanyarwanda kubana mu mahoro, kurinda urubyiruko ibiyobyabwenge, ubwomanzi, uburaya n’izindi ngeso mbi zitesha agaciro umunyarwanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] 5szzkupvxo9p4o7uqgd32nckt0e1rmb Rwanda Film Office 0 19342 137521 133746 2026-09-15T15:53:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137521 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rwanda Film Office''' cyatangiye muri 2019 ni ibiro by’amafirime mu Rwanda akaba ari ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ry’u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Rwanda Nziza|guverinoma y’u Rwanda]] ishinzwe guteza imbere inganda zikoresha amajwi n'amashusho cyangwa filime .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rfo.rw/about |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-03 |archive-date=2024-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903105200/https://www.rfo.rw/about |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.giz.de/en/workingwithgiz/film_industry_africa.html</ref> == Intego == * Intego y'Ikigo cya Filmi mu Rwanda ni ugutanga ibikoresho byingenzi byo kubona amakuru * Intego y'ubufasha kumishinga ya majwi mpuzamahanga .<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/Rwanda/comments/15htjt4/about_the_film_industry_in_rwanda/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 34vbxbogdtdefeqm3bt064k19yx3dvr Umuganda muri Muhanga 0 19470 137522 118054 2026-09-15T15:53:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137522 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umuganda muri Muhanga''' ni ibikorwa bokorerwa mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'amajyepho]] yu [[Rwanda]]. Gutanga umuganda ni inkunga nkeya ariko ifasha abayikeneye, kuko nabo baheraho biga kwifasha, ni ngombwa ko abantu twese twitabira umuganda kugira ngo n’abanyantege nkeya babashe kuzamuka bagire ubuzima bwiza .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/muhanga-hatangijwe-umushinga-wo-kubaka-inzu-50-z-abatishoboye</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] ckd2bp2lpdocfrownhjhnn54k5mw99v Ikoranabuhanga i Muhanga 0 19471 137491 118055 2026-09-15T15:49:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137491 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikoranabuhanga muri Muhanga''' ni ikoranabunaga rikorerwa mu [[akarere ka Muhanga]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'amajyepho]] yu [[Rwanda]], ni ikoranabuhanga ni ugukoresha ubumenyi kugirango ugere ku ntego zifatika muburyo bwororoka. Ijambo ikoranabuhanga rishobora kandi gusobanura ibicuruzwa biva muri izo mbaraga, harimo ibikoresho bifatika nkibikoresho cyangwa imashini, nibindi bitagaragara nka za sofutiweya ziri ku ma cd cyangwa furashe. Ikoranabuhanga rifite uruhare runini muri siyansi, mu buhanga, no mu buzima bwa buri munsi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/muhanga-barishimira-ikoranabuhanga-ryaruhuye-ingendo-abashakaga-serivisi-z-irangamimerere</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] 5coryrh55bwsgc9dei9zg2xy0ai9mfj Centre de sante Rutonde 0 19473 137342 118058 2026-09-15T14:27:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Centre de sante rutonde''' ni ivuriro rito riri munsi y'ibitaro , aho iri vuriro riri mu murenge wa muhanga, mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muahanga]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'amajyepho]] yu [[Rwanda]] . '''Centre de sante rutonde''' ni ivuroro riifasha mu kuvura abanyarwanda ndetse n'abanyamahanga bagiye tandukanye muntara y'amajyepho y'igihugu.<ref>https://umuseke.rw/2023/10/muhanga-gs-gitarama-yakuyeho-ifunguro-ryabarimu-biteza-intugunda/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] d1gqfo88lobzfjmdyn24de6opv1f11q Chadai school I Muhanga 0 19476 137380 118064 2026-09-15T14:40:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137380 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chadai school I Muhanga''' ni shuri ryatangijwe n' umuyobozi waryo Madamu Raina Luff, mu mwaka wa 2006 ritangira rifite abarimu babiri(2) ndetse n'abanyeshuri 14 bafite icyumba kimwe cy'ishuri gusa , ariko kugeza ubu ishuri ryagiye ryaguka cyane kugeza kubanyeshuri basaga 450 abarezi basaga 19 , ibyumba by'amashuri birenga 15 , inzu y'imyidagaduro ,isomero ry' ibitabo, ibibuga by' imikino itandukanye, nibindi byinshi, riherereye i mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]] .<ref>https://panorama.rw/muhanga-abanyeshuri-ba-ahazaza-independent-school-bagaragaje-umusaruro-mwiza-mu-bizamini-bya-cambridge/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] 1txoo3tz89n7sq9j6hmb9ceejh5zmjr Groupe scolaire saint joseph kabgayi 0 19508 137746 118230 2026-09-15T17:07:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Groupe scolaire saint joseph kabgayi''' ni ikigo cya kiliziya Gatoloka aho cyegamiye kuri Leta, gikunze gutsindisha mu mashuri y'isumbuye, ndetse cy'ibanda cyane ku minikino, giherere imuhanga mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y amajyepho]] yu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/78535/groupe-scolaire-saint-joseph-kabgayi-ishuri-rizwi-cyane-mu-m-78535.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] llzvn0ls5st3zg88zx5v4z8ba5igg22 Fred Nkunda TTS 0 19509 137657 118231 2026-09-15T16:50:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fre Nkunda TTS''' ni ikigo kibarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'amajyepho]] yu [[Rwanda]] , kikaba kiri mu bigo byibanda ku masomo ya tekinike.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/78535/groupe-scolaire-saint-joseph-kabgayi-ishuri-rizwi-cyane-mu-m-78535.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] ih04gjipqduhcukd7mtmpoyllntfzql La misercorde primary school Shyongwe 0 19511 137716 118233 2026-09-15T17:00:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''La misercorde primary school Shyongwe''' ni ikigo cy'amashuri abanza aho giherere mu akarere ka Muhanga mu murenge wa shyongwe mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'amajyepho]] yu [[Rwanda]]. ni ikigo cyegamiye kuri kiliziya gatolike , ni ikgo cy'amashuri y'igenga.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/78535/groupe-scolaire-saint-joseph-kabgayi-ishuri-rizwi-cyane-mu-m-78535.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] dxsqcsblyw3vefc7r1f6qcdepxoi1yw Rwamagana leaders school 0 19517 137747 118287 2026-09-15T17:07:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137747 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rwamagana Leaders school''' ni ishuri ryatangijwe n' umuyobozi waryo mu mwaka wa 2006 ritangira rifite abarimu bashoboye, ndetse n'abanyeshuri bafite icyumba kimwe cy'ishuri gusa , ariko kugeza ubu ishuri ryagiye ryaguka cyane kugeza kubanyeshuri basaga 450 abarezi basaga 19 , ibyumba by'amashuri birenga 15 , inzu y'imyidagaduro ,isomero ry' ibitabo, ibibuga by' imikino itandukanye, nibindi byinshi, riherereye I [[Rwamagana]].<ref>https://rwandaschoolproject.org/rwamagana-leaders-school/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] d25909l9yxpvk6efw49zpy9rwr4lr96 HVP Gatagara Secondary School - Rwamagana 0 19521 137599 127919 2026-09-15T16:43:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137599 wikitext text/x-wiki HVP Gatagara Secondary School - Rwamagana ni ishuri rizwi kandi ryigenga riherereye mu muri [[akarere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fracarita-international.org/hvp-gatagara-rwamagana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-10-07 |archive-date=2024-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117141455/https://www.fracarita-international.org/hvp-gatagara-rwamagana |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] ll1o1djn150s9rmi5vt21q40843q8xa Excel bilingual nursery and primary school 0 19529 137309 118308 2026-09-15T14:23:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Excel bilingual nursery and primary school''' ni ishuri ry'igenga rifite amashuri abanza ndetse n'ayishuke riherereye i Rwamagana ni ishuri rizwi kandi ryigenga riherereye mu muri [[akarere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://excelschool.rw/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] jzbx14zu1rt3kdj95oxnbffsi8rzyic La Decouverte school 0 19533 137674 118312 2026-09-15T16:52:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''La Decouverte school i Rwamagana''' ni ishuri rizwi muri Rwamagana, rikaba ari ishuri ry'igenga, rikaba rifite amashuri abanza, ni ishuri rifite ubushobozi bw'ogutsindisha abana mu bizamini bya leta yu Rwanda, ni ishuri rizwi kandi ryigenga riherereye mu muri [[akarere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://decouverte.ch/en/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] sumjhij59jp7w10v2w2zabxjgnfr7qf Wisdom Centre Nursery And Primary School 0 19535 137610 119165 2026-09-15T16:44:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wisdom Centre Nursery And Primary School''' ni ishuri rizwi mu burasirazuba muri Bugesera, rikaba ari ishuri ry'igenga, rikaba rifite amashuri abanza, ni ishuri rifite ubushobozi bw'ogutsindisha abana mu bizamini bya leta yu Rwanda, ni ishuri rizwi kandi ryigenga riherereye mu muri akarere ka Bugesera mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wisdomcentre.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-10-11 |archive-date=2023-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521142203/https://wisdomcentre.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] msqgrebxy4ty72szff43lejq6cgqup3 Nyamata High School 0 19536 137611 118338 2026-09-15T16:44:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyamata High School''' ni ishuri ry'igenga riherereye mu [[Rwanda]], [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] umurenge wa Nyamata mu mugi wako karere , rikaba ari ishuri mpuzamahanga rifite imikoranire n'ibindi bihugu .<ref name=":0">https://rw92104-nyamata-high-school.contact.page/</ref> == Imikorere == Nyamata high school ni shuri rikomeza kwaguka uko bwije nuko bukeye kandi ryitwaye neza mu burezi bw' amashuri abanza aho buri mwaka riza mu mashari atanu ya mbere m'ugihugu mu gutsindisha abana neza mu bizamini bya leta bisoza amashuri abanza , ikindi nuko bafite imyigishirize myiza ugereranije nibindi bigo by'amashuri aho bo badashobora kurenza abana 25 mu ishuri rimwe .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] sifltbhy1oocibdglt062flu2mk6mq5 Blue Lakes International School 0 19538 137475 119976 2026-09-15T15:18:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Blue Lakes International School''' is one of the largest private schools in Rwanda, located in '''Bugesera''' District, '''Nyamata''' Sector, Eastern Province, where it is based on its teaching methods and the special programs taught at this school.<ref name=":0">https://igisabo.rw/2021/05/11/gukorera-ku-mihigo-ni-byo-bifasha-ikigo-cyamashuri-cya-blue-lakes-international-school-guhora-ku-isonga-mu-gutsindisha-neza/</ref> == ''Programs'' == Blue Lakes International School is a three-program(3) educational institution, with * Curriculum based on the '''Rwandan National Program'''. * Curriculum based on the '''United Kingdom Cambridge Program'''. * And a new '''BTEC program (PEARSON Program)''' with also United Kingdom Curriculum. <ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] mvar7iwu2dkkc51yfo4i7s683r6dl75 Imvano y'urugori mu muco nyarwanda 0 19744 137675 119786 2026-09-15T16:52:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137675 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:URUGORI.jpg|thumb|Urugori mu muco Nyarwanda]] '''Urugori''' ni ikimenyetso gikomeye gikunze kwigaragaza cyane mu umuco ndetse amateka y’igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]]. [[Urugori]] rusobanura cyane intekerezo ndetse n'ibyifuzo ababyeyi bashyingiwe bifuriza abana babo.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/umurage/article/imvano-y-umugenzo-wo-gutega-urugori-mu-muco-nyarwanda</ref> == Icyo bisobanuye == '''Urugori''' kurutega ni umuco aho urugori rutegwa n'umugore wabyaye umwana mu zima akabaho ntapfe, ndetse nk’aho ari wo mugenzo usoza imigenzo yose ya Kinyarwanda ndetse aho irebana n’umuhango w’ubukwe ndetse no gushinga urugo. Ndetse Urugori mu muco n’[[AMATEKA Y'U RWANDA|amateka]] by’u [[Rwanda]] rukaba rusobanura Kuramba no Kororoka .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] mk1sz3pvlcc2kzmybqcjz0ttzvnvkb4 Intango Cultural Night 0 19747 137748 132773 2026-09-15T17:07:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137748 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umugore uri gusya ifu kur'urusyo.jpg|thumb]] '''Intango Cultural Night''' iki ni igitaramo cyahawe cyangwa cyitwa gifite insanganyamatsiko yitwa iti Tumurike indyo [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Aha hari Abanyarwanda ndetse n’abanyamahanga batandukanye bagiye bitabiriye iki gitaramo aho cyari kiyobowe na Alice Kamasoni, ndetse bataramirwa na Ruti Joël na Mushabizi .<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/umurage/article/uburyohe-no-kwiyongeza-ibyaranze-igitaramo-mbonekarimwe-cyaganuwemo-amafunguro</ref> == Intango == Intango ni ihuriro ry'indirimbo nya [[Rwanda]], akaba ari igitaramo cy'imbonekarimwe aho cyaganuwemo [[Amafunguro yagutera ubwivumbure|amafunguro]] ya Kinyarwanda Intango ni igitekerezo natangiye gutekerezaho muri 2015, hazamo i ndyo zimwe na zimwe za kinyarwanda zisazwe zizwi nka [[Igishyimbo|ibishyimbo]], amateke, ibijumba, imyumbati n'ibindi.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 0opnkldmmb9fe7sjnzxunk419n4wy7x Umuryango Inteko izirikana 0 19749 137539 132815 2026-09-15T15:56:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137539 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibyivugo.jpg|thumb|Umuco Nyarwanda]] '''Umuryango Inteko Izirikana''' ni umuryango nyarwanda aho ugamije ndetse no kumenyekanisha amateka, umuco n’ururimi by’u [[Rwanda]] ndetse wizihije imyaka 20 umaze ubayeho, aho wagize uruhare wagize mu kumenyekanisha ubukungu buhishe mu murage w’u [[Rwanda]] . Ni inteko Izirikana ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta washinzwe n’inararibonye zigera kuri 12 hari muri 1997. Uyu muryango wabonye ubuzima gatozi muri 2003 ari na yo mpamvu wizihiza imyaka myinshi ubayeho .<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/umurage/article/inteko-izirikana-yihije-imyaka-20-herekanwa-inyungu-ihishe-mu-murage-w-u-rwanda</ref> == Umuryango == Umuryango inteko izirikana ni umuryango wiganjemo ahanini n'abantu bageze mu zabakuru basobanukiwe neza amateka, umuco n’ururumi by’u Rwanda ariko nanone hakabamo n’abakiri bato kugira ngo ubwo bumenyi bukomeze guhererekanywa. Ugira ibikorwa ibikorwa bigaragaza umuco n’amateka y’u Rwanda birimo imbyino, imyambaro n’amafunguro agaragaza umwihariko wa Kinyarwanda no gushimira abagira uruhare mu gusigasira no guteza imbere umurage.Inteko Izirikana nubwo ari Umuryango utari uwa Leta, wagiye ufatanya kenshi na Leta ndetse n’izindi nzego mu bushakashatsi n’ibindi bikorwa bigamije gusigasira umuco n’amateka.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] i1b8gzea8sri0t25yqkgqfrr9xyn70x MINUBUMWE 0 19756 137612 130884 2026-09-15T16:45:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137612 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 008 - A view from Hôtel des Mille Collines - Kigali.jpg|thumb|Ministeri]] '''MINUBUMWE''' [[Dosiye:MINUBUMWE.jpg|thumb|AHO MINUBUMWE IKORERA .KACYIRU-KIGALI]] ni [[Minisiteri ishinzwe imicungire y'ibiza n'impunzi|mininiteri]] guteza imbere umuco w’ubumwe n’amahoro mu [[Rwanda|Banyarwanda]] binyuze mu burezi bwo mu mashuri no mu biganiro ku rwego rw’umuryango .<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/icyo-wamenya-ku-nshingano-nyamukuru-za-minubumwe-minisiteri-yahurijwemo-ibigo</ref> MINIUBUMWE ( minisiteri y' ubumwe ni inshingano mboneragihugu)iherereye kacyiru munsi yagare ya kacyiru,hamwe n' ikigo cy ' igihugu cy' itangazamakuru mu rwanda(RBA) .<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=minubumwe+location&oq=minubumwe&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgJEAAYgAQyBggAEEUYOTIOCAEQRRgnGDsYgAQYigUyDQgCEC4YrwEYxwEYgAQyBwgDEAAYgAQyBwgEEAAYgAQyBwgFEAAYgAQyBwgGEAAYgAQyBwgHEAAYgAQyBwgIEAAYgAQyBwgJEAAYgATSAQoxNDMwNWowajE1qAIIsAIB8QVQ-E3TKqp4Lg&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> == MINUBUMWE == MINUBUMWE yashyizweho n'inama y’Abaminisitiri yateranye ku itariki ya 14 Nyakanga ni yo yemeje ko habaho iyi Minisiteri nshya maze muri Nzeri inshingano z’ibigo bya leta birimo Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge (NURC), Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG), Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Itorero n’Ikigega cya Leta Gishinzwe Gutera Inkunga Abarokotse Jenoside Batishoboye (FARG) zihurizwa muri yo<ref>https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/mandate/departments-1</ref>.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] lahqzjz2lokec7k7wxisk9yg8r22ry0 Rwanda Heritage Hub 0 19757 137492 132770 2026-09-15T15:49:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137492 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kuboha irulindo.jpg|thumb|Umuco Nyarwanda]] '''Rwanda Heritage Hub''' ni ikigo nyarwanda aho kigamije kwigisha urubyiruko [[Rwanda|Nyarwanda]] uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro umurage n’umuco by’u [[Rwanda]] ariko byose hakoreshejwe [[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] rigezweho .<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/umurage/article/mu-rwanda-hamuritse-ikigo-kizafasha-urubyiruko-kubyaza-umusaruro-umuco-n</ref> == Ibindi == Rwanda Heritage Hub ni ikigo cyatangiye gukora muri Kamena 2020, aha ni ku bufatanye bw’[[Inteko y'Umuco mu Rwanda|Inteko y’Umuco]] n’Umuryango Ushinzwe kubungabunga umutungo mu by’Umuco n’umurage cyitwa ICCROM.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] lxoy41y6f6k3kkwqxm2m5mugsgzlv3v Inteko izirikana yu Rwanda 0 19759 137423 132756 2026-09-15T14:55:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137423 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umugore uri gucunda amata mu Gisabo.jpg|thumb|Umuco wacu Nyarwanda]] '''Inteko izirikana''' yu [[Rwanda]] witwa Inteko Izirikana aho ugamije kumenyekanisha amateka, umuco n’ururimi by’u [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/umurage/article/inteko-izirikana-yihije-imyaka-20-herekanwa-inyungu-ihishe-mu-murage-w-u-rwanda</ref> == Umuryango == Inteko Izirikana ni umuryango utegamiye kuri uwa Leta yu [[Rwanda]], washinzwe n’inararibonye zigera kuri12 muri 1997. Uyu muryango wabonye ubuzima gatozi muri 2003, wiganjemo abageze mu zabakuru basobanukiwe amateka, umuco n’ururumi by’u Rwanda, n’abakiri bato kugira ngo ubwo bumenyi buhererekanywa .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] nyb2auvfxxwdf3sl2myslfj1hvs3k6e Inzoga y'urwagwa 0 19773 137600 132751 2026-09-15T16:43:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137600 wikitext text/x-wiki Ibinyobwa byose by’[[Abanyarwanda]] byitwaga inzoga, gusa byatandukaniraga mu buremere, bakavuga ngo iyi nzoga ni iy’abana, iyi ni iy’abantu bakuru, ni iy’abagore, ni iy’abagabo, ariko byose byitwaga inzoga .<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/120365/Lifestyle/urwagwa-a-local-brew-that-has-stood-the-test-of-time</ref> == Urwagwa == '''Urwagwa''' rero ni inzoga yavaga mu bitoki nyuma yokubyenga bagatara umutobe wavuye mu bitoki , bakayitaba mu intabo cyangwa urwina maze umutobe ukamaramo uminsi 3 [[Umutobe wa seleri|umutobe]] ugashya , ubwo ukaba uhindutse Urwangwa . rwabaga rukoze mu mu mutobe hamwe n'amasaka . <ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 702g4btee5uvkhkez5617h20h21d56k Amasaka y'amamera 0 19782 137443 132677 2026-09-15T15:04:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137443 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amamera Yanitse.jpg|thumb|Amamera]] '''Amasaka y'amamera''' aboneka iyo winitse [[amasaka]] mu mazi arimo ivu aho kugira ngo afashe mu ivubura maze nyuma y’iminsi igerakuri itatu, rero amasaka ashyirwa ahantu hashyushye, akagenda ahindura ibara ava ku mutuku aba umukara tsiriri . <ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mu-kigage-habamo-iki-gitera-abantu-kujya-mu-bitaro</ref> == Amamera == Amasaka y'amamera niho havamo ibinyobwa gakondo bifite umwihariko mu birori no mu buzima busanzwe bw’abaturage baba [[Abanyarwanda|Nyarwanda]]. Kimwe mu binyobwa bikundwa cyane ni ikigage, gitegurwa hifashishijwe amamera ibinyampeke bikomoka ku masaka anyuze mu rugendo rwihariye rwo gutunganywa .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] mdxadjx457dywaxzoalngix0gun26bf Gucana Umuriro 0 19788 137462 132643 2026-09-15T15:16:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Icyotore.jpg|thumb|265x265px|Gucana Umuriro]] '''Gucana Umuriro''' kera hari ukuntu [[abanyarwanda]] bari bafite uburyo babona umuriro wo kwifashisha mu bucuzi no gukora indi mirimo isaba umuriro nko guteka. Uwo muriro bawubonaga bakoresheje uruhu n’igiti cyangwa ibumba.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/imyuga-yacwekereye-kandi-yarafashaga-abanyarwanda-ba-kera-kwirwanaho</ref> == Umuriro == Ubu buryo bwo gucana [[Umuriro wa Gaze|umuriro]] bwamaze imyaka myinshi bukoreshwa, bwo bwahenutse rugikubita ubwo abanyaburayi bazaga bazanye ibibiriti, ariho bavugutaga bakoresheje ibiti bibiri bishinze mu muvuba, uko babivuguta, bikavamo umwuka ushyushye, umuriro ukaka, bakawuvumbika bakoresheje ibiti by’ishyamba, kugira ngo utazazima. Umuriro uvumbitse, washoboraga kumara imyaka amagana, utarazima.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 21iv86v4h70phx9fp4a5ykv3bzt5fzf Gukora Umunyu 0 19790 137676 132645 2026-09-15T16:52:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibiryo jp.jpg|thumb|Ibiryo birimo umunyu]] '''Gukora umunyu''' mu bakurambere bambere bahanze u [[Rwanda]] bari bazi gukora umunyu bashyiraga mu biryo, bawukoze mu ivu ry’Imiberanya. Ni uburyo bafataga ibyatsi bita imiberanya bagatwika ivu ryabyo bakarishyira mu mazi, ubundi rikikeneka, bakaza kuyungurura ibikatsi byaryo bakabimena, amazi bakayabika ahantu hasukuye, ubundi bakajya bayashyira mu biryo.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/imyuga-yacwekereye-kandi-yarafashaga-abanyarwanda-ba-kera-kwirwanaho</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] js4087e7geyx2pjnte9f2bb58s542hn Ububumbyi 0 19792 137765 132840 2026-09-15T17:09:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137765 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kubumba.jpg|thumb|Umubumbyi]] '''Kubumba''' ni umwuga w’ubumbyi nawo ukaba ari umwuga wa kera mu [[Rwanda]]. Ububumbyi bwakorwaga mu rwego ruhanitse rwohejuru, Ibikoresho nkenerwa byabumbwaga harimo nki ibibindi, Inkono. Intango, Ibyungo utwabya ndetse. Umurimo wo kubumba, wagiraga ibyiciro bitandukanye bitewe n’ikibumbano bashaka.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/imyuga-yacwekereye-kandi-yarafashaga-abanyarwanda-ba-kera-kwirwanaho</ref> == Ububumbyi == Ububumbyi ni umwe mu myuga yari ifite akamaro gahanitse mu gukora ibikoresho bikenerwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw’Abanyarwanda kuko hadutse ibikoresho bigezweho byiza kandi bikorerwa mu [[Uruganda rwa Kibuye 1|nganda]]. Kugeza ubu abakibikora uwo mwuga, babumba amavazi ajyamo indabo z’imitako n’ibiti.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} <center></center> [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 3hx4w1z48u7ksm9h0j6eesygwheiz9s Umuryango mu muco 0 19804 137508 132816 2026-09-15T15:51:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137508 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Murugo.jpg|thumb|Mu muryango]] '''Umuryango mu muco Nyarwanda''' ubundi ahanini ubusanzwe urugo rugizwe n’[[umugabo]] , [[umugore]] n’[[abana]].<ref name=":0">[https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=12978af115631865616cd22224fd30e8a786&vario=153cef42d16b31e7846ea14544bddaddae0&titNm=Imirimo%20yo%20mu%20rugo%20: https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=12978af115631865616cd22224fd30e8a786&vario=153cef42d16b31e7846ea14544bddaddae0&titNm=Imirimo%20yo%20mu%20rugo%20:]</ref> == Umuryango == Mu muryango umurimo wa mbere w’umugabo wari uguhinga , niwe kandi wubakaga urugo akanarutabarira; haba mu nzara akaruhahira . Umugore yaratekaga, agakubura, agategura; guhinga yarahingaga ariko bikitirirwa umugabo we , umwana w’umuhungu yafashaga se imirimo ya kigabo nko kwasa inkwi, kuvoma amazi no kuragira amatungo ; naho uw’umukobwa yafashaga nyina imirimo ya kigore : [[Umwana|umukobwa]] niwe wasyaga, agateka, agakubura, agategura, agakora n’iyindi mirimo yose y’isuku .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] bplnsedd8ijpb54gzl9vn5bzjvoxayr Indangagaciro z'umuco nyarwanda 0 19805 137509 132710 2026-09-15T15:52:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137509 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Indangagaciro z'umuco nyarwanda''' ni umuco kimwe mubiranga igihugu ukiranga ukagitandukanya n’ibindi. [[Umuco nyarwanda|Umuco]] ugira uruhare runini mu mibereho n’iterambere ry’abagituye.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/imyuga-yacwekereye-kandi-yarafashaga-abanyarwanda-ba-kera-kwirwanaho</ref> == Umuco == Umuco urangwa n'ibintu bitandukanye ibikorwa byahinduye imibereho y’Abanyarwanda bishingiye ku muco: imihigo, Gira inka Munyarwanda, Ubudehe, Umuganda, Umugoroba w’Ababyeyi, Umushyikirano, Umwiherero w’abayobozi, Abunzi, Inkiko Gacaca .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] iuv67sh5sekcb73r8uri2tevazwf0t4 Umuco w'amasunzu 0 19806 137635 132795 2026-09-15T16:47:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137635 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amasunzu.jpg|thumb|Amasunzu]] '''Amasunzu mu [[Rwanda]]''' ni bimwe mu biranga umuco w'abanyarwanda, amasunzu aboneka muburyo burenga 30 butandukanye. Byari kwerekana ukuntu ubwiza bw'amasunzu bari buri muri kiriya gihe cy'a kera.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/hagiye-kumurikwa-ibihangano-birimo-ibyerekana-ubwiza-bw-amasunzu-amafoto</ref> == Amasunzu == Amasunzu ni imisatsi idasasanzwe yo mu [[Rwanda]] yahoze yambarwa n'abagabo, ndetse n'abagore batashyingiranywe kugira ngo berekane abashobora kurega ko ari ingaragu kandi bafite imyaka yo gushyingirwa,hamwe numusatsi wanditswe muri crets, ukunze gusobanurwa nka crescent. Imisatsi yerekanaga imibereho, Kandi abagabo batambaraga Amasunzu barebwaga bakekwa kugeza mu kinyejana cya 20.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 3lbuhramxlqqpmexxmzu4fhkzyv1s8j Ubugeni n'umuco 0 19808 137766 132781 2026-09-15T17:09:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imitako y'ibiseke.jpg|thumb|Ubugeni]] '''Ubugeni''' ni kimwe mubintu biranga umuco nyarwanda, ubugeni nyarwanda bwagiye buranga umuco nyarwanda mu bikoresho byinshi bigiye bitandukanye mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-mukabunani-wakoze-igishushanyo-u-rwanda-rwahaye-perezida</ref> == Ubugeni == Hari ibikoresho bitandukanye bigenda bigaragara mu bugeni nyarwanda harimo imbehe, inkono y'itabi, kandi hari iduka ricuruza ibihangano by’ubugeni riri ku Gisimenti mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. <ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] h711kdgldlbcuyxdxw15pzoee8wa1fn Amahunge 0 19832 137636 132689 2026-09-15T16:47:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137636 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ganghwa soknorang sweet potatoes 1.jpg|thumb|Amahunge y'ibijumba]] '''Amahunge''' cyangwa se '''amahungire''' ni umurima bahingamo [[ibijumba]] muburyo bw'ihariye, cyangwa se byabugenewe, aho habaga ari mu gisambu cynagwa se mu rwiri kuki amahungu akorwa ahantu hakomeye.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/imyuga-yacwekereye-kandi-yarafashaga-abanyarwanda-ba-kera-kwirwanaho</ref> == Amahunge == Amahunge y'ibijumba cyangwa se amayogi ni intabire cyangwa se ubuhinge aho buba bwege hejuru , akaka ariho batera ibijumba , amateke cyangwa imyumbati cyangwase urutoki, akaba ariho babyitanga ibinyamayogi. <ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] b9mbxyn7taprxhieqw0qxmg2is7f0lb Amayogi 0 19833 137463 132631 2026-09-15T15:17:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Material man put on legs when they are going to dance in Rwanda tradition dance called AMAYOGI.jpg|thumb|Amayogi]] '''Amayogi''' ni ibikoresho bigaragara mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]], aho akunzwe gukoresha mu birori, akaab akunzwe kwambabwa ku maguru. rero amayogi akaba bakaba bayacura bakoresheje umuvuba.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGBtEQxMIOU</ref> == Amayogi == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 3xm8t6cmb25d80a0oi31c03rphu5jgy Umukenyero 0 19841 137767 132803 2026-09-15T17:09:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umukenyero numwitero.jpg|thumb|Umukenyero]] '''Umukenyero''' ni umwambaro wakera ugaragaza [[umuco nyarwanda]] ndetse no mukarere ugigaye ukoresha cyane , ubundi umukenyero wari mwambaro wa mbarwa n'abagore nkukko biri mu muco nyarwanda, gusa n'abagabo basigaye bayicyenyera.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/inkomoko-y-umuhamirizo-w-intore-mu-bigwi-bya-kigeli-rwabugili</ref> == Umukenyero == Umukenyero watangiye gukoreshwa kera cyane mu [[Rwanda]], cyane cyane ukambarwa n'abantu bakuze b'abacyecuru aho babaga bitabiriye ubukwe cyangwa se ibirori bigiye bitandukanye , ibirori by'umuco, kurya ubunnyano , kubatirisha abana . Umukenyero ukaba w'ambarwa ujyanye n'ikindi gitambaro cy'itwa umwitero .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] ohvv8uxudq2nnm0e1kh7vb92dt1gwrw Inigi 0 19843 137658 132724 2026-09-15T16:50:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137658 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibinigi.jpg|thumb|Urunigi]] '''Inigi''' cyangwa se '''urunigi''' ni umutako [[Umugore|abagore]] cyangwa se abakobwa bambara mu ijosi rukaba ryaragiye rukoresha kuva kera mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]] rwerekana ubwiza bw'urwambaye.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/117217/ubusobanuro-bwurunigi-abagore-nabakobwa-bambara-ku-nda-numumaro-warwo-benshi-batumva-kimwe-117217.html#google_vignette</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/fashion/umwitero-taking-a-dive-in-contemporary-times.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-03-08 |archive-date=2019-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516190043/http://en.igihe.com/fashion/umwitero-taking-a-dive-in-contemporary-times.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inigi == Urunigi abakobwa cyangwa umugore bayambara muburyo bw'inshi ahantu henshi byose bikaba bifite n'ibisibanuro bitandukanye aha twavuga : * mu Ijosi : aha ni umwiza busanze, aba ari umutako * mu nda : aha urunigi yambaye mu nda ngo ruba rumufasha kumenyako atabyibushye cyane bikamufasha kwimenya . * ku kirenge : ni umutako.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 30ajtwtmp0qtzqko3cjanov34s20jlg Umuhini 0 19846 137637 132801 2026-09-15T16:47:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137637 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Isekuru n'umuhini.jpg|thumb|Umuhini]] '''Umuhini''' ni [[igiti]] cyakoreshwa n'ubu gikoreshwa kuva kera mu bakurambere ubwo babaga bamaze gukora isekuru mu muvure mu giti cy'umuvure,nyuma bakoraga umuhini wabafashaga mugusekura ibintu bitandukanye bashyize mu [[isekuru]]. <ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-yakubise-umuhini-umukecuru-w-imyaka-73-arapfa-ahita-yishyikiriza-polisi</ref> == Umuhini == Umuhini ni igiti gifite uburerebure bungana burenga metero, ntabwo uba uremera uba woroshye, ahanini umuhini ukunze kuba ukoze mu giti cy'indakatsi, bidakuyeho ko n'ibindi biti wawukoramo.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] pb0eh9q8skbaowxppa4awomboahchct Urwabya 0 19849 137476 132836 2026-09-15T15:18:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137476 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikibindi.september.2024.jpg|thumb|Urwabya]] '''Urwabya''' ni igikoresho gakondo cya kera kigaragara mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]], urwabya rukaba rukoze mu ibumba aho ruba rufite umunwa mu nini rumeze nki kibindi ariko bitandukanye mu mikoreshereze aho urwabya barutekamo gusa imboga . urwabya rutandukanye n'uruho, igikebano , urucyo n'ikibindi .<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/dutembere-i-nyanza-rwesero-mwima-na-mushirarungu-ku-gicumbi-cy-umuco-nyarwanda</ref> == Ibindi == Urwabya rukunze kuba ari rutoya ugereranije n'ikibindi kandi rwose ruba rufite umunwa mu nini cyane kugirango ibyatekewemo babashe kubyarura.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 6r7lkz4ayonkn01czbtm8k57idrpd1w Ingasire 0 19850 137780 132721 2026-09-15T17:10:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137780 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urusyo 2.jpg|thumb|Urusyo n'ingasire]] '''Ingasire''' ni ibiye rigendana n'[[urusyo]], Ingasire ni ibuye umusyi afata mu ntoki ari gusya rikaba ari ubwoko bw'ibuye ryitwa isarabyayi, Ingasire ikaba ryaragiye rigaragara mu muco nyarwanda nkirifasha abanyarwanda mu mugusya ibinyameke bigiye bitandukanye harimo [[Amasaka y'amamera|amasaka]], [[amamera]], ibigori n'ibindi bitandukanye . <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/umurage/article/dore-bimwe-mu-bikoresho-birimo-gukendera-mu-rwanda</ref> == Urusyo n'Ingasire == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 1ugfp8r3zuofyaracenoe3m9f6zgqgc Umuce 0 19851 137477 132789 2026-09-15T15:18:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137477 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umusambi urambuye.jpg|thumb|Umusambi]] '''Umuce''' ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'[[umuco nyarwanda]] bya kera kuva mu bakurambere bu [[Rwanda]], umuce ubundi bawita umusambi cyangwa se ikirago . Umuce ubundi ukoze mu rukaganga bumishije ubundi bakagenda bahambiriza umugwegwe nayo babanje gutunganya neza bayikubita , bakayumutsa ubindi ikoroha.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/rulindo-batunguwe-no-kubona-meya-aboha-ikirago</ref> == Ibindi == Umuce ubundi utandukanye n'umusambi ndetse nanone byobi bitandukanye ndetse n'[[ikirago]], ariko nanone bigatandukana bigendanye naho bikoresha ndetse n'imikoreshereze.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 02r8adc6x0bkrsti3vdt1q5yfosjbif Umuziki gakondo 0 19890 137399 132826 2026-09-15T14:43:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137399 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RwandaTradditional music instrument.jpg|thumb]] '''Umuziki gakondo''' ni uruhurirane rw'ibikoresho nyarwanda bibyara umuziki urwehoheye amatwi, hakaba hari ibikoresho bigiye bitandunkanye mu rwanda byakoreshwaga mu muziki gakodo wu Rwanda wa kera . <ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/minisitiri-uwacu-yakirijwe-rukacarara-n-amadegede-kwa-rutangarwamaboko-amafoto</ref> == Ibikoresho == Umuziki wagiye ukoreshwa n'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe twavuga wenda: icyembe, iningiri, [[umuduri]], [[ingoma]] .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] p4vkk8cagbvcr0d8oafqzyzax4xwlu1 Amahembe 0 19891 137579 132691 2026-09-15T16:23:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137579 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inyambo (4).jpg|thumb|Amahembe]] [[Dosiye:AMAHEMBE AGEZWEHO.jpg|thumb|396x396px|Amahembe]] '''Amahembe''' n'ibimwe mu bikoresho by'akoreshwaga mu muco wa kera mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]] , aho yakoreshwaga ibintu byinshi bigiye bitandukanye kuva kera cyane haba ibikoresho, bitandukanye mubuvuzi n'ibindi .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/dutembere-i-nyanza-rwesero-mwima-na-mushirarungu-ku-gicumbi-cy-umuco-nyarwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] ghm2ckutrwxjosl7afa8vunul89l3h6 Ifuni 0 19930 137677 132666 2026-09-15T16:52:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137677 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bimwe mubikoresho gakondo wasanga ku mizi ya Nyabingi.jpg|thumb]] '''Ifuni''' mu kinyarwanda ni isuka yakoreshaga kera mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]], aho ifuni yakoraga ibintu bitandukanye, haba mu [[Ubuhinzi bw'urutoki|buhinzi]], [[UBWOROZI|ubworozi]] mugucura ibintu bitandukanye bakoresheje [[umuvuba]]. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-mateka-y-inkwano-mu-banyarwanda</ref> == Isuka == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] gtabip1bglc1sw5blpgesxe1f3mcz32 Amatabi 0 19933 137444 132679 2026-09-15T15:04:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137444 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inkono y’itabi.jpg|thumb|inkono y'itabi]] '''Itabi''' ni kimwe mu bintu bigaragara mu bintu biza mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]], ndetse bifite umumaro cyane kuko ry'afashaga abantu benshi mu kazi kabo kaburi munsi, harimo arinnyaga bagiye ku rugambo, itabi barikoreshaga bagiye kuragira, itabi kandi barikoreshaga bashaka nkiyongeramo akanyabugabo.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Itabi-umuco-wakendereye-mu-misango-yubukwe-mu-Rwanda</ref> == Inkono y'itbi == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 5ngxolml1xfgucx6d0ef4ytiwbo12oq Indyabiti 0 19935 137613 132711 2026-09-15T16:45:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137613 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bimwe mubikoresho gakondo wasanga ku mizi ya Nyabingi.jpg|thumb|Iryabiti]] '''Iryabiti''' ni kimwe mu gikoresho cya kera mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]], aho yyakoreshaga mu kwasa [[Ibiti byimeza|ibiti]] binini iryabiti yagiye itwa andi mazina harimo nki ishoka . <ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/article/inteko-y-ururimi-n-umuco</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Itabi-umuco-wakendereye-mu-misango-yubukwe-mu-Rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] lowylu5ujv85yh1kjmd9vp69gevdd3v Urunana 0 19936 137732 132831 2026-09-15T17:02:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137732 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bimwe mubikoresho gakondo wasanga ku mizi ya Nyabingi.jpg|thumb|Urunana]] '''Urunana''' ni kimwe mubikoresho by'akera bigaragara mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco nyarwanda,]] rukaba rwari rumwe mu bikoresho byakoreshaga mu buhinzi cyangwa se ubuhinzi, ubundi Urunani ni umuhoro wu bungubu . Urunani rwabaga rwihese ku mutwe warwo ,ahagana hagati hakaba ariho hari ubugi hatyaye .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/article/inteko-y-ururimi-n-umuco</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] extoe45rz583zrma60pgwh6dmrevg16 Intabire 0 19941 137614 132731 2026-09-15T16:45:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137614 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gutegura umurima w'ingano.jpg|thumb|Intabire]] '''Intabire''' ni [[umurima]] uhinze neza ibyatsi babitabye mu butaka ikaba ariyo bateragamo inyaka itandukanye mu gihe cyo kuyiteramo ndetse no kuyibagara. Intabire bateramo nki bishyimbo, amashaza, amasaka nibindi bitandukanye.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/hagaragajwe-uburyo-ingaruka-z-imihindakurikire-y-ibihe-zibasira-abagore-kurusha-abagabo</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/pineapple/land_preparation |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-03-31 |archive-date=2025-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418192821/https://ehinga.org/kin/articles/pineapple/land_preparation |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibyatsi == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] r41s2fh3itny8bhry30x940nkr24t7a Nyabingi 0 19946 137400 129763 2026-09-15T14:43:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137400 wikitext text/x-wiki Nyabingi ni umugore w'umunyarwandakazi wakuye benshi umutima kugeza aho hari bamwe banamwita sekibi<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/amateka-atangaje-ya-nyabingi-umugore-wakuye-benshi-umutima-abagabo-bakamutinya</ref> N’ubwo izina ryamamaye cyane ari Nyabingi ariko izina rye ry’Ikinyarwanda ni Nyabyinshi, bivuze umuntu ufite ubutunzi bwinshi, ni izina ryahawe umukobwa uvugwa ko we na Ruganzu ll Ndoli, bavutse ari impanga babyawe na Ndahiro ll Cyamatare.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/sobanukirwa-amateka-ya-nyabingi</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Nyabingi yavutse yitwa Nyabyinshi, nyuma izina rye riza kumenyekana nka Nyabingi bitewe n'uko abantu bavugaga ururimi rw'urukiga, iyo bumvaga izina Nyabyinshi bo bumvaga Nyabingi.<ref name=":1" /> Umwaka yavutsemo ntuzwi neza, ariko Bikekwako yavutse hagati y'umwaka w1600 n'umwaka w'1800.<ref name=":1" /> Uyu Nyabingi yagize ubutunzi bwinshi, Nyuma y'uko se yamuganiye agace k'u Rwanda kitwa mu ndorwa<ref name=":0" /> Ikindi nyabingi avugwaho inkuru zitandukanye mumateka y'u, Rwanda, hari abumva iryo zina bagasesa urumeza, abandi bakamufata nk'igikomerezwa, Imana, Sekibi n'ibindi byinshi. yaru umwana w'umukobwa wa Ruganzu II ndori wayoboye urwanda mu ntangiro z'ikinyejana cya 16. Yamubyaye ubwo yari yarahungiye Ikaragwe kwa Nyirasenge Nyabunyana<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/amateka-atangaje-ya-nyabingi-umugore-wakuye-benshi-umutima-abagabo-bakamutinya</ref> == Aho Nyabingi ahurira n'imyemerere == Nyabingi ntiyigeze ashaka umugabo, ubwo yari agiye gupfa, yahamagaye abaja be n’abagaragu abihera bwa butunzi bwe bwose ngo bazabugabane. Nk’ikimenyetso cyo kuzahora bamwibuka, bamushyiriraho imigenzo yo kujya bamuterekera. Baje no kwishyira hamwe biyita ‘Abagirwa’, nk’abantu bagizwe na Nyabingi bagatunga bagatunganirwa.<ref name=":0" /> Uwo muco wo guterekera Nyabingi wahereye aho, ukwira mu Banyarwanda bose aho uwabagiriye neza na nyuma yo gupfa bahoraga bamwibuka, Na n’ubu Mu Rwanda, by’umwihariko mu duce tw’Amajyaruguru, hari ahakigaragara ibimenyetso biranga imibereho ya Nyabingi, ku gicumbi cy’uwo muco ni mu Murenge wa Butaro mu Karere ka Burera.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Muri ako gace hari abakiriho mu bahose ari Abagirwa ba Nyabingi, aho bagiye basimburana mu buryo bw’uruhererekane bamwe basimbura ababyeyi babo, hakaba hakigaragara inzu za Nyabingi (Indaro/ingoro) aho baterekereraga.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 8hlxs11m2u7dlmioaqoak7mcd9hp002 Ibiganiro:Claudette Nsengimana 1 20061 137807 121560 2026-09-15T18:16:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Ibiganiro:Claudette nsengimana]] to [[Ibiganiro:Claudette Nsengimana]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 121560 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ku gisha inama. == Nananiwe gufata umwanzuro n'ubuzima bwange [[Ibidasanzwe:Contributions/197.157.135.30|197.157.135.30]] 08:27, 12 Mata 2025 (UTC) gsqtcxnackl5o319pl4pt7jdc3bo5lh Ingufu za Hydrogen 0 20154 137575 136584 2026-09-15T16:08:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137575 wikitext text/x-wiki === Ingufu za hydrogen === Ni ingufu z'ikinyabutabire kiboneka mu mazi (H20) cyangwa kigacukurwa mu misozi ikindi nuko ikinyabutabire hydrogen(H2) gishobora gucanywa ndetse cyikifashishwa mu gukora amabuye (fuelcells) mu gutanga amashanyarazi <ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=hydrogen+as+energy+source&oq=HYdrogen+as+energy+source&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyCAgBEAAYFhgeMggIAhAAGBYYHjIICAMQABgWGB4yCAgEEAAYFhgeMggIBRAAGBYYHjIICAYQABgWGB4yCAgHEAAYFhgeMggICBAAGBYYHjIICAkQABgWGB7SAQk0NTMxNGowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> ==== AMOKO YA HYDROGEN <ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=types+of+hydrogen&oq=TYPES+OF+HYDROGEN&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqDQgAEAAYkQIYgAQYigUyDQgAEAAYkQIYgAQYigUyDAgBEAAYFBiHAhiABDINCAIQABiRAhiABBiKBTIHCAMQABiABDIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIHCAYQABiABDIMCAcQABhDGIAEGIoFMgcICBAAGIAEMgcICRAAGIAE0gEIOTU4MGowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> ==== # Hydrogen y'icyatsi (Green Hydrogen) # Hydrogen y'ibarary'ivu (Grey Hydrogen) # Hydrogen y'ubururu (Blue hydrogen) # Hydrogen ya piki (Pink hydrogen)c # Hydrogen y'umukara n'umweru (Black and Brown hydrogen) === Ejo hazaza hi ngufu za Hydrogen y' Icyatsi === Tumenye hydrogen y'icyatsi ni Hadrogen itangiza ibidukikije (Eco-hydrogen) ni hydrodero y'amararankuba yakozwe hakoreshejwe ingufu zishya mu gutandukanya amazi. Ubu buryo ngombwa bukoresha mashini itandukanya amazi (electrolyzer) ifite imishinga y'anode na cathode, ikoresha amashanyarazi (akenshi aturuka kumwimerere) kugirango itandukanye amazi. Hydrodero y'amararankuba isohoka ikoreshwa, ituma turwanya impinduka z'ikirere kandi ituma dushobora kugera ku ntego yo kugabanya umwuka mubi hasi cyane mu mwaka wa 2050. Hakoreshejwe hydrodero y'amararankuba mu bikorwa byo gutwika amazi (boiler) aho gukoresha amavuta aturuka mu byasigaye mu butaka, byagabanya cyane kwangirika kw' ikirere, bigatuma turi hafi y'aho tutazongera kugira inyongera z'ikirere. <ref>https://www.bosch-hydrogen-energy.com/energy-system-of-the-future/future-of-hydrogen/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 8q8p6yvxy6feyfohhljhf4myowhl2mf Umusozi wa Mahale 0 20199 137401 123168 2026-09-15T14:44:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137401 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imisozi ya Mahale''' ni imisozi mu Karere ka Uvinza mu Karere ka Kigoma muri [[Tanzaniya]] . Imisozi iri ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika|bw'ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]] n'umusozi ufute ubutumburuke bagera kuri {{Convert|2462|m|ft}} kugera k'umusozi Nkungwe, ahantu hirengeye Uvinza.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20120418-tanzanias-mahale-mountains-national-park</ref> uyu musoziukaba ufite akandi gace ka pariki y' ubukerarugendo harimo inkintare ndetse nizindi nyamanswa zigiye zitandukanye zikurura abakerarugendo nk'intare n'izindi irishyamba kandi ni gakondo y'abaturage bo mubwoko bwa Holoholo, mbere yo kw'imurwa mu myaka ya za 70 kugirango hashyirwe parike y'igihugu y'imisozi ya Mahale <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055754/http://www.thebookseller.com/category/tags/mark-ellingham</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 77s9rktqw8fpm8044jvyvqg6yg8vhxy Imusozi Ya Uvidunda 0 20200 137523 123452 2026-09-15T15:53:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137523 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umisozi ya Uvindunda''' ( ''Milima ya Uvidunda'' mu [[Igiswahili|Giswahili]] ) ni imisozi mu burasirazuba [[Tanzaniya|bwa Tanzaniya]] .Ni imisozi miremire y'itiriwe abaturage Imisozi yitiriwe abaturage bakomoka mu misozi yo mu Karere ka Kilosa mu Karere ka Morogoro .<ref>https://www.birdlife.org/</ref> Imisozi ya Uvidunda iherereye hamwe n’amasoko arenga 6 adakorwa ku nzira. Urwunya rw’ubukerarugendo ndangamuco rw’imisozi ya Uvidunda,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://easternarc.or.tz/groups/webcontent/documents/pdf/Jones_Uvidunda_Report_Final.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-18 |archive-date=2017-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327053025/http://easternarc.or.tz/groups/webcontent/documents/pdf/Jones_Uvidunda_Report_Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> rwatangijwe n’ikigo cy’ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku kubungabunga ibidukikije Mikumi Eco & Ubukerarugendo bw’umuco nicyo giteza imbere no gucunga amasoko ya Chizua, Isumo rya Kigaga, Isumo rya Mzombe, Isumo rya Ibwedunghu, Inzira ya Makene Ngorunda. nka WaVidunda, ururimi rwabo ni Chividunda.<ref>https://www.africanbirdclub.org/sites/default/files/Tanzania_Uvidunda_2007_0.pdf</ref> == Imiterere ya Uvindunda == Imisozi ya Uvidunda ni igice giherereye mu burasirazuba bwa Arc. Urutonde rugizwe numwanya umwe ufite impinga eshatu zitandukanye, Chonwe, Mgwila, na Migomberama, zirenga metero 1500 z'uburebure. ] [[Umusozi wa Udzungwa|​]][[Umugezi munini wa Ruaha|​]] Amajyepfo yuburasirazuba bwimisozi uruzi runini rwa Ruaha rusohoka mukibaya. Umusozi wa Malundwe uri iburasirazuba muri parike ya Mikumi .ikibaya cya Mkata kigemura mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba. == Ibidukikije == Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2006 bwerekanye ko ishyamba rinini cyane ari ishyamba rya Iyunji (bita Chonwe) hafi y’imidugudu ya Vidunda, Chonwe, na Udunghu. Hashingiwe ku byogajuru n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku butaka, byagereranijwe ko ishyamba ryagabanutse kuva kuri ha 471.3 mu 1975 rikagera kuri ha 356 mu 2006, rikagabanuka hafi 25%. Ahantu hanini hashyizweho ishyamba ryimeza hamwe nishyamba ryabonetse muburengerazuba bwimisozi. Ibice binini by'imisozi byari bwarakuweho ubuhinzi, kandi igice kinini cy’ibiti n’ishyamba byari bisigaye byangiritse kubera gutwikwa cyane no gusarura ibiti.<ref>https://www.birdlife.org/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} hngtdvivogclu4gouy0mo5135b4utbv Parike ya Kitulo 0 20201 137540 123173 2026-09-15T15:56:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137540 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pariki y'igihugu ya Kitulo''' ni Pariki y'igihugu ya Tanzaniya, igizwe n'akarere karinzwe n'ibyatsi bya montane n'ishyamba ku kibaya cya kitulo mu misozi miremire cyane ya Tanzaniya . Parike iri ku butumburuke bwa {{Convert|2600|m}} hagati yimisozi ya Kipengere na Poroto kandi ifite ubuso bwa {{Convert|412.9|km2}}, uherereye mu Karere ka Mbeya no mu Karere ka Njombe . Iyi parike iyobowe na parike y’igihugu ya Tanzaniya (TANAPA) kandi ni parike ya mbere y’igihugu muri [[Afurika]] yo mu turere dushyuha yashinzwe cyane cyane mu kurinda Ibimera byayo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2002 |title=Tanzania's New National Park Protects Edible Orchids |url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/mar2002/2002-03-21-01.html |publisher=Environment News Service}}</ref><ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2003-03-06-tasty-orchids-are-selling-like-hotcakes-in-tanzania/</ref> Abenegihugu bavuga ko ikibaya cya Kitulo ari "Bustani ya Mungu (Ubusitani bw'Imana), mu gihe abahanga mu bimera bavuga ko ari "Serengeti y’indabyo".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130928024352/http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/Council%20document_10.pdf</ref> == Iyemezwa ry'iyi parike == Kurinda ibimera bidasanzwe bya Kitulo Plateau byasabwe bwa mbere n’umuryango w'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye (WCS), mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bugenda bwiyongera mu birayi Bya orchide ndetse no kongera ibikorwa byo guhiga no gutema amashyamba akikije. Mu 2002, nibwo Perezida Benjamin Mkapa yatangaje ko hashyizweho parike. Iyi parike yashyizwe mu kinyamakuru mu 2005, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2010 |title=Strengthening the Protected Area Network in Southern Tanzania: Improving the Effectiveness of National Parks in Addressing Threats to Biodiversity |url=http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/Council%20document_10.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928024352/http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/Council%20document_10.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2013 |publisher=Global Environment Facility |page=21}}</ref> ihinduka parike y'igihugu ya cumi na kane ya Tanzaniya. TANAPA yatangaje ko iyi parike ishobora kwagurwa mu gihe kiri imbere kugira ngo ishyiremo ishyamba rituranye n'umusozi wa Rungwe.<ref>https://www.protectedplanet.net/555623852</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} lgcbnt3mwmn57v4phc628nuh8gz5avp Parike ya Kakum 0 20253 137381 130717 2026-09-15T14:40:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137381 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Parike ya Kakum,''' iherereye mu nkengero z’akarere ko hageti <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=24 February 2016 |title=Central Region |url=https://touringghana.com/central-region/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320175619/https://touringghana.com/central-region/ |archive-date=20 March 2022 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=touringghana.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Central Region |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/CentralRegion.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203020435/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tourism/CentralRegion.php |archive-date=3 February 2022 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park (Official GANP Park Page) |url=https://national-parks.org/ghana/kakum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926165847/https://national-parks.org/ghana/kakum |archive-date=26 September 2023 |access-date=29 July 2023 |website=national-parks.org |language=en}}</ref> Muri [[Gana]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=GTA's Experience Ghana, Share Ghana Campaign To Promote Domestic Tourism Visits Central & Western Regions - Ghana.Travel |url=https://ghana.travel/gtas-experience-ghana-share-ghana-campaign-to-promote-domestic-tourism-visits-central-western-regions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618060044/https://ghana.travel/gtas-experience-ghana-share-ghana-campaign-to-promote-domestic-tourism-visits-central-western-regions/ |archive-date=18 June 2024 |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> ifite ubuso bwa {{Convert|375|km2}} .Yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1931 nk'ikigega, yashyizwe mu kinyamakuru nka parike y'igihugu gusa mu 1992 nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwa mbere kuri [[Inyoni|avifauna]] . Agace karimo amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha . [ <ref name="Parks">{{Cite web |title=Parks and reserves of Ghana: Management Effectiveness Assessment of Protected Areas |url=http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-073.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107201234/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-073.pdf |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=12 April 2013 |publisher=IUCN}}</ref> <ref name="Unesco">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park (Assin Attandanso Reserve) (#) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802093422/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1396/ |archive-date=2 August 2012 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Ni hamwe mu hantu 3 gusa muri [[Afurika]] hamwe n'inzira nyabagerwa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kakum Canopy Walk |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kakum-canopy-walk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711113259/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kakum-canopy-walk |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> ifite {{Convert|350|m}} <ref name="Unesco" /> <ref name="Life">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park - Assin Attandaso Resource Reserve |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6324 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101020828/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6324 |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=Bird Life}}</ref> == Amateka ya pariki ya kakum == Mu 1931, agace kavomwe n’amazi y’amazi y'umugenzi wa kakum yatangajwe ko ari amashyamba kandi acungwa n’ishami ry’amashyamba. Muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20250914020549/https://www.cometowestafrica.com/destinations/travel-news-and-events/kakum-national-park-ghana-2] gihe, ibikorwa byo gutema ibiti byari byiganje, cyane cyane mu bwoko bw’ibiti bya mahogany <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahogany {{!}} wood |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/mahogany-wood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629151308/https://www.britannica.com/topic/mahogany-wood |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref>. Ibikorwa byo gutema ibiti byakomeje kugeza mu 1989 igihe ubuyobozi bw’ikigega bwimurirwa mu ishami ry’ibinyabuzima. <ref name="NGO">{{Cite web |title=Kakum National Park |url=http://www.microsfere.org/en/kakum-national-park/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107214241/http://www.microsfere.org/en/kakum-national-park/index.htm |archive-date=7 January 2014 |access-date=11 April 2013 |publisher=Microsfere}}</ref> Inyigo ishoboka na gahunda ibanza yimyaka 5 yo gucunga iterambere rya parike yigihugu ya Kakum nkahantu nyaburanga hashyizweho mu mwaka mu 1990 hashyizweho umushinga wakozwe na gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere (Dudley 1990). Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwarimo isuzuma ry’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye by’ibimera n’ibinyabuzima byo mu ishyamba rya Kakum hamwe n’ishyamba rya Assin-Attandanso, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’abaturage ndetse n'inzovu (Dudley 1990; Dudley, Mensah-Ntiamoah, & Kpelle 1992; Dudley 1995). Gahunda yo Kwiga no Kubanziriza Imyaka 5 Yateguwe yateguwe muburyo bwo gufatanya no gutanga inama zirimo umujyanama w’ibinyabuzima, abashinzwe amashyamba, abashinzwe inyamanswa, abaturage baho, kaminuza zo muri Gana, abayobozi ba leta mu karere, n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye (Dudley 1992). == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} s4qph96fgjqt150pfwxkise6ex4h7k3 Aburi Botanical Gardens 0 20254 137343 125907 2026-09-15T14:27:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Ubusitani]] bwa Aburi Botanical''' nubusitani muri Abari mukarere k'iburasirazuba bwa [[Gana]] . [[Dosiye:Botanical Gardens, Aburi (P1090818).jpg|thumb|346x346px|aburi botanica gardens]] Uyu munsi, mu kinyejana cya 21, umuntu ntashobora kuvuga ibijyanye n'ubuhinzi bw'imboga muri Gana no muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba atavuze ku busitani bwa Aburi Botanical. Ubusitani bufite ubuso bwa hegitari 64.8. Yafunguwe muri <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2005 |title=The Beautiful Aburi Botanic Garden of Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/The-Beautiful-Aburi-Botanic-Garden-of-Ghana-82972 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> kandi yashinzwe na guverineri William Brandford Griffith na Dr. John Farrell Easmon, umuganga w'ubuvuzi wa [[Siyera Lewone|siyera]] Lewone Mbere yuko ubusitani bushingwa, niho hari sanatori yubatswe mu 1875 ku bayobozi ba leta ya Gold Coast. Ku butegetsi bwa William Branford Griffith, umumisiyoneri wa basel na Moroviya wo muri [[Jamayika]], Alexandre Worth clerk bagenzuye isaranganya ry’ubutaka bukikije sanatori kugira ngo batangire ishami ry’ibimera. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiarfield House [sic, Jamaica-Aburi (Fairfield House) - BM Archives |url=http://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/8197 |access-date=5 October 2019 |website=www.bmarchives.org}}</ref> Mu 1890, William Crowther, umunyeshuri wo muri Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, yagizwe umuyobozi wa mbere w’ubusitani. Ubusitani bwagize uruhare runini mu gushishikariza umusaruro wa kakao muri [[Gana]] yepfo, utanga ingemwe za kakao zihenze namakuru ajyanye guhinga siyanse. ''Hevea brasiliensis'' imaze koherezwa i Aburi kuva Kew mu 1893, ubusitani nabwo bwashishikarizaga umusaruro wa rubber muri [[Gana]] . == Ubwoko bw'ibiti buboneka mu Busikani bwa Botanical == [[Dosiye:Botanical Gardens, Akwapim South (P1090823).jpg|thumb|aburi botanical gardens]] umuntu ashobora gusangamo ubwoko bw'inshi bw'ibitu nka pamba y'ubudodo (ceiba pentandra) mahogany Imyerezi, [[igiti]] cya silver, <ref>https://tools.bgci.org/garden.php?id=1246</ref>n'ibindi byinshi, urebye uko imitetere y'imisozi ifite amoko atandukanye y'ibiti byo muturere dushyuha hamwe n'ubusitani bw'ibimera mumujyi ,cyane cyane ubusitani buzwi ku izina Aburi Botanical Gardens, wabaye indiri yaba mukerarugendo 'abanyamahanga ndetse n'abenegihugu<ref>https://www.bmarchives.org/items/show/8197#p=1</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} j17x8vc7t3l3wa6l9sowcxpemtosst9 Ubusitani bwa Kirstenbosch 0 20273 137524 133486 2026-09-15T15:54:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137524 wikitext text/x-wiki  '''Kirstenbosch''' n'ubusitani bw'ibimera bwubatswe munsi y'uburasirazuba bw'umusozi wameza muri Cape Town . Ubusitani ni bumwe mu busitani bwa Botanika 10 bukubiyemo ibinyabuzima bitanu muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] bitandatu bitandukanye kandi bikayoborwa n’ikigocy'igihugu cy'ibinyabuzima cya Afurika y'epfo (SANBI). Mbere y'itariki ya 1 Nzeri 2004, ikigo cyari kizwi ku izina rya National Botanical Institute.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sanbi.org/media/kirstenbosch-awarded-level-4-accreditation-by-arbnet-accreditation-programme/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-27 |archive-date=2025-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424051612/https://www.sanbi.org/media/kirstenbosch-awarded-level-4-accreditation-by-arbnet-accreditation-programme/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kirstenbosch ishimangira cyane mu guhinga ibihingwa kavukire. Igihe Kirstenbosch yashingwa mu mwaka wi 1913 kugira ngo ibungabunge ibimera bikomoka ku butaka bwa Afurika y'Epfo, nibwo busitani bwa mbere bw’ibimera ku isi bufite uyu mwihariko, mu gihe [[Ibisimba byaduka|amoko atera]] atabonaga ko ari ikibazo cy’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} qt5407hrfh6bnb5jpmqeen31vgtgbyn Cape Town 0 20274 137560 134635 2026-09-15T16:06:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cape Town''' ni [[Umurwa|umurwa mukuru]] muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]]. N'umujyi wa kera cyane w'igihugu kandi niho Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Afrika yepfo. Umujyi wa Cape Town niwo mujyi mu bunini mu gihugu ukurikije abaturage, nyuma ya Johannesburg, n'umujyi munini mu burengerazuba bwa Cape . Umujyi ugizwe n'umujyi wa Cape Town metropolitan . Uyu mujyi uzwiho kandi icyambu, imiterere karemano mu karere ka Cape Floristic, ndetse n’ahantu nyaburanga nka Mountain na Cape Point. Cape Town yagizwe umujyi mwiza ku isi ku bagenzi, inshuro nyinshi, harimo nka The New York Times mu 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |title=14 Fun Facts You Didn't Know About Cape Town – Interesting & Amusing Things about the Mother City |url=http://www.capetownmagazine.com/cape-confidential/14-fun-facts-you-didnt-know-about-cape-town/123_22_19306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626140114/http://www.capetownmagazine.com/cape-confidential/14-fun-facts-you-didnt-know-about-cape-town/123_22_19306 |archive-date=26 June 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014 |website=Cape Town Magazine}}</ref> igihe cyashize mu 2025, <ref name="High five! Cape Town named Time Out’s Best City in the World">{{Cite web |last=Andrew Hallett |date=15 January 2025 |title=High five! Cape Town named Time Out’s Best City in the World |url=https://www.timeout.com/cape-town/news/cape-town-named-time-out-best-city-world-011525 |access-date=15 July 2025 |publisher=Time Out}}</ref> na ''The Telegraph'' mu myaka 8 ishize(2017 kugeza 2025). <ref name="Cape Town crowned world’s top city for travel – again">{{Cite web |last=Kate Walker |date=5 May 2025 |title=Cape Town crowned world’s top city for travel – again |url=https://www.capetownetc.com/news/cape-town-crowned-worlds-top-city-for-travel-again/ |access-date=15 July 2025 |publisher=CapeTown ETC}}</ref> Iherereye ku nkombe za Table Bay, agace ka City Bowl ka Cape Town, karimo akarere k'ubucuruzi hagati (CBD), ni agace ka kera cyane ko mu mijyi yo mu burengerazuba bwa cape, ako gace kandi gafite umurage ndangamuco ukomeye. Agace ka metropolitani gafite inkombe ndende ku nyanja ya Atalantika , ikubiyemo igice cyo mu majyaruguru mu karere ka West Beach, ndetse n'akarere ka False Bay mu majyepfo. Parike y'imeza iri mu mipaka y'umujyi kandi hari n'ibindi byinshi bibungabunga ibidukikije hamwe n’ahantu harinzwe n’inyanja imbere ndetse no hafi y’umujyi, birinda ibidukikije bitandukanye byo ku isi n’inyanja. Muri byo harimo ubusitani bwa Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, bukubiyemo 5 muri biome 6 zo muri Afurika y'epfo, kandi bukerekana ibimera byinshi bikomoka mu karere ka Cape. Cape Town yinjiza amafaranga menshi yo muri Afurika y'epfo, <ref name="South Africans flock to Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Kirsten Minnaar |date=30 June 2025 |title=South Africans flock to Cape Town |url=https://dailyinvestor.com/property/92063/south-africans-flock-to-cape-town/ |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=Daily Investor}}</ref> umubare muto w’ubushomeri, <ref name="Cape Town Deviates from National Labour Trends">{{Cite web |last= |date=14 May 2025 |title=Cape Town Deviates from National Labour Trends |url=https://www.enca.com/business-videos/discussion-cape-town-deviates-national-labour-trends |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=eNCA}}</ref> urwego rwo hejuru rw’ishoramari ry’ibikorwa remezo, <ref name="2025 to 2026 Budget - Annexure A">{{Cite web |last= |date=28 May 2025 |title=2025 to 2026 Budget - Annexure A |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Financial%20documents/Budget2526_AnnexureA.pdf |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=The City of Cape Town |archive-date=3 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250903180307/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Financial%20documents/Budget2526_AnnexureA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> zitanga serivisi zikomeye, <ref name="Cape Town ranked first in latest Good Governance Africa index">{{Cite web |last= |date=18 March 2024 |title=Cape Town ranked first in latest Good Governance Africa index |url=https://www.capetown.gov.za/Media-and-news/Cape%20Town%20ranked%20first%20in%20latest%20Good%20Governance%20Africa%20index |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref> ubukerarugendo bunini, <ref name="Cape Town crowned world’s top city for travel – again"/> n’isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa. <ref name="Cape Town's property market continues to outpace other cities as the wealth divide grows">{{Cite web |last=Jason Woosey |date=24 June 2025 |title=Cape Town's property market continues to outpace other cities as the wealth divide grows |url=https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/2025-06-23-cape-towns-property-market-continues-to-outpace-the-rest-of-sa-as-the-wealth-divide-grows/ |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=IOL}}</ref> == Amateka == === Igihe cyambere === [[Dosiye:F._Benda-The_planting_of_cross_by_Bartholomew_Dias_in_1488-0681_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Umushakashatsi wo muri Porutugali Bartolomeu Dias atera umusaraba i Cape Point, 1488.]] Ibisigisigi bya mbere bizwi cyane mu bikorwa by'abantu muri kariya karere byabonetse mu buvumo bwa Peers muri Fish Hoek kandi byanditswe hagati yimyaka 15.000 na 12.000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Antiquity of man |url=http://www.antiquityofman.com/Peers_Cave.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301174424/http://www.antiquityofman.com/Peers_Cave.html |archive-date=1 March 2009 |access-date=15 June 2009 |publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}</ref> Bartolomeu Dias Umunyaburayi wa mbere wageze muri ako karere yahageze mu mwaka wa 1488 ayita "Cape of Storms" ( {{Lang|pt|Cabo das Tormentas}} ). Nyuma yaje kwitwa John II wo muri Porutugali yitwa " Cape of Hope Hope " ( {{Lang|pt|Cabo da Boa Esperança}} ) kubera icyizere gikomeye cyatewe no gufungura inzira y'inyanja yerekeza k'umugabane wu Buhinde no mu burasirazuba bwa Indies . Mu mwaka wi 1497, umushakashatsi w’igiporutugali Vasco da Gama yanditse amajwi yerekeranye n’umusozi w’amizero meza. Mu mwaka wi 1510, ku rugamba rw'uruzi rw'umunyu, admiral wo muri Porutugali Francisco de Almeida na mirongo itandatu na bane mu bagabo be barishwe kandi ishyaka rye ryatsinzwe <ref>{{Cite book|pages=168–173}}</ref> na "Goringhaiqua" mu myandikire y’Abadage) bakoresheje inka zatojwe bidasanzwe kugira ngo basubize ifirimbi n'induru. Gorinaiqua yari umwe mu miryango ya Khoikhoi yari ituye muri ako gace. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 16 Abafaransa, Danemarke, Abadage, n'Abongereza, ariko cyane I giporutugali, amato yahoraga akomeza guhagarara hejuru ya Bay Bay yerekeza mu Buhinde. Bagurishaga itabi, umuringa, n'icyuma hamwe n'imiryango ya Khoikhoi yo mu karere kugirango bagurane inyama nshya n'ibindi byangombwa by'ingendo. === Igihe cy'Ubuholandi === .​​ Gutura byakuze buhoro muri iki gihe, kuko byari bigoye kubona akazi gahagije.Uku kubura abakozi kwatumye kandi abayobozi baho batumiza mu mahanga abacakara muri [[Indonesiya|Indoneziya]] na [[Madagasikari]]. Benshi muri aba bantu ni abakurambere b'iki gihe cya Cape Colored na Cape Malay. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2009 |title=Cape-Slavery-Heritage " Coloured People of the Western Cape have the most Diverse Ancestry in the World :: iBlog |url=http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/2009/05/01/coloured-people-of-the-western-cape-have-the-most-diverse-ancestry-in-the-world/ |access-date=17 March 2011 |publisher=Cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 1927 |title=Slavery and early colonisation, South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/slavery/slavery.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109130722/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/slavery/slavery.htm |archive-date=9 January 2011 |access-date=17 March 2011 |publisher=Sahistory.org.za}}</ref> Ku butegetsi bwa Van Riebeeck n'abamusimbuye, nk'abayobozi ba VOC ndetse na ba guverineri nyuma ya Cape, hashyizweho ibihingwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinzi. Bimwe muribi, birimo inzabibu, ibinyampeke, imbuto z'ubutaka, ibirayi, pomme na citrusi, byagize uruhare runini kandi birambye mu mibereho n'ubukungu bw'akarere. === Igihe cy'Ubwongereza === Repubulika y'ubuhorandi yahinduwe muri Repubulika ya Bataviya y’impinduramatwara y’Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza bwimukiye kwigarurira ubukoloni bw’Ubuholandi, harimo n’ubukoroni bwa VOC. U bwongereza bwigaruriye Cape Town mu mwaka wa 1795, ariko busubizwa mu Buholandi n’amasezerano mu 1803. Ingabo z’Abongereza zongeye kwigarurira Cape mu 1806 nyuma y’Intambara ya Blaauwberg igihe Repubulika ya Bataviya yifatanyaga na mukeba w’Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, mu gihe cy’intambara ya Napoleon . Intambara irangiye Cape Town yahawe u Bwongereza burundu mu masezerano y'Abongereza n'ubuholandi yo mu mwaka 1814. Umujyi wabaye umurwa mukuru wa Cape Colony nshya yari imaze gushingwa, akarere kayo kakaguka cyane kugeza mu myaka ya 1800, igice cyatewe n'intambara nyinshi na ama Xhosa k'umupaka w'iburasirazuba bwa koloni. Mu 1833, ubucakara bwakuweho muri koloni babohora imbata zirenga 5500 muri uwo mujyi, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyabatuye umujyi icyo gihe. <ref name="Martin 1836 113">{{Cite book|pages=113}}</ref> ikibazo cy'abakatiwe mu 1849, cyaranzwe n’imivurungano ikomeye y’abaturage, cyashimangiye icyifuzo cyo kwiyobora muri Cape. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|pages=429–442}}</ref> Mu kwaguka haje gusabwa ubwigenge bukomeye mu Bwongereza, Cape igera ku nteko ishinga amategeko yayo mu mwaka wi 1854 na Minisitiri w’intebe ubarizwa aho (1872). Amatora yashyizweho hakurikijwe amacakubiri adafite amoko Cape yujuje ibisabwa . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Charles |title=A painting of the arrival of Jan van Riebeeck in Table Bay |url=http://www.rosebuds.co.za/Toere/Cape%20Town.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230184319/http://www.rosebuds.co.za/Toere/Cape%20Town.htm |archive-date=30 December 2011 |access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> Mu mwaka wi 1850 nuwa 1860, ubundi bwoko bw’ibimera bwatangijwe muri Ositaraliya n’ubuyobozi bw’Ubwongereza. By'umwihariko rooikrans yatangijwe kugirango ituze umucanga wa Cape flats kugirango yemererwe umuhanda uhuza umupaka n’igice cy’umugabane wa Afurika, <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=60}}</ref> kandi eucalyptus yakoreshejwe mu kuvoma ibishanga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Contested Past and Present: Australian Trees in South Africa |url=https://www.ssrc.org/pages/A-Contested-Past-and-Present-Australian-Trees-in-South-Africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727072156/https://www.ssrc.org/pages/A-Contested-Past-and-Present-Australian-Trees-in-South-Africa/ |archive-date=27 July 2020 |access-date=12 February 2020 |website=Social Science Research Council}}</ref> Mu 1859, umurongo wa gariyamoshi wa mbere wubatswe na gariyamoshi ya leta ya Cape kandi sisitemu ya gariyamoshi yagutse vuba mu 1870. Ivumburwa rya diyama muri Griqualand West mu 1867, na Witwatersrand Gold Rush mu 1886, byatumye umwuzure w’abinjira muri Afurika y'epfo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbenga |first=Bernard |title=New History of South Africa |url=http://www.tafelberg.com/Books/2652 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422132145/http://www.tafelberg.com/Books/2652 |archive-date=22 April 2014 |access-date=18 January 2013 |publisher=Tafelberg, South Africa, 2007}}</ref> Mu 1895, hafunguwe sitasiyo ya mbere y’amashanyarazi rusange y’umujyi, Graaff Electric Lighting Works . Amakimbirane hagati ya Repubulika ya Boer imbere na guverinoma y'ubukoroni bw’Abongereza yatumye Intambara ya kabiri ya Boer yo mu mwaka wi 1899–1902. Intsinzi y'Ubwongereza muri iyi ntambara yatumye hashyirwaho Afurika y'Epfo yunze ubumwe. Kuva mu 1891 kugeza 1901, abatuye umujyi barikubye kabiri bava kuri 67.000 bagera kuri 171.000. <ref name="C1875">{{Cite book|pages=212}}</ref> Igihe cy' ikinyejana cya 19 ubwo cyarangiraga, ubukungu bwa politiki bya Cape Town mu karere ka Afurika y'epfo mu kinyejana cya 19 byatangiye guha umwanya Johannesburg na Pretoriya mu kinyejana cya 20. <ref name="AMad">{{Cite book|pages=82–94}}</ref> === Igihe cya Afrika yepfo === Mu 1910, Ubwongereza bwashizeho ubumwe bw'Afurika y'epfo bwahuzaga Cape Colony hamwe na Repubulika ya Boer yatsinzwe na koloni y’Abongereza ya Natal . Cape Town yabaye umurwa mukuru w’amategeko w’Ubumwe, nyuma ya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Repubulika ya Afurika yepfo]] . Mu ibarura ryo mu 1936 Johannesburg yari Cape Town nk'umujyi munini mu gihugu. Mu 1945 kwagura ikibanza cya Cae Town cyarangiye, hiyongeraho 194ha (hegitari 480) kuri Cape Town CBD, no mu kwagura, akarere ka Bowl. <ref name="sahris_sahra_org_za">{{Cite web |last=Halkett |first=D.J. |date=October 2012 |title=Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed Cape Town International Convention Centre 2 on Erwen 192, 245, 246 and the Remainder of Erf 192, "Salazar Square", Roggebaai, Cape Town Foreshore |url=https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/CTICC%20AIA%2025_10_2012.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529140706/https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/CTICC%20AIA%2025_10_2012.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2021 |access-date=26 August 2019 |website=sahra.org.za |page=18}}</ref> ==== Mugihe cya Aparthied ==== Mbere kandi y'ikinyejana cya 20 rwagati Cape Town yari umwe mumijyi ihuriweho n'amoko muri Afurika y'epfo. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=63–78}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|pages=51}}</ref>​''​''​ == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 020ac7s3b74owg4nvluuxl04drbqi8c Umusozi wa Bandiagara Escarpment 0 20279 137525 123593 2026-09-15T15:54:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137525 wikitext text/x-wiki Umusozi wa Bandiagara Escarpment ni urutare ukaba uherereye mu gihugu cya [[Mali]] . ufite uburebure bugera kuri {{Convert|500|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}}. Agace ka escarpment gatuwe nuyu munsi n'abantu bo mubwoko bwaba Dogon . Mbere ya Dogon, escarpment yari ituwe n'abantu bo mubwoko bwa Tellem na Toloy . abantu benshi basigaye kuri Tellem. Escarpment ya Bandiagara yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’umurage w’isi wa UNESCO mu 1989.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/mali-plunders-its-desert-heritage-to-feed-demand-forprimitive-art-687697.html</ref> '''Imisozi ya Bandiagara''' ni urutare rufite umucanga uva mu majyepfo ugana mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba hejuru ya {{Convert|200|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} no kugera kuri massif ya Grandamia. Iherezo rya misifike ryaranzwe na [[Umusozi wa Hombori|Hombori Tondo]], impinga ndende ya Mali kuri {{Convert|1155|m|ft|abbr=on}} . Kubera imiterere yubucukumbuzi, amoko na geologiya, ikibanza cyose ni ingingo ishimishije.<ref>https://www.wmf.org/projects/bandiagara-escarpment-cultural-landscape</ref> == Escarpment ya Bandiagara uyumunsi == Uyu munsi, abayobozi baho baherekeza amatsinda yubukerarugendo kumuherekeza gusura imidugudu ya Dogon. Urukurikirane rw'inzira zinyura mu bitare, kandi burigace mui buri mudugudu utanga ibiryo n'amacumbi. Imidugudu yakira amafaranga ava mumacumbi n' ubukerarugendo. Biteganijwe ko ubwiyongere bukabije mu bukerarugendo bugana muri ako karere, kubera ko hubatswe umuhanda mushya, ugashyira igitutu ku mico gakondo, gakondo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/692312/mali-hotel-shooting-hotel-la-falaise-in-bandiagara-islamist-attack/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-28 |archive-date=2018-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192018/https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/692312/mali-hotel-shooting-hotel-la-falaise-in-bandiagara-islamist-attack |url-status=dead }}</ref> Byongeye kandi, ''Ikinyamakuru The Independent'' kivuga ko gusahura ibihangano bya kera byakwirakwiriye muri kariya gace, gafite polisi mbi. Mu rwego rwo rushinzwe pariki n'ubukerarugendo ruhamagarira abantu ikibazo cyo gusura ba mukerarugendo batagenzuwe, Ikigega cy’Urwibutso rw’isi cyashyizemo Escarpment ya Bandiagara muri World Monuments Watch 2004 . Mu 2005, WMF yatanze inkunga yatanzwe na Express Express y'Abanyamerika kuri Mission Culturelle de Bandiagara yo gutegura gahunda yo kuyobora. Usibye kurinda inyubako gakondo, gahunda yubuyobozi irasaba ko hajyaho iyubakwa rishya binyuze mu gushyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho w’inyubako, nk'izigenga iterambere rishya mu turere tw’amateka ku isi.<ref>https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/516</ref> Nyuma y'intambara yabaye mu 2012 ikabera muriki gihugu cya Mali,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_article/pg_38-45_bandiagara.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-28 |archive-date=2012-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322184540/http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_article/pg_38-45_bandiagara.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> uduce two hagati mu gihugu, harimo ikibaya cya Dogon na Escarpment ya Bandiagara, byarushijeho kuba bibi. Imitwe y'iterabwoba ikorera muri kariya gace, kandi ihohoterwa hagati y'amoko yaho riba buri munsi. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2018, uyu mwanya w'ubukerarugendo ntago byemewe cyane kujya muri kariya gace mu bukerarugendo, kandi abashinzwe umutekano muri Mali bazwiho gusubiza inyuma abagerageza kubikora. Muri Werurwe 2018, umutwe witwaje intwaro wagabye igitero kuri hoteri yakundaga abakozi ba Loni mu mujyi wa Bandiagara, ihitana abantu benshi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2018 |title=Gunmen storm hotel in brutal attack – two dead |url=https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/692312/mali-hotel-shooting-hotel-la-falaise-in-bandiagara-islamist-attack |access-date=28 July 2025 |archive-date=8 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192018/https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/692312/mali-hotel-shooting-hotel-la-falaise-in-bandiagara-islamist-attack |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} bkdvrrnccztililu4rqch64h1tol8i4 Cyrene, Libiya 0 20282 137768 123852 2026-09-15T17:09:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cyrene''', yiswe '''Kyrene''', yari ubukoloni bwa kera bw'Abagereki n'umujyi w'Abaroma hafi ya Shahhat y'ubu mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Libiya]] muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru . Wari igice cya Pentapolis, itsinda ry'ingenzi ry'imijyi itanu yo mukarere, kandi ryahaye ako gace izina rya kera na kera rya Cyrenaica . Cyrene iryamye k'umusozi wa Jebel Akhdar. Ibisigazwa by'ubucukuzi bwa hegitari nyinshi kandi birimo insengero nyinshi zubatswe, stoas, theatre, ubwiherero, amatorero, hamwe n’amazu ya palasitike. Umujyi ukikijwe na Necropolis ya Cyrene. Kuva mu 1982, ni Umurage w’isi wa UNESCO . Icyambu cy'umujyi cyari Apolloniya (Marsa Sousa), giherereye nko mu {{Convert|10|mi|km|order=flip}} mu majyaruguru. Uyu mujyi witiriwe Apollo na etymom w'icyamamare, Cyrene n'Abagereki ubwabo ariko birashoboka ko byakoronijwe n'abimukira baturutse I Thera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya karindwi mbere ya Yesu. Mu mizo ya mbere yategekwaga n'ingoma y'abami yitwa Battiads, bakize kandi bakomeye bitewe n'imivumba yagiye ikurikirana y'abinjira n'abasohoka no kohereza amafarashi na silifium, n'ibihingwa by’imiti. Mu kinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Yesu, bari bamaze kwagura indi mijyi ya Cyrenaica. Yabaye icyicaro cya cyrenaics, ishuri rya filozofiya mu kinyejana cya kane mbere ya Yesu, ryashinzwe na Aristippus, umwigishwa wa Sokalate . Mu gihe cy'Abagiriki, umujyi wasimburanaga hagati yo kuba mu [[Misiri]] ya Ptolémée n'umurwa mukuru w'ubwami bwigenga. Wari kandi ihuriro rikomeye [[Kiyahudi (Judaism)|ry'Abayahudi]] . Mu mwaka wa 96 mbere ya Yesu, yanyuze muri repubulika y'abaroma ihinduka igice cy'intara ya kirete na cyrenaica. Umujyi washenywe n’abarwanyi b'Abayahudi mu mwaka wa 115 nyuma ya Yesu mu gihe cyo kwigomeka kw'abadiaspola, kandi wubatswe buhoro mu kinyejana cyakurikiyeho. Umutingito wabaye mu 262 na 365 washenye umujyi, ariko gutura bimwe byakomeje mu gihe cya mbere cya Byzantine ndetse n’abayisilamu bigarurira Maghreb mu 642, nyuma y’aho hantu haratereranwa kugeza hashyizweho ikigo cya gisirikare cy’[[Ubutaliyani]] kuri icyo kibanza mu 1913. Ubucukuzi burakomeje kuva icyo gihe.<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/galleries/21-World-Heritage-Sites-you-have-probably-never-heard-of/</ref> == Amateka == Abantu babaye muri Cyrenaica kuva muri Palaeolithic. hariho ibimenyetso bimwe byo gutura mu buvumo buri munsi ya Acropolis ishobora kubanziriza gutura mu [[Ubugereki|Bugereki]]. Birashoboka koabanya Mino na Mycenaeans basuye Cyrene mu gihe cya Bronze, kubera ko iri mu nzira yoroshye yo mu nyanja iva muri Aegean yerekeza muri Egiputa, ariko ibimenyetso byonyine bya kera byerekana ko ibyo ari ibintu bitandukanye byavumbuwe ku gicaniro gito cya Minoan hamwe n'ikidodo cya Minoan, gishobora kuba cyarazanywe nyuma. === Urufatiro === Umugani w'Abagereki wanditswe bwa mbere na Pindar mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Yesu uvuga ko imana Apollo yakunze umuhigi Cyrene ikamuzana muri Libiya, ari naho yabyariye umuhungu Aristaeus.Imigenzo y’amateka y’Abagereki, yavuzwe mu ''mateka'' ya Herodote no mu kinyejana cya kane mbere ya Yesu yabonetse I Cyrene, ivuga ko itsinda ry’Abagereki ba Cretan, birukanwe muri Sparta maze batura ku kirwa cya Thera, bashinze Cyrene mu mwaka wa 631 mbere ya Yesu, bayobowe na Battus wa mbere, babisabwe na Oracle ya Delphi. Imigenzo imwe n'imwe ivuga ko abimukira bavuye IThera kubera inzara, abandi kubera intambara y'abenegihugu. benshi bavuga ko abakoloni babanje gutura ku kirwa cya Aziris (iburasirazuba bwa Derna ) mbere yo kwimukira I Cyrene.Amateka y'izi nkuru ntashidikanywaho, cyane igitekerezo cy'uko Thera yari "umujyi wa nyina wa Cyrene" wenyine. Umubano n'indi mijyi, nka Sparta na Samos,uvugwa mu nkuru zifatizo, nturamenyekana. Ibimenyetso by'ubucukuzi bwakuwe muri icyo kibanza, cyane cyane ibisigazwa by’ubutaka, byemeza ko gutura mu Bugereki byatangiye hagati mu kinyejana cya karindwi mbere ya Yesu. Ububumbyi bwa mbere bukomoka kuri Thera, Sparta, na Samos, ariko na Rhodes . Agace ka mbere ko guturamo kari umusozi urambuye iburasirazuba kuva Acropolis kugera Agora, ariko umujyi wagutse vuba mu burasirazuba. Ubuturo bwera bwa Apollo mu majyaruguru ya Acropolis, I Demeter mu majyepfo, na Zewusi mu burasirazuba byose bisubira mu cya karindwi cyangwa icya gatandatu mbere ya Yesu. Ubucukuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bwerekana ko ahandi hantu henshi muri Cyrenaica, nka Apolloniya, Euesperides, na Taucheira byatuwe icyarimwe na Cyrene. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} # https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/galleries/21-World-Heritage-Sites-you-have-probably-never-heard-of/ fvmavq4gt757ml6ycn4fx291vb7tnot Adrar des Ifoghas 0 20283 137364 123406 2026-09-15T14:31:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137364 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adrar des Ifoghas ni''' Imisozi iherereye mu karere ka Kidal muri [[Mali]], igera muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] . Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 250.000 (kilometero kare 97.000).<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=Dz87AQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref> == Ubumenyi bw'isi == Agace ka Adrar des Ifoghas karangwa n'ubugari, butagaragara kandi bwuzuyemo ibimera byinshi bya granite bimwe muribyo bikaba byarangiritse. Ibibaya bya massif bifunguye mu kibaya cya Tamesna mu burasirazuba, kuri fosisi ya Telemsi mu burengerazuba, mu kibaya cy'iburengerazuba cy'ikibaya cya Azaouak mu majyepfo na Tanezrouft mu majyaruguru. Gutura muri kariya gace harimo Kidal, Aguel'hoc, Boghassa, Essouk na Tessalit . Adrar des Ifoghas izwi nka "Adagh". "Adrar" ni ijambo rya Berber risobanura umusozi, naho "Ifogha" ni izina rikomoka ku muryango wa Tuareg ukomeye, " Kel Ifoghas ", wiganje muri ako karere uko ibisekuruza byagiye bisimburana. Kimwe na Tuareg benshi, Kel Ifoghas abatuye kuruwo musozi abakaba bakunda korora [[ingamiya]], [[ihene]] n'intama kugirango bibatunge kandi bigurishwe. Aka gace gakungahaye ku murage wi bisigazwa bya kera, cyane cyane ibishushanyo byerekana amabuye agaragaza abagabo bahiga, ubuhinzi n'ubworozi bw'inka. Igikanka cyumugabo wa Asselar ( BP) nacyo cyabonetse muri ako gace na Wladimir Besnard na Théodore Monod . Adrar des Ifoghas nayo yamenyekanye cyane murugendo . == Imisigiti ya Adrar des Ifoghas == Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Patrice Cressier bigaragaza kandi bigatanga ubumenyi ku bijyanye n’imyubakire n’umuco by’imisigiti ine yo muri Adrar des Ifoghas, mu majyaruguru ya Gao na Agadez. Umusigiti wa Tefis, ushobora kuba warubatswe ahagana mu 1480, wari ufite icyanya kinini mu kigo cyera cya oval kandi wari wanditsweho n’amagambo mato mato yo mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatanu. Undi musigiti uzwi cyane mu mujyi wa In-Teduq, washinzwe ahagana mu 1430 na ʿUthman al-Mawhub bin Iflawas, wari ufite inyubako nkuru igabanyijemo inzira eshatu zahujwe na qibla. Kubwamahirwe, yarimbuwe nubukazi hagati yikinyejana cya cumi na gatandatu.<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=Dz87AQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref> Umusigiti wa Shi-n Wasagharan, waranzwe n'inzira ebyiri zisa na Qibla, guhera mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatandatu, zishingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika byatanzwe na necropolises hafi. Hagati aho, umusigiti wa Es-Suk, uherereye mu mujyi wa Tadmekka rw'agati rwagati, wari ufite salle y'urukiramende ipima metero 23.5 na metero 15.5 kandi igabanyijemo inzira eshanu zisa na qibla.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/10/world/africa/new-focus-in-mali-is-finding-militants-who-have-fled-into-mountains.html</ref> == Amateka ya vuba == Mu 2013, ibibaya binini byahindutse ubuhungiro ku barwanyi ba kisilamu bahunga ubutabazi bw’Abafaransa mu ntambara yo muri Mali . Ku ya 22 Gashyantare, intambara yabereye muri Adrar des Ifoghas, ihitana Abanyakadani 25, barimo Abdel Aziz Hassane Adam, barimo umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo zidasanzwe za Tchad muri Mali, hamwe n’abayisilamu 93. Ku ya 12 Werurwe, intambara yabereye mu mudugudu wa Tigharghar, ihitana umusirikare umwe wa Tchad n'Abayisilamu 6. Intambara yatumye Abanyakadiyani bafata umudugudu.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/10/world/africa/new-focus-in-mali-is-finding-militants-who-have-fled-into-mountains.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 46k5toemo9zct0og9udu2fa9bglo3kd Ikibaya cya Batéké 0 20287 137576 134540 2026-09-15T16:08:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikibaya cya Batéké''' giherereye hafi y'umupaka uhuza [[Kongo|Repubulika ya Kongo]] na [[Gabon]] . Mu bihugu byombi yahaye izina amashami:<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Bateke-Plateau</ref> * Ishami rya Plateaux mu Ntara ya Haut-Ogooué, Gabon * Ishami rya Plateaux, n'igice cyo murwego rwa mbere muri [[Kongo|congo]] . ikibaya cya Bateke gifite ubuso bwa bugera hagati ya metero 550 na 830, kandi kikaba gikungahaye kuri manganese . Ikibaya cya Bateke ni agace ka kera k'ibirunga.<ref>https://whc.unesco.org/fr/listesindicatives/6592/</ref> Imigezi nyinshi inyura muri ako gace, harimo uruzi rwa Niari, rutemba muri Kongo, Ogooue, Mpassa, [[Ndjoumou River|Ndjoumou]], Lekabi na [[Lekey River|Lekey Inzuzi]] zitemba muri Gabon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazinggabon.com/fr/les-parcs-nationaux-du-gabon/les-plateaux-bateke/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-29 |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015184125/https://www.amazinggabon.com/fr/les-parcs-nationaux-du-gabon/les-plateaux-bateke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Parike y'igihugu ya Batéké * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) muri ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' iyobowe na Ministère de l'Uburezi Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Pg 10–13. Paris, Ubufaransa: Edicef. * Petringa, Mariya. ''Brazza, Ubuzima bwa Afrika'' . Bloomington, IN: Umwanditsi w'inzu, 2006. . Dondora Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku kibaya cy'uruzi rwa Ogoué.<ref>https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/dr-congo-bateke-fuelwood-and-timber-plantation</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} c7mm9mm1scncocewrk73qqybeuuqtj8 Dominique Habimana 0 20335 137789 123621 2026-09-15T18:13:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[HABIMANA DOMINIQUE]] to [[Dominique Habimana]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 123621 wikitext text/x-wiki * '''Habimana Dominique''' Yagizwe mininsitiri w'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu kuwa 24 Nyakanga 2025 Asimbuye muri izo Nshingano Dr Mugenzi Patrce * Dominoque wagizwe minisiriti ni umwe mu bayobozi bafite ibigwi bikomeye mu miyoborere no mu nzengo mpuzamahanga zita ku iterambere * Amashuri yize [https://www.minaloc.gov.rw/news-detail/dominique-habimana-assumes-office-as-new-minister-of-local-government-from-dr-mugenzi] == Amashuri yize == Bachelors mu Mibereho y'abaturage (Social Science ) yakuye muri ULK Kigali Masters Degree mu iterambere (Development Studie) yakuye muri ULK Kigali Masters Degree mu gukemura ibibazo by'abaturage. Yakuye muri Geneva Graduate Institute == Ahandi yakoze == GIZ Rwanda Icyiko cy'abasuwisi gishinzwe iterambere SDC Yayoboye RALGA [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/17431/news/rwanda/who-is-dominique-habimana-the-new-ralga-secretary-general] == Ibindi == Umuhanzi mu Ndirimbo zo kuramya no guhimabaza imana n'Umu Kiristu w'itorero rya AEBR ise ni Pasteri muri iryo torero Yayoboye chorale Seraphim Melodies ari n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo [https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ni-umuramyi-nimpuguke-mu-miyoborere-ibyihariye-kuri-dominique-habimana-wagizwe-minisitiri-wubutegetsi-bwigihugu-1753428212479] == References == https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ni-umuramyi-nimpuguke-mu-miyoborere-ibyihariye-kuri-dominique-habimana-wagizwe-minisitiri-wubutegetsi-bwigihugu-1753428212479 https://www.google.com/search?q=ralga+habimana+dominique&oq=ralga+habimana+dominique&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQRRhAMgcIAhAAGO8FMgcIAxAAGO8FMgcIBBAAGO8FMgoIBRAAGIAEGKIEMgcIBhAAGO8F0gEIODM3M2owajSoAgCwAgE&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ni-umuramyi-nimpuguke-mu-miyoborere-ibyihariye-kuri-dominique-habimana-wagizwe-minisitiri-wubutegetsi-bwigihugu-1753428212479 rdm2j4sa4i0lvse69pgap823qasi6b9 Indoto 0 20374 137615 123900 2026-09-15T16:45:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Indoto''' ni filimi y'uruhererekane ivuga ku musore warangije amashuri yisumbuye ushakisha akazi akabeshywa n'inshuti ye yaje asanga i [[Kigali]]. Nyuma yaje kubura iyo nshuti biba ngombwa ko ajya gushaka akazi k'izamu..<ref>[https://rwandamagazine.com/imyidagaduro/article/indoto-indi-serie-ifite-inkuru-iryoshye-uzajya-ukurikira-kuri-rtv ’Indoto’ , indi ’Serie’ ifite inkuru iryoshye uzajya ukurikira kuri RTV > Rwanda Magazine]</ref> Iyi filimi yakozwe na Wilson Misago.<ref>[[imdbtitle:32102461|Indoto (TV Series 2020– ) - IMDb]]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} deoq91gl1ljicjdwgap9zteplttyey9 Hurts harder 0 20376 137601 124043 2026-09-15T16:43:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137601 wikitext text/x-wiki Hurts Harder ni filimi y'uruhererekane igaragaza umukobwa w'imyaka 28 witwa Kate uba utarigeze agira amahirwe mu rukundo, gusa agakomeza kugira ikizere ko azabona uwo bahuza. <ref>https://www.canalplus.com/rw/series/hurts-harder/h/29355880_50680</ref> akisanga murukundo rw'iyakure ku ikoranabuhanga akundana n'umugabo witwa Tate amubwira ko ari umunyamahanga bagakundana imyaka ibiri nta kubonana, akazasanga Tate afite amabanga menshi yaramwoherezaga amafoto atari aye kuko we ari umusore ufite uruhara umeze nkabasaza <ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt37740640/</ref> w'umushumba atarigeze ajya mu mahanga. Iyi film inyuzwa kuri zacu Tv, yanditswe inayoborwa na Mizero Yves Wayeem ikaba umushinga wa Nelly Wilson MISAGO usanzwe mu mwuga wo kuyobora no gutunganya film nyarwanda. <ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/202507230399.html Rwanda: 'Hurts Harder' - When Online Love Impersonation Ruins Kate's Last Hope - allAfrica.com]</ref> == Abakinnyi == Shemaryimanzi dwane Emmy (Tate) Vanessa Irakoze (kate) Iradukunda Nadine (Sasha) Angello Shami ( Fake Tate) == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} d7hqokbqy9578e5qdom1dkr5wqumggu Ubuhanzi art rwanda 0 20380 137402 126841 2026-09-15T14:44:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137402 wikitext text/x-wiki ubuhanzi art rwanda batanze ibihembo kubaribitabiriye amarushanywa ya all star edition bahembaga babiri batsinze muri burikiciro kuwatsinze bamuhaga million icumi agasobanura neza umushinga we bakayamuha akajya kwiteza imbere byagaragayeko byafashije urubyiruko cyane mukwiteza imbere<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/29233/entertainment/art/art-rwanda-ubuhanzi-all-stars-contest-who-are-the-winners</ref>,kandi byagaragaye yuko urubyiruko rubonye abaterankunga bo kurufasha bakora cyane kandi neza,mwijambo babahaye nabo barabigaragaje mubitekerezo batanze imbere y'abayobozi bakuriye ubuhanzi art rwanda. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} e56bp5ji0d27cctump1ibhsvzbqkbby Urusaro International Women Film Festival 0 20386 137659 123895 2026-09-15T16:50:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urusaro International Women Film Festival''' ni festival ngarukamwaka<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/iserukiramuco-rya-filime-urusaro-international-women-film-festival-ryasojwe</ref> yashinzwe muri 2015 ikomotse kuri Cinefemmes Rwanda <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/169899/News/cinfemmes-and-the-rise-of-female-film-makers</ref> igamije kuzamura ireme rya film mu [[Rwanda]] zikorwa n'Abali n'Abategarugoli ikaba yarashinzwe na Jackline Murekeyisoni chairperson, founder wa Cinefemmes Rwanda <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/17288/entertainment/cinema/urusaro-film-festival-returns-celebrates-women-in-cinema</ref> [[Floriane Kaneza]] yayibereye umuyobozi mukuru (director) kuva 2019 kugeza 2021. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/169899/News/cinfemmes-and-the-rise-of-female-film-makers</ref> == Ibihembo == Mu Mwaka wa 2024, Urusaro International Women Film Festival imaze kugira ibyiciro by'ibihembo bikurikira:<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/1399/entertainment/cinema/over-20-films-selected-for-2022-urusaro-international-womens-film-festival</ref> * National Short Fiction * National Documentary * East African Short Fiction * East African Documentary * African Short Fiction * African Documentary * African Feature Fiction. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} dxijfub8jei5y615ofpas5oykyyr26o Mukasekuru Hadidja 0 20395 137365 126588 2026-09-15T14:31:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137365 wikitext text/x-wiki Mukasekuru Hadidja wamamaye cyane nka Fabiola ni Umunyarwandakazi w'umukinnyi wa filme wabigize umwuga, akabifatanya n'umwuga wo guteka ndetse akaba n'umubyeyi, Aho yatangiye kumenyekana kuva muri 2010. {| |+'''Mukasekuru Hadidja Fabiola''' ! colspan="2" | |- !Born !Mukasekuru Hadidja |- !Other names !Mukasekuru Fabiola |- !Nationality !Rwandan |- !Spouse !Ndoli Egide |- !children !3 |- !Notable work !Amarira y'Urukundo Urwobo rubi Ruganzu Inkovu series<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/kera-habayeho-filime-nyarwanda-zakanyujijeho-zitazibagirana#:~:text=Ni%20filime%20y'urukundo%20yamenyekanye%20cyane%20mu%20Rwanda.,Manzi%20%5BKayumba%20Vianney%5D%20na%20Fabiola%20%5BMukasekuru%20Hadidja%5D. https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/kera-habayeho-filime-nyarwanda-zakanyujijeho-zitazibagirana#:~:text=Ni%20filime%20y'urukundo%20yamenyekanye%20cyane%20mu%20Rwanda.,Manzi%20%5BKayumba%20Vianney%5D%20na%20Fabiola%20%5BMukasekuru%20Hadidja%5D.]</ref> |} Mukasekuru Hadidja Fabiola yakuze afite inzozi zo kumvikanisha ibitekerezo bye no kumenyekana ariko biciye mu kwandika ibitabo, mu nkuru mpimbano ndetse no mu guhanga imikino mbona-nkubone igamije kwigisha no guhugura imbaga rusange n'imibanire mu bantu, cyane ko kimwe mu bihangano bye ari nayo filme yanditse akanamenyekaniramo cyane "Amarira y'urukundo" yayanditse ashingiye ku nkuru mpamo y'ubuzima bwe bwite yanyuzemo.<ref name=":0">https://isimbi.rw/spip.php?article1559</ref> nubwo byagarutsweho cyane mu itangazamakuru ko Gukina filme z'urukundo aribyo byatumye atandukana n'umugabo we wa mbere, ariko Mukasekuru Fabiola yabihakanye yivuye inyuma ko we n'umugabo we batangiye kutumvikana kuva 2004 ari nacyo gihe bakoreye ubukwe. yagize ati: <small>''“Amakimbirane yacu yatangiye ntaranakina filimi kuko urugamba narutangiye mu mwaka wa 2004 ari na wo nashatsemo. Abatekerezaga ko mu gutandukana kwa Fabiola n’umugabo we ari Manzi wabigizemo uruhare si byo kuko uretse kuba Manzi yitonda ni n’umwana kuri njye, baramubeshyera rwose.”''</small> <ref>https://isimbi.rw/spip.php?article1559</ref> == Umwuga == Mukasekuru Fabiola yinjiye mu mwuga wa filme mu [[Rwanda]] muri 2010, Nyuma y'ubuzima bushaririye yarabayemo n'umugabo we wa mbere bimutera kubihimbamo inkuru, n'ubwo igitekerezo cya mbere yifuzaga ko iyo nkuru yayikoramo igitabo ariko ntibyakunda kubera ubushobozi ahubwo ahitamo kubikoramo filme<ref name=":0" /> "Amarira y'Urukundo" inkuru yavugaga k'umukobwa Fabiola wabanaga na Mukase akajya amuteranya na se umubyara ndetse umuryango we umwangira gukundana n'umungu Manzi ([[Kayumba Vianney]]) bari barakundanye kugeza ubwo abaye umusazi. ndetse kuva 2025 iyi filme Amarira y'Urukundo yongeye gusubukurwa mu gice cyayo cya 2 (season 2) ndetse abakinnyi bayo bimena Manzi na Fabiola bakazaba aribo bayoboye inkuru yayo nanone n'ubwo bongereyemo abandi bakinnyi bashya<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/manzi-na-fabiola-bongeye-guhurira-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yakunzwe-mu</ref> Mukasekuru Fabiola warusanzwe amenyerewe no gukina role z'umukobwa uhohoterwa, umukobwa witotonda, umukobwa mwiza cyane nko muri film yakomerejeho nyuma y'Amarira y'urukundo arizo zirimo nka Ruganzu, urwobo rubi, Muri 2016 Mukasekuru Fabiola yongera gushyira hanze indi filme yanditse yise "Ubugome" yavugaga ku mukobwa witwa Marita wahuye n’ibibazo byinshi aharanira kurengera ubuzima bw'umusore yakundaga bwari mu kaga nyamara aza gusanga uwo yifurizaga ibyiza niwe uri inyuma y’ububabare bwose acamo<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/filime-70102</ref> ni filme yakoze ivugisha benshi cyane ko muri iyo filme yarahanganyemo na [[Daniel Gaga]] (Ngenzi) aribo bari bayoboye inkuru yabyo. Bituma afata icyemezo cyo kuba ahagaritse gukina filme abanza yihugiraho yiyitaho yita no ku muryango mushya yaramaze gushinga we na Ndoli Egide <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/mukasekuru-khadja-fabiola-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-n-umugabo-yam-69911</ref> 2024 wabaye umwaka wo kugaruka imbere ya za camera yongera kugaragara muri film noneho mu isura nshya atakiri umukobwa ukina filme zibabaje gusa ahohoterwa ahubwo aza ariwe ukina ari umugome yinjirira kuri film y'uruhererekane "Inkovu Series" <ref>[https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/fabiola-wamamariye-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yasubiye-muri-sinema#:~:text=muri%20sinema%20%7C%20IGIHE-,Fabiola%20wamamariye%20muri%20filime%20%E2%80%9CAmarira%20y'urukundo%E2%80%9D%20yasubiye%20muri,bituma%20ajya%20kure%20ya%20sinema. https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/fabiola-wamamariye-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yasubiye-muri-sinema#:~:text=muri%20sinema%20%7C%20IGIHE-,Fabiola%20wamamariye%20muri%20filime%20%E2%80%9CAmarira%20y'urukundo%E2%80%9D%20yasubiye%20muri,bituma%20ajya%20kure%20ya%20sinema.]</ref> kuva ubwo Mukasekuru fabiola ari kugaragara muri filme nyinshi zica ku muyoboro wa youtube harimo why me, tears of love ariyo season ya 2 y'Amarira y'urukundo, The devil, My daughter, Imuzi n'izindi. Mukasekuru Fabiola ndetse mu myaka amaze mu mwuga wo gukora film no kuzikina akaba ari umukobwa wakunzwe kwigaragaza nk'umunyadushya, udatinya role yose bamuhaye ndetse akaba na fashion icon mu myambarire ye yaba mu marushanwa yagiye yitabira aho muri 2015 yegukanye ibihembo icy'umukinnyi w'umugore mwiza w'umwaka (best Actress of the year) umukinnyi mwiza mu bakinnyi ba filime za action (best actress in action)<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/Urukundo-rw-ibanga-hagati-y-abakinnyi-ba-filime-Fabiola-na-Eric#:~:text=Fabiola%20ni%20umubyeyi%20w'abana%20batatu%20bikaba%20bivugwa,ibihembo%20by'abakinnyi%20ba%20filime%20bya%20Rwanda%20Movie</ref> ndetse n'ibindi bikorwa byose bya sinema agaragaramo. == Ubuzima Bwite == Mukasekuru Fabiola kuva yakwinjira mu mwuga wo gukora no gukina filme yavuzweho inkuru nyinshi, harimo ko Umukinnyi Kayumba Vianney bakinannye yitwa Manzi muri filme "Amarira y'urukundo" ariwe wabaye intandaro yo gutandukana n'umugabo we wa mbere, ariko Mukasekuru Fabiola yarabihakanye avuga ko bamubeshyera ndetse ari n'umwana kuri we n'ubwo bakinannye iby'urukundo ariko amuruta atatinyuka gukundana na we<ref>https://isimbi.rw/spip.php?article1559</ref> nyuma ya Manzi haje guhwihwiswa inkuru nyinshi z'urukundo rw'ibanga rwari hagati ye na Eric Rutabayiro uzwi nka Pablo, aho muri 2015 nyuma yo gutangariza mu bihembo bya Rwanda Movie awards ko yatandukanye n'umugabo we wa mbere babyaranye abana ba 3, gusa nabyo aza kubihakana ndetse na Pablo arabihakana.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/Urukundo-rw-ibanga-hagati-y-abakinnyi-ba-filime-Fabiola-na-Eric#:~:text=Fabiola%20ni%20umubyeyi%20w'abana%20batatu%20bikaba%20bivugwa,ibihembo%20by'abakinnyi%20ba%20filime%20bya%20Rwanda%20Movie</ref> 2016 yaje kwerekana umukunzi mushya Ndoli Egide ndetse udafite ikibazo na kimwe ku kuba akina filme ndetse anasobanura ko ntacyo nka we bimutwaye kuba yaramukunze afite abana yabyaranye n'umugabo we wa 1 yagize ati: ''<small>”Nta pfunwe bizantera kuko nanjye nkunda abana. Naho ijambo namubwira ubu n’uko mukunda.”</small>'' <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/mukasekuru-khadja-fabiola-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-n-umugabo-yam-69911</ref> Nyuma yo gukora no gukina filme Mukasekuru Hadidja Fabiola ajya akora imirimo ijyanye no guteka atekera abakoresheje ibirori , ubukwe, n’ibindi bitandukanye.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/fabiola-wamamariye-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yasubiye-muri-sinema#:~:text=muri%20sinema%20%7C%20IGIHE-,Fabiola%20wamamariye%20muri%20filime%20%E2%80%9CAmarira%20y'urukundo%E2%80%9D%20yasubiye%20muri,bituma%20ajya%20kure%20ya%20sinema. https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/fabiola-wamamariye-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yasubiye-muri-sinema#:~:text=muri%20sinema%20%7C%20IGIHE-,Fabiola%20wamamariye%20muri%20filime%20%E2%80%9CAmarira%20y'urukundo%E2%80%9D%20yasubiye%20muri,bituma%20ajya%20kure%20ya%20sinema.]</ref> ndetse Mukasekuru yigeze yabaho Umuyobozi mu murenge wa Kinyinya ahagarariye Abashinzwe isuku mu mwaka wa 2017. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/fabiola-wizihiwe-no-kubona-akazi-mu-murenge-asanga-nubwo-ata-73200</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} c2lbl5wihg2oqskwsfkhjues5lz0km9 Jean Marie Vianney Safari 0 20412 137344 124058 2026-09-15T14:27:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137344 wikitext text/x-wiki J.M.V Safari ni umunyabugeni ukora ibishushanyo bimeze nk’ukuri kandi akaba umushushanyi w’amafoto no gukora ibibumbano. Ibihangano bye byagiye byerekanwa ahantu hatandukanye nka Kigali Arts Centre ndetse na Inshuti Art Centre.<ref name=":0">https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/rwandan-artist-takes-on-sculpting-1417728?utm</ref> == Umwuga Akora == Akora ibibumbano akoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo isemeti, ibyuma n’inkwi, byose abikoresha mu buryo butuma ibihangano bye bigira ishusho itangaje kandi nyayo. Akenshi, ibyo bibumbano bisa n’amafoto manini y’umukara n’umweru , ku buryo ubirebye ubona nk’aho ari amafoto yafashwe n’akamashini, nyamara ari ibibumbano bifite ubuhanga bukomeye.<ref name=":0" /> == Ni Muntu Ki == Safari aharanira kugaragaza ubuzima bwa muntu, amarangamutima ye, n’inkuru z’imibereho mu buryo bunoze kandi bufite ubusobanuro. Ibihangano bye ni uburyo bwo gutanga ubutumwa, kubungabunga umuco nyarwanda, no gutuma abantu batekereza ku buzima busanzwe babamo.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} <ref name=":0" /> 96l45yjbq66k7ylkqevczd23ewi2rzz 137349 137344 2026-09-15T14:28:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* Amashakiro */ 137349 wikitext text/x-wiki J.M.V Safari ni umunyabugeni ukora ibishushanyo bimeze nk’ukuri kandi akaba umushushanyi w’amafoto no gukora ibibumbano. Ibihangano bye byagiye byerekanwa ahantu hatandukanye nka Kigali Arts Centre ndetse na Inshuti Art Centre.<ref name=":0">https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/rwandan-artist-takes-on-sculpting-1417728?utm</ref> == Umwuga Akora == Akora ibibumbano akoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo isemeti, ibyuma n’inkwi, byose abikoresha mu buryo butuma ibihangano bye bigira ishusho itangaje kandi nyayo. Akenshi, ibyo bibumbano bisa n’amafoto manini y’umukara n’umweru , ku buryo ubirebye ubona nk’aho ari amafoto yafashwe n’akamashini, nyamara ari ibibumbano bifite ubuhanga bukomeye.<ref name=":0" /> == Ni Muntu Ki == Safari aharanira kugaragaza ubuzima bwa muntu, amarangamutima ye, n’inkuru z’imibereho mu buryo bunoze kandi bufite ubusobanuro. Ibihangano bye ni uburyo bwo gutanga ubutumwa, kubungabunga umuco nyarwanda, no gutuma abantu batekereza ku buzima busanzwe babamo.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} fqhbhba2xudec50x58dqwf4ecc3mukq The Dream filimi 0 20433 137310 124134 2026-09-15T14:23:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137310 wikitext text/x-wiki Abakinnyi ba filime bakomeye mu Rwanda, barimo Rukundo Arnold wamamaye muri sinema nka Shaffy, bagaragara muri filime “The Dream”, igaragaramo umukobwa wakunze umuhungu, akanga kumuvaho nyamara umuhungu atakimushaka.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/filime-nyarwanda-eshanu-zigezweho#:~:text=Urukundo%20rw%E2%80%99Inzitane%E2%80%99%20n%E2%80%99abandi.-,%E2%80%9CThe%20Dream%E2%80%9D,-Abakinnyi%20ba%20filime</ref> Mugwaneza Abdul ushinzwe kumenyekanisha iyi filime, yabwiye IGIHE ko igitekerezo cyayo cyaturutse ku buzima abantu banyuramo cyane cyane abakundana, aho umwe ashobora kunaniza undi ashaka ko amuvaho ariko ntave ku izima. Mugwaneza watangiye Sinema mu 2012 yanyuze muri filime zitandukanye zirimo ‘Amarira y’Urukundo’, ‘Inzozi Mbi’ na ‘Isi Ntisakaye’ Rukundo Arnold wamamaye muri sinema y’u Rwanda nka Shaffy, we yayishoyemo imari bamwe bazwi nka ‘Producer’.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-filime-the-dreams-ivuga-urukundo-rutuma-umuntu-yizirika-ku</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} hqyfhidbu83pke4dqwhzpzipytq8qpl Filime y'Ikarita y’Urupfu 0 20434 137445 124136 2026-09-15T15:05:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137445 wikitext text/x-wiki Iyi filime y’uruhererekane ifite inkuru ivuga ku mugabo washatse umugore afite undi mwana, ahageze wa mugore abyara undi mwana utari uw’uwo mugabo bashakanye. Uwo mugabo wari umukire, yaje kwitaba Imana, asiga araze imitungo ye umwana wa mbere. Nyuma yo gupfa, hatangiye intambara hagati y’abana na nyina washakaga kwigarurira iyo mitungo yose.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/mugwaneza-abdul-yasobanuye-isomo-riri-muri-filime-ikarita-yurupfu-yiganjemo-ibyamamare-154209</ref> Iyi filime yanditswe inayoborwa n’umusore witwa Mugwaneza Abdul ‘Cobby’. Uyu mugabo watangiye Sinema mu mwaka wa 2012, yagize uruhare muri filime zitandukanye zirimo ‘Amarira y’urukundo’, ‘Inzozi mbi’, ‘Isi Ntisakaye’ n’izindi. === Iyi filime igaragaramo bamwe mu bakinnyi bamenyerewe muri sinema Nyarwanda nka === * Nyirankotsa Scott * Kevine * Dangote * Sharon uzwi mu ‘Indaya y’Umutima’ * Rachel uzwi muri ‘My Father in Law’ * Sandrine wakinnye muri ‘Urukundo rw’Inzitane’ n’abandi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/filime-nyarwanda-eshanu-zigezweho#:~:text=yitabiraga%20Miss%20Rwanda.-,%E2%80%9CIkarita%20y%E2%80%99Urupfu%E2%80%9D,-Iyi%20filime%20y%E2%80%99uruhererekane</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} recplj5ffaepwb98fp0faxwbgm86vnk 137447 137445 2026-09-15T15:05:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 137447 wikitext text/x-wiki Iyi filime y’uruhererekane ifite inkuru ivuga ku mugabo washatse umugore afite undi mwana, ahageze wa mugore abyara undi mwana utari uw’uwo mugabo bashakanye. Uwo mugabo wari umukire, yaje kwitaba Imana, asiga araze imitungo ye umwana wa mbere. Nyuma yo gupfa, hatangiye intambara hagati y’abana na nyina washakaga kwigarurira iyo mitungo yose.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/mugwaneza-abdul-yasobanuye-isomo-riri-muri-filime-ikarita-yurupfu-yiganjemo-ibyamamare-154209</ref> Iyi filime yanditswe inayoborwa n’umusore witwa Mugwaneza Abdul ‘Cobby’. Uyu mugabo watangiye Sinema mu mwaka wa 2012, yagize uruhare muri filime zitandukanye zirimo ‘Amarira y’urukundo’, ‘Inzozi mbi’, ‘Isi Ntisakaye’ n’izindi. == Iyi filime igaragaramo bamwe mu bakinnyi bamenyerewe muri sinema Nyarwanda nka == * Nyirankotsa Scott * Kevine * Dangote * Sharon uzwi mu ‘Indaya y’Umutima’ * Rachel uzwi muri ‘My Father in Law’ * Sandrine wakinnye muri ‘Urukundo rw’Inzitane’ n’abandi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/filime-nyarwanda-eshanu-zigezweho#:~:text=yitabiraga%20Miss%20Rwanda.-,%E2%80%9CIkarita%20y%E2%80%99Urupfu%E2%80%9D,-Iyi%20filime%20y%E2%80%99uruhererekane</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} hge13fod42zcb22xfsy91fm9n0dos68 Amatara, Kamera, Afurika! 0 20448 137446 130756 2026-09-15T15:05:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137446 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Amatara, Kamera, Afurika!''' Iserukiramuco rya firime riba buri mwaka i Lagos kuva 2011 kandi ryizihijwe kuva 30 Nzeri-2 Ukwakira 2011. Ibirori byashinzwe na Ugoma Adegoke. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdulkareem |first=Alithnayn |title=YNaija presents: The 100 most influential Nigerians in Film in 2019 |url=https://ynaija.com/ynaija-presents-the-100-most-influential-nigerians-in-film-in-2019/ |access-date=1 November 2019 |website=[[YNaija]]}}</ref> Yakiriwe na The Life House, yagaragaye muri Kamera, Afurika! yatewe inkunga na New York's [[Iserukiramuco rya Filime, Inc.|African Film Festival, Inc.]] ikora iminsi itatu, kuva 30 Nzeri - 2 Ukwakira 2011. == Iserukiramuco rya buri mwaka == {| {{Table}} !Edition !Dates !Venue !Theme !Films shown |- !1st |30 September – 2 October 2011<ref name="Aiki">{{Cite web |last=Aiki |first=Damilare |title=Experience African Cinema at the 'Lights, Camera, Africa!' Film Festival – 30th September to 2nd October 2011 |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/09/experience-cinematography-as-never-before-at-lights-camera-africa-film-festival-30th-september-to-2nd-october-2011/ |access-date=30 September 2011 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiki |first=Damilare |date=2011-09-30 |title=Experience African Cinema at the “Lights, Camera, Africa!” Film Festival – 30th September to 2nd October 2011 |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/09/experience-cinematography-as-never-before-at-lights-camera-africa-film-festival-30th-september-to-2nd-october-2011/ |access-date=2021-08-16 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |The Life House | |''A History of Independence''; ''AVA''; ''Burning in the Sun''; ''Clouds Over Conakry''; ''[[Cuba: An African Odyssey]]''; Epilogue''; ''One Small Step''; ''One Way Touareg''; [[Pumzi]]''; ''[[Sex, Okra and Salted Butter]]''; ''[[Soul Boy]]''; ''The Lunatic''; ''[[White Wedding (2009 film)|White Wedding]]; Ousmane'' |- !2nd |28 September – 1 October 2012<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africiné - Lights, Camera, AFRICA!!! (LCA) 2012 Film Festival |url=http://www.africine.org/evenement/lights-camera-africa-lca-2012-film-festival/28388 |access-date=2021-08-16 |website=Africiné |language=fr |archive-date=2024-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222232647/http://www.africine.org/evenement/lights-camera-africa-lca-2012-film-festival/28388 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |British Council, Southern Sun Hotel and Freedom Park |Shine Your Eye |''Big Man''; ''[[Call Me Kuchu]]''; ''Dr. Cruel''; ''Driving With Fanon''; ''[[Man on Ground]]''; ''Stadium Hotel''; ''Yoolé; Where Do I Stand; Saworoide; Our Beloved Sudan; NAIJ, A History of Nigeria'' |- !3rd |28 September – 1 October 2013<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-03 |title=Lights, Camera, Africa!!!! |url=https://wanawana.net/2013/09/03/lights-camera-africa/ |access-date=2021-08-16 |website=WanaWana |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816045621/https://wanawana.net/2013/09/03/lights-camera-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Wheatbaker, British Council, Southern Sun Hotel, and [[Freedom Park (Lagos)|Freedom Park]] |Great Migrations |''Alaskaland''; ''[[Black Africa White Marble]]''; ''[[Confusion Na Wa]]''; ''Congolese Dreams''; ''Creation in Exile: Five filmmakers in conversation''; ''Fela! in Lagos''; ''[[Fincho]]''; ''Footprints of my Other''; ''[[Fuelling Poverty]]''; ''[[Koukan Kourcia]]'' / ''The Cry of the Turtledoves''; ''[[La Pirogue]]''; ''The Marriage Factor''; ''[[Microphone (film)|Microphone]]''; ''Mugabe: Villain or Hero?''; ''[[Olu Amoda]]: A Metallic Journey''; ''[[An Oversimplification of Her Beauty]]''; ''The Pilot and the Passenger''; ''Pokou Ashanti Princess''; ''RasTa! A Soul's Journey''; ''Rolling Dollar: a Legend Unplugged''; ''[[The Stuart Hall Project]]'' |- !4th |26 September – 1 October 2014<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201409290680.html Africa: Big Brother Africa Reveals Hotshots], AllAfrica.com, 28 September 2014.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-07 |title=Lights. Camera. Africa! Lagos set for Life House film festival |url=https://www.thecable.ng/lights-camera-africa-lagos-set-for-life-house-film-festival |access-date=2021-08-16 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> |[[Federal Palace Hotel]] |Legacy |Over 30 movies from 14 countries, including: ''Oya, the Rise of the Orisha''; ''The Supreme Prize; Beleh; Boneshaker; Ududeagu; Legends of Madagascar; Kwaku Ananse; Onunaekwuluora: The Legacy of Professor Thurstan Shaw; B for Boy; Sexy Money; Aya of Yop City; Coz Ov Moni 2; [[October 1 (film)|October 1.]]'' |- !5th |30 September – 4 October 2015<ref>[https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/african-theatre-lights-camera-africa-film-festival-kicks-off-this-september/0fyylwc Lights, Camera Africa!!! film festival kicks off this September], pulse.ng, 7 September 2915.</ref> |[[Federal Palace Hotel]] |Future Forward |''The Art of Ama Aida Aidoo''; ''[[Beasts of the Southern Wild]]''; ''[[Black Africa White Marble]]''; ''Beat Girls''; ''The Curse of Medea''; ''[[Eighteam]]''; ''Faaji Agba''; ''[[Finding Fela]]''; ''Gone Too Far''; ''Horn Free Day''; ''Head Gone''; ''Henna''; ''The Legacy of Rubies''; ''Mr Adams''; ''Nollywood''; ''Olu Amoda: A Metallic Journey''; ''Once''; ''Prey''; ''[[Saworoide]]''; ''[[Sex, Okra and Salted Butter]]''; ''The Sim''; ''Sobukwe: A Great Soul''; ''Soko Sanko'' / ''The Market King''; ''[[Timbuktu (2014 film)|Timbuktu]]''; ''[[White Wedding (2009 film)|White Wedding]]'' |- !6th |30 September – 2 October 2016<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220125011510/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lights-camera-africa-23-films-selected-for-6th-edition-of-film-festival/201nbwy 23 films selected for 6th edition of film festival], pulse.ng, 23 September 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-07 |title=Lights Camera Africa Film Festival |url=https://guardian.ng/life/events/lights-camera-africa-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-08-16 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> |[[Federal Palace Hotel]] |Music Makes the People |''Akounak Tedalat Taha Tazoughi''; ''Anton''; ''Biodun Olaku: Nigerian Painter''; ''Cholo''; ''Destino''; ''Gidi Blues''; ''House Of Nwapa''; ''I Shot Bi Kidude''; ''In the Eye of the Spiral''; ''Intore'' / ''The Chosen''; ''Lagos: The Birth Of A City Of Style''; ''Miniyamba'' / ''Walking Blues''; ''No Good Turn''; ''[[New York, I Love You|New York I Love You]]''; ''Olive''; ''[https://africanfilmny.org/films/too-black-to-be-french/ Too Black to be French]?''; ''Towards Tenderness''; ''The Amazing Nina Simone''; ''The Other Side of the Atlantic''; ''The Return''; ''The Sense of Touch''; ''Tunde'' |- !7th |29 September – 1 October 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-09 |title=Lights Camera Africa!!! Film Festival In Pictures |url=https://guardian.ng/life/events/lights-camera-africa-film-festival-in-pictures/ |access-date=2021-08-16 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> |[[Federal Palace Hotel]] |Reset |''80''; ''Afia Attack''; ''The Aftermath of the Inauguration of the Public Toilet at Kilometer 375''; ''Akatakpo!!! The Legend of Tony Odili''; ''Bad Market''; ''[[Bariga Sugar]]''; ''Borders''; ''[[A Hotel Called Memory]]''; ''I Heard it Through The Grapevine''; ''[[Kalushi]]''; ''Kanye Kanye''; ''Madama Esther''; ''Omode Meta Nsere''; ''An Opera of the World''; ''A Place for Myself''; ''Shadeism: Digging Deeper''; ''[[Vaya (film)|Vaya]]'' |- !8th |28–30 September 2018<ref>[https://www.konbini.com/ng/cinema/5-films-from-lights-camera-africa 5 Films We Are Excited To See At This Year's Lights, Camera, Africa Film Festival], ''Konbini'', 28 September 2018</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-25 |title=Lights, Camera AFRICA!!! Presents 'Who Do You Think You Are' |url=https://guardian.ng/life/lights-camera-africa-presents-who-do-you-think-you-are/ |access-date=2021-08-16 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-04 |title=A Harvest of Firsts at LCA Film Festival |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/10/05/a-harvest-of-firsts-at-lca-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-08-16 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> |[[Muson Centre]] |Who Do You Think You Are? |''Agwaetiti Obiuto''; ''Asmat''; ''Baby Mamas''; ''Cafe of Dreams''; ''[[The Delivery Boy]]''; ''Granma''; ''Hidden Treasures''; ''Ignorance of Blood''; ''Iko Ndu''; ''Kasala!''; ''Lagos: The birth of a city of style 1861-1967''; ''Negritude: A Dialogue Between Wole Soyinka and Senghor''; ''The Lost Cafe''; ''Lucky''; ''Our Africa''; ''Sidi Ilujinie''; ''Town Crier''; ''U ME I''; ''Zerzura'' |- !9th |27–29 September 2019<ref>{{Cite web |last=read |first=News 1 min |date=2019-09-20 |title=Lights, Camera, AFRICA!!! Film Festival returns with "Tales By Moonlight" |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/lights-camera-africa-film-festival-returns-with-tales-by-moonlight/ |access-date=2021-08-16 |website=The Lagos Review |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-22 |title=6 reasons not to miss Lights Camera Africa!!! film festival 2019 |url=https://thisislagos.ng/6-reasons-not-to-miss-lights-camera-africa-film-festival-2019/ |access-date=2021-08-16 |website=This Is Lagos |language=en-US}}</ref> |[[Muson Centre]] |Tales By Moonlight |''About Love''; ''Call Me By My Name''; ''Company Yaya''; ''[[Daughters of Chibok]]''; ''A Gender''; ''[[A Kalabanda Ate My Homework]]''; ''Land of Gods''; ''[[My Friend Fela]]''; ''Ogbu-Oja Eze''; ''Orange City''; ''[[Ordinary Fellows]]''; ''The Lost Okoroshi''; ''Wall Flower''; ''Wrong Con; Awon Boyz; Damas Nwoko;'' |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 93aq43ptkh62fyocqfpkd3p1pc3eyer Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Nigeriya mbere ya 1970 0 20460 137580 124274 2026-09-15T16:23:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137580 wikitext text/x-wiki   rumwe mu '''urutonde rwa firime zo muri Nigeriya''' zasohotse mbere ya '''1970'''. == Igihe cyabakoloni == === Mu wa 1920 === {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="21%" |Umutwe ! width="16%" | Umuyobozi ! width="13%" | Ubwoko ! width="28%" | Inyandiko ! Réf |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1926''' |- | ''Palaver'' | Geoffrey Barkas | Amahirwe | Yamenyekanye nka firime ya mbere ya Nigeriya yerekana, kubera gukoresha abanya Nigeriya badafite umwuga nkabakinnyi | |} === mu wa1930 === {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="21%" |Umutwe ! width="16%" | Umuyobozi ! width="13%" | Ubwoko ! width="28%" | Inyandiko ! Réf |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1935''' |- | ''Umusenyi wo mu ruzi'' | Zoltán Korda | Amahirwe, Ikinamico | Filime yo mu Bwongereza yashyizwe mu bukoloni bwa Nijeriya | |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" |'''1937''' |- | ''Ubuyobozi Bukuru'' | Thorold Dickinson | Ikinamico | Filime yo mu Bwongereza yafatiwe muri Nigeriya y'Abakoloni | |} === Mu wa1940 === {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="21%" |Umutwe ! width="16%" | Umuyobozi ! width="13%" | Ubwoko ! width="28%" | Inyandiko ! Réf |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1945''' |- | ''Umugabo ukomoka muri Maroc'' | Mutz Greenbaum | Igikorwa, Adventure | Filime yo mu Bwongereza irimo umukinnyi wa Nigeriya Orlando Martins | |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" |'''1946''' |- | ''Abagabo b'isi ebyiri'' | Thorold Dickinson | Ikinamico | Filime yo mu Bwongereza irimo umukinnyi wa Nigeriya Orlando Martins (utemewe) | |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1947''' |- | ''Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo ya Niger'' | Urupapuro rwa Yohana | Inyandiko | Ubwongereza umukara-na-documentaire | |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1949''' |- | ''Umuseke muri Udi'' | Musenyeri Terry | Inyandiko | Ubwongereza umukara-na-documentaire<br /><br /><br /><br /> Uwatsindiye Oscar ya Documentaire nziza muri 1950 | |} === Mu wa 1950 === {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="21%" |Umutwe ! width="16%" | Umuyobozi ! width="13%" | Ubwoko ! width="28%" | Inyandiko ! Réf |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1956''' |- | ''Nijeriya Asuhuza Umwamikazi'' | Lionel Snazelle | Inyandiko | Filime ya mbere ya Nigeriya yerekanwe amashusho | |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1957''' |- | ''Fincho'' | Sam Zebba | Ikinamico | Filime ya mbere yo muri Nigeriya yafashwe amashusho yafashwe mu ibara | |- | ''Umudendezo'' | Intumwa ya Vernon | Ikinamico | Ikinamico yo muri Nigeriya yarashwe ibara | |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1958''' |- | ''Abantu nka Maria'' | Harry Watt | Inyandiko | Ubwongereza umukara-na-documentaire | |} == Igihe cya Repubulika == === Mu wa 1960 === {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="21%" |Umutwe ! width="16%" | Umuyobozi ! width="13%" | Ubwoko ! width="28%" | Inyandiko ! Réf |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1960''' |- | ''Iju'' | Lionel Snazelle | Inyandiko | Ubwongereza bwirabura-bwera documentaire <ref>{{Cite web |title=IJU &#124; colonialfilm |url=http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/1452}}</ref> | |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1966''' |- | ''Mpa igisubizo'' | David Schickele | Ikinamico | Gukorana na Amerika-Nigeriya umukara-na-umweru | |- | colspan="7" {{Year header}} style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9" | '''1969''' |- | ''Nigeriya imwe'' | Ola Balogun | Inyandiko | Nigeriya umukara-na-documentaire | |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} luhsw1sr7zh3eyocxq65z2zkn8xskw0 Isi Dutuye 0 20474 137678 124317 2026-09-15T16:52:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137678 wikitext text/x-wiki Isi dutuye ni imwe muri filime zikunzwe mu Rwanda, ikagaragaza kwaguka mu ishusho yayo. Iyi filime ikinamo Robert Mutabazi uzwi nka Mc Nario, Sarah Kampire ndetse na Sam ukina uzwi nka Paru Rukundo. Iyi filime igaruka ku buzima n’ibibazo biboneka mu mibanire y’abantu. Ikaba imaze kurebwa nabantu benshi kuri youtube ari naho ica.<ref>[https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/filime-nyarwanda-10-zikunzwe-kurusha-izindi-na-bimwe-mu-byamamare-bizikinamo-136697#:~:text=Isi%20dutuye%20ni,ku%20bihumbi%20181. https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/filime-nyarwanda-10-zikunzwe-kurusha-izindi-na-bimwe-mu-byamamare-bizikinamo-136697#:~:text=Isi%20dutuye%20ni,ku%20bihumbi%20181.]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ibgzi9etkcizqd4nwz6uqvjdaeljl4o Abuja Connection Film 0 20483 137679 126143 2026-09-15T16:52:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137679 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Abuja Connection''''' ni firime y'imirwano ya Nollywood yasohotse mu 2003 yakozwe na Michael Ezeanyaeche ikinwamo na bakinnyi bazwi cyane nka Clarion Chukwura-Abiola . Hariho ibindi bice bibiri, ''Abuja Guhuza 2'' na ''Abuja Guhuza 3'', byombi biyobowe na Adim Williams . == Umugambi == Iyi filime ishingiye ku kugaragaza urugamba rwo guharanira ubutegetsi, amafaranga n’uburyo kugira amasano akomeye i [[Abuja]], muri [[Nijeriya]], bishobora guca umurongo hagati yubukene nubutunzi. aho kugira imibanire ikomeye bishobora kuziba icyuho kiri hagati y'ubukene n'ubutunzi. Inkuru ivuga ku bahanganye babiri, Jennifer na Sophia, bahora mu rugamba rwo gutsinda, amaherezo bituma Sophia ashaka inzira nshya. Ivugwa ko ari filime y'imirwano. Ariko, Jennifer ari imbere cyane yumukino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Munachi |first=Chioma |date=2023-03-17 |title=I Watched the Nollywood Movie, “Abuja Connection,” So You Don’t Have To |url=https://www.zikoko.com/pop/so-you-dont-have-to/watched-the-nollywood-movie-abuja-connection-so-you-dont-have-to/ |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}</ref> atsinda [[Sofiya]]. Kubera ko Sophia yarambiwe agasuzuguro, yahisemo guhagarika guhangana no gushaka amafaranga n'imbaraga ahandi. Azabigeraho? Cyangwa amaherezo Jennifer yatsinze urugamba?[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Funmilayo_Ransome-Kuti.djvu] == Abakinnyi == * Ani - Peter * Clarion Chukwura-Abiola - Jennifer * Sandra Ejikeme - Eno * Eucharia Anunobi - Sofiya * Enebeli Elebuwa - Umusenateri * Ngozi Ezeonu - Umuganwakazi * Chidi Mokeme - Maxwell * Chioma Okoye - Agnes * Nneka Onyekwulujeikem - Joan * Tony Umole - Victor * Alex Lopez - Doris * Firenze Ogeleka - Rita * Jude Ezenwa - Olivier * Igitangaza Bob-Ekechukwu - Kate * Tony Goodman - Segun * Eliel Otote - Rubeni * Oby Edozieh - Karoli == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Nigeriya zo muri 2003 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} fl844ybc807q1p64mf87tsn82fs4rof Dusabimana apollos 0 20489 137493 124414 2026-09-15T15:49:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137493 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dusabimana''' '''Apollos''' yavutse 1977 ni umunyamabanga mukuru w'uruganda rwa cinema mu [[Rwanda]] mu rurimi rw' icyongereza (Rwanda filmi federation) ni umukozi w'amajwi n'amashusho akaba kandi yarabaye mu itangazamakuru ,yabaye umwe mubayobozi bashinzwe akanama ko gushyiraho urubuga rw'ubumwe bwa cinema muri afurika y'uburasirazuba. == Amateka == Apollos avukiye mu Rwanda [[Akarere ka Nyanza|AKarere ka Nyanza]] 13 mars 1977. Yatangiye gukora ibya cinema hashize imyaka 18 ,yatangiye gukora urugaga rwa cinema mu Rwanda(rwanda filim federation ) kuwa 15 Werurwe muri 2023 afatanije na bagenzi be<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/rwanda-film-federation-mu-biganza-byabayobozi-bashya-135584</ref>. Apollos yize muri Kaminuza ya gatolika ya Kabgayi :mucyongereza ([[Institut catholique de Kabgayi|Institut catholique de Kabgay]]<nowiki/>i) ndetse abona impamya bumenyi y'ikirenga mu gihugu cya [[Kenya]] muri kaminuza y'umusozi wa kenya: mucyongereza ([[Mount Kenya University]] ) <ref>https://topline.com/people/apollos-dusabimana-deeed6ad9e</ref> <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abakora-filime-mu-rwanda-beretswe-uburyo-basigasira-inyandiko-zabo-ziri-ku</ref>. Dusabimana Apollos ni umugabo arubatse afite umugore n'abana. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ojvkgswq3e6u8cxd6f724nfbpn179wu Umuganwa Sarah 0 20491 137602 124416 2026-09-15T16:43:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umuganwa Sarah''' '''y'''avutse mu 1992 ni umwe mu bagore bakina filimi mu [[Rwanda]] azwi cyane ku izina rya Mutoni akaba yaritabiriye ipiganwa ry'umukinnyi w'umugore wakunzwe kurusha abandi. == Imibereho ye == Umuganwa ni umunyarwanda wavukiye mu Gihugu cy'[[Ubugande]] mu 1992 . yaje kugarukana n'ababyeyi be mu Rwanda dore ko aho yavukiye hari mu buhungiro, bagarutse mu gihugu cyababyaye batura mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]] intara y'uburasirazuba,ariho Sarah yakuriye nubwo ubu atakihatuye asigaye aba mu mugi wa [[Kigali|Kigali.]] Sarah yatangiye umwuga wo gukina filimi muri 2014, aho yatangiriye muri filimi yitwa ndi umukirisitu yakinaga ku izina rya Celine ,bavugako iyi filimi yatangiriyeho ariyo yamuhesheje igihembo cy'umukinnyi mwiza, nyuma yaje no gukina izindi filimi nka Akataramagara, Seburikoko n'izindi. yavuzeko umushahara yakuye muri filimi ya Seburikoko wamufashije kwitezaimbere<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/umuganwa-sarah-uhatanira-umwanya-w-umukinnyi-wa-filime-w-umu-75742</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuganwa-sarah-wamamaye-nka-mutoni-muri-seburikoko-yakoze-ubukwe-amafoto</ref> == Amateka yihariye == Sarah ubu ni umugore wubatse ,yashakanye na Nkunzimana Issa kuwa 15 Nzeri 2019.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuganwa-sarah-wamamaye-nka-mutoni-muri-seburikoko-yakoze-ubukwe-amafoto</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/mutoni-wo-muri-seburikoko-yasabwe-mu-buryo-bwihariye</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} rzwlujaq3mp0xraymwvgymwi7og9yqm As Crazy As It Gets 0 20632 137345 124645 2026-09-15T14:27:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''As Crazy As It Gets''''' ni filime yakimwe muburyo bwa byandagusetsa ariko nanone yiganjemi urukundo rwo muri Nigeriya 2015 iyobowe na Shittu Taiwo ikinwamo na Omoni Oboli na Chuks Chyke mubikorwa byingenzi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwatobi |date=16 April 2015 |title=Omoni Oboli Stars In Soon To Be Released Film, As Crazy As It Gets |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2015/04/16/omoni-oboli/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527185804/http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2015/04/16/omoni-oboli/ |archive-date=27 May 2015 |access-date=2 September 2015 |publisher=Sodas and Popcorn}}</ref> Inshamake y'iyi filime shingiye kumugabo ugiye gusaba umukunzi we gahunda yuko bakwitegura kurushinga kuko umugorewe yari utwite cyane yerekanaga ku muryango we amusaba ko yakwita ku nshingano ze". == Abakinnyi == * Omoni Oboli nka Katherine * Chucks Chyke nka Ritchie * Aisha Tisham nka Nina * Oduen Apel as * Titi Joseph as * Mary Chukwu as * Tehilla Adiele as * Ajibade as == Umusaruro no kurekurwa == ''As Crazy As it Gets ni filimi'' yasohokeye kandi ifatirwa amashusho mu mujyi wa [[Abuja]], FCT . Yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Hoteli Sheraton, Abuja ku ya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Duru, Uche |date=6 May 2015 |title=Pictures: AY, Esther Audu, others at the premiere of "As Crazy As It Gets" |url=http://www.olisa.tv/2015/05/06/picturesayesther-audupremiere-as-crazy-gets/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120225806/http://www.olisa.tv/2015/05/06/picturesayesther-audupremiere-as-crazy-gets/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 |access-date=2 September 2015 |publisher=Olisa TV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Falade, Adeyemi |date=9 June 2015 |title='As Crazy As It Gets' Watch Omoni Oboli in Trailer |url=http://star.ng/as-crazy-as-it-gets-watch-omoni-oboli-in-trailer/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624192014/http://star.ng/as-crazy-as-it-gets-watch-omoni-oboli-in-trailer/ |archive-date=2015-06-24 |access-date=2 September 2015 |publisher=Star NG}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='As Crazy As It Gets' feat. Omoni Oboli and Chucks Chyke |url=http://www.makinmagazine.com/as-crazy-as-it-gets-feat-omoni-oboli-and-chucks-chyke/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120184658/http://www.makinmagazine.com/as-crazy-as-it-gets-feat-omoni-oboli-and-chucks-chyke/ |archive-date=20 November 2015 |access-date=2 September 2015 |publisher=Makin Magazine}}</ref> == Kwakira == Nollywood Reinvented yashyize ahagaragara filime 40%, ashima inkuru kuba "itandukanye", ariko anenga umugambi mubi ndetse no kutagira chimie hagati yabantu bombi bayobora. Yasoje igira iti: "... filime irashimishije kuko itandukanye. Omoni azana ubuzima bwinshi muri firime kandi umuyobozi wumugabo, Chucks Chyke, akora neza cyane kugiti cye nkumukinnyi. Ubu rwose hari akazi kagomba gukorwa hamwe nibisubizo yatanze kubandi bakinnyi bari murwego". <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2015 |title=As Crazy as it Gets |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/06/as-crazy-as-it-gets.html |access-date=2 September 2015 |publisher=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} hb4rk3sqk4qkyvbv43gpolzbzumky7b Bad Comments 0 20640 137680 124654 2026-09-15T16:52:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Bad Comments''''' ni film ya yakiniwe kandi inafatirwa amashusho mu gihugu cya Nigeriya 2021 ikinamo Jim Iyke ari nawe producer mukuru. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Jim Iyke's Debut Production "Bad Comments" Tackles Online Bullying |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/a%E2%88%9Ajim-iykes-debut-production-bad-comments-tackles-issue-of-online-bullying/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105060607/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/a%E2%88%9Ajim-iykes-debut-production-bad-comments-tackles-issue-of-online-bullying/ |archive-date=2021-11-05 |access-date=2021-11-02 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jim Iyke excites fans at bad comments' premiere |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/art/jim-iyke-excites-fans-at-bad-comments-premiere/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103100556/https://editor.guardian.ng/art/jim-iyke-excites-fans-at-bad-comments-premiere/ |archive-date=2021-11-03 |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> 2 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Jim Iyke Addresses Cyberbullying in New Movie 'Bad Comments' |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/09/15/jim-iyke-addresses-cyberbullying-in-new-movie-bad-comments/ |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref>​​​​​​​​ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Stephanie |date=2021-08-27 |title=Jim Iyke's 'Bad Comments' Movie to premiere in cinemas |url=https://von.gov.ng/2021/08/27/jim-iykes-bad-comments-movie-to-premiere-in-cinemas/ |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=Voice of Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Inyandiko == Iyi filime ishingiye ku ubuzima bwa Frank Orji, umukinnyi ufite umwuga ukomeye wo gukina wamamaye cyane nyuma yo gusohora amashusho yatunganijwe kumurongo. Ibi biganisha kumurongo kuri interineti ukoresheje troll kumurongo. Abifashijwemo na hacker, umuzamu we, n'umufasha we ku giti cye, ashobora gukurikirana izo troll no kubaha uburyohe bw'imiti yabo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Jim Iyke's Debut Production "Bad Comments" Tackles Online Bullying |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/a%E2%88%9Ajim-iykes-debut-production-bad-comments-tackles-issue-of-online-bullying/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105060607/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/film/a%E2%88%9Ajim-iykes-debut-production-bad-comments-tackles-issue-of-online-bullying/ |archive-date=2021-11-05 |access-date=2021-11-02 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Jim Iyke nka Frank Orji * Osas Ighodaro nka Hilda * Desmond Elliot nka Uche * Francis Duru nka nyirinzu * Emelda Bassey nka Amanda * Timaya nkigaragara rya Cameo * Okor Umukiza nka Hitman * Ini Edo nkigaragara rya Cameo * Anita Asuoha nkigaragara rya Cameo * Yomi Umukara nkumugenzi windege * Chiwetalu Agu nkumuntu mukuru * Ayo Makun nkigaragara rya Cameo * Ihangane Ozokwor nka Mama Frank * Sharon Ooja nka Tasha * Ruggedman nka Uwem * Ben Lugo Touitou nk'Abaroma * Udomboso John Abakiza nka Hakeem * Edward Chukwuma - Jiah nka Tornado * Renier Roets nka Mr Van Wijk * Talitan Van Wyk nka Madamu Van Wijk * Melvin Oduah nka Segun * Bassey Ekpo Bassey nkumunyamategeko wa Ahmed * John Tamuno nka MD * Byiringiro Daniels nkumuproducer wumuziki * Kilani Ubutabera nka Pasiteri * Vanessa Aneto nka Tessy * Chinenye Nnebe nka Sandra * Halvin Okonmah nka Hip Hip Guy * Eniola Cole nkuwiruka umukobwa * Akpan Nyaknno nka Nerdy Guy * Obioma Ofoegbu nkumushoferi urira * Impano Igah nkumugenzi urira * Abel Adama nkumunyeshuri * Bright Anyanwu nkumukinnyi * Tim Harmony nka Moruf * Doe Jnr. Otse nka Emeka * Ingufu Uloko nkumunyapolitiki * Akanji Olarinde nka Chop * Amina Atairu nkumunwa usukuye * Jewel Ike Obioha nkumunyamabanga == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Nigeriya zo muri 2021 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} qqcg7a28woo13l1glttfve49ii80alx Badamasi Film 0 20641 137366 124657 2026-09-15T14:31:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Badamasi: Igishushanyo cya Jenerali''''' ni filime ya biopic ivuga ku wahoze ari umukuru w’igihugu cya Nigeriya, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB). Yayobowe na Obi Emelonye ikina na Enyinna Nwigwe mu mwanya wa mbere nka Babangida. Niyo biopic ya mbere ya politiki ya <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kenechukwu |first=Stephen |date=2021-05-07 |title='Badamasi', film starring Enyinna Nwigwe as Babangida, to debut June 12 |url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/badamasi-film-starring-enyinna-nwigwe-as-babangida-to-debut-june-12/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507142635/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/badamasi-film-starring-enyinna-nwigwe-as-babangida-to-debut-june-12/ |archive-date=2021-05-07 |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-10-04 |title=Badamasi Trailer: First Look of Enyinna Nwigwe as Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida |url=https://culturecustodian.com/badamasi-trailer-first-look-of-enyinna-nwigwe-as-ibrahimi-babangida/ |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-US}}</ref> == Umugambi == ''Badamasi'' ni filimi igaragaza kandi ikavuga amateka ya Babangida kuva aho akomoka mu mudugudu wa Wushishi mu majyaruguru ya Nijeriya kugeza igihe yinjiye mu gisirikare ndetse n'igihe abereye umukuru w'igihugu cya Nigeriya. Irerekana kandi ibintu by'ingenzi byabaye mu buzima bwa Babangida harimo n'igihe cy'intambara yo muri Nijeriya aho Babangida yakomeretse agerageza gutabara mugenzi we. Ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bwakurikiyeho no gusesa amatora ya perezida yo muri Kamena 1993 nabwo bwerekanwe. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-10-04 |title=Badamasi Trailer: First Look of Enyinna Nwigwe as Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida |url=https://culturecustodian.com/badamasi-trailer-first-look-of-enyinna-nwigwe-as-ibrahimi-babangida/ |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOkechukwu2019">Okechukwu, Daniel (2019-10-04). [https://culturecustodian.com/badamasi-trailer-first-look-of-enyinna-nwigwe-as-ibrahimi-babangida/ "Badamasi Trailer: First Look of Enyinna Nwigwe as Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida"]. ''The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.)''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Adeyemi |first=Sola |date=2021-06-16 |title=Emelonye’s lens on Portrait of a General |url=https://guardian.ng/art/emelonyes-lens-on-portrait-of-a-general/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616142318/https://guardian.ng/art/emelonyes-lens-on-portrait-of-a-general/ |archive-date=2021-06-16 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Enyinna Nwigwe nka Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida * Charles Inojie nka Barrister Clement Akpamgo * Sani Danja nka Jenerali Sani Abacha * Yakubu Mohammed nka Prof. Jibril Aminu * Okey Bakassi nk'umuyobozi Arthur Nzeribe * Kalu Ikeagwu nka Porofeseri Humphrey Nwosu * Julius Agwu nka Porofeseri Chu Okongwu * Chris Ada nka Dr. Schaffhauser * Nnamdi Agbo nka Mohammed Babangida * Uche Nwozuzu nka Jenerali Ty Danjuma * Erick Didie nka Coloneli Buka Suka Dimka * Bako Abelo nkimyaka 14 Abdulsalami * Tony Aclet nka R. Admiral Augustus Aikhomu * Ajao Ayobami nka Aminu Babangida * Ademola Amoo nkamakuru yamakuru * Musa Kabir Ajimi nkabatoteza Ishuri == umusaruyo yagize nyuma yo gushyirwa Hanze == [[Abuja|Gutunganya]] ''Badamasi'' <ref name=":2" /> 2017 <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-05 |title=Obi Emelonye ready with IBB film, Badamasi |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/obi-emelonye-ready-with-ibb-film-badamasi/ |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref>​​​ <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kenechukwu |first=Stephen |date=2021-05-07 |title='Badamasi', film starring Enyinna Nwigwe as Babangida, to debut June 12 |url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/badamasi-film-starring-enyinna-nwigwe-as-babangida-to-debut-june-12/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507142635/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/badamasi-film-starring-enyinna-nwigwe-as-babangida-to-debut-june-12/ |archive-date=2021-05-07 |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKenechukwu2021">Kenechukwu, Stephen (2021-05-07). [http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/badamasi-film-starring-enyinna-nwigwe-as-babangida-to-debut-june-12/ "'Badamasi', film starring Enyinna Nwigwe as Babangida, to debut June 12"]. ''TheCable Lifestyle''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210507142635/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/badamasi-film-starring-enyinna-nwigwe-as-babangida-to-debut-june-12/ Archived] from the original on 2021-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Umuyobozi wa firime yabwiye ''Pulse Nigeria'' yavuze ko byamutwaye imyaka 4 kugirango yumvishe Babangida kumwemerera gukora biopic. Iyi filime yabanje kwishyurwa ku italiki ya 29 Ugushyingo 2019 ariko itinda gusohorwa kubera impamvuza politiki bivugwa ko barwanyaga ikwirakwizwa rya filime. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwogu |first=Precious |date=2021-05-07 |title='Badamasi' to premiere in cinemas |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/badamasi-to-premiere-in-cinemas/qqlk0z9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507121311/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/badamasi-to-premiere-in-cinemas/qqlk0z9 |archive-date=2021-05-07 |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Hari impungenge z’uko biopic ishobora kuba igerageza kwera inkuru ya Babangida kuko iseswa ry’amatora ya perezida yo muri Kamena 1993 ryatumye Babangida yamaganwa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-10-04 |title=Badamasi Trailer: First Look of Enyinna Nwigwe as Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida |url=https://culturecustodian.com/badamasi-trailer-first-look-of-enyinna-nwigwe-as-ibrahimi-babangida/ |access-date=2021-10-14 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOkechukwu2019">Okechukwu, Daniel (2019-10-04). [https://culturecustodian.com/badamasi-trailer-first-look-of-enyinna-nwigwe-as-ibrahimi-babangida/ "Badamasi Trailer: First Look of Enyinna Nwigwe as Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida"]. ''The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.)''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Shiloh Godson yakoresheje amajwi. Trailer <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shiloh Godson: Making Pleasurable Soundtracks in Nollywood – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/12/28/shiloh-godson-making-pleasurable-soundtracks-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> yasohotse <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Adeyemi |first=Sola |date=2021-06-16 |title=Emelonye’s lens on Portrait of a General |url=https://guardian.ng/art/emelonyes-lens-on-portrait-of-a-general/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616142318/https://guardian.ng/art/emelonyes-lens-on-portrait-of-a-general/ |archive-date=2021-06-16 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAdeyemi2021">Adeyemi, Sola (2021-06-16). [https://guardian.ng/art/emelonyes-lens-on-portrait-of-a-general/ "Emelonye's lens on Portrait of a General"]. ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210616142318/https://guardian.ng/art/emelonyes-lens-on-portrait-of-a-general/ Archived] from the original on 2021-06-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> ''2019'' . == Kwakira neza == Isuzuma rya ''The Guardian'' ryashimye iyi filime kuba yarakoze kandi yitaye ku makuru ya tekiniki avuga ko yakozwe ititaye kumiterere yaza filimi za Nollywood" kandi ko yari ajyanye n'izindi filime za Obi Emelonye zirimo ''Umutima 2 Umutima'', ''Indorerwamo y'umuhungu'', ''Indege iheruka yerekeza Abuja'' na ''Onye Ozi'' . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Adeyemi |first=Sola |date=2021-06-16 |title=Emelonye’s lens on Portrait of a General |url=https://guardian.ng/art/emelonyes-lens-on-portrait-of-a-general/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616142318/https://guardian.ng/art/emelonyes-lens-on-portrait-of-a-general/ |archive-date=2021-06-16 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAdeyemi2021">Adeyemi, Sola (2021-06-16). [https://guardian.ng/art/emelonyes-lens-on-portrait-of-a-general/ "Emelonye's lens on Portrait of a General"]. ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210616142318/https://guardian.ng/art/emelonyes-lens-on-portrait-of-a-general/ Archived] from the original on 2021-06-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> === ibihembo byahawe filimi === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Igihembo ! Icyiciro ! Uwakiriye ! Igisubizo ! Réf |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo bya Afrika Movie Academy | [[Igihembo cya Afurika Movie Academy Igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza mu nshingano zambere|Umukinnyi mwiza muri Pole iyobora]] | Enyinna Nwigwe|{{nom}} | rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-30 |title='Knuckle City', 'The Milkmaid' lead AMAA 2020 nominations [Full List] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/knuckle-city-the-milkmaid-lead-amaa-2020-nominations-full-list/kz7s4wj |access-date=2021-10-19 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> |- | Ingaruka Nziza Zigaragara | ''Badamasi''|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" | 2021 | rowspan="5" | Ibyiza bya Nollywood Awards | Umukinnyi mwiza mu mwanya wambere (Icyongereza) | Enyinna Nwigwe|{{nom}} | rowspan="5" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-12 |title=BON Awards unveils 2021 list of nominees - |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/bon-awards-unveils-2021-list-of-nominees/ |access-date=2021-10-19 |website=The Eagle Online |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Umukinnyi mwiza mu nshingano zunganira (Icyongereza) | Sani Danja|{{nom}} |- | Filime hamwe ningaruka nziza zidasanzwe | rowspan="3" | ''Badamasi''|{{nom}} |- | Filime hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyiza|{{nom}} |- | Filime hamwe na Sinema nziza|{{nom}} |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2pnc3t409cccldhmnk0h8xgu656g2g2 Indorerwamo 0 21269 137367 125900 2026-09-15T14:31:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137367 wikitext text/x-wiki = INDORERWAMO = Indorerwamo ni icyuma cyangwa igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ishusho y'abantu cyangwa ibintu. Indorerwamo ya mbere yageze mu Rwanda mu 1986,uruganda rwa mbere rwazitunganyije rwitwa Anik Industries.<ref name=":0">https://www.scribd.com/document/383181161/Understanding-Rwanda-Agribusiness-and-Manufacturing-Se?utm_source=chatgpt.com</ref> === Imikoreshereze y'indorerwamo === * Ahanini indorerwamo ikoreshwa mu gupima uko umuntu ameze,kwiyuhagira,cyangwa kwitegura. * Ishobora gukoreshwa kandi mu nzu, mu biro, mu maduka y'imideri cyangwa se ahandi hose abantu bakenera kwireba. * Mu rurimi rw'imvugo,"kumenya indorerwamo" bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo:kureba cyangwa kwisuzuma uko umeze cyangwa uko ibintu byifashe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ajkeoedinaeeakrfio894wgnqymq7kp 137371 137367 2026-09-15T14:36:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 137371 wikitext text/x-wiki = INDORERWAMO = Indorerwamo ni icyuma cyangwa igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ishusho y'abantu cyangwa ibintu. Indorerwamo ya mbere yageze mu Rwanda mu 1986,uruganda rwa mbere rwazitunganyije rwitwa Anik Industries.<ref name=":0">https://fr.scribd.com/document/383181161/Understanding-Rwanda-Agribusiness-and-Manufacturing-Se</ref> === Imikoreshereze y'indorerwamo === * Ahanini indorerwamo ikoreshwa mu gupima uko umuntu ameze,kwiyuhagira,cyangwa kwitegura. * Ishobora gukoreshwa kandi mu nzu, mu biro, mu maduka y'imideri cyangwa se ahandi hose abantu bakenera kwireba. * Mu rurimi rw'imvugo,"kumenya indorerwamo" bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo:kureba cyangwa kwisuzuma uko umeze cyangwa uko ibintu byifashe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} b13chj5bwajuxooz8aes9v8zlrq11d7 137372 137371 2026-09-15T14:36:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 137372 wikitext text/x-wiki Indorerwamo ni icyuma cyangwa igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ishusho y'abantu cyangwa ibintu. Indorerwamo ya mbere yageze mu Rwanda mu 1986,uruganda rwa mbere rwazitunganyije rwitwa Anik Industries.<ref name=":0">https://fr.scribd.com/document/383181161/Understanding-Rwanda-Agribusiness-and-Manufacturing-Se</ref> === Imikoreshereze y'indorerwamo === * Ahanini indorerwamo ikoreshwa mu gupima uko umuntu ameze,kwiyuhagira,cyangwa kwitegura. * Ishobora gukoreshwa kandi mu nzu, mu biro, mu maduka y'imideri cyangwa se ahandi hose abantu bakenera kwireba. * Mu rurimi rw'imvugo,"kumenya indorerwamo" bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo:kureba cyangwa kwisuzuma uko umeze cyangwa uko ibintu byifashe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2h5ak29xh5x62qdm3jaoqif3v0h0xds 137373 137372 2026-09-15T14:36:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 137373 wikitext text/x-wiki Indorerwamo ni icyuma cyangwa igikoresho gikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ishusho y'abantu cyangwa ibintu. Indorerwamo ya mbere yageze mu Rwanda mu 1986,uruganda rwa mbere rwazitunganyije rwitwa Anik Industries.<ref name=":0">https://fr.scribd.com/document/383181161/Understanding-Rwanda-Agribusiness-and-Manufacturing-Se</ref> == Imikoreshereze y'indorerwamo == * Ahanini indorerwamo ikoreshwa mu gupima uko umuntu ameze,kwiyuhagira,cyangwa kwitegura. * Ishobora gukoreshwa kandi mu nzu, mu biro, mu maduka y'imideri cyangwa se ahandi hose abantu bakenera kwireba. * Mu rurimi rw'imvugo,"kumenya indorerwamo" bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo:kureba cyangwa kwisuzuma uko umeze cyangwa uko ibintu byifashe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} m8lj3zicenys686zpck0qjy09926psy Akamaro ka mata 0 21507 137368 128111 2026-09-15T14:31:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137368 wikitext text/x-wiki umuganga wu wumuhanga mukuvura amagufwa frorence piquet,atanga inama yokwihata cyane ibikomoka kumata kuko bikungahaye<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/article/kunywa-amata-cyane-bigira-akamaro#:~:text=Kimwe%20no%20kurya%20ibirimo%20umunyu,akamungwa%20akavunika%20ku%20buryo%20bworoshye. https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/article/kunywa-amata-cyane-bigira-akamaro#:~:text=Kimwe%20no%20kurya%20ibirimo%20umunyu,akamungwa%20akavunika%20ku%20buryo%20bworoshye.]</ref> kunyungu ngugu (calcium) ituma amagufwa akomera kandi bikanayarinda korohera no kumungwa ngo abe avunika uko umuntu agenda akura.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/article/kunywa-amata-cyane-bigira-akamaro#:~:text=Kimwe%20no%20kurya%20ibirimo%20umunyu,akamungwa%20akavunika%20ku%20buryo%20bworoshye. https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/article/kunywa-amata-cyane-bigira-akamaro#:~:text=Kimwe%20no%20kurya%20ibirimo%20umunyu,akamungwa%20akavunika%20ku%20buryo%20bworoshye.]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 0g2pgu60c0gztsl4000fdrgyebueffy 137370 137368 2026-09-15T14:33:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 137370 wikitext text/x-wiki umuganga wu wumuhanga mukuvura amagufwa frorence piquet,atanga inama yokwihata cyane ibikomoka kumata kuko bikungahaye<ref name=":1">[https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/article/kunywa-amata-cyane-bigira-akamaro#:~:text=Kimwe%20no%20kurya%20ibirimo%20umunyu,akamungwa%20akavunika%20ku%20buryo%20bworoshye. https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/article/kunywa-amata-cyane-bigira-akamaro#:~:text=Kimwe%20no%20kurya%20ibirimo%20umunyu,akamungwa%20akavunika%20ku%20buryo%20bworoshye.]</ref> kunyungu ngugu (calcium) ituma amagufwa akomera kandi bikanayarinda korohera no kumungwa ngo abe avunika uko umuntu agenda akura.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 13um0imh2s2ybzcor50dismb5jhcai7 Motar FC 0 21542 137638 128165 2026-09-15T16:47:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137638 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Motar FC''' ni ikipe y'u[[Umupira w’amaguru|mupira w'amaguru]] mu [[Rwanda]] ,yashinzwe kandi inakinamo abakora umwuga wo gutwara abantu kuri za Moto, ibarizwa mu marushanwa y'icyiciro cya kabiri muri shampiyona itegurwa na [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]] Ni ikipe itozwa na Uwimana Abdul uzwi nka Gakara wahoze akina muri Rayon Sports . Perezida w’ikipe ya Motar FC akaba ari Habiryayo Aloys Patrick.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino/football/article/motar-fc-byinshi-ku-ikipe-y-abamotari-itozwa-na-uwimana-abdul-gakara</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/17446/sports/football/noah-kehinde-the-striker-who-spearheaded-motar-fc-to-second-tier</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino/football/article/motar-fc-mu-makipe-atatu-yazamutse-mu-cyiciro-cya-kabiri</ref> == Indi kipe == Motar FC ifite ikipe ya Karate y’abamotari yitwa WUSHU, ikorera kuri Club Rafiki, hari ikipe y’abagore, ikindi ni hari ikipe izajya ikina imikino yo gusiganwa kuri Moto. bafite icyiciro cy’abana bato, icyiciro cy’abakanyujijeho ndetse n’icyiciro cy’abakinnyi bakina mu cyiciro cya gatatu cya shampiyona y’ u Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/17241/sports/football/football-three-teams-secure-promotion-to-division-2</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikipe y'amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Umupira w’amaguru]] gz7y2u7zyfly4dzutbv2dx5sf4gvj7w Simon De Schutter 0 21576 137382 128231 2026-09-15T14:40:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137382 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Simon De Schutter''' ( afite Imyaka 36) ni [[Ububiligi|umubirig]]<nowiki/>i w'umunyarwanda akaba umuyobozi wa [[tour du Rwanda]], akaba ategura iri rushnwa kuva muri 2019, yarageze mu Rwanda kuva 2017, akabba ashizwe kwamamaza irushanwa ruzenguruka u [[Rwanda]] .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino/amagare/article/rwanda-epic-2025-abakinnyi-85-barimo-abanyarwanda-18-bagiye-kwitabira-isiganwa-ry-amagare-yo-mu-misozi</ref> == Umuyobozi == Simon De Schutter ni we washinze ndetse akaba ari n'umuyobozi wa sosiyete [[Rwanda Epic]], hamwe ni rushanwa rya magare rya Gorilla Gravel .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/tour-du-rwanda-2026-yatangijwe-mu-buryo-bwihariye-amafoto</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] 6ykcy43l7x532i4ural54vsmbrd4hth REG BBC 0 21599 137577 128269 2026-09-15T16:08:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137577 wikitext text/x-wiki '''REG BBC''' ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaboko ya basktaball ikina muri [[Rwanda Basketball League|shampiyona ya basketball yu Rwanda]] . REG BBC ikaba ishingiye ku cy'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amashanyarazi mu Rwanda, ikaba yaratwaye shampiyona myaka ya 2017, 2021 na 2022.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c93kvnv52jxo</ref><ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-womens-basketball-league-africa-2025/games/131257-REG-SPO</ref> == Amateka == REG BBC yashinzwe muri 2016, maze itwara igikombe cya mbere muri 2017, iza kwitabira amarushanwa y furika ya basketball muri 2018 na 2019.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/8993/video/bal-2023-press-conference-with-reg-bbc-head-coach-and-team-captain</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukino]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] c3k3i8kun14a8o1pw4ldt6u8k9mp3ki UGB BBC 0 21615 137448 128292 2026-09-15T15:14:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137448 wikitext text/x-wiki '''United Generations Basketball''' cyangwa se izwi kandi ku izina rya '''UGB''', yashizwe muri 1998 ni ikipe ikina ikoresheje a maboko ya Basketball y'abigize umwuga ibarizwa Kigali mu Rwanda . Iyi kipe ikina muri shampiyona ya maboko ya Basketball yitwa [[Rwanda Basketball League]] (RBL ), ibarizwa mu icyiciro cya mbere .<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/12/bk-basketball-league-patriots-reg-return-back-to-action/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/118187/Sports/guy-rutayisire-memorial-tournament-starts-today</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/01/patriots-bbc-registers-win-over-apr-bbc/</ref> == Amateka == UGB yashinzwe nitsinda ry'abantu batandukanye aho ndetse iyoborwa n'umuririrmbyi Bruce Melodie akaba numwe mubanyamigabane bayo kuva muri 2024. <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/04/rwanda-to-host-u-16-girls-and-boys-afrobasket-zone-v-games/</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/12/hoops-league-returns-tonight-with-thrilling-double-header/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukino]] [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] 2fsmjo5hyfq5q725lm3hb38kkkqiqhv Murenzi Abdallah 0 21705 137749 128469 2026-09-15T17:07:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Murenzi Abdallah''' ni umuyobozi w'ikipe ya [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon sprots fc]] akaba yarahoze ari umuyobozi wa federatiyo y'amagare mu Rwanda, ndetse ya yoboye [[akarere ka Nyanza]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/31524/sports/football/rayon-leadership-dissolved-as-murenzi-is-picked-to-lead-interim-team</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/31571/sports/football/whos-who-in-rayons-interim-leadership</ref> == Ubuzima == Murenzi Abdallah ni umugabo ubarizwa m'ubamusiramu, ufie umugore n'abana, ise nawe akaba yarakinnye mu ikipe ya rayon sprots fc.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/12/murenzi-abdallah-elected-cycling-federations-president/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/200231/Sports/abdallah-murenzi-elected-ferwacy-president</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] eyfr3r9c9oeo6g0ztib7fzrx6tf86vd Ufitimana Shadrack 0 21928 137510 128995 2026-09-15T15:52:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ufitimana Shadrack''' ni umukinnyi w'amagare w'abigize umwuga ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] ukinira ikipe y'igihugu, ndetse akaba yaratoranijwe ndetse agaragara akina mu [[Team Rwanda cycling|Team du Rwanda]] yo muri 2026.<ref>https://kinyamupira.com/article.php?slug=tour-du-rwanda-2026-patrick-byukusenge-yatwaye-amahoro-criterium-yateguraga-abakinnyi</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/ufitimana-shadrack-yegukanye-rwanda-junior-tour-2024-amafoto</ref> == Amarushanwa == Ufitimana shadrack yagaragaye akina amarushanwa mu atandukanye aho yatwaye irushanwa rya Rwanda Junior Tour mu mwaka wa 2024, akaba shadrack akinira ikipe ya Les Amis Sportifs yo Rwanda akaba yaratwaye irushanwa mu cyiciro cy’abatarengeje imyaka 23 mu irushanwa rya amahoro Criterium.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] q9pmkcgt3vxhx3mbgaigs19n647w7xm Nkurikiyinka Jackson 0 21931 137639 128998 2026-09-15T16:48:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137639 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nkurikiyinka Jackson''' '''Nkurikiyinka Jackson''' ni umukinnyi wa bigize umwuga mu igare akaba ari [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] ukina mu ikipe ya bato batarengee imyaka 19, akaba yarafashe nk'umukinnyi uzamuri myaka y'imikino yo muri 2025 kugeza 202.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/amagare/article/benediction-ibaye-ikipe-ya-mbere-mu-rwanda-yemewe-na-uci</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/ngendahayo-jeremie-na-ingabire-diane-begukanye-isiganwa-ryo-kwibuka29-amafoto</ref> == Amarushanwa == Nkurikiyinka Jackson akaba akinira ikipe ya Benediction Cycling Team ibarizwa i [[Rubavu]], mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda, Yatwaye irushanwa ry'ingimbi, ryitwa Rwanda Youth Racing Cup 2026 muri Sitage ya 2, ndetse na Heroes Cycling Race 2026 nabwo mu ngimbi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] 5al21p82gkhmkzrrlvgqjlge8aoempy Ntakirutimana Martha 0 22138 137541 129309 2026-09-15T15:56:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ntakirutimana Martha''' (yavutse kuya 22 mata 2004) ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] akaba ari umukinnnyi w'abigize umwuga mu [[Igare|magare]], wagiye ahatana mu bikombe bigiye bitandukanye mu Rwanda no hanze mu mahanga, akaba ari umukinnyi wa [[Ndabaga Cycling Team]] .<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/Nshutiraguma-Kevin-na-Ntakirutimana-Marthe-begukanye-Virunga-XCO-MTB-Series-Edition-2-Amafoto-Video</ref> == Amarushanwa == Ntakirutimana Marthe niwa wegukanye irushanwa ry'amagare aho basiganwa mu misozi mu bagore mu Rwanda, yabaye uwa mbere mu cyiciro cya kilometero 24, akoresha isaha imwe, iminota 19 n’amasegonda 36.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] 0fclh7t3z1lgm959s81bahw2hfq5u2e Iragena Charlotte 0 22140 137383 129315 2026-09-15T14:40:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iragena Charlotte''' ( yavutse 1 mutarama 2003 ) ni umukinyi w'abigize umwuga mu magare, akaba ari [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]], yatsinze amarushanwa atandukanye, akaba yaakiniye ikipe ya [[Bugesera Cycling Team]] mbere yo kwerekeza mu ikipe ya [[Ndabaga Cycling Team|Ndabaga Women Cycling Team]] .<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/Iragena-Charlotte-yashinje-Ikipe-y-Amagare-ya-Bugesera-kumwima-uburenganzira-bwe#:~:text=Iragena%20Charlotte%20yabaye%20uwa%20gatatu,ku%20wa%2018%20Ukwakira%202023. https://www.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/Iragena-Charlotte-yashinje-Ikipe-y-Amagare-ya-Bugesera-kumwima-uburenganzira-bwe#:~:text=Iragena%20Charlotte%20yabaye%20uwa%20gatatu,ku%20wa%2018%20Ukwakira%202023.]</ref> == Amarushanwa == Iragena Charlotte muri Kamena 2023, yabaye umukinnyi mwiza mu magare azakuba uwa gatatu muri Shampiyona y’Igihugu y’Amagare mu bagore, batarengeje imyaka 18 . kandi ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2023, yatwaye kandi Shampiyona y’Abatarengeje imyaka 17 yakinwe imbere mu gihugu cyu Rwanda .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] srn7qag8kidc7bl25o0gryzdyxifbzw Masengesho Yvonne 0 22141 137403 129316 2026-09-15T14:44:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masengesho Yvonne''' ni umukinnyi ukina umukino w'igareakaba ari umunyarwandakazi utanga icyizere mu batarengeje imyaka 19 mu kunyonga igare. Masengesho akaba akinira ikipe ya '''[[Ndabaga Cycling Team|Ndabaga Women Cycling Team]]'''. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref> == Ibigwi == Masengesho Yvonne yegukanye umwanya wa mbere mu ma rushanwa yo kwibuka n'igare ryo kwibuka kushuro ya 2025 mu cyiciro cy'abagore batarengeje imyaka 19. kandi yatwaye umudari wa zahabu mu isiganwa ryo gusiganwa n'igihe muri 2025 mu Rwanda. Muri 2025/2026 yegukanye isiganwa ry'intwari .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-nkundabera-eric-na-nyirarukundo-claudette-begukanye-musanze-challenge</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] o41rlrlixxeptbh8soj5vwjsqigtz4x 137404 137403 2026-09-15T14:44:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 137404 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masengesho Yvonne''' ni umukinnyi ukina umukino w'igareakaba ari umunyarwandakazi utanga icyizere mu batarengeje imyaka 19 mu kunyonga igare. Masengesho akaba akinira ikipe ya [[Ndabaga Cycling Team|Ndabaga Women Cycling Team]]. == Ibigwi == Masengesho Yvonne yegukanye umwanya wa mbere mu ma rushanwa yo kwibuka n'igare ryo kwibuka kushuro ya 2025 mu cyiciro cy'abagore batarengeje imyaka 19.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref> kandi yatwaye umudari wa zahabu mu isiganwa ryo gusiganwa n'igihe muri 2025 mu Rwanda. Muri 2025/2026 yegukanye isiganwa ry'intwari .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-nkundabera-eric-na-nyirarukundo-claudette-begukanye-musanze-challenge</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] s38adxa4rba1pg0t1st9lm9kx0w031l Uwase muyango claudine 0 22148 137769 133289 2026-09-15T17:09:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwase Muyango Claudine''' ni umunyarwandakazi uzwi kwizina rya Coco wavukiye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] y'u [[Rwanda]] wavutse mu 19 Werurwe 1997.Muyango kandi afite umugabo n'umwana umwe,yabaye miss photogenic 2019 <ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/byari-ibyishimo-mu-birori-byo-kwizihiza-isabukuru-y-imyaka-23-miss-muyango</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Muyango Claudine yaje gukundana n'umukinnyi w'umunyezamu witwa [[Kimenyi Yves]] ariwe baje gusezerana mu mategeko taliki 6 Mutarama 2024.Ni umuhango wabereye mu busitani bwa Center Piece buri ku Gisozi,banasezeranywe kandi na Bishop Karemera Emmanuel wo mu itorero rya Living God Church nyuma bakibaruka umwana w'umuhungu witwa Miguel.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/miss-muyango-yifurije-isabukuru-nziza-kimenyi-amwibutsa-ko-yihariye-kuri-we/</ref> == Ibyo akora == Nyuma yirushanwa,Muyango yakomeje kwagura ibikorwa bye mu itangazamakuru no kumbuga nkoranyambaga.Yashyinze ikiganiro cyo kuri Youtube cyitwa Who is My Date?,kigamije kugirana ibiganiro bisanzwe nabandi byisanzuye n'ibyamamare byo m'uRwanda no mu karere.<ref>https://rwandainspirer.com/mutesi-scovia-elected-as-chairperson-of-the-rwanda-media-commission/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 3jksilj1qc2kslsqqk0y8thl7zhy9jw Imandwa 0 22217 137424 129436 2026-09-15T14:55:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kubandwa Imana''' ni [[Umuhango wo kuragura|umuhango]] watangiye mu wa 1510 mu ntango y’Ingoma ya Ruganzu II Ndoli, akaba ari umuhango wahurizaga hamwe Abanyarwanda mu Icyeza Mana, icyo gihe ni ho hahanzwe idini y’Abanyarwanda, akaba ari naryo zina rusange ry’abari bibumbiye muri uwo muryango .<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/ibitabo/article/kubandwa-imana-urumuri-n-umukiro-wa-benimana</ref> == Gutangira == Kubandwa byatangiye mu muhango watangijwe na Ryangombe rya Babinga mwene Nyundo ukomoka mu Bufumbira muri [[Uganda]], akaba yarakomokaga mu bwoko bw’Abanyoro mu nzu y’Abakonjo yari [[Ubupfumu mu Rwanda|umupfumu]]. == Umumaro == Imandwa nizo zari zishyigikiye idini gakondo, kubandwa kwari ukugaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ubuyoboke, hakabamo imigenzo ihuza abantu n’Imana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/ububiko-bw-amateka-ibigabiro-by-umwami-nkuba-ya-nyabakonjo-umwami-w-u</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] 22bc9yf6p8ab6es2jxzav3vqtwpieey Umuhango wo Gukwa Umugeni 0 22218 137346 129683 2026-09-15T14:27:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137346 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imitako cyangwa imiteguro y'umuco nyarwanda.jpg|thumb|Imiteguro yo gusaba no gukwa bya Kinyarwanda]] '''Gukwa umugeni''' ni umwe mu mihango y’ingenzi cyane mu bukwe bwa kinyarwanda. Uyu muhango uba nyuma y’uko umuryango w’umusore wamaze gusaba umukobwa kandi impande zombi zumvikanye ku mubano w’abana babo. Gukwa bisobanura '''gutanga inkwano''', ni ukuvuga impano umuryango w’umusore uha umuryango w’umukobwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’icyubahiro no gushimira ababyeyi bamureze.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/INDANGAGACIRO_Z_UBUKWE_BWA_KINYARWANDA__Booklet.pdf</ref> Mu muco nyarwanda wa kera, inkwano yatangwaga cyane cyane mu '''nka''', kuko inka zari ikimenyetso cy’ubukire, icyubahiro n’umugisha mu muryango. Gutanga inkwano ntibyari bivuze kugura umukobwa, ahubwo byari uburyo bwo gushimira ababyeyi bamureze no kugaragaza ko umusore n’umuryango we biteguye kwakira umukobwa mu muryango wabo. Inkwano yashimangiraga umubano hagati y’imiryango yombi kandi ikaba ikimenyetso cy’uko ubukwe bwemewe n’imiryango yombi.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/Ubukwe_bwa_kinyarwanda.pdf</ref> == Uko umuhango wo gukwa umugeni ukorwa == Mu muhango wo gukwa, umuryango w’umusore wateguraga inka cyangwa ibindi bintu byemeranyijweho bakabijyana mu rugo rw’umukobwa. Abagize imiryango yombi barahuraga bakishimira uwo muhango, bagasangira ibiryo n’ibinyobwa mu byishimo. Icyo gihe habaga n’indirimbo n’imbyino z’umuco zagaragazaga ibyishimo byo gukomeza umubano hagati y’imiryango.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/manyinya-ntizagera-mu-gusaba-no-gukwa-iby-ingenzi-ku-bukwe-bwa-the-ben-na</ref> Hari n’igihe inkwano yatangwaga mu byiciro bitewe n’ubushobozi bw’umuryango w’umusore. Bashoboraga gutanga igice cyayo ku munsi runaka, hanyuma ibisigaye bikazatangwa nyuma. Ibi byagaragazaga ubwumvikane n’ubufatanye hagati y’imiryango yombi. Muri iki gihe cya none, nubwo umuco wo gutanga inkwano ukiriho, hari aho usanga inka zisimbuzwa amafaranga cyangwa ibindi bintu bitewe n’imibereho y’iki gihe. Mu by’ukuri, umuhango wo gukwa ni intambwe ikomeye mu bukwe bwa kinyarwanda kuko ushishikariza kubahana hagati y’imiryango, gushimira ababyeyi b’umukobwa no gushimangira isano iri hagati y’imiryango yombi. Uyu muhango ni na wo utuma ubukwe bwitabirwa n’imiryango yombi mu buryo bwemewe n’umuco, bityo ukaba igice gikomeye cy’umuco nyarwanda.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ghqkvun2266jsg4k120hl3cu15v7mon Umuhango wo Kwakira Umukazana 0 22222 137581 129447 2026-09-15T16:23:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137581 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwakira umukazana''' ni umwe mu mihango ikomeye cyane mu bukwe bwa kinyarwanda, kandi ni igice gikurikira umuhango wo gukwa Umugeni. Uyu muhango uba ku munsi umugeni ajyanwa mu rugo rw’umugabo, aho umuryango w’umugabo umwakira ku mugaragaro nk’umunyamuryango mushya. Ni intambwe yerekana ko umugeni yinjiye mu muryango w’umugabo kandi ko ubuzima bushya bwo kubaka urugo butangiye mu buryo bw’umuco n’icyubahiro.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere</ref> === Intangiriro y’umuhango === Iyo umugeni ageze mu rugo rw’umugabo, umuryango we ndetse n’abashyitsi baturutse ku mpande zombi baba bahari. Ababyeyi b’umugabo, abavugizi n’abandi bantu b’ingenzi mu muryango bahita bamwakira ku irembo ry’urugo, akenshi habaho indirimbo z’umuco n’imbyino bigaragaza ibyishimo byo kwakira umukazana.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/manyinya-ntizagera-mu-gusaba-no-gukwa-iby-ingenzi-ku-bukwe-bwa-the-ben-na</ref> Uyu muhango si ukwemera gusa ko umugeni yinjiye mu rugo, ahubwo ni ikimenyetso cy’icyubahiro, aho abashyitsi bose hamwe n’umuryango w’umugabo berekana ko bemeye umukazana nk’umunyamuryango mushya. === Imyitwarire y’umukazana === Mu muco nyarwanda, umukazana agomba kwitwara mu buryo bwubahisha umuryango mushya yashatsemo, asezera ku muryango w’iwabo,birangiye akerekana ko yiteguye kuba mu muryango mushya, aba agomba kwambara neza bijyanye n'umuco, akagaragaza isura nziza n’icyubahiro ikindi aba agomba kwigira ku babyeyi n’abasaza b’umugabo mu by’umuco n’imyitwarire y’urugo. Uuyu mwanya uba ari ingenzi cyane kuko werekana ko umugeni azi inshingano ze z’urugo.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/INDANGAGACIRO_Z_UBUKWE_BWA_KINYARWANDA__Booklet.pdf</ref> === Ibirori bijyana no kwakira umukazana === Iyo umukazana amaze kwakirwa, akenshi habaho ibikorwa bikurikira: Kuririmba no kubyina indirimbo z’umuco zishimira umubano mushya.guutanga impano ntoya ku muryango w’umugabo cyangwa ku mukazana kugira ngo bamwakire neza,abashyitsi baturutse ku mpande zombi basangira ibiryo n’ibinyobwa, bagashimangira umubano hagati y’imiryango. Uyu muhango uba umwanya wo kwishimira ubuzima bushya bwo kubaka urugo no kugaragaza umuco nyarwanda mu buryo bufatika.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ubukwe-nyarwanda-ibyiciro-10-bigoye-bamwe-bigatunga-abandi</ref> === Akamaro kuyu muhango === Guhuza imiryango yombi,kwakira umukazana ni intambwe ishimangira ko imiryango yombi yemeye umubano.Kwerekana icyubahiro n’umuco''',''' Umukazana yinjiye mu rugo rw’umugabo mu buryo bw’icyubahiro kandi ababyeyi b’umugabo bamwakiriye neza.Gutangira ubuzima bw’urugo bushya, Uyu muhango uherekeza umugeni mu rugo rwe rushya, akiga inshingano n’imyitwarire y’urugo.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/Ubukwe_bwa_kinyarwanda.pdf</ref> Mu by’ukuri, kwakira umukazana ni umuhango w’ingenzi mu bukwe nyarwanda kuko ushyira ku mugaragaro ko umugeni yinjiye mu muryango w’umugabo, uherekeza ubuzima bushya bw’urugo, kandi ukazana ibyishimo n’ubwubahane hagati y’imiryango yombi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 93iursbos325ovmm21nm3xkwpr8avy4 Umuhango wo Gutekesha Umukwe n'Umugeni 0 22225 137425 129451 2026-09-15T14:55:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137425 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu muco nyarwanda, umuhango wo gutekesha umukwe n’umugeni ni umwe mu mihango y’ubukwe igaragaza ubushobozi bw’abashyingiranwa mu mirimo y’urugo n’ubwumvikane hagati yabo. Uyu muhango ukunze gukorwa nyuma yo kwakira umukazana mu rugo rw’umugabo, kandi uba umwanya wo kwerekana ko bombi biteguye gufatanya mu rugo no kubaka umuryango.<ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/747007595/Ubukwe-Bwa-Kinyarwanda-1</ref> === Intangiriro y’umuhango === Uyu muhango ukurikira iminsi mike nyuma y’ubukwe, bitewe n’imico y’umuryango. uyu muhango utegurwa n'umuryango w'umukwe mu rwego rwo kubaha uburenganzira bwo gutangira guteka no kwita ku rugo rwabo. Mu muco nyarwanda, umukwe n’umugeni basabwa kugaragaza ubuhanga n’ubwitonzi mu mirimo y’urugo, cyane cyane mu gutegura amafunguro cyangwa ibikorwa bifatika by’urugo. Mu gihe cy’umuhango, umukazana agaragaza ubushobozi bwo guteka amafunguro y’umuco, gutegura ibiryo, no gukora imirimo yo mu rugo.Umukwe afasha cyangwa akorana n'umugeni mu gutegura ibyo bikorwa, agaragaza ko ashoboye gufatanya mu rugo.Uyu muhango ukorwa mu buryo bwo kugaragaza ubushobozi n’ubushake bwo kubaka urugo rugendera ku muco.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/Ubukwe_bwa_kinyarwanda.pdf</ref> === Ibyo umukwe n’umugeni bagaragaza === Mu gihe cyo gutekesha,umugeni agaragaza ubushobozi bwo gutegura no guteka ibiryo by’umuryango, kandi akabikora mu buryo bw’umuco n’ubwitonzi.umukwe afatanya cyangwa ayobora igikorwa mu buryo buboneye, agaragaza ko ari umugabo witeguye gufasha no gukorana umugeni.Bombi bagaragaza ubwumvikane no kwubahana hagati yabo n’umuryango wabo.Uyu muhango kandi uba umwanya wo kwerekana ko ubuzima bw’urugo bushya buherekejwe n’ubufatanye n’ubushishozi.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere</ref> === Akamaro k’umuhango === Gushimangira ubwumvikane bw’abashyingiranwa, uyu muhango ugaragaza ko umukwe n’umugeni bashobora gufatanya mu rugo.Kwerekana ubushobozi bw’umugeni n’umukwe mu muryango,ababyeyi n’abashyitsi babona ko bombi biteguye inshingano z’urugo.Guhuza imiryango n’abashyitsi,indirimbo, imbyino n’ibirori bikurikirana umuhango bigaragaza ibyishimo n’icyubahiro hagati y’imiryango yombi.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ubukwe-nyarwanda-ibyiciro-10-bigoye-bamwe-bigatunga-abandi</ref> === Umwihariko w’uyu muhango === Uyu muhango utandukanye no gutekesha umugeni wenyine kuko wibanda ku bufatanye bw’abashyingiranwa bombi. Bugaragaza ko ubukwe nyarwanda atari umubano w’abantu babiri gusa, ahubwo ari ubufatanye bw’imiryango, ubushobozi bw’abashyingiranwa n’ubwumvikane mu rugo. Mu by’ukuri, gutekesha umukwe n’umugeni ni umuhango w’ingenzi kuko utuma habaho icyizere hagati y’abashyingiranwa, kugaragaza ubushobozi bwo gufatanya mu rugo no gukomeza umuco nyarwanda mu bukwe.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/manyinya-ntizagera-mu-gusaba-no-gukwa-iby-ingenzi-ku-bukwe-bwa-the-ben-na</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} rk4vroijz07njj7fflf3w7pnofv2k88 Ibigabiro bya Nyabakonjo 0 22229 137494 129456 2026-09-15T15:49:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137494 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tree in Mississippi.jpg|thumb|291x291px|Ikigabiro]] '''Ibigabiro bya Nyabakonjo''' ubundi ibigabiro ni ibiti by'imivumu cyangwa byaba ibiti by'ibihondohondo batera ahantu hari urugo rw'umwami, cyangwa se bashyinguye ingoro wu Mwami, ngo hatazibagirana, Byafatwaga kandi nk'ibigabiro by'igihugu .<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/ububiko-bw-amateka-ibigabiro-by-umwami-nkuba-ya-nyabakonjo-umwami-w-u</ref> == Nyabakonjo == Nkuba ya Nyabakonjo yari ubwami bw’i Bwanacyambwe, rero ibimenyetso ndangamateka by’ibigabiro byaho abami b’u Bwanacyambwe byaho bari batuye birahari kuva 1378-2019 biri mu Mudugudu wa Amahoro, Kagali ka Rukiri II mu Murenge wa [[Remera, Kigali|Remera]] mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]].<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] 8neklw51z314z88b8txl8l1lx94a4px Ibigabiro bya Munyaga 0 22232 137660 129460 2026-09-15T16:50:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umusozi wa Munyaga''' ni umusozi uri ku nkengero z’aho u [[Rwanda]] rwa hanaga urubibi na rwagabaniraga ndetse na Gisaka, mbere y’uko rwigarurira icyo gihugu mu kinyejana cya 19 ku ngoma ya Mutara II Rwogera. Ingabo zabaga ziri ku rugerero zirinze inkiko z’u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/menya-amateka-y-ibigabiro-bya-rwamagana#:~:text=I%20Rwamagana%20ahitwa%20mu%20Bigabiro%20hari%20urugo,Gisaka%20mbere%20y'uko%20cyigarurirwa%20n'u%20Rwanda%20mu</ref> == Ibigabiro bya Munyaga == Ibigabiro bya Munyaga ni ibigabiro bya Sharangabo na Ndabarasa na we wari igikomangoma yabaye kuri urwo rugerero rw’i Munyaga ari kumwe n’Abakemba, Mu mpinga y’uwo musozi ari na ho hahoze urugerero, hitwa mu Nkamba kuva icyo gihe kugeza magingo aya. Ubu ni mu Mudugudu wa Kigabiro, Akagari ka Kaduha, Umurenge wa Munyaga, [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]]. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] pr3hcp8nfsrq4c01gs73ienie8rzck9 Ubukannyi mu Rwanda 0 22233 137542 129461 2026-09-15T15:56:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137542 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubukannyi mu Rwanda''', wari umwuga wari utunze benshi bakuragamo [[Imyenda y’imbere|imyenda]] yo kwambara mu impu zitandukanye ndetse Uyu mwuga wari ufitiye [[Abanyarwanda]] akamaro gakomeye kuko wari ubaatunze kandi wari umwe mu mirimo gakondo ya ba kurambere , ababukoraga bitwaga abakannyi.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/imyuga-yacwekereye-kandi-yarafashaga-abanyarwanda-ba-kera-kwirwanaho</ref> == Ibikoresho == Ubukannyi bwari uburyo bwo kuboha cyangwa gutunganya impu z’inyamaswa nk'inka, ihene , intama cyangwa izindi nyamaswa z'ishyamba) kugira ngo zivemo imyenda yoroshye kandi ikwiriye kwambarwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] cttjxs7to6ugmelrgeqrr37aih16629 Ikinimba 0 22241 137603 129587 2026-09-15T16:43:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137603 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikinimba Dance, Burera.jpg|thumb|Ikinimba]] '''Ikinimba''' ni [[Imbyino gakondo za kinyarwanda|imbyino]] yo mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|majyaruguru]] y'u [[Rwanda]], ubusanzwe ikorwa cyangwa imbyinwa n'urubyiruko bari mu mihango yo kurambagizanya. akaba ari indirimbo ziherekeza imbyino akenshi zigira inama abagore batashyingiranywe uko bakwitwara kuri ba sebukwe; kandi ubundi [[Umugore|abagore]] ntibakoraga izi mbyino bamaze gushyingirwa.<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abitabiriye-amateka-series-basobanuriwe-inkomoko-y-ikinimba-banigishwa</ref> == Imbyino == Ubundi mu Rwanda rwo hambere ndetse nuba hari amako atatu y'imbyino, Izo mbyino zirimo * '''[[Ikinyemera]]''' cy’abantu bo mu bice bya [[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Nyabihu]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iBurengerazuba]], * '''[[Imbyino yo Gusaama|Gusama]]''', imbyino gakondo y’abatuye mu Kirwa cya Nkombo * Ikinimba gikoreshwa n’ab’i Gicumbi ndetse n’icy’Abarashi bo mu Gahunga ya Burera. <ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/186843/Entertainment/ikiringo-dance-project-to-be-extended-beyond-rwanda</ref> Gusa kubera iminsi yagiye yiyongera ndetse hakazamo nabandi bantu b'abanyarwanda hajemo izindi byino twaguva : * Gushayaya * igisirimba == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] 5pzrqxl8cu9o15ms99emnldinlezc32 Imbyino 0 22245 137616 129478 2026-09-15T16:45:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137616 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda tradition Dance.jpg|thumb|Imbyino]] '''Imbyino''' rikomoka ku nshinga kubyina bisobanura guhondagura ibirenge ku [[Ubutaka|butaka]] ku buryo buboneye ukabigira wikaraga mu mubyimba kandi urusaku rw’íbirenge rukajyanirana n'[[INDIRIMBO|indirimbo]] yabigenewe. Naho ijambo imbyino ryo rigasobanura Indirimbo iherekejwe n'úmudiho.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/hasohotse-inyoborabatoza-igitabo-kivuga-amavu-namavuko-yimbyino-gakondo-za-kinyarwanda-135325</ref> == Inka == Imbyino nyinshi mu Rwanda rwo hambere zari zishamikiye ku kuvuga inka n’bwiza. Koko rero, izi mbyino zivoma mu myireko ifite aho ihuriye n’urugamba kuko inka zivugwa ari inyambo zihanganishwa ku rugamba hagati y’Ibihogo n’Amagaju. Byongeye kandi, usanga ubwiza bw’inka (inyambo) bugererenywa n’ubwiza bw’Umunyarwandakazi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abitabiriye-amateka-series-basobanuriwe-inkomoko-y-ikinimba-banigishwa</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] ewmg8jsvjqhhj2tgtuojnlspyurvya8 Pirigatori 0 22250 137464 129594 2026-09-15T15:17:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137464 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kiriziya ya Saint Famille i Kigali.jpg|thumb|Gatolika]] '''Pirigatori''' ni inyigisho yo mu [[Kiliziya Gatolika|idini Gatolika]] ku [[isi]] ndetse no mu [[Rwanda]], ivuga ko ari ahantu cyangwa imimerere abapfuye bafite [[Icyaha cy'umwimerere|ibyaha]] bito bito cyangwa batarangije guhanirwa ibyaha byabo bahawe imbabazi, banyura ngo bakurweho imyanda y'ibyaha mbese ba kweza mbere y'uko binjira mu ijuru.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/amagambo-7-yesu-yavugiye-ku-musaraba-yambaye-ikamba-ry-amahw-68228</ref> == Imyemerere == [[Kiliziya Gatolika|Abagatolika]] bemera ko amasengesho n'ibitambo bya misa bishobora gufasha ubugingo buri mu pirigatori kwihuta kwinjira mu ijuru, ni nko kweza ubugingo kugira ngo bwemererwe kwinjira mu bwami bw'Imana butunganye.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/menya-amagambo-7-yesu-yavugiye-ku-musaraba-nubusobanuro-bwayo-116362</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] ew0kuxbmwa99zopgkugl30o8olwhviu Kwiyiriza ubusa 0 22251 137347 129595 2026-09-15T14:28:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137347 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kuvoma 11.jpg|thumb|Bibiliya]] '''Kwiyiriza ubusa''' ni igikorwa cy’[[Abantu n'ahantu hibasiwe cyane|abantu]] basenga [[Imana]], bagikora kugira ngo bicuze ibbyaha bakoze cyangwa se Imana ibarebe neza.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/uburyo-kwiyiriza-ubusa-bishobora-gufasha-umubiri-wawe-gukora-neza</ref> == Abatemerewe kwiyiriza == Kwiriza ubusa ni ikintu cy’ingenzi mu buzima akaba ari ni ukumenya ko atari byiza kwiyiriza mu gihe uri gufata imiti cyangwa se ufite ubundi burwayi. Mu gihe wifuza kubikora kandi umeze utyo, ni ngombwa kubijyaho inama na muganga wawe. [[Umugore|Abagore]] batwite n’abonsa bo babujijwe gukora iki gikorwa, kereka gusa igihe babisabwe n’abaganga.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/ivugabutumwa/article/gusenga-wiyirije-ubusa-bigirira</ref> == Ibwiza bwo gusenga == [[Dosiye:Kiriziya ya Saint Famille i Kigali.jpg|thumb|urusengero]] '''Kwiyiriza ubusa''' ku mubiri wubukora ushaka uburyo wisukura, ukivanamo imyanda ishobora kuba yawangiza. Ibi bishoboka iyo umuntu atariye, utunyangingo twe duhindura imikorere tukabasha gusukura umubiri w’umuntu., nanone ni uko iyo umuntu atariye nko mu gihe cy’amasaha 12, umubiri we utangira gukoresha isukari wifashishije ibinure wabitse n’ibindi bitandukanye, ibi bikaba byagabanya ibyago byo kuba umuntu yarwara indwara zirimo umutima cyangwa se akagira umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] f1wcfqpo7jnr6a5ktp324ijjiclk201 Urutonde rwabagore bintwaari mu rwanda 0 22252 137617 129674 2026-09-15T16:45:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137617 wikitext text/x-wiki uru ni urutonde rwabagore bakoze ibintu bikomeye mugihugu cyacu cy'Urwanda<ref>https://warriorthoughts101.blogspot.com/2014/09/some-of-25-most-inspiring-rwandan-women.html</ref>. # '''[[Jeannette Kagame|Jeanette Kagame]]''' # '''[[Louise Mushikiwabo|Louise Musikiwabo]]''' # '''[[Carole Karemera]]''' # '''[[Josette komezusenge|Josette Komezusenge]]''' # '''Lucy Mbabazi''' # '''Julian Ingabire''' # '''Stephanie Nyombayire''' # '''Yasmin Sued Amri''' # '''Claudine De Lucco Uwanyiligira''' # '''Odile Gakire Katese''' # '''Kampeta Sayinzoga''' # '''Laura ‘Somi’ Kakoma''' # '''[[Immaculée Ilibagiza]]''' # '''[[Angelique Kantengwa]]''' # '''[[Knowless Jane Butera|Knowless Butera]]''' # '''Jesse Gakwandi''' # '''Yvonne Manzi Makolo''' # '''Valentine Rugwabiza''' # '''Lillian Mpende''' # '''Ines Mpambara''' # '''[[Mukankomeje Rose|Rose Mukankomeje]]''' # '''[[Nsanzabaganwa Monique]]''' # '''Cecil Kayirebwa.''' == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ogqhkkp6i2ihdz9ibwu61brcimrbuv7 Urusengero 0 22256 137618 129667 2026-09-15T16:45:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137618 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urusengero Monument.jpg|thumb|Urusengero]] '''urusengero''' ni inyubako cyangwa ahantu hagenewe guhurira abantu bari kuramya [[Imana]], kumva ijambo ry'Imana, gutura ibitambo, no gukora imihango y'idini, bwese rufatwa nk'inzu yera yahariwe gusengerwamo Imana.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cw01z74jp15o</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/ur-huye-huzuye-urusengero-rwa-miliyoni-400-frw-rumaze-imyaka-18-rwubakwa</ref> == Insengero == Mu [[Rwanda]] hari insengero zitandukanye aha twagaragaza nka : * Insengero zabagatolika * Urusengero rwa ADEPR * umusigiti == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] dvv0n1ugsxmxomfgrd9jcx3fkkuzuom HAGENIMANA Jean Paul (Bushali) 0 22263 137437 129682 2026-09-15T15:00:35Z ~2026-49963-91 18922 /* Ivuka rya Kinyatrap na "Nituebue" (2018) */ 137437 wikitext text/x-wiki HAGENIMANA Jean Paul ni umuhanzi nyarwanda uzwi cyane kwizina rya Bushali, Bushali kandi ni we nkingi ya mwamba y'injyana nshya yitwa Kinyatrap'''.''' Yayihimbye afite imyaka 24 gusa, maze avanga injyana ivuye hanze n'umuco gakondo wacu. Umudiho we utandukanye n'iyindi, Ihuza uburyo bwo kuririmba budasanzwe, ibisigo, n'ingoma zifite imbaraga, bigatuma Trap ihinduka umwimerere w’Abanyarwanda. Ni umuhanzi ufite impano idasanzwe yo guhuza ibya kera n'ibigezeweho. Ibi nibyo bituma afatwa nk’umwe mu bahanzi b’ejo hazaza h’umuziki w’u Rwanda. == Amateka == Bushali yatangiye kugaragara mu muziki mu mwaka wa 2016. Avuka mu muryango w'abana barindwi, akaba yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora umuziki utandukanye n'uwo bandi bakoraga. Ntabwo yifuzaga kwigana injyana za America gusa, ahubwo yashakaga uburyo yahuza injyana igezweho n'imivugire ndetse n'umuco w'i Kigali, cyane cyane mu gace k'i Nyamirambo aho yakuriye. == Ivuka rya Kinyatrap na "Nituebue" (2018) == Umwaka wa 2018 ni wo wabaye imbarutso ikomeye mu mateka ye: '''Guhanga Injyana:''' Bushali, ari kumwe n'abandi bahanzi nka B-Threy na Slum Drip, bashinze injyana bise Kinyatrap. iyi njyana ntabwo yari imudiho gusa, ahubwo yari uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ururimi rw'ikinyarwanda (slang) mu muziki wa Trap. Indirimbo "Nituebue": Mu Ugushyingo 2018, nibwo hasohotse indirimbo "Nituebue". Iyi ndirimbo yahinduye amateka, ituma Kinyatrap imenyekana mu gihugu hose kandi ituma Bushali n'abo bafatanyaga bamenyekana nk'abahanzi b'abahanga Alubumu ya mbere: Murui uwo mwaka kandi yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere yise "Nyiramubande", yagaragaje ko ari umuhanzi uzi kuvuga amateka n'ubuzima bwo mu muryango nyarwanda.[https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/bushali] kchyheyluvt2o06b882on6gdoclpj1v Mujawamahoro Marie Chantal 0 22278 137465 129708 2026-09-15T15:17:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137465 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyange secondary school Genocide Memorial 01.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rw'Inyange]] '''Mujawamahoro Marie Chantal''' ni [[umugore]] akabaya yari [[umunyeshuri]] mu [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Ikomatanyabukungu|ikigo]] cy'inyange, akaba ari umwe mu banyeshuri b'intwari bishwe n'abacengezi mu mwaka wa 1997 i Nyange, ubu ni mu [[Akarere ka Ngororero|karere ka Ngororero]], bakaba barishwe bazira kwanga kwitandukanya nk'[[Abahutu]] n'[[Abatutsi]], ahubwo bagahitamo kuvuga ko bose ari [[Abanyarwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c101mq26g2zo</ref> == Intwari == Mujawamahoro Marie Chantal yishwe azira ubutwari bwo kubumbatira ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda n'ubutwari bwo kwanga gucikamo ibice, yari atuye muri segiteri Nyange.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Femme]] b4vfxgz9tfwx0kwvlyg5pc3d32b0xyi Mukazayire Nelly 0 22282 137661 129713 2026-09-15T16:50:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukazayire Nelly''' yavutse ku babyeyi b'[[Abanyarwanda]] mu [[Rwanda]] muri 1982. ni minisitit ushinzwe siporo mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/politiki/article/minisitiri-mukazayire-yashyikirije-perezida-wa-senegal-ubutumwa-bwa-perezida</ref> == Amasomo == Mukazayire Nelly yize amashuri abanza nayisumbuye mu Rwanda. Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cy'akabili cya kaminuza mu bukungu mpuzamahanga, Afite kandi impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu cy’iciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu micungire y’ubukungu yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya [[Uganda]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/nelly-mukazayire-yagizwe-minisitiri-wa-siporo</ref> == Akazi == Mukazayire akora umuyobozi wa leta nka abaminisitiri kuva mu Kwakira 2018, yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru wa Biro y’amasezerano y’u Rwanda, ishami rya leta. Kuri ubu, ari ku rwego rwa Minisitiri w’igihugu .<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Femme]] lqqzfkzmqhfgidf3cu7k68cwybaizyh Uwicyeza Pamela 0 22284 137561 133103 2026-09-15T16:06:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137561 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwicyeza Pamella''' (yavutse 31 Mutarama 2000 )ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] uzwi cyane nk'[[umugore]] w'umuhanzi witwa [[Mugisha Benjamin]], uzwi nka The Ben. Pamella Uwicyeza yitabiriye amarushanwa ya Miss Rwanda mu 2019, aho yaje mu bakobwa 20 ba nyuma. Yavukiye mu Rwanda, bakaba bafitanye umwana umwe witwa Lunah. <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/the-ben-yambitse-impeta-uwicyeza-pamella</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/miss-uwicyeza-pamella-yishimiye-impano-yohererejwe-n-umuhanzi-the-ben</ref> == Ubuzima == Uwicyeza Pamella yize amashuri abanza ndetse yiga n'amashuri yisumbuye mu bijyanye n'Amateka, Ubukungu n'Ubumenyi bw'Isi (HEG) kuri APADE [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|ku Kicukiro]], yitabiriye Miss Rwanda 2019, ahagarariye [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], yabaye Igisonga cya Mbere cya Miss Zuri Africa Queen 2019, rero tariki 18 Werurwe 2025, nibwo yatangaje ko yibarutse imfura ye na The Ben.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/pamella-yatangaje-amazina-yumwana-we-na-the-ben/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Femme]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] hg463kw84agqhh8xg8kkbvj8isr01z6 Muyango claudine 0 22289 137526 129723 2026-09-15T15:54:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muyango claudine''' ( uzwi nka Coco yavutse wa 19 Werurwe 1997) ni [[umugore]] akaba ari [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] wamenyekanye cyane binyuze mu marushanwa y'ubwiza no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga akaba yarigeze guhatanira mu irishanwa ry'umbwiza missa Rwanda aba umukobwa uzi kwifotoza akaberwa neza.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-by-abagabo-ubinkure-mu-bwonko-miss-muyango-ku-rushako-rwe-na-kimenyi</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-muyango-claudine-arakuriwe</ref> == ubuzima == '''Muyango claudine''' yavukiye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara ya Majyepfo]] y'u [[Rwanda]] ku wa 19 Werurwe 1997, yari mu irushanwa rya Nyampinga w’u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2019, aho yegukanye ikamba rya '''Miss Photogenike''' ( umukobwa uzi kwifotoza akaberwa n'amafoto ), Ni umugore w'umunyezamu w'ikipe y'igihugu Kimenyi Yves, bakaba bafitanye umwana w'[[Umugabo|umuhungu]].<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/umurezi-wa-muyango-claudine-yashenguwe-n-ibyavuzwe-ko-yatanze-ruswa-y-igitsina.html</ref><ref>https://kasukumedia.com/muyango-claudine-yanenze-imvugo-ya-knc-ku-kazi-ko-guhostinga/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Femme]] 034apjsd58uylv7oo0isfcsw8h9lq48 Imivugo n'indirimbo by'inka 0 22292 137562 129726 2026-09-15T16:06:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137562 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imivugo n’indirimbo]] by’inka ni kimwe mu bice by’ingenzi by’umuco nyarwanda, byerekana neza urukundo, icyubahiro n’agaciro Abanyarwanda bahaga inka. Mu Rwanda rwo hambere, inka ntiyari itungo risanzwe gusa kandi nomuri kinogihe, ahubwo yari ikimenyetso cy’ubutunzi, uburumbuke n’ishema ry’umuryango. Ni yo mpamvu abantu bayihimbazaga bayivuga mu buryo bwihariye, bakoresheje imivugo n’indirimbo.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/amagambo-agaragaza-icyubahiro-inka-zahabwaga-mu-muco-nyarwanda</ref> Mu bisobanuro byimbitse, imivugo y’inka ni amagambo ahimbwe mu buryo bw’ubuhanzi, agaragaza imiterere, ubwiza n’imico y’inka. Umworozi yashimagizaga inka ye ayivuga imyato, ayigereranya n’ibintu byiza karemano bidukikije hano mw'isi. Ibi byari uburyo bwo kugaragaza ko inka ifite agaciro gakomeye, ndetse bikanafasha umworozi kuyitaho no kuyishimira. Imivugo y’inka yigishaga kandi kuvuga neza no gutunganya amagambo akoreshwa muburyo bwokuyitaho.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/amagambo-agaragaza-icyubahiro-inka-zahabwaga-mu-muco-nyarwanda</ref> Ku rundi ruhande, indirimbo z’inka zari indirimbo zicurangwa cyangwa ziririmbwa n’aborozi igihe baragiye, bakama cyangwa baruhuka. Izi ndirimbo zagaragazaga ibyishimo, ituze n’urukundo bafitiye inka zabo. Zafashaga no gutuza inka, kuko byemerwaga ko inka yumva amajwi y’umworozi wayo, bityo igatuza cyangwa ikongera amata. Indirimbo z’inka zari n’uburyo bwo gusabana no gusangira umuco hagati y’aborozi.<ref>https://elearning.reb.rw/course/section.php?id=7236</ref> Imivugo n’indirimbo by’inka byari bifite kandi uruhare mu kurinda no gukomeza umuco. Byifashishwaga mu kwigisha abakiri bato amateka, indangagaciro n’imyitwarire myiza. Abana bigaga kuvuga imivugo no kuririmba indirimbo, bigatuma bakura bazi kubaha inka, gukunda umurimo no kubaha umuco wabo. Ibi byafashaga mu gukomeza umuco nyarwanda no kuwurinda gusenyuka. Mu ncamake, imivugo n’indirimbo by’inka ni uburyo bw’ubuhanzi bwagaragazaga urukundo n’icyubahiro Abanyarwanda bahaga inka, kandi bikagira uruhare mu myigire, mu busabane no mu kubungabunga umuco. Nka kimwe mu bimenyetso by’ingenzi byerekana uko inka zari ishingiro ry’ubuzima n’umuco nyarwanda.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/Agatabo_k_imivugo_y_abanyeshuri__TVT_.pdf</ref> urugero rw'indirimbo z’inka zaririmbwaga n’abashumba cyane cyane igihe baragiye cyangwa bakama: “Ngwino nka yanjye nziza, Ngwino nkwamire amata meza, Uri umutungo wanjye,Uri ibyishimo byanjye.” Iyi ndirimbo, Ihamagara inka mu buryo bwuje urukundo n'isano hagati y’umushumba n’inka<ref>http://www.rwandanationalarchives.gov.rw:8080/handle/123456789/36381</ref> Indi ndirimbo ishobora kumvikana itya:“Inka zanjye nziza zirabyagiye,Zirantunga, ziratanga, Iyo ziri murwuri aba ari amahoro. Imivugo y’inka yabaga igizwe n’amagambo meza, yuzuye ishimwe n’ubwiza bw'inka. urugero: Inka yanjye ni iya gaciro, Iteye ishema ku gasozi,Ifite amabere yuzuye amata, Ni ishema ry’umuryango wanjye.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/ubuvanganzo-bw-amazina-y-inka-mu-muco-nyarwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} szhn91n6098uky037l5prm5gov5ekwn Mukagatete Emeline 0 22293 137495 129727 2026-09-15T15:50:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137495 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukagatete Emeline''' ni [[umunyarwandakazi]] akaba ari umukinnyi w'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] ukina nka rutahizamu mu [[ikipe]] ya [[Rayon Sports Women Football Club]] mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/29776/news/featured/rayon-sports-women-make-history-in-cecafa-campaign</ref> == Ibitego == Mukagatete Emeline Azwiho kuba rutahizamu utanga umusaruro mu mikino ikomeye, ndetse ni rutahizamu ukina muri iyi kipe y'abagore ya Rayon Sports anyuza ku kuguru kwiburyo, kandi yatsinze igitego ikipe y' Indahangarwa WFC mu gikombe cy'Ubutwari ndetse yanatsinze muri FERWAFA Super Cup 2025.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/29766/sports/football/rayon-sports-women-miss-out-on-champions-league-ticket-after-cecafa-final-loss</ref><ref>https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/09/05/rayon-sports-wfc-shock-defending-champions-cbe/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Femme]] oe9j1zyvf2hhgdvt3jx0o2a78vvmjh5 Umunyarwandakazi 0 22294 137604 129728 2026-09-15T16:44:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137604 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umugore uri gusoroma icyayi.jpg|thumb|239x239px|Umunyarwandakazi]] '''Umunyarwandakazi''' ubundi ni ijambo ry'[[Ikinyarwanda]] risobanura [[umugore]] cyangwa [[Umugore|umukobwa]] ukomoka mu Rwanda cyangwa se ufite inkomoka y'umwe mu bayeyi biwe bakomok mu [[Rwanda]], Bagaragaza umuco binyuze mu mwambaro gakondo nku mushanana.cyangwa Ishabure.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/umunyarwandakazi-miss-amandah-ngo-ntaterwa-isoni-n-amashusho-y-urukozasoni</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51292061</ref> == Umwenegihugu == Umunyarwandakazi ni Iri jambo rikoreshwa ku banyagihugu bose b'igitsina gore bafite ubwenegihugu bw'u Rwanda, baba batuye imbere cyangwa hanze y'igihugu, bazwiho kurangwa n'umuco nyarwanda, gukunda umurimo, n'uburanga.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uganda-umunyarwandakazi-laika-yakuruye-impaka-zinjiyemo-minisitiri</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Femme]] j9862b5m5y7xhpovo9kd54ybjm9krar Imibereho y'inka mu Rwanda 0 22296 137384 129730 2026-09-15T14:40:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137384 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu Rwanda rwakera, inka zari umutima w’ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda. Ntizafatwaga gusa nk’itungo, ahubwo zari ikimenyetso cy’ubutunzi, icyubahiro n’ishema ry’umuryango. Umuntu wagiraga inka nyinshi yubahwaga mu bandi, kandi inka zakoreshwaga mu mibereho yose, zatangaga amata yo kunywa, zigatanga inkwano kubageni, ndetse zikaba n’impano yo kubaka ubucuti hagati y’imiryango. Inka zari zifite n’agaciro mu mihango y’umuco, aho zaririmbirwaga, zigahimbwa mu mivugo, ndetse zigahabwa amazina yihariye.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/ibigwi-n-ibirindiro-amateka-n-ibigwi-by-inka-mu-rwanda-igice-cya-mbere</ref> Imibereho y’inka muri icyo gihe yari ishingiye ku kwahura inka zikarishiriza kugasozi. Inka zaragirwaga ku misozi n’ahari ubwatsi bwinshi, zikabaho mu bwisanzure. Abashumba bazitaho buri munsi, baziririmbira indirimbo, bakazivuga imivugo, banazirinda indwara. Kwita ku nka byari igikorwa cy’icyubahiro, kandi habagaho imigenzo myinshi ijyanye n’isuku yazo, gukama amata, no kuzitaho mu buryo bwitondewe. Inka zari zifitanye isano ikomeye n’umuntu ku buryo zafatwaga nkizigize umuryango.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/ibigwi-n-ibirindiro-amateka-n-ibigwi-by-inka-mu-rwanda-igice-cya-mbere</ref> Mu Rwanda rw’ubu, imibereho y’inka yarahindutse kubera iterambere n’imihindagurikire y’ubuzima. Ubu hakunze gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kororera mu biraro, aho inka zitagisohoka cyane, ahubwo zororerwa mu biraro zigahabwa ubwatsi n’amazi byateguwe neza. Ibi byatumye habaho kongera umusaruro w’amata, kurinda ubutaka kwangirika, no gukoresha ubumenyi bugezweho mu korora. Aborozi bakoresha imiti, inkingo n’ubuvuzi bwa kijyambere mu kurinda indwara. Nubwo uburyo bwo korora bwahindutse, inka ziracyafite agaciro gakomeye mu muco nyarwanda. Ziracyari ikimenyetso cy’iterambere n’imibereho myiza, kandi ziracyakoreshwa mu bintu bimwe na bimwe by’umuco nko gutanga inkwano cyangwa kwakiriza abashyitsi amata. Hari na gahunda z’igihugu zishyigikira ubworozi bw’inka, zigaragaza ko zigifite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/ibigwi-n-ibirindiro-amateka-n-ibigwi-by-inka-mu-rwanda-igice-cya-mbere</ref> u Rwanda rwakera inka zari zifite uruhare rukomeye mu muco n’imibereho ya buri munsi, zigahabwa icyubahiro gikomeye kandi zikabaho mu bwisanzure ku gasozi. Mu Rwanda rw’ubu, nubwo uburyo bwo kuyorora bwahindutse bugana ku ikoranabuhanga n’iterambere, agaciro n’icyubahiro cy’inka mu muco nyarwanda biracyahari kandi birakomeje. Mu Rwanda rwakera, hariho inka zizwi cyane nk’inyambo. Izi nka zari iz’agaciro gakomeye cyane, cyane cyane mu bwami. Zatoranywaga hashingiwe ku bwiza bwazo: amahembe maremare, umubiri mwiza, n’imiterere itandukanye. Inyambo ntizari izo gutanga amata menshi cyane, ahubwo zari izo gushimisha no kugaragaza icyubahiro n’ubwami. Zaririmbirwaga indirimbo, zigahimbwa imivugo, kandi zikitabwaho mu buryo bwihariye cyane.<ref>https://therevelator.org/rwanda-inyambo/</ref> [[INYAMBO|Inyambo]] zari zifite uruhare rukomeye mu mihango y’ubwami n’umuco. Zakoreshwaga mu birori bikomeye, zigatambagizwa mu buryo bw’icyubahiro, ndetse zikaba ikimenyetso cy’ubutware bw’Umwami. Abantu bazitagaho cyane, bakaziririmbira indirimbo zidasanzwe, bigatuma zimenyerana n’abantu ndetse zigahora zituje kandi zifite isuku.<ref>https://therevelator.org/rwanda-inyambo/</ref> Mu Rwanda rw’ubu, habaho ubwoko bw’inka bwahindutse kandi bwinshi. Ubu aborozi bibanda cyane ku nka zitanga amata menshi n’umusaruro mwinshi, nk’inka z’ikomoka mumahanga nk’izivanze n’iz’iwacu. Izi nka ntizitwarwa cyane ku bwiza cyangwa imiterere nk’uko byari bimeze ku nyambo, ahubwo harebwa umusaruro amata menshi, gukura vuba, n’inyungu mu bukungu. Nanone kandi, inka zo muri iki gihe zororerwa mu buryo bwa kijyambere (nko mu biraro), zigahabwa ubwatsi bwateguwe neza, imiti n’inkingo, bigatuma zitanga umusaruro uhagije. Ubu [[UBWOROZI|ubworozi]] bwibanda ku guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umuryango n’igihugu, aho kuba gusa ikimenyetso cy’umuco n’icyubahiro.<ref>https://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minagri/Publications/Announcements/AMABWIRIZA_YA_MINISITIRI_W_UBUHINZI_N_UBWOROZI_N___008_YO_KU_WA_16_Kanama_2023_AGENGA_IMITANGIRE_N_IMICUNGIRE_Y_INKA_ZITANGWA_MURI_GAHUNDA_YA_GIRINKA.pdf</ref> Ariko nubwo hari izi mpinduka, inyambo ziracyafite agaciro mu muco nyarwanda. Zigaragara mu birori by’umuco, mu bukerarugendo no mu kwibuka amateka y’u Rwanda. Zikomeza kwibutsa Abanyarwanda inkomoko yabo n’uburyo inka zari zifite agaciro gakomeye mu mibereho ya kera.<ref>https://www.accessagriculture.org/rw/uburyo-bwiza-bwo-guhunika-impungure-no-kuzibungabunga</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} lvcvtgamj0e310biq3hkeak0rerq7s2 Kubyarira amata 0 22299 137466 129741 2026-09-15T15:17:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137466 wikitext text/x-wiki Kubyarira amata mu muco nyarwanda bikorwana naborozi b'inka kuko ni umugenzo ukorwa mugihe amata yabaga yakamwe akabuganizwa mucyansi agaterekwa kuruhimbi, iyo habagabo impamvu ituma ayo mata ahumana cyangwa iyo yaterekwaga agamijwe kuba yanyobwa ari ikivuguto hanyuma akarinda agera ubwo ahinduka umushari barayafata bakayamena kubushake bwabo bitewe nizo mpamvu twavuze hejuri nibyo byitwa kubyariira amata cyangwa kubikira amata.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} cw9xtzs3kqixou5tic9egv97szt8cda Uwanyirigira Sifa Aimee 0 22302 137770 133217 2026-09-15T17:09:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwanyirigira Sifa Aimee''' ni umukinnyi w'umukobwa akaba ari umukinnyi w'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] w'[[umunyarwandakazi]] ukina mu ikipe ya '''[[Rayon Sports Women Football Club|Rayon Sports Women FC]]''' akaba akina mu bamwugariro ..<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/urutonde-rwabakandida-depite-mu-byiciro-byihariye-nabigenga-mu-matora-yo-muri-nzeri-2018/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-19 |archive-date=2026-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260308111954/https://panorama.rw/urutonde-rwabakandida-depite-mu-byiciro-byihariye-nabigenga-mu-matora-yo-muri-nzeri-2018/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/29776/news/featured/rayon-sports-women-make-history-in-cecafa-campaign</ref> == Umwuga == Uwanyirigira Sifa Aimee muri 2024 n'intangiriro za 2025, aho yatoranyijwe nk'umwe mu bakandida b'umukinnyi w'ukwezi muri rayon sports y'abagore.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Femme]] 281yxs8dd77qg0ixf2qtifb3jli6jl3 Nyirarunyonga 0 22305 137717 129750 2026-09-15T17:00:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137717 wikitext text/x-wiki Nyirarunyonga yari umugore w'umusingakazi w'igishegabo mumateka y'u Rwanda yari atuye ku Rugarika rwa Kigese na Mbirizi muri Rukoma, ahahoze hitwa i Gitarama ubu ni mumajyepfo. ubu ni mukarere ka Kamonyi, ku ngoma ya Yuhi Gahindiro mu mwaka w'i 1700. Yari umupfakazi ariko afite abakwe n'abakazana. Nyirarunyonga ntiyigeze abura igisubizo ku kibazo cyose yabazwaga, kandi yasaga n'udasanzwe ugereranije n'abandi bagore bo mugihe cye.<ref>https://umuco.centreforelites.com/nyirarunyonga-yari-muntu-ki/</ref> Nyirarunyonga ubwo abahigi bari babyukije imbogo i KIgese mu nkuka ya Nyabarongo igeze mu kadasaya ka Ngoma, abagore baje kuyireba batangarira ukuntu ari inyamanswa nini, banatangira kugira impungenge z'abagabo babo bari bayikurikiye.<ref>https://ingenzinyayo.com/2016/02/18/menya-amateka-ya-shuga-mami-wa-mbere-witwa-nyirarunyonga/</ref><ref>https://imigani.rw/agakurikiwe-nabagabo-ntikabasiga/</ref> ariko Nyirarunyonga ntiyaterwa ubwoba n'imbogo, we yabonaga inyama kubera ko yari yarukanywe n'abagabo b'ibigwi. Niko kubwira abo bagore ati "Nimujyende Mwanike amasaka musye, mu bone icyo muri burishe inyama. Burya mubana n'abagabo mutazi!" Aha ninaho havuye wa mugani ugira uti " agakurikiwe n'abagabo,........".<ref>https://ingenzinyayo.com/2016/02/18/menya-amateka-ya-shuga-mami-wa-mbere-witwa-nyirarunyonga/</ref> === Ibikorwa bya Nyirarunyonga === Nyirarunyonga azwi ho ibikorwa byinshi bitandukanye byatumye yitwa uwo kurubu (shuga mami wa mbere). Yakundaga gusamabana n'abana babasore bakiri bato, maze ubwo abagore bagenzi be baje kumunegura impamvu asambana n'abana abyaye , arabasubiza ati:" Ntamupfakazi ugaya imboro." Nyirarunyonga kandi yaje kwudukana ingeso yo gusamabana n'abakwe be. Aha naho abagore bagenzi be baje kumubaza impamvu ashaka gusenyera abakobwa be, na none arabasubiza ati " Ntago arigusamba ahubwo mba mbatinyura".<ref>https://umuco.centreforelites.com/nyirarunyonga-yari-muntu-ki/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 8yk1cmoaedyts29zxcd5qfvj15qwmt1 Mwizerwa Angelique 0 22308 137619 129753 2026-09-15T16:45:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mwizerwa Angelique''' ni [[umugore]] akaba [[umunyarwandakazi]] aho ari umukinnyi w'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] mu [[Rwanda]] akaba na kapiteni w'[[ikipe]] y'Igihugu ya mavubi y'[[Umugore|abakobwa]] .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/151970/Sports/nibagwire-named-she-amavubi-skipper-ahead-of-cecafa-champs</ref><ref>https://umuseke.rw/nyinawumuntu-yavuze-ku-bibazo-bivugwa-ko-afitanye-nabakinnyi/</ref> == Ubuzima == == Umwuga == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Femme]] fswbzann3cqrhyciqtevlh918c9xw2i Mutuyemariya Florentine 0 22309 137620 129754 2026-09-15T16:45:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutuyemariya Florentine''' cyangwa se Kalaba, ni [[umunyarwandakazi]] akaba ari umukinnyi w'[[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] ukina mu [[ikipe]] y'abagore ya [[AS Kigali Women F.C.AS Kigali Women F.C.AS Kigali Women F.C.|AS Kigali WFC]].<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/amavubi-yabagore-arashinjwa-guhamagara-abakinnyi-batabikwiye-151878</ref> == Umwuga == Mutuyemariya Florentine yamenyekanye nk'umukinnyi ufite ubuhanga, aho yafunguye amazamu mu mukino wa Shampiyona y'Abagore y'Icyiciro cya Mbere, aho AS Kigali yatsinze Bugesera WFC.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Femme]] gyl6v6ftoojcccsvpsnxv4qje90t1be Umutambagiro Mutagatifu 0 22312 137449 129759 2026-09-15T15:14:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137449 wikitext text/x-wiki Umutambagiro mutagatifu ni igikorwa cyatangijwe na Abraham afatanyije n’umuhungu we Ismail. Bavuga ko Intumwa y’Imana Muhamad ari we waje gutangiza ku mugaragaro icyo gikorwa mu mwaka wa 9 wa Hijiri, ugendeye ku ndangaminsi y’Abayisilamu. <ref name=":0">[https://imvahonshya.co.rw/abayisilamu-70-mu-rwanda-biyandikishije-kwitabira-umutambagiro-mutagatifu-i-makkah/ » Abayisilamu 50 mu Rwanda biyandikishije kwitabira Umutambagiro Mutagatifu i Makkah ImvahoNshya]</ref> == Ibyo wamenya == Umutambagiro mutagatifu ukorerwa i Macca mu ngoro yubatswe na Abraham n’umuhungu we Ismail. Abakora Umutambagiro Mutagatifu, bakora ibikorwa bitandukanye birimo amasengesho, gusura ibice bitandukanye by’amateka yaranze Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad no gukora indi mihango itandukanye igamije kwiyegereza Imana cyane. kandi bikaba ari itegeko kuri buri muyisilamu ufite ubushobozi bw’imbaraga z’umubiri n’iz’amafaranga. <ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/article/ntabwo-ari-ubwa-mbere-umutambagiro-mutagatifu-usubitswe-mufti-w-u-rwanda Ntabwo ari ubwa mbere umutambagiro mutagatifu usubitswe – Mufti w’u Rwanda - Kigali Today]</ref>Ni itegeko rya Isilamu rireba umuntu ufite imyaka y’ubukure warenze imyaka yo kwitwa umwana; si itegeko ku mwana, si itegeko kandi ku muntu ufite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe. Ikindi kandi ku badafite imbaraga z’umubiri bari mu zabukuru cyangwa bafite ubumuga bw’ingingo bashyiriweho uburyo bwo gukora umutambagiro aho bahabwa utugare kugira ngo babashe kuzuza iyo nkingi ya gatanu. Kandi buri gihugu kiba gifite umubare ntarengwa w’abantu bacyo cyagenewe kujyana kuko bitemewe ko umuntu ajya gukora umutambagiro mutagatifu ku giti cye yijyanye atajyanye n’itsinda ry’abaturutse mu gihugu runaka bikaba kandi bibujijwe ko Igihugu cyajyana umunyamahanga. Mu bihe bya kera ibihugu byemererwaga gutwara abanyamahanga baza kubikuraho kuko byagaragaye ko hari abanyagihugu batabonaga ayo mahirwe kubera ko abanyamahanga babaye benshi kandi batanga amafaranga menshi kuko hari ibihugu biba bifite abayisilamu benshi ku buryo umubare bemerewe wuzura bakajya guhagurukira mu bindi bihugu biza guhagarikwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Inkingi Eshanu z'Idini ya Isilamu == Ubundi hari inkingi eshanu idini ya Isilamu ishingiraho zibimburirwa n’ inkinyi yo Kwemera Imana imwe rukumbi na Mohamed akaba intumwa yayo.Inkingi ya Kabiri ni Ugusenga nibura 5 ku munsi, inkingi ya gatatu ni ugutanga ituro ku muyisilamu wese ubushoboye, iryo turo rifasha abatishoboye. Inkingi ya kane ni Ugusiba mu gihe cy’ukwezi, bigakorwa rimwe mu mwaka, ariko umuyisilamu ubishatse wifuza kubona ibihembo by’Imana, ahobora no gusiba kenshi mu mwaka. Inkingi ya gatanu ni ugukora umutambagiro mutagatifu ubera i Maka,nibura rimwe mu buzima.Ibyo gukora umutambagiro mutagatifu i Maka, Abayisilamu babishingira ku mateka yo mu gitabo gitagatifu Korowani. Kuko aho i Maka ari ho hari inyubako ntagatifu yitwa Kaaba, ikaba yarubatswe ku itegeko ry’Imana yubakwa mu gihe cy’umukurambere Aburahamu.<ref name=":1">[https://umuseke.rw/abanyarwanda-barenga-50-bitabiriye-umutambagiro-mutagatifu-hijja/ Abanyarwanda barenga 50 bitabiriye Umutambagiro Mutagatifu “Hijja” – UMUSEKE]</ref> Intumwa y’Imana Mohamed nayo ikomoka mu gisekuru cya Aburahamu yahawe inshingano zo gukomeza kubaka iyo nyubako kugira ngo Abayisilamu bo ku isi yose yajya baza kuyizenguruka baramya Imana.Umuyisilamu wese aho atuye hose ku isi, iyo asenga agomba kuba yerekeje uburanga bwe ahari iyo nyubako ntagatifu ya Kaaba.Mu misigiti yo mu Rwanda Ahubakwa “Minbar” wagereranya n’uruhimbi rwo mu rusengero, hagenwa bikurikije ahari iyo nyubako ntagatifu i Maka muri Arabia Saudite, no mu ngo z’Abayisilamu, ni ko bigenda, Umuyisilamu ugiye gusenga (Gusali) ntiyerekeza uburanga bwe aho abonye, ahubwo baba barigishijwe uko umuntu agena icyerekezo cy’i Maka ahari inyubako ntagatifu ya Kaaba, bityo agasali yerekejeyo isura.Ikindi kandi gituma Abayisilamu bakorera umutambagiro mutagatifu i Maka, ni uko ari ho idini ya isilamu yavukiye, ndetse n’intumwa y’Imana Mohamed akaba ari ho akomoka.Umutambagiro mutagatifu w’i Maka “Hijj” ugira amahame awugenga.Icya mbere ni uko uwukora ahitamo Hajj ashaka gukora kuko irimo amoko atatu ariyo “Tamattou” “Al Qiran” cyangwa “Al Ifrâd”. Yose ikaba imitambagiro yemewe, ariko bamwe mubasobanukiwe n’uyu mutambagiro Hajji bavuga ko bitandukanira ku bitambo, ngo iyo ufite igitambo ukora Tamattou, ariko udafite igitambo akora uwo mutambagiro witwa Al Ifrad. <ref>[https://islamhouse.com/read/rw/umutambagiro-mutagatifu-hijja-igice-cya-mbere-hija-822169 Umutambagiro Mutagatifu Hijja igice cya mbere HIJA - IslamHouse.com]</ref>Ujya gutangira uwo mutambagiro, agomba kubanza akajya kuri imwe muri za “Miqat” esheshatu, ni ukuvuga aho abantu bagomba kunyura aho muri Arabia, bitewe n’aho baje baturutse. Aho kuri “Miqat” ni ahantu umuntu afatira umugambi w’uko agiye kwitwara mu mutambagiro mutagatifu. Iyo umuntu ageze kuri “Miqat”,ari umugabo agomba kwambara ibyo bita “Ihram”. Ihram ni ibintu bimeze nk’ibitenge cyangwa nk’amashuka y’umweru, kimwe akagikenyera ikindi akakitera, ariko nta kindi ashyiramo imbere, kuko ntibyemewe kwambara ikariso muri icyo gihe cy’umutambagiro. Abagore bo ngo bakomeza kwambara imyambaro yabo isanzwe ariko batipfutse mu maso no ku ntoki. Ku munsi wa 8 w’ukwezi kwa 12 ari na wo wambere w’umutambagiro, abakora umutambagiro mutagatifu barara mu Kibaya kitwa Mina, ni ahantu haba harateguwe neza, hubatswe amahema arimo ibyangombwa byose bikenewe ku Muyisilamu uje mu mutambagiro. Aho rero barara basenga, bavuga ko nta yindi Mana ibaho, bakitunganya, bubahiriza ibijyanye n’umutambagiro byose.<ref>[https://www.hanganews.com/2024/06/17/dore-ibyo-utari-uzi-ku-mutambagiro-mutagatifu-ubera-i-maka-mu-rwanda-bishimiye-ko-rwandair-isigaye-igerayo/ Dore ibyo utari uzi ku mutambagiro mutagatifu ubera i Maka – Mu Rwanda bishimiye ko RwandAir isigaye igerayo batazengurutse – HANGANEWS]</ref> Kuri uyu munsi kandi ukora urugendo abanza kujya mu Musigiti wa Al-Haram agasenga isengesho rya saa sita ryitwa “Dhor”. Iyo bukeye mu gitondo ku munsi wa 9, bajya mu Kibaya cya Arafat, aha mu kibaya cya Arafat ahari “Umusozi w’impuhwe “Djabani Rahma” aho Adamu yahuriye na Hawa (Eva) ni ahantu hafatwa nk’ahakomeye muri uwo mutambagiro, kuko barahirirwa, haba haje abahanga bakomeye muri Islamu bakigisha abari mu mutambagiro. Bahamara umunsi wose, bakahasengera bahava izuba rirenze, nimugoba bakarara ahitwa “Mouzdalifa”, ni ahantu hameze nka “transit “ bava mu Kibaya cya Arafat basubira Mina.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} evxdtcqq7k3ik7s2qz9ccu6hifspzd7 Ndabaga 0 22313 137405 129837 2026-09-15T14:52:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137405 wikitext text/x-wiki Kera hambere umugabo yabaye aho, az kubyara umwana w'umukobwa amwita izina Ndabaga. Amaze kumubyara, asiga ari uruhinja. Aratabara, nuko yabona abaturutse iwabo nabo baje kw'itabaro akababaza uko umwana we angana. Bakamubwira ngo ameze kuba inkumi ni mukuru. abandi batabaranye nawe bagakurwa bagataha, we akabura umukura, kuko yari yaravutse ari umwana umwe, nawe akaba yaratarabyara umutabazi.<ref>https://imigani.rw/ndabaga/</ref> Ndabaga akura atazi se, amaze kuba inkumi amaze kumenya ubwenge, yiga gusimbuka no kurasa. Aho kwitoza imirimo y;abakobwa, akihata imirimo y'abahungu gusa, abandi abandi bakabiseka batazi icyo abigirira. Ndabaga yashakaga uko yazajya gucungura se mu itabaro kuko yari ahamaze imyaka itabarika.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/umuco/article/umugore-wabaye-intwari-ikomeye-kurusha-abandi-mu-mateka-y-u-rwanda</ref> Ndabaga yaragiraga inka akazishora, akazicira icyarire, akazisasira, akazikenura kuburyo bwose. Ndabaga amaze kuba inkumi, ajya mu bucuzi,asaba kumucuzi kumuca amabere, ati "kandi nzabahemba" amabere ayamukirizaho, bamwomoza imigera icanye. amaze gukura abwira nyina ati "Ngiye gucungura data,dore ikigihe cyose amaze ibwami"<ref>https://imigani.rw/ndabaga/</ref> Ndabaga araboneza ajya gutabara. ageze mu rugerero aboneza asanga se,nta we abajije, aramwibwira. Nuko bajya ahiherereye. Ndabaga abwira se ko yize imiimo y'abahungu kuburyo nta muhungu umurusha gusimbuka cyangwa ngo amurushe kwivuga cyangwa kurasa. ata "Ejo uzizinduke utaha nzagusigarira ibwami." Buracya ise arataha.<ref>https://igicumbi.com/umugani-wa-ndabaga/</ref> Biratinda baza kumenya ko Ndabaga ari umukobwa! Babwira umwami,biramutangaza cyane, ati "Nta mukobwa ugira ubutwari nka we!" Nuko umwami ahamagaza ingabo zari mu itabaro ati "Nimutahe ibintu byageze iwa Ndabaga! Mbega n'iyo byageze u Rwanda rusigaye ruhuruza n'abagore!"<ref>https://igicumbi.com/umugani-wa-ndabaga/</ref> Umwami abaza Ndabaga Inka yazanye! Ndabaga ati "ni nyinshi." Umwami azimugororera zose kandi ati "Ugende ubwire so ko yabyaye!" Ni aha imvugo yavuye ngo "Ibintu byageze iwa Ndabaga!"<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/umuco/article/umugore-wabaye-intwari-ikomeye-kurusha-abandi-mu-mateka-y-u-rwanda</ref> Ndabaga nti yari intwari gusa, ahubwo yari n'umunyabwenge n' umunyakuri wakundaga igihugu n'umuryango we cyane. Inkuru ye igaragaza ko nubwo yari umukobwa yashoboye gukora ibirenze ibyari byitenzwe kuri we icyo gihe. Ibi byatumye ahinduka urugero rwiza rw'ubutwari n'ubwitange ku Banyarwanda bose <ref>https://imigani.rw/ndabaga/</ref>. Iyinkuru itwigisha ko umuntu agomba kugira intego no gukorera inzozi ze atitaye ku byo abandi bavuga, Ndabaga yagaragaje ko ubwitange n'umurava bituma umuntu agera ku intsinzi.<ref>https://imigani.rw/ndabaga/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} oakc6yos7vajclvqa83yrw3xfhre541 Nyiramibambwe 0 22315 137582 129765 2026-09-15T16:24:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137582 wikitext text/x-wiki Nyiramibambwe ni umwe mubagore bavugwa cyane mumateka y'u Rwanda,cyane mu gihe cy'ubwami. Yari azwi Nkumugore w'umwami witwaga Mibambwe I Sekarongoro Mutabazi, umwe mu bami bakomeye bo hambere mumateka y'urwanda. <ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/</ref> Nyiramibambwe yari umugabekazi, kandi izina rye rikomoka ku mugabo we Mibambwe. Mu muco nyarwanda wa kera ,umugore w'umami yitirirwaga izina ry'umwami, ari ho haturutse Nyiramibambwe.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/</ref> === Amateka yaranze Nyiramibambwe === Yafashaga umwami kuyobora igihugu cyane mu mibereho n'ubuzima bw'ibwami nk'umugabe kazi kandi yagiraga ijambo rikomeye mubibazo by'ibwami harimo n'imibanire y'imiryango n'abatware.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/gicumbi-uwashatse-abagore-umunani</ref> Yari mu bagore bagize uruhare mugukomeza umuco n'imigenzo y'abanyarwanda bo hambere.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/gicumbi-uwashatse-abagore-umunani</ref> === Icyo azwiho === Nubwo atanditsweho amateka menshi cyane ku buryo burambuye nk'ay'abami, Nyiramibambwe yakunze kuvugwa nk'urugero rwabagore bafite ijambo rikomeye mu bwami bw'u Rwanda bwa Kera ikindi gikomeye kurusha ibindi nuko yagiraga igitsure cyatumaga abasha kunoza inshingano ze nkumugabe kazi.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/abami-10-bashatse-abagore-benshi-mu-mateka-y-u-rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 8f6pbap4donzrfj796tqy65c5vjcnxs Isakaramentu ry'ukarisitiya 0 22326 137467 129809 2026-09-15T15:17:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137467 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The seven Sacrament.jpg|thumb|Ikarisitoya]] '''Ukaristiya''' ni Isakaramentu ririmo [[Yezu Kirisitu|Yezu kristu]] ubwe gusa, n’[[umubiri]] we n’[[AMARASO|amaraso]] ye, mu bimenyetso by’[[umugati]] na divayi, akatubera icyarimwe Igitambo, Ifunguro  n’Incuti tubana .<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/Inkuru-Zicukumbuye/article/inkomoko-y-umunsi-mukuru-w-isakaramentu-ry-ukaristiya</ref><ref>https://www.diocesekibungo.com/rw/2021/06/14/ukaristiya-ni-isakaramentu-ryubumwe-bwacu-nkingingo-nzima-zumubiri-wa-kristu-2/</ref> == Isakaramentu == Abakristu bahimbaza iri sakaramentu binyuze mu Gitambo cya Misa, kandi bakagaragaza ukwemera kwabo binyuze mu gushengerera Yezu mu Isakaramentu no gukora ingendo nyagatifu aribyo [[Umutambagiro|imitambagiro]].<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] 28mner2pwj56zodae3yqrj5q59fkft3 Isimbi model 0 22328 137563 136453 2026-09-15T16:06:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137563 wikitext text/x-wiki == Isimbi Model == MURAGIJIMANA VESTINE uzwi ku izina rya Isimbi the model ukunda kwiyita umukobwa wo mu cyaro ni umunyarwandakazi wa rwiyemezamirimo, umunyamideli, ndetse n'umu infuruwensa wavukiye i Gitwe mu Karere ka Ruhango. Yavutse mu 1990 avukira mu muryango wishimye yaje kubura mu 1994 muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda; azakubura bamubona nyuma y'imyaka 5 aho yasanzwe mu kigo cy'imfubyi atangira kurerwa na nyirakuru kuva icyo gihe. Isimbi kuva kera yari umukobwa w'umushabitsi aho yacuruzaga imboga n'imbuto afite imyaka 9 agakuramo ayo kwishyura ibikoresho by'ishuri ndetse akanafasha nyirakuru kuko bari abana benshi.<ref>https://isimbi-group.com/</ref><ref>https://isimbi-group.com/our-story/</ref> == Umuryango == Yashakanye na SHAUL HATZIR uturuka muri Isiraheli(Israel) muri 2022. Bahuye 2018 muri Kigali Convention Center bose bavuye mu nama, amwambika impeta ya fiyansaye 2019, basezerana mu rukiko 2021, kuri 20 Gashyantare 2022 nibwo bakoze ubukwe muri Kigali Concention center. <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/isimbi-model-yavuye-imuzi-urukundo-rwe-n-umugabo-we-ukomoka-muri-israel</ref> == Imirimo akora == Afite ibikorwa bitandukanye ahuriza mu kigo kimwe cyitwa ISIMBI GROUP kigizwe na: * GIFT TEA $ COFFEE limited, * GOLDEN MODELS na * ISIMBI COSMETICS AND IMPORT.<ref>https://isimbi-group.com/our-story/</ref> == Intego ye == Ni umwe mu banyarwandakazi bizerako gusangiza abandi inkuru ye byafasha wa mwana w'umukobwa uri guca mu bihe bikomeye.Aho agira ati:"Nshaka ko inkuru yanjye abo bana bato babakobwa batagomba gucika intege mu gushaka ubuzima bwiza."<ref>https://isimbi-group.com/our-story/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 0bddhmfux5fwud9qaolp67xyztri74v Igihango cy'Urushako 0 22329 137527 129790 2026-09-15T15:54:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137527 wikitext text/x-wiki Inkomoko y’urushako ni Imana. Urushako rukwiye kubaho uko Imana ishaka kandi rugaharanira inyungu z’Imana. Urushako si amasezerano ahubwo ni isezerano cyangwa igihango. == Ibyo Twamenya ku Igihango cy'Urushako == Igihango ntikigira iherezo kuko ntacyo wakora ngo usibe amateka, ahubwo uhora wibukako hari igihango wagiranye n’umuntu. Ku ruhande rwawe ukora ku buryo ubuhemu butazaguturukaho kugira ngo no mu gihe byanze rwose, umutima ntuzigere ugushinja ko ari wowe watatiye igihango. Urugo rwubakwa n’imbabazi, iyo uhuye n’uwagiriye ibibazo mu rushako ntakubwira intege nke ze ahubwo avuga iza mugenzi we. Agaragaza ko mugenzi we ari we umunanije. Umuntu wese muri twe anezeze mugenzi we kugira ngo amubere inyunganizi amukomeze, buri wese akwiriye gufasha mugenzi we kugira ngo amwunganire, amukomeze.<ref name=":0">[https://igihe.com/inkuru-zanyu/article/ese-wari-uzi-ko-urushako-ari-igihango Ese wari uzi ko urushako ari igihango? - IGIHE.com]</ref> Hari abantu bajya murushako bumva bagiye kugerageza kugira ngo nibyanga bazatandukane. Gusa iyo wiyemeje, burya ujye umenya ko ari akaramata kandi ko uzaba wanditse amateka atazibagirana. Kimwe mu bituma ingo zangirika ni uko inyinshi nta Mana ibamo. Igihe cyose Imana atari yo yabanje imbere mu rushako, ngo ibe urufatiro rwubakiyeho, umenyako imiyaga niza bitazoroha. Ntibivuzeko ingo z’abubaha Imana zidahura n’ibibazo. Biraza ariko urufatiro rw’iyo nzu urushako rukomeza gukomera.<ref>[https://urushako.rw/wp/ Urushako.rw - Inyigisho zagufasha kubaka urugo rwiza]</ref> Urugo ni umushinga watangijwe n’Imana mu ngobyi ya Edeni. Kuva icyo gihe ibibera mu rugo Imana ibikurikiranira hafi kuko ntiyari gukomeza kubumbabumba itaka ngo abantu babeho. Ahubwo yahisemo guhuza umugabo n’umugore ngo babyare bororoke bakwire isi, bigishe urubyaro rwabo kuramya Imana. Kandi Uwiteka Imana iravuga iti si byiza ko umuntu aba wenyine, imuremere umufasha umukwiriye.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} mqmvfydrh51md0f97jk92qxhq809n0z Isengesho 0 22333 137369 134151 2026-09-15T14:31:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137369 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mandalay, Buddhist prayer, Praying women of Myanmar.jpg|thumb|Gusenga]] '''Isengesho''' ni ukuganira n'[[Imana]]. Ni ikiganiro kiba hagati y'umuntu n'Imana yamuremye rero Isengesho ni yo nzira ya mbere Abizera bahawe yo kumenyesha Imana amarangamutima yabo no kubaho mu busabane bweruye hagati yabo n'[[Imana]].<ref>https://bazabibiriya.org/index.php?qa=478&qa_1=isengesho-ni-iki</ref><ref>https://www.jw.org/rw/inyigisho-bibiliya/ibibazo/ni-iki-nasaba-mu-isengesho/</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/isengesho-ryumunyabyaha-ni-iki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-21 |archive-date=2026-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260315020310/https://yegob.rw/isengesho-ryumunyabyaha-ni-iki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uko basenga == Isengesho ushobora kurikora uvuga byumvikana cyangwa se kimwe rishobora gukorwa bucece, utavuga, isengesho rikorwa hagati y'umuntu umwe n'Imana, cyangwa hagati y'abantu benshi mbese itsinda icyarimwe n'Imana. Isengesho hari ibintu 3 by'ingenzi rigomba kuba ryujuje: * Buri sengesho ryose ritegerezwa gukorwa mu kwizera * Buri sengesho ryose rigomba gukorwa mu izina rya Yesu * Ukubaho k'Umwuka Wera n'imbaraga ze<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] ej6ql05wvhcs2uknlsf2ve6qvlu3nfa Igaburo ryera 0 22335 137621 129797 2026-09-15T16:45:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137621 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Breads of Moskovskaya Oblast. img 008.jpg|thumb|umugati mu igaburo ryera]] '''Igaburo Ryera''' cyangwa '''Ifunguro Ryera''' ) ni umuhango ukomeye mu bukristo ushushanya gusangira umubiri n'amaraso bya [[Yezu Kirisitu|Yesu Kristo]] binyuze mu kurya umutsima no kunywa amaraso yiwe nkingi yu bukrosto ndetse n'ikimenyesho Yesu Kristo yadusigiye.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/ifoto-ku-munsi-w-ifunguro-ryera-mu-rusengero-rwa-prophet-sultan</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/pasiteri-desire-wo-muri-adepr-yerekanye-ibimenyetso-bigera-kuri-7-biranga</ref> == Umuhango == Igaburo ryera mu matorero menshi, uyu muhango ugenewe abamaze kwizera no kubatizwa, kandi basabwa kubanza kwisuzuma mu mutima no kwihana ibyaha mbere yo kuwegera, ndetse abapasteri cyangwa abayobozi b'itorero bakoresha uyu muhango nk'ikimenyetso cyo kuvugurura isezerano hagati y'umwizera n'Imana.<ref>https://www.gotquestions.org/Kinyarwanda/Igaburo-Ryera.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] tiz2i82zjwg57gu3w1ylqm7rwmlkq6i Ukaristiya 0 22336 137348 129798 2026-09-15T14:28:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137348 wikitext text/x-wiki Ukaristiya ni isengesho rikuru, risingiza Imana kandi rikayishimira. Nk’uko Gatigisimu ibivuga. Ukaristiya ni isakramentu ririmo Yezu Kristu n’umubiri we n’amaraso ye, mu bimenyetso by’umugati na Divayi, akabera icyarimwe igitambo. == Tumenye Isakramentu Ukaristiya == Ukaristiya rikomoka ku ijambo ry’ikigereki (Eucharistia), riva ku nshinga (Eucharistein) bivuga gushimira, rikavuga kandi kimwe n’irindi jambo (Eulogein). Aya magambo yibutsa ugushimira kw’Abayahudi, igihe bamamazaga ibikorwa by’Imana cyane cyane mu gihe cya Pasika. Gutura igitambo cy’Ukaristiya ni ugusangira isengesho ryo kwibuka gushimira Imana. Kuva kera gushimira Imana biri mu muco w’abantu bayo. Umunsi mukuru w’Isakaramentu Ritagatifu ry’umubiri n’amaraso bya Yezu, wahimbajwe bwa mbere mu mateka mu mwaka wa 1246.<ref name=":0">[https://www.kigalitoday.com/Inkuru-Zicukumbuye/article/inkomoko-y-umunsi-mukuru-w-isakaramentu-ry-ukaristiya Inkomoko y’Umunsi mukuru w’Isakaramentu ry’Ukaristiya - Kigali Today]</ref> Kuwizihiza bwa mbere byabaye mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatatu biturutse ku mubikira Yuliyana wa Koroniyo Julienne de Cornillon, muri Diyoseze ya Liyeje (Liège) mu Bubiligi. Ni Papa Urbain IV wasabyeko uwo munsi mukuru wajya uhimbazwa muri Kiliziya y’isi yose. Icyari kigamijwe mu guhimbaza uwo munsi mukuru batambagiza Isakaramentu ritagatifu, kwari ukongera gushishikariza abakiristu kujya bahazwa ari benshi, kuko muri icyo gihe bahazwaga ari ngerere, bivuze ko ntacyo Yezu uri mu isakaramentu ry’Ukarisitiya yari akibabwiye. Nyamara kwa kino gihe, iyo umuntu yitegereje, kuba abantu bahazwa ari benshi cyane, si cyo kimenyetso gifatika cy’urukundo n’inyota abantu bafitiye Yezu uri muri Karistiya. <ref name=":1">[https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/ese-koko-yezu-ari-mu-ukaristiya Ese koko Yezu ari mu Ukaristiya? - IGIHE.com]</ref> == Amateka y'Isakrantu ry'Ukaristiya == Isakaramentu Ritagatifu nyuma yo guhaza basigazaga Isakaramentu rigenewe abarwayi n’abagiye gupfa, nta kindi babaga bagambiriye. Kuva mu 1209, umubikira Yuliyana yagize amabonekerwa menshi, maze umunsi umwe ahishurirwa ko hari umunsi ubuze muri Kiliziya gatolika ari wo w’Isakaramentu Ritagatifu. Uwo mubikira yasabwe guharanira ko wajyaho kugira ngo abakirisitu bemere ko Yezu Kristu ari mu Isakaramentu ry’Ukaristiya, ubutumwa arabutangira, ariko ahura n’ibigeragezo. Abakire bo muri uwo mujyi bahagurukiye kumurwanya kuko basabwaga gusiba kurya kuri uwo munsi, ntibabone uko binezeza. Abihayimana na bo baramurwanyije bamushinja kwihangishwaho. <ref>[https://archdioceseofkigali.org/yezu-muri-ukaristiya-igitambo-ifunguro-ninshuti-tubana/ Yezu muri Ukaristiya : igitambo, ifunguro n’inshuti tubana – Archidiocèse de KIGALI.]</ref>Byamuviriyemo guhunga, ava aho yari atuye mu muryango, akihishahisha mu bigo by’abihayimana.Ibyo bigeragezo ntibyamubujije gukomeza gushishikariza abantu uwo munsi mukuru waje kwemerwa na Papa Urban wa 4 tariki ya 8 Nzeri mu mwaka 1264. Icyemezo cya Papa Urban cyanafatiye ku kuba muri icyo gihe hari umupadiri w’i Boheme witwa Petero wa Prage washidikanyaga bikomeye ko Yezu ashobora kuba ari mu bimenyetso by’Umugati na Divayi, waje kubigaragarizwa mu buryo bufatika. Umunsi umwe uwo mupadiri yari yakoze urugendo nyobokamana, arimo atura igitambo cya Misa, ageze mu gihe cya konsekarasiyo aho padiri azamura umugati na Divayi yigana Yezu wavuze ko ari umubiri n’amaraso ye abona Hositiya ihindutse ukundi, ifata ibara ry’iroza, maze itangira kuva amaraso, ibitonyanga byayo bigwa ku nsasirwagitambo no hasi kuri sima.<ref>[https://www.dioceseruhengeri.org/?dernieres-nouvelles/uburyo-yezu-kristu-aba-mu-ukaristiya Uburyo Yezu Kristu aba mu Ukaristiya]</ref><ref name=":1" /> Icyo gihe uwo mupadiri ngo yahise agwa mu kantu, abura icyo akora n’icyo areka, nuko kera kabaye yigira inama yo gusubika igitambo cya Misa, afata rya sakaramentu arijyana mu Sakirisitiya. Ibi byahuruje abantu benshi harimo na Papa Urban wa 4, waje gutangaza ku mugaragaro ko hagomba kubaho muri Kiliziya umunsi mukuru w’Isakaramentu Ritagatifu kugira ngo abakirisitu baramye Yezu uri mu gisa n’Umugati na Divayi.Uwo munsi yawushyize ku munsi wa kane ukurikira iminsi umunani nyuma ya Pentekositi, awugira itegeko ku bakristu bose, anasaba uwaje kuba Mutagatifu Tomasi w’Akwini gushyira ku murongo ibijyanye n’uko uzajya ugenda.Icyakora, icyo gihe habayeho abasenyeri n’abahanga mu bya tewolojiya inyigisho z’ubuhanga mu by’iyobokamana barwanyije icyo cyemezo, byatumye Papa Clement wa 5 akigarukaho, yemeza burundu uwo munsi mu mwaka 1311.<ref>[https://www.diocesecyangugu.com/ukaristiya-ikimenyetso-cyurukundo-inyigisho-ku-munsi-wisakaramentu-ritagatifu/ Ukaristiya, ikimenyetso cy’urukundo. Inyigisho ku munsi w’Isakaramentu Ritagatifu - Diocèse Catholique de Cyangugu]</ref> Kugeza icyo gihe, umutambagiro ntiwagendaga nk’uko tuwuzi uyu munsi. Washyizweho na Papa Yohani wa 22, mu mwaka 1318, wasabye ko igihe bizihiza uwo munsi abakirisitu bazajya bakora umutambagiro mu muhanda no mu mayira kugira ngo Yezu ayihe umugisha. Inama Nkuru ya Kiliziya yabereye i Taranti mu mwaka wa 1545 kugeza mu mwaka 1563 nayo yemeje uwo mutambagiro, maze ihamya ko iyo abakirisitu batambagiza Isakaramentu Ritagatifu ku manywa y’ihangu baba bahamya ukwemera kwabo ko Yezu ari rwose mu Isakaramentu Ritagatifu ry’Ukaristiya.I Roma ho umutambagiro watangiye gukorwa mu kinyejana cya 15, igihe Nicolas wa 5 yari Papa.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 0zjolcujj2cegihd0eu1g0fno8stegp Gushengerera 0 22338 137385 129801 2026-09-15T14:40:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137385 wikitext text/x-wiki Gushengera ni ukurangamira Yezu Kristu uri mu isakaramentu ry’ukaristiya, ukamwiyegurira wese mu ndoro no mu bitekerezo bityo ugashobora gutuza no kumutega amatwi ngo wumve icyo akuganiriza.<ref name=":0">[https://izinaryayezu.wordpress.com/2017/11/02/gushengerera-yezu-inyigisho-idukundisha-gushengerera-yezu-mu-ukaristiya/comment-page-1/ GUSHENGERERA YEZU. Inyigisho idukundisha gushengerera Yezu mu Ukaristiya. – IZINA RYA YEZU]</ref> == Ibindi wamenya ku Gushengerera == Mu gihe cyo gushengerera, ukaristiya ntagatifu ishyirwa mu gikoresho cyabugenewe cyererana ku buryo isakaramentu rigaragarira ushoboye kureba icyo gikoresho. Mu masengesho yose abaho muri kiliziya gatolika, irisaba umutuzo kurusha ayandi ni iri ryo gushengerera. Bisaba umutuzo uhagije, ugomba gutuza muri wowe, ugacecekesha amajwi yose akubyiganiramo. Ushengerera agirwa inama yo kudahambira umutima we ku bitekerezo bidafite akamaro. Ibibazo, imihangayiko, umujinya n’ibindi bikurimo ntugomba kubyizirikaho ahubwo ubitura Yezu ugaharanira ko muri iryo sengesho nta wundi wundi Roho, umutima n’ubwenge byawe bizirikanaho keretse Yezu uri aho mu karistiya.<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/document/644041066/Gushengerera-YEZU-mu-Ukaristiya Gushengerera Yezu mu Ukaristiya | PDF]</ref> Ibi ntabwo byoroheye umuntu, niyo mpamvu tugomba gusaba Imana ingabire yo kwisiga no kwizera. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko uri cyangwa winjiye ahantu ho gusengera, aho urahurira na Yezu mu Isakaramentu ry’Ukaristiya; bityo ni ngombwa gutegurira ku buryo bwimbitse umutima wawe kwinjira aho hantu.Ushengerera ntagomba kumara umwanya we asaba cyangwa aganya. Agomba gushimira agasabana n’Imana. <ref name=":1">[https://radiotv10.rw/dore-inama-zagufasha-guhura-na-yezu-mu-isengesho-ryihariye-rihatse-andi-muri-kiliziya-gatulika/ Dore inama zagufasha guhura na Yezu mu isengesho ryihariye rihatse andi muri Kiliziya Gatulika – RADIOTV10]</ref>Aho kwirirwa atekereza ku byo abura, ushengerera agomba gushimira Imana uko abayeho, ibyo atunze ndetse n’ibyo azabona ejo. Mu gihe unaniwe cyangwa uhuye n’ibirangaza bikurogoya, ntugomba gucika intege ahubwo ongera utangire isengesho ryawe ryo mu mutima rituje kandi usabe inkunga ya Roho Mutagatifu kugira ngo imbaraga ze zigaragarize mu ntege nke zawe kandi zikubere buri gihe umuyobozi wawe.Kuguma mu mutuzo urimo uzirikane ko Bikira Mariya, inyenyeri yo mu rukerera akaba n’irembo ry’ijuru akuri hafi mu rugendo rwawe akwereka inzira kandi akugeze mu Ijuru. Ni we uzakumvisha ko igihe urangamiye Yezu mu mutuzo, uzabona ubutatu butagatifu muri wowe.<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Imigenzo mu Rwanda]] hso627x9m6oy1ihw68fx7k61bnyql95 Igitarano cya gikristo 0 22341 137640 129806 2026-09-15T16:48:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137640 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Chorale 1.jpg|thumb|mu gitaramo cya gikristo]] '''Igitaramo cya Gikristo''' ni igikorwa cyangwa umuhango uhuza abemera [[Yezu Kirisitu|Kristu]] bakamurindira, bakamusenga, cyangwa bakamusingiza binyuze mu ndirimbo n’ijambo ry’Imana. Ibi bitaramo bishobora kuba mu buryo butandukanye<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/iyobokamana/article/mu-gitaramo-cy-urwenya-rwa-gikristo-babou-yagaragaje-impano-yo-kubwiriza</ref> : == Gutarama == * '''Ibitaramo by’Iminsi Mikuru''' '''cyangwa Liturujiya''' Hari ibitaramo byihariye biba mu ijoro ribanziriza iminsi mikuru ikomeye muri Kiliziya cyangwa mu matorero, nka '''Igitaramo cya Pasika''' nko kwizihiza izuka rya Yezu cyangwa '''Igitaramo cya Noheli''' kwizihiza ivuka rya Yezu. * '''Ibitaramo by’Indirimbo''' '''ibi bizwi nka Concerts''' Ibi ni ibitaramo byateguwe aho abahanzi cyangwa amakorali baririmba indirimbo zihimbaza Imana hagamijwe ivugabutumwa cyangwa gushimisha abizera. * '''Ibitaramo byo Gusenga no Gushima''' Hari n’ibitaramo biba mu matorero cyangwa kuri televiziyo/radiyo byibanda ku masengesho, gushima Imana, no kwigisha ijambo ry’Imana mu buryo bwagutse. * '''Ibitaramo by’Urwenya rwa Gikristo:''' Rimwe na rimwe hategurwa n'ibitaramo byo kwidagadura birimo urwenya ariko rushingiye ku mahame n'indangagaciro za Gikristo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/Igitaramo-64209</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/mu-mafoto-byari-ibicika-mu-gitaramo-cyuburyohe-hillsong-london-yahuriyemo-na-benjamin-dube-123234</ref> Sibyo gusa kuko hari ama radio ndetse n'inyakira mashusho zifite muri gahunda yazo ibitaramo by'agikristo.<ref>https://www.amasezerano.com/igitaramo-slaves-of-worship-2019-kigarukanye-imbaraga-zidasanzwe/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] pdsvj3ozf7fqt8wr78h6yitnea77p70 Nadine Karema 0 22346 137386 129813 2026-09-15T14:40:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadine Karema''' ni umuyobozi w'indashyikirwa mu rwego rw'ubuzima mu Rwanda, ubu akaba ayobora umuryango Partners In Health(PIH). Azwi mu Rwanda nk'umuntu yaba nyabuzima doreko atari ya kariyeri yiwe. Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cyakabiri mu ikoranabuhanga yakuye muri kaminuza ya Alliant International University. yo muri amerika. Afite nindi mpamyabumenyi yikirenga mu micungire y'ibigo(Organizational Leadership).<ref>https://www.pih.org/article/meet-executive-director-leading-rwanda</ref> afite ubu nararibonye bw'imyaka 10 mugushyira mubikorwa gahunda z'ubuzima, cyane mugukoresha imibare n'ikoranabuhanga mugufata ibyemezo. Ubu ni umuyobozi wa GHE(University of Global Health Equity) i Butaro, ndetse ni numwarimu wigisha iby'imitegekere n'ikoranabuhanga mu buzima. Ikindi akora nk'umuhuza hagati ya PIH na Minisitere y'ubuzima mumatsinda yikoranabuhanga mubuzima.<ref>https://www.pih.org/article/meet-executive-director-leading-rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} luvj5vwu8tll69wq31z5xemo5x7xuwu Niyonkuru Florence 0 22347 137311 129815 2026-09-15T14:23:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137311 wikitext text/x-wiki Niyonkuru Florence umunyarwandakazi uzwi mugukina umukino wogusiganwa kumaguru, azwi cyane mugusiganwa mu ntera ndende ndetse ziringaniye nka marato nakimwe cya kabiri cya marato.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/minisitiri-mukazayire-yashimiye-niyonkuru-wahesheje-u-rwanda-ishema</ref> Niyonkuru Florence muri 2025 si cyera cyane ,yaciye agahigo kokuba ariwe munyarwandakazi watwaye irushanwa Kigali International Marathon ubwo yatsindiye umudari wa golude(gold) aho yari yahize abandi barenga 2899 basiganwaga muri iri rushanwa.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/27064/sports/other-sports/photos-rwandas-niyonkuru-strikes-gold-as-kenyas-korir-reclaims-kigali-marathon-title</ref> Ni isiganwa yegukanye akoresheje isaha imwe, iminota 10 n'amasegonda 14, arusha iminota icyenda n'amasegonda 13. Niyonkuru Florence akinira ikipe ya sina Gelard, yanegukanye umudari wa zahabu muri Lyon Half Marathon yaberaga mu bufaransa uyumunyarwanda kazi nkuwahize abandi yaje gushimwa na Minisitiri wa siporo Nelly Mukanzayire <ref>https://kigalimarathon.org/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} p931x2snw2h9hzqz5satx14pxiziatx Ikiriyo 0 22348 137750 129817 2026-09-15T17:07:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137750 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gukura ikiriyo.jpg|thumb|257x257px|gukura ikiriyo]] '''Ikiriyo''' ubundi ni umuhango w'[[Abanyarwanda|abanyarwand]]<nowiki/>a kuva kera mubakurambere akaba uwo kuboroga no guhoza umuryango wabapfushije, aho abaturanyi, inshuti n'abavandimwe bateranira mu rugo rw'uwapfushije bakamara [[Umunsi|iminsi]] m'ugahinda, bakamufasha kwakira no guhangana n'urupfu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/Kwirabura-no-kwera-byafashaga-Abanyarwanda-bapfushije-kudaheranwa-n-agahinda</ref> == Guhumuriza == Ikiriyo ni ni umwanya w'ubumwe n'ubufatanye mu bihe by'akababaro kandi ni igihe kirangwa no gusangira, guhumuriza ababuze, ndetse n'imigenzo irimo no gukura ikiriyo cyangwa se gusoza ikiriyo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ubwoko-bwinyamaswa-zikorera-ikiriyo-ngenzi-yazo-iyo-yapfuye-zikayishyingura-124688</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/article/ikiriyo-cyo-gushyingura-papa-cyiri-gutegurwa-akiri-muzima</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] c22r2qm25jy8jfe478l5gez8e9mmnl8 Kwirabura 0 22353 137543 132761 2026-09-15T16:04:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137543 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuhango wo gushyingura -isanduku mu irimbi.jpg|thumb|278x278px|gushyingura nyuma kwirabura]] '''Kwirabura''' ni ijambo rya kera mu [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]] mu muco wa kera wa bakurambere, byerekezaga ko ari [[umuhango]] wo kujya mu cyunamo cyangwa kugaragaza agahinda k'uwapfuye .<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/Kwirabura-no-kwera-byafashaga-Abanyarwanda-bapfushije-kudaheranwa-n-agahinda</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-igisobanuro-cy-imvugo-ndacyabunamiye-sindata-igiti</ref> == Kwera == Kwera ni uburyo bw’uruhererekane rwo kwakira urupfu. Kwirabura byabanzirizaga no kwera akaba wari umuhango wo gusoza ikiriyo abantu bakiyuhagira cyangwa bakisiga ingwa ko igihe cya marira kirangiye batangiye ubuzima bushya .<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/the-ben-ushinjwa-kwitukuza-yashatse-umuganga-umufasha-kongera-kwirabura</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] s7zh99apw59em4fp69h42uxga5fxuj2 Umunsi wa Mashami 0 22358 137564 136135 2026-09-15T16:06:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137564 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Palm Sunday in the Philippines 27.jpg|thumb|umunsi wa Mashami]] '''Umunsi wa Mashami''' ni [[umunsi]] mukuru w'abakirisitu wizihizwa ku cyumweru kibanziriza [[Pasika]], ni umunsi w'izihizwa n[[Kiliziya Gatolika|'idini ya kiliziya gatolike]]. uyu munsi ufatwa nk'intangiriro y'Icyumweru gitagatifu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://amizero.rw/inkomoko-yumunsi-mukuru-wa-mashami-nububabare-bwa-nyagasani-ubanziriza-pasika/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-22 |archive-date=2026-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421095004/https://amizero.rw/inkomoko-yumunsi-mukuru-wa-mashami-nububabare-bwa-nyagasani-ubanziriza-pasika/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imikindo == ni umunsi wizihizwa mu rwego rwo kwibuka igihe Yezu Kristu yinjiraga mu mugi wa Yeruzalemu nk'umwami, abemera bitwaza amashami y'imikindo mu gutambagira, bashaka kwigana uko abantu ba kera bakiriye Yezu bayasanza mu nzira no kuyazunguza mu kirere bamusingiza.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ibibazo-abantu-bakunda-kwibaza-ku-munsi-mukuru-wa-mashami-154552</ref><ref>https://www.nyundodiocese.info/Homelies/inyigisho-yicyumweru-cya-mashami-umwaka-c-tariki-13-mata-2025</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] sk93t4bbegu1r7grvernw1g49329cma Ibirundo mu Itorero Ry'abadivantisite 0 22360 137312 129831 2026-09-15T14:23:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibirundo''', Abadivantisite b'umunsi wa karindwi ni rimwe mu matorero abarizwa mu Rwanda kuva mumyaka myinshi itambutse ageza inyigisho z'ubutumwa bwiza kubemera bab'anyarwanda. hari ibikorwa binshi bitandukanye imigenzo, n'imihango babahiriza hari nicyi bita ibirundo.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/33846342/AMATEKA_YITORERO_RYABADIVENTISITI_BUMUNSI_WA_KARINDWI_I_NYANKORA</ref> === Ibirundo niki? === Ibirundo nigahunda idasanzwe yo gutanga amaturo cyangwa ituro ryo gushima Imana ibyo yagejeje ku bizera basengera mu itorero mugihe cy'umwaka. Bitandukanye nicyacumi gitangwa cyangwa ituro risanzwe ritangwa ryaburi sabato, uhubwo ni umwanya abizera bafatanyiriza hamwe gushima Imana kubwimigisha yabahaye mu mirirmo bakora yabo nk'ubuhizi ,ubucuruzi, ububumbyi, nibindi bitandukanye bibafasha mukwiteza imbere.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/33846342/AMATEKA_YITORERO_RYABADIVENTISITI_BUMUNSI_WA_KARINDWI_I_NYANKORA</ref> === Impamvu babyita Ibirundo? === Inyito "Ibirundo" bikomoka kuburyo kera amaturo yakusanywaga mu gihe cya Bibiliya mu gihe cy'ubwami Hezekiya, aho abantu bazanaga imyaka yabo bakayishyira hamwe kugeza ibaye ibiundo bini cyane. Si imyaka gusa baturaga bashoboraga no gutura amafaranga agakusanyirizwa hamwe kugeza abaye menshi Nkicyerekanaga ubwinshi bw'ishimwe ry'abizera. Iyigahunda ishingiye kubivugwa mubitabo 2Ngoma 31:4-10, aho abisirayeli bazanye amaturo menshi cyane bakayarunda hasi biba ibirundo.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/Itorero-ry-Abadiventisite-rigiye-kubwiriza-ubutumwa-bwo-kubaha-Imana-n-Igihugu</ref> === Niryari ayamaturo atangwa? === Mu Rwand ayamaturo y'ibirundo atangwa akunze gutangwa hagati y'amezi ya Gicurasi na Nyakanga. A kenshi bishingira kugihe kisarura kuri burigice kugirango abantu babone ibyo bashima Imana babikuyemu byo basaruye cyagwa mu nyungu babonye mu mirimo yaba bakora yaburi munsi.<ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/610008541/Amateka-Ya-Ja</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 08wqu8b3ux6c42ad71t3vq0kiiewizl Jeanne-Françoise Mubiligi 0 22361 137528 131464 2026-09-15T15:54:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137528 wikitext text/x-wiki Jeanne Francoise Mubiligi, ni umwe mubagore mbarwa bayoboye ibigo bitandukanye muri Africa, Kugeza ubu murwanda ayoboye Urugaga rwabikorera(PSF), ururugaga rubumbatiye ibihumbi by'ibigo by'ubucuruzi bifite agaciro kabarirwa mu mafaranga menshi. Yayoboye PSF kuva muri Gashyantare 2023, nyuma yaho uwari ukiyoboye yeguye kunshingano Robert Bapfakurera. yayoboye kandi ikigo gikora imirimo y'ubwubatsi cya E.M.P Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/ikiganiro-na-mubiligi-umwe-mu-bagore-mbarwa-bayoboye-ingaga-z-abikorera-mu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-23 |archive-date=2026-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426003831/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/ikiganiro-na-mubiligi-umwe-mu-bagore-mbarwa-bayoboye-ingaga-z-abikorera-mu |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa yakoze === Nkuko twabivuze hejuru ni umuyobozi muru w'urwego rwbikorera murwanda kandi ya nayoboye ikigo gikomeye gikora ibijyanye n'ubwubatsi cya E.M.P Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/ikiganiro-na-mubiligi-umwe-mu-bagore-mbarwa-bayoboye-ingaga-z-abikorera-mu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-23 |archive-date=2026-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426003831/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/ikiganiro-na-mubiligi-umwe-mu-bagore-mbarwa-bayoboye-ingaga-z-abikorera-mu |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayoboye ihuririro rikuru ry'inama yabagore bikorera kugiti cyabo, ikindi yabashije no mukuba yagiragize uruhare mwihinduka rijyanye n'imisoro kubikorera. agira uruhare rukomeye mugushakira abanyeshuri basoje amashuri kubashakira aho biga bimenyereza akazi murwego rwo kubongerera ubumenyi bufite ireme. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/ikiganiro-na-mubiligi-umwe-mu-bagore-mbarwa-bayoboye-ingaga-z-abikorera-mu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-03-23 |archive-date=2026-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426003831/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/ikiganiro-na-mubiligi-umwe-mu-bagore-mbarwa-bayoboye-ingaga-z-abikorera-mu |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} saxezul19akf8oddalctyl0mt5w08bh Mukamazimpaka Anathalie 0 22362 137718 129835 2026-09-15T17:00:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137718 wikitext text/x-wiki Nathalie Mukamazimpaka ni umwe mu banyarwandakazi byemejwe ko babonekewe ikibeho, yavutse mu 1964, akomoka mucyahoze ar'intara ya Gikongoro ubu ni mu majyepfo mukarere ka Nyaruguru ababyeyi be ni Laurent Ngango na Gaudance Mukabaziga.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/kibeho-bizihije-imyaka-44-y-amabonekerwa-ya-nathalie-mukamazimpaka</ref> '''Icyatumye Amenyekana''' Ni umwe mubakobwa batatu babonekewe babona bikiramariya i Kibeho mu Rwanda. Yatangiye kubona ibyo yise amabonekerwa ku 12 Mutarama 1982 ubwo yari umunyeshuri mu ishuri ry'abakobwa i Kibeho Mwishuri rikuru, yabonekewe arihamwe Alphonsine Mumureke na Marie claire Mukangango.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/kibeho-bizihije-imyaka-44-y-amabonekerwa-ya-nathalie-mukamazimpaka</ref> '''Amateka y'ingenzi''' Aya mabonekerwa yabaye hagati muwi 1981-1983 ariko ntiyahita yemerwa akomeza kugera mu 1989 ubwo yaje kongera kuba.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/iyobokamana/article/amateka-y-ibonekerwa-ry-i-kibeho</ref> Bakavugako babonye Bikiramariya witwa Nyina wa Jambo, yabahaga ubutumwa ababwira ati "Mwicuze ibyaha byanyu, Musenge cyane, Mukunde kandi Mubababarirane.". Ku ya 15 Kanama 1982, Nathalie na bagenzi be babonye iyerekwa riteye ubwoba babona amaraso menshi, abantu bapfa bicwa nibindi byinshi bivugwako byari ubuhanuzi kuri Jenocide yakozwe mu 1994.<ref>https://www.radiomariakibeho.rw/rw/kibeho-i-kibeho-hizihijwe-isabukuru-yimyaka-41-ishize-bikira-mariya-abonekeye-nataliya-mukamazimpaka/</ref> Mu 2001 nibwo hemejwe na Kiliziya ko ayamabonekerwa ari ukuri bwambere mubantu bemejwe kumugaragaro harimo uyu Nathalie. <ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/iyobokamana/article/amateka-y-ibonekerwa-ry-i-kibeho</ref> Mugihe cya Jenocide yahungiye mugihugu cya Congo ahava ajya muri Kenya Nyuma yaho yagarutse i Kibeho, yiyeguriye ubuzima bwo gusenga no kwakira abaje gusura aho hantu. kugeza nubu aracyari i Kibeho.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/iyobokamana/article/amateka-y-ibonekerwa-ry-i-kibeho</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2oy7zdct73cni461taxmozl1z7bo7e3 Vestine Ishimwe 0 22376 137817 129858 2026-09-15T18:18:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Ishimwe vestine]] to [[Vestine Ishimwe]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 129858 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ni muntu ki? == Ishimwe Vestine ni umuririmbyi w'indirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza imana ukomoka mu Rwanda, akaba azwi cyane mubagize itsinda vestine na dorcas afatanyije na murumuna we Dorcas. Vestine yavutse tariki ya 2 gashyantare 2004.Avukira mu karere ka Musanze muntara y'amajyaruguru.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/vestine-na-dorcas-bakoze-igitaramo-cyamateka-bamurika-album-ya-mbere-niyo-bosco-aratungura-124215</ref> yatangiye umuziki aririmba muri Goshen choir i musanze. baza kutangira kuririmba kugiti cyabo mur 2018. guhera muri 2020 nibwo we na murumuna we batangiye gukora na Murindahabi Irenee muri MIE<ref name=":0" /> Kugeza ubu Vestine arubatse na ouedraogo Idrissa kuva mu mwaka wa 2025<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/en/news/vestine-idrissas-wedding-gospel-stars-love-story-and-big-day-plans-1746354685614?utm_source=chatgpt.com </ref> == indirimbo yamenyekanyemo == * nahawe ijambo * yebo * si bayali * nzakomora 0vmeh7att8uz1h59a8ivu6ehbvqhdbx Umuryango remezo 0 22386 137529 132817 2026-09-15T15:54:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137529 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bavuye gusenga.jpg|thumb|abavuye mu muryango remezo]] '''Umuryango remezo''' cyangwa '''umuryangoremezo''' ni umuryango shingiro muri [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] ku rwego rw’ibanze mbese kurwego rwohasi, aho abakristu batuye begeranye haba mu [[Umudugudu wa Mumena|midugudu]], [[akagari]] cyangwa se mu masegiteri, ibi bishyira hamwe imiryango kugirango basangire Ijambo ry’[[Imana]], basengere hamwe, ndetse kandi bafashanye mu buzima bwa buri munsi .<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/iyobokamana/article/kiliziya-gatolika-yemeje-ko-itazigera-ishyigikira-abaryamana-bahuje-ibitsina</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383240253_Umuryangoremezo_wa_Kiliziya_Kiliziya#:~:text=Discover%20the%20world's%20research,29</ref><ref>https://www.amazon.de/Umuryangoremezo-Kiliziya-ibatumye-mubana-muturanye/dp/3330806796</ref> == Ishingano z'umuryango remezo == umuryango remezo haba hari inshingano zitandukanye twavuga '''gusangira Ijambo ry'Imana''' abagize umuryango remezo barahura bagasomera hamwe [[Bibiliya]], ijambo ry'Imana, kandi ni ihuriro ryo gusengera hamwe, ndetse '''Ubufatanye n'Urukundo.'''<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/agaseke-ka-weekend/impamo-da/article/uko-abayisiramu-batanze-kiliziya-gatolika-kubaka-urusengero-rwa-mbere-i-kigali</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] lw09dpusyn0xbsggw3xnuun95wn7gk2 Kwita izina 0 22388 137406 129884 2026-09-15T14:52:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kurya ubunnyano.jpg|thumb|Kwita Izina]] '''Kwita izina''' ni umugenzo wa bakurambere aho wakorerwaga [[umwana]] wuruhinja wavutse, maze bakamwakira umuntu mushya kuva cyera mu muryango w’[[Abanyarwanda]], habaga hari ababyeyi n’abaturanyi baje kumuterura .<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/kwita-izina-umugenzo-ufite-ibisobanuro-mu-murage-w-abanyarwanda</ref> == ubunnyano == ubunnyano rero impamvu kwita izina babyita ubunnyano, nuko abana babahaga ibyo kurya ku ntara ariko bakaba babumbabumbye utubumbe twinshi, tumeze nk’uko umwana annya impande zose, ariko abo bana bagataha iwabo ari uko umwana aneye.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] bqnsukwyb3f7y88cu7fjnznr7o8uwvb Umuhango wo gutebutsa 0 22394 137496 132835 2026-09-15T15:50:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137496 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubukwe bwa kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|umuhango]] '''Gutebutsa''' uyu ni [[umuhango]] ukomeye ukurikira [[gusaba]] no [[gukwa]], Aha umuryango w’umusore ujyaga iwabo w'umuryango w’umukobwa hagamijwe kuganira ku gihe umugeni bazamubazanira mbese igihe bazamubahekera bakamubazanira .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere</ref> == Agaciro == Gutebutsa hari uduce tumwe na tumwe gutebutsa byakorwaga cyangwa bikorwa inshuro zirenzwe imwe, aha umuryango w’umukobwa ugakomeza kwihagararaho kugira ngo umuryango w’umusore ubone agaciro k’[[Umugore|umukobwa]] wabo.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/urukundo/article/ibintu-5-ukwiye-kuzirikana-niba-udashoboye-gukora-ubukwe-buhenze</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ibintu-bingenzi-abategura-ubukwe-bakwiriye-kwitondera-bakabyitaho-cyane-92858</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] 80jun1jyf3xxw7bmszp4o0j508v8s3a Ubukwe 0 22397 137407 132785 2026-09-15T14:53:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137407 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubukwe.jpg|thumb|ubukwe]] '''Ubukwe''' ni [[umuhango]] ubumbatiye [[Umuco nyarwanda]]. Uyu muhango w'ubukwe ukorwa hagati y'imiryango ibiri ihana [[Umugeni w'ubuntu|umugeni]] n'[[umukwe]], ni ukuvuga umuryango w'umusore n'umukobwa, Ubukwe ni [[itangiriro]] ryo kubaho k'umuryango, ubukwe akaba ari igihe abafashe Umwanzuro wo kubana batanya binyuze mu mucyo, bakemera gushyigikirwa maze nabo bakajya kubaka umuryango wabo witezweho kwagura igihugu binyuze mu kubyara no kurera abana bazaba Rwanda rwejo .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/urukundo/article/ibintu-5-ukwiye-kuzirikana-niba-udashoboye-gukora-ubukwe-buhenze</ref> == Imihango y'ubukwe == Ubukwe bugira imihango mwinshi itandukanye aha twavuga : * [[kurambagiza]], * [[gufata irembo]], * [[gusaba]] no [[gukwa]], * [[gufata irembo]], * [[Gutinya|gutinyisha]]. * [[kurongorana]] * [[Gusezerana imbere y'amategeko|gushyingirwa imbere ya mategeko ya Leta]] * [[Gusezerana imbere y'Imana|gushingirwa mu idini]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] dadnrdddq56x4z7iq0beeg668i2l02j Gushyingirwa 0 22398 137733 132653 2026-09-15T17:02:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137733 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Y Wedding Sonywa.jpg|thumb|gushyingirwa]] '''Gushyingirwa''' ni [[umuhango]] cyangwa isezerano ryo guhuza [[umugabo]] n'[[umugore]] bakemeranya kubana akaramata nk'umuryango umwe, harimo abemeza gushyingirwa mu [[idini]] cyangwa gushyingirwa mu mategeko gusa, ariko abashyingirwa ni abafite nibura imyaka 18 .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere</ref><ref>https://umuseke.rw/ni-ikihe-gihe-cyiza-cyo-gushyingirwa-dore-ibintu-4-byafasha-abagiye-gushinga-urugo/</ref> == Isezerano == Gushyingirwa ni igikorwa cyo guhamya isezerano ry'abashakanye imbere y'ubuyobozi bwa Leta mbese mu murenge, aho biyemeza kubana no gufashanya bakurikije amategeko agenga umuryango,Ku bemera Imana, gushyingirwa bifatwa nk'isakaramentu cyangwa umuhamagaro uturuka ku Mana, aho umugabo n'umugore bafatanya mu kurema no kurera umuryango mushya, Intego nyamukuru ni ugushinga urugo rugengwa n'urukundo, ubwuzuzanye, no gukomeza igisekuru binyuze mu kubyara no kurera neza.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/gushyingiranwa-ni-umuhamagaro-w-imana-soeur-immaculee-uwamariya</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] 0xahpgy88mxalzfo5zwu1m13lleoxp3 Gusezerana imbere y'amategeko 0 22404 137751 132651 2026-09-15T17:07:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137751 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gusezerana mu mategeko mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Gusezerana mu mategeko]] '''Gusezerana mu murenge''' cyangwa '''gusezerana mu mategek'''o cyangwa se '''gusezerana imbere y'amategek'''o mu [[Rwanda]] ni [[umuhango]] wemewe n'itegeko rigenga abantu n'umuryango , ni umuhango ukorerwa imbere y'umwanditsi w'irangamimerere mu murenge, ugashimangira urushako, ukubahiriza uburenganzira bw'abashyingiranywe ku mutungo n'[[abana]] .<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/gakenke-bamaze-gusobanukirwa-n-akamaro-ko-gusezerana-imbere-y-amategeko#:~:text=Ati%20%E2%80%9CTwari%20tubanye%20neza%20ariko%20ntibyari%20bishobotse,itatu%20gusa%20ibana%20mu%20buryo%20butemewe%20n'amategeko. https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/gakenke-bamaze-gusobanukirwa-n-akamaro-ko-gusezerana-imbere-y-amategeko#:~:text=Ati%20%E2%80%9CTwari%20tubanye%20neza%20ariko%20ntibyari%20bishobotse,itatu%20gusa%20ibana%20mu%20buryo%20butemewe%20n'amategeko.]</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/amafoto-yo-gusezerana-mu-mategeko-kwa-vestine-numunya-burkina-faso-150975</ref> == Ibyangorwa == Gusezerana mu murenge bisaba kuba ufite imyaka 18, ndetse hari ibyangombwa ugomba kuba ifite, ibi bisabirwa ku Irembo mu [[Rwanda]], nibura iminsi 23 mbere y'ubukwe, bisaba kandi ibyemezo by'amavuko, indangamuntu, n'inyandiko zigaragaza ko ari ingaragu, ubutane, cyangwa gupfakara.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/gusezerana-mu-buryo-bwemewe-n-amategeko-bizagabanya-amakimbirane-mu-miryango</ref> == Gusezerana == Gusezerana mu murenge abashakanye bahitamo uburyo butatu bwo gucunga umutungo wabo, burimo '''ivangamutungo rusange''', '''ivangamutungo w’umuhahano''', n’'''ivanguramutungo risesuye''' cyangwa se uburyo bwa kane bwo gucunga umutungo aho abashaka gushyingiranwa bazajya bitegurira amasezerano y’uburyo bashaka ko umutungo wabo ucungwa.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/leta-yashyizeho-uburyo-bushya-bw-imicungire-y-umutungo-w-abashyingiranywe</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] l595liqql4dr40ccoq6buc2akwxtwdj Lt Col Colonel Seraphine Nyirasafari 0 22491 137530 136731 2026-09-15T15:54:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137530 wikitext text/x-wiki Lt Col Colonel Seraphine Nyirasafari ni umugore w'umunyarwandakazi uzwi nkumwe mubanyabigwi mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda.Yavutse taliki 16 Gicurasi 1970,avukira mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda.Ni umubyeyi washakanye na Juvenal Marizamunda,minisitiri w'Ingabo w'u Rwanda bakaba bafitanye abana bane.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Amashuri yize == Lt Col Colonel Seraphine Nyirasafari yize amashuri abanza nayisumbuye afite imyamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mubijyanye n'imari yakuye muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ndetse n'impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza mu bijyanye n'umutekano nayo yakuye muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda.Yize mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare ry'Ingabo z'u Rwanda hagati ya 2020 na 2021.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Ibyo akora == Lt Col Colonel Seraphine Nyirasafari yinjiye mu gisirikare mu 1991,muri Mutarama 1994 ahabwa ipeti rya Sous Lieutenant.Yakoze imirimo itandukanye irimo ushinzwe ibikoresho,akora mu ishami rya RDF rishinzwe abakozi mu bijyanye n'imari.Yabaye kandi umucungamari mukuru mu ishami rya Gisirikare rishinzwe ubwishingizi(MMI),aba umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ubucuruzi,ububiko n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ibicuruzwa ku isoko rya gisirikare rizwi nka Armed Forced Shop.Kuri ubu ni Umuyobozi Mukuru w'Agateganyo wa Armed Forced Shop.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Ibindi == Lt Col Colonel Seraphine Nyirasafari yafashe amasomo anitabira amahugurwa atandukanye mu Rwanda no mu mahanga harimo ajyanye no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abahoze mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro ndetse najyanye no kurinda abana yafatiye i Nyakinama,amasomo ajyanye no kurinda Abasivile yafatiye muri Kenya ndetse n'ajyanye no kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina yafatiye mu Butaliyani.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} d2xdzb2lgaj5r2kw0jdwm1n5q6lvtrg Imvura y'amahindu 0 22679 137734 131618 2026-09-15T17:02:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137734 wikitext text/x-wiki Imvura y'amahindu ni imvura igwa harimo urubura.<ref>https://www.jw.org/rw/amakuru/Akarere/u-butaliyani/Amajyaruguru-yu-Butaliyani-yibasiwe-nimvura-yamahindu-ivanze-numuyaga-naho-ikirwa-cya-Sicile-kibasirwa-ninkongi-yumuriro-yatewe-nubushyuhe-bwinshi/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 1najryuwm381vjib7swcez9qvhvxuml Inkongi y'umuriro 0 22680 137387 131619 2026-09-15T14:40:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137387 wikitext text/x-wiki Inkongi y'umuriro ni umuriro waka mwinshi ukagira byinshi wangiza.<ref>https://www.jw.org/rw/amakuru/Akarere/u-butaliyani/Amajyaruguru-yu-Butaliyani-yibasiwe-nimvura-yamahindu-ivanze-numuyaga-naho-ikirwa-cya-Sicile-kibasirwa-ninkongi-yumuriro-yatewe-nubushyuhe-bwinshi/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] e2vmgixey40mdz2gfadlkztaw5q8mgy Intembe 0 22693 137426 131633 2026-09-15T14:55:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137426 wikitext text/x-wiki Intembe ubundi ni inguri y’insina babazagamo uruziga rwo guhirika, rwabaga rufite hagati umwenge babonezamo barasa. Abakinaga intembe babaga bafite umuheto n’imyambi y’ibisongo bagahagarara kuri gahunda bitegeye kuyibonezamo. Umwe akayihirika imbere yabo, hakavamo uboneza akayirasa yihirika akaboneza muri wa mwenge wayo akaba atsinze abandi igitego maze bagakomeza bose bakarushanwa.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c5y482j3qmmo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] in41261sholr56xcuhxbv993y5532tj Kwiyasira 0 22695 137450 131635 2026-09-15T15:14:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137450 wikitext text/x-wiki Kwiyakira byarakorwanga n’abakurambere b’abanyarwanda ubwo babaga bari mu [[Umukino|mukino]] w’amahigi. Ni [[umukino]] abakurambere bakinaga bahiga [[inyamaswa]] aho muri uwo muhigo bashoboraga kuvanamo ibyo kurya, imyambaro n’ibindi. Uyu ntubarwa nk’[[umukino]] gusa kuko wari n’umwuga wa mbere wakozwe n’abanyarwanda bo hambere mbere yo kumenya guhinga no korora.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c5y482j3qmmo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] depqk3yn6thva47vemubaxx4v25x8o6 Urukundo mu rwanda 0 22698 137641 131638 2026-09-15T16:48:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137641 wikitext text/x-wiki Urukundo mu Rwanda rwahozeho kuva kera cyane.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c5y482j3qmmo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] r0pf0gegpixxfdldc7f76p1tmhcscy7 Amabigibigi 0 22702 137408 131642 2026-09-15T14:53:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137408 wikitext text/x-wiki Amabigibigi ni umukino wakorwaga n'abana ba bakobwa.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/dore-imwe-mu-mikino-gakondo-yafasha-abana-muri-ibi-bihe-by-ibiruhuko</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] tmhtxzb16c4ra1wqk0h3zkj32oixlxb Kigali today 0 22704 137583 131644 2026-09-15T16:24:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137583 wikitext text/x-wiki Kigali Today ni ikinyamakuru gikorera mu Rwanda.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/dore-imwe-mu-mikino-gakondo-yafasha-abana-muri-ibi-bihe-by-ibiruhuko</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] lpx5wh6kzff162srzxvdsv06luejkgj KT Press 0 22706 137544 131646 2026-09-15T16:04:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137544 wikitext text/x-wiki KT Press ni ikinyamakuru kibarizwa mu Rwanda.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/dore-imwe-mu-mikino-gakondo-yafasha-abana-muri-ibi-bihe-by-ibiruhuko</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] nzcer6d6kzoc4ueyse40ilpoiaa3i1z Urukiramende 0 22712 137511 131652 2026-09-15T15:52:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137511 wikitext text/x-wiki ukiramende ni umwe mu mikino yakinwaga n'abato bo hambere.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/dore-imwe-mu-mikino-gakondo-yafasha-abana-muri-ibi-bihe-by-ibiruhuko</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] t2bd9fri5n61qtc9xb4dn225wjul8l5 Kanjenje Kanjogera 0 22713 137388 131653 2026-09-15T14:40:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137388 wikitext text/x-wiki Kanjenje Kanjogera ni umukino wakinwaga n'abana.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/dore-imwe-mu-mikino-gakondo-yafasha-abana-muri-ibi-bihe-by-ibiruhuko</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] aijnkc397wydvbakc9auuo9slzgibev Kwidagadura 0 22717 137735 131657 2026-09-15T17:02:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137735 wikitext text/x-wiki Kwidagadura ni ikimenyetso cyo kwishima byanatuma umuntuwari ufite ikibazo cyangwa uburwaye bushira.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 6few7rb2h5o0fihb8vx7jvekn78lgtv Akamarimari 0 22721 137512 131661 2026-09-15T15:52:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137512 wikitext text/x-wiki Akamarimari ni umwe mu mikino ya bana.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] qmulz3k3tm8emb5bnfyhm4ainq66z6a Guheka mapyisi 0 22726 137389 131666 2026-09-15T14:41:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137389 wikitext text/x-wiki Guheka mapyisi ni umukino w'abana batwarana mapyisi.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] jrllqajb3ui1s43i9vje7p8dahu3lt2 Imikino njyarugamba 0 22731 137642 131672 2026-09-15T16:48:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137642 wikitext text/x-wiki imikino njyarugamba ni imikino yo kumvana imbaraga yabaga mu rubyiruko byasabaga ko hari ikigero cy’ubukure uba ufite kugira ngo uyikine.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] bhym976jvdgjfcci4wv70y8z8nvmi8h Gukina agati 0 22737 137622 131678 2026-09-15T16:46:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137622 wikitext text/x-wiki Gukina agati ni umukino wa bana aho bakina.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 3jn625pv3aqs8o420ducfj9n2ldtxjn Kurasa intembe 0 22738 137313 131679 2026-09-15T14:23:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137313 wikitext text/x-wiki Kurasa intembe ni umukino wa bana.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] lfsswq01904s1kayxmiyp2sbylwkbkg Gusimbuka umurambararo 0 22741 137409 131682 2026-09-15T14:53:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137409 wikitext text/x-wiki Gusimbuka umurambararo ni umukino wa kera.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 20sf8xepewr7duyydisdohmaw9jj804 Ikibariro Nyarwanda 0 22746 137623 131688 2026-09-15T16:46:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137623 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikibariro nyarwanda mu abanyarwanda bo hambere babaraga iminsi, amezi n’imyaka bagendeye ku kwezi, imyanya yako ikaba ari yo igenga imihango, ariko amezi akagomba guhura n’ibihe by’imvura n’izuba, kuko ari byo byagengaga imirimo y’ubuhinzi, n’imihango yabwo, Guhuza ibyo byose rero ntibyabaga byoroshye. Wari umurimo ugomba ubwenge n’ubushishozi, cyane cyane mu byo kugena ikibariro cy’imihango ikorwa mu gihugu cyose. Ariko no muri rubanda hasangwa abafite ubumenyi buhagije mu bireba ubuzima bwabo n’ubw’umuryango.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cy0p6g6n3ydo</ref><ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 7g3knwt9n5zinp1urbyqus6cqsg2pkr Ibirori bya Kamena 0 22751 137643 131694 2026-09-15T16:48:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137643 wikitext text/x-wiki Ibirori bya Kamena mu mboneka za Kamena, batangiraga imihango y’icyunamuro, bakayita "gukura Gicurasi." Babaga bibuka uko Ruganzu Ndori yunamuye u Rwanda, igihe rwayogozwaga n’Abagara biturutse ku bugambanyi bw’Abanyabyinshi ba Byinshi bya Bamara ba Yuhi Gahima. <ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref> Bagakora imihango myiza yibuka uko umutabazi Ruganzu Ndori yaje nk’ukwezi muri iryo curaburindi, abundutse i Karagwe kwa Karemera, umugabo wa nyirasenge witwiga Nyabunyana.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cg4kl4r4p9do</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] qjrwggjb0mrzjba6mfy20e6i92m32yi Ijambo ryiza 0 22762 137624 131705 2026-09-15T16:46:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137624 wikitext text/x-wiki Ijambo ryiza Riboneka mu mvugo yabo, mu myandiko zitandukanye, mu mbwirwaruhame, mu nyandiko z'ubuvanganzo (ibyivugo, amazina y'inka, ibisigo, imigani, ibisakuzo, indirimbo n'ibindi).<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cg4kl4r4p9do</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 4r6891qvt0jg4o8m8321pcphupavu0t Iterambere ry’ibihugu 0 22766 137327 131709 2026-09-15T14:25:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137327 wikitext text/x-wiki Iterambere ry’ibihugu Kimwe mu biranga umuntu ku isi yose no mu bihe byose ni iterambere. Rikaba indatana n'imigirire y'umuryango w'abantu, uko waba uteye imbere kose mu by'ikoranabuhanga n'inganda. Ni igipimo kigaragaza imibereho myiza y'umuryango w'abantu bitabaye ngombwa ko hitabwa ku buhambare bw'ikoranabuhanga na politiki ihanitse nk'uko bimeze ku bihugu byo mu burengerazuba bw'isi.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cy0p6g6n3ydo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] gh7tlxvzczht35bkezeo11uc1c52ln1 Umuco n’Itegeko Nshinga 0 22767 137584 131710 2026-09-15T16:24:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137584 wikitext text/x-wiki Umuco n’Itegeko Nshinga muco ni isoko ivomwamo imigirire n’uburyo bw’imikorere igamije iterambere, nk’uko bishimangirwa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, mu ngingo yayo ya 11. Rihamya ko umuco ari isoko yo kwishakamo ibisubizo (Repubulika y'u Rwanda, 2015).<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cy0p6g6n3ydo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] k95k8qzzbvvntz8d2gva1hcpstouqom Gusaba no gukwa 0 22772 137752 134439 2026-09-15T17:07:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137752 wikitext text/x-wiki Gusaba ni umuhango ukurikira uwo gufata irembo ukabera iwabo w’umukobwa. Mu muhango wo gusaba umuryango w’umusore watoranyaga abakwe bajya kuwusabira, bakagenda bayobowe n’umukwe mukuru bakagenda bitwaje inzoga zo gusabisha.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cy0p6g6n3ydo</ref> [[Dosiye:Gusaba no Gukwa – Traditional Rwandan Dowry Ceremony.wav|thumb|Narrated documentary]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 6kjabccqcdbepgb703g1yuqlnkftbfj Gutekesha 0 22775 137605 131719 2026-09-15T16:44:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137605 wikitext text/x-wiki Gutekesha Gutekesha cyangwa gukora ku mashyiga ni umuhango wakorwaga n’iwabo w’umuhungu nyuma yo kurongora kugira ngo bamushyigikire mu rugo rushya. Uyu muhango wakorwaga n’umugeni, umugabo we na nyirabukwe na sebukwe. Nyirabukwe yamuzaniraga bimwe mu bikoresho byo mu rugo nk’urukebano cyangwa akabindi. Uyu muhango wari ugamije guha uburenganzira bwo gukora imirimo no gutinyuka sebukwe na nyirabukwe. Muri uyu muhango umusore n’umukobwa bakoraga umuhango wo gufatanya guteka ibyo ababyeyi babaga bazanye.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cy0p6g6n3ydo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 3ivtemslo8h6zf5ay9csar4fatp2dej Guca mu irembo 0 22776 137545 131720 2026-09-15T16:04:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137545 wikitext text/x-wiki Guca mu irembo byakorwaga n’umusore washyingiwe n’umugeni we, ubwo basuraga iwabo w’umukobwa. Uyu muhango wabaga nyuma y’igihe runaka abashyingiwe baramenyereye urugo kandi baratangiye kurukorera, umusore akajya gukura ubwatsi.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cy0p6g6n3ydo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 6whobjsph6edukseyn59ugnpmzdg2vi Guca mu irembo no kuramukanya 0 22778 137771 131722 2026-09-15T17:09:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137771 wikitext text/x-wiki Guca mu irembo byakorwaga n’umusore washyingiwe n’umugeni we, ubwo basuraga iwabo w’umukobwa. Uyu muhango wabaga nyuma y’igihe runaka abashyingiwe baramenyereye urugo kandi baratangiye kurukorera, umusore akajya gukura ubwatsi. <ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref> Muri uyu muhango bajyanaga na se w’umuhungu, umuranga cyangwa se undi muntu washoboraga kubavugira ijambo. Bajyanaga inzoga basangira kandi bakaganira hagamijwe gushimira umuryango w’umukobwa ko watanze umugeni mwiza. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cg4kl4r4p9do</ref> Muri uyu muhango dusangamo indangagaciro yo gushima no gushimira kubera ko urugo rushya rwafataga umwanya rukajya gushimira umuryango wabashyingiye. Ibi byatumaga imiryango irushaho kubana neza n’umurunga wayo ugakomera. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 2bnw9sflhj0xxou7kyuiovz54wlc516 Gukunda Igihugu 0 22781 137427 131725 2026-09-15T14:55:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137427 wikitext text/x-wiki Gukunda Igihugu ni amagambo abiri abumbye ijambo rimwe. Gukunda bivuga kumva ubwuzu bwimbitse ufitiye umuntu cyangwa kwishimira cyane. Bamwe bajya bavuga ngo urukundo ni impumyi abandi ngo urukundo ni ukurindagira k’umutima, gutuma ubona umuntu mu buryo butandukanye n’ubwo abandi bamubonamo, ukanishyiramo ko afite uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bwawe”. Aha rero si kimwe no gukunda igihugu.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cg4kl4r4p9do</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] goy6e4kearuqanvcc2o8ztx8n7brrxq Intambara ya iran na america 0 22921 137546 136640 2026-09-15T16:04:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137546 wikitext text/x-wiki == Inshamake ku ntambara ya Iran na USA == Kuva uyu mwaka watangira hagiye humvikana gushyamirana ndetse no kumvikana hgati y'igihugu cya iran ndetse na america zimwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru wamenya zazamuye uyu mwuka utari mwiza hagati y'ibi bihugu bibiri harimo gahunda yicurwa z'intwaro za kirimbuzi ya Iran. Kuva uyu mwaka watangira America yakomeje kwikoma gahunda ya Iran yikorwa ryibitwaro bya kirimbuzi aribyo byagiye bituma America ifatira Iran ibihano by'ubukungu bikomeye. <ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c5yv4ekly7ko</ref> America kandi yakomeje gushinja Iran ubufatanye ndetse n'imikoranire yahafi n' imitwe yo mu karere nkiri muri Iraq, Syria, Yemen ndetse na Lebanon , igenzura ry'umuhora wa Hormuz nacyo nikimwe mubyakomeje kuzambya umubano hagati y'ibi bihugu dore ko ari hamwe muho petroli nyinshi inyura kwisi. Poltiki n'inyungu mu burasuirazuba bwo hagati nabyo nikimwe mu byakomeje kugarukwaho muri iyi mibanire itari myiza.<ref>https://umuseke.rw/america-yasebeye-muri-iran-amagambo-yumuyobozi-wubudage-yashenguye-trump/</ref> == Ubushyamirane Hagati y'ibihugu byombi == Nubwo uyu mwaka aribwo ubushyamirane bwagaragaye cyane ariko ,ubu bushyamirane nubwa kera. Guhera 2003 kugera 2010 Iran na America bishinjanya kugira uruhare mu ntambara ya Iraq ndetse n'uruhare rw'impande zombi mu karere. Ku wa 3 Mutarama 2020 america yari iyobowe na perezida Donald Trump yategetse indege itagira umudereva(drone) kwataka mu murwa mukuru wa Iraq i Baghdad, muri icyo gitero hiciwemo General Qasem Soleiman umuyobozi ukomeye wa Iran muri Quds force akaba yari umwe mu bayobozi ba Iran bakomeye mu bikorwa byo hanze ,America yo ivugako yishe uyu mugabo kubw'uruhare rwe mu gushyigikira ibitero ku basirikare ba America muri iraq. Nyuma yiki igikorwa Iran yasubije ivuga ko izihorera .<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c4gepj2278jo</ref> == Amateka == Guhera mu mwaka wa 2025 ibitero hagati ya America na Iran byaratangiye.America yatangiye ibitero ku bikorwa bya kirimbuzi bya Iran , Iran nayo muburyo bwo gusubiza yahise igaba ibitero ku birindiro bya America mu karere ndetse hiyongeraho n' ibitero bya done na misile. Sibyo gusa kuko Iran yatangiye guhungabanya ubukungu binyuze mu gufunga inzira ya Hormuz , iyi ikaba ari inzira inyuramo hafi 20% ya peteroli y'isi. Ibi ntibyagize ingaruka ku bukungu bw'America gusa kuko byagize ingaruka kubukungu bwisi yose muri rusange ,ibiciro bya peteroli byarazamutse cyane ibi byatumye america yongera ingabo mu nyanja mu rwego rwo gutera ubwoba Iran. Gusa kumunsi wanone hagiye haba intambwe y'amahoro aho hagiye haba ibiganiro by'amahoro ku mpande zombi mu buryo bwo guhagarika intambara. Hateguwe amasezerano yo gufungura umuhora wo Hormuz , kugabanya ibihano kuri Iran, ibiganiro ku ntwaro za kirimbuzi ndetse n'ibindi. Gusa nubwo ibyo byose biba haracyagaragara kutizerana hagati y'impande zombi, ndetse n'ibiganiro hagati ya Iran na America bituzuye.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ktu4lmf197hl6rt0q88z0dp6rjn7gdu Umujyi wa byumba 0 22937 137681 136129 2026-09-15T16:52:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Byumba]] ni umujyi uherereye mu Karere ka [[AKARERE KAGICUMBI|Gicumbi]], mu Ntara [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]]<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/umujyi-wa-gicumbi-uratera-imbere-umunsi-ku-wundi-amafoto Umujyi wa Gicumbi uratera imbere umunsi ku wundi (Amafoto) - Kigali Today]</ref>. Ni icyicaro cy’Akarere ka Gicumbi kandi ni umwe mu mijyi ikomeye yo mu majyaruguru y’u [[Rwanda]]. Uherereye ku muhanda munini uhuza Kigali n’umupaka wa Gatuna ugana muri Uganda, ku ntera ya kilometero zigera kuri 60 uvuye i Kigali.[[Byumba]] izwi kubera amateka yayo akomeye mu miyoborere y’u Rwanda, uburezi, ibikorwa by’iyobokamana, [[ubuhinzi]] n’[[Ubucuruzi mu Rwanda|ubucuruzi]]. Mbere y’ivugururwa ry’inzego z’imitegekere mu mwaka wa 2006, yari umurwa mukuru wa Perefegitura ya Byumba<ref name=":0">[https://umuseke.rw/i-gicumbi-barifuza-ko-umujyi-wabo-wunganira-uwa-kigali/ I Gicumbi barifuza ko umujyi wabo wunganira uwa Kigali – UMUSEKE]</ref>. == '''Aho uherereye'''<ref name=":0" /> == Byumba iri mu Karere ka Gicumbi, mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru. Iherereye mu gace k’imisozi miremire karangwa n’ikirere gikonje ugereranyije n’ibindi bice by’u Rwanda.Cyane ko kuva muri uyu mujyi ugera i Kigali harimo ibirometero mirongo itandatu(60km).Kandi uherereye mu murenge wa Byumba ari na wo uherereyemo uyu mujyi ni umwe muri 21 igize Aka Karere gatuwe n’abasaga ibihumbi 448, ku buso bwa kilometero kare 829<ref name=":0" />. == '''Amateka y'umujyi wa Byumba''' <ref name=":0" /> == Mbere y’umwaduko w’abakoloni, Byumba yari igice cy’Ubwami bw’u Rwanda. Abaturage baho batunzwe cyane n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Aka gace kari gafite uruhare rukomeye mu bucuruzi no mu migenderanire hagati y’u Rwanda n’ibihugu by’abaturanyi, cyane cyane ibyo mu majyaruguru.Byumba yari iyoborwa n’abatware bahagarariraga Umwami w’u Rwanda. Yari imwe mu ntara z’ingenzi z’ubwami kubera umusaruro wayo n’aho yari iherereye. == Igihe cy’Abadage n’Ababiligi == Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda, u Rwanda rwatangiye kugera mu maboko y’abakoloni b’Abadage. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose, igihugu cyeguriwe Ababiligi. Muri icyo gihe, Byumba yabaye kimwe mu bice by’ingenzi by’ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni. Hubatswe amashuri, amavuriro n’insengero. Abamisiyoneri Gatolika bagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere uburezi no gukwirakwiza Ubukirisitu muri ako gace. == Nyuma y’Ubwigenge<ref>https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/abagera-ku-1610-barangije-muri-kaminuza-yikoranabuhanga-nubugeni-ya-byumba-utab-basabwe-kuba-umusemburo-wimpinduka-nziza</ref> == Nyuma y’uko u Rwanda rubonye ubwigenge ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962, Byumba yabaye umurwa mukuru wa Perefegitura ya Byumba. Iyo perefegitura yari imwe mu zigize igihugu kandi yakoraga nk’ikigo cy’ubuyobozi mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, umujyi wa Byumba wagiye waguka. Hubatswe ibikorwaremezo bitandukanye birimo amashuri, ibitaro, amasoko n’imihanda. == Urugamba rwo Kubohora Igihugu == Ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rwatangijwe n’Inkotanyi za FPR. Kubera ko Byumba iri hafi y’umupaka wa Uganda, yabaye imwe mu ntara za mbere zaguyemo imirwano. Aka karere kabaye indiri y’ibikorwa byinshi bya gisirikare mu gihe cy’urugamba rwamaze imyaka ine. Ibyo byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage ndetse no ku bukungu bw’akarere. == Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 == Mu mwaka wa 1994, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yagize ingaruka zikomeye muri Byumba. Abatutsi benshi barishwe, abandi bahunga ingo zabo. Ibikorwaremezo byinshi byarasenyutse, ubuzima bw’abaturage burahungabana.Nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora igihugu ku wa 4 Nyakanga 1994, hatangiye ibikorwa byo kongera kubaka igihugu, kunga Abanyarwanda no gusana ibikorwa remezo byari byarasenyutse. == Ivugururwa ry’Inzego z’Imitegekere == Mu mwaka wa 2006, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho ivugururwa ry’inzego z’ubuyobozi. Perefegitura ya Byumba yasimbuwe n’Intara y’Amajyaruguru, naho Byumba iba icyicaro cy’Akarere ka Gicumbi. == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bwa Byumba bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi, ubworozi, ubucuruzi n’imirimo ya serivisi. Ibihingwa bikunze guhingwa muri ako gace harimo: * Ibirayi * Ibishyimbo * Ingano * Ibigori * Imboga n’imbuto zitandukanye Ubucuruzi bukorerwa cyane mu isoko rya Byumba no mu maduka n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi biri muri uwo mujyi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 9t9nw1igrtmwtfqe98fepyz5ffjsbr0 Kabendera Shinani 0 22943 137795 136502 2026-09-15T18:14:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[KABENDERA SHINANI]] to [[Kabendera Shinani]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 136502 wikitext text/x-wiki Kabendera Shinani yari umunyamakuru wari ufite amaraso ya Uganda, Tanzania n'u Rwanda. Uyu Shinani yishwe 2000 azize abagizi ba nabi, akaba yarazwi mu kuvuga amakuru ndetse no kogeza umupira wa maguru mu rurimi rw'Igiswahili.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/nyiringanzo-amateka-ya-kabendera-shinani-ufite-amaraso-ya-uganda-tanzania-n-u-rwanda</ref> == Amateka ya kabendera shinani == Kabendera Shinani yavutse taliki 12/12/1949 yavukiye muri Tanzania k'umugabo ukomoka muri Uganda n'umugore ukomoka muri Tanzania, ariko Shinani akaba yarafashe ubwenegihugu bwa nyina. Ababyeyi ba Shinani batandukanye ari muto nyina agaruka mu Rwanda(i Nyanza), hanyuma Shinani amaze kugeza imyaka 22 yigira inama yo kuza mu Rwanda gushaka nyina ahagana mu 1972, nawe birangira ahashatse umunyarwandakazi ariwe nyina wa Tdjala,nawe wamenyekanye nka Tdjala Kabendera wateye ikirenge mu cya se mu itangazamakuru. Shinani yageze mu Rwanda ntiyahita abonana na nyina ariko aza kubona akazi k'itangazamakuru kuko mu itangazamakuru bashakaga umuntu utyaye mu rurimi rw'Igiswahili abona akazi atyo kuko ururimi rwe kavukire ari Igiswahili nk'umutanzaniya uvuka k'umunyarwandakazi. Kabendera Shinani uretse n'itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda yakoze no ku maradiyo mpuzamahanga mu mashami y'Igiswahili.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/nyiringanzo-amateka-ya-kabendera-shinani-ufite-amaraso-ya-uganda-tanzania-n-u-rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro; == k1p0tcnvvhw9on95th2oez4jgb4mc2j Ikigo nderabuzima cya manyagiro 0 22956 137753 136128 2026-09-15T17:07:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137753 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Manyagiro<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/Burera-Ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-Rugarama-cyari-kimaze-amezi-atandatu-cyuzuye</ref> ni ikigo cy'ubuzima giherereye mu murenge wa Manyagiro, mu Karere ka Gicumbi, [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] y'u [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] Cyashyizweho mu rwego rwo kongera no kunoza itangwa rya serivisi z'[[ubuzima]] zegerejwe abaturage, hagamijwe korohereza abatuye ako gace kubona [[ubuvuzi]] bw'ibanze n'izindi serivisi zifitanye isano n'ubuzima. === serivisi zihatangirwa<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/amajyaruguru-imirenge-hafi-ya-yose-yabonye-ibigo-nderabuzima-mu-myaka-5-ishize</ref>: === Iki kigo nderabuzima gitanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo kuvura indwara zisanzwe, kwita ku bagore batwite mbere na nyuma yo kubyara, gukingira abana, [[Kuboneza Urubyaro|kuboneza urubyaro]], gukurikirana imikurire [[Abana|y'abana]], ndetse no gutanga ubujyanama ku bijyanye n'isuku n'imibereho myiza. Gikora kandi nk'ihuriro ry'ingenzi rifasha abaturage kubona serivisi z'ubuzima ku gihe no gukumira indwara binyuze mu bukangurambaga n'uburezi bw'ubuzima. [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] cya Manyagiro gifite uruhare rukomeye mu kuzamura imibereho myiza y'abaturage bo mu Murenge wa Manyagiro n'indi mirenge ituranye. Binyuze muri serivisi gitanga, gifasha kugabanya intera abaturage bakoraga bajya gushaka ubuvuzi no guteza imbere [[ubuzima]] rusange bw'abaturage bo mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]]. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 6adcz6scwh91t0wvjtnpulezp2ib769 Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Muyumbu 0 22957 137410 132574 2026-09-15T14:53:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137410 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Muyumbu<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-muyumbu-kigiye-kwagurwa/</ref> ni ivuriro rya leta ry'ibanze riherereye mu Murenge wa Muyumbu, mu Karere ka [[Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Iki kigo gitanga serivisi z'ubuzima bw'ibanze ku banyarwanda banyuranye. === Imiterere n'Ahantu giherereye === Iki kigo gihereye mu Murenge wa Muyumbu muri Rwamagana. Kubera kwegera [[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]], uyu murenge wagize ubwiyongere bukabije bw'abaturage mu myaka ya vuba. Ibi byatumye habaho n'ubwiyongere bw'abakeneye serivise. === Serivisi gitanga<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ngororero-hakenewe-arenga-miliyari-8-frw-mu-kubakira-abatuye-mu-manegeka</ref>: === Iki kigo gitanga serivisi z'ibanze zirimo: * [[Ubuzima]] bw'umubyeyi n'[[umwana]] ([[Kuboneza Urubyaro|kuboneza urubyaro]] n'inshingano zo kubyaza) * Gukingira abana no kubapima imikurire * gukurikirana no kuvura indwara rusange (General medicine) * Serivisi za Laboratwari n'Abajyanama b'Ubuzima * Gutanga imiti ihambaye n'iy'ibanze == Ivugururwa n'Ukwagurwa kwacyo<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rwamagana-arenga-miliyoni-700-frw-agiye-gukoreshwa-mu-kwagura-ikigo-nderabuzima</ref> == Mbere iki kigo cyari gito kigakora mu mazu ashaje, ibi bikabangamira serivisi zihabwa abagana [[Ivuriro rya Gisirikare|ivuriro]]. Muri uwo rwego, hatangijwe umushinga wo kuryagura no kurivugurura ufite agaciro k'amafaranga y'u Rwanda arenga miliyoni 700 (700,000,000 Frw).Uyu mushinga watewe inkunga n'ubufatanye bwa Minisiteri y'Ubuzima (MoH), Akarere ka Rwamagana, n'umuryango utegamiye kuri leta wa Health Builders. Iri vagururwa ryafashije mu kongera ibyumba by'ababyeyi, ibyumba by'abari gukurikiranwa n'abaganga, n'aho kwakirira abaganga b’inzobere, bituma abaturage batagikora ingendo ndende bajya ku Bitaro bya Rwamagana cyangwa i [[Kigali]]. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} to4rabk33lbkf4v5bl1woppb09c8oh9 Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Kayumbu 0 22964 137350 133961 2026-09-15T14:29:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137350 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Kayumbu<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kamonyi.gov.rw/default-title-8/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kayumbu-cyaruzuye-hasigaye-ibikoresho-kigatangira-gukora |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260623174613/https://www.kamonyi.gov.rw/default-title-8/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kayumbu-cyaruzuye-hasigaye-ibikoresho-kigatangira-gukora |url-status=dead }}</ref> ni ivuriro rya leta ryubatse kagari ka Muyange mu Murenge wa Kayumbu, mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Karere ka Kamonyi]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara]] [[Intara y'amajyepfo|y'amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Uru ni urutonde rw’izindi serivisi z’ubuzima zitangwa n’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Kayumbu: === Serivisi z’Ingenzi z’Ubuvuzi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/kamonyi-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kayumbu-kigiye-kugurirwa-ibikoresho</ref> === * Kuvura abagwayi batashye: Gupima no kuvura indwara rusange nka malariya, inkorora, n'izindi mbyiro. * [[Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda|Ubuvuzi]] bw’amenyo: Serivisi zihariye zo gupima, kuvura, no gukura amenyo arwaye. * Serivisi z'Innyo: Kwita no kuvura ibibazo bijyanye n'umuyoboro w'inyo no gusuzuma indwara zaho. * Laboratwari: Gupima amaraso, inkari, n'imyanda ngo hamenyekane indwara zitandukanye. * Guherekeza no kubaga byoroshye: Kwitaho no gufunga ibisebe bito n'izindi mpuruza zihuse. Ubuzima bw'Ababyeyi n'[[Abana]]: * Kugenzura abagore batwite: Gupima no gukurikirana ubuzima bw'umubyeyi n'umwana uri mu nda. * Kubyaza: Serivisi z'ababyeyi babyara mu buryo busanzwe kandi mu mutekano. * Kuvura abana: Gukurikirana n'ubuvuzi bw'indwara zibasira abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu. * Gukingira: Gutanga inkingo z'ibanze ku bana n'abagore batwite. * Kuboneza urubaro: Gutanga inshunge, ibinini, n'izindi buryo bwo guhindura imbyaro. Izindi Serivisi z’Ubuzima<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/kamonyi-kayumbu-barifuza-ubuvuzi-bwamenyo-bagaca-ukubiri-no-kuyivuza-magendu/</ref>: * Gahunda y'imirire: Gupima abana bafite imirire mibi no kubagira inama z'uburyo bwo kuyikosora. * Ubujyanama n'Ibizami bya HIV: Gupima ku bushake no gutanga imiti igabanya ubukana bwa [[SIDA]]. * Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: Gutanga ubujyanama n'ubufasha bw'ibanze ku bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} fr2ude28xox717o36gyb1a42jmqand5 Ikigo Nderabuzima cya KAGUGU 0 22965 137662 132613 2026-09-15T16:50:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137662 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] <ref>https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kagugu-isoko-ryo-gukora-isuku-nisukura-mu-gihe-kingana-numwaka/</ref>cya Kagugu ni ivuriro rya Leta riri mu [[Umurenge wa Kanyinya|Murenge wa Kinyinya]], mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]], mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Iki kigo gitanga serivisi z'ibanze z'[[ubuzima]] ku baturage benshi batuye mu nkengero zacyo<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/amafoto-ubuzima-muri-kagugu-akagari-gatuwe-kurusha-utundi-mu-rwanda</ref>. === serivise zihangirwa<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubuzima/article/miliyoni-678-frw-zigiye-gukoreshwa-mu-kwagura-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kagugu</ref> === 1. Serivisi z'Ababyeyi n'Abana * Gukurikirana abatwite (CPN): Kupima no gukurikirana ubuzima bw'umubyeyi n'[[umwana]] uri mu nda. * Kubyaza: Gufasha ababyeyi kubyara mu buryo bwamafuta n'isuku. * Gukurikirana ababyeyi bamaze kubyara (CPON): Kwitaho no kugenzura umubyeyi n'umwana mu gihe gito bamaze kubyara. * [[Kuboneza Urubyaro|Kuboneza urubaro]]: Gutanga inshinge, ibinini, uburyo bw'igihe kirekire (implants/IUD), n'ubujyanama ku buringanire bw'imbyaro. * Gukingira abana: Gutanga inkingo zose z'ibanze z'abana guhera bakivuka (nka Polio, BCG, n'izindi). 2. Gupima no Kuvura Indwara * [[Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda|Ubuvuzi]] rusange: Gupima, gusuzuma, n'ugutanga imiti ku ndwara zandura n'izitandura (Malaria, inkorora, indwara z'izuba, n'izindi). * Laboratwari: Gupima amaraso, inkari, umusarani, n'amacandwe (nko gupima Malaria, SIDA, n'izindi). * Icyumba cy'inkomere (Soins d'Urgence): Koga, kwandika, n'ugupfuka inkomere cyangwa gushyiraho ibyuma (sutures) ku bakomeretse byoroheje. 3. Ubuvuzi n'Ubwitange kuri VIH/AIDS n'izindi Ndwara z'Ibyorezo<ref>https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kagugu-isoko-ryo-kugemura-ibikoresho-byo-mu-biro-2/</ref> * Gupima HIV ku buntu:Gutanga ubujyanama n'igipimo cya VIH mu ibanga. * Gutanga imiti igabanya ubukana:Gukurikirana no guha imiti ababana na virusi itera [[SIDA]] (iyi serivisi iri no kwagurwa binyuze mu mushinga wa AHF Rwanda). * Kuvura [[igituntu]] (TB): Gupima n'ugutanga imiti y'igituntu ku buntu. 4. Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe n'Ibindi * Ubujyanama mu mirire: Gupima igwingira n'izindi ndwara z'[[Imirire Mibi Mu Rwanda|imirire mibi]] mu bana n'abatwite, no gutanga ibiribwa bikungahaye (Fonio, Kanyamampa). * [[Ubuzima]] bwo mu mutwe: Gutanga ubujyanama bw'ibanze ku bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe cyangwa ihungabana, no kubohereza ku bitaro bikuru. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} qtpafbi7hwpm1dli1o8l0ganwncssik Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Shagasha 0 22966 137663 132614 2026-09-15T16:50:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137663 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] cya Shagasha <ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/rusizi-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-shagasha-begerejwe-cyabahinduriye-ubuzima/</ref>ni ivuriro ryubatse mu Murenge wa Gihundwe mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Iburengerazuba]]<ref>https://ibendera.com/rusizi-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-shagasha-cyatabaye-ubuzima-bwabasaga-28000/</ref> mu [[Rwanda]]. === Serivisi z’ibanze zitangwa n'iki kigo === Muri iki gihe, Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Shagasha gitanga serivisi zinyuranye kandi zifatiye ahasigaye [[ubuzima]] bw'abaturage, zirimo<ref>https://iribanews.com/rusizi-abaturage-bavuga-ko-ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-shagasha-cyabaruhuye/</ref>: * Kwakira no kuvura abarwayi: Gusuzuma no guha imiti abagana ikigo bose. * Serivisi z’ababyeyi:Gupima abagore batwite, kubabyaza, n'ubujyanama mu kuboneza urubyaro. * Gukingira [[abana]]:Kubahiriza gahunda z'igihugu zo gukingira abana indwara zinyururanye. * Kurwanya imirire mibi: Gutanga imfashanyo y’[[Ibirwa|ibiribwa]] nka ''Shisha Kibondo'' ku bana n'abagore bonsa bafite ikibazo cy[[Imirire Mibi Mu Rwanda|’imirire mibi]]. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 5n5ng84qo8oangifzfme5v3ux2eukgr Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Karama 0 22967 137736 132616 2026-09-15T17:02:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137736 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] cya Karama<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/huye-ku-marembo-y-ikigo-nderabuzima-habonetse-imibiri-y-abishwe-muri-jenoside</ref> (mu rurimi rw'icyongereza: ''Karama Health Center'') ni ivuriro rya Leta ry'ibanze riherereye mu Murenge wa Karama, mu [[Huye|Karere ka Huye]] mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo y'u Rwanda. Iki kigo ngerabuzima kigengwa n'Ibitaro Bikuru by'[[Akarere ka Huye]] bikorera munsi ya [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima|Minisiteri y'Ubuzima]] (MINISANTE). === Aho giherereye<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-karama-itangao-ryo-gupiganira-isoko/</ref> === Ivuriro riri mu Murenge wa Karama, umwe mu mirenge 14 igize [[Akarere ka Huye]]. Giherereye hafi y'icyahoze ari ibiro bya Komini Runyinya mu mateka y'Ubuyobozi bwa kera, kikaba cyorohereza abaturage b'icyaro batuye kure y'Umujyi wa Huye ([[Perefegitura ya Butare|Butare)]] kubona ubuvuzi bwihuse. === Serivisi zitangwa === Nka kimwe mu [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Bigo nderabuzima]] byateganyijwe na Leta y'u Rwanda mu rwego rwo kwegereza abaturage ubuvuzi, Karama itanga serivisi z'ibanze zirimo: * Ubuvuzi rusange: Gusuzuma no kuvura indwara zikunze kwasiha abaturage nka Marariya. * Ubuzima bw’umubyeyi n’umwana: Gukurikirana ababyeyi batwite, kubabyaza, gupima urubyaro, n'inkingo z'abana. * Laboratwari: Gufata n'ugupima ibizamini by'ibanze by'amaraso. * Gukurikirana abarembye: Iki kigo cyahawe [[Imbangukira gutabara|imbangukira]] [[Imbangukira gutabara|gutabara]] (Ambulance) ihoraho yohereza abaturage bakeneye ubuvuzi bwisumbuye ku Bitaro Bikuru by'Akarere ka Huye == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 1167iy7ut99yqajyp9yqhkijhh83l5f Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Nyange 0 22972 137328 132777 2026-09-15T14:25:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137328 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Nyange''' <ref>[https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-nyange-isoko-ryo-kugemura-ibikoresho-byisuku-ibyo-mu-biro-iryo-gusana-no-kugura-ibikoresho-byikoranabuhanga-niryo-gusana-inyubako-zikigo-nderabuzima/ » Ikigo Nderabuzima cya NYANGE: Isoko ryo kugemura ibikoresho by’isuku, ibyo mu biro, iryo gusana no kugura ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’iryo gusana inyubako z’ikigo nderabuzima ImvahoNshya]</ref>ni ikigo cy’ubuzima giherereye mu Murenge wa Nyange, [[Akarere ka Ngororero]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y’Iburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Gifasha abaturage mu mitangire ya serivisi z’[[ubuzima]] rusange, kikaba cyaravuguruwe mu buryo bujyanye n’igihe, hubakwa inyubako nshya n’ibikoresho bigezweho. === Serivisi zihatangirwa<ref>[https://www.teradignews.rw/rw/ngororero-ivugururwa-ryikigonderabuzima-cya-nyange-ryateye-akanyamuneza-ku-bacyivurizamo/ Ngororero: Ivugururwa ry’Ikigonderabuzima cya Nyange ryateye akanyamuneza ku bacyivurizamo - Teradig News]</ref> === * '''Serivisi rusange:''' Kwakira abarwayi, kubaha imiti, gukurikirana indwara zisanzwe. * '''Maternité:''' Kwita ku babyeyi batwite, kubakira mu buryo buboneye, kwibaruka mu nzu y’ababyeyi nshya. * '''Laboratwari:''' Isuzuma ry’indwara zitandukanye hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bigezweho. * '''Ubuzima bw’abana:''' Gukurikirana ubuzima bw’[[abana]], gukingira indwara z’ibyorezo. * '''Ubujyanama ku buzima:''' Inama ku [[Kwirinde indwara zo mu kanwa n’iz’amenyo|kwirinda indwara]], kwishyura mituweri ku gihe, no kwivuza hakiri kare. === Amateka <ref>[https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/nyange-sector-hatashywe-imihanda-ya-kabulimbo-ninyubako-zikigo-nderabuzima Nyange sector: Hatashywe imihanda ya kabulimbo n'inyubako z'ikigo nderabuzima]</ref> === * '''Icyiciro cy’ibanze:''' Ikigo cyatangiye gitanga serivisi z’ubuzima rusange mu Murenge wa Nyange, cyibanda ku kwakira abarwayi n’ubujyanama ku buzima. * '''Gusana inyubako:''' Mu Ukuboza 2024, hatangijwe isoko ryo gusana inyubako z’ikigo, kugura ibikoresho by’[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]], n’ibikoresho by’isuku. * '''Kongeramo serivisi nshya:''' Nyuma y’isanwa, hiyongereye inzu y’ababyeyi (maternité) n’indi laboratwari ifite ibikoresho bigezweho. * '''Inkunga y’abafatanyabikorwa:''' Pro-Poor Basket Development Funds yatanze inkunga yo kuvugurura ikigo, igamije gufasha abaturage batishoboye kubona serivisi z’ubuzima. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} cz0obwjk6b07w5jgte64m4ts1bh5ut4 Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Nyarugunga 0 22973 137351 132779 2026-09-15T14:29:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137351 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] cya Nyarugunga<ref>[https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-nyarugunga-isoko-ryo-gusana-inyubako-zikigo-niryisuku-mu-kigo-nderabuzima/ » IKIGO NDERABUZIMA CYA NYARUGUNGA: Isoko ryo gusana inyubako z’ikigo n’iry’isuku mu kigo nderabuzima ImvahoNshya]</ref> ni rumwe mu bigo nderabuzima byo mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], giherereye mu Murenge wa Nyarugunga mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] kikaba gifasha abaturage mu rwego rw’ubuzima rusange, serivisi z’isuku, n’ubuvuzi bw’ibanze. === Serivisi zitangwa ku Nyarugunga Health Centre === * '''Ubuvuzi bw’ibanze:''' Kwakira abarwayi, kubaha imiti y’ibanze, no kubohereza ku bitaro bikuru. * '''Ubuzima bw’umubyeyi n’umwana:''' Serivisi z’inda, kuboneza urubyaro, n’inkingo z’abana. * '''Laboratwari:''' Isuzuma ry’indwara zitandukanye hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bigezweho. * '''Isuku n’isukura:''' Gukangurira abaturage gukaraba intoki, kwirinda indwara ziterwa n’isuku nke. * '''Ubukangurambaga:''' Inama ku kwirinda indwara z’ibyorezo no gukoresha serivisi z’ubuzima<ref>[https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/habaye-ubugenzuzi-bwisuku-ku-kigo-nderabuzima-cya-cor-unum HABAYE UBUGENZUZI BW’ISUKU KU KIGO NDERABUZIMA CYA COR UNUM]</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} b89x03db4oc3kvj3fcxa5ej6kuwm7fu Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Cor Unum 0 22994 137644 133252 2026-09-15T16:48:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Ikigo nderabuzima|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] cya Cor Unum'''<ref name=":0">https://www.nyarugenge.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/habaye-ubugenzuzi-bwisuku-ku-kigo-nderabuzima-cya-cor-unu</ref> ni ikigo nderabuzima giherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Kimisagara|Murenge wa Kimisagara]], [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali,]] u [[Rwanda]]. Ni kimwe mu bigo nderabuzima bikorana n'[[Ibitaro bya Muhima]] mu gutanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi bw'ibanze ku baturage. === Amateka === [[IKIGO NDERABUZIMA CYA MUNYIGINYA|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] cya Cor Unum <ref>[https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-cor-unum-kimisagara-isoko-ryo-gukora-isuku-nisukura-kugura-no-kugemura-ibikoresho-byo-mu-biro-nibyikoranabuhanga-isoko-ryo-kugemura-ibiryo-mu-gihe-cyiminsi-mikuru-ir/ » Ikigo Nderabuzima cya COR UNUM KIMISAGARA: Isoko ryo gukora isuku n’isukura, kugura no kugemura ibikoresho byo mu biro n’iby’ikoranabuhanga, isoko ryo kugemura ibiryo mu gihe cy’iminsi mikuru, iryo kugemura semi cuir zo gufunika matelas z’abarwayi… ImvahoNshya]</ref>cyashyizweho hagamijwe kwegereza abaturage serivisi z'ubuvuzi no kugabanya intera bajyaga bakora bagana kwa muganga. Gikorana n'Ibitaro bya Muhima mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi bw'ibanze. === Serivisi zihatangirwa === Iki kigo gitanga serivisi zirimo<ref name=":0" />: * Kwivuza [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|indwara]] rusange * Serivisi z'ubuzima bw'umubyeyi n'umwana * Gukurikirana inda no kubyaza * Gukingira [[Umwana|abana]] * Gahunda yo [[Kuboneza Urubyaro|kuboneza urubyaro]] * Gupima no kuvura indwara zandura n'izitandura * Laboratwari n'itangwa ry'imiti. ===== Imikorere ===== Ikigo Nderabuzima cya [[Çorum|Cor Unum]] kiri mu muyoboro w'ibigo nderabuzima bikurikiranwa n'[[Ibitaro bya Muhima|Ibitaro bya Muhima.]] Gikorana n'[[abajyanama b'ubuzima]] n'inzego z'ibanze mu guteza imbere [[ubuzima]] bw'abaturage. ==== Reba ibindi ==== * [[Ibitaro bya Muhima]] * [[Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 58fyolurq1t7jlvpt1ex35fvu72aoyl Agatotsi kongeye hagati ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'America na Iran 0 23012 137352 133704 2026-09-15T14:29:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137352 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kuri uyu wa 8 Nyakanga 2026 habaye ibitero bisya hagati ya America na Iran == Mu minsi ya vuba , umwuka mubi hagati ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'America na Iran wongeye gukomera cyane .Raporo zigaragaza ko habayeho ibitero bishya hagati y'impande zombi , ndetse n'ibikangisho byo gukomeza ibikorwa bya gisirikare , ibintu byashyize mu kaga umuhora wa horumuz, inzira inyuramo igice kinini cy'ubucuruzwa bwa peteroli ku isi.<ref name=":0">https://umuseke.rw/iran-na-amerika-byongeye-kurasana/</ref> America yagabye ibitero byinshi byo mu kirere ku birindiro bya gisirikare bya iran, ivuga ko byari igisubizo ku bitero bya Iran yari yagabye ku mato y'ubucuruzi anyura mu muhora wa Hormuz. Ibi bitero byibasiye ibikorwa by'ubwirinzi bwo mu kirere , radari, ububiko bwa missile n'ibindi bikorwa remezo bya gisisrikare.<ref name=":0" /> Iran yahise isubiza irasa missile n'indege zitagira abapilote ku birindiro by'America biri muri Kuwait na Bahrain, inavuga ko ishobora kwagura ibitero n'ibikomeza. Pwerezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z'America Donald Trump yavuze ko amasezerano y' agahenge yari arangiye , ariko asiga umuryango ufunguye ku biganiro by'amahoro mu gihe Iran yahagarika ibikorwa byayo. ibi byatumye impungenge z'uko intambara ishobora gukwira mu karere zongera kwiyongera.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mahanga/article/iran-yongeye-gukozanyaho-na-amerika-trump-yemeza-ko-agahenge-karangiye</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} gzj6dm025z7ce74jy0ccm5w5w34ryau Umwaka w'imikino 2026/2027 mu ma shampiyona akomeye kw'isi 0 23044 137353 134489 2026-09-15T14:29:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 137353 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu gihe hirya no hino kwisi amakipe akomeje kwitegura umwaka w'imikino wa 2026/2027 hirya no hino kw'isi hamaze kumenyekana igihe amashampiyona ndetse n'amarushanwa akomeye azagarukira<ref name=":0">https://www.premierleague.com/en/news/4675097/all-380-fixtures-for-202627-premier-league-season</ref> == Irushanwa rya amakipe yabaye ayambere iwayo mu bihugu byiburayi( UEFA Champions Legue) == UEFA ishyirahamwe ry'umupira ritegura amarushanwa mu bihugu by'ibirayi ryamaze gutangaza ko imikino ya UEFA Champion League iztangira mu bihe bikurikira<ref name=":1">https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/02a6-20d57cfcd03e-407c22a7f465-1000--2026-27-champions-league-teams-dates-draws-format-final/</ref> '''Imikino yo gushaka itike''' yatangiye itariki 7 Nyakanaga 2026, kandi izarangira 26 Kanama 2026<ref name=":1" /> '''Imikino yo mumatsinda ,''' amakipe 36 azakina amatsinda imikino yayo izatangira muri Nzeri 2026<ref name=":1" /> '''Umukino wanyuma,''' amakipe azagera ku mukino wanyuma azakina umukino wanyuma 5 Kamena 2027 kuri Estadio Metropolitano i Madrid mu gihugu cya Espagne<ref name=":2">https://ukwelitimes.com/premier-league-yashyize-hanze-ingengabihe-ya-shampiyona-ya-202627</ref> == Shampiyona y'ikiciro cya mbere mu bwongereza (English Premier League)<ref name=":2" /> == Shampiyona y'ikiciro cya mbere mu bwongereza 2026/27 biteganyijwe ko izatangira ku wa Gatanu, tariki 21 Kanama 2026 . umukino ufungura ni Arsenal ifite igikombe giheruka ndetse na Coventry city yazamutse mu kiciro cya kabiri. Iyi shampiyona ikaba izarangira ku wa 30 Gicurasi 2027<ref name=":0" /> == Shampiona y'ikiciro cya mbere muri espagne (La Liga) == Mu gihugu cya Espagne biteganyijwe ko shampiona yabao y'ikiciro cya mbere izatangira ku wa 14 Kanama 2026 ikaba izarangira muri Gicurasi 2027 . Umukino ufungura iyi shampiyona uzba hagati ya Alaves ndeste n'ikipe ya Getafe<ref name=":3">https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/hatangajwe-igihe-shampiyona-yu-rwanda-ya-2026-27-izatangirira/</ref> == Andi mashampiyona abantu bategereje == '''Shampiyona y'ikiciro cya mbere mu Bufaransa (Ligue 1)''' biteganyijwe ko izatangira ku wa 21 Kanama 2026 ikarangira 29 Gicurasi 2027<ref>https://ligue1.com/en/calendar/ligue1</ref> '''Shampiyona y'ikiciro cya mbere mu Butariyani ( Serie 1)''' biteganyijwe ko izatangira 22-23 Kanama 2026 ikarangira 29 Gicurasi 2027<ref>https://en.legaseriea.it/serie-a/news/looking-forward-to-the-2026-27-serie-a-fixture-list</ref> '''Shampiyona y'ikiciro cya mbere mu Budage ( Bundesliga)''' biteganyijwe ko izatangira 28 Kanama 2026 ikarangira 22 Gicurasi 2027<ref>https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/2026-27-season-fixture-schedules-37671</ref> == Shampiyona y'ikiciro cya mbere mu Rwanda 2026/27<ref name=":3" /> == Shampiyona y' u Rwanda mu mupira wa magauru (BK Pro League) y'umwaka wa 2026/27 izatangira ku wa 4 Nzeri 2026 , mu ngengabihe nshyashya yashyizwe hanze na FERWAFA ishyirahamwe ry'imipira w'amaguru mu Rwanda igaragaza ko:<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/amakipe-ya-rwanda-premier-league-agiye-guhabwa-imipira-yihariye-yo-gukina</ref> * '''Nzeri 4, 2026:''' shampiyona izatangira * '''Mutarama 22,2027:''' imikino ibanza izasozwa (phase aller) * '''Gashyantare 5,2027:''' imikino yo kwishyura izatangira(phase retour) * '''Gicurasi 20,2027:''' shampiyona izasozwa ku mugaragaro == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} j6tnvoc5wc10f0rlq6o5n3e5dmrm5r9 NUWAMANYA Bernard Amon 0 23080 137782 2026-09-15T18:09:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[NUWAMANYA Bernard Amon]] to [[Bernard Amon Nuwamanya]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137782 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bernard Amon Nuwamanya]] s70sy1vqjw3mj2qhr53jjcrqze8023p UWINGABE Solange 0 23081 137784 2026-09-15T18:12:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[UWINGABE Solange]] to [[Solange Uwingabe]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137784 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Solange Uwingabe]] rx8b1vwv92jx6p7eczsnsf40g33r709 MUKAMANA Soline 0 23082 137786 2026-09-15T18:12:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[MUKAMANA Soline]] to [[Soline Mukamana]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137786 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Soline Mukamana]] 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2026-09-15T18:16:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[YAMPANO]] to [[Yampano]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137804 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yampano]] 63cefypw1w5mf3idxybrdrtmdco3x2x Claudette nsengimana 0 23092 137806 2026-09-15T18:16:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Claudette nsengimana]] to [[Claudette Nsengimana]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137806 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Claudette Nsengimana]] qxcoujta9k3gseytwxt8xp3cqnysu7x Ibiganiro:Claudette nsengimana 1 23093 137808 2026-09-15T18:16:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Ibiganiro:Claudette nsengimana]] to [[Ibiganiro:Claudette Nsengimana]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137808 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ibiganiro:Claudette Nsengimana]] 9qcew0rmja704cv8yr7q2sycd2ev3xi Mutesi scovia 0 23094 137810 2026-09-15T18:17:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Mutesi scovia]] to [[Scovia Mutesi]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137810 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Scovia Mutesi]] nqynxzg5rxeqfyqvvyow82ykxebkpqy Ibiganiro:Mutesi scovia 1 23095 137812 2026-09-15T18:17:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Ibiganiro:Mutesi scovia]] to [[Ibiganiro:Scovia Mutesi]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137812 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ibiganiro:Scovia Mutesi]] lbjkhfx71mdxkjtrh7onj8mavjxabt1 Mukandayisenga jeannine 0 23096 137814 2026-09-15T18:17:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Mukandayisenga jeannine]] to [[Jeannine Mukandayisenga]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137814 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Jeannine Mukandayisenga]] l3h1tqhx5r86gr3garj43jku2ackbgf Gahamanyi viateur 0 23097 137816 2026-09-15T18:17:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Gahamanyi viateur]] to [[Viateur Gahamanyi]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137816 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Viateur Gahamanyi]] b7vqlh5crdlr88rghl13cxwq231sgh8 Ishimwe vestine 0 23098 137818 2026-09-15T18:18:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Score Beethoven moved page [[Ishimwe vestine]] to [[Vestine Ishimwe]]: Guhindura izina ry'ingingo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kwita ingingo zivuga ku buzima bw'abantu: Izina bwite (Prénom) + Izina ry'umuryango (Nom) | Renamed per the naming convention for biographical articles: Given name(s) Surname(s) 137818 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Vestine Ishimwe]] jhacc0zo5ktzkn39vzjhyjxrcbk8ib3 Bikira Mariya wa Nili (filime) 0 23099 137819 2026-09-16T10:39:12Z TheJackNation 11198 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372962601|Our Lady of the Nile (film)]]" 137819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Our Lady of the Nile|native_name={{infobox name module|fr|Notre-Dame du Nil}}|image=|caption=Film poster|director=[[Atiq Rahimi]]|producer=[[Charlotte Casiraghi]]<br>Marie Legrand<br>Rani Massalha<br>Dimitri Rassam|writer=Atiq Rahimi<br>[[Ramata-Toulaye Sy]]|based_on=''[[Our Lady of the Nile]] (Notre-Dame du Nil)'' by [[Scholastique Mukasonga]]|starring=Amanda Mugabezaki<br>Albina Kirenga<br>Malaika Uwamahoro|editing=Hervé de Luze|music=|cinematography=Thierry Arbogast|released={{Film date|df=yes|2019|09|5|[[2019 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|2020|02|5|ref2=<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cineuropa.org/en/film/377235/ | title=Our Lady of the Nile (Notre-Dame du Nil) }}</ref>}}|runtime=93 minutes|language=French, Kinyarwanda|studio=Les Films du Tambour<br>Chapter 2<br>[[France 2 Cinéma]]<br>Swoon Productions<br>Belga Productions|country=France<br>Belgium<br>Rwanda<br>Monaco}}Filime '''ya Our Lady of the Nile''' (Bikira Mariya wa Nile) yo mu mwaka w'2019 yayobowe kandi inandikirwa na Atiq Rahimi . Iyi filime ishingiye ku gitabo cyasohotse mu mwaka w'2012 cyitwa ''Our Lady of the Nile'' cyanditswe n'umwanditsi w'Umunyarwandakazi witwa [[Scholastique Mukasonga]], ni igitabo kivuga ku mateka y'u Rwanda, mu ntangiriro z'amakimbirane hagati y'Abahutu [[Abatutsi|n'Abatutsi]] yaje kurangira habayeho [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-29 |title=TIFF 2019: Updated – The Globe's latest ratings and reviews of movies screening at the festival |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/tiff/article-tiff-2019-the-globes-guide-to-movies-screening-at-the-festival/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=The Globe and Mail |language=en-CA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Deborah |date=2019-09-14 |title='Our Lady of the Nile' ('Notre-Dame du Nil'): Film Review {{!}} TIFF 2019 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/lady-nile-review-1239709/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=McDonald |first=Soraya Nadia |date=2019-09-14 |title=TIFF 2019: Contrasting visions of Africa in 'Our Lady of the Nile' and 'Sweetness in the Belly' |url=https://andscape.com/features/tiff-2019-contrasting-visions-of-africa-in-our-lady-of-the-nile-and-sweetness-in-the-belly/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=Andscape |language=en-US}}</ref> == Inkuru ya filime == Iyi filime ivuga ku [[Rwanda]] mu ntangiriro z'umwaka w' 1990 mu ishuri ry’abakobwa b’abagatolika ry’abana bato, Our Lady of the Nile, riri hafi y’isoko y’uruzi rwa Nili. Iri shuri rihuza abanyeshuri bakomokaga mu miryango y’Abahutu [[Abatutsi|n’Abatutsi]], riyobowe n’abapadiri n’abarimu b’i Burayi. Nubwo ikigo cyatezaga imbere umuco mwiza n'indangagaciro z'idini, amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko yari agihari. Abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi bahuraga n'ivangura ridasanzwe, mu gihe abanyeshuri b'Abahutu bashishikarizwa kugaragaza ubwoko bwabo. Uko ibibazo bya politiki byarushagaho kwiyongera mu gihugu hose, ni na ko urwango muri iryo shuri rwarushagaho kwiyongera. Babitewe n’ibitekerezo bya poropaganda n’igitutu cyo mu miryango, bamwe mu banyeshuri bakoraga ibikorwa byo kwirukana no guhohotera bagenzi babo b’Abatutsi. Gusenyuka kw'amategeko muri iryo ishuri bigaragaza isenyuka rikomeye ry'imibereho ryabaye mu muryango nyarwanda, bikaba byaraganishije u Rwanda kuri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile (2019) |url=https://en.unifrance.org/movie/47576/our-lady-of-the-nile# |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=en.unifrance.org |language=en}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Clariella Bizimana nka Veronika * Amanda Santa Mugabekazi nka Virginia * Pascal Greggory nka Monsieur Fontenaille * Albina Kirenga nka Gloriosa * Belinda Rubango nka Modesta <ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Deborah |date=2019-09-14 |title='Our Lady of the Nile' ('Notre-Dame du Nil'): Film Review {{!}} TIFF 2019 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/lady-nile-review-1239709/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Malaika Uwamahoro]] (uzwi nka Angel Uwamahoro) nka Immaculée == Ibihembo == Iserukiramuco Mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Berlin rya 2020, ryatsindiye: Crystal Bear (Generation 14plus) Filime nziza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile and Sweet Thing win the Crystal Bears in Berlin's Generation |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/386145/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Meza |first=Ed |date=2020-02-29 |title='There Is No Evil' Wins Golden Bear at Berlin Film Festival |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/berlin-film-festival-2020-award-winners-1203519894/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ibirori yerekanwemo == * Iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Toronto rya 2019 (aho yerekanwe bwa mbere ku mugaragaro) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keizer |first=Mark |date=2019-09-06 |title=Film Review: 'Our Lady of the Nile' |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/film-review-our-lady-of-the-nile-1203325073/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019. Antalya Zahabu ya Orange Ibirori * 2020, Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Giffoni <ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR LADY OF THE NILE |url=https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/film-giffoni50/4767-our-lady-of-the-nile.html |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.giffonifilmfestival.it |language=en-gb}}</ref> * 2020, Sinema <ref>{{Cite web |title=Film OUR LADY OF THE NILE |url=https://www.festivalcinemania.com/en/film/our-lady-of-the-nile |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425163957/https://www.festivalcinemania.com/en/film/our-lady-of-the-nile |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Cinemania festival |language=en-gb}}</ref> * Afurika ya 2020 iri mu rugendo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile (Notre-Dame Du Nil) (2019) |url=https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/festival/programme/event/520/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124133239/https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/festival/programme/event/520/ |archive-date=2021-01-24 |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Africa in Motion |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020, Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya São Paulo * 2020, Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Friborg * 2020, Iserukiramuco rya Filime ry'i Burayi rya Seville <ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR LADY OF THE NILE {{!}} Festival de Cine de Sevilla |url=http://festivalcinesevilla.eu/en/films/our-lady-nile |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Festiva de Sevilla |language=en}}</ref> * 2020, Iserukiramuco Mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Palm Springs <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile {{!}} Palm Springs International Film Festival |url=https://www.psfilmfest.org/2020-ps-film-festival/film-finder/our-lady-of-the-nile |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.psfilmfest.org}}</ref> * 2020, Iserukiramuco Mpuzamahanga rya Filimi rya Haifa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile {{!}} Notre-Dame du Nil |url=https://www.haifaff.co.il/eng/Films/7178/Our_Lady_of_the_Nile_%7C_Notre-Dame_du_Nil |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Haifa 38th International Film Festival |language=en}}</ref> * 2020, Iserukiramuco rya Filime Nyafurika rya Luxor <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile |url=http://www.luxorafricanfilmfestival.com/en/PastEditions/2020/Film/Diaspora/Our%20Lady%20of%20the%20Nile |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.luxorafricanfilmfestival.com}}</ref> * 2021, Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Adelaide <ref>{{Cite book |title=AFF Youth Our Lady of the Nile. |url=https://adelaidefilmfestival.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/AFF-Youth-Our-Lady-of-the-Nile.pdf |publisher=[[Adelaide Film Festival]] 2021}}</ref> * 2021, [[Iserukiramuco rya Filime, Inc.|Iserukiramuco rya Filime muri Afurika rya New York]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/event/our-lady-of-the-nile/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Darwin <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile at The Darwin International Film Festival - movie times & tickets |url=https://diff.net.au/movie/our-lady-of-the-nile |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=diff.net.au}}</ref> * Iserukiramuco Mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Marrakech == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Amashakiro yo hanze == * Our Lady of the Nile at IMDb * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/our_lady_of_the_nile_2019 Our Lady of the Nile]'' at Rotten Tomatoes * [https://www.metacritic.com/movie/our-lady-of-the-nile Our Lady of the Nile] at Metacritic [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Sinema nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Sinema]] [[Ikiciro:Filime]] qk5ft0e44rmuzbgbmfqkjudjjyhcl5h 137820 137819 2026-09-16T10:39:42Z TheJackNation 11198 137820 wikitext text/x-wiki Filime '''ya Our Lady of the Nile''' (Bikira Mariya wa Nile) yo mu mwaka w'2019 yayobowe kandi inandikirwa na Atiq Rahimi . Iyi filime ishingiye ku gitabo cyasohotse mu mwaka w'2012 cyitwa ''Our Lady of the Nile'' cyanditswe n'umwanditsi w'Umunyarwandakazi witwa [[Scholastique Mukasonga]], ni igitabo kivuga ku mateka y'u Rwanda, mu ntangiriro z'amakimbirane hagati y'Abahutu [[Abatutsi|n'Abatutsi]] yaje kurangira habayeho [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-29 |title=TIFF 2019: Updated – The Globe's latest ratings and reviews of movies screening at the festival |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/tiff/article-tiff-2019-the-globes-guide-to-movies-screening-at-the-festival/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=The Globe and Mail |language=en-CA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Deborah |date=2019-09-14 |title='Our Lady of the Nile' ('Notre-Dame du Nil'): Film Review {{!}} TIFF 2019 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/lady-nile-review-1239709/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=McDonald |first=Soraya Nadia |date=2019-09-14 |title=TIFF 2019: Contrasting visions of Africa in 'Our Lady of the Nile' and 'Sweetness in the Belly' |url=https://andscape.com/features/tiff-2019-contrasting-visions-of-africa-in-our-lady-of-the-nile-and-sweetness-in-the-belly/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=Andscape |language=en-US}}</ref> == Inkuru ya filime == Iyi filime ivuga ku [[Rwanda]] mu ntangiriro z'umwaka w' 1990 mu ishuri ry’abakobwa b’abagatolika ry’abana bato, Our Lady of the Nile, riri hafi y’isoko y’uruzi rwa Nili. Iri shuri rihuza abanyeshuri bakomokaga mu miryango y’Abahutu [[Abatutsi|n’Abatutsi]], riyobowe n’abapadiri n’abarimu b’i Burayi. Nubwo ikigo cyatezaga imbere umuco mwiza n'indangagaciro z'idini, amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko yari agihari. Abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi bahuraga n'ivangura ridasanzwe, mu gihe abanyeshuri b'Abahutu bashishikarizwa kugaragaza ubwoko bwabo. Uko ibibazo bya politiki byarushagaho kwiyongera mu gihugu hose, ni na ko urwango muri iryo shuri rwarushagaho kwiyongera. Babitewe n’ibitekerezo bya poropaganda n’igitutu cyo mu miryango, bamwe mu banyeshuri bakoraga ibikorwa byo kwirukana no guhohotera bagenzi babo b’Abatutsi. Gusenyuka kw'amategeko muri iryo ishuri bigaragaza isenyuka rikomeye ry'imibereho ryabaye mu muryango nyarwanda, bikaba byaraganishije u Rwanda kuri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile (2019) |url=https://en.unifrance.org/movie/47576/our-lady-of-the-nile# |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=en.unifrance.org |language=en}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Clariella Bizimana nka Veronika * Amanda Santa Mugabekazi nka Virginia * Pascal Greggory nka Monsieur Fontenaille * Albina Kirenga nka Gloriosa * Belinda Rubango nka Modesta <ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Deborah |date=2019-09-14 |title='Our Lady of the Nile' ('Notre-Dame du Nil'): Film Review {{!}} TIFF 2019 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/lady-nile-review-1239709/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Malaika Uwamahoro]] (uzwi nka Angel Uwamahoro) nka Immaculée == Ibihembo == Iserukiramuco Mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Berlin rya 2020, ryatsindiye: Crystal Bear (Generation 14plus) Filime nziza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile and Sweet Thing win the Crystal Bears in Berlin's Generation |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/386145/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Meza |first=Ed |date=2020-02-29 |title='There Is No Evil' Wins Golden Bear at Berlin Film Festival |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/berlin-film-festival-2020-award-winners-1203519894/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ibirori yerekanwemo == * Iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Toronto rya 2019 (aho yerekanwe bwa mbere ku mugaragaro) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keizer |first=Mark |date=2019-09-06 |title=Film Review: 'Our Lady of the Nile' |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/film-review-our-lady-of-the-nile-1203325073/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019. Antalya Zahabu ya Orange Ibirori * 2020, Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Giffoni <ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR LADY OF THE NILE |url=https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/film-giffoni50/4767-our-lady-of-the-nile.html |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.giffonifilmfestival.it |language=en-gb}}</ref> * 2020, Sinema <ref>{{Cite web |title=Film OUR LADY OF THE NILE |url=https://www.festivalcinemania.com/en/film/our-lady-of-the-nile |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425163957/https://www.festivalcinemania.com/en/film/our-lady-of-the-nile |archive-date=2023-04-25 |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Cinemania festival |language=en-gb}}</ref> * Afurika ya 2020 iri mu rugendo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile (Notre-Dame Du Nil) (2019) |url=https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/festival/programme/event/520/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124133239/https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/festival/programme/event/520/ |archive-date=2021-01-24 |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Africa in Motion |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2020, Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya São Paulo * 2020, Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Friborg * 2020, Iserukiramuco rya Filime ry'i Burayi rya Seville <ref>{{Cite web |title=OUR LADY OF THE NILE {{!}} Festival de Cine de Sevilla |url=http://festivalcinesevilla.eu/en/films/our-lady-nile |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Festiva de Sevilla |language=en}}</ref> * 2020, Iserukiramuco Mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Palm Springs <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile {{!}} Palm Springs International Film Festival |url=https://www.psfilmfest.org/2020-ps-film-festival/film-finder/our-lady-of-the-nile |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.psfilmfest.org}}</ref> * 2020, Iserukiramuco Mpuzamahanga rya Filimi rya Haifa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile {{!}} Notre-Dame du Nil |url=https://www.haifaff.co.il/eng/Films/7178/Our_Lady_of_the_Nile_%7C_Notre-Dame_du_Nil |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Haifa 38th International Film Festival |language=en}}</ref> * 2020, Iserukiramuco rya Filime Nyafurika rya Luxor <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile |url=http://www.luxorafricanfilmfestival.com/en/PastEditions/2020/Film/Diaspora/Our%20Lady%20of%20the%20Nile |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.luxorafricanfilmfestival.com}}</ref> * 2021, Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Adelaide <ref>{{Cite book |title=AFF Youth Our Lady of the Nile. |url=https://adelaidefilmfestival.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/AFF-Youth-Our-Lady-of-the-Nile.pdf |publisher=[[Adelaide Film Festival]] 2021}}</ref> * 2021, [[Iserukiramuco rya Filime, Inc.|Iserukiramuco rya Filime muri Afurika rya New York]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/event/our-lady-of-the-nile/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Darwin <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Nile at The Darwin International Film Festival - movie times & tickets |url=https://diff.net.au/movie/our-lady-of-the-nile |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=diff.net.au}}</ref> * Iserukiramuco Mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Marrakech == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Amashakiro yo hanze == * Our Lady of the Nile at IMDb * ''[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/our_lady_of_the_nile_2019 Our Lady of the Nile]'' at Rotten Tomatoes * [https://www.metacritic.com/movie/our-lady-of-the-nile Our Lady of the Nile] at Metacritic [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Sinema nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Sinema]] [[Ikiciro:Filime]] toa48mxds5t1bk7q9ywwl20irf0kmoq