Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8550 138891 130488 2026-09-17T19:53:19Z Damien 2026 18940 Gukosora 138891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyamata''' n'umujyi uri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba [[Rwanda|bw'u Rwanda]] mukarere ka Bugesera. Nyamata ijambo ku rindi risobanura "ahantu h'amata" bivuye mu [[Dosiye:RW_Nyamata_(2).jpg|thumb|umujyi wa Nyamata- Bugesera (2)|299x299px]] magambo abiri ya [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] "nya-" (ya) na "amata" (amata). [[Dosiye:Palast_Rock_Hotel_located_in_Nyamata,_Bugesera_District.jpg|thumb|Imwe muri hoteli nziza ziri mu mujyi wa Nyamata mu Karere ka Bugesera|294x294px]] == Aho iherereye == [[Nyamata]] iherereye mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]], [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]], [[Umurwa|umurwa mukuru]] w'igihugu n'umujyi munini mu gihugu. Aho iherereye ni 39 kilometres (24 mi), kumuhanda, mumajyepfo ya [[Kigali]] . == Amateka == Ntabwo bizwi neza ibyabereye muri kariya karere mbere ya 1900. Mu 1900 ariko, habaye intambara hagati y'Ubwami bw'u [[Rwanda]]-Rwagasabo na Cyirima nk'Umwami, n'Ubwami bwa Bugesera Umwami we yari Nsoro. Bugesera yatsinze intambara, Nsoro yigarurira Cyirima ariko ntiyamwica cyangwa ngo agire ifasi y'u Rwanda-Rwagasabo. Nsoro amaze gupfa umuhungu we Ruganzu Ndori yabaye Umwami. Ruganzu Ndori yari [[umwami]] wa nyuma wa Bugesera, yapfuye mu 1962 igihe u Rwanda rwaba repubulika. == Incamake == [[File:Exterior_of_Catholic_Church_Genocide_Site_-_Nyamata_-_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Inyuma y’urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kiliziya Gatolika|372x372px]] [[Nyamata]] n'umujyi muto mu Karere ka Bugesera, mu Rwanda. Ikibuga cy’indege gishya, ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, kirimo kubakwa, kuva muri Kanama 2017, biteganijwe ko ibyiciro bya mbere bizarangira muri 2019. Umujyi kandi niho Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata . Urwibutso ruherereye aho [[kiliziya Gatolika]] ya Paruwasi ya Nyamata yahoze ihagaze, irimo ibisigazwa by’abantu barenga 45.000 bahohotewe na jenoside, hafi ya bose bakaba bari [[abatutsi]], barimo abarenga 10,000 biciwe muri iryo torero ubwaryo. == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo ku ya 15 Kanama 2012, abaturage ba [[Nyamata]] bari 34.922. == Ingingo zishimishije == Ingingo zikurikira inyungu ziri mu mujyi cyangwa hafi y'imbibi y' umujyi: (a) Nyamata urwibutso rwa Jenoside, (b) mu biro Nyamata Inama Town, (c) [[Nyamata]] hagati isoko (d) ishami rya [[Banki ya Kigali]], (e) ishami rya Banki ya Urwego Opportunity na (f) Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, hafi y'umujyi wa Rilima . == Reba kandi == * [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] * [[Banki ya Kigali|Bank of Kigali]] * Urwego Amahirwe Banki == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.easternprovince.gov.rw/index.php Urubuga rw'Intara y'Iburasirazuba, u Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) & (Icyongereza)] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2014/jul/04/-sp-rwanda-genocide-nyamata-liberation-day-photography Ishusho y'urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata] 83mdv63fpsn1ozt18rc1balv368iyvn 3 9000 138919 77143 2026-09-18T02:46:33Z Max 13191 Max moved page [[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:SHB2000]] to [[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:SHB]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/SHB2000|SHB2000]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/SHB|SHB]]" 77143 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="border: 1rem #dd0000 ridge; padding: 0.5em;">Hello! Please message me on [[m:User talk:SHB2000|meta.wikimedia.org]] instead. I may not notice messages on this page.</div> ojy2vkqs676esjrcfi79dwyt0tjr5xc 0 9591 138893 133135 2026-09-17T21:08:55Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138893 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amavu n' amavuko == '''Hon. Umuhire Adrie''' (yavutse taliki 25.07.1977) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda, senateri watowe ahagarariye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y'amajyepfo]]. '''Umuhire''' afite Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu inyigisho z'iterambere. == Umwuga == Guhera mu Kwakira 2019 ,yabaye umusenateri na perezida wa komite ishinzwe imibereho myiza n'uburenganzira bwa muntu, iyi mirimo aracyayikomeje ('''Senator and the chairperson of the committee on Social Affairs and Human Rights from October 2019- ongoing),''' kuva mu mwaka wa 2006 kugera Ukwakira 2019 yakoze muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda ishami ryigisha ubugeni cg ubuhanzi n'ubumenyi bw'imibereho '''(Assistant Lecturer at University of Rwanda, College of Arts and Social Science from 2006 up to October 2019),''' sibyo gusa kuko kuva 2011 kugera 2016 yabaye umwe mu bagize akanama k'abagore bashinzwe imibereho myiza mu murenge wa Ngoma mu [[akarere ka Huye]], mu [[intara]] y' amagepfo ('''A member of National Women Council in Charge of Social Affairs in Ngoma Sector of Huye District /Southern Province: 2011- 2016'''), mu nama y'abasenateri yabaye kuwa 30 Werurwe 2021, umuyobozi wa sena '''Hon Adrie Umuhire''' yavuze ko ubushakashatsi bwabo bwakozwe mu turere 12 muri 30, bugaragaza iterambere ry'ubumwe n'ubwiyunge ko bishoboka niba abaturage bose babishishikarijwe. == Amashakiro == <references /> https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Abasenateri-bavuze-ko-hari-ibikwiye-gukorwa-mu-kunoza-ireme-ryuburezi https://web.archive.org/web/20211111084408/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 https://web.archive.org/web/20211120193109/https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/03/senate-recommends-best-practices-in-unity-and-reconciliation-initiatives/ https://web.archive.org/web/20211120193101/https://imvahonshya.co.rw/sena-yemeje-prof-lyambabaje-nkumuyobozi-mukuru-wa-kaminuza-yu-rwanda/ tawhje7mv6q3y2yt9cuxi9piyhomqr2 0 9613 138745 136890 2026-09-17T12:33:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpembyemungu Winifrida''' (yavutse 1972) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] , ubu ari mu bagize Umutwe w'Abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]] . <ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/uwari-perezida-yarafunzwe-uwari-minisitiri-w-intebe-ari-muri-kasho-ni-inde</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=131 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2020-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616234659/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=131 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:An aerial view of new look of Rwanda Parliament Building in Kimihurura, Kigali on May 16, 2019. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Inteko isingamategeko y'u Rwanda]] Mpembyemungu yahoze ari umuyobozi wa karere ka [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] . Muri 2013 inzu ye yibasiwe n’ibisasu, bituma umwana yicwa abandi babiri barakomereka. Muri 2015 abantu batandatu bakatiwe igifungo cya burundu, kubera ibi nibindi bitero bya FDLR iterwa inkunga. <ref>Jean d'Amour Mbonyinshuti, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/186860 Six jailed for life over Musanze terror attacks], ''The New Times'', March 13, 2015.</ref> Muri Mata 2016, abagizi ba nabi bateye iwe nijoro, bituma umugabo araswa yicwa n'inzego z'umutekano. <ref>Jean d'Amour Mbonyinshuti, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/198812 One dead in foiled attack on Musanze ex-mayor's home], ''The New Times'', April 9, 2016. Accessed May 5, 2020.</ref> Muri Kamena 2018, Mpembyemungu yatsinze byimazeyo uwahoze ari Depite Marie Therese Murekatete kugira ngo abone itike y'abagore yo [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|mu Rwanda Patriotic Front]] [[Akarere ka Musanze|mu karere ka Musanze]] . <ref>Daniel Sabiiti, [https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/06/rpf-primaries-current-mps-seek-reelection/ RPF Primaries: Current MPs Seek Re-election], ''KT Press'', June 9, 2018.</ref> == Ibyo yize == Mpembyemungu Winifrida ari muri politiki, kuvuga muri 2000, ubwo yarari mu gusoza icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza mu bijyanye n’iterambere (Master of development studies) muri Kaminuza nkuru yigenga ya [[Kigali]] (ULK).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/RDF-yaburijemo-igitero-cyagabwe-ku-wahoze-ayobora-Musanze</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == Mpembyemungu Winifrida yakoze imirimo itandukanye mu gihugu cyu Rwanda, harimo : * Iy’uburezi mu yari Komine Maraba, aha ubu ni mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] (1997-2000); * Umuhuzabikorwa wu ngirije wa Komisiyo y’igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge mu yari Perefegitura ya [[Butare]] (2000-2004); * Umukozi w’Umuryango wa FPR Inkotanyi muri Perefegitura ya Butare no mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]]; * Umudepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko]] (2008-2013); naho kuva muri 2013 kugeza 2017 yikoreraga ku giti cye .<ref>https://rushyashya.net/niyitegeka-ugiye-gusimbura-depite-mukayisenga-witabye-imana-ni-muntu-ki/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/musanze-abagizi-banabi-bateye-kwa-mayor-bica-umwana-we.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-02 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802111926/https://ar.umuseke.rw/musanze-abagizi-banabi-bateye-kwa-mayor-bica-umwana-we.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 6vlmcc38v6twrlwux4k12gcymyfh6fe 0 10196 138841 137072 2026-09-17T13:33:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138841 wikitext text/x-wiki === Amavu n'amavuko === UMURERWA EVELYNE<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=umurerwa+evelyne&sxsrf=ALiCzsaf7Mehum3JCtIxUh1IlxATa_FVQQ:1651326618519&ei=mj5tYs2zH8LWarjKn8AN&start=0&sa=N&ved=2ahUKEwjN6ISE97v3AhVCqxoKHTjlB9g4ChDy0wN6BAgBEDM&biw=1366&bih=657&dpr=1</ref> yavutse 1977, avukira [[Kigali|mumugi wa kigali]] ubu ni mukarere ka Nyarugenge . Ni umwe mu banyamakuru ba [[Rwanda|radio na television]], akaba yaratangiye umwuga witangaza makuru 1998 ubwo yari arangije amashuri y'isumbuye ( centre Islamique d'enseignements secondaires de [[kigali]] ).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-30 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614161444/https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Evelyne_Umurerwa.jpg|thumb|Evelyne Umurerwa umunyamakuru]] === Ibikorwa yakoze === Iyo ugiye kureba amakuru mu kinyarwanda ahari mubitecyerezo bya benshi haza izina UMURERWA EVELYNE kuko amaze kwiga yakoze kuri radio na television rwanda [[Rwanda Tribune|(RWANDA TV)]] akaba ayimazeho imwaka igera kuri 21 akora umwuga w'itangazamakuru ariho nanubu agikora. Ababyirutse mu myaka ya 2000 baribuka, aho buri wa Gatandatu mu masaha y'umugoroba buri wese yabaga yicaye imbere ya televiziyo, uwo iwabo batayifite akajya kuyivumba yanga gucikwa n'ibiganiro yakoraga, Aho yagiye akora ibiganiro nka tele Detante,<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref> tinyuka urashoboye,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-30 |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614161444/https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri |url-status=dead }}</ref> umugore mu iterambere<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref> hamwe numunyamakuru usoma amakuru mu kinyarwanda<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref>. Mu kiganiro yagiranye n'ikinyamakuru [[Igihembo cyitiriwe mutagatifu Andereya ku bidukikije|IGIHE]], yavuze ko zari inzozi zibaye impamo, kuko yari yarakuze yiyumvamo kuzaba umunyamakuru ukomeye, kuburyo rimwe na rimwe yagendaga yivugisha mu nzira. Yagize ati " Kuva kera narabikundaga cyane, nakurikiranaga kenshi Radio Rwanda, rimwe na rimwe nkajya mfata umwanya nkigana abanyamakuru bayo nka ba Amabilisi Sibomana, hari n'ubwo nagendaga nivugisha. Nabyinjiyemo nkiri muto cyane ku buyo na Kaminuza n'andi mahugurwa yose nagiye mbona, urebye nayakoze ndi mu itangazamakuru." Bitewe n'uburyo abantu bishimira ibyo akora ndetse abana b'akobwa bagatangira kumufata nk'icyitegererezo byatumwe arushaho kugira umuhate. Ati " Ni umwuga mwiza, ku buryo kuwuvamo hari igihe bigorana. Ni umwuga uguhitisha ahantu hose kandi neza, ni umwuga utuma w'iyubaha. Ni umurimo mwiza cyane iyo wawukoze mu buryo bunoze kandi bwa kinyamwuga." Yavuze ko itangazamakuru rishobora kukugeza ahantu henshi ndetse mu gihe warikoze wirinda amarangamutima udashobora kurambirwa. === Tinyuka urashoboye ikiganiro kimurutira ibindi === Nubwo yagiye akora ibiganiro byinshi by'urubyiruko bigakundwa ndetse akavuga amakuru benshi bakaryoherwa, Umurerwa we ahamya ko muri byinshi yakoze icyamurutiye byose ari icy'abagore cyitwa "Tinyuka urashoboye"yatangiye muri 2010. Ati " Ni ikiganiro bishimisha iyo mpuye n'umugore akambwira ati nakoraga akazi kampemba amafaranga buri kwezi ariko uyu munsi kubera ko ngenda nkurikira ibiganiro byawe byaramfashije ndikorera. Ubu n'uwansubiza mu kazi ngo ampembe amamiliyoni ntabwo nshobora kubikora." Muri iki kiganiro aganira n'abagore bari mu nzego zitandukanye bafite ibikorwa bikomeye bagezeho. Uretse kuba iki kiganiro yatangiye biturutse ku gitekerezo cye bwite, akunganirwa n'ubuyobozi bw'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru (RBA) akorera, gituma abenshi batinyuka kwikorera, abana b'abakobwa bakajya mu myuga yafatwaga nk'igenewe abagabo, abo baganira ahamya ko abigiraho byinshi. Ati "Hari igihe nganira n'umugore runaka nkavuga ngo ariko ubu nanjye nyuma y'aha sinamera nkawe? Nanjye bambera urugero, nubwo mba ndi mu kiganiro, bimpa ibitekerezo by'inzira nakoresha nashatse guhindura ubuzima nerekeza mu iterambere. === Akazi hamwe nu muryango === Ati "Hano akazi kacu kabanyamakuru kaba gateguye neza, uretse n'ikiganiro cya 'Tinyuka Urashoboye' nkora no gusoma amakuru. Yego baraguhamagara uhora witeguye, ariko bisaba kwiha intego. Burya iyo umuntu ari umubyeyi, agira uburyo abyitwaramo,kwita k'ubana n' uburere bwabo bukitabwaho kandi n'akazi kakagenda neza." Ibyo yabivuze afite abana batatu harimo nuwari ucyiri umwana muto cyane. Umurerwa Akomeza avuga ko ubuzima bwiza abayemo uyu munsi abukesha umwuga witangazamakuru rikomatanyije n'umugisha uturuka ku Mana. Ati "Uyu munsi mba ahantu ntakodesha, imodoka yose nshatse ndayigura, ariko nanone byose bisaba kwizigama." Inseko, uburanga n'imiterere bya Umurerwa kuri televiziyo ni nabyo uhuye nawe mu buzima busazwe uhita ubona, ndetse nta n'uwatinya kuvuga ko mu myaka isaga 21 nta kintu kinini yahindutseho. Umurerwa iyo atari mu kazi, umwanya we awuharira gukora siporo zirimo kwiruka, gym tonic, rimwe narimwe akajya koga, ariko byose ntibimubuza kwiragiza Imana yo mugenga wa byose. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} p6le5tn2hdmkl2zyueoxinf1ptfxm61 0 10228 138757 137003 2026-09-17T12:35:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138757 wikitext text/x-wiki Mbabazi Fiona ni umunyamakuru w'umunyarwanda kazi wakoze akazi k'itangazamakuru imwaka 18 yose, akora kuri RBA .<ref>https://sidw.org/fiona-mbabazi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://leoafricainstitute.org/fellows/fiona-mbabazi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522045336/https://leoafricainstitute.org/fellows/fiona-mbabazi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 5gcpe7l2sxechnsso4afmpewl2pp59z 0 10237 138856 137073 2026-09-17T13:42:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138856 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] ni kamwe mu tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]], gaherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] ashyira [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|iburasirazuba]],imirenge 15, utugali 72,imidugudu 556, ubucucike 282, duhereye ku ibarura rusange riheruka ry'abaturage ni 479624. [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] ni akarere karimo gutera imbere cyane kuko utagatandukanye n'uturere tw'imigi cyane ko kari mu birometero 15 by'[[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]].<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/</ref> [[Dosiye:Agroforestry_in_Masaka._VI_Agroforestry.jpg|thumb|Ibiti bivangwa n' imyaka ]] === Gutera ibiti === Abagize inama njyanama y'[[akarere ka Bugesera]] ndetse n'abaturage bo mu midugudu itadukanye cyane cyane biganjemo umudugudu wa [[Gasenyi|Gisenyi]] mu [[Kigali|kagali]] ka Mwendo mu Murenge wa Gashora ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka.Bateye ibiti byo mu bwoko bwa Kariyandara na Gereveliya bibarirwa mu bihumbi bitatu kuri Hegitari ebyiri.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> Ni muri gahunda ya buri mwaka Akarere kiyemeje yo gutera ibiti hagamijwe kongera ubuso buteyeho ibiti, muri uyu mwaka bakaba bariyemeje gutera ibiti kuri [[Dosiye:Banana_plantation_with_trees.jpg|thumb|biti bivangwa n' imyaka]] Hegitari zirenga 80.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> [[Dosiye:DUSAFO_planting_trees.jpg|thumb|gutera ibiti]] [[Dosiye:Tree_planting_kaduna.jpg|thumb|Tree planting ]] [[Dosiye:Gutera_Amashyamba.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti ]] ==== Abitabiriye ==== Ubwo abagize '''Inama Njyanama''' y'akarere baje kwifatanya n''''abaturage''' nkuko basanzwe bifatanya, umuyobozi w'inama Njyanama yagize ati"Twateye ibiti mu rwego rwo gukangurira abaturage kumenya ko ibiti ari ingirakamaro ku muntu wese, atari uwo bibereye mu isambu gusa, kandi ko buri wese afite inshingano zo kubibungabunga kugirango bikure" Abaturage nabo bishimiye ibyo biti baterewe mu mirima bivangwa n'imyaka.uwitwa Nyiransabimana Esther utuye mu Mudugudu wa [[Gasenyi|Gisenyi]] ati " Twishimiye ko ibi biti bitangiza imyaka, bikazajya bihabwa amatungo, bikarwanya n'isuri." Undi muturage witwa Nyirakamana Chantal yavuze ko ibyo biti bazabyitaho, bakirinda kubyangiza igihe bahinga kuko bizeye ko batazabangiriza imyaka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> [[Dosiye:Planting_trees_Campaign.jpg|thumb|gutera ibiti ]] ==== Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}== jhcdkk3c45r8ctnbg8191vplteoyiix 0 10288 138857 137074 2026-09-17T13:42:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138857 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mukabayiza Drocelle.jpg|thumb|Mukarubayiza uzwi nka Zaninka muri Musekeweya]] == Ubuzibwa bwite == [[Dosiye:Zaninka.jpg|thumb|Zaninka umukinnyi muri (Musekeweya)]] '''ZANINKA''' Amazina ye nyakuri ni '''Mukarubayiza Drocella'''. Ni umubyeyi w'imyaka 60 y'amavuko akaba afite ndetse abana 6 , abakobwa 3 n'abahungu 3 hamwe n'abuzukuru 6, umukuru muribo afite imyaka 15 y'amavuko. Uyu ni umukinnyi wo mu ikinamico "'''Musekeweya'''" ndtse nizindi nyinshi harimo iyitwa "I'''ntabwe Idasobanya'''" kuko yatangiye gukina ikinamico kuva kera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/05/13/musekeweya-ishuri-rya-bose-ridasaba-minerivari/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-03 |archive-date=2022-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130060748/https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/05/13/musekeweya-ishuri-rya-bose-ridasaba-minerivari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibindi kuri we === '''Zaninka''' Mubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi ni umuntu woroherana kdi ugerageze kubana naburi wese, ni umu[[Ubukirisitu|kristo]] w'umuvugabutumwa urimo no kwiga theologie. Zaninka akunda kurya ibiribwa gakondo.ku kinjyanye n'ibinyobwa yagize ati " Nkunda [[Amazina nyarwanda|amazi]] n'[[icyayi]]"<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-byinshi-kuri-zaninka-wo-mu-ikinamico-musekeweya-wigeze-no-gukina-akarira</ref> === Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}= 22epclgonrn3wbp4jmt8i4nxygdj1p3 0 10321 138746 136895 2026-09-17T12:33:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138746 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Esther Mujawayo.jpg|thumb|Umwanditsi Mujawayo Esther ni umwanditsi ukomoka mu Rwanda, aha hari mu kiganiro cyabereye i Duesseldorf (2007).]] '''Mujawayo Esther''' (yavutse 1958) ni w'umunyarwandakazi akaba umuganga mu miberewo n'imibanire y'abantu bizwi nka ( sociologue akaba na psychotherapiste) . Akaba yararokotse genocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994, ariko yayiburiyemo abantu benshi bo mu muryango we. <ref name="gibbons">https://books.google.com/books?id=2LZnBwAAQBAJ</ref> Ni umwanditsi w'ibitabo byinshi. Muri 1994, yashinze Ishyirahamwe ry'abapfakazi ba Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu ''[[Rwanda]]'' .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/home/featureevents/2015/esther-mujawayo-a-survivor-of-the-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi,-author-and-co-founder-of-avega.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127111033/https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/home/featureevents/2015/esther-mujawayo-a-survivor-of-the-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi,-author-and-co-founder-of-avega.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="geneva">https://archive.is/20150424192913/http://www.genevasummit.org/speaker/14/esther_mujawayo</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza muri psychologiya yakuye muri kaminuza ya East Anglia muri 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.uea.ac.uk/about/-/region-s-successes-set-to-inspire-next-generation-at-uea-graduation |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-04 |archive-date=2019-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715055938/https://www.uea.ac.uk/about/-/region-s-successes-set-to-inspire-next-generation-at-uea-graduation |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.dw.com/en/rwandan-genocide-survivor-helping-refugees-heal-we-can-grow-from-trauma/a-44658865</ref> [[File:Day-of-Remberance-e1398709682197.jpg|thumb|Day-of-Remberance (2014)]] == Ibyo yakoze == * Mujawayo Esiteri ari i Belhaddad muri Souâd na Simone hari muri 2004. Ni umwe mu barokotse genocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994 , nyuma yimyaka 10 yanditse [[igitabo]] cyitwa, La Tour d'Aigues. * Mujawayo, Esiteri ari i Belhaddad, muri Souâd hari muri 2006. yanditse igitabo La fleur de Stéphanie. Hamwe nikindi cyitwa; Rwanda entre réconcialition et déni. [[Paris]]: Flammarion.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/diaspora/article/canada-diaspora-ihombye-dr-berthe?url_reload=true&debut_forum=10</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abaganga]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] НАДя mncgut63cwmbax13lfm8q95x59ykdp1 0 10336 138626 104801 2026-09-17T12:08:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nayituriki Helene''' ni umunyarwandakazi, akaba uwihayimana wo mw'idini gaturika mu [[Rwanda]]. Umubikira [soeur] Nayituliki yashyizwe mu cyiciro cy'[[Intwari z'u Rwanda|Intwari]] kubera ibikorwa bye byiza aho yashoboye guhisha [[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] barenga ijana mugihe cya [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside ya korewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]].<ref>https://www.history.com/topics/africa/rwandan-genocide</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sr-nayituriki-helene-agiye-kujya-mu-kiruhuko-cy-izabukuru |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508215803/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sr-nayituriki-helene-agiye-kujya-mu-kiruhuko-cy-izabukuru |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akaba yaritangiye [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]] mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ikintu-mbona-uyu-munsi-kibi-ni-ukubona-ababyeyi-batita-ku-bana-babo-Soeur-Nayituriki</ref> == Ubuzima == Nayituriki Helene <ref>https://www.trendsmap.com/twitter/tweet/1506647176805498883</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sr-nayituriki-helene-agiye-kujya-mu-kiruhuko-cy-izabukuru |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508215803/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sr-nayituriki-helene-agiye-kujya-mu-kiruhuko-cy-izabukuru |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inama == Nayituriki Helene<ref>http://up.muviza.ru/getmp3?v=I1Qt2-kmMdY</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sr-nayituriki-helene-yatunze-agatoki-ababyeyi-ku-busambanyi-n-inda-zitateguwe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2020-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920113241/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sr-nayituriki-helene-yatunze-agatoki-ababyeyi-ku-busambanyi-n-inda-zitateguwe |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ikintu-mbona-uyu-munsi-kibi-ni-ukubona-ababyeyi-batita-ku-bana-babo-Soeur-Nayituriki</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} gpe59bzjddy91zf3die28jcggosfkj9 0 10339 138791 136855 2026-09-17T12:57:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138791 wikitext text/x-wiki === Ubuzima bwite === [[Dosiye:The Battle of Bosworth Field - A Scene from the Great Drama of History.jpg|thumb]] '''Nahimana Clemence''' ni umuhanzi, umwanditsi w'ikinamico musekeweya, umunyarwenya uzwi nka feruje, umukinnyi muri filime "Umuturanyi", akina yitwa Mama Aluphonsina, akaba anafite na sutidiyo itunganya filime n'ikinamico yitwa Dubule C situdiyo (Double C Studio) ari nayo yatunganyije fileme nyinshi zo mu [[Rwanda]].Nahimana ni inararibonye mu by'umuco n'ubuhanzi mu itsinda ry'urubyiruko rwa Africa n'uburayi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/111165/nahimana-clemence-wamamaye-muri-cinema-nka-feruje-yamuritse-filime-i-bwiza-amaze-imyaka-2--111165.html</ref>Nahimana afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cy'akabiri cya Kaminuza yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza yu Rwanda]] yigisha [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]]. akaba amaze imyaka 9 yandika filime.<ref>https://filmfreeway.com/FerujeComedyslashDoubleCStudio</ref> === Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}= i8n4tyn4xj4l309svnlyk70mt3ack0t 0 10345 138810 134762 2026-09-17T13:08:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138810 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:XVIII FdPdM Mukagasana & Falkner.JPG|alt=Yolande MUKAGASANA|thumb|Yolande Mukagasana ni uyu uri ibumoso]] '''Yolande Mukagasana''' (wavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1954) ni umwanditsi w[[Rwanda|'umunyarwandakazi]] <ref name="unhcr">http://www.unhcr.org/3b7255132a.html</ref> yandika mu [[Igifaransa|gifaransa]] . <ref name="uwa">http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/YMukagasanaEng.html</ref>Yabaye umuforomo na anesthetiste ukora mubitaro bya [[Kigali]] . <ref name="uwa" /> Yahungiye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]; umugabo we, abana be ndetse nabantu benshi yari azi ko bishwe. Mu [[Bubiligi]], impamyabumenyi ye ntiyigeze imenyekana bityo akora mu rugo<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/french-court-decision-was-long-overdue-activists</ref> . Nyuma yaje kurera bamwe mu bishywa be ababyeyi bishwe hamwe n’imfubyi zo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/fondation-yolande-mukagasana-yamaganye-abifashisha-internet-mu-gupfobya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511085900/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/fondation-yolande-mukagasana-yamaganye-abifashisha-internet-mu-gupfobya |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/yolande-mukagasana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514043855/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/yolande-mukagasana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukagasana-yolande-yashinze-umuryango-uzakora-ubushakashatsi-kuri-jenoside-no |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511085859/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukagasana-yolande-yashinze-umuryango-uzakora-ubushakashatsi-kuri-jenoside-no |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ibikorwa == Mukagasana yasubiye mu [[Rwanda]] ari kumwe n'umufotozi Alain Kazinierakis. bakora icyegeranyo c''yitwa Les Blessures du silence'', inkuru zabatangabuhamya kuri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/meet-mukagasana-author-inspired-her-genocide-scars</ref>. Bashinze kandi Nyamirambo, point d'appui, umuryango ugamije kwiyubaka. Hamwe nitsinda ry'amakinamico Groupov, yanditse ikinamico ''Rwanda 94''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/nyuma-yo-kubazwa-byinshi-yolanda-mukagasana-aratanga-ibisubizo.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511085902/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/nyuma-yo-kubazwa-byinshi-yolanda-mukagasana-aratanga-ibisubizo.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/author-mukagasana-fighting-genocide-personal-responsibility</ref>. Yanditse ibitabo bibiri bya ''La mort ne veut pas de moi'' (1997) na ''N'aie pas peur de savoir'' (1999). Yasohoye kandi icyegeranyo ''cy'inkuru De Bouche à oreille'' (2003). ''La mort ne veut pas de moi'' yahinduwe mucyongereza nka ''Not Time to Die'' by Zoe Norridge muri 2019. Mu 2002, yahawe igihembo cya Golden Dove for Peace Prize yahawe na Archivio Disarmo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=42642 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112111553/https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=42642 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-YDA0AH59ocC&pg=PA4</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] d6cogjia95aogpt1b6mkrrcajb5s7ta 0 10346 138609 83492 2026-09-17T12:06:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ipiphanie Nyirabaramé''' (yavutse ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1981 i [[Butare]] ) ni umukinnyi w[[Rwanda|'umunyarwanda]] kabuhariwe muri marato no kwiruka intera ndende . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200418065649/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ny/epiphanie-nyirabarame-1.html</ref> Yahagarariye u [[Rwanda]] mu mikino ibiri ya Olempike ( 2004 muri Atenayi mu [[Bugereki]], na 2008 i Beijing)<ref>https://wikibioall.com/epiphanie-nyirabarame-wiki-networth-age/</ref>. == Umwuga == Nyirabaramé yitabiriye bwa mbere mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2004 yabereye muri Atenayi mu Bugereki aho yarangije ku mwanya wa mirongo itanu na kane mu kwiruka muri marato y'abagore, akoresheje igihe cya 2:52:50. Ku rundi ruhande, mu mikino Olempike ye ya kabiri yabereye i Beijing, yarangije marato y'abagore, amasegonda arindwi gusa inyuma ya Zuzana Šaríková wo muri Silovakiya, akoresheje igihe cye cyiza cya 2:49:32<ref>https://www.howold.co/person/epiphanie-nyirabarame</ref>. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120821073356/http://www.2008.nbcolympics.com/trackandfield/resultsandschedules/rsc%3DATW099100/standings.html</ref> Nyirabaramé yatsindiye neza mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya IAAF ya 2009 yabereye i [[Berlin|Berlin mu Budage]], ubwo yarangirizaga kwiruka muri marato y'abagore, arangiza ku mwanya wa makumyabiri na gatandatu, afite umwanya wa 2:33:59. Nyirabaramé yanashyizeho amateka y'igihugu cye, yari yarakozwe na Marcianna Mukamurenzi mu myaka ya za 90. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14003&a=4708</ref> Nyirabaramé yagaragaye muri filime documentaire [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|y'Abanyamerika]], ''Umwuka wa Marathon II'', agaragaza imikorere ye muri Marato ya Roma 2012<ref>https://festivalofpoetstheater.com/wiki/%C3%89piphanie_Nyirabaram%C3%A9</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] cw58qe2fc7yv1021g8zb58z8r3cz86t 0 10371 138771 136777 2026-09-17T12:36:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138771 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwase Delphine asazwe azwi cyane nka "soleil" muri filime Nyarwanda, afite ishuri rya siporo . == Ubuzima bwite == '''Uwase Delphine''' (Ortha) ni umunyarwandakazi wamenyekanye cyane muri filime nyarwanda cyane cyane muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] y'uruhererekane nka Bamenya. Ubusanzwe Uwase asanzwe ari umukinnyi ukomeye w'umukino wa karate aho amaze imyaka 15 akina uyu mukino akaba anafite umukandara w'umukara. Afite kandi ishuri ryi gisha ibijyanye na siporo, aho ubu iryo shuri rya siporo yaryise "Kigali Elite Sports Academy" aho batangiranye na Karate, kungu fu, Taekwondo hamwe na Aerobics. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/Uwase-Delphine-uzwi-nka-Soleil-muri-filime-nyarwanda-agiye-gufungura-ishuri-rya-siporo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 6vrenfkoxrq33k8g4ks9pjb7metk73k 0 10382 138584 136412 2026-09-17T12:04:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138584 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishimwe Herniette''' Umukinnyi w’ikipe y’[[Rwanda Nziza|igihugu y’u Rwanda]] mu bagore mu mukino wa Cricket, ujya i Dubai muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu (UAE) aho yitabira irushanwa mpuzamahanga “Fairbreak Global Invitational” ryitabiriwe n’amakipe menshi agizwe n’abakinnyi b’ibihangange ku [[Isi|Isi.]] == Ubuzima bwite == '''Ishimwe Herniette''' (wavutse 1 Mutarama 2003) usanzwe ari Visi Kapiteni w’ikipe y’igihugu ya Cricket ari mu ikipe yitwa "The Barmy Army Team",<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=9661</ref> aho aba ari kumwe n’abandi bakinnyi  bakomeye ku  Isi  bari mu ikipe nkuko bikorwa mu mukino wa Cricket.<ref>http://www.rebero.co.rw/2022/04/30/henriette-ishimwe-agiye-gukinira-ikipe-yitwa-the-barmy-army-team/</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116765/cricket-umunyarwandakazi-ishimwe-herniette-agiye-gukinana-nibihangange-ku-isi-muiri-uyu-mu-116765.html</ref> === Amarushanwa yitabiriye === '''Ishimwe Herniette''' yitabirye amarushwanwa atadukanye ku [[isi]] muri 26 kamena 2019 ryabereye muri [[Nijeriya|nigeria]] i [[Abuja|Abija]] muri National Stadium, umukino ubanza bahuye nikipe y'igihugu ya [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]]. Nanone bongeye kwitabira irushanwa i [[harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]] muri Gicurasi 2019,ku mucyino 2 batsinze [[Mozambike]] 48 kuri 40, aha yabaye umukinnyi w'umukino. bakomeza batsinda undi mukino wabahuje na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzanie]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriette_Ishimwe</ref><ref>https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/henriette-ishimwe-1172634</ref> === Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}= tax7vcruikhqu8mi2ls5cd8aa1yxuu4 0 10455 138613 83304 2026-09-17T12:07:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138613 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Clémentine Dusabejambo''' (wavutse 1987) ni umukinnyi wa firime wo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/marie-clementine-dusabejambo/</ref>. == Ubuzima == Dusabejambo yavukiye i [[Kigali]] muri 1987, <ref name="Kagire">Linda M. Kagire, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/fespaco-nyirasafari-highlights FESPACO recap: Nyirasafari highlights government efforts to boost film industry], ''The New Times'', March 1, 2019.</ref> umwuga we ni ukuba enjeniyeri w'amashanyarazi n'itumanaho. <ref name="Dia">Thierno I. Dia, [http://www.africine.org/?menu=fiche&no=32417 Dusabejambo Clémentine], africine.org, May 7, 2019.</ref> == Ibigwi == Filime ngufi ya ''Dusabejambo , Lyiza'' yatsindiye igihembo cya bronze cya Tanit mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage mu 2012. <ref name="Kagire">Linda M. Kagire, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/fespaco-nyirasafari-highlights FESPACO recap: Nyirasafari highlights government efforts to boost film industry], ''The New Times'', March 1, 2019.</ref> Filime ye ngufi ''A Place for Myself'' (2016) yavuze amateka y'umukobwa ukiri muto ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] urwaye albinism, uhanganye n’ivangura n’agasuzuguro yakorewe mu ishuri ribanza. <ref name="Toronto">Moses Opobo, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/207804 Rwandan film selected for Toronto Black Film Festival], ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'', February 8, 2017.</ref> Dusabejambo yashimishijwe niyi ngingo nyuma yo kumva amakuru y’ubwicanyi bwakorewe abantu barwaye alibinism muri [[Tanzaniya]] . <ref>Stephanie Jason, [https://mg.co.za/article/2017-03-24-00-the-rise-of-rwandas-women-filmmakers The rise of Rwanda’s women filmmakers], ''[[Mail & Guardian]]'', March 24, 2017.</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Goethe Institut i [[Kigali]], <ref name="OnScooping">Moses Opobo, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208808 Dusabejambo on scooping Thomas Sankara Prize at FESPACO], ''The New Times'', March 12, 2017.</ref> kandi yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime ryabirabura rya Toronto 2017. <ref name="Toronto" /> Yabonye ibihembo bitatu, harimo igihembo cya Ousmane Sembene, mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Zanzibar (ZIFF), <ref name="OnScooping" /> kandi yegukanye igihembo cya bronze cya Tanit mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Carthage mu 2016. <ref name="Kagire" /> Yatowe kandi muri Filime Nziza mu bihembo bya [[Afurika]] bya Filime 2017, <ref name="Iribagazia">Glory Iribagazia, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-film-nominated-eight-amaa-awards Rwandan film nominated for eight AMAA awards], ''The New Times'', September 21, 2019.</ref> kandi yegukanye igihembo cya Thomas Sankara muri FESPACO 2017. <ref>Moses Opobo, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208671 Rwandan film scoops two prestigious awards at FESPACO], ''The New Times'', March 8, 2017.</ref> <ref name="OnScooping" /> ''Icyasha'' (2018) yibanze kumuhungu wimyaka 12, wifuzaga kwinjira mumakipe y'umupira w'amaguru ariko akaba atotezwa kubera effeminate. <ref>Moses Opobo, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/rwandan-movies-nominated-ziff-2018-awards Rwandan movies nominated for ZIFF 2018 awards], ''The New Times'', July 10, 2018.</ref> Yatowe muri Filime Nziza muri ZIFF 2018, <ref name="Iribagazia">Glory Iribagazia, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-film-nominated-eight-amaa-awards Rwandan film nominated for eight AMAA awards], ''The New Times'', September 21, 2019.</ref> mu cyiciro cya firime ngufi mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage, <ref>Moses Opobo, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/three-rwandan-films-competition-carthage-film-festival Three Rwandan films in competition at Carthage Film Festival], ''The New Times'', November 6, 2018.</ref> no muri Filime ngufi nziza muri [[Afurika]] muri Movie Academy Awards 2019. <ref name="Iribagazia" /> Yatsindiye igihembo cya Zébu muri Filime ngufi ya Panafrican muri Rencontres du Film Court Madagascar 2019. <ref name="Dia">Thierno I. Dia, [http://www.africine.org/?menu=fiche&no=32417 Dusabejambo Clémentine], africine.org, May 7, 2019.</ref> == Filime == ** ''Lyiza'', 2011 ** ''Behind the Word'', 2013 ** ''A Place for Myself'', 2016 ** ''Icyasha'' / ''Etiquette'', 2018 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] ksdrb2ibqbc5kvcp3ox8o2apjw6rz2u 0 10462 138683 131494 2026-09-17T12:22:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138683 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sagaing, Artist paint brushes, Myanmar.jpg|thumb]] '''Valerie Piraino''' n'umunyabugeni [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwanda]] ariko utuye muri [[Amerika]] umenyerewe cyane mu gushushanya no gutaka ibishushanyo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.valeriepiraino.com/about.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2019-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607155511/http://www.valeriepiraino.com/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Yavutse muri 1981 i [[Kigali|Kigali, mu Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lmcc.net/person/valerie-piraino/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2017-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518172751/http://lmcc.net/person/valerie-piraino/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> akurira haba mu gihugu cye ndetse no muri Amerika. Ubuhanzi bwe bugaragaza indangamuntu y’amahanga kandi bukubiyemo insanganyamatsiko nko gusobanura ibintu byinshi biranga muri rusange, kurwanya ubukoloni (cyangwa kurwanya imperialism), diaspora ny'afurika. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">https://hudsonvalleyone.com/2017/05/28/two-kingston-artists-featured-in-dubai-exhibit/</ref> <ref name=":2">https://artswestchester.org/she-deconstructing-female-identity/she_exhibition_brochure/</ref> Yahawe ibihembo birenga icumi bimwemerera imikoranire, kandi yagiye agaragara mu imurikagurisha rirenga mirongo itatu muri leta umunani za [[Amerika]] ndetse no mubindi bihugu bitatu.<ref>https://artfacts.net/artist/valerie-piraino/247415</ref> <ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Photograph of a Black child artist - DPLA - 9fff54f3947c8ec116d404dbe760c13c.gif|thumb]] Nyina wa Valerie, yari umuhanga mu kudoda mu [[Rwanda]], yahuye na se [[Amerika|w'umunyamerika]], igihe yakoraga mu bikorwa byo gutabara no kwiteza imbere. Nyuma yo kuva mu bwana bwe akiri muto yagiye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], no mu bindi bihugu bitatu byo muri [[Afurika]]<ref>https://art.state.gov/valerie-piraino/</ref>, Valerie, kimwe n'ababyeyi be, bimukiye muri Arizona. Nyuma, umuryango we wimukiye i Baltimore, MD, aho yize muri kaminuza ya Maryland Institute of Art . Igihe Valerie yigaga i Baltimore, yasubiye mu [[Rwanda]], aho benshi mu ruhande rwa nyina bari biciwe muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-05-18-0405180135-story.html</ref>. Uru rugendo rwashishikarije umurimo we nk'umuhanzi uhuza ibihugu, harimo n'umushinga we. Mu 2005, Valerie yimukiye mu mujyi wa New York, ari naho yatangiriye MFA mu ishuri ry’ubuhanzi rya kaminuza ya Columbia . Yarangije muri MFA ye mu 2009 yahise yihutira guhanga umurimo we, kuri ubu akora nk'umwarimu w'igihe gito mu ishuri rya Parsons of Design<ref>https://www.joanmitchellfoundation.org/valerie-piraino</ref>. == Ibikorwa bigaragara n'imurikagurisha == [[Dosiye:Adolph Tidemand - A Painter at his Paint Box - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb]] Ikigaragara ni uko umurimo we uzwi cyane, ni urukurikirane rw'ibishusho bigizwe namapapayi yakoze ashushanyije ibice bya polystirene, hanyuma bigahisha imiterere y'ibumba ryirabura rya epoxy, irangi, resin, ibiti, ndetse rimwe na rimwe akoresha irangi rya zahabu kugirango anogereze igishushanyo. Mu kuganira ku kamaro k’amabara, umukara na zahabu, Valerie avuga ko umukara na zahabu byibutsa ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ndetse n’ibidukikije byabereye muri [[Afurika]] kubera ubukoloni. Amabara n'imiterere nabyo byerekana uruhu rw'abaturage bava muri [[Afurika]] bakoreshejwe mu mutungo kamere wabo. <ref name=":2" /> <ref>https://gulfnews.com/culture/arts/in-a-constant-state-of-flux-1.2053611</ref> [[Dosiye:Haltern am See, Lavesum, Künstlerhof, Acrylfarbe -- 2021 -- 5730.jpg|thumb]] Amapapayi ni imbuto zatoranijwe kugirango zihagararire imyumvire yo kurwanya ubukoloni kubwimpamvu ebyiri zingenzi. Iya mbere, Amapapayi yari ifunguro rya mugitondo mugihe yari umukobwa muto akiri muri [[Afurika]]. Icya kabiri, amapapayi, akomoka muri Karayibe, bagereranya nk'ubukoloni kuko "bakurikiza inzira y'ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni ". <ref name=":1" /> Mu imurikagurisha ryarangiye muri Mutarama, 2017 ryiswe ''Dis Place'' mu Nzu Ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi bwa Diasporan , amapapayi yasaga nkaho yakomeretse, byerekana ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore bo muri [[Afurika]]. <ref>https://hyperallergic.com/260681/artists-of-the-african-diaspora-cast-off-the-legacy-of-displacement/</ref> Mu gihe amapapayi ari bimwe mu bikorwa bya Valerie bizwi cyane, yakoze ibindi bishushanyo byinshi kandi yagiye mu imurikagurisha mu gihugu hose, ndetse anagaragara mu imurikagurisha mu bindi bihugu ku isi<ref>https://socratessculpturepark.org/artist/valerie-piraino/</ref>. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imurikagurisha rya Valerie Piraino !Year !Exhibition Title !Institution/Gallery !Location |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Collective Show |Participant Inc. |New York City, NY |- |Usable Pasts |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |Fidelity |Meyerhoff Gallery, Maryland Institute College of Art |Baltimore, MD |- |The Third Party |Night Gallery |Los Angeles, CA |- | rowspan="3" |2012 |The Bearden Project |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Get it on the Record |Visceglia Gallery, Caldwell College |Caldwell, NJ |- |Fore |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- | rowspan="5" |2013 |Present Future |Artissima |Turin, Italy |- |Reconstruction |Crosstown Arts |Memphis, TN |- |Photoplay |Cindy Rucker Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Body Language |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Round 39: Looking Back, Moving Forward |Project Row Houses |Houston, TX |- | rowspan="4" |2014 |Lucky Draw |Sculpture Center |New York City, NY |- |"The House Seems All Upset" Contemporary Art Interventions on Critical Whiteness |Jade Addams Hull House Museum |Chicago, IL |- |Retreat |Valerie Carberry Gallery |Chicago, IL |- |The Bearden Project |Texas State University |San Marcos, TX |- | rowspan="4" |2015 |After Afropolitan |Weeksville Heritage Center |Brooklyn, NY |- |Africa's Out |Gladstone Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Mirror Mirror |Kate Werble Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Displace |MOCADA |Brooklyn, NY |- | rowspan="9" |2016 |SHE: Deconstructing Female Identity |ArtsWestchester |White Plains, NY |- |Collector's Club |Project Row Houses |Houston, TX |- |CAMSTL Gala |Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis |St, Louis, MO |- |Palatable |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Event Horizon |Lesley Heller Workspace |New York City, NY |- |Lucky Draw |Sculpture Center |New York City, NY |- |Everyday Redefined |Corridor Gallery |Brooklyn, NY |- |Whatever moves between us also moves the world in general |Murray Guy Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Africans in America |Goodman Gallery |Johannesburg, South Africa |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |Elective Affinities: A Library |Hunter College Art Galleries |New York City, NY |- |Downtown 83 Aljira Benefit and Auction |Aljira Center for Contemporary Art |Newark, NJ |- |A Fast, Moving Sky |The Third Line Gallery |Dubai, United Arab Emirates |- |The Socrates Annual |Socrates Sculpture Park |New York City, NY |} == Ibihembo yatsindiye == Valerie yakiriye ubusabane nibihembo mu myaka ye yose yo guhanga ibihangano. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibihembo bya Valerie Piraino / Ubusabane ! Umwaka ! Izina ryigihembo / Ubusabane |- |2004 |Jacques and Natasha Gelman Travel Award |- |2009 |Studio Museum in Harlem, Artist-in-residence |- |2011 |Rema Hort Mann Foundation Grant Nominee |- |2012 |Rema Hort Mann Foundation Grant Nominee |- |2013 |Project Row Houses, Visiting Artist |- |2014 |Joan Mitchell Foundation, Emerging Teaching Artist Fellow |- |2015 |Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, Process Space |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |Socrates Sculpture Park, Emerging Artist Fellowship |- |Offshore Residency |- |Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Award Nominee |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |Joan Mitchell Center, Artist-in-residence |- |The Wassaic Project, Editions Program |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] tp97fx38zc9ilfqjprb92cra31taxrg 0 10568 138772 136765 2026-09-17T12:36:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138772 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima == '''Gahonzire Mary''' yavukiye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]], 1962. Yakuriye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]].Mu 1987, Gahonzire amaze kurangiza [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]], yasabye kwinjira mu gipolisi muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] ayishyamo. Yabaye kandi Komiseri Mukuru mu gipolisi cy'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/87721</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == '''Gahongayire Mary''' yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w'apolisi y'[[igihugu]] mbere yuko agirwa komiseri mukuru w'ungirije b'urwego rushinzwe amagereza mu [[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mary-gahonzire-mu-bapolisi-308-basezerewe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514075008/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mary-gahonzire-mu-bapolisi-308-basezerewe |url-status=dead }}</ref> ubu yahagaritse imirimo akaba Yagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru.<ref>https://www.bwiza.com/?Gen-Rwarakabije-na-Mary-Gahonzire-ntibakiri-abayobozi-ba-RCS</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/2638 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329202447/http://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/2638 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Gen-Rwarakabije-na-Mary-Gahonzire-basimbujwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-RCS</ref><ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/gen-rwarakabije-na-com-mary-gahonzire-bavanywe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-rcs.hmtl</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umupolisi]] kr47mbdb90t7o2sv9hgf65xrvjstvjb 0 12659 138792 136899 2026-09-17T12:58:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138792 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Agacuma.jpg|thumb|agacuma]] [[Dosiye:Rwandan old Man playing Igisoro sharing drinks in traditional tool called AGACUMA.jpg|thumb|abanywera inzoga mu Gacuma]] [[Dosiye:Agacuma12.jpg|thumb|Agacuma]] == Agacuma == Agacuma ni bimwe mu bikoresho by'ifashishwaga ahambere nanubu bigikoreshwa banyweramo umutobe cyangwa inzoga yo m'ubwoko bw'ibitoki cyane cyane mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0" /> == Inkomoko yagacuma == Agacuma ni ibihingwa batera byakwera bagakuramo imbuto bakagasiga irange cyangwa se bakagataka ubundi bagatangira kukanyweramo inzoga n'umutobe.<ref name=":0">https://web.facebook.com/100148978268460/posts/igisabo-and-agacumathese-are-rwandan-gourds-used-to-store-alcohol-women-used-the/149630653320292/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> Agacuma kandi ushobora kugataka muburyo bwinshi butandukanye<ref>https://rwandamart.rw/product/agacuma-3-pieces/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 4pnv44t073kpef46af8oqw3h9ovzq86 0 12696 138793 136900 2026-09-17T12:58:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138793 wikitext text/x-wiki Stade ya Bugesera ni stade iherereye mu [[akarere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|ntara y'uburasirazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fastscore.com/stadium/bugesera-stadium |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-16 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163546/https://www.fastscore.com/stadium/bugesera-stadium |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} opy9ydqu71jjxq7ixlikvxbnxh4dzy0 0 12698 138773 136860 2026-09-17T12:36:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138773 wikitext text/x-wiki Nsabimana Gisele yatangiye kuririmba akiri [[umwana]], Urugendo rw’ubuhanzi yarutangiye mu 2017, asengera muri [[Itorero ADEPR|itorero ADEPR Gatenga]], amenyereye ku mazina ya Gisele Precious, akaba yaramenyekanye mu ndirimbo zitandukanye zirimo: "Imbaraga" yamwinjije byeruye mu muziki, "Inzira zayo", "Niwe", "Shimwa", "Urampagije", "Nashukuru", "Mbega urukundo" na "Umurasaba" .<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/umuziki/article/umuhanzikazi-gisele-precious-yahitanwe-n-urupfu-rutunguranye</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ache59v4byicxiiccjgje3kbdk6qzdr 0 12771 138774 136779 2026-09-17T12:36:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138774 wikitext text/x-wiki Niyigena Clement ni umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru, wakuriye mu Ishuri rya Ruhago rya [[APR FC]] yaherukagamo mu Kanama 2019, yageze muri [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] muri Nzeri 2020, Nyuma yo kwigaragaza muri iyi myaka ibiri ishize, [[APR FC]] yari yamugurishije icyo gihe, yongeye kumwisubiza, mbere yari avuye muri Marines FC naho yari intizanyo.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/niyigena-clement-wakiniraga-rayon-sports-yasubiye-muri-apr-fc</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rayonsports.rw/team/16 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171754/https://www.rayonsports.rw/team/16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] s6mgnvwqbtbw8wgzwnj80ih73ahr76f 0 12776 138696 136467 2026-09-17T12:23:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138696 wikitext text/x-wiki Niyonzima Ally ni umukinnyi w'umunyamwuga w’umunyarwanda ukina mu kibuga hagati wakinye muri Bumamuru FC ikina mu cyiciro cya mbere mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], yakinnye muri [[Arabiya Sawudite|Arabiya sawudite]] yitwa '''Jeddah FC''', na none yarakiniye amakipe atandukanye mu [[Rwanda]] arimo Mukura VS, [[APR FC]], [[AS Kigali]] na [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] utibajyiwe na Azam FC yo muri [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] aho yari afite imodoka ihenze, asanzwe ari umukinnyi w’ikipe y’igihugu [[Amavubi]].<ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ally-niyonzima-wakiniye-apr-fc-rayon-sports-amavubi-yabonye-ikipe-nshya</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/ally-niyonzima-joins-burundian-side-bumamuru-fc</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ally-niyonzima-ayoboye-urutonde-rw-abakinnyi-5-bagenda-mu-modoka-zihenze-muri-tanzania</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] 2w96sppq07raj4gl6u7df2h9d21j4t0 0 12777 138775 137011 2026-09-17T12:37:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Niyonzima haruna.jpg|thumb|Kapiteni Haruna Umuvandimwe wa Muhadjiri |265x265px]] Hakizimana Muhadjiri ni umukinnyi w’imyaka 26, ukina nkababigize umwuga muri ikipe '''Al Kholood''' muri [[Sawudi Arabiya]] yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma y’imyaka itatu akinira [[APR FC]] yari yaragezemo muri Nyakanga 2016 avuye muri [[AS Kigali]], nayo yari yamuguze muri Mukura Victory Sports yari amazemo imyaka ibiri.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/urukundo/inkuru-z-urukundo/article/muhadjiri-yagaragaye-ari-mu-bihe-byiza-n-umukobwa-w-uburanga-amafoto</ref> Hakizimana Muhadjiri uvukana na kapiteni w’[[Amavubi]], Haruna Niyonzima, yatowe nk’umukinnyi mwiza w’umwaka w’imikino wa 2017/18 mu [[Rwanda]], Nyuma yo kuzamurwa n’umutoza Mungo Jitiada wiyita '''Vigoureux''', kandi yakiniye ikipe ya Etincelles na Emirates Football Club yakiniraga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu kuva muri Nyakanga 2019.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/hakizimana-muhadjiri-yatangiye-neza-mu-ikipe-ye-nshya</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/biravugwa-hakizimana-muhadjiri-yasinyiye-ikipe-ya-rayon-sports</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/hakizimana-muhadjiri/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] fr7fza39x5fhc5kt62b95yhsajp2bnb 0 12810 138858 137080 2026-09-17T13:43:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138858 wikitext text/x-wiki Women Foundation Ministries cyangwa se Nobel Family Church ni itorero ryatangijwe [[Mignone Alice Kabera|Apotre Mignone]]''',''' Ubundi ababyeyi be bamwise '''[[Umunezero Alice]]''' ariko baza kumuhimba '''[[Mignone Alice Kabera|Mignone]],''' ni umugore wa [[Eric Kabera]] wamamaye muri sinema nyarwanda babyaranye abana batatu, .<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/42042/women-foundation-ministries-noble-family-church-ku-nshuro-ya-gatanu-yateguye-umunsi-wo-gushima-imana-thanksgivig-in-action-2012--42042.html</ref> == Uko byaje == Apotre Mignone Ati '''“''' Yaje mu ishusho y’umuntu iramvugisha hanyuma irambwira ngo ndashaka ko ujya kumpera abagore amaboko. Numvaga ibyo bintu bidasobanutse hanyuma ndireba ndebye ayanjye nsanga nayo ni ibice, irambwira iti ‘singira iyi nkoni (isobanura ubutware) noneho negerejeho ya maboko yanjye y’ibice mbona araje noneho ndafata, arambwira ngo genda iyi nkoni uyikoze kuri buri mugore wese ubona”.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-19 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172846/https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abagore == Apotre Mignone Imana yamutumye  guha abagore mu buryo butatu harimo mu buryo bw’umwuka (kwigisha ijambo ry’Imana), mu buryo bw’amarangamutima (komora ibikomere) no mu bifatika, Nyuma y’imyaka itandatu agize iyerekwa, dore ko yari asanzwe ibyerekeye ubujyanama, Apotre Mignone yashyizeho gahunda y’amasengesho yo ku wa gatanu ahereye ku ntebe 25 bagenda baguka kugeza babonye aho bakorera habo.<ref name=":1" /> == Urusengero == Apotre Mignone Ni we watangije umuryango witwa Women Foundation Ministries hamwe n’urusengero rwitwa "Nobel Family Church".<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] 1my3n6cpleyb58tg2in6climz0upxs2 0 12818 138714 87504 2026-09-17T12:25:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138714 wikitext text/x-wiki Umwalimu SACCO ni ikigo cy'imali cyashinzwe mu mwaka w'2006 kigamije iterambere ry'imibereho myiza y'abalimu mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://umwalimusacco.rw/?page_id=26</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} cen7gg36hrlmteiln0daygw1tx86ws9 0 12825 138758 136932 2026-09-17T12:35:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138758 wikitext text/x-wiki Habyarimana Desire ni umugabo wubatse urugo hamwe na Kiyange Adda- Darlène, bafite abana babiri Divin na Dan, akora umurimo w’ Ubushumba nkorera umurimo w’ Imana mw’ [[Itorero ADEPR|itorero rya ADEPR]] Kicukiro- Rwanda.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174028/https://www.agakiza.org/Isomere-ubuhamya-bwa-Pasteur-Desire-Habyarimana.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abayobozi b'amadini n'amatorero]] 0xduvsommle92w6ipozebw7sqlwc8sz 0 12827 138794 136901 2026-09-17T12:58:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138794 wikitext text/x-wiki Zigirinshuti Michael ni umugano w'umuvugabutumwa mu [[Itorero ADEPR|itorero rya ADEPR]], ufite umugore n'abana, usanzwe ari Pasiteri cyangwa Umushumba muri Paruwasi ya Gasave, kandi akaba yari ashinzwe ivugabutumwa muri iryo torero.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/amagambo-pst-zigirinshuti-yavuze-ku-ntambara-y-abacengezi-yatumye-ahagarikwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174006/https://igihe.com/imyemerere/article/amagambo-pst-zigirinshuti-yavuze-ku-ntambara-y-abacengezi-yatumye-ahagarikwa |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/81080/adepr-yahagaritse-pastor-zigirinshuti-michel-81080.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abayobozi b'amadini n'amatorero]] 0qudhe2aahj2irq3sxnjo0twil699fi 0 12830 138795 136863 2026-09-17T12:58:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138795 wikitext text/x-wiki Gakunzi Makuza Willy usanzwe akorera umuziki uhimbaza Imana muri [[Canada]] akaba ari mu bashinze Umuryango Heart of Worship in Action ugamije guhindura imibereho y’abaturage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyemerere/ivugabutumwa/article/ben-na-chance-gahongayire-mu-batumiwe-mu-itangizwa-ry-umuryango-heart-of |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173051/https://igihe.com/imyemerere/ivugabutumwa/article/ben-na-chance-gahongayire-mu-batumiwe-mu-itangizwa-ry-umuryango-heart-of |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] 1uoavi8os8cplry0p3hiikgdenckjqu 0 12833 138652 136607 2026-09-17T12:12:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138652 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwimana Aimee azwi nka Bishop Aime, umugore n’umwana, yatangiye gukora umuziki mu 1994 amaze kwakira Kristu nk’umwami n’umukiza we, aho yakundaga kuririmba ariko akabura aho abihera n’ubwo ngo kugeza magingo aya ataragera aho yifuza kugera, uzwi ku ndirimbo nka Muririmbire Uwiteka, Une Lettre d’Amour, Ngwino mukiza twibanire, Iminsi yose, Urwibutso, Inkovu z’urukundo, n’izindi avuga ko yibanda ku njyana zituje zirimo Slow, Country, Zouk na Salsa, n’ubwo ngo Slow ariyo imukoraho cyane.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173747/https://www.agakiza.org/Umuhanzi-Uwimana-Aime-yatangiye-gukora-indirimbo-ashingiye-ku-bice-by-igihugu.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/110016/aime-uwimana-yongereye-uburyohe-mu-ndirimbo-ye-iminsi-yose-benshi-bagaragaza-uburyo-ibubak-110016.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] ofuei6949cwnlp2f19txvn4ul20vhep 0 12834 138715 137048 2026-09-17T12:25:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138715 wikitext text/x-wiki Zaninka Kabaganza Liliane uzwi nka Kabaganza Liliane Yavutse ku itariki ya 11 Kamena 1975, avukira ahitwa Bibogobogo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’amajyepfo muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo]] (RDC), Papa we umubyara ni Umushumba mu Itorero ryitwa Healing Heart mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]] akaba yitwa '''Mukiza Leonard''' naho mama we yitwa '''Nyabaziga Odette''' bakaba barabyaranye abana 6, ni umuririmbyikazi akaba n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo zihimbaza Imana, afite ubwenegihugu bw’ubunyarwanda , uburebure bwa metero 1.51, ni umudamu yashakanye na '''Dusabemungu Ntabajyana''' Celestin mu mwaka 1999 I [[Kigali]], Liliane yamenyekanye cyane muri Chorale Rehoboth,mu ndirimbo nka "Imana ni byose, Iyo ntekereje umugabo witwa Yesu, Getsemani, Habwa ikuzo, Bakundwa n’izindi" Ubu Liliane Kabaganza amaze kwandika indirimbo 68. Indirimbo yanditse mbere ikaba yitwa i Bethelehemu iri kuri Alubumu ya mbere ya Rehoboth Ministries yitwa “Abafite inyota ni muze”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://agakiza.org/Amateka-y-umuhanzi-Liliane-Kabaganza-Zaninka.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172421/https://agakiza.org/Amateka-y-umuhanzi-Liliane-Kabaganza-Zaninka.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:A view of Congo River from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).jpg|center|thumb|Bibogobogo muri Congo aho Zaninka yavukiye|326x326px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] t9du0a5wr2we2ns6ts23pm04vcoowvc 0 12845 138730 136818 2026-09-17T12:32:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138730 wikitext text/x-wiki == Indirimbo b'aririmbye == Dorcas na Vestine ni abaririmbyi baririmba ndetse bakaramya mu ndirimbo, bakaba bafite indirimbo nyinshi bagiye bandika izindi zikandikwa nabandi bahanzi harimo<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/124215/vestine-na-dorcas-bakoze-igitaramo-cyamateka-bamurika-album-ya-mbere-niyo-bosco-aratungura-124215.html</ref> : * ISAHA * Nahawe ijambo * Arakira * Adonai * Nzakomera * Mwijuru * ARAKIZA * SIMPAGARARA * SI BAYALI * Umutaka * Papa * NZAKOMORA<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIhEAJ0NV5o</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] hp7343inid8snnmn59unmldxn12xa0c 0 12862 138684 136380 2026-09-17T12:22:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138684 wikitext text/x-wiki Tuyishime Thacien wamenyekanye nka Thacien Titus mu muziki wo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana wo mu [[Itorero ADEPR|itorero rya ADEPR]], yamamaye mu ndirimbo zitandukanye zirimo “Aho ugejeje ukora”, “Uzaza ryari Yesu”, “Uzampe iherezo ryiza”, “Mpisha mu mababa”, “Rwiyoborere”, “Haburaho gato”, “Impanuro”, “Nshyigikira” n’izindi, akaba yaratunguye umugore we Mukamana Christine amuha impano y’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Rav4 mu birori byo kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka umunani bamaze bamenyanye ndetse n’irindwi y’urushako.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyemerere/ubuhamya/article/thacien-titus-yatunguye-umugore-we-amuha-impano-y-imodoka-amafoto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921095229/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyemerere/ubuhamya/article/thacien-titus-yatunguye-umugore-we-amuha-impano-y-imodoka-amafoto |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] 59y6b976s2c7gsmfckpkv5uswl5h0r4 0 12865 138731 136819 2026-09-17T12:32:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138731 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Stade am Deich (3).jpg|thumb|Etzella Ettelbruck Ikipe Stev Kalisa akinira]] Sven Kalisa ni umunyarwanda ukina mukibuga hagati, ukinira Etzella Ettelbruck yo mu cyiciro cya mbere muri Luxamburuge ufana [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] yo mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/sven-kalisa-witeguye-gukinira-amavubi-yatangaje-ikipe-afana-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921102209/https://yegob.rw/sven-kalisa-witeguye-gukinira-amavubi-yatangaje-ikipe-afana-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/sahabo-hakim-wa-lille-n-abandi-bakinnyi-bashya-bageze-mu-mavubi-amafoto</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] reerry13ushrrdvc4ohj33kgygjykzk 0 12866 138697 136697 2026-09-17T12:23:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q107133609}}[[Dosiye:Animated-Flag-Rwanda.gif|thumb|277x277px]] '''Mutsinzi Ange''' '''Jimmy''' ni myugariro mpuzamahanga w’umunyarwanda ukinira ikipe ya CD Trofense muri Portugal iri mu cyiciro cya Kabiri, akaba yaravukiye imuhanga mu 1997 ugushyingo 15 akaba afite uburebure bwa 1,92m.<ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/ange-mutsinzi/profil/spieler/568299</ref> akaba yarakiniye ikipe ya [[APR FC]] imyaka 2 ndetse na [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] imyaka 4.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/mutsinzi-ange-yasinye-mu-ikipe-yo-muri-portugal</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/mutsinzi-ange-jimmy-kubona-visa-imusubiza-muri-portugal-byabaye-ingorabahizi</ref> == kuruhando mpuzamahanga == Mutsinzi Ange yakiniye amakipe atandukanye ku kugabane w' uburayi, ubu akinira ikipe ya Zira FK yo mu gihugu cya Azerbaijan mu cyiciro cya mbere, muri 2024 iyi kipe yitabiriye amajonjora ya UEFA Europa league ari nabwo Mutsinzi Ange Jimmy yagaragaye k'urutondo rw' abakinnyi bagombaga kwifashishwa muri iyo mikino w'ikipe y'igihugu Amavubi. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/mutsinzi-ange-jimmy-agiye-gukina-europa-league-bwa-mbere</ref> === Amakipe yakiniye === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ !Ikipe !Igihugu !Umwaka |- |AS Muhanga |Rwanda | |- |APR FC |Rwanda | |- |Rayon sports |[[Rwanda]] | |- |CD Trofense |[[Porutigali|Portugal]] | |- |FK Jerv |Norway | |- |Zira FK |[[Azeribayijani|Azerbaijan]] |2024-2027 |} * == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] 5hq3txhkg72ea00lx30lo2hw0rpvw4p 0 12869 138796 136902 2026-09-17T12:58:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138796 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sesion de entrenamiento del Mukura VS.jpg|thumb|Mukura V.S, Rwabugiribyakoreyemo amateka]] Rwabugiri Umar ni Umunyezamu wanyuze muri [[Mukura Victory Sports|Mukura VS]] nyuma yo gukinira amakipe nka Musanze FC, nyuma muri 2019 yahise ajya muri [[APR FC]] ayikinira imyaka 2, yayivuyemo ajya muri Police FC yakiniye umwaka umwe, avuga ko ibihe azahora yibuka mu rugendo rwe rwa ruhago ari igihe yakiniraga ikipe ya [[Mukura Victory Sports|Mukura VS]] kuko ahamya ko we na bagenzi be bayandikiyemo amateka n’ubu itarabasha gusubiramo.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ibihe-rwabugiri-umar-azahora-yibuka-mu-rugendo-rwe-rwa-ruhago</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] 3ens0tylv2ah2kw1znf0pdy83yz1tct 0 12879 138776 136864 2026-09-17T12:37:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Stade 24 Février 1956.jpg|thumb|Sitade]] Stade Umuganda ni stade igezweho mpuzamahanga yakira abantu ibihumb 5000, ibarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|karere ka Rubavu]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'uburengerazuba]], ikaba ikiniraho amakipe 2 ariyo [[Enticelles fc|Enticelles Fc]] na [[Marine FC Rwanda|Marine Fc]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/venues/stade-umuganda-gisenyi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921122850/https://www.worldfootball.net/venues/stade-umuganda-gisenyi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.goalzz.com/?stadium=5988</ref><ref>https://ruhago-impitagihe.com/fr/stades-principaux-de-football-au-rwanda/stade-umuganda-rubavu-gisenyi/</ref> [[Dosiye:Stadium of Rubavu.jpg|left|thumb|Umuganda stadium]] [[Dosiye:RubavuDist.png|center|thumb|Aho stade umuganda iherereye]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] [[Ikiciro:Stade]] pvgra70h18zvcp5vtnethxd71a0wry2 0 12893 138797 136866 2026-09-17T12:58:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138797 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Female Football 10.jpg|thumb|Ikipe]] Nyagatare Fc ni ikipe y' icyiciro cya kabiri cya shampiyona yumupira wamaguru ategurwa na [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]], ifite icyizere cyo kuzamuka mu cyiciro cy'ambere, iyi ikipe ibarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|karere ka Nyagatare]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/124247/Sports/nyagatare-fc-set-sights-on-topflight-football</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/amafoto-inteko-ya-ferwafa-yateranye-uwa-nyagatare-fc-women-ayirukanwamo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921150948/https://yegob.rw/amafoto-inteko-ya-ferwafa-yateranye-uwa-nyagatare-fc-women-ayirukanwamo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:NyagatareDist.png|center|thumb|Aho Nyagatare FC ibarizwa]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] fa0n6trrxkfc3oe3mdrw9zrnjzg5juo 0 12896 138666 136698 2026-09-17T12:15:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138666 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Female Football 06.jpg|thumb|umupira]] Interforce Fc ni ikipe imenyereye gukina icyiciro cy'akabiri cy'ashampiyona itegurwa na [[FERWAFA|Ferwafa]] ikaba ikunze kugarukira muri 1/2.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/rwamagana-city-fc-yatsinze-interforce-fc-iharura-inzira-yo-kuzamuka-mu-cyiciro |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921153755/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/rwamagana-city-fc-yatsinze-interforce-fc-iharura-inzira-yo-kuzamuka-mu-cyiciro |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imikino (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] bhozr8npp6a9h0wfx8z68cdi7vhbw2p 0 12901 138716 133471 2026-09-17T12:25:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138716 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Joseph Famme Collection Image (15708771333).jpg|thumb|Abakoreshaga ubuhake]] ubuhake ni amasezerano yakorwaga hagati y'umutunzi w'[[inka]] n'uwabaga ayikeneye mu [[Rwanda]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/ubuhake-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere-igice-cya-mbere/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921190356/https://panorama.rw/ubuhake-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere-igice-cya-mbere/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ufite [[inka]] yabaga akeneye.amaboko naho utayifite, uretse no kuba ashaka [[inka]], yabaga akeneye icyubahiro n'umutekano kubera kumva ko afite umuhatse, ushobora kumutabara mu makuba cyangwa mu karengane.<ref name=":0" /> ushaka [[inka]] yitwaga umugaragu naho uyimuha akitwa shebuja<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:URWURI.jpg|center|thumb|Umutunzi w' inka]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 1wa196gr8wfg6k3ucjzz2nsz1b594ld 0 12907 138759 136973 2026-09-17T12:35:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Equipe du Burkina Faso.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] United Stars Fc ni ikipe yo mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri cy’umupira w’amaguru mu [[Rwanda]], iyi kipe ibarizwa mu Kabagari ho mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Karere ka Ruhango]], United Stars FC iri mu Itsinda C rya Shampiyona y’Icyiciro cya Kabiri hamwe na Vision Fc, [[Esperance Fc|Espérance FC]], [[UR Fc|UR FC]] na [[Vision Jeunesse Nouvelle|Vision Jeunesse Nouvelle FC]] ikaba iherutse guhagarika umutoza wayo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/united-stars-y-i-ruhango-yahagaritse-umutoza-wayo-ukekwaho-ubutinganyi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921174501/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/united-stars-y-i-ruhango-yahagaritse-umutoza-wayo-ukekwaho-ubutinganyi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] tgc6b0f418g62s1fyohtrpgehpqm78c 0 12909 138849 136974 2026-09-17T13:34:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138849 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LSU football game.jpg|thumb|ikibuga]] [[Dosiye:U20-WorldCup2007-Okotie-Onka.JPG|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] Sorwathe Fc ni ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ibarizwa mu cyiciro cy'akabiri ikaba ibarizwa i Kinihira.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94040/intare-fa-sorwathe-fc-na-kirehe-ntari-mu-makipe-azakina-shampiyona-yicyiciro-cya-kabiri-20-94040.html</ref> [[Dosiye:RulindoDist.png|center|thumb|Aho ikipe ya Sorwathe ibarizwa|378x378px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 472r6069w3lge6tgnri149n356iwuqh 0 12948 138760 136935 2026-09-17T12:35:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138760 wikitext text/x-wiki Hakizimana Adolphe ni umunyezamu w’ikipe y’igihugu y’abatarengeje imyaka 23, avugako mu [[Rwanda]] bagiye muri [[Libiya]] kwerekana icyo bashoboye kuko babizi neza ko iyi mikino ari n’imwe mu nzira yo kubafungurira imiryango mu ikipe y’igihugu nkuru [[Amavubi]], umusazwe akaba ari umunyezamu w’ikipe ya [[Rayon sports fc]].<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/tugomba-kwerekana-ko-hari-icyo-dushoboye-umunyezamu-adolphe-hakizimana</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] jrs7md77kedg5fm4yj3h7vxit0wlvch 0 12958 138777 136783 2026-09-17T12:37:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138777 wikitext text/x-wiki Kirasa Alain yavutse mu mwaka 1975 ni umugabo akaba umutoza w'umupira w'amaguru wavukiye mu igihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], Arubatse afite umugore umwe n’abana bane b’abahungu bose, Kirasa avuka ku babyeyi batandukanye ku bwene gihugu, kuko mama umubyara ni umunyarwandakazi, mu gihe papa we ari umurundi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/09/bimwe-mu-bitaramenyekanye-kuri-kirasa-alain-utoza-police-wakiniye-apr-fc-interview/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-22 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922204844/https://umuseke.rw/2021/09/bimwe-mu-bitaramenyekanye-kuri-kirasa-alain-utoza-police-wakiniye-apr-fc-interview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri yize == [[Dosiye:BUJUMBURA-BURUNDI BINDOVILLE 11.jpg|thumb|Kirasa yavukiye mu Burundi|336x336px]] Kirasa Alain Amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, uyu mutoza yayigiye mu gihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]]. Mu mashuri yisumbuye yize ibijyanye n’Ubutabire (Biochimie) hanyuma ageze muri Kaminuza yiga ibijyanye no kuvura amatungo n’ibindi bijyana na byo (Agronomy Faculty), Aya mashuri yisumbuye yayize mu gihugu cy’u Burundi, ariko nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1995, ni bwo Kirasa n’umuryango we baje mu Rwanda hanyuma uyu mutoza ahita akomereza amasomo ye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]].<ref name=":0" /> == Mu mupira wamaguru == Kirasa yatangiye gukina [[umupira w’amaguru]] igihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], Atangira mu yitwaga Fantastic, azamukira mu yitwaga Rumuri FC ubu yabaye LLB yigeze kuba ikipe ya Kaminuza Nkuru y’i Burundi, Uyu mutoza yakiniye amakipe arimo Prince Louis FC y’i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] mbere y’uko aza mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1995, yahise ajya mu ikipe y’[[Intare Fc|Intare FC]] icyo gihe yabarizwaga mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] ikayoborwa na Gen. Kazura Jean Bosco, Mu 1996, ni bwo Kirasa yatangiye gukinira ikipe ya [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]]  yakinaga mu Cyiciro cya Mbere ndetse we n’ikipe ye banakora amateka yo gutsinda [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports FC]] icyo gihe, Nyuma y’umyaka ahita yerekeza mu kipe ya [[Mukura Victory Sports|Mukura V.S]] mu mwaka wa 1998-1999, nyuma yahise yerekeza muri [[APR FC]] yatozwaga na Haribakare Bodouin (Ndindi) ahatwara ibikombe, kubera ikibazo cy’amikoro cyatumye abakinnyi benshi bakerekeza mu yandi m'akipe Kirasa Alain, yahise yerekeza mu ikipe ya Les Citadins FC ([[AS Kigali|AS Kigali FC]]) ndetse bitewe n’uko yari yarasoje kwiga Kaminuza ahita ahabwa akazi mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali]] kandi akomeza no gukina, yahatwaye [[Igikombe cy’Amahoro]] ari kumwe n’umutoza Sogonya Hamiss Cyishi, ari naho yahagarikira no gukina umupira w’amaguru.<ref name=":0" /> == Mu ikipe y'igihugu == Kirasa Alain Ubwo yakinaga mu gihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]] akiri muto, yagize amahirwe yo guhamagarwa mu makipe y’abakiri bato y’igihugu cy’u [[Uburundi|Burundi]] uhereye ku kipe ya U17, U20, ariko ntagire amahirwe yo kujya mu bakinnyi 18 bakina umukino, Kirasa kandi, yavuze ko mu [[Rwanda]] naho atabonye amahirwe yo gukinira Ikipe y’Igihugu, [[Amavubi]] ariko amakipe y’abato yose yagiye amuhamagara ariko ntabone umwanya mu bakinnyi 18 ba nyuma, ahanini bitewe n’amasomo ye, Ubwo u [[Rwanda]] rwakiraga imikino ya Cecafa y’Ibihugu, hari amakipe abiri arimo: Rwanda A na Rwanda B, icyo gihe uyu mutoza yahamagawe muri Rwanda B ariko ntiyabona umwanya wo kujya ku rutonde rw’abakinnyi bakoreshejwe, Icyo gihe Rwanda B yatozwaga n’umutoza Rudasingwa Longin wanatoje [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports FC]].<ref name=":0" /> == Mu gutoza == Kirasa Alain Mu mwaka 2010, ni bwo uyu mutoza yajyaga mu ikipe ya KIST FC icyo gihe yakinaga mu Cyiciro cya Mbere yatozwaga n’umutoza Muhire Hassan, Icyo gihe Kirasa yahise atangira kungiriza Hassan ariko uwo mwaka ntabwo umutoza mukuru yawusoreje muri iyi kipe kubera ibyo atumvikanyeho n’Ubuyobozi, hanyuma Kirasa ayisigarana atyo nk’umutoza mukuru, Uwo mwaka, basoje bafite amanota meza yabemereraga kuguma mu Cyiciro cya Mbere, Umwaka wakurikiyeho, ni bwo Ubuyobozi bwa KIST bwahise bukura ikipe mu Cyiciro cya Mbere kubera ikibazo cy’amikoro, hanyuma uyu mutoza na we ahitamo kujya gukora ibindi aba ahagaritse ibyo gutoza, Nyuma y’indi myaka itatu atari mu butoza, ni bwo yaje kongera gutangira gutoza amakipe y’abana i Kinyinya afatanya n’umugabo witwa Samuel wigeze kuyobora Vitalo’o FC y’i Burundi ndetse na Gakuba Andrew, ahatoza imyaka igera kuri itatu, Nyuma y’aho, uyu mutoza yaje kujya  mu kipe ya [[Heroes Fc|Heroes FC]] ikina mu Cyiciro cya Kabiri, Icyo gihe yayoborwaga na Fidèle ukiyiyobora kugeza magingo aya, bageze mu mikino ya ¼ cy’irangiza basezererwa n’ikipe ya [[Rwamagana Fc]], nyuma yo kuva mu kipe ya [[Heroes Fc|Heroes FC]], yahise ahabwa icyizere cyo kujya kungiriza umutoza Cassa Mbungo Andre muri [[S.C. Kiyovu Sports|Kiyovu Sports]] yavuyemo yerekeza muri [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] ubu ari muri [[Police Fc]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/habimana-sosthene-na-kirasa-alain-bagizwe-abatoza-b-amavubi-y-abatarengeje-imyaka-23</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/kirasa-alain-yamaze-kugirwa-umutoza-wungirije-wa-rayon-sports</ref> == Impamyabushobozi afite == [[Dosiye:Flag of FIFA.svg|thumb|Ikirango cya FIFA]] Kirasa Alain yagiye akora amahugurwa atandukanye ari ku rwego rwa CAF na FIFA, Kugeza ubu ni umutoza uri ku rwego rwa License  C CAF yabonye mu 2015, Yagiye mu mahugurwa ya FIFA yo kongerera abakinnyi ingufu (Physical trainer) n’andi mahugurwa atandukanye yagiye akora nyuma y’aho yari amaze kujya mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Abatoza mu Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago]] 1qbl011bgyuso8t1qhwhxv8y1lsbc81 0 12961 138778 137014 2026-09-17T12:37:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138778 wikitext text/x-wiki Ndikumana Hamad witwaga Katauti yavutse 5 Ukwakira 1978 – yapfuye 15 Ugushyingo 2017, ni umukinnyi wamamaye cyane hano mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse yanakiniye ikipe y’igihugu Amavubi, akaba yarakiniye amakipe atandukanye harimo [[Rayon sports fc]] aranayitoza hamwe na [[Musanze Fc]], nandi m'akipe menshi y'iburayi, yakoze ubukwe bw’agatangaza na Oprah bwabereye muri [[Tanzaniya]], urugo rwabo ntirwarabye kuko aba bombi batandukanye bamaze kubyarana umwana umwe w’umuhungu bise Krish Ndikumana.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/146022/Latest%20News/former-amavubi-captain-hamad-ndikumana-dead</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ibya-nyuma-katauti-yavuganye-na-oprah-wamuroteye-gupfa-agatuka-nyirabukwe</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/ndikumana-hamad-katauti-na-bonaventure-gangi-bitabye-imana</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Ruhago]] 0mjho88obae9lb39enwcfjghaxmzr5h 0 12975 138782 136784 2026-09-17T12:56:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138782 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Football matches, Mullaghmore - geograph.org.uk - 4614354.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga cyumupira wamaguru Kalisa Francois yakiniyeho]] Kalisa Francois yabaye umutoza wa [[Kirehe Fc|Kirehe FC]] na [[Gasogi United]].<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/kirehe-fc-yirukanye-uwari-umutoza-wayo/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/lomami-marcel-na-kalisa-francois-ntibakiri-abatoza-ba-gasogi-united</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] sorz6umlz1yivpy9fj0cxuexivuo56q 0 12985 138783 136867 2026-09-17T12:57:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138783 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:IKIRANGO_CY'UBUKUNGU_MURI_MUHANGA_01.jpg|thumb|MURI MUHANGA ]] Nonde Mohamed aherutse kugirwa umutoza wa [[A.S muhanga|AS Muhanga]] ikomeje kwitegura Shampiyona y’Icyiciro cya Kabiri, akaba yari watsindiye guhabwa akazi nk’umwe mu batoza b’Ishuri ry’Umupira w’Amaguru ry’Ikipe ya Paris Saint-Germain rizakorera i Huye, nyuma arasezera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nonde-yasezeye-mu-batoza-ba-academie-ya-psg-mu-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923132228/https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nonde-yasezeye-mu-batoza-ba-academie-ya-psg-mu-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/paris-saint-germain-yashyizeho-abatoza-n-abayobozi-b-ishuri-ryayo-mu-rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatoza ba Ruhago]] leczi6fpj0oxpzkog9qts0tt747icdm 0 13004 138698 136424 2026-09-17T12:23:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138698 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Église Saint-Ignace-de-Loyola 002.jpg|thumb|Itorero aglicani mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Pehr G. Holmes Worcester Mayor.png|thumb|G. Holmes ]] Itorero Angilicani mu 1925 nibwo ryatangiye mu [[Rwanda]], i Gahini mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Karere ka Kayonza]], rifite Diyoseze 11 ryashinzwe n’umusirikare w’Umumisiyone ukomoka mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] witwa Geoffrey Holmes, wari uturutse i Kabare muri [[Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/impinduka-mu-izina-itorero-angilikani-ryakoreshwaga-mu-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-23 |archive-date=2022-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923230708/https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/impinduka-mu-izina-itorero-angilikani-ryakoreshwaga-mu-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] [[Ikiciro:Abayobozi b'amadini n'amatorero]] e8i0zsglyyhamf4mwohffu7obwfaidj 0 13031 138732 136820 2026-09-17T12:32:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makonikoshwa''' n'izina ritazibagirana mu muryango nyarwanda aho irizina rifite ibigwi bikomeye muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]]. Makonikoshwa ni umuhanzi nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]] watangiriye umuziki muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] mu mwaka wa 2004 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924144235/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |url-status=dead }}</ref>aza kwimukira mu [[Rwanda]] aho ya- komokaga ariko atarahakuriye. Uyu mugabo ntago yabashije kwiga amashuri y'isumbuye ngo ayarangize kubera ubuzima bubi yagiriye mugihugu cya Uganda aho ababyeyi be bitabye Imana akiri muto. == Amateka == === Urugendo rw'ubuzima === Makonikoshwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20220928085928/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki nyuma y’uko ubuzima bw’ishuri]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928085928/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |url-status=dead }}</ref> bwanze yatangiye kubaho mu bushaririye, yaje kwimukira Kampala aho yanatangiriye gukina umupira nyuma aza kuririmba. Uyu muhanzi avuga ko [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73540/makonikoshwa-yashenguwe-n-abantu-baramutse-bamubika-ko-yapfu-73540.html yagiye mu muziki]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73540/makonikoshwa-yashenguwe-n-abantu-baramutse-bamubika-ko-yapfu-73540.html</ref> aherekeje umusore w’inshuti ye wavaga mu muryango w’abakire. Uwari waherekejwe kuririmba neza byaramunaniye bituma Makonikoshwa amufasha muri studio, byaje kurangira ubuhanga yagaragaje butumye bashwana. Mu umwaka wa 2017 Gashyantare tariki ya 8 uyu muhanzi bitewe ni rwara yaramaranye igihe kinini yaramuhejeje mu gitanda hari amakuru yasakaye ko y'itabye Imana gusa ntabwo byaribyo kuko uyu mugabo ikinyamakuru cy'itwa Inyarwanda.com cyamuhamagaye kuri telefone yiwe ngendanwa arayitaba avugako ibyo bavuga ataribyo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73540/makonikoshwa-yashenguwe-n-abantu-baramutse-bamubika-ko-yapfu-73540.html</ref> uyu mugabo ya menyekanye cyane mu ndirimbo zirimo n'izi " Nkunda kuragira, Nkutekerezaho, ndetse n'izindi nyishi. <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/makonikoshwa-yanyomoje-amakuru-avuga-ko-yakennye-akabura-amafaranga-yo-gukora</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Indirimbo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] a304cs062wf576np1hkfr174ugfjoxk 0 13032 138859 137081 2026-09-17T13:43:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MC Mahoniboni''' ni izina rikomeye muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Rwacu|rwanda]] ariko kugeza ubu ritacyumvikana muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/93739/mc-mahoniboni-mu-bahanzi-bakunzwe-mu-rwanda-bazimiriye-mu-mahanga-93739.html</ref>. Uyu ni [[Umugano|umugabo]] wakoze [[Amateka ku yahoze ari Gereza ya Nyarugenge 1930|amateka]] akomeye mu [[Rwanda]] aho yakundishije abanya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]] ijyana ya "Hiphop".[[Amazina nyarwanda|amazina]] ye yitwa Bienvenue Mahoro Ruhungande yavutse mu [[Makadamiya|mwaka]] 1982 avuka mu muryango w'abakobwa babiri n'abahungu babiri. == Amateka == Uyu [[Umugabekazi|mugabo]] wamenyekanye cyane mu jyana ya "Hiphop" yatangiye gushyira hanze ibihangano bye mu mwaka 1997, mu mwaka 1999 yasohoye [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ye yise "Malariya ni indwara y'icyorezo kandi yica" iyi [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|ndirimbo]] yanakoreshejwe na [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|minisiteri]] y'[[ubuzima]] muri gahunda yo kurwanya malariya mu mwaka 2000. [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|Indirimbo]] zatumye arushaho kumenyekana mu Rwanda ni "Kubakizina,Twitabire imirimo" n'izindi nyishi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924144235/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Uyu mugabo mu mwaka 2009 yaje kwerekeza mu Buholande. == Amwe mu magambo ya muvuzweho == Umuraperi Diplomate ahamyako mugenzi we MC Mahoniboni yakoze akazi gakomeye mugukundisha aba nha [[Rwanda]] ijyana ya Hiphop bityo akaba amufata nku mu raperi mwiza ukomeye u [[Rwanda Mountain Tea|Rwanda]] rwagize mubihe bye . Diplomate avugako Mc Mahoniboni akwiye icyubahiro utabyemera ibyo ngo biramureba<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/55951/mc-mahoniboni-akwiye-icyubahiro-ku-bw-ibikorwa-yakoze-abatabyemera-birabareba-diplomate-55951.html</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Indirimbo]] 026pcdqx6h0h1hlce2wdfqaahhqdpcp 0 13039 138761 136975 2026-09-17T12:35:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''P Fla''' ni umwe mu baraperi u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] rufite bakomeye muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]] mujyana ya Hiphop<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/riderman-yasubije-p-fla-wavuze-ko-we-na-amag-the-black-atari-abaraperi/</ref>, uyu [[Umugabekazi|mugabo]] ubundi ubusanzwe yitwa Murerwa Amani Hakizimana ariko akaba akoresha izina P Fla muruhando rwa muzika. Uyu [[Umugano|mugabo]] yavutse mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] wa 1983 avukira mu mujyi wa [[Kigali City Tower|Kigali]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/p-fla-kugenda-amahanga-gereza-ibiyobyabwenge-guhinduka.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925143456/https://ar.umuseke.rw/p-fla-kugenda-amahanga-gereza-ibiyobyabwenge-guhinduka.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amateka amuranga == Murerwa Amani Hakizimana wamenyekanye cyane nka P Fla [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza yagiye ayiga ahantu heshi hatandukanye kuko iwabo bakundaga kwimuka kubera akazi ababyeyi be bakoraga. Primaire ya yitangiriye muri Ecole [[Françoise Ellong|Francaise]] I [[Butare]] banyuzamo bajya I Cyangugu ariko bagaruka I [[Butare]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/shira-amatsiko-ku-buzima-p-fla-yabayemo-i-burayi-uko-yirukanywe-akagezwa-i |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925143456/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/shira-amatsiko-ku-buzima-p-fla-yabayemo-i-burayi-uko-yirukanywe-akagezwa-i |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenocide]] yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] mu 1994 yakomereje [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza muri [[Libiya|Libya]] aho umubyeyi we Andre Bumaya yari yagizwe ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda-Urundi|Rwanda]], aha niho yayarangirije anatangira ayisumbuye. Mu 1998 P Fla yagarutse mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ahakomereza [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|a]] yisumbuye muri Group Scolaire Officiel de [[Perefegitura ya Butare|Butare]]. Nyuma yaje kwerekeza muri [[Noruveje|Norvege]], aho niho yarangirije [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] y'isumbuye mu ishami ry[[Amategeko ngenga mikorere/ Inteko/Abakandida|'amategeko]]. [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|Indirimbo]] ye yambere yayikoze agarutse mu [[Rwanda]] muri 2008 avuye muri [[Noruveje|Norvege]] aho yakoze [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] yitwa "Ntuzankinishe" yakozwe na BZB wo muri TFP. Nzamukosha Hadidja ni umubyeyi w'umuraperi P Fla aho yatunguwe no kubona [[umwana]] we PFla akora umuziki kuko ngo nago yaraziko [[umwana]] we yajya mubyo kuririmba kuko yaraziko azaba umunyabujyeni ushushanya<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/mama-wa-p-fla-yavuze-ku-mpano-z-umuhungu-wamutunguye-aba-umuraperi</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010 P Fla yakoze igitaramo cyo kumurika album ye yise "Naguhaye imbaraga" muri St Andre aho yakoreye agera muri million ya mafranga y'u [[RWANDA GREEN FUND|Rwanda]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87950/p-fla-yasubiye-mu-mateka-yivuga-imyato-anatsa-umuriro-kuri-riderman-amushinja-kwibeshyera--87950.html</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Indirimbo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] r8lxpam55z85k6l9s5kcvzb9t6wa2sk 0 13091 138798 136906 2026-09-17T12:58:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138798 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rund um Köln 2022 108.jpg|thumb|Stradalli-Bike Aid ikipe Hadi Janvier yakiniraga ]] [[Dosiye:Mont Ventoux Dénivelé Challenges 2021 - véhicule Bike Aid.jpg|thumb|Stradalli-Bike Aid]] [[Dosiye:AAmasiganwa.jpg|thumb|Igare]] '''Hadi Janvier''' w’imyaka 26 uyu musore yari  kapiteni w’ikipe y’igihugu y’u [[Rwanda]] yo gusiganwa ku magare muri [[Tour du Rwanda]] za 2014 na 2015, yari yarasezeye umukino w’[[Igare|amagare]] avuga ko akandamizwa n’abayobora ikipe y’igihugu Ferwacy na [[Team Rwanda cycling|Team Rwanda]] ariko nyuma y’umwaka yasabye imbabazi avuga ko ashaka kongera gukina, wari umaze no kugera ku rwego rwo gukina mu ikipe y’ababigize umwuga ku mugabane w’u [[Burayi]] ya Stradalli-Bike Aid yo mu [[Ubudage|Budage]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/hadi-janvier-yasabye-imbabazi-abayobozi-ba-ferwacy-yasebeje |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-27 |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927155059/https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/hadi-janvier-yasabye-imbabazi-abayobozi-ba-ferwacy-yasebeje |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/hadi-janvier-yasabye-minispoc-gutera-inkunga-triathron</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/menya-ikintu-cyababaje-hadi-janvier-mu-mukino-w-amagare</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] taboypc3cngugm3c95z8j6ssv52s038 0 13182 138784 136785 2026-09-17T12:57:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138784 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ikipe ya Les Amis Sportifs Tuyizere akinira]] Tuyizere Hashim umukinnyi mu mukino w'igare, ubarizwa mu ikipe ya [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportifs yi Rwamagana]] akaba yarabaye uwa mbere muri [[Kibugabuga Race|irushanwa rya Kibugabuga]] mu ingimbi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004053517/http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-begukanye-kibugabuga-race/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928065220/https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-begukanye-kibugabuga-race/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] 1u0tnlxz9j1aucicz2n4zjnlpqfgk9i 0 13183 138799 136868 2026-09-17T12:58:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138799 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] [[Dosiye:Tour DU rwanda 2024 supporter in front of bk Arena (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ikipe ya amagare ya les amis sportifs Mushimiyimana akinira]] Mushimiyimana Jean Bosco umukinnyi mu mukino w'igare, ubarizwa mu ikipe ya [[Les Amis Sportif|Les Amis Sportifs yi Rwamagana]] akaba yarabaye uwa kabili mu ingimbi m' i[[Kibugabuga Race|rushanwa rya Kibugabuga race]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004053517/http://www.ferwacy.rw/?manizabayo-eric-yegukanye-kibugabuga-race-ii |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-begukanye-kibugabuga-race/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928065220/https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/manizabayo-eric-na-tuyishime-jacqueline-begukanye-kibugabuga-race/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] 2ojx43n4dr2n7hjoejf16pc4yi8wxot 0 13224 138800 136869 2026-09-17T12:58:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138800 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Winner in tours du Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igare]] Rwandan Epic irushanwa mpuzamahanga ry’amagare yo mu misozi, itegurwa na Rwanda Alternative Riding Events (RAR Events) ku bufatanye n’[[Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda rya magare|Ishyirahamwe ry’Umukino w’Amagare]] mu Rwanda ([[FERWACY]]), ubu ryari rigizwe n’uduce dutanu aho ryatwawe n'umunyarwanda [[Habimana Jean Eric|HABIMANA Jean Eric]] ndetse n’umudage Karl Platt.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/amagare/article/amagare-rwandan-epic-izatangirana-n-ugushyingo-2022</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Igare]] [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa ku igare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa magare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] o2kmmw6y6zkznjp9157a0dv3a0xbv0u 0 13231 138699 134055 2026-09-17T12:23:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138699 wikitext text/x-wiki Umuhanzi '''Cyusa Ibrahim''' umuziki we wubakiye ku ndirimbo za Gakondo. == Ibyo wamenya kuri Cyusa Ibrahim == '''Cyusa Ibrahim''' yabanje kuba umwe mu baririmbyi bafashaga Cécile Kayirebwa, Cyusa avuga ko Kayirebwa yishimiye iyi ndirimbo, ndetse ahita amusaba ku mufasha mu kuririmba mu gitaramo yari agiye gukorera muri [[Kigali]] Serena Hotel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/cyusa-yasohoye-amashusho-ari-kumwe-n-umukunzi-we-mu-buriri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2022-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930114839/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/cyusa-yasohoye-amashusho-ari-kumwe-n-umukunzi-we-mu-buriri |url-status=dead }}</ref>Uyu muhanzi yavuze ko ubwo bombi bahuriraga mu gitaramo cya East African Party cyinjije Abanyarwanda mu mwaka 2021, ari urwibutso rudasaza yasigaranye. Ati “Guhura na Mama Cecile ku rubyiniro rumwe, ni indi shusho irenze. Ni ugukura.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/103721/cyusa-ibrahim-yahishuye-uko-yabaye-umuririmbyi-wa-cecile-kayirebwa-mbere-yo-kwinjira-mu-mu-103721.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116574/cyusa-ibrahim-numukunzi-we-yahimbiye-indirimbo-bahuriye-i-burayi-amafoto-116574.html</ref>Biramurenga akabura icyo arenzaho.”wa ku rubyiniro yaserukagaho mbere y’uko atangira urugendo rw’umuziki nk’umuhanzi wigenga. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] cnlve9zfm4klc8pw6f2zum2mq92z2p2 0 13331 138801 136907 2026-09-17T12:58:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138801 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Organic mountain grown tea leaf.jpg|thumb|Umwumba w'icyayi]] [[Dosiye:Lipton-mug-tea.jpg|thumb|Icyayi cya mukaru]] Icyayi cya Nyabihu ni icyayi gikorwa n'[[Nyabihu Tea Factory|uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Nyabihu]] rumaze guhabwa ibyangombwa mpuzamahanga by’ubuziranenge harimo ibishimangira isuku, ubuhinzi burambye no kurengera ibidukikije hakorwa ubuhinzi butangiza ikirere, Ubwiza bw’icyayi cya Nyabihu cyegukanye igihembo cya mbere mu marushanwa yiswe “Africa Tea Convention and Exhibition” yabereye muri [[Kenya]] muri Gicurasi 2017 ahuje ibihugu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika, kuva [[Rwanda Mountain Tea|Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd]] yatangira gucunga icyi cyayi hiyongereyeho imirima hegitari 680 z'icyayi, icyi cyayi kibarizwa mu [[akarere ka Nyabihu]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uruganda-rw-icyayi-rwa-nyabihu-rwungutse-hegitari-z-imirima-zirenga-600 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110102228/https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uruganda-rw-icyayi-rwa-nyabihu-rwungutse-hegitari-z-imirima-zirenga-600 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://taarifa.rw/nyabihu-tea-trades-at-highest-price-ever/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-10 |archive-date=2022-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110100137/https://taarifa.rw/nyabihu-tea-trades-at-highest-price-ever/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda Mountain Tea]] imk81z8437hstd79bnuh4vh2nwgrv77 0 13384 138833 137084 2026-09-17T13:32:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation''' cyangwa NFF ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta, uyu muryango watangiye muri 2008 ufasha abana n'urubyiruko.<ref name=":0">https://www.isimbi.rw/kwibuka/umuryango-ndayisaba-fabrice-foundation-wavuze-impamvu-ibikorwa-byo-kwibuka-bizanyuzwa-mu-ishuri-ryawo-ry-incuke</ref> == Uko watangiye == Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation yashizwe muri 2008 na [[Ndayisaba Fabrice]], ni umuryango washinzwe nyuma y’uko muri 2006 Ndayisaba Fabrice yahuye n’umunya-Cameroun, Samuel Eto’o Fils wakinaga ruhago akamugezaho igitekerezo cye akamufasha, ubu uyu muryango ufite ibiro muri [[IPRC Kigali|IPRC ya Kigali]].<ref name=":0" /> == Ibikorwa == Umuryango wa Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation NFF, nyuma yo gushinga inshuri ry’incuke Ecole Maternelle Foundation Ndayisaba Fabrice ubu igikorwa ngaruka mwaka cyo kwibuka abana n’ibibondo bazize Jenoside usanzwe ukora kizanyuzwa muri iri shuri kugira ngo abana bakurane umuco wo kwibuka.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/75668/Sports/ibuka-official-commends-aetoaoa-foundation</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/79778/kirehe-ndayisaba-fabrice-eto-o-yasangiye-ubunani-n-umwana-w-79778.html</ref> === Urubyiruko === Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation bavugako nk’urubyiruko tugomba gukunda igihugu cyacu kandi tukagikorera, Gahunda ni ugukomeza gufasha abana bari mu kaga no gukomeza kuba hafi abagizweho ingaruka na [[Genocide mu Rwanda|genoside]].<ref name=":0" /> Umuhango uzajya ubera mu ishuri ribanza rya Les Hirondelles de Don Bosco, hari ubutumwa buzatangwa mugihe cy'icyumweru, iki gikorwa kizagera no mu bindi bigo by’amashuri byo mu tundi turere, kikagera ku rubyiruko n'abana bose bo mu gihugu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/nff-rwanda-yatangije-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka-ibibondo-n-abana-bishwe-muri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804164753/https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/nff-rwanda-yatangije-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka-ibibondo-n-abana-bishwe-muri |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] kmprvglo8u12lfvkjc3ceg3u7r5hcm9 0 13388 138614 136614 2026-09-17T12:07:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138614 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Spark_Community_Meeting.jpg|thumb|women in network ]] Rwanda Women’s Network (RWN) washizwe mu 1997, ni Ihuriro ry'abagore mu [[Rwanda]], n'umuryango w'igihugu utegamiye kuri Leta ugamije guteza imbere no gushimangira ingamba zongerera ubushobozi abagore mu Rwanda, kandi zirambe harimo mu guteza imbere uruhare rw' abagore n'ibisubizo by'ibanze ku bibazo by'abaturage.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/imibonano-mpuzabitsina-ntabwo-ari-ibishitani-rwanda-women-s-network</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221114182000/https://umurimo.com/mot/rwanda-women-network</ref><ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/rwanda-women-s-network-receives-rwf100-million-to-build-maternity-neonatal</ref> [[Dosiye:GasaboDist.png|center|thumb|Aho Rwanda Women's network iherereye]] [[Dosiye:Rwandan_old_women_in_a_traditional_fashion.jpg|thumb|Abagore mu Rwanda ]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] ruiax198hluctyed15umr9xakkm91cr 0 13390 138802 136870 2026-09-17T12:59:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138802 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwase Clementine w’imyaka 24 wo mu Murenge wa Busasamana mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]], ni rwiyemeza mirimo watangiye guhanga udushya dutandukanye ashingiye ku masomo yize mu ishami rya Electronic Service mu mashuri yisumbuye, aho biga amasomo atandukanye arimo amashanyarazi n’ibindi bya tekinike, ugushyira amashanyarazi mu busitani ku buryo iyo umwijima uje yiyatsa, haza urumuri akizimya bidasabye ko hari umuntu ubikora, akandi gashya yahanze ni uburyo bw’intabaza igihe inzu yaba ifashwe n’inkongi y’umuriro, ikindi azi no gukora ibindi bikorwa nko gusana telefone, radio, televiziyo n’ibindi bitandukanye igihe byangiritse.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/article/inzozi-za-uwase-watangiye-guhanga-udushya-akoresheje-tekinike</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] fe6as9j5q4i517fc8rk1yh97e29ty99 0 13391 138762 137015 2026-09-17T12:35:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138762 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grand-Peoples-Study-House-Computer-Lab.jpg|thumb|IntraHealth International mu nama]] IntraHealth International imaze imwaka isaga 40 ikorera mu [[Rwanda]] mu bihugu birenga 100 yafatanije n'[[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] baho iri kugirango barebe ko abakozi b'ubuzima bahari aho bakeneye cyane, biteguye gukora akazi, bahujwe n'ikoranabuhanga bakeneye, kandi bafite umutekano wo gukora akazi kabo keza cyane, Gahunda za IntaHealth zateguwe no gusobanukirwa byimazeyo no gushimira kubijyanye n'uburenganzira bwa muntu, uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye, kongerera ubushobozi ubukungu, no guhindura abaturage.<ref>https://amarebe.com/finance-officer-intrahealth-deadline-18-11-2022/</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200706040615.html</ref><ref>https://www.intrahealth.org/programs?mdrv=www.intrahealth.org&page=5</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] q5sl8u6zx3u942jtoydpk8909nh7jd5 0 13409 138627 126404 2026-09-17T12:08:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138627 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 095 - An office with beautiful parquet - Kigali.jpg|thumb|Imwe muri office zo muri Medical supply|168x168px]] [[Dosiye:20201021 Biomedical Centre BMC (50558287113).jpg|thumb|177x177px|Biomedical centre]] [[Dosiye:Pharmacy-nl.JPG|thumb|145x145px|Imiti itangwa na Rwanda Medical supply]] Rwanda Medical Supply Limited cyangwa RMS Ltd ni isosiyete ya Leta yashyizweho na guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] ifite inshingano zo gucunga urwego rutanga ubuzima kuva hasi kugeza ku iherezo, RMS Ltd itanga imiti n'ibicuruzwa bijyanye nayo mu buzima ku mpamvu 5 : umurwayi ukwiye, ibiyobyabwenge / dose, igiciro gikwiye, inzira nziza, nigihe gikwiye.<ref>https://amarebe.com/biomedical-engineer-at-rwanda-medical-supply-ltd-deadline-29-11-2022/</ref> <ref>https://rms.rw/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima Bwabana]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima bwumuturage]] ehl4vj0pwigpyqalcv6zw6zg66pgdmg 0 13413 138803 136908 2026-09-17T12:59:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138803 wikitext text/x-wiki Ejo heza yatangijwe tariki 29 Kamena 2017 Ni gahunda ya Leta (Rwanda Future Music Organization) igamije gufasha Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga batuye mu [[Rwanda]], kwizigamira by’igihe kirekire, igashyirwa mu bikorwa n’izego z’ibanze zegerejwe abaturage.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/uturere-dutanu-twahize-utundi-muri-ejoheza-twagenewe-ibihembo</ref> Nyuma y’igihe gito umushinga utangijwe Utangaje ko ugiye gutangiza gahunda yo gushakisha impano mu rubyiruko rw’u [[Rwanda]] hagamijwe gushishikariza urubyiruko kwihangira umurimo no kwizigama binyuze mu mpano rufite, ikaba ari gahunda yuyu mushinga bwatangaje ko bazanyura mu Ntara zose z’igihugu n’Umujyi wa Kigali, Abahanzi batanu bazatoranywa bazakurikiranwa mu gihe cy’umwaka mu bikorwa byabo bya muzika bagirwa inama, kubafasha gukora ibihangano, gutegurwa mu gihe bagiye kwitabira ibitaramo n’ibindi.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/umushingaejo-heza-washyize-igorora-urubyiruko-rufite-impano-yo-kuririmba/</ref><ref>https://ejoheza.gov.rw/ltss-registration-ui/landing.xhtml#page-top</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] 4blxvcj8n7w5e8x8t57jkmxji9z1gjz 0 13414 138585 89993 2026-09-17T12:04:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138585 wikitext text/x-wiki Rise And Shine Talent Hunt Rwanda ni amarushanwa ya teguwe nu muryango witwa Rise and Shine World Inc kubufatanye na JAM Global Events kugikorwa cyo gushaka abanyempano mu ndirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana ku ishuro yaryo ya 1.<ref>https://jamglobalevents.com/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/kayonza-abitabiriye-rise-and-shine-talent-hunt-bagaragaje-ubuhanga-butangaje</ref> Abato ndetse n’ abakuru ntawuhejwe rikazazenguruka intara zose zu Rwanda aho rizahemba miliyoni 10 Frw ku muntu umwe uzaryegukana uwa kabiri abone miliyoni eshatu naho uwa gatatu akazahabwa miliyoni ebyiri. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://isage.rw/imyidagaduro/hari-uzegukana-miliyoni-10-amarushanwa-yo-gushaka-abanyempano-mu-kuririmba-indirimbo-zihimbaza-imana/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-20 |archive-date=2022-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120120624/https://isage.rw/imyidagaduro/hari-uzegukana-miliyoni-10-amarushanwa-yo-gushaka-abanyempano-mu-kuririmba-indirimbo-zihimbaza-imana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iri rushanwa harimo ibyiciro bibiri : aho hari abahanzi bazazwe bafite indirimbo basohoye ziri hanze nabandi badafite indirimbo nimwe basohoye bakaba bazahabwa ubufasha buri cyiciro hazahembwa abantu 3 bivuzeko bazahemba abantu 6 hose.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/abanyempano-mu-ndirimbo-zo-kuramya-no-guhimbaza-imana-bagiye-guhatanira-miliyoni-10frw</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115603/rise-and-shine-ministries-yerekanye-abanyempano-22-bitabiriye-irushanwa-gospel-talent-hunt-115603.html</ref><ref>https://lecanape.rw/musique-les-talents-des-chants-gospel-vont-concourir/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/30286/the-rise-and-shine-of-rwandaas-gospel-music</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amarushanwa yo kuririmba]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] piotkab2rexm64lfeoo124tw7hrzrel 0 13422 138586 109301 2026-09-17T12:04:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138586 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ADEPR Nyamata District Hospital.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro bya Nyamasheke|177x177px]] [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro]] Ibitaro bya Kibogora ni ibitaro byashingwa mu mwaka wa 1968 biri mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|karere nyamasheke]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'uburengerazuba]] Ibitaro bya Kibogora byakiriye ababyeyi 2008 bari baje kuhabyarira. Muri bo, abagera ku 1005 babyaye babazwe naho abandi 1003 babyara mu nzira zisanzwe, kandi bose babashije kubyara neza ku buryo nta wigeze apfa mu gihe cyo kubyara, uyu musaruro byaturutse ku gushyira imbaraga muri serivise z’ubabyaza, ubukangurambaga ku babyeyi, ubwitange bw’abakozi ndetse no kubaha Imana, kandi Ibitaro bya Kibogora bishingiye ku Itorero Méthodiste Libre mu [[Rwanda]] ifite intero igira iti “Dukorera Imana ikiza kandi igatanga ubugingo”, kandi Ibitaro bya Kibogora byaje mu byo ku isonga ku rwego rw’Igihugu mu kugaragaramo isuku no gutanga serivise nziza.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/Ibitaro-3-byashoje-umwaka-wa-2013-nta-mubyeyi-ubipfiriyemo-abyara</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Nyamasheke-Ubuyobozi-bw-ibitaro-bya-Kibogora-buragaya-ababikoragamo-bijanditse</ref> [[Dosiye:NyamashekeDist.png|center|thumb|Aho ibitaro bya Kibogora biherereye]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] 4gat8wn66fttwtevv8s8u36zuvd1tzs 0 13618 138615 136428 2026-09-17T12:07:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138615 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MOTO MORINI DART SX.jpg|thumb|Moto z'amashanyarazi|158x158px]] [[Dosiye:BMW CE04 Avantgarde.png|thumb|167x167px|Moto y mubwoko bwa BMW ikoresha amashanyarazi]] [[Moto]] zikoresha imbara ga z'umuriro zigezweho muri [[kigali]]. == Moto z’amashanyarazi == [[Dosiye:Elektromotorrad-Wien-01.jpg|thumb|155x155px|Moto ikoresha amashanyarazi]] Moto z’amashanyarazi ni Moto zikoresha amashanyarazi murugendo aho asimbura moteri zisazwe ukaba wazana batiri iszwe yashizemo umuriro ugahabwa iyindi ugakomeza urugendo, zirahendutse ikindi zifite ikoranabuhanga rishyashya rituma uyikoresha abasha kwizigama amafaranga menshi. zifite Iri koranabuhanga rihamambaye rituma Afurika yihuta muri gahunda ya Zero Carbon.<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/moto-z-amashanyarazi-ziri-mu-igeragezwa-mu-rwanda-zujuje-ibilometero-250-000</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-49971500</ref> == Ampersand == [[Dosiye:1200gsfr.jpg|thumb|moto|164x164px]] izi moto zigera kuri miliyoni eshanu ziri mu karere u [[rwanda]] ruherereyemo ndetse no muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Ampersand ikaba ariyo izizana kandi ifite icyicaro i [[Kigali]]. izi moto ziteranyirizwa mu Rwanda, zirakomeye, zifite isuku kandi zigenda neza.<ref name=":0" /> == Igiciro == Moto z’amashanyarazi ziri muri [[Kigali]] kubwa Ampersand iyi compani ikorera ahantu 3 ho kuzicagingira za batiri, uyishaka akaba yaza kuyitwara, batiri imwe kuyicaginga bashyiramo umuriro bishyura amafaranga 920 yu Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-49971500</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] b9c7jk6tx7ov5banl4v6c9ow4veo92a 0 13621 138785 137017 2026-09-17T12:57:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138785 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Station meteo dole.jpg|thumb|Meteo rwanda|176x176px]][[Dosiye:Purple rain on roof.jpg|thumb|Imvura iri kugwa|167x167px]] Meteo Rwanda ni Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere mu [[Rwanda]]. == Meteo Rwanda == Meteo Rwanda ni Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere mu [[Rwanda]], gicungwa hakurikijwe amategeko agenga ibigo bya leta kuko kibarizwa mu bigo bya Leta kibarizwa muri [[Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, Amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ( MoEFCC )|Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/article/mu-rwanda-abantu-40-bamaze-guhitanwa-n-ibiza-guhera-muri-mutarama</ref> == Igihe cyatangiriye == Mu Rwanda ibipimo bya by’imvura n’ubushyuhe byatangiye gufatwa ahagana mu mwaka wa 1930 gusa bwa mbere bukaba bari barashyizeho uko bazajya bapima mu mwaka wa 1906 mu Ntaray’Amajyepfo I Save.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.meteorwanda.gov.rw/index.php?id=12&L=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-14 |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214205746/https://www.meteorwanda.gov.rw/index.php?id=12&L=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imvura == [[Dosiye:Airfield wind direction indicators.png|thumb|164x164px|Bimwe mubikoreshon meteo rwanda ikoresh]] Meteo-Rwanda ivugako ibihe by'imvura byahindutse ndetse n'ibipimo birahinduka, ivugako Imvura iruta izindi ngo izaba iri hagati ya milimetero 40 na 60 mu burengerazuba ndetse n'imvura iri hagati ya milimetero 20 na 40 mu intara y'amajyauguru.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/imvura-y-umuhindo-yacitse-meteo-rwanda</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/meteo-rwanda-yateguje-imvura-nke-mu-bice-byinshi-by-igihugu-mu-mezi-2-ari-mbere</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] cm7wj3yhj4e5t0gqz1q6ziorantgbk2 0 13629 138733 136789 2026-09-17T12:32:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138733 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abafundi.jpg|thumb|Amatafari ya Rukarakara|180x180px]] [[Dosiye:Bricks Making process.jpg|thumb|kubumba ama|200x200px]] Amatafari ya rukarakara akoreshwa no mu mujyi wa [[kigali]]. == Itangiriro == [[Dosiye:Umubumbyi.jpg|thumb|Umubumbyi|182x182px]] '''Amatafari ya rukarakara''' cyangwa '''rukarakara''' ni itafari ribumbwe hakoreshejwe itaka n'amazi, rikumishwa n'izuba bityo rikaba ryakoresha ritanyuze mu ifuru y'umuriro, Rukarakara ushobora gushyiramo ibyatsi bitewe n'ubutaka cyangwa imiterere yaho rikorewe.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ikigo-gishinzwe-imyubakire-cyemeje-ikoreshwa-ry-amatafari-ya-rukarakara</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyagatare-inzu-yubakishije-amatafari-ya-rukarakara-bitarasabiwe-uruhushya-izasenywa</ref><ref name=":2">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/hasohotse-amabwiriza-avuguruye-yo-kubakisha-amatafari-ya-rukarakara</ref><ref name=":3">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amatafari-ya-rukarakara-yemerewe-kubakishwa-inzu-zo-guturamo</ref> == Aho akoreshwa == Amatafari ya rukarakara akoreshwa hose mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]], mu mijyi ndetse n'[[umujyi wa Kigali]] haba no mucyaro.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Uko yubakwa == Amatafari ya rukarakara yubakwa muburyo bwinshi nka butatu haba '''butisi''': ni ukubaka rukaraka ugaragaza ubugari mu mbavu z'urukuta, '''panderesi''' ni ukubaka rukaraka ugaragaza uburebure mu mbavu z'urukuta cyangwa '''broke'''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 8pbdriouupem5s9cr6lcicrikq4zsf8 0 13649 138786 136766 2026-09-17T12:57:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138786 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The hidden fires of the Flame Nebula.jpg|thumb|Inyenyeri|235x235px]] [[File:Starsinthesky.jpg|thumb|Starsinthesky|139x139px]] [[File:Messier 041 2MASS.jpg|thumb|Messier 041 2MASS|184x184px]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Stephan's Quintet Hubble 2009.full.jpg|thumb|Inyanyeri|130x130px]] Inyenyeri, ni ikintu kizunguruka mu kirere, gifite icyerekezo kiganamo, kigaragara ahanini nku muzenguruko cyangwa nkuruziga, kandi gifite imiterere yayo nkikintu gikomeye cyane.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/habonetse-inyenyeri-nini-igenda-isatira-isi</ref> == Amabara yi nyenyeri == Inyenyeri ntizihuje ubwiza, cyangwa urumuri rwazo kuko ruratandukanye, hagaragara zimwe ari umweru izindi zikaba ibara ry'ubururu, ibara ry'umuhondo cyangwa ibara ry'umutuku.<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/inyenyeri-isobanura-yesu.hmtl</ref> == Urumuri == Urumuri ni urukurikirane rw’udushashi duto cyane, twagereranywa nanone n’utumanyu dutanga ingufu z'urumuri.<ref>https://wol.jw.org/rw/wol/d/r127/lp-yw/102012047#h=5</ref> == Uko amabara atandukana == Inyenyeri zigira ubushyuhe bwinshi, zohereza udushashi tw’urumuri dutanga ingufu nyinshi, utwo dushashi tukaba ari tugufi, ari byo bituma tugira ibara ry’ubururu. Inyenyeri zigira ubushyuhe buke, zo zikwirakwiza udushashi tw’urumuri dufite imbaraga nke, iyo ikaba ari yo mpamvu zigira ibara ry’umutuku. Izuba, ari yo nyenyeri isi yacu izenguruka, ryo riri hagati kuko ryohereza udushashi twinshi tw’urumuri dufite ibara ry’icyatsi kivanze n’umuhondo.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/cwr9jrg9k11t</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] iaymn29jsy5jpicpitmg3wjgudc339y 0 13726 138787 136767 2026-09-17T12:57:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138787 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GisenyiBeach.jpg|thumb|Gisenyi Beach|153x153px]] [[Dosiye:Death Valley Mesquite Flats Sand Dunes 2013.jpg|thumb|Umucanga wo ku musozi|150x150px]] [[Dosiye:Tas de sable à Alabadè au Togo 02.jpg|thumb|umucanga|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Mesquite Sand Dunes in Death Valley.jpg|thumb|umucanga|172x172px]] [[Dosiye:Dune de sable au parc Culturel De l'Ahaggar crop.jpg|thumb|umucanga|168x168px]] == mucanga ni iki ? == [[Dosiye:Sand at Hathab Bunglow Beach.jpg|thumb|Umucanga w'umukorano|166x166px]] [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu shore at Gisenyi.jpg|thumb|Lake Kivu shore at Gisenyi|212x212px]] Umucanga ni utubuyenge duto, tuba tuva kukintu kigizwe n'ibibumbano by'amabuye, cyangwa se ku bice byibintu byasenyutse, bigizwe n'ibice bito cyane kurusha amabuye, ukoreshwa mu byuma, mu birahuri, mu bikoresho bisukura, no mu bikoresho by'ububumbyi. == Aho uturuka n'igiciro == Habaho imicanga itandukanye hariho umucanga w'imusozi hamwe n'umucnga wo mu mazi. umucanga w’imusozi igura amafaranga ibihumbi 10 naho uwo mu mazi ukagura ibihumbi 12.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/Kamonyi-Ubucukuzi-bw-umucanga-ni-kimwe-mu-bikorwa-byinjiriza-amafaranga-abatari</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Ntibavuga-rumwe-ku-ihagarikwa-ry-ubucukuzi-bw-umucanga</ref><ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-uwacukuraga-umucanga-muri-ruhurura-yagwiriwe-n-ibitaka-ahita-apfa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/gakenke-imidoka-itwaye-umucanga-yaciye-ikiraro-cya-kagoma/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2023-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216163733/https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/gakenke-imidoka-itwaye-umucanga-yaciye-ikiraro-cya-kagoma/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amoko yi micanga == Muri rusange habaho amoko y'imicanga itandukanye aha twavuga umucanga karemano ni umucanga uboneka mu migezi, mu nyanja cyangwa ku musozi itigeze inyura mu nganda, naho umucanga ukorwa n'abantu ( sable artificiels ) ni umucanga ukorwa nabantu, kuko uboneka aruko ukubise ibuye namaboko ukoresheje inyundo cyangwa se ukanyuza ibuye mu mashini ziriswa rikavamo ryabaye umucanga.<ref>https://construction-maison.ooreka.fr/astuce/voir/617185/les-differents-types-de-sable</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-uwacukuraga-umucanga-muri-ruhurura-yagwiriwe-n-ibitaka-ahita-apfa</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Mu-karere-ka-Rutsiro-hari-ubwato-bwikorera-Toni-75-zumucanga-buwujyanye-muri-RDC</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Rubavu-Bahangayikishijwe-n-imashini-zicukura-umucanga-zisatira-irimbi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Amazi]] 4hxk8ad3a59cohr7qbxiacoyzkqaabu 0 13747 138734 136790 2026-09-17T12:32:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138734 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Garbage Life.jpg|thumb|166x166px|Ikimoteri bamenamo imyanda]] == Balton ni Iki ? == [[Dosiye:Recycle bin for glass Petersburg 2020.jpg|thumb|INGARANI|193x193px]] Balton Rwanda yageze mu '''[[Rwanda]]''' mu mwaka 2007, ikaba ishami rya sosiyete y’Abongeleza yitwa Balton Group isanzwe ifite ubunararibonye mu gutanga serivise zitandukanye mu bice byose by’ubukungu cyane cyane mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bwihuta bwita cyane kubidukikije.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/balton-rwanda-mu-rugamba-rwo-gukwirakwiza-ingarani-zagenewe-kurinda-umwanda-wa</ref> == Intego == Ikigo Balton [[Rwanda]] gifite intego yo gukwirakwiza ingarani zagenewe gukumira umwanda ugaragara mu bwiherero abagore bashaka kujugunya impapuro z’isuku zizwi nka cotex (Sanitary pads) zishobora gukurura izindi ndwara mu gihe zidacunzwe neza.<ref name=":0" /> Ikibazo cyo kujugunya za cotex ziba zakoreshejwe ahabonetse hose gikunda kugaragara ahenshi mu bwiherero busange bwo mu [[Rwanda]], bitewe n’uko nta habugenewe ho kujugunya iyo myanda ishobora guteza izindi ndwara.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/minisitiri-mbabazi-yagereranyije-abanywa-ibiyobyabwenge-n-ingarani</ref> == Ikibazo gihari == [[Dosiye:Ibishingwe.jpg|thumb|Imyanda|177x177px]] Ikibazo cyo kujugunya za cotex ziba zakoreshejwe ahabonetse hose gikunda kugaragara ahenshi mu bwiherero busange bwo mu [[Rwanda]], bitewe n’uko nta habugenewe ho kujugunya iyo myanda ishobora guteza izindi ndwara, Izi cotex ziba zirimo amaraso ku buryo ziramutse zitajugunywe neza zishobora gutera izindi ndwara zandurira mu maraso zirimo nka virus itera [[SIDA]], Hepetite B na C ku muntu waba uzikozeho afite atikingiye cyangwa afite igisebe.<ref name=":0" /> == Mu bidukikije == [[Dosiye:Waste collection point.jpg|thumb|174x174px|Aho iyi kampani ikusanyiriza ibyanda bitabora mukubungabunga ibidukikije]] Mu gutwara iyo myanda ikigo Balton gikorana n’ikindi gisanzwe gitwara imyanda bigatwarwa mu mashashi yabugenewe afite ibara ritukura bikajyanwa gutwikwa. Balton Yatangaje ko ubu buryo bakorana isuku kandi ntibibe bigaragarira amaso y’abantu ku buryo byabahungabanya ku munuko cyangwa ngo byangirikire mu nzira.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] gvlf4g2rpr9ioxa8wdzrgk2vjtqvh7f 0 13752 138717 136791 2026-09-17T12:25:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138717 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hambrick's Christmas Tree Farm, Leyland Cypress Christmas trees and Arizona Cypress Christmas trees.jpg|thumb|Ibiti bya Sipure|325x325px]] == Sipure == [[Dosiye:Igiti 5123.jpg|thumb|igiti sipure|156x156px]] Igiti cya sipure ini giti gikunze gukoreshwa mu kubaka urugo ( couverture ) cyangwa mu kuba mu ma shyamba , ndetse igiti cya sipure ni nacyo giti gikuzwe gukoreshwa mu kubaka ikirugu ( Christimas free ).<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/opinion/article/menya-ubusobanuro-bw-umutako-w-igiti-cya-noheri-ikirugu-n-umuntu-wagishyize-mu</ref> == Kuri noheri == [[Dosiye:Weihnachtsbaum Römerberg.jpg|thumb|Ikirugu cyatangiye ari igiti cya sipure|187x187px]]Heshi ibihugu bitandukanye by’[[isi]] abantu baritegura umunsi mukuru w’ivuka rya Yesu ryitwa Noheri. Mu minsi nkiyi abantu baba bagura ibiti biranga ko habaye Noheri bagamije kubitaka mu mazu yabo , mu biro ndetse n’ahandi heshi hari abantu benshi rero hari n’ababa badafite ubushobozi buhagije bagashaka aho batema igiti cya sipure kugirango babyifashishe mu kubaka ikirugu cya [[Noheli|Noheri]].<ref name=":0" /> == Byatangiye gute == Umutako w’igiti cya Noheri ubusanzwe watangiye gukoreshwa mu mazu y’abantu hagati y’ikinyejana cya 14 kugeza 15. Akaba aribwo abakristu batangiye gukoresha kiriya giti nk’umutako ufite ubusobanuro mu gihe hizihizwa umunsi w’ivuka rya Yezu. ijoro ribanziriza [[Noheli]], umudage Martin Luther yarimo agendagenda mu ishyamba abona inyenyeri zimurikira mu mashami y’ibiti . Avuga ko icyo gihe kuri we byari byiza ndetse ko byamwibukije [[Yesu]] wasize inyenyeri zo mu ijuru akaza mu [[isi]].<ref name=":0" /> == Ibidukikije == [[Dosiye:Tree in Mississippi.jpg|thumb|166x166px|Igiti]] Igiti cya sipure ni kimwe mu biti bikoreshwa mugutunganya ubusitani, kwita ku [[Ibidukikije|bidukikije]], guhinga [[Ishyamba rya Makera|ishyamba]] ritanga umwuka mwiza, ndetse ninacyo giti cya sipure gikoreshwa mu kubaka ikirugu.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 5ps2ms9gqs917l6yhnacoxz27jvaf1y 0 13756 138763 136939 2026-09-17T12:35:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138763 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Terracettes above Kingston near Lewes - geograph.org.uk - 1822067.jpg|thumb|Amaterasi y'indinganire|163x163px]] [[Dosiye:Mountain in Rutsiro district, western Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Amaterasi|167x167px]] [[Dosiye:Terrace farming Uttarakhand.jpg|thumb|Amaterase|173x173px]] == Amaterasi == Amaterasi y’indinganire yabaye ipfundo rikomeye mu guhindura imibereho y’abatuye mu misozi miremire y’[[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]. Inyungu y’inyabutatu y’aya materasi ishingiye ku: * gufata ubutaka ntibutwarwe n’isuri, * kongera umusaruro * kandi aterwaho ubwatsi bugaburirwa amatungo byatumye inka zongera umukamo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/inyungu-yinyabutatu-mu-materasi-yindinganire/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217120727/https://panorama.rw/inyungu-yinyabutatu-mu-materasi-yindinganire/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inyungu z'amaterasi == Amaterasi y’indinganire kuyakora byasabaga ingamba zo guca amaterasi y’indinganire n’abayakora ku misozi ihanamye kugira ngo bakumire isuri yangizaga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’ibidukikije, kubera ko mu mirima y’abaturage hamanukaga isuri igatwara imyaka, ifumbire, n’ubutaka ikabijyana mu kabande.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/huye-amaterasi-yindinganire-yakumiriye-isuri-yangizaga-ibidukikije-ku-misozi-ihanamye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217122211/https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/huye-amaterasi-yindinganire-yakumiriye-isuri-yangizaga-ibidukikije-ku-misozi-ihanamye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abahinzi b’ibirayi bahinga kijyambere mu materasi y’indinganire byabafashije kongera umusaruro kuko ngo wikubye inshuro zirenga eshatu nyuma y’uko batangiye guhinga kijyambere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/02/01/gicumbi-abahinzi-bibirayi-amaterasi-yindinganire-ngo-yabafashije-kongera-umusaruro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-17 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217123715/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/02/01/gicumbi-abahinzi-bibirayi-amaterasi-yindinganire-ngo-yabafashije-kongera-umusaruro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Terraces in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Amaterasi y'indinganire|190x190px]] == Muri Gicumbi == mushinga Green Gicumbi ukorera mu karere ka Gicumbi, Mu bikorwa by’ingenzi by’uyu mushinga harimo gutunganya amateraasi y’indinganire n’abayakora, gusazura amashyamba, kubungabunga amasoko y’icyogogo cy’umugezi w’Umuvumba, gutuza abaturage mu midugudu no kubafasha gucana batobona ibidukikije cyangwa ngo bahumanye ikirere.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/barahingaga-ntibeze-uko-amaterasi-yasembuye-ubuhinzi-bugezweho-i-gicumbi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] f4vorvuluh74qfc8atjkqocqpqa40hl 0 13791 138850 136977 2026-09-17T13:34:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138850 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imiringoti.jpg|thumb|Umuringoti|167x167px]] == Intangiriro == Umuringoti ni igikorwa remezo gihuza ibintu n'ibindi, ncyangwa umuringoti ugafata amazi, cyangwa umuringoti bikavungwa mu buhinzi, aha Abaprezida ba Tanzaniya na Kenya bumvikanye umugambi wo kwubakira hamwe umuringoti uzotwara umwuka wa gaze, mu ntumbero yo kwongereza uguhanahana ibidandazwa no kugabanya ibiciro vy’amasoko ntanganguvu kuri ivyo bihugu bibiri.<ref name=":0">https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/6784551.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Kenya adm location map.svg|thumb|Ikarita ya Kenya|180x180px]] [[Dosiye:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Dr. John Magufuli, witnessing the signing and exchange of agreements, at the State House, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (5).jpg|thumb|Amasezerano |168x168px]] == kENYA NA TANZANIYA == Uwo muringoti uzubakwa ku burebure bw’ibirometero 600 hagati ya Dar es Salaam, ku murwa mukuru wa [[Tanzaniya]] na Mombasa muri [[Kenya]]. Ariko nta gihe cyashyizweho ibyo bikorwa bizatangirire gukoreraho.Mu mwaka ushize, Perezida Hassan wa Tanzaniya n’uwahoze ari prezida wa Kenya, Uhuru Kenyata barasinye amasezerano i Nairobi yari atumbereye gutanguza uwo mugambi, ariko gushika ubu ibyo bikorwa ntibyari bwatangire.<ref name=":0" /> == Amasezerano == Perezida Kenyatta yavuze ko we na Perezida Suluhu basinye ayo masezerano y’umuringoti uzotwara umwuka wa Gaze kugira ubuzima bw’abanyagihugu babo n’ubucuruzi bitere imbere. Ibyo bihugu byumvikanye kandi ko abategetsi bo mu gisata c’amagara y’abantu bagiye kuza barakorera hamwe ku bibazo vya COVID-19, cyane cyane ku kworohereza urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibintu. == Imirima y'abaturage == Abaturage bo mu Mirenge ya Busasamana, Bugeshi na Cyanzarwe mu Karere ka Rubavu babangamiwe n’amazi ava ku Kirunga cya Kalisimbi n’inkubi z’imiyaga iva mu Kibaya cya Congo bikabasenyera inzu, bikanangiza imiringoti y'imirima yabo. Babigarutseho mu Muganda Rusange usoza ukwezi k’Ugushyingo wabereye mu Karere ka Rubavu, mu Murenge wa Busasamana, Akagari ka Nyacyonga ku wa 26 Ugushyingo 2022. Imibare ya Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi(MINEMA) igaragaza ko muri uyu mwaka kuva muri Nzeri kugeza mu Ugushyingo 2022 hamaze kwangirika hegitari 230 z’imirima mu gihe inzu 53 n’ishuri rimwe byasenywe n’imvura n’umuyaga.<ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rubavu-imvura-imaze-kwangiza-hegitari-230-z-imirima-y-abaturiye-ikirunga-cya</ref> == Kubungabunga imiringoti == Mu kurwanya ibi biza, Umuganda Rusange wibanze ku gutera ibiti no kubaka ibiraro mu kurushaho kurwanya isuri iva mu Kirunga cya Kalisimbi ikangiza ibikorwa by’abaturage. Ku kibazo cy’umuyaga mwinshi uva mu Kibaya cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi, Kayisire Marie Solange, yabwiye abaturage ko nta muti babonera iki kibazo uretse kuzirika ibisenge by’inzu zabo bakazikomeza kuko umuyaga udakumirwa. Yasabye abaturage kuzirika ibisenge by’inzu no kuzihoma neza kuko bafite amahirwe yo kugira amabuye (amakoro) bubakisha umusingi ariko bakibagirwa kuzirika ibisenge no guhoma neza inzu zabo.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mu-mafoto-uko-umuganda-wakonzwe-mu-gihugu</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umurima]] jnm5l8z3npvnn6d3b3pnc2jjwmw1nsi 0 13798 138834 137089 2026-09-17T13:32:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138834 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gorillas at Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ingangi muri Parike y'ibirunga|168x168px]] [[Dosiye:Ikibumbano kwita kubinyabuzima.jpg|thumb|Ikibumbano kwita kubinyabuzima.|169x169px]] == Amoko b'ibinyabuzima == [[Dosiye:Icyaricy inyoni mugiti.jpg|thumb|Inyoni|173x173px]] Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ni uruvange rw’amoko y’ubuzima n’imikoranire yayo n’iy’ibindi bidukikije byatumye isi iba ahantu honyine ho gutura ku bantu (CDB 2000). [[Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima|Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima]] tubona none rukomoka ku mamiliyaridi y’imyaka y’ihindagurika ryakozwe n’imitere y’ibikorwa by’umwimerere, hanyuma umuntu abigira mo uruhare rwagiye rurushaho gukomera. N’ubwo u [[Rwanda]] ari agahugu gatoya, rufite urusobe rw’ibintu bihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije (écosystèmes), ibimera n’[[inyamaswa]]. Kuba ruri hagati mu rwunge rw’ibibaya bya Rift Albertine mu ishami ry’amajyaruguru rya Rift Valley yo muri Afurika ni ikintu gifite icyo kimaze.<ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/article/menya-igitera-zimwe-mu-nyamaswa-kuzimira</nowiki></ref><ref name=":1"><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95416/ihungabana-ryibidukikije-rirongera-igabanuka-ryubukungu-bwisi-yose-95416.html</nowiki></ref> [[Dosiye:Haute-Savoie Lac de Roselend 31.jpg|thumb|Akarere kibiyaga bigari|168x168px]] == Akarere == Aka karere ni kamwe mu bihugu byo mur[[Afurika|i Afurika]] bifite ibinyabuzima binyuranye kurusha ibindi bihugu. Gacumbikiye hafi 40 ku ijana by’amoko y’inyamaswa zonsa z’umugabane (amoko 402), urusobe rwaguye rw’inyoni (amoko 1.061), inyamaswa zikururuka n’iziba mu mazi zikaza no hanze (amoko 293), n’ibimera bitumburuka (amoko 5,793). ‘’Rift Albertine’’ ifashwe nk’aho ari yo ifite umutungo w'amoko y’ibinyabuzima kurusha ahandi muri Afurika. Ibonwa nk’aho ari indiri y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ifite inyamaswa zonsa zihakomoka kurusha ahandi hose muri Afurika : inyoni, ibinyugunyugu, amafi n’inyamaswa zo mu mazi ziza no ku butaka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Morten Village.JPG|thumb|Umudugudu wicyitegererezo|168x168px]] == Imiturire == Imiturire yo mu [[Rwanda]] iboneka rwagati muri ‘’Rift Albertine’’ na yo iranyuranye, uhereye ku rusobe rw’ibihumeka n’ibidahumeka bikoze ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu byo mu misozi ya [[Afurika]] mu turere tw’amajyaruguru n’utw’uburenerazuba ukagera mu mashyamba yo mu mibande, ahantu h’ibiti bitatanye n’ahantu h’ubwatsi butoshye n’umukenke mu turere tw’amajyepfo n’utw’uburasirazuba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/umudugudu-uzaba-intangarugero-ugiye-kubakwa-na-kaminuza.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-18 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218204619/https://ar.umuseke.rw/umudugudu-uzaba-intangarugero-ugiye-kubakwa-na-kaminuza.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-ugiye-kuvugurura-imiturire-mu-bice-bya-muhima-na-gatsata</ref><ref name=":4">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/imigi-izunganira-kigali-mu-gutuza-abantu-neza-yamenyekanye</ref> == Ibindi == Habaho n’indi miturire ikikije amashyuza akomoka ku birunga no ku mu manuko w’ibirutsi by’ibirunga bya kera, cyane cyane mu gice cy’amajyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba bw’igihugu. U [[Rwanda]] rufite na none ibiyaga byinshi n’ahantu hahehereye henshi bikize mu kugira amoko anyuranye y’ibinyabuzima. N’ubwo ayo moko yose y’urusobe rw’ibihumeka n’ibidahumeka bigize ireme n’umwimerere by’ahantu mu rwego rw’ibidukikije atarakorerwa neza ubushakashatsi, atunze urusobe rw’inyamaswa, [[ibimera]] n’udukoko ku bwinshi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] dh04512ams4dysnrv24fihr1ixyzd76 0 13839 138897 135672 2026-09-17T21:12:39Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amashyamba y'Abanyamerika''' ni umuryango wa [[:en:501(c)#501(c)(3)|501 (c) (3)]] udaharanira inyungu, washinzwe mu 1875, <ref>https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=5477</ref> kandi ugamije kurinda no kugarura urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bizima. Icyicaro gikuru kiri i Washington, DC {| class="infobox vcard" ! scope="row" id="8" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Abbreviation | id="10" class="infobox-data nickname" |AF |- id="12" ! scope="row" id="13" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Merged&nbsp;into | id="15" class="infobox-data" |American Forestry Congress |- id="17" ! scope="row" id="18" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Formation | id="20" class="infobox-data note" |September&nbsp;1875<span class="noprint">&#x3B;&#x20;147&nbsp;years ago</span><span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1875-09</span>)</span><ref><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="148">[https://www.greenbiz.com/video/american-forests-ceo-jad-daley-collaborative-forest-protection-efforts-and-tree-equity "American Forests CEO Jad Daley on collaborative forest protection efforts and the tree equity movement | Greenbiz"]. ''www.greenbiz.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="149"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-04</span></span>.</span></cite></ref><ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230219173620/http://www.wbiw.com/2019/08/28/hoosier-national-forest-partners-with-american-forests-for-oak-regeneration/ "Hoosier National Forest Partners with American Forests for Oak Regeneration – WBIW"]. 28 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref><ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://news.delaware.gov/2019/05/21/new-big-trees-of-delaware/ "New book offers guide to "Big Trees of Delaware""]. </cite></ref> |- id="22" ! scope="row" id="23" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Founder | id="25" class="infobox-data" |John Aston Warder |- id="28" ! scope="row" id="29" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Founded at | id="31" class="infobox-data" |Chicago |- id="34" ! scope="row" id="35" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Legal status | id="37" class="infobox-data" |501(c)(3) |- id="40" ! scope="row" id="41" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Purpose | id="43" class="infobox-data" |Forest conservation |- id="46" ! scope="row" id="47" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div id="48" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language</div> | id="50" class="infobox-data" |English |} {| class="infobox vcard" ! scope="row" id="53" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Website | id="55" class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://americanforests.org/ americanforests.org]</span> |- id="57" ! scope="row" id="58" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div id="59" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div> | id="61" class="infobox-data nickname" |American Forestry Association |} == Ibikorwa == Inshingano y’amashyamba yo muri Amerika ni "Gushiraho amashyamba meza kandi akomeye, kuva mu mijyi kugera mu butayu, atanga inyungu zingenzi ku kirere, abantu, amazi n’ibinyabuzima." <ref>{{Cite web |title=– About Us |url=http://www.americanforests.org/about_us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617015916/http://www.americanforests.org/about_us/ |archive-date=2011-06-17 |access-date=2014-06-29 |publisher=American Forests}}</ref> Ibikorwa by'amashyamba y'Abanyamerika bigizwe na gahunda enye zitandukanye: gusana amashyamba yo mu cyaro, gutema ibiti bingana muri cites, [[Igitabo]] cy’igihugu cy’ibiti bya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]], na politiki y’amashyamba. Byongeye kandi, umuryango usohora ikinyamakuru buri gihembwe. == Gutera amashyamba Ahantu nyaburanga == Hirya no hino muri Amerika ya Ruguru, hegitari miliyoni z’amashyamba kavukire yatakaye cyangwa yangijwe n’ibiza nk’umuriro, udukoko, n’indwara, ndetse n’ibikorwa by’abantu nko gucukura [[amabuye y'agaciro]], iterambere, ndetse no gukuraho ibikorwa byinshi bidashoboka. Gusana amashyamba birashobora kugarura amashyamba kavukire - nibyiza byose bitanga societe - mugihe kandi bihanga imirimo yicyatsi.\ === Kuringaniza ibiti kubaturage badakorerwa === Binyuze muri gahunda yabo y’ibiti, Amashyamba yo muri Amerika arasubiza iki kibazo ayoboye icyerekezo cya Equity Equity mumijyi yo muri Amerika. Bafatanya n'abayobozi b'imijyi n'amatsinda y'abaturage (imijyi 22 no kubara) gutegura gahunda zishingiye ku bumenyi bushingiye ku mashyamba yo mu mijyi yo gukura no kubungabunga ibiti by'ibiti mu baturanyi byaguye inyuma. Bashyigikira kandi bagatera inkunga amashyamba yo mu mijyi, bagatangiza imishinga yo gutera cyane cyane, bakangurira abaturage, kandi bakayobora ingamba z’igihugu mu kongera inkunga ya leta, leta, n’ibanze mu mishinga y’amashyamba yo mu mijyi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2013 |title=Create Tree Equity |url=https://www.americanforests.org/what-we-do/create-tree-equity/ |publisher=American Forests}}</ref> == Gutera amashyamba Ahantu nyaburanga == Amashyamba y'Abanyamerika asaba abakorerabushake babarirwa mu magana muri Amerika gushakisha, kurinda, no kwandikisha ibiti binini, no kwigisha abaturage ibyiza by'ibiti n'amashyamba akuze. Ikora muri leta zose uko ari 50, Akarere ka Columbiya kandi yakoreshejwe nk'icyitegererezo muri gahunda nyinshi za leta nini y'ibiti ndetse na mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga, ahantu nka Ositaraliya, Nouvelle-Zélande, Koreya y'Epfo na Mexico. Buri mwaka ba nyampinga barenga 750 bo muri Amerika bambikwa ikamba kandi bakandikwa mu gitabo cyacyo gisohoka buri mwaka, ''[[:en:National_Register_of_Champion_Trees|igitabo cy’igihugu cy’ibiti bya nyampinga]]'' . Mu myaka irenga 70, intego ya gahunda yagumyeho: kubungabunga no guteza imbere igihagararo cy’ikigereranyo cy’abami bazima no kwigisha abantu uruhare rukomeye ibyo biti n’amashyamba bidasanzwe bigira mu kubungabunga ibidukikije byiza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Natasha Frost |date=April 26, 2018 |title=The Quiet Glory of Chronicling America's Champion Trees |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/brian-kelley-photographer-national-champion-trees-american-forests |publisher=Atlas Obscura}}</ref> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} nubjewpbrzi1hrtmvdmer9w9o0qlbp4 0 13845 138747 136873 2026-09-17T12:33:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138747 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imbuto.jpg|thumb|Imbuto mu Rwanda.|168x168px]] [[Dosiye:ガマズミ1006 Viburnum dilatatum.JPG|thumb|imbuto|179x179px]] == Gutoranya Imbuto == [[Dosiye:Fruit Picking, Oxnard California (7618167580).jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwicyayi.|188x188px]] [[Dosiye:Sembrado de soja en argentina.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'imbuto|173x173px]] [[Ikigo cy'u Rwanda gishinzwe Imisoro n'Amahoro|Ikigo]] gitoranya imbuto zivanze, biturutse ku moko atandukanye bahuje, bakazihunika iminsi iri hagati ya 25 na 35 bitewe n’ubwoko bwa buri mbuto. Hagati aho ubutaka buba bwatunganyijwe kugira ngo izo mbuto zizahite ziterwa, kandi ubwo butaka bukagomba kuba burimo ifumbire ihagije n’uburyo bwo kuhira buhoraho. izi mbuto zihita ziterwa muri ubwo butaka hubahirijwe intera hagati ya buri rubuto n’urundi. Muri iki gihe kandi birinda guteramo imiti yica udukoko kugira ngo itangiza ifumbire cyangwa uburyo bwo kuhira. Iyi mirima kandi iba itwikirijwe n’amahema y’umweru kugira ngo imyaka itazahura n’umwuka wo hanze ukayihumanya. Hagati ya buri rubuto n’urundi haba harimo santimetero ziri hagati ya 40 na 60.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ubuhinzi-bw-imbuto-u-rwanda-rufatanyije-na-isiraheli-buzagabanya-izatumizwaga-hanze</ref> [[Dosiye:La Boqueria.JPG|thumb|Umusaruro w'Imbuto|176x176px]] == Imbuto zitabwaho == Ibifashisha imigozi kugira ngo imyaka izayuririreho ikura. Mu bwoko bw’imboga nyinshi zihahingwa harimo [[amashu]], [[Igitunguru|ibitunguru]], [[inyanya]] na [[Puwavuro]]. Ati “Dufite amoko abiri y’inyanya duhinga, hari inyanya nto zimara amezi umunani, hakaba n’izindi duhinga zikunda kwifashishwa mu gukora salade.”Ikindi gitangaje ni uko umuhinzi uhinze ibiti byeraho puwavuro ashobora gusarura ibiro bigera mu bihumbi 50 byazo. iheruka yatanzwe n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku biribwa (FAO) yagaragaje ko umusaruro ugera kuri 40% wangirikira mu murima mu gihe cy’isaruro na nyuma yaryo. Mu [[Rwanda]] ho, ubundi bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hagati ya 20% na 40% by’umusaruro wangirika bitewe no kutigengesera mu kuwusarura. Uwiringiyimana unafite inshingano zo gukurikirana uburyo imyaka yera neza muri iki kigo, avuga ko isarura riba rikenewe ibintu byinshi. Ati “Hari ibikoresho byabugenewe bikenerwa kugira ngo umusaruro utangirikira mu isarura. Ikindi imbuto n’imboga biba bikenewe guhita bikoreshwa kugira ngo bitangirikira mu bubiko.<ref name=":0" /> == Umusaruro == [[imbuto]] n’[[imboga]] ari imyaka igira amafaranga iyo wayifashe neza kuko mu mezi abiri ashize binjize miliyoni 8Frw mu isarura rimwe. Avuga ko banatangiye kwakira abahinzi bo hirya no hino mu gihugu baza kwiga uko bakora ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere. Kugira ngo umuhinzi abe afite ihema rimwe ryujuje ibisabwa, birimo umurima utunganyije n’uburyo bwo kuhira bimutwara miliyoni 5Frw kadi bikaba bishobora kumara imyaka igera kuri 20. [[Imboga]] n’[[imbuto]] biri mu byoherezwa hanze cyane, kuko mu mwaka ushize mu [[Rwanda]] hari kompanyi eshanu zohereza hanze imboga n’imbuto ugereranyije n’ebyiri zariho mu 2014.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Bank of Carmel.jpg|thumb|Banki y'ubuhinzi|162x162px]] Ikigega mpuzamahanga cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga,The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) cyateganyije miliyoni 14.8$ yo gufasha abahinzi mu Rwanda harimo n’abahinga imboga n’imbuto kunoza ubuhinzi bugamije isoko. Ni umushinga bise Kungahara Wagura Amasoko, Feed the Future Rwanda, ukazashyirwa mu bikorwa mu myaka itanu. Hari ikindi gice  kingana na miliyoni 300$ cyagenewe kuzashorwa mu mishinga mishya y’ubuhinzi bugezweho buzibanda ku [[ikawa]], [[icyayi]], imboga n’imbuto n’ibimera by’ibirungo(spices). Muri cyo kandi hari ayagenewe guteza imbere ubworozi butanga umukamo ufatika. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uyu mushinga rizagirwamo uruhare n’inzego za Leta, abikorera ku giti cyabo n’imwe mu miryango itagengwa na Leta, intego ikazaba ari ugutuma buri gice kigize imibereho y’igihugu kisanga muri iki gikorwa kigamije kunoza ubuhinzi bw’u Rwanda.Uwari uhagarariye Ikigega cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga ubwo uriya mushinga watangazwaga witwa Jonathan Kamin yavuze ko bagamije gufasha u Rwanda kugera byibura kuri 12%  by’intego rwihaye mu kuzamura ubuhinzi bwarwo. Iri zamuka rizafasha u [[Rwanda]] kuzamura ubuhinzi bwarwo ku kigero kiri hagati ya 50 na 75% by’intego rwihaye mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi.<ref name=":0" /> == Imbogamizi ku buhinzi == Mu Rwanda ubutaka buhingwa bungana na hegitari miliyoni1.4. Ubutaka bwabaruwe ko ari bwo bwuhirwa bungana na hegitari 66,840.5 nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo y’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka yasohotse hagati y’umwaka wa 2020 n’umwaka wa 2021. Ikindi ni uko 30% by’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda ari bwo bukorerwaho ubuhinzi bukoresha imashini, ubwo bita mechanized agriculture. Hagati aho hari ibindi bihugu bikorana n’u Rwanda mu guteza imbere urwego rw’ubuhinzi. [[Dosiye:Some Indian Fruits by Dr Raju Kasambe DSCN7726 (4) 01.jpg|thumb|215x215px|imbuto]] Ibyo ni Israel, u [[Ubuyapani|Buyapani]], Maroc, u Bufaransa n’ibindi. N’ubwo u Rwanda ari kimwe mu bihugu by’Afurika bifite amazi menshi kubera ibiyaga, inzuzi n’imigezi, abahinzi baracyahinga bitegereje ko imvura igwa. Ibi bituma hari benshi bateza uko bikwiye kandi henshi ibihembwe by’ihinga ntibirenga bibiri kuko hari igice impeshyi ibuza abantu guhinga. Ubuhanga mu kuhira ahantu hahanamye nabwo ntiburatangira mu Rwanda bityo igice kinini cyarwo kigahora gihanze ikirere amaso ngo azagihe imvura. Ku rundi ruhare ariko, ni ngombwa ko amazi y’imigezi n’inzuzi z’u Rwanda arindwa guhumana  kuko nk’uko raporo yitwa Annual Water Status 2016-2017 yabitangaje, hari byinshi bikiyanduza.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ubuhinzi-bw-imboga-nimbuto-bugamije-isoko-mpuzamahanga-bugiye-kongererwa-agaciro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-19 |archive-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219185715/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ubuhinzi-bw-imboga-nimbuto-bugamije-isoko-mpuzamahanga-bugiye-kongererwa-agaciro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibyo birimo amazi ava mu ngo cyangwa mu bigo runaka yanduye akoherezwa mu migezi n’inzuzi, amazi amanuka ku misozi mu gihe cy’imvura agakundukana imyanda yose akayisuka mu migezi n’inzuzi n’ibindi birimo kujugunya mu mazi imyanda itabora. Iyi raporo yakozwe n’Ikigo cy’u Rwanda gishinzwe kwita ku mashyamba n’amazi( Rwanda Water and Forestry Authority) gifatanyije n’ikindi kigo kitwa Water For Growth Rwanda.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-pgSnAV1L8</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/hakenewe-asaga-miliyoni-720-frw-kuzamura-ubuhinzi-bw-imbuto-n-imboga</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] eipah87a5dyewtjpnbbnqpin2xpn7q0 0 13849 138764 136940 2026-09-17T12:35:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Agriculture deeds.jpg|thumb|151x151px|ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere]] [[Dosiye:Umuhinzi 02.jpg|thumb|umuhinzi|148x148px]] Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI) ibinyujije mu kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kohereza mu mahanga ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi (NAEB), barimo gushaka igisubizo ku kiguzi kijyanye n’ibyo umuhinzi wa kawa akora.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/harimo-gushakwa-umuti-w-ibibazo-byugarije-umuhinzi-wa-kawa</ref> [[Dosiye:Agriculture work 1.jpg|thumb|Abahinzi.|159x159px]] == Ubushobozi == N’ubwo uyu munsi kawa ari kimwe mu bihingwa byinjiza amafaranga menshi, ariko usanga hari ikinyuranyo ku bahinzi bayo ndetse n’abayicuruza, kubera ko abayihinga babona umusaruro mucye, ugereranyije n’abandi bari mu ruhererekane rw’inyongeragaciro ya kawa. Abahinzi ba kawa bavuga ko babangamirwa n’igiciro cyayo, kubera ko kiri hasi ku buryo umuhinzi wayo adashobora kubona umusaruro uhagije kugira ngo yikure mu bukene, bigatuma nta terambere ageraho, kandi iyo urebye ku biciro mpuzamahanga ugasanga ikawa igura amafaranga menshi, ariko akagarukira ku bandi bari mu ruhererekane rwayo.<ref name=":0" /> == Uhagarariye abahinzi kwisi == Umuyobozi w’ihiriro ry’abahinzi ba kawa ku Isi, Juan Esteban Orduz, avuga ko icyo bazibandaho muri iyi nama ari ukureba uko umuhinzi wa kawa yarushaho gushyigikirwa kugira ngo atere imbere, kubera ko akenshi atajya avuganirwa mu gihe haba harimo kuganirwa ku bijyanye na kawa.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/harimo-gushakwa-umuti-w-ibibazo-byugarije-umuhinzi-wa-kawa</ref> [[Dosiye:Green coffee.jpg|thumb|Ikawa|157x157px]] == Ikawa == uyu munsi kawa ari kimwe mu bihingwa byinjiza amafaranga menshi, ariko usanga hari ikinyuranyo ku bahinzi bayo ndetse n’abayicuruza, kubera ko abayihinga babona umusaruro mucye, ugereranyije n’abandi bari mu ruhererekane rw’inyongeragaciro ya kawa. Abahinzi ba kawa bavuga ko babangamirwa n’igiciro cyayo, kubera ko kiri hasi ku buryo umuhinzi wayo adashobora kubona umusaruro uhagije kugira ngo yikure mu bukene, bigatuma nta terambere ageraho, kandi iyo urebye ku biciro mpuzamahanga ugasanga ikawa igura amafaranga menshi, ariko akagarukira ku bandi bari mu ruhererekane rwayo. Minisititri w’[[Ubuhinzi]] n’[[UBWOROZI|Ubworozi]], avuga ko n’ubwo [[Ikawa|kawa]] ari igihingwa cyinjiza amafaranga menshi ariko usanga izo nyungu zitagera ku bahinzi bayo, ku buryo hakwiye gufatwa ingamba ziborohereza, kugira ngo bashobore kuyigeza ku ruganda nabo hari icyo yabafashije. Mu [[Rwanda]] ingo zirenga ibihumbi 400 nizo zihinga kawa, ihingwa ku buso bungana na hegitari 39,844.<ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:04-09-12-Schaupflügen-Fahrenwalde-RalfR-IMG 1232.jpg|thumb|Guhingisha Imashini|180x180px]] == Guhingiza Imashini == umuhinzi w’imbuto cyane cyane ibinyoro afite imyaka 58, atuye mu murenge wa Rurenge, Akagali ka Musya umuhinzi ntangarugero, uyu musaza uvuga ko yatangiye ubuhinzi bwe abikora agamije kubona ibimutungira umuryango ubu yemeza ko uyu mwuga w’ubuhinzi akora wamaze kuba akazi ke ka buri munsi dore ko abikuramo amafaranga Atari make yamufashishije kwishyurira abana be amashuri. Bwana MUDAHERANWA avuga ko ubu buhinzi bwe kuri season bumwinjiriza amafaranga asaga miliyoni ebyiri z’amafaranga y’u [[Rwanda]], Ubusanzwe uyu musaza afite ibiti by’ibinyomoro ibihumbi 4500 bihinze i musozi kuri hegitari 5. Muri iki gihe cy’impeshyi avuga ko izuba ridashobora gukoma mu nkokora ubuhinzi bwe kuko aba yiteguye kuhira dore ko abandi bahinzi baba bamaze gusarura akemeza ko ibinyomoro bye iyo byeze mu gihe cy’impeshyi aribwo bimuha amafaranga menshi kuko umusaruro hirya no hino aba ari mucyeya. Uyu musaza kandi ni umushafamyumvire aho afasha abashaka guhinga kinyamwuga akabahugura uburyo bugezweho bwo gihinga yifashishijeakarimashuri yashize iwe mu rugo aho abaturage baturanye baza kumwigiraho.<ref>http://197.243.22.137/ngoma/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=551&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=2103e8213bf2d93a5b93f602b6145b9d</ref> [[Dosiye:GUSHARIRA URUTOKI.jpg|thumb|Urutoki rwa Kinjyambere|161x161px]] == Urutoki == Mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]], hari umuhinzi mworozi wa kijyambere uvuga ko uyu mwuga umaze kumuteza imbere ku buryo ubu ishoramari rye ribarurirwa muri Miliyoni 200 Frw. Hashize imyaka 5 Umworozi yafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika ubucuruzi bwa Alimentation yerekeza amaso mu  buhinzi bw'urutoki n'ubworozi bwa kijyambere bw'ingurube. Mu Murenge wa Rugerero aho uyu mugabo akorera ubworozi bwe, aravuga ko imbaraga zamusunikiye kureka ubucuruzi yinjira mu bworozi bw'ingurube ndetse n'ubuhinzi. Ubu bworozi akora gishabitsi nibwo soko y'iterambere ryihuse agezeho ariko by'umwihariko byose, bimushobokera kubwo gukunda ibyo akora. Ubworozi bw'ingurube bwa Twagirimana abufatanya n'ubuhinzi bw'urutoki kuri hegitari zigera kuri 3. Ni urutoki rwiza rwera ibitoki ahashobora kubonekamo igitoki kimwe nibura gishobora gupima 70kg  ku isoko kikaba cyagurishwa hagati y'ibihumbi 10 na 12.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Umuhinzi-mworozi-muri-Rubavu-aravuga-ko-ishoramari-rye-rigeze-muri-Miliyoni-200-Frw</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Urutoki]] [[Ikiciro:Ikawa]] dv9pfnnnfeympn9b1dk2gh1y345kn7l 0 13888 138748 136874 2026-09-17T12:33:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138748 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Annona squamosa fruit from Myanmar.jpg|thumb|Ibiti bitatu by'imbuto muri Kirehe.|263x263px]] [[Dosiye:Imbuto.jpg|left|thumb|imbuto zera mukarere ka Kirehe]] Ubuyobozi mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe|Karere ka Kirehe]] bugaragaza ko bukomeje gushyira imbaraga muri gahunda ya Leta y’uko buri rugo rugira ibiti nibura bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa mu rwego rwo kwihaza mu biribwa no kurwanya imirire mibi, aho hirya no hino muri aka karere iyi gahunda imaze kwitabirwa ku gipimo cya 75%.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-gahunda-yo-kugira-ibiti-bitatu-byimbuto-kuri-buri-rugo-igeze-kuri-75/</ref><ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kirehe-ishyamba-rya-ibanda-makera-rigiye-kugirwa-icyanya-cy-ubukerarugendo</ref><ref name=":2">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-gahunda-yo-kugira-ibiti-bitatu-byimbuto-kuri-buri-rugo-igeze-kuri-75/</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.kigalitoday.com/Kirehe</ref> [[Dosiye:Apple_Guava.jpg|thumb|Amapera |169x169px]] == Ibiti bitatu by'imbuto == [[Dosiye:Department of Children Head Office Ghana.jpg|thumb|Akarere ka Kirehe|153x153px]] Gahunda y’uko buri rugo rugira ibiti byibuze bitatu byera imbuto ziribwa, yatangijwe ku mugaragaro muri 2019/2020 na Minisitiri w’intebe Dr. Ngirente Edouard mu rwego rwo kongera umubare w’[[Ibiti byimeza|ibiti]] hagamijwe kandi kongera umusaruro w’[[ubuhinzi]] no kurwanya imirire mibi.Icyo gihe yasabye abayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze by’umwihariko abafite aho bahuriye n’ubuhinzi n’ubukungu gushyira imbaraga muri iyi gahunda bikajyana kandi na gahunda yo gutera [[imboga]] muri buri rugo. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-imishinga-igamije-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe</ref> == Ingemwe z’ibiti by’imbuto == Abakigorwa no kubona ingemwe z’ibiti by’imbuto ziribwa hari inama bagirwa ati: “Hari abo tugenda duha ibiti by’imbuto nka [[avoka]] n’imyembe, ariko hari n’inama tugira abaturage kuko nka avoka bashobora kuzituburira. Afashe ikibuto cya avoka yeze neza, akagishyira ahantu nyuma kirimeza, hanyuma akakibatura hahandi akagitera aho gikwiye gukurira; n’ubwo buryo buri mu bwo dushishikariza abaturage gukoresha.”<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/kirehe-imishinga-igamije-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z-imihindagurikire-y-ibihe</ref> [[Dosiye:Ikinyomoro-Treetomato.jpg|thumb|Ikinyomoro-Treetomato|151x151px]] == Abaturage == Mu Karere ka Kirehe habarurwa ingo zigera ku bihumbi 97, zituwemo n’abaturage basaga ibihumbi 415; ikigereranyo cy’ubuso buteyeho ibiti n’amashyamba ni 18%.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] 975id3va9m5gy41u5zx7d6hlm2x3rxe 0 13937 138718 137051 2026-09-17T12:25:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138718 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:990921중앙119구조본부 대만 921 대지진 출동13.jpg|thumb|Umutingito|140x140px]] [[Dosiye:Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg|thumb|imitingito|138x138px]] == Intangiriro == Imitingito ikomeje kumvikana kuri uyu wa kabiri mu mujyi wa Gisenyi nk'uko abahatuye babivuga. Abantu benshi basohotse birinda kuba bari mu nzu babamo, amashuri nayo yabaye abujije abana kuza kwiga. Iyi mitingito iri kuba nyuma y'iruka ry'ikirunga cya Nyiragongo, nubwo iri ku gipimo cyo hasi imaze gusenya inzu zibarirwa muri za mirongo no kwangiza izigera muri magana mu karere ka Rubavu, nk'uko abaturage babivuga.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-57237456</ref> == Imitingito ikomeye ku isi ikica byinshi : == Umutingito wa kuya 11 Ukwakira 1138<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/105965/imitingito-10-yabayeho-mu-mateka-yisi-yangije-byinshi-igasiga-impfu-zabantu-barenga-miliyo-105965.html</ref> Umutingito wa Sumatra wo kuwa 26 Ukuboza 2004<ref name=":0" /> Umutingito wo kuwa 12 Mutarama 2010<ref name=":0" /> Umutingito wo kuwa 22 Ukuboza 856 Umutingito wo kuwa 23 werurwe 893 Umutingito wo kuwa1 nzeri 1923 [[Dosiye:1992 Dahshur (Egypt) Earthquake aftermath 01.png|thumb|Umutingito|148x148px]] Umutingito wo kuwa 15 Ukwakira 1948<ref name=":0" /> == Umutingito mu Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Christchurch quake 3.jpg|thumb|Ingaruka zumutingito|146x146px]] Imitingito ikomeje kwibasira akarere ka Rubavu, kuri uyu wa Kabiri yangije inyubako z’amagorofa y’ubucuruzi igwisha inkuta zazo n’inzu z’abatarurage. Ibi byatumye hafungwa imihanda n’isoko rya Gisenyi n’inyubako ziryegereye, kuko nazo zagizweho ingaruka n’uwo mutingito wateye ubwoba bamwe mu baturage batangiye guhunga Umujyi berekeza ahandi mu Gihugu. Kugeza ubu kandi akarere ka Rubavu gakomeje kwakira impunzi ziri kuva muri teritwari ya Nyiragongo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo zihunze imitingito.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Imitingito-ikomeje-kwibasira-Rubavu-yangije-inyubako-zamagorofa-yubucuruzi</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/rubavu-gusana-ibyangijwe-n-imitingito-bizatwara-asaga-miliyari-91frw</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/cpzd4zgv263t</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umutungito]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] 0uhisraogpjagzup7p1uzznmjcs2h0v 0 13949 138892 90962 2026-09-17T21:08:05Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138892 wikitext text/x-wiki Abahinzi b’imbuto bo mu Karere ka Huye binubira udukoko twitwa utumatirizi, twateye mu biti by’imbuto bakaba nta musaruro bakibona, ariko mu kigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (RAB), basaba abo bahinzi gukonorera ibyo biti bakanabifumbira, hanyuma bakabitera umuti, kuko ari byo bizabafasha kongera kubona umusaruro. == Impamvu == Abahinzi b’imbuto bo mu Murenge wa Rusatira, ni bamwe mu bavuga ko utwo dukoko twatumye nta musaruro bakibona. Usanga bagira bati “Zatangiye ubundi zizana utuntu tw’imyeru munsi y’amababi, hagahita haza ibintu by’umukara bimeze nk’ubuki, bikajya bijojoba. Noneho wa mwembe, akarabo kajeho kagahunguka.” Imyembe ngo ni yo utwo dukoko twabanje kuzaho, ariko nyuma yaho twaje kugaragara no ku zindi mbuto bahinga nk’amacunga n’indimu. Kuri ubu bahangayikishijwe kurusha no kubona utu dukoko twaratangiye kugera mu ntoki, bakaba bafite impungenge ko bazagera igihe batacyeza n’ikintu na kimwe, bikabatera ibihombo kurushaho. == Abahinzi babivugaho iki? == Uwitwa Hakizimana ati “Nkanjye nari mfite ibiti by’imyembe bya kijyambere. Umwembe umwe nawugurishaga amafaranga 300, ariko ubu kubera ubumatirizi byaritunnye, nta rutumbwe ruriho.” Uwitwa Habyarimana na we ati “Iyo myembe, [[indimu]] n’amacunga byareraga, abana bakarya, imbuto zisigaye tukagurisha, tukabona agasabune, akunyu na mituweli. None ubu byose byaradupfanye.” Umuturanyi we na we ati “Mfite ibiti bigera muri 30. Nari nahigiye kuzagura ikimasa mu musaruro nzabona, ariko ubu byarapfuye. Nta rubuto na rumwe wabonaho.” == Abashakashatsi babivugaho iki? == Germain Nkima, umushakashatsi muri RAB, avuga ko ubundi utumatirizi ari udusimba, tukaba atari indwara nk’uko abahinzi bamwe babikeka. Ngo ni udusimba dufata cyane cyane imyembe, ariko dushobora gufata n’ubundi bwoko bw’ibiti bugera ku 120. Agira ati “Iyo tumaze gufata [[igiti]] tuzana amatembabuzi ameze nk’ubuki akagenda ajya ku mababi. Ayo matembabuzi akurura uduhumyo, ugasanga ku kibabi hariho uruhumbu rw’umukara.” Akomeza asobanura ko ubundi ibitunga igihingwa bikorerwa mu kibabi, kibifashijwemo n’izuba. Iyo izuba rero ritakibasha kwinjira mu kibabi neza, umusaruro uragabanuka. Ku bijyanye n’icyo abahinzi bakwiye gukora mu gihe ibihingwa byabo byagezweho n’utumatirizi, Nkima agira ati “Ikintu cya mbere umuhinzi agomba gukora ni ugukonorera igiti, akagifumbira kugira ngo kigire imbaraga, kirememo ubudahangarwa, bityo utwo dusimba nituza dusange ubwacyo gifite ubwirinzi.” Yungamo ati “Hakurikiraho noneho gutera umuti, kandi icyo gihe bigutwara umuti mukeya, kuko igiti uba waragifashe neza.” == Umuti urambye == Mu rwego rwo gushaka umuti urambye kuri iki kibazo ariko, ngo Leta y’u Rwanda yatumije udusimba twangiza utumatirizi ntidushobore kororoka. Ngo ni udusimba turebeka nk’ivubi ariko tungana n’umubu dutera amagi mu kamatirizi, hanyuma mu kamatirizi hagaturikamo urunyo, nuko bigatuma gashwanyuka. Ibi ngo bizafasha kurwanya utumatirizi hadatewe imiti, igenda inahenda kurushaho bikagora umuhinzi. Utumatirizi ngo twagaragaye bwa mbere mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, mu Turere twa Kirehe, Kayonza, Ngoma, dukomeza mu Bugesera hanyuma mu bice by’Amayaga. Kuri ubu tumaze gukwirakwira henshi mu Rwanda. == Reba == <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/gukonorera-ibiti-by-imbuto-umwe-mu-miti-mu-kurwanya-utumatirizi</ref> ljpfm6r4nycae0py36m4bvbatpp7f7y 0 14114 138898 111973 2026-09-17T21:13:13Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138898 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cut Trees - geograph.org.uk - 2327685.jpg|thumb|Gutema amashamba|258x258px]] [[Dosiye:Deforestation_(1).jpg|thumb|Gutema amashamba|241x241px]] Gutema amashyamba cyangwa gutema amashyamba ni ugukuraho ishyamba cyangwa igihagararo cy’ibiti ku butaka noneho bigahinduka gukoresha amashyamba. Gutema amashyamba birashobora guhindura ubutaka bwamashyamba mumirima, ubworozi, cyangwa gukoresha imijyi. Gutema amashyamba cyane biboneka mu mashyamba yimvura yo mu turere dushyuha. Kugeza ubu 31% by'ubutaka bw'isi butwikiriwe n'amashyamba muri iki gihe. Iki ni kimwe cya gatatu ugereranije n’amashyamba mbere yo kwagura ubuhinzi, kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihombo cyabaye mu kinyejana gishize. Hafi ya hegitari miliyoni 15 kugeza kuri miliyoni 18 z'amashyamba, ubuso bungana na Bangladesh, burimburwa buri mwaka. Ugereranije, ibiti 2,400 bitemwa buri munota. [[Dosiye:Cutted trees slovakia.JPG|thumb|Gutema amashamba bimwe mubyangiza umwuka duhumeka|242x242px]] Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n'ubuhinzi risobanura ko gutema amashyamba ari uguhindura amashyamba ahandi hantu hakoreshwa ubutaka (tutitaye ko biterwa n'abantu). "Gutema amashyamba" na "ihinduka ry’amashyamba" ntabwo ari kimwe: icya nyuma ni igiteranyo cy’ibihombo byose by’amashyamba (gutema amashyamba) hamwe n’inyungu zose z’amashyamba (kwagura amashyamba) mugihe runaka. Guhindura net rero, birashobora kuba byiza cyangwa bibi, ukurikije niba inyungu zirenze igihombo, cyangwa ubundi. [[Dosiye:Cutting_Wood.jpg|thumb|Cutting Wood|247x247px]] Kurandura ibiti nta mashyamba ahagije byatumye habaho kwangirika kw'imiturire, gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, n'ubukonje. Gutema amashyamba bitera kuzimangana, guhindura imiterere y’ikirere, ubutayu, no kwimura abaturage, nkuko bigaragara muri iki gihe ndetse no mu bihe byashize binyuze mu myanda y’ibinyabuzima. Gutema amashyamba bigabanya kandi ibinyabuzima bya dioxyde de carbone yo mu kirere, byongera ibitekerezo bibi bitera ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi. Ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi kandi bushyira ingufu mu baturage bashaka kwihaza mu biribwa bakuraho amashyamba yo gukoresha mu buhinzi no kugabanya ubutaka bwo guhinga muri rusange. Uturere tw’amashyamba ubusanzwe tugira izindi ngaruka zikomeye z’ibidukikije nk’isuri mbi y’ubutaka no kwangirika mu butayu. [[Dosiye:Trees cut by avalanche.jpg|thumb|ibiti bitemye|248x248px]] Kwihangana kwimikorere yibiribwa byabantu hamwe nubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana nimpinduka zizaza bifitanye isano n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye - harimo ibihuru byahujwe n’ibiti by’ibiti ndetse n’ibiti by’ibiti bifasha kurwanya ubutayu, udukoko dutuye mu mashyamba, udusimba n’ubwoko bw’inyoni zanduza ibihingwa, ibiti bifite imizi myinshi. mu bidukikije by’imisozi birinda isuri, n’ubwoko bwa mangrove butanga guhangana n’umwuzure mu turere two ku nkombe. Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere yiyongera ku ngaruka z’ibiribwa, uruhare rw’amashyamba mu gufata no kubika karubone no kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni ingenzi ku rwego rw’ubuhinzi. Amateka ya vuba (1970 gukomeza) [[Dosiye:Cutting_down_trees_for_firewood.jpg|thumb|Cutting down trees for firewood|244x244px]] Gutema amashyamba yimvura ya Amazone muri leta ya Berezile ya Maranhão, 2016 Kurugero, FAO ivuga ko ububiko bwa karubone ku isi bwagabanutseho 0,9%, naho ibiti bitwikiriye 4.2% hagati ya 1990 na 2020. [11] Amashyamba ya karubone y’amashyamba mu Burayi (harimo n’Uburusiya) yiyongereye kuva kuri 158.7 agera kuri 172.4 Gt hagati ya 1990 na 2020. Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ububiko bwa karuboni bw’amashyamba bwiyongereye buva kuri 136.6 bugera kuri 140 Gt muri icyo gihe. Nyamara, ububiko bwa karubone bwaragabanutse buva kuri 94.3 bugera kuri 80.9 Gt muri Afurika, 45.8 bugera kuri 41.5 Gt muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo n’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo ya Aziya hamwe, 33.4 kugeza 33.1 Gt muri Oceania, 5 kugeza kuri 4.1 Gt muri Amerika yo Hagati, no kuva kuri 161.8 kugeza kuri 144.8 Gt muri Amerika yepfo. 12] IPCC (Akanama gashinzwe guverinoma ihuriweho n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe) ivuga ko hari ukutumvikana ku bijyanye n’uko ishyamba ry’isi rigabanuka cyangwa ritagabanuka, kandi ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko [[igiti]] cyiyongereyeho 7.1% hagati ya 1982 na 2016. [a] IPCC nayo yaranditse iti: "Mugihe hejuru Ububiko bwa karubone ya biomass bivugwa ko bugabanuka mu turere dushyuha, bugenda bwiyongera ku isi yose kubera ubwiyongere bw’ibigega mu mashyamba ashyushye kandi y’ibiti. [[Dosiye:Cut trees, Crawfordsburn Country Park - geograph.org.uk - 3785130.jpg|thumb|ibiti|245x245px]] Kwagura ubuhinzi bikomeje kuba intandaro yo gutema amashyamba no gucamo ibice amashyamba no gutakaza ibinyabuzima bitandukanye by’amashyamba. Ubuhinzi bunini mu bucuruzi (cyane cyane ubworozi bw'inka no guhinga ibishyimbo bya soya n'ibigazi by'amavuta) bingana na 40 ku ijana by'amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha hagati ya 2000 na 2010, naho ubuhinzi butunzwe n’ibindi bice 33%. Ibiti byaciwe kugirango bikoreshwe nk'ibikoresho byo kubaka, ibiti cyangwa bigurishwa nka lisansi (rimwe na rimwe mu buryo bw'amakara cyangwa ibiti), mu gihe ubutaka bwakuweho bukoreshwa nk'inzuri ku bworozi n'ibihingwa ngandurarugo. Umubare munini wibikorwa byubuhinzi bivamo amashyamba biterwa inkunga n’imisoro ya leta. Kwirengagiza agaciro kavuzwe, gucunga neza amashyamba, hamwe n’amategeko adahagije y’ibidukikije ni bimwe mu bintu bitera amashyamba manini. Gutema amashyamba mu bihugu byinshi - haba mu buryo busanzwe [15] kandi biterwa n'abantu - ni ikibazo gikomeje. Hagati ya 2000 na 2012, haciwe kilometero kare miliyoni 2.3 (890.000 sq mi) y’amashyamba ku isi. Gutema amashyamba no kwangirika kw’amashyamba bikomeje kubaho ku kigero giteye ubwoba, ibyo bikaba bigira uruhare runini mu gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bikomeje. Umubare w’ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi ukenewe ku isi wagabanukaho bitatu bya kane mu gihe abaturage bose bafashe indyo y’ibikomoka ku bimera. [[Dosiye:Cut trees, Cairn Wood, Craigantlet - geograph.org.uk - 2469999.jpg|thumb|gutema amashyamba muri Afurika|247x247px]] Gutema amashyamba birakabije muri tropique na suamashyamba ya btropiki mubukungu bugenda buzamuka. Kurenga kimwe cya kabiri cyibinyabuzima n’ibinyabuzima ku isi bibera mu mashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha. Kubera gutema amashyamba, kilometero kare miliyoni 6.2 gusa (kilometero kare miliyoni 2.4) zisigaye kuri kilometero kare miliyoni 16 (kilometero kare kare) y’amashyamba y’imvura yo mu turere dushyuha yahoze atwikiriye Isi. Agace kangana n’ikibuga cy’umupira kivanwa mu ishyamba ry’imvura rya Amazone buri munota, hamwe na hegitari miliyoni 136 (hegitari miliyoni 55) z’amashyamba y’imvura yahanaguwe mu buhinzi bw’inyamaswa muri rusange. Hegitari zirenga miliyoni 3.6 z'ishyamba ry'ubushyuhe bwo mu turere dushyuha twatakaye muri 2018. [21] Kurya no gutanga inyama zinka nizo ntandaro yambere yo gutema amashyamba muri Amazone, hafi 80% yubutaka bwahinduwe bukoreshwa mu korora inka. [22] 91% by'ubutaka bwa Amazone bwatewe amashyamba kuva mu 1970 bwahinduwe ubworozi bw'inka. [24] Gutakaza ibiti ku mwaka ku isi bivugwa ko bigera kuri miliyari 10. [26] Dukurikije icyegeranyo cy’umutungo w’amashyamba ku isi 2020 ugereranyije buri mwaka isi y’amashyamba y’amashyamba mu myaka ya 2015-2020 yari hegitari miliyoni 10 naho impuzandengo y’amashyamba y’umwaka mu myaka ya 2000–2010 yari hegitari miliyoni 4.7. Isi yatakaje ha miliyoni 178 z’amashyamba kuva mu 1990, akaba ari agace kangana na Libiya. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2020 bwasohotse muri Scientific Reports, niba gutema amashyamba bikomeje ku kigero kiriho birashobora gutuma abantu barimbuka burundu cyangwa hafi ya bose mu myaka 20 kugeza 40 iri imbere. Bashoje bavuga ko "duhereye ku mibare ... bishoboka ko umuco wacu ubaho ubwayo uri munsi ya 10% mu bihe byiza cyane." Kugira ngo wirinde gusenyuka, ikiremwamuntu kigomba kuva mu muco wiganjemo ubukungu kikajya muri "sosiyete ndangamuco" "iha agaciro inyungu z’ibinyabuzima kuruta inyungu z’umuntu ku giti cye, ariko amaherezo ikurikije inyungu rusange." [28] [29] Mu mwaka wa 2014, ibihugu bigera kuri 40 byashyize umukono ku Itangazo rya New York ryerekeye amashyamba, umuhigo ku bushake wo kugabanya amashyamba mu mwaka wa 2020 ukarangira mu 2030. Aya masezerano ntiyubahirijwe mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, ariko, ndetse n'ibihugu bimwe na bimwe by'ingenzi nka Burezili, Ubushinwa, n'Uburusiya , ntabwo yashyizeho umukono. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imbaraga zarananiranye, kandi gutema amashyamba byiyongera kuva 2014 kugeza 2020. [30] Mu Gushyingo 2021, ibihugu 141 (bifite hafi 85% by’amashyamba y’ibanze yo mu turere dushyuha ku isi na 90% by’ibiti by’ibiti ku isi) byemeranijwe mu nama y’ikirere ya COP26 yabereye i Glasgow ku cyemezo cy’abayobozi ba Glasgow ku mashyamba n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, umuhigo wo kurangiza no gutema amashyamba mu 2030. [31] [32] [33] Aya masezerano yaherekejwe na miliyari 19.2 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu bikorwa byo gutera inkunga. Amasezerano ya 2021 ya Glasgow yateye imbere ku Itangazo rya New York kugeza ubu harimo Burezili ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byinshi bitashyize umukono ku masezerano ya 2014. [31] Bimwe mu bihugu by'ingenzi bifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutema amashyamba (harimo Maleziya, Kamboje, Laos, Paraguay, na Miyanimari) ntabwo byashyize umukono ku Itangazo rya Glasgow. Kimwe n'amasezerano yari yabanje, Itangazo ry'abayobozi ba Glasgow ryashyizweho hanze y’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bityo akaba atemewe n'amategeko. Mu Gushyingo 2021, umuyobozi w’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yagaragaje umushinga w’itegeko risaba ibigo kwerekana ko ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi by’inka, ibiti, amavuta y’amamesa, soya, ikawa na kakao bigenewe abaguzi miliyoni 450 z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bitajyanye no gutema amashyamba. Muri Nzeri 2022, Inteko ishinga amategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yashyigikiye kandi ishimangira gahunda kuva ku buyobozi bw’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n'amajwi 453 kuri 57. [35] [[Dosiye:Tree cuts.jpg|thumb|ibiti|260x260px]] Impamvu Abatwara amashyamba no kwangirika kw’amashyamba ku karere, 2000–2010, bivuye mu gitabo cya FAO Leta y’amashyamba ku isi 2020. Amashyamba, ibinyabuzima bitandukanye n’abantu - Muri make. [36] Abatwara amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha Icyiciro cya nyuma cyibiti biva mu ishyamba ryimbuto muri Indragiri Hulu, Sumatra, Indoneziya. Gutema amashyamba yo guhinga imikindo. Nk’uko amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere (UNFCCC) abigaragaza, impamvu nyamukuru itera amashyamba ni ubuhinzi. Ubuhinzi butunzwe ninshingano za 48% zo gutema amashyamba; ubuhinzi bwubucuruzi bushinzwe 32%; gutema ibiti bingana na 14%, no kuvanaho ibiti bya peteroli bingana na 5%. Abahanga ntibavuga rumwe niba gutema inganda ari uruhare runini mu gutema amashyamba ku isi. [38] Bamwe bavuga ko abakene bakunze gukuraho amashyamba kubera ko nta bundi buryo bafite, abandi bakavuga ko abakene badafite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ibikoresho n'umurimo ukenewe kugira ngo ishyamba risibe. Izindi mpamvu zitera amashyamba muri iki gihe zishobora kuba zirimo ruswa y’inzego za Leta, [40] [41] 47] [48] Ingaruka zo kwiyongera kwabaturage ku gutema amashyamba zararwanyijwe. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bitewe n’uburumbuke bukabije aribwo bwabaye intandaro yo gutema amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha mu bice 8% gusa. Mu 2000, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi (FAO) ryasanze "uruhare rw’ingufu z’abaturage mu gace kamwe rushobora gutandukana bitewe n’icyemezo ndetse n’ingirakamaro", kandi ko gutema amashyamba bishobora guturuka ku "guhuza igitutu cy’abaturage no guhagarara mu bukungu, imibereho myiza ndetse n’imibereho. imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga ". [44] Kuba isi ihinduka nk’indi ntandaro yo gutema amashyamba, [50] [51] nubwo hari aho usanga ingaruka z’isi yose (urujya n'uruza rw'imirimo, imari shingiro, ibicuruzwa, n'ibitekerezo) byateje imbere ishyamba ry’amashyamba. Indi mpamvu itera amashyamba ni imihindagurikire y’ikirere. 23% by'igihombo cy'ibiti bituruka ku nkongi y'umuriro n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere byongera inshuro n'imbaraga. Ubushyuhe bwiyongera butera inkongi y'umuriro cyane cyane mu mashyamba ya Boreal. Ingaruka imwe ishoboka ni uguhindura amashyamba. Ubucukuzi bwa zahabu butemewe muri Madre de Dios, muri Peru. Iyangirika ry’ibinyabuzima by’amashyamba naryo ryatewe no gushimangira ubukungu bituma guhindura amashyamba bigaragara ko byunguka kuruta kubungabunga amashyamba. Ibikorwa byinshi by'amashyamba nta soko bifite, bityo rero, nta gaciro k'ubukungu bigaragarira byoroshye ba nyir'amashyamba cyangwa abaturage bashingira ku mashyamba kugira ngo babeho neza. Dufatiye ku bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, inyungu z’amashyamba nk'ibimera bya karuboni cyangwa ibinyabuzima bitandukanye bigenda byinjira cyane cyane mu bihugu bikize byateye imbere kandi nta ndishyi zihagije zihari kuri izo serivisi. Ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere byumva ko ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byo mu bihugu byateye imbere nka Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, byatemye amashyamba mu binyejana byashize kandi bikungukira mu bukungu kubera gutema amashyamba, kandi ko ari uburyarya guhakana ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere amahirwe amwe, ni ukuvuga ko abakene bagomba ntugomba kwishura ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga mugihe abakire bateje ikibazo. Bamwe mu batanze ibitekerezo bagaragaje impinduka mu bashoferi batema amashyamba mu myaka 30 ishize. Mu gihe gutema amashyamba byatewe ahanini n’ibikorwa byo gutunga ndetse n’imishinga iterwa inkunga na leta nko kwimuka mu bihugu nka Indoneziya no gukolonizwa muri Amerika y'Epfo, Ubuhinde, Java, n'ibindi, mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, na Mu myaka ya za 90, amashyamba menshi yatewe n’inganda, harimo inganda zivoma, ubworozi bunini bw’inka, n’ubuhinzi bwagutse. Kuva mu 2001, gutema amashyamba biterwa n’ibicuruzwa, bishoboka cyane ko bizahoraho, bingana na kimwe cya kane cy’ihungabana ry’amashyamba, kandi iki gihombo cyibanze muri Amerika yepfo no mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya. [59] Ingaruka ku bidukikije Ikirere Andi makuru: Gutema amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere Uburyo bwa biofiziki uburyo amashyamba agira ingaruka ku kirere. Kuri buri muntu imyuka ya CO2 ituruka ku gutema amashyamba kugirango itange umusaruro Imyitozo itemewe "gukata-gutwika" muri Madagasikari, 2010 Ikigereranyo cyo gutakaza karubone buri mwaka iterwa no gutema amashyamba. Gutema amashyamba birakomeje kandi birahindura ikirere na geografiya. [62] [63] [64] [65] Gutema amashyamba ni umusanzu w'ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi, [66] [67] [68] kandi bikunze kuvugwa nk'imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zitera ingaruka ziterwa na parike. Ibiharuro biheruka kwerekana byerekana ko imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone ituruka ku gutema amashyamba no kwangirika kw’amashyamba (ukuyemo ibyuka by’ubutaka) itanga hafi 12% y’ibyuka bya karuboni ya dioxyde de antropogeneque iri hagati ya 6% na 17%. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2022 bwerekana ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka ku mashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha yikubye kabiri mu myaka 20 ishize kandi ikomeza kwiyongera. (0.97 ± 0.16 PgC ku mwaka muri 2001–2005 kugeza 1.99 ± 0.13 PgC ku mwaka muri 2015–2019) [70] [61] Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwabigaragaje, mu majyaruguru ya 50 ° N, gutema amashyamba manini biganisha ku bukonje bukabije ku isi mu gihe amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha atera ubushyuhe bukabije butatewe gusa n’ingaruka za CO2 gusa ahubwo biterwa n’ubundi buryo bwa biofiziki (bigatuma ibipimo bishingiye kuri karubone bidahagije) . Byongeye kandi, byerekana ko amashyamba ahagaze ashyuha afasha gukonjesha ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 1 ° C. [71] Inzira Gutema amashyamba bitera karuboni ya dioxyde itinda mu kirere. Dioxyde de carbone iboneka, itanga urwego mu kirere gifata imirasire y'izuba. Imirasire ihinduka ubushyuhe butera ubushyuhe bwisi, bizwi cyane nkingaruka za parike. Ibimera bivana karubone muburyo bwa karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone mu kirere mugihe cya fotosintezeza, ariko ikarekura dioxyde de carbone igasubira mu kirere mugihe cyo guhumeka bisanzwe. Gusa iyo ukuze cyane ushobora igiti cyangwa ishyamba gukuramo karubone, mukubika mubice byibihingwa. Kubora no gutwika inkwi birekura ibyinshi muri iyi karubone yabitswe isubira mu kirere. Nubwo gukusanya inkwi muri rusange ari nkenerwa mugukurikirana karubone, mumashyamba amwe urusobe rwibihumyo bya symbiotic ruzengurutse imizi yibi biti birashobora kubika karuboni nyinshi, bikabikwa munsi yubutaka nubwo igiti cyayitanze ipfa kandi ikangirika, or irasarurwa kandi igatwikwa. Ubundi buryo karubone ishobora gutwarwa n’amashyamba ni uko inkwi zisarurwa zigahinduka ibicuruzwa bimaze igihe kirekire, ibiti bishya bikabisimbuza. Gutema amashyamba birashobora kandi gutuma ububiko bwa karubone bufashwe mu butaka burekurwa. Amashyamba arashobora kuba arohama cyangwa isoko bitewe nibidukikije. Amashyamba akuze asimburana hagati yo kurohama hamwe nisoko ya karuboni ya dioxyde (reba karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone na cycle ya karubone). Mu turere tw’amashyamba, ubutaka burashyuha vuba kandi bugera ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, biganisha ku kuzamuka kwaho kuzamuka kwizamura ibicu kandi amaherezo bikabyara imvura nyinshi. Icyakora, nk'uko Laboratoire ya Geophysical Fluid Dynamics ibivuga, icyitegererezo cyakoreshejwe mu gukora ubushakashatsi ku byerekeranye no gutema amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha cyerekanye ubushyuhe bwagutse ariko bworoheje bwiyongera binyuze mu kirere gishyuha. Icyitegererezo cyahanuye <0.2 ° C ubushyuhe bwumuyaga wo hejuru kuri 700 mb na 500 mb. Nyamara, icyitegererezo cyerekana ko nta mpinduka nini zigaragara mubindi bice usibye Ubushyuhe. Nubwo icyitegererezo cyerekanye ko nta mpinduka nini z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu bindi bice bitari Ubushyuhe, ibi ntibishobora kuba kubera ko icyitegererezo gifite amakosa ashobora kuba kandi ibisubizo ntibisobanutse neza. Gutema amashyamba bigira ingaruka ku gutemba kw'umuyaga, imyuka y'amazi no kwinjiza ingufu z'izuba bityo bikagira ingaruka ku kirere cyaho ndetse no ku isi hose. Inkongi y'umuriro kuri Borneo na Sumatra, 2006. Abantu bakoresha amashyamba yo gutema no gutwika kugira ngo basibe ubutaka bwo guhinga. UMUKARA Kugabanya imyuka iva mu gutema amashyamba no kwangirika kw’amashyamba (REDD) mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere byagaragaye ko ari ubushobozi bushya bwo kuzuza politiki y’ikirere ikomeje. Igitekerezo kigizwe no gutanga indishyi zamafaranga yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (GHG) biturutse ku gutema amashyamba no kwangirika kw’amashyamba ". uburenganzira bwo gusohora umwanda runaka (ni ukuvuga CO2). Oxygene-itanga nabi Amashyamba y’imvura yemerwa n’abalayiki kugira uruhare runini rwa ogisijeni ku isi, [79] nubwo ubu byemewe n’abahanga ko amashyamba y’imvura agira umwuka wa ogisijeni muke mu kirere kandi gutema amashyamba bigira ingaruka nke gusa ku rwego rwa ogisijeni yo mu kirere. [81] Icyakora, gutwika no gutwika ibiti by’amashyamba kugira ngo bisibe ubutaka birekura CO2 nyinshi, bigira uruhare mu gushyuha ku isi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga kandi ko gutema amashyamba mu turere dushyuha toni miliyari 1.5 za karubone buri mwaka mu kirere. [[Dosiye:Cut back trees south of Arlington Reservoir - geograph.org.uk - 3884349.jpg|thumb|gutema amashyamba byangiza umwuka duhumeka|250x250px]] Hydrologiya Inzira y'amazi nayo yibasiwe no gutema amashyamba. Ibiti bivoma amazi yubutaka mu mizi yabyo bikarekura mu kirere. Iyo igice cy'ishyamba kivanyweho, ibiti ntibigishobora kwanduza aya mazi, bigatuma ikirere cyuma cyane. Gutema amashyamba bigabanya amazi mu butaka n’amazi yo mu butaka ndetse n’ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere. Ubutaka bwumutse butera amazi make kugirango ibiti bivomwe. Gutema amashyamba bigabanya guhuza ubutaka, ku buryo hashobora kubaho isuri, imyuzure ndetse n’isenyuka. [84] Kugabanya igifuniko cyamashyamba bigabanya ubushobozi bwikibanza cyo guhagarika, kugumana no kwimura imvura. Aho gufata imvura igwa, igahita igera kuri sisitemu y’amazi yo mu butaka, ahantu hateye amashyamba hahinduka isoko y’amazi yo hejuru, agenda yihuta cyane kuruta imigezi yo munsi. Amashyamba asubiza amazi menshi agwa nkimvura igwa mukirere. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, iyo agace katewe amashyamba, imvura hafi ya yose iba yatakaye nkuwashize. Ibyo gutwara byihuse amazi yubutaka birashobora guhinduka umwuzure wumwuzure hamwe n’umwuzure waho kuruta uko byakorwa hamwe n’ishyamba. Gutema amashyamba kandi bigira uruhare mu kugabanuka kwa evapotranspiration, igabanya ubushuhe bwo mu kirere rimwe na rimwe bigira ingaruka ku mvura igwa ikamanuka ikava mu mashyamba, kubera ko amazi adakoreshwa neza ngo amashyamba agabanuke, ariko akabura mu mazi agasubira mu nyanja. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko mu majyaruguru y’amajyaruguru n’amajyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’Ubushinwa, impuzandengo y’imvura yagabanutseho kimwe cya gatatu hagati ya 1950 na 1980. [87] Gutema amashyamba mu kibaya cya Highland muri Madagasikari byatumye habaho gutemba kwinshi n’imigezi idahungabana yinzuzi z’iburengerazuba. Ibiti, n'ibimera muri rusange, bigira ingaruka ku cyerekezo cy’amazi: [88] ibitereko byabo bifata igipimo cyimvura, hanyuma igahumeka igasubira mu kirere (interopy interception); imyanda yabo, ibiti n'imigozi bigabanya umuvuduko w'amazi hejuru; imizi yabo irema macropore - imiyoboro minini - mu butaka bwongera kwinjira mu mazi; bigira uruhare mu guhinduka kwisi no kugabanya ubuhehere bwubutaka hakoreshejwe transpiration; imyanda yabo nibindi bisigazwa kama bihindura imiterere yubutaka bugira ingaruka kubushobozi bwubutaka bwo kubika amazi. ibibabi byabo bigenzura ubuhehere bwikirere mu guhinduranya. 99% by'amazi yakuwe mu mizi azamuka mu mababi kandi arahinduka. Nka result, kuba ibiti cyangwa kutabaho bishobora guhindura ubwinshi bwamazi hejuru, mubutaka cyangwa mumazi yubutaka, cyangwa mukirere. Ibi na byo bihindura igipimo cy’isuri no kuboneka kwamazi kubikorwa byibidukikije cyangwa serivisi zabantu. Gutema amashyamba mu bibaya byo mu kibaya bituma ibicu bigwa kandi imvura ikagera ahantu hirengeye. Ishyamba rishobora kugira ingaruka nke kumyuzure mugihe habaye imvura nyinshi, irenga ubushobozi bwo kubika ubutaka bwamashyamba niba ubutaka buri hafi cyangwa bwuzuye. Amashyamba yimvura yo mu turere dushyuha atanga hafi 30% byamazi meza yumubumbe wacu. Gutema amashyamba bihagarika ikirere gisanzwe gitera ikirere gishyushye kandi cyumye bityo byongera amapfa, ubutayu, kunanirwa kw'ibihingwa, gushonga kw'ibarafu ya polar, umwuzure wo ku nkombe no kwimura ingoma zikomeye z’ibimera. [91] Ubutaka Gutema amashyamba mu Bufaransa. Bitewe n’imyanda y’ibimera, amashyamba adahungabanye afite igipimo gito cy’isuri. Igipimo cy'isuri kibaho giterwa no gutema amashyamba, kubera ko bigabanya ubwinshi bw'igifuniko cy'imyanda, gitanga uburinzi bwo gutemba hejuru. Igipimo cy’isuri ni toni zigera kuri 2 kuri kilometero kare. [93] [Inkomoko yonyine? Ibikorwa byamashyamba ubwabyo nabyo byongera isuri binyuze mugutezimbere imihanda (amashyamba) no gukoresha ibikoresho bya mashini. Gutema amashyamba mu kibaya cya Loess mu Bushinwa mu myaka myinshi ishize byatumye habaho isuri; iri suri ryatumye ibibaya bifungura. Ubwiyongere bwubutaka mumazi butemba butera uruzi rwumuhondo kwuzura bigatuma ibara ryumuhondo. Isuri nini ntabwo buri gihe ari ingaruka zo gutema amashyamba, nkuko bigaragara mu turere two mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Amerika. Muri utwo turere, gutakaza ibyatsi bitewe no kuba hari ibiti n’ibindi biti bitera isuri cyane kuruta igihe ibiti byakuweho. Ubutaka bushimangirwa no kuba hari ibiti, birinda ubutaka guhambira imizi kuburiri bwubutaka. Bitewe no gutema amashyamba, gukuraho ibiti bituma ubutaka bugoramye bushobora kwibasirwa n'inkangu. Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye Gutema amashyamba ku gipimo cy’umuntu bituma igabanuka ry’ibinyabuzima, [94] ndetse no ku isi isanzwe izwiho gutera amoko menshi. [9] Kurandura cyangwa gusenya uduce tw’amashyamba byatumye ibidukikije byangirika hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bigabanuka. Amashyamba ashyigikira ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, atanga aho atuye ku gasozi; [96] byongeye kandi, amashyamba atera kubungabunga imiti. Hamwe na biotopi yo mu mashyamba ari isoko idasubirwaho y’imiti mishya (nka tagisi), gutema amashyamba birashobora gusenya itandukaniro ry’irondakoko (nko kurwanya ibihingwa) ku buryo budasubirwaho. Kwinjira mu buryo butemewe muri Madagasikari. Mu mwaka wa 2009, igice kinini cy’ibiti byinjira mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko byoherejwe mu Bushinwa. Kubera ko amashyamba y’imvura yo mu turere dushyuha ari urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye ku isi [99] [100] kandi hafi 80% by’ibinyabuzima bizwi ku isi bishobora kuboneka mu mashyamba y’imvura yo mu turere dushyuha, [101] mubidukikije byangiritse [103] hamwe no kugabanya ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. [9] [104] Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe i Rondônia, muri Burezili, bwerekanye ko gutema amashyamba bikuraho kandi mikorobe igira uruhare mu gutunganya intungamubiri, kubyara amazi meza no kuvanaho umwanda. Byagereranijwe ko turimo gutakaza amoko 137 y’ibimera, inyamaswa n’udukoko buri munsi kubera gutema amashyamba y’imvura, bingana n’ibinyabuzima 50.000 ku mwaka. [106] Abandi bavuga ko gutema amashyamba y’imvura yo mu turere dushyuha bigira uruhare mu kuzimangana kwa Holocene. [107] Ikigereranyo kizwi cyo kuzimangana ku gipimo cy’amashyamba kiri hasi cyane, hafi amoko 1 ku mwaka ahereye ku nyamaswa z’inyamabere n’inyoni, zikaba zigera ku moko agera ku 23.000 ku mwaka ku moko yose. Byahanuwe ko ibinyabuzima birenga 40% by'inyamaswa n'ibimera byo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya bishobora kurimburwa mu kinyejana cya 21. [109] Ubuhanuzi nk'ubwo bwashidikanyaga ku makuru yo mu 1995 yerekana ko mu turere two mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya igice kinini cy'ishyamba ry'umwimerere cyahinduwe mu gihingwa cyihariye, ariko ko amoko ashobora kwangirika ari make kandi ibimera by'ibiti bikomeza kuba byinshi kandi bihamye. [110] Gusobanukirwa na siyansi inzira yo kuzimangana ntibihagije kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ingaruka z’amashyamba ku binyabuzima. [111] Benshi mu bahanura ibijyanye no gutakaza urusobe rw’amashyamba bishingiye ku bwoko bw’imiterere y’ibinyabuzima, hakaba hashingiwe ko uko amashyamba agabanuka amoko atandukanye azagabanuka kimwe. Nyamara, ibyitegererezo byinshi byagaragaye ko ari bibi kandi gutakaza aho gutura ntabwo byanze bikunze bitera amoko menshi yo gutakaza. Ubwoko bw'imiterere y'akarere bizwiho guhanura umubare w’ibinyabuzima bizwi ko bibangamiwe mu turere aho amashyamba akomeje gukorerwa, kandi agateganya cyane umubare w’ibinyabuzima byugarije bikwirakwira hose. [110] Muri 2012, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Amazone yo muri Berezile bwahanuye thnubwo kugeza ubu hatabayeho kuzimangana kugeza ubu, abagera kuri 90 ku ijana by'abazarimbuka amaherezo bazabaho mu myaka 40 iri imbere. Ingaruka ku buzima Imiterere yubuzima rusange Kwangirika no gutakaza amashyamba bihungabanya uburinganire bwa kamere. Mu byukuri, gutema amashyamba bikuraho amoko menshi y’ibimera n’inyamaswa nazo zikunze gutuma indwara ziyongera, [114] no guhura n’indwara zonotike. [10] [115] [116] [117] Gutema amashyamba birashobora kandi gutera inzira amoko atari kavukire kugira ngo atere imbere nkubwoko bumwebumwe bwibisimba, bifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwanduye schistosomiasis. [114] [118] Indwara ziterwa n’amashyamba zirimo malariya, indwara ya Chagas (izwi kandi ku izina rya trypanosomiasis y'Abanyamerika), Afurika trypanosomiasis (indwara yo kuryama), leishmaniyasi, indwara ya Lyme, virusi itera sida na Ebola. Indwara nyinshi zandura zanduza abantu, harimo na virusi ya SARS-CoV2 yateje icyorezo cya COVID-19, ni zoonotic kandi kuvuka kwabo bishobora kuba bifitanye isano no gutakaza aho gutura bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’amashyamba no kwaguka kw’abantu mu mashyamba, byombi byongera ubuzima bwabantu ku nyamaswa. Gutema amashyamba bibera ku isi yose kandi byahujwe no kwiyongera kw'indwara zandura. Muri Maleziya, hegitari ibihumbi n’ibiti by’amashyamba byahanaguwe ku bworozi bw’ingurube. Ibi byatumye kwiyongera kwa zoonose virusi ya Nipah. [119] Muri Kenya, gutema amashyamba byatumye umubare wa malariya wiyongera ubu bikaba ari byo biza ku isonga mu gutera indwara n’impfu mu gihugu. [120] [121] Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2017 mu isuzuma ry’ubukungu bw’Abanyamerika bwerekanye ko gutema amashyamba byongereye cyane indwara ya malariya muri Nijeriya. [122] Indi nzira inyuramo amashyamba yibasira indwara nukwimuka no gukwirakwiza abakira indwara. Iyi nzira igaragara yindwara ishobora kwitwa "kwaguka kwagutse", aho urwego rwabakiriye (hamwe n’urwego rwa virusi) rwaguka mu turere dushya. Binyuze mu gutema amashyamba, ibinyabuzima hamwe n’ibinyabuzima by’ibigega bihatirwa gutura. Guherekeza amoko y'ibigega ni virusi zitera ubushobozi bwo kubona abashyitsi bashya mu turere tutaramenyekana. Mugihe izo virusi nubwoko bihura cyane nabantu, byanduye muburyo butaziguye. Urugero ruteye ubwoba rwo kwaguka ni urugero rwa virusi ya Nipah muri 1998 muri Maleziya. [124] Mu myaka itari mike, gutema amashyamba, amapfa, n’umuriro byakurikiyeho byatumye habaho ihinduka rikomeye ry’imiterere n’uburinganire bw’ibiti by’imbuto, ikigega cya virusi ya Nipah. Gutema amashyamba byagabanije ibiti byera imbuto biboneka aho batuye, kandi bigarurira imirima ikikije iyo nayo yabaye ahantu h'ingurube nyinshi. Ibibabi, binyuze hafi yegera Nipah ingurube. Mugihe virusi yanduye ingurube, impfu zaragabanutse cyane ugereranije n’abantu, bituma ingurube zakira virusi bigatuma abantu banduza virusi. Ibi byatumye havuka abantu 265 banduye encephalite, muri bo 105 bakaviramo urupfu. Uru rugero rutanga isomo ryingenzi ku ngaruka gutema amashyamba bishobora kugira ku buzima bwabantu. Urundi rugero rwo kwaguka kwatewe no gutema amashyamba nizindi ngaruka ziterwa na antropogenique zirimo imbeba ya Capybara muri Paraguay. [126] Iyi nzoka niyo yakira indwara nyinshi zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic kandi, mu gihe hataraboneka icyorezo cyatewe n'abantu bitewe no kwimuka kw'iyi nzoka mu turere dushya, itanga urugero rw'ukuntu kwangiza aho gutura binyuze mu gutema amashyamba ndetse no kugenda kw'ibinyabuzima nyuma. ni buri gihe. Ubu igitekerezo cyateye imbere kandi cyemewe na benshi ni uko iseswa rya virusi itera sida ryatewe byibuze igice bitewe no gutema amashyamba. Ubwiyongere bw'abaturage bwatumye ibiribwa bikenerwa, kandi gutema amashyamba bikingura uduce dushya tw’ishyamba, abahigi basaruye ibihuru byinshi by’ibihuru, bikekwa ko ari yo nkomoko ya virusi itera [[SIDA]]. [114] Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Indoneziya bwerekanye ko abakozi bo hanze bakoraga mu turere dushyuha no mu mashyamba aho kuba mu turere dushyuha kandi dusanzwe tw’amashyamba bahuye n’ubumuga bwo kutamenya no kwibuka bigaragara ko biterwa ahanini n’ubushyuhe bwinshi ibiti byari kubarinda. [127] Gutema amashyamba bigabanya amasaha meza yo gukora kubantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni mu turere dushyuha, cyane cyane ku bakora imirimo iremereye hanze. Biteganijwe ko gukomeza gushyuha ku isi no gutakaza amashyamba byongera izo ngaruka, bikagabanya amasaha y'akazi ku matsinda atishoboye kurushaho. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation] dn6ubcqlfntjnfsuxzsca7kfhk2y42d 0 14158 138835 137090 2026-09-17T13:33:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138835 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mushroom, Name Unknown... - Flickr - nekonomania.jpg|thumb|180x180px|Umugina wibihumyo]] [[Dosiye:Pleurotus ostreatus 98857466.jpg|thumb|Ibihumyo]] [[Dosiye:Umugina1.jpg|thumb|Umugina|116x116px]] [[Dosiye:Umugina 1.jpg|thumb|umugina|178x178px]] [[Dosiye:Umugina w'imiswa.jpg|thumb|105x105px|Umuswa]] [[Dosiye:Umugina2.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Aho Imiswa itura.jpg|thumb|umugina]] Umugina ni uruvange rw’ibyatsi biseye babibamo umwayi bikamara iminsi 40 kugeza kuri 45 bibitse ahantu habugenewe kugirango ube ugeze igihe cyo guhingwa.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ubuhinzi-bw-ibihumyo-burimo-inyungu-kandi-ku-buso-buto-ubuhamya</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://noticefax.com/posts/Ubuhinzi-bw%27ibihumyo-1650373792 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-23 |archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223060345/https://noticefax.com/posts/Ubuhinzi-bw%27ibihumyo-1650373792 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibigize Umugina == Mu gukora umugina hifashishwa ibyatsi birimo urubingo, ibigorigori, ibitiritiri, ibishogoshogo by’ingano, iby’umuceri, iby’uburo, iby’ibishyimbo, ibikatsi n’ibikongorwa by’ibisheke n’ibikenyeri by’amasaka. Hifashishwa kandi ifumbire mvaruganda (Urea); Ishwagara n’imashini eshatu harimo isya ibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru, ibivanga ndetse n’ishyira imvange mu mashashi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/ambasaderi-wang-xuekun-yagaragaje-uko-ibihumyo-bishobora-gufasha-mu-kurandura</ref> == Umugina mwiza uwubwirwa n’iki? == Mbere yo kugura umugina, ni ngombwa kugenzura niba ari mwiza. Umugina mwiza ni uweze (wuzuye), wererana, udafite uburwayi cyangwa indi nenge. Uburwayi bw'umugina bugaragazwa n’ibara ry’icyatsi cyangwa se iry’umukara. Umugina ufite aya mabara umuhinzi akwiye kuwurinda kuko unawuteye utakwera ibihumyo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/abahinzi-bibihumyo-bari-guhugurwa-ku-buhinzi-butanga-umusaruro-utubutse/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-23 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221124547/https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/abahinzi-bibihumyo-bari-guhugurwa-ku-buhinzi-butanga-umusaruro-utubutse/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Umugina mwiza urangwa no kwera cyane.Ukera ibihumyo byinshi.kandi binini.umugina mwiza ni ingirakamaro .kubantu bawuhinze Bose.mu Rwanda ibihumyo bigura amafaranga menshi == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] fhf472him1xs3czvqux82xny0r4skn3 0 14174 138915 98967 2026-09-17T21:23:44Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138915 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigega cy’u Rwanda cyita ku bidukikije (FONERWA) ku bufatanye na Guverinoma y’u Budage, bamuritse ikigega kiswe ‘Intego’, kizatera inkunga imishinga ya Leta igamije kubungabunga ibidukikije. == Intego == Iki kigega (Intego - Rwanda’s NDC Facility) cyatangiranye miliyoni €46 (miliyari 53Frw), zizafasha mu mishinga iri mu byiciro bitandukanye nk’ubuhinzi bugezweho burengera ikirere, gufata neza ubutaka no gutera amashyamba, kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, imikoreshereze myiza y’umutungo kamere w’amazi no gutuza abantu n’iterambere ry’imijyi ku buryo burambye. Harimo kandi ubwikorezi butangiza ikirere kandi burambye, ingufu zisubira no gukoresha ibicanwa mu buryo buhamye no kwirinda ibiza no gucunga ingaruka zabyo. Iki kigega cyatangijwe kuri uyu wa Kabiri tariki 14 Gashyantare 2023, mu gikorwa cyitabiriwe na Minisitiri w’ibidukikije Dr. Mujawamariya Jeanne d’Arc, Minisitiri w’Ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi Kayisire Marie Solange na Ambasaderi w’u Budage mu Rwanda Dr. Thomas Kurz. NDC Facility/Intego ni gahunda yashyizweho yo gutera inkunga imishinga irengera ibidukikije iturutse mu bigo bya Leta, hashingiwe ku ruhare Leta y’u Rwanda yiyemeje mu guhangana n’ingaruka y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere (NDCs), ibinyujije muri FONERWA. Guverinoma y’u Budage ibinyujije muri Banki yayo itsura amajyambere, KfW, yiyemeje gushyigikira ibikorwa bya NDC Facility/Intego itanga inkunga ya miliyoni € 46. Imishinga izakirwa ni iturutse mu bigo bya Leta, igamije gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga yo kubaka ubudahangarwa ku ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kugabanya inyotsi yoherezwa mu kirere ishobora kucyangiza. Uyu mushinga uje nyuma y’uko u Rwanda rwiyemeje gushyiraho ibikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu nama ya COP27 yabaye mu 2022, bizafasha mu kugabanya ubwiyongere bw’ubushyuhe ku Isi kuri 38%, bizagabanya nibura toni miliyoni 4.6 z’imyuka ya carbone. == Minisitiri Dr. Mujawamariya == Yavuze ko iki kigega kigamije gushora amafaranga mu mishinga ihari, ariko by’umwihariko igamije kurengera ibidukikije no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Ati "Ibigo bya Leta na za minisiteri birasabwa kwandika imishinga izahabwa ubufasha buturutse mu kigenga ‘Intego’. Dukeneye imishinga izadufasha kutugeza kuri ya ntego twihaye nk’igihugu kizaba gifite ubudahangarwa ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe." Imiryango itari iya Leta ntiyemerewe kuzana imbanzirizamishinga muri iki kigega. Abazatanga imishinga bazasabwa kugaragaza umushinga kuri FONERWA binyuze ku rubuga rwayo, buri wese akerekana imiterere y’umushinga we, inyungu zitezwe n’uburyo urengeramo ibidukikije. == Umuyobozi wa FONERWA, Teddy Mugabo == Yatangaje ko imishinga izatangwa izitonderwa, ikaba ari imishinga ihoraho kandi izabasha guhanga imirimo mu banyarwanda. Ati "Mu guhitamo imishinga izaterwa inkunga tuzareba niba izabasha guhanga imirimo ku mpande zitandukanye yaba ku bagabo, [[Umugore|abagore]] n’urubyiruko muri rusange, ndetse no kuba izaba inafite ireme mu gukomeza gukora bitari imyaka ibiri gusa." Imishinga yatoranijwe izahabwa inkunga idashobora kujya munsi ya miliyari 1 Frw ariko atarenze miliyari 5 Frw. Ayo mafaranga agomba gukoreshwa mu gihe kiri hagati y’umwaka umwe n’imyaka itatu n’igice. Ku rundi ruhande, Ambasaderi w’u Budage mu Rwanda Dr. Thomas Kurz yagaragaje ko gutera inkunga u Rwanda byavuye ku kuba ari igihugu gishyize imbere ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije. Yanagaragaje ko mu rugamba rwo kurengera ibidukikije hakerwa ubufatanye bw’inzego zose, asaba abikorera kongera imbaraga mu guhanga imirimo mishya, ariko banita ku kurengera ibidukikije. Mu gihe iki kigega gishya kizibanda ku mishinga ya Leta, u Rwanda nk’igihugu kiri mu rugamba rwo kurengera ibidukikije rwaherukaga gutangiza ikigega cyiswe Ireme Invest kizatera inkunga imishinga y’abikorera. Ni ikigega cyo cyamurikiwe muri Sharm el Sheikh mu [[Misiri]], mu nama mpuzamahanga yiga ku guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, COP27 cyashowemo arenga miliyari 100 Frw. == H.E. Perezida Kagame == [[Dosiye:Rwandan_President_Paul_Kagame.jpg|thumb|Rwandan President Paul Kagame]] Ubwo yatangizaga iki kigega, Perezida Kagame yavuze ko iyi ari intambwe ikomeye ku Rwanda, ashimagira ko kugendana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe bisaba impinduka mu buryo ibihugu bikora ndetse bikoresha ibijyanye n’ingufu, kugeza no ku byo abantu barya n’uburyo bihingwa. Yakomeje ati "Ikigega Ireme Invest kibumbatiye intego u Rwanda rwihaye kugira ngo rubashe kugera ku musaruro ufatika uganisha ku bukungu butangiza ibidukikije, binyuze mu bufatanye bwa Leta n’abikorera mu nzego zitandukanye." == Ibindi == Iki kigega kizafasha mu gutera inkunga imishinga y’abikorera, kizafasha mu guhanga imirimo 367,000 mu bikorwa birengera ibidukikije, bikazakumira iyoherezwa mu kirere rya toni 1,32 y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere. == Reba == <ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/u-rwanda-rwatangije-ikigega-cya-miliyari-53-frw-kizafasha-imishinga-irengera</ref> ruq0er5cojxa4q16ifyba8yrgzmrtvm 0 14226 138637 120222 2026-09-17T12:11:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138637 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GT Winching strop around base of lodged Birch trunk.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba ry'ibisi bya Huye|193x193px]] [[Dosiye:Butare - Flickr - Dave Proffer (1).jpg|thumb|ishyamba rya huye|155x155px]] [[Dosiye:Ishyamba rya Green Gicumbi.jpg|left|thumb]] == Intangiriro == Kuba ishyamba rya Leta ry’ibisi bya Huye rikomeje kwangirika byatumye inama y’umutekano yaguye y’[[akarere ka Nyamagabe]] yongera gusaba ubufatanye bw’abaturage n’ubuyobozi kugira ngo iri yangizwa rihagarare.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/nyamagabe-iyangirika-ry-ishyamba-ry-ibisi-bya-huye-ryagarutsweho-mu-nama-y</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Huye-Ishyamba-ryibisi-bya-Huye-risa-nkirisigaye-kwizina</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/huye-biyemeje-gutabara-ishyamba-ryibisi-bya-huye.hmtl?nocache=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-23 |archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223110321/https://ar.umuseke.rw/huye-biyemeje-gutabara-ishyamba-ryibisi-bya-huye.hmtl?nocache=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aho riri == Ubusanzwe ishyamba ry’ibisi bya Huye ribarizwa mu turere dutatu aritwo [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]], [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyaruguru]] na [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]]. Iyo misozi irenga niyo Ibisi bya Huye biriho amashyamba ya Leta yangizwa ku ruhande rwa Nyamagabe.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/Abangiza-ishyamba-ry-Ibisi-bya-Huye-bahagurukiwe</ref> [[Dosiye:Rwandan Amazing forest.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba|144x144px]] == Ishyamba == Hashize igihe kirenga umwaka ishyamba ry’ibisi bya Huye ryangizwa ku buryo bukomeye, aho abantu bazwi ku izina ry’ibihazi batemamo ibiti, bagatwikiramo amakara, hakiyongeraho n’ibikorwa by’urugomo bakorera umuntu wese ushaka kubabuza.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyiga]] g7gm5ycilv197kisrfzreeqlap6qa71 0 14241 138587 110858 2026-09-17T12:04:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138587 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cattle keeping cool by the river - geograph.org.uk - 6487445.jpg|thumb|Urwuri|160x160px]][[Dosiye:Icyarire.jpg|thumb|Urwuri|168x168px]] [[Dosiye:LIVESTOCK KEEPING TANZANIA.jpg|thumb|168x168px|Urwuri rugari]] [[Dosiye:Keeping tabs on cows - geograph.org.uk - 408914.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Inka zororerwa murwuri ]] [[Dosiye:Domestic Livestock keeping Tanzania.jpg|thumb|176x176px|Umworozi murwuri]] Inama idasanzwe iyi komisiyo yagiranye n’aborozi bo mu turere twa Gatsibo, Kayonza, Kirehe na Nyagatare, harebwa ibyavuye mu isuzuma iyo komisiyo yakoze ku mikoreshereze y’inzuri muri utwo turere, inama yabaye kuwa kane 26 Nzeri. == Ibyo wamenya kunzuri mu ntara y'Uburasirazuba == Ni inzuri zatanzwe mu gihe cy’isaranganya ry’ubutaka mu ntara y’Uburasirazuba, aho yatanze inzuri 9,400.Muri iryo genzura hasuwe inzuri 251. Muri zo, komisiyo yasanze hari inzuri 107 zikoreye ariko zitabyazwa umusaruro, n’izindi 144 zidakoreye.Kuba urwuri rukoreye bivuga ko ruba rutarangwamo ibihuru, ruzitiye, rurimo amazi yo kuhira amatungo, kandi ruteye ku buryo bubungabunga ibidukikije.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/uburasirazuba-inzuri-zizageza-muri-gashyantare-2020-zidakoreye-bene-zo-bazazamburwa</ref>Hafashwe imyanzuro kandi yo gushyiraho komite (imboni z’ubworozi) zo guhwiturana aborozi muri buri mudugudu, ndetse aborozi banasabwa kwirinda gukoresha abana mu nzuri.komisiyo kandi ivuga ko nyuma yo kugenzura imikoreshereze y’inzuri, hafashwe imyanzuro irimo no kuba inzuri zizaba zidakoreye kugeza muri Gashyantare umwaka utaha wa 2020 zizasubizwa Leta, kwirinda kugurisha ubutaka bwasaranganyijwe, gukorera hamwe hagamijwe guteza imbere igice inzuri ziherereyemo, kwegera abateza ibibazo badakorera inzuri bakagirwa inama, abinangiye bagafatirwa ibyemezo.<ref name=":0" /> == Gutekerezwa kuba Inzuri zititaweho bazamburwa == Bavugako Ubutaka buke dufite mu Rwanda, ntabwo twakwemera ko hari ubutabyazwa umusaruro. Bigomba guhinduka, kandi ntibyahinduka tutagiye mu mategeko. Abafite ubutaka bahawe na komisiyo, bugomba kubyazwa umusaruro byanze bikunze, bitaba amategeko agakurikizwa.Ntabwo bari bwongere gutegereza, bifuza ko biba. Kugira urwuri wahawe ukaba utarubyaza umusaruro ni agahomamunwa.<ref name=":0" />Minisitiri kandi yasabye aborozi gukora ubworozi butanga umusaruro, kuko intara y’Uburasirazuba ari nini kandi ikaba irimo inka nyinshi, bityo ko nta mpamvu n’imwe bafite yo kutabona umusaruro ukomoka ku bworozi ushimishije. == Icyo Aborozi Babivugaho == Umwe mu borozi bororera mu karere ka Gatsibo, avuga ko kuba hari aborozi batereranye inzuri bahawe ntibazikorere ngo zibyare umusaruro ari ubujiji, kuko urwuri ubusanzwe rubyarira umusaruro uwaruhawe mbere y’abandi.Ku ruhande rumwe ni ubujiji, kuko urwuri baba baruhaye umuntu ngo rumutunge, hanyuma igihugu na cyo kibyungukiremo. Iyo bigenze bityo rero ari we ntacyo akuramo, n’igihugu ntacyo kibona.<ref name=":0" />Aborozi kandi bavuga ko n’ubwo bigoye gukorera urwuri rwari rwaratereranwe rugasubira ku murongo bigoye, ariko ko nibabishyiraho umutima bizagerwaho. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] cse54d9eux67s7ys2rw3luy4viniz0b 0 14244 138907 136025 2026-09-17T21:18:33Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138907 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Children hands up.jpg|thumb|289x289px]] '''Uburenganzira bw'abana''' cyangwa '''uburenganzira bw'abana ni agace k'uburenganzira bwa muntu''' hitawe cyane cyane ku burenganzira bwo kurengera no kwita ku bana bato. [1] Amasezerano yo mu 1989 yerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana (CRC) asobanura ko umwana ari "umuntu uwo ari we wese uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n'umunani, keretse iyo amategeko akurikizwa ku mwana, benshi babigeraho mbere." [2] Uburenganzira bw'abana bukubiyemo uburenganzira bwabo gufatanya n'ababyeyi bombi, indangamuntu kimwe n'ibikenerwa by'ibanze mu kurinda umubiri, ibiryo, uburezi buhembwa na Leta, ubuvuzi, n'amategeko mpanabyaha akwiranye n'imyaka n'iterambere ry'umwana, kurengera kimwe uburenganzira bw'umwana, n'umudendezo wo kuvangura hashingiwe ku bwoko bw'umwana, igitsina, icyerekezo cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina, indangamuntu, inkomoko y'igihugu, idini, ubumuga, ibara, ubwoko, cyangwa ibindi biranga. [[Dosiye:CHILD-RIGHTS-PROGRAMME.jpg|thumb|CHILD-RIGHTS]] = ''Gusobanura uburenganzira'' = [[Dosiye:ECDs_2023_Rwanda_Mountain_Tea_Ltd_30.jpg|thumb|Children ]] [[Dosiye:Ugandan Children during traditional dance.jpg|thumb|Abana bafite uburenganzira bwo gukina.|290x290px]] ''Uburenganzira bw'abana'' bitangirira ku kwemerera abana ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikorwa byigenga kugeza ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'abana badafite ihohoterwa ku mubiri, mu bwenge no mu marangamutima, nubwo icyo ari cyo "ihohoterwa" ari ikibazo cy'impaka. Ibindi bisobanuro birimo uburenganzira bwo kwita no kurera. Nta bisobanuro by'andi magambo akoreshwa mu gusobanura urubyiruko nka "ingimbi", "ingimbi", cyangwa "urubyiruko" mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, [4] ariko umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'abana ufatwa nk'utandukanye n'umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'urubyiruko. Urwego rw'uburenganzira bw'abana rurimo amategeko, politiki, idini, n'imyitwarire. === Gutsindishirizwa === Umuhungu ukora nka "umuhungu w'isaha" mumihanda ya Merida, Mexico Hariho amategeko menshi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, haba mu masezerano ndetse n <nowiki>''</nowiki> amategeko yoroshye ', haba muri rusange no ku mwana, yemera imiterere itandukanye n’ibisabwa abana. [Abana], bitewe n’intege nke zabo n’akamaro kabo nk’igihe kizaza, bafite uburenganzira bwo kuvurwa bidasanzwe muri rusange, kandi, mu bihe by’akaga, bagashyirwa imbere mu kubona ubufasha n’uburinzi. - Jenny Kuper, Amategeko mpuzamahanga yerekeye abasivili b'abana mu ntambara yitwaje intwaro (1997, Itangazamakuru rya Clarendon) Nkabana bato n amategeko, abana ntibafite ubwigenge cyangwa uburenganzira bwo kwifatira ibyemezo ubwabo mubutegetsi buzwi bwisi. Ahubwo abarezi babo bakuze, barimo ababyeyi, abashinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage, abarimu, abakozi b'urubyiruko, n'abandi, bahabwa ubwo bubasha, bitewe n'ibihe. Bamwe bemeza ko iyi miterere iha abana ubushobozi budahagije ku mibereho yabo kandi bigatuma batagira intege nke. Louis Althusser yageze aho asobanura iyi mashini zemewe n'amategeko, kuko zireba abana, nk "" ibikoresho bya leta bikandamiza ". Inzego nka politiki ya leta zakozwe na bamwe mu batanga ibitekerezo kugira ngo bahishe uburyo abantu bakuru bahohotera no gukoresha abana, bikaviramo ubukene bw'abana, kubura amahirwe yo kwiga, n'imirimo ikoreshwa abana. Kuri iki gitekerezo, abana bagomba gufatwa nkitsinda rito abantu bakeneye kugira ngo bongere gutekereza ku myitwarire yabo. == Ubushakashatsi == '''Abashakashatsi bagaragaje''' ko abana bakeneye kumenyekana nk'abagize uruhare muri sosiyete bafite uburenganzira n'inshingano bigomba kumenyekana mu myaka yose. Ibisobanuro byamateka byuburenganzira bwabana Umukobwa wa Farawo agirira impuhwe Mose mu gitebo kireremba. (Abana b'Abaheburayo bari barategetswe kwicwa na se.) [[Dosiye:Sir William Blackstone from NPG.jpg|thumb|Sir William Blackstone.]] Sir William Blackstone (1765-9) yemeye imirimo itatu y'ababyeyi ku mwana: kubungabunga, kurinda, no kwiga. Mu mvugo igezweho, umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kubakira kubabyeyi. Umuryango w’ibihugu wemeje Itangazo ry’i Jeneve ry’uburenganzira bw’umwana (1924), ryagaragaje uburenganzira bw’umwana bwo kubona ibisabwa kugira ngo akure neza, uburenganzira bw’umwana ushonje kugaburirwa, uburenganzira bw’umwana urwaye bwo kubona ubuzima ubwitonzi, uburenganzira bw'umwana wasigaye gusubizwa, uburenganzira bw'imfubyi zo kubamo, n'uburenganzira bwo gukingirwa gukoreshwa. Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu (1948) mu ngingo ya 25 (2) ryemeje ko umubyeyi n’umwana akeneye "kurengera no gufashwa bidasanzwe" n’uburenganzira bw’abana bose "kurengera imibereho". Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yemeje Itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku burenganzira bw’umwana (1959), ryashyizeho amahame icumi yo kurengera uburenganzira bw’abana, harimo n’uburenganzira rusange, uburenganzira bwo kurindwa bidasanzwe, n’uburenganzira bwo gukingirwa ivangura. , mu bundi burenganzira. Ubwumvikane buke mu gusobanura uburenganzira bw’abana bwarushijeho kugaragara mu myaka mirongo itanu ishize. Igitabo cyo mu 1973 cyanditswe na Hillary Clinton (icyo gihe wari umwunganira) cyavuze ko uburenganzira bw'abana ari "interuro ikeneye ibisobanuro". Nk’uko abashakashatsi bamwe babivuga, igitekerezo cy’uburenganzira bw’abana ntikirasobanurwa neza, byibuze umwe avuga ko nta bisobanuro byemewe cyangwa inyigisho imwe y’uburenganzira ifitwe n’abana. [16] Amategeko y’uburenganzira bw’abana asobanurwa nk ingingo aho amategeko ahuza ubuzima bwumwana. Ibyo bikubiyemo ubugizi bwa nabi bw’abana, inzira ikwiye ku bana bagize uruhare mu butabera mpanabyaha, kubahagararira bikwiye, na serivisi zita ku buzima busanzwe; kwita no kurengera abana barera leta; kwita ku burezi ku bana bose hatitawe ku bwoko bwabo, igitsina, icyerekezo cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina, indangamuntu, inkomoko y'igihugu, idini, ubumuga, ibara, ubwoko, cyangwa ibindi biranga, kandi; ubuvuzi no kunganira. = Ibyiciro = '''Abana bafite ubwoko bubiri bwuburenganzira''' bwa muntu hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Bafite uburenganzira rusange bw’ikiremwamuntu nk’abantu bakuru, nubwo uburenganzira bwa muntu, nk’uburenganzira bwo gushyingirwa, businzira kugeza bageze mu za bukuru, Icya kabiri, bafite uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bukenewe mu kubarinda mu gihe gito. ] Uburenganzira rusange bukorera mu bwana burimo uburenganzira bw’umutekano w’umuntu, umudendezo wo gufatwa nabi n’ubumuntu, ubugome, cyangwa gutesha agaciro, n’uburenganzira bwo kurindwa bidasanzwe mu bwana. By'umwihariko uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’abana harimo, mu bindi burenganzira, uburenganzira bwo kubaho, uburenganzira ku izina, uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo bye mu bibazo bireba umwana, uburenganzira bwo kwisanzura mu bitekerezo, umutimanama n’idini, uburenganzira bwo kwivuza , uburenganzira bwo gukingirwa mu bukungu no mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, n'uburenganzira bwo kwiga. '''Uburenganzira bw'abana busobanurwa''' muburyo butandukanye, harimo n'uburenganzira butandukanye bw'abaturage, politiki, ubukungu, imibereho myiza n'umuco. Uburenganzira bukunda kuba muburyo bubiri: abunganira abana nkabantu bigenga bakurikiza amategeko nabatanga ikirego muri societe kugirango bakingire ibibi byakorewe abana kubera ko batunzwe. Ibi byashyizweho nk'uburenganzira bwo kongererwa imbaraga n'uburenganzira bwo kurindwa. Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryigisha abana ryashyize mu bikorwa uburenganzira buvugwa mu Masezerano y’uburenganzira bw’umwana nka "3 Zab": Gutanga, Kurengera, no Kugira uruhare. Bashobora gusobanurwa gutya: Ibiteganijwe: Abana bafite uburenganzira bwo kubaho neza, ubuzima, uburezi na serivisi, no gukina no kwidagadura. Ibi birimo indyo yuzuye, uburiri bushyushye bwo kuryama, no kubona amashuri. Kurinda: Abana bafite uburenganzira bwo kurinda ihohoterwa, kutitabwaho, gukoreshwa no kuvangura. Ibi birimo uburenganzira bwahantu hizewe abana bakinira; imyubakire yubaka abana yubaka, no kwemeza ubushobozi bwabana. = Uburenganzira = Abana bafite uburenganzira bwo kwitabira abaturage kandi bafite gahunda na serivisi ubwabo. Ibi birimo uruhare rwabana mumasomero na gahunda zabaturage, ibikorwa byijwi ryurubyiruko, no kugira uruhare mubana nkabafata ibyemezo. Mu buryo busa, umuyoboro mpuzamahanga uharanira uburenganzira bw'umwana (CRIN) ushyira uburenganzira mu matsinda abiri: [22] [23] Uburenganzira mu bukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco, bujyanye n’ibihe bikenewe kugira ngo abantu babone ibyo bakeneye nk’ibiribwa, aho kuba, uburezi, ubuvuzi, n’akazi keza. Harimo n'uburenganzira ku burezi, amazu ahagije, ibiryo, amazi, urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubuzima rushoboka, uburenganzira bwo gukora n’uburenganzira ku kazi, ndetse n’uburenganzira bw’umuco bw’abantu bake n’abasangwabutaka. Uburenganzira ku bidukikije, umuco n’iterambere, rimwe na rimwe byitwa "uburenganzira bwo mu gisekuru cya gatatu", kandi harimo n’uburenganzira bwo gutura ahantu hizewe kandi hafite ubuzima bwiza kandi ko amatsinda y’abantu afite uburenganzira bwo kwiteza imbere mu muco, politiki, n’ubukungu. Amnesty International iharanira ku mugaragaro uburenganzira bune bw’abana, harimo no guhagarika ifungwa ry’abana bato nta gufungurwa by’agateganyo, guhagarika kwinjiza mu gisirikare abana, kurangiza igihano cy’urupfu ku bantu bari munsi y’imyaka 21, no gukangurira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu ishuri. ] Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu Human Rights Watch, urimo imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana, ubutabera bw’abana, impfubyi n’abana batereranywe, impunzi, abana bo mu muhanda n’ibihano by’umubiri. Kwiga intiti muri rusange byibanda kuburenganzira bwabana muguhitamo uburenganzira bwa buri muntu. Uburenganzira bukurikira "butuma abana bakura neza kandi bafite umudendezo": [ukurikije nde?] [24] '''Ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga''' '''Ubwisanzure mu bitekerezo''' '''Umudendezo wo gutinya''' '''Ubwisanzure bwo guhitamo n'uburenganzira bwo gufata ibyemezo''' '''Gutunga umubiri wawe''' '''Uburenganzira bw'umubiri''' Raporo ya komite ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage, ubuzima, n’iterambere rirambye ry’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Inama y’Uburayi yagaragaje ibice byinshi Komite yari ihangayikishijwe, harimo n’uburyo nka "gutema igitsina gore, gukebwa ku bahungu bato kubera impamvu z’idini, kwivuza hakiri kare mu bwana mu bijyanye n’abana bahuje ibitsina no kuyoboka cyangwa guhatira abana mu gutobora, kwishushanya cyangwa kubaga plastique ". Inteko yemeje imyanzuro idahwitse mu 2013 isaba ibihugu 47 bigize uyu muryango gufata ingamba nyinshi zo guteza imbere ubusugire bw’umubiri bw’abana. Ingingo ya 19 ya amasezerano y’uburenganzira bw’umwana ategeka amashyaka "gufata ingamba zose zikwiye zishinga amategeko, iz'ubutegetsi, imibereho myiza n’uburezi kugira ngo arinde umwana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose ry’umubiri cyangwa ryo mu mutwe, gukomeretsa cyangwa guhohoterwa, kutita ku bintu cyangwa kwirengagiza, gufata nabi cyangwa gukoreshwa nabi". Komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’umwana isobanura ingingo ya 19 ibuza ibihano by’umubiri, igira icyo ivuga ku "nshingano z’ibihugu byose kwihutira kubuza no gukuraho ibihano byose by’umubiri." [28] Komite y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu nayo yasobanuye ingingo 7 mu Masezerano Mpuzamahanga yerekeye Uburenganzira bwa Muntu na Politiki abuza "gufata nabi cyangwa guhohotera, ubumuntu cyangwa gutesha agaciro" ibihano ku bana, harimo no guhana abana ku mubiri. Newell (1993) yavuze ko "... igitutu cyo kurengera ubusugire bw’umubiri bw’abana kigomba kuba kimwe mu bigize igitutu cy’uburenganzira bw’abana." [30] Komite ishinzwe ibinyabuzima byo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku bana (AAP) (1997), ishingiye ku Masezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana (1989), yemeza ko "buri mwana agomba kugira amahirwe yo gukura no kwiteza imbere nta burwayi cyangwa ibikomere byakumirwa. "[31] == Ibindi == , kugura inzoga, gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, cyangwa gukora akazi gahembwa. Mu muryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'urubyiruko, bemeza ko itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati y’uburenganzira bw’abana n’uburenganzira bw’urubyiruko ari uko abaharanira uburenganzira bw’abana muri rusange bashyigikira ishyirwaho n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uburinzi bw’abana n’urubyiruko, mu gihe uburenganzira bw’urubyiruko (umuryango muto cyane) rushyigikira kwaguka y'ubwisanzure ku bana na / cyangwa urubyiruko n'uburenganzira nko gutora. Ububasha bw'ababyeyi == Reba kandi == === Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi === Ababyeyi bahabwa imbaraga zihagije zo gusohoza inshingano zabo ku mwana. Ababyeyi bigira ingaruka mubuzima bwabana muburyo budasanzwe, kandi nkuruhare rwabo muburenganzira bwabana rugomba gutandukanywa muburyo runaka. Ibibazo by’umwihariko mu mibanire y’abana n’ababyeyi harimo kutita ku bana, guhohotera abana, umudendezo wo guhitamo, igihano cy’umubiri no kurera abana. [33] Hariho ibitekerezo byatanzwe biha ababyeyi ibikorwa bishingiye ku burenganzira bikemura amakimbirane hagati y’uburere rusange n’uburenganzira bw’abana. Iki kibazo kirakenewe cyane cyane mu manza zigira ingaruka ku irekurwa ry’abana bato, ndetse no mu gihe abana barega ababyeyi babo. Uburenganzira bw'umwana ku mibanire n'ababyeyi babo bombi buragenda bumenyekana nk'ikintu gikomeye cyo kumenya inyungu z'umwana mu gutandukana no kurera abana. Guverinoma zimwe na zimwe zashyizeho amategeko ashyiraho igitekerezo kidashidikanywaho ko kurera abana ari inyungu z’abana. Imipaka yububasha bwababyeyi Ababyeyi ntabwo bafite imbaraga zuzuye kubana babo. Ababyeyi bagengwa n'amategeko mpanabyaha abuza gutererana, guhohoterwa, no kutita ku bana. Amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu ateganya ko kwerekana idini ry’umuntu bishobora kugarukira mu nyungu z’umutekano rusange, kurengera umutekano rusange, ubuzima cyangwa imyitwarire, cyangwa kurengera uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure by’abandi. [19] [38] Inkiko zashyizeho izindi mbibi kububasha nibikorwa byababyeyi. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwo muri Amerika, mu rubanza rw'igikomangoma aburana na Massachusetts, rwemeje ko idini ry'ababyeyi ritemerera umwana gushyira mu kaga. Ba nyir'ubujurire mu Bisanzwe basanze, ku bijyanye na Gillick na West Norfolk na Wisbech Area Health Authority n'ikindi, ko uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi bugabanuka uko imyaka igenda yiyongera ndetse n'ubushobozi bw'umwana, ariko ntibicike burundu kugeza igihe umwana azaba ageze ku bwinshi. Uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi bukomoka ku nshingano z'ababyeyi ku mwana. Mugihe adafite inshingano, nta burenganzira bwababyeyi bubaho. [40] [41] Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Kanada rwemeje, ku byerekeye E (Madamu) na Eva, ko ababyeyi badashobora gutanga uburenganzira bwo gusambanya uburenganzira bwo kuboneza urubyaro. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Kanada rwemeje, mu rubanza B. (R.) aburana na Sosiyete ifasha abana ba Metropolitan Toronto: [43] Mu gihe nta gushidikanya ko abana bungukirwa n'Amasezerano, cyane cyane mu kurengera uburenganzira bwabo ku buzima no ku mutekano w'umuntu wabo, ntibashobora kwemeza ubwo burenganzira, kandi sosiyete yacu rero ivuga ko ababyeyi bazakoresha umudendezo wabo wo guhitamo mu buryo. ibyo bitabangamira uburenganzira bw'abana babo. Adler (2013) avuga ko ababyeyi badahawe ububasha bwo gutanga uburenganzira bwo gusiramura abana badakoresheje imiti. Kwimuka === Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwabana === Reba kandi: Igihe cyuburenganzira bwurubyiruko mubwongereza hamwe nigihe cyuburenganzira bwurubyiruko muriLeta zunz'ubumwe Igitabo cyasohowe mu 1796 cy’uburenganzira bw’impinja cya Thomas Spence kiri mu byanditswe mbere y’icyongereza byerekana uburenganzira bw’abana. Mu kinyejana cya 20, abaharanira uburenganzira bw'abana bateguye uburenganzira bw'abana batagira aho baba ndetse n'uburere rusange. Igitabo 1927 cyasohowe n’uburenganzira bw’umwana cyubahwa na Janusz Korczak cyashimangiye [[ubuvanganzo]] bukikije umurima, kandi uyu munsi imiryango mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga irakora ku isi hose mu rwego rwo guteza imbere uburenganzira bw’abana. Mu Bwongereza hashyizweho umuryango w’abashinzwe uburezi, abarimu, abashinzwe ubutabera mu rubyiruko, abanyapolitiki n’abaterankunga b’umuco witwa Ibitekerezo bishya mu nama y’uburezi [44] (1914–37) byashimangiye agaciro ko 'kubohora umwana' kandi bifasha mu gusobanura ishuri ryibanze 'ryiza' mu Bwongereza kugeza muri za 80. Inama zabo zashishikarije umuryango UNESCO, Uburezi bushya. A.S. Igitabo cya Neill cyo mu 1915 cyitwa A Dominie's Log (1915), cyanditswe n’umuyobozi w’ishuri ahindura ishuri rye rishingiye ku kwibohora n’ibyishimo by’umwana, dushobora kubibona nkigicuruzwa cy’umuco cyishimira intwari z’uyu mutwe. === Abatavuga rumwe na leta === Kurwanya uburenganzira bw'abana kuva kera byerekana ko ibintu byose bigenda bigaragara muri sosiyete, hakaba haranditswe inyandiko zerekeye uburenganzira bw'abana bo mu kinyejana cya 13 na mbere yaho. Abatavuga rumwe n'uburenganzira bw'abana bemeza ko urubyiruko rugomba kurindwa isi ikuze, harimo ibyemezo n'inshingano by'iyo si. Muri societe yiganjemo abantu bakuru, ubwana bwifuzwa nkigihe cyo kuba umwere, igihe kitarangwamo inshingano namakimbirane, nigihe cyiganjemo gukina. Abenshi mu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bakomoka ku mpungenge zishingiye ku busugire bw’igihugu, uburenganzira bw’ibihugu, umubano w’ababyeyi n’umwana. Haravuzwe kandi imbogamizi z’amafaranga n '"indangagaciro zishingiye ku muco gakondo zirwanya uburenganzira bw’abana". Igitekerezo cy’uburenganzira bw’abana nticyitabweho cyane muri Amerika. Amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu Andi makuru: Gushimuta abana mpuzamahanga Ingingo nyamukuru: Itangazo ryuburenganzira bwumwana Itangazo mpuzamahanga ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu rifatwa nk’ifatizo ry’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bw’abana muri iki gihe. Hano hari amasezerano menshi namategeko yerekeye uburenganzira bwabana kwisi yose. Inyandiko nyinshi ziriho n’amateka zigira ingaruka kuri ubwo burenganzira, harimo n’itangazo ry’uburenganzira bw’umwana, [11] ryateguwe na Eglantyne Jebb mu 1923, ryemejwe n’umuryango w’ibihugu mu 1924 kandi ryongera gushimangirwa mu 1934. Hafashwe icyemezo cyagutse gato. n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye mu 1946, hakurikiraho verisiyo yagutse yemejwe n'Inteko rusange mu 1959. Nyuma yaje kuba ishingiro ry'amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw'umwana. == Amasezerano mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bwa muntu == [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] wemeje amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwa politiki (ICCPR) mu 1966. ICCPR n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ibihugu byinshi yemejwe cyangwa yemerwa n’ibihugu hafi ya byose ku isi. Ibihugu byahindutse ibihugu-by’amasezerano birasabwa kubahiriza no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwatanzwe n’amasezerano. Aya masezerano yatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 23 Werurwe 1976. Uburenganzira bwatanzwe na ICCPR ni rusange, bityo bukoreshwa kuri buri wese nta kurobanura kandi harimo n'abana. Nubwo abana bafite uburenganzira bwose, uburenganzira bumwe nkuburenganzira bwo gushyingirwa nuburenganzira bwo gutora butangira gukurikizwa ari uko umwana amaze gukura. '''Uburenganzira rusange bukoreshwa kubana harimo:''' '''uburenganzira bwo kubaho''' '''uburenganzira ku mutekano w'umuntu''' '''uburenganzira bwo kwidegembya''' '''uburenganzira bwo kwidegembya kubihohoterwa, ubumuntu cyangwa gutesha agaciro''' uburenganzira bwo gutandukana n'abantu bakuru iyo bakurikiranyweho icyaha, uburenganzira bwo guca imanza vuba, n'uburenganzira bwo kuvurwa bujyanye n'imyaka yabo [19] Ingingo ya 24 yerekana uburenganzira bw’umwana bwo kurindwa bidasanzwe kubera ubwinshi bwe, uburenganzira ku izina, n’uburenganzira ku bwenegihugu. Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana === Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bwumwana === Amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye yo mu 1989 yerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana, cyangwa CRC, ni cyo gitabo cya mbere cyemewe n'amategeko mu rwego rwo kwinjiza uburenganzira bwose bwa muntu - uburenganzira bw’abaturage, umuco, ubukungu, politiki ndetse n’imibereho. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo rikurikiranwa na komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bw'umwana. Guverinoma z'igihugu zemeza ko ziyemeje kurengera no guharanira uburenganzira bw'abana, kandi zemera ko zizabazwa ibyo ziyemeje imbere y'umuryango mpuzamahanga. CRC ni amasezerano yemejwe cyane n’uburenganzira bwa muntu yemejwe 196; Amerika nicyo gihugu cyonyine kitigeze kibyemeza. [53] CRC ishingiye ku mahame ane y'ingenzi: ihame ryo kutavangura; inyungu z'umwana; uburenganzira bwo kubaho, kubaho no kwiteza imbere; no gusuzuma ibitekerezo byumwana mu byemezo bibareba, ukurikije imyaka yabo n'ubukure bwabo. CRC, hamwe n’uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo kubazwa ibyaha nk’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha, inkiko za Yugosilaviya n’u Rwanda, n’urukiko rwihariye rwa Siyera Lewone, bivugwa ko byongereye cyane uburenganzira bw’abana ku isi hose. [55] === Itangazo rya Vienne na Gahunda y'ibikorwa === Itangazo na gahunda y'ibikorwa bya Vienne birasaba, mu gice cya II igika cya 47, ibihugu byose gufata ingamba ku buryo bushoboka bwose umutungo waboneka, ku nkunga y'ubutwererane mpuzamahanga, kugira ngo bigere ku ntego muri gahunda y'ibikorwa by'inama mpuzamahanga ku isi. Kandi irahamagarira ibihugu kwinjiza Amasezerano y’uburenganzira bw’umwana muri gahunda z’ibikorwa by’igihugu. Hifashishijwe iyi gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu kandi binyuze mu mbaraga mpuzamahanga, hagomba gushyirwaho cyane cyane kugabanya umubare w'abana bapfa bapfa bavuka n'ababyeyi, kugabanya imirire mibi no kutamenya gusoma no kwandika no kubona amazi meza yo kunywa ndetse n'uburezi bw'ibanze. Igihe cyose byasabwe, hakwiye gutegurwa gahunda y’ibikorwa by’igihugu kugira ngo irwanye ibihe byihutirwa bituruka ku mpanuka kamere n’amakimbirane yitwaje intwaro ndetse n’ikibazo gikomeye kimwe cy’abana bafite ubukene bukabije. Ikindi, igika cya 48 kirasaba ibihugu byose, ku nkunga y’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, gukemura ikibazo gikaze cy’abana mu bihe bigoye cyane. Gutoteza no guhohotera abana bigomba kurwanywa cyane, harimo no gukemura intandaro yabyo. Harasabwa ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya impinja z’umugore, imirimo mibi y’abana, kugurisha abana n’ingingo, uburaya bw’abana, porunogarafiya y’abana, n’ubundi buryo bwo gusambanya abana. Ibi byagize ingaruka ku iyemezwa rya Porotokole ku bushake ku ruhare rw’abana mu makimbirane yitwaje intwaro ndetse na protocole idahwitse ku igurishwa ry’abana, uburaya bw’abana na porunogarafiya y’abana. === Gushyira mu bikorwa === Imiryango itandukanye nuburyo bukoreshwa burahari kugirango uburenganzira bwabana bugerweho. Harimo Inteko ishinga amategeko y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe uburenganzira bw’abana. Yashyizweho hagamijwe guteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye no kubahiriza Amasezerano y’uburenganzira bw’umwana, no guharanira ko uburenganzira bw’umwana bwashyizwe imbere mu nama idasanzwe y’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe abana n’imyiteguro yayo. Akanama k'umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu kashyizweho "twizeye ko hashobora kuba intego, kwizerwa no gukora neza mu kwamagana ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu ku isi kuruta Komisiyo ishinzwe politiki y’uburenganzira bwa muntu." Itsinda ry’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta y’amasezerano y’uburenganzira bw’umwana ni ihuriro ry’imiryango mpuzamahanga itegamiye kuri Leta yashinzwe mu 1983 kugira ngo ryorohereze ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’umwana. === Amategeko y'igihugu === Ibihugu byinshi ku isi bifite uburenganzira bw’umuvunyi cyangwa abakomiseri b’abana bafite inshingano za leta, guhagararira inyungu z’abaturage mu gukora iperereza no gukemura ibibazo byatanzwe n’abaturage ku giti cyabo bijyanye n'uburenganzira bw'abana. Abavunyi b'abana barashobora kandi gukorera ikigo, ikinyamakuru, umuryango utegamiye kuri leta, ndetse no kubaturage muri rusange. === Amategeko ya Amerika === Andi makuru: Igihe cy’uburenganzira bw’urubyiruko muri Amerika, gushimuta abana mpuzamahanga muri Amerika, n’amategeko agenga imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana muri Amerika. Amerika yasinye ariko ntiyemeza CRC. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uburenganzira bwabana ntabwo bwashyizwe mubikorwa muri Amerika Muri rusange abana bahabwa uburenganzira bw'ibanze bukubiye mu Itegeko Nshinga, nk'uko biteganywa n'ivugururwa rya cumi na kane ry'Itegeko Nshinga rya Amerika. Ingingo yo Kurinda Kuringaniza y'iryo vugurura ni ukurikizwa ku bana, bavutse mu bashakanye cyangwa batabyaye, ariko ukuyemo abana bataravuka. Ibi byashimangiwe nicyemezo cyingenzi cyurukiko rwikirenga rwo muri Amerika rwa In re Gault (1967). Muri uru rubanza Gerald Gault w'imyaka 15 wo muri Arizona yajyanywe gufungwa n’abapolisi baho nyuma yo gushinjwa guhamagara kuri telefoni iteye isoni. Yarafunzwe kandi yiyemeza mu ishuri ry’inganda rya Leta ya Arizona kugeza ageze ku myaka 21 azira guhamagara telefoni iteye isoni umuturanyi ukuze. Mu cyemezo cya 8–1, Urukiko rwemeje ko mu iburanisha rishobora kuvamo kwiyemeza ikigo, abantu bari munsi y’imyaka 18 bafite uburenganzira bwo kubimenyesha no kunganirwa, kubaza abatangabuhamya, no kwirinda kwikomeretsa. Urukiko rwasanze uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu iburanisha rya Gault butujuje na kimwe muri ibyo bisabwa. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwo muri Amerika rwemeje mu rubanza rwa Tinker aburana na Des Moines Akarere k'ishuri ryigenga ry’abaturage (1969) ko abanyeshuri biga bafite uburenganzira bw'Itegeko Nshinga. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwo muri Amerika rwemeje mu rubanza Roper aburana na Simmons ko abantu badashobora kwicwa bazira ibyaha byakozwe igihe bari munsi y’imyaka cumi n'umunani. Rwemeje ko iyicwa nk'iryo ari igihano cy'ubugome kandi kidasanzwe, bityo ni ukurenga ku Ivugurura rya munani ry'Itegeko Nshinga rya Amerika. [60] Hariho izindi mpungenge muri Amerika zerekeye uburenganzira bw'abana. Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika bashinzwe kurera abana ryita ku burenganzira bw’abana ku miryango itekanye, ishyigikiwe kandi ihamye. Umwanya wabo ku burenganzira bw'abana mu manza zo kurera uvuga ko, "abana bafite uburenganzira bwo kwishyira ukizana bushingiye ku itegeko nshinga mu kurengera imiryango yabo yashinzwe, uburenganzira nibura bungana, kandi twizera ko burenze, uburenganzira bw'abandi basaba 'gutunga' 'inyungu muri aba bana. " Ibindi bibazo byavuzwe mu guharanira uburenganzira bw’abana muri Amerika harimo uburenganzira bw’abana bwo kuzungura mu bashakanye bahuje ibitsina ndetse n’uburenganzira bwihariye ku rubyiruko. === Amategeko y'Ubudage === Raporo yatanzwe na Perezida w’inama ya INGO y’Inama y’Uburayi, Annelise Oeschger isanga abana n’ababyeyi babo bakorerwa ihohoterwa ry’umuryango w’abibumbye, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na UNICEF. Ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane ni ikigo cy’Abadage (na Otirishiya), Jugendamt ([[Ikidage]]: Ibiro by’Urubyiruko) gikunze kurenganya kwemerera leta kutagenzura imibanire y’ababyeyi n’umwana, ibyo bikaba byaviriyemo ingaruka zirimo iyicarubozo, gutesha agaciro, gufata nabi ubugome kandi bikabaviramo urupfu rw'abana. Ikibazo kitoroshye nimbaraga "zitagira imipaka" z'abapolisi ba Jugendamt, nta nzira yo gusuzuma cyangwa gukemura imiti idakwiye cyangwa yangiza. Mu mategeko y’Ubudage, abapolisi ba Jugendamt (JA) barinzwe gukurikiranwa. Abayobozi ba JA igihe cyo kugenzura kigaragara mu manza zijya mu rukiko rw’umuryango aho ubuhamya bw’impuguke bushobora guteshwa agaciro n’abayobozi ba JA batize cyangwa bafite uburambe; Mu manza zirenga 90% byimanza umuyobozi wa JA yemerwa nurukiko rwumuryango. Abapolisi kandi birengagije ibyemezo by'urukiko rw'umuryango, nk'igihe cyo gusubiza abana ku babyeyi babo, nta nkurikizi. Ubudage ntibwemeye ibyemezo bifitanye isano n’imibereho myiza y’abana byafashwe n’urukiko rw’inteko ishinga amategeko y’uburayi rwashatse kurengera cyangwa gukemura abana n’uburenganzira bw’ababyeyi. == Reba == <ref>Uburenganzire_bw_umwana_.pdf (cndp.org.rw)</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cndp.org.rw/index.php?id=187&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=152&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=703c23e26fbd051147ca870b298b4c7d |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224123328/https://www.cndp.org.rw/index.php?id=187&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=152&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=703c23e26fbd051147ca870b298b4c7d |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abanyamategeko-bagaragaje-ibibangamiye-uburenganzira-bw-abana</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ijamboryumwana.com/category/uburenganzira-bwumwana/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224123323/https://ijamboryumwana.com/category/uburenganzira-bwumwana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cndp.org.rw/index.php?id=187&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=85&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=7e01a10e085f66486bd34e285ef97ec7 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224123330/https://cndp.org.rw/index.php?id=187&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=85&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=7e01a10e085f66486bd34e285ef97ec7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/sobanukirwa-uburenganzira-bwa-muntu-n-uko-bwubahirizwa</ref> 4ufw66p2a8uuytx3d66h5jasgh0khd7 0 14245 138653 136656 2026-09-17T12:12:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138653 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Indabyo pc.jpg|thumb|Indabyo|332x332px]] [[Dosiye:Anigif de flores.gif|thumb|Indabo|310x310px]] [[Dosiye:Indabo 11.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Indabo 11.jpg|thumb|Indabo ]] Mu mwaka wa 2014 nibwo Leta y’u [[Rwanda]] yashyizeho ikigo cya Bella Flowers gikora ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi bw’indabyo z’amaroza haba mu [[Rwanda]] no mu mahanga.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/indabo-z-u-rwanda-zizwi-nka-bella-flowers-ni-imari-ishyushye-i-burayi-video</ref> == Tumenye Umumaro w'Indabo == Indabo zigaragara mu bihe bitandukanye by’ingenzi mu buzima bw’abantu, nko mu birori byo kwizihiza isabukuru z’amavuko, mu gushyingura abitabye Imana, mu birori byo kurangiza amashuri, mu bukwe no mu bindi, ku buryo indabo zifite uruhare mu buzima bw’abantu bwa buri munsi.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/dore-icyo-indabo-zisobanura-n-igihe-zikoreshwa</ref>Hari abantu bohereza impano z’indabo batabanje kumenya icyo zisobanura, kimwe n’uko hari abakira izo mpano nabo ntibamenye ibisobanuro by’indabo bahawe, ibyo bigatuma batamenya ubutumwa bari bagenewe bajya kohererezwa izo ndabo.<ref name=":1" />Nk’uko bisobanurwa n’urubuga theflowerexpert.com, hari abantu bazi ibisobanuro by’ibanze by’indabo nkeya bagendeye ku mabara yazo. Urugero, abantu benshi bazi neza ko indabo za roza z’umutuku (red roses), zisobanura urukundo kandi ko ntawoherereza umuntu indabo z’umuhondo mu gihe yunamiye uwe witabye Imana. Ibisobanuro rero ntibigirwa n’izo ndabo ebyiri gusa, ahubwo n’izindi zigira ibisobanuro byazo. [[Dosiye:A indabyo z'umuhondo.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi bwi indabyo|172x172px]] [[Dosiye:Bella Flower -Dalry - geograph.org.uk - 5970692.jpg|thumb|Bela flower|259x259px]] == Bella Flowers ikigo gikora ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi bw’indabyo == Ni ikigo giherereye mu Karere ka Rwamagana mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba kimaze gutanga imirimo ku bakozi barenga 1000. Iki kigo cyanatumye umusaruro w’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongera ari na ko birushaho kumenyekanisha isura nziza y’u [[Rwanda]] n’ibikomoka mu [[Rwanda]].Ubuhinzi bw’indabo ni ishoramari ryunguka kandi rimaze guhabwa agaciro mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni ishoramari rishobora kwinjiza amadovize mu gihugu ndetse rigaha n’imirimo Abanyarwanda batari bake hirya no hino mu gihugu.<ref name=":0" />Umusaruro w’indabo za BELLA FLOWERS woherezwa hirya no hino ku isi haba ku mugabane w’[[Iburayi]] no muri [[Aziya]].Benshi mu rubyiruko rwabashije kubona akazi binyuze muri iki kigo bavuga ko icyizere cy’ubuzima cyazamutse ndetse imihigo ikaba ari yose mu kwiteza imbere. == Aha ikigo gitunganya kigahinga indabo bella flower kibarizwa == Bella flower iherereye Mu murenge wa [[GISHALI]] , AKAGALI KA KAVUMU ,UMUDUGUDU WA KIBONDE, noneho umtuntu ushaka kugera kuri bella flower avuye mubice bitandukanye by'urwanda iyo ushyitse kwa KARANGARA aho niho imodoka ziparika ni urugendo rw'ibirometero bibiri (4km) kugera kuri falcon golf,hanyuma ugakoresha ibindi birometero bine(4km) ugera kuri bella flower .<ref>www.google map.com</ref> == Ubwoko Bw'Indabo nicyozisobanura == [[Dosiye:陽明山竹子湖 海芋田 Calla lilies Field ay Yangmingshan - panoramio.jpg|thumb|172x172px|Ubwoko bwindabo bwa calla lilies]] [[Dosiye:The Gardeners' chronicle - a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects (1904) (14589402050).jpg|thumb|175x175px|ururabo rwa Bouvardia double]] Indabo za “calla lilies” bakunda kwita “amaroma”, zisobanura ibintu bitunganye kandi byiza. Amaroma y’umweru yo asobanura ibyo byombi, hakiyongeraho kutagira inenge no kwera (innocence), iyo ikaba ari yo mpamvu abantu bazifata nk’indabo nziza, abenshi bakanazishyira mu ndabo bafata mu bukwe.Ururabo rwa kabiri rwitwa “Bouvardia Double” rusobanura kudatinya, guhangara ikintu nubwo cyaba gikomeye. Rukanasobanura kwishimira kubaho(kwishimira ubuzima).Ururabo rwa gatatu ni “Gardenia”rusobanura ubuziranenye n’uburyohe.Urwo rurabo kandi ruvuga urukundo ruri mu ibanga. Izo ndabo zijyana ubutumwa bw’ibyishimo.Uzakiriye ziba zimubwira ko akunzwe.<ref name=":1" />Ururabo rwa kane ni “Gladiolus” rusobanura kudakurwa ku ijambo, ubudahemuka n’icyubahiro.Urwo ruraba kandi rusobanura kwibuka(remembrance).Ururabo rwa gatanu rwitwa “Alstroemeria” rusobanura ubukire, uburumbuke, gutunga.Urwo rurabo kandi rusobanura ubucuti umuntu afitanye n’undi.Ururabo rwa gatandatu rwitwa “Amaryllis” rusobanura ubwiza buhebuje.Ikindi kandi, urwo rurabo rusobanura ko urwohererejwe adafite ubwiza bw’inyuma gusa, ahubwo n’imbere muri we ateye neza( afite imico myiza).Ururabo rwa karindwi ni “Anemone” rushobora kugira ibisobanuro bibiri, iyo ruherekejwe n’ikarita yijimye, ruba rusobanuye ko umuntu yatakaje icyizere, ko yumva yaratawe (abandoned), mbese ntawumwitayeho, ariko iyo urwo rurabo ruherekejwe n’ikarita iriho amagambo meza, rusobanura kumenya ibintu bitaraba, cyangwa kubimenyaho agace gato mu gihe bitaraba(anticipation).<ref name=":1" />Ururabo rwa dusanga kumwanya wamunani ni “Anthurium”, rusobanura kwakirana umuntu ibyishimo, urugwiro, ukamwitaho uko bikwiye, yaba ari umushyitsi uje gusura cyangwa umunyamahanga.Urwo rurabo kandi rusobanuro ibyishimo kandi byinshi.Ururabo rwacyenda ni “Aster “ rusobanura kwihangana .Ariko runasonura gukunda ibintu bitandukanye (a love of variety).Ururabo rwacumi dusanga rwitwa “Bird of Paradise” rusobanura umunezero. Rusobanura kandi ibintu bitunganye , rukanasobanura kumenya ibyiza bizabaho hakiri kare. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Indabo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] onauo9kpmrjomqq9khqbi36u6wspt0s 0 14246 138914 133483 2026-09-17T21:23:07Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138914 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Panel on Improving Gender Balance (03411055) (43943901330).jpg|thumb|Abagore ku isonga mu nama mpuzamahanga iharanira ihame ry'uburinganire.]] Uburenganzira bw'umugore ni uburenganzira busabwa ku bagore n’abakobwa ku isi. Bagize ishingiro ry’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore mu kinyejana cya 19 n’imigendekere y’abagore mu kinyejana cya 20 na 21. Mu bihugu bimwe, ubwo burenganzira bwashyizweho cyangwa bushyigikiwe n’amategeko, imigenzo yaho, n’imyitwarire, mu gihe mu bindi, birengagizwa kandi bigahagarikwa. Bitandukanye n’ibitekerezo byagutse by’uburenganzira bwa muntu binyuze mu kuvuga ko kubogama kw’amateka gakondo gakondo kubangamira ikoreshwa ry’uburenganzira bw’umugore n’abakobwa, bashyigikira abagabo n’abahungu. Ibibazo bikunze guhuzwa n’ibitekerezo by’uburenganzira bw’umugore birimo uburenganzira bwo kuba inyangamugayo n’ubwigenge, kutagira ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, gutora, gukora imirimo ya Leta, kugirana amasezerano n’amategeko, kugira uburenganzira bungana mu mategeko y’umuryango, ku kazi, kuri umushahara ukwiye cyangwa umushahara ungana, kugira uburenganzira bw'imyororokere, gutunga umutungo, no kwiga. [[Dosiye:W20 Conference- Panel - Inspiring women- Scaling up women’s entrepreneurship (33455379573).jpg|thumb|Uburenganzira bw'abagore mu Iterambere]] == Amateka == === Mezopotamiya === Abagore bo muri Sumeri ya kera bashoboraga kugura, gutunga, kugurisha, no kuzungura umutungo. Bashoboraga kwishora mu bucuruzi, [3] kandi bagatanga ubuhamya mu rukiko nk'abatangabuhamya. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abagabo babo bashoboraga gutandukana kubera amakosa yoroheje, [3] kandi umugabo watanye ashobora kongera gushaka undi mugore, mu gihe umugore we wa mbere atigeze amubyarira. [3] [4]: 182 Umusizi wa Akkadian Enheduanna, umupadiri wa Inanna akaba n'umukobwa wa Sargon, ni we musizi uzwi cyane izina ryanditswe. [5] Amategeko ya kera ya Babiloni yemerera umugabo gutandukana n’umugore we uko byagenda kose, [4]: 140 ariko kubikora byamusabye gusubiza ibintu bye byose ndetse rimwe na rimwe akamuha ihazabu. [4]: 140 Amategeko menshi yabuzaga umugore saba umugabo we ubutane kandi ashyira mu bikorwa ibihano bimwe ku mugore usaba ubutane nko ku mugore wafatiwe mu busambanyi. , abasaba kwishyura amande amwe. [[Dosiye:Women in Egypt.jpg|thumb|Abagore mu Misiri]] === Misiri === Igishusho cya farawo wumugore Hatshepsut cyerekanwe mungoro yubuhanzi ya Metropolitan Muri Egiputa ya kera, abategarugori bari bafite uburenganzira bungana n’amategeko nk’umugabo, nubwo uburenganzira bwabo bushingiye ku mibereho. Umutungo wubutaka wamanutse kumurongo wumugore kuva nyina kugeza kumukobwa, kandi abagore bari bafite uburenganzira bwo gucunga umutungo wabo. Abagore bo muri Egiputa ya kera barashobora kugura, kugurisha, kuba abafatanyabikorwa mu masezerano yemewe n'amategeko, kuba ababishaka mu bushake n'abatangabuhamya ku nyandiko zemewe n'amategeko, kurega mu rukiko, no kurera abana. [[Dosiye:Mamallapuram, Visitors, Women of India.jpg|thumb|Abaagore mu Buhinde]] === Ubuhinde === Abagore mugihe cyambere cya Vediki [7] bafite umwanya ungana nabagabo mubice byose byubuzima. Ibikorwa byakozwe n’ikibonezamvugo cya kera cy’Abahinde nka Patanjali na Katyayana byerekana ko abagore bize mu gihe cya Vediki ya mbere. [9] Imirongo ya Rigvedic yerekana ko abagore bashakanye bakuze kandi birashoboka ko bafite umudendezo wo kwihitiramo abagabo babo mubikorwa byitwa swayamvar cyangwa kubana neza byitwa ubukwe bwa Gandharva. [[Dosiye:Group of workers harvesting tea Chakva Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg|thumb|Abagore mu Iterambere ry'ubugereki]] === Ubugereki === Ifoto ya vase itukura yerekana abagore babiri bamesa imyenda Ifoto ya vase itukura yerekana umugore ugurisha ibiryo Abategarugori bubahwa bo muri Atene bari biteganijwe ko bazishora mubikorwa byo murugo nko koza imyenda (ibumoso); mubyukuri, benshi bakoze (iburyo). Nubwo abagore benshi badafite uburenganzira bwa politiki n'uburinganire mu bihugu byo mu mujyi wa Bugereki bwa kera, bari bafite umudendezo runaka wo kugenda kugeza mu bihe bya kera. Inyandiko zibaho kandi ku bagore bo muri Delphi ya kera, Gortyn, Thessaly, Megara, na Sparta batunze ubutaka, uburyo buzwi cyane bw'umutungo bwite muri kiriya gihe. Icyakora, nyuma y’igihe cya kera, abashingamategeko batangiye gushyiraho amategeko yubahiriza ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, bituma uburenganzira bw’umugore bugabanuka. Abagore bo muri Atenayi ya kera ntibari bafite ubuzimagatozi kandi bafatwaga nk'abagize oikos iyobowe na kyrios y'abagabo. Kugeza igihe cyo gushyingirwa, abagore barerwaga na se cyangwa undi muvandimwe w'umugabo. Umugabo amaze gushyingirwa, yabaye kyrios yumugore. Kubera ko abategarugori babujijwe gukurikirana imanza, abami babikora mu izina ryabo. Abagore bo muri Atene bashoboraga kubona uburenganzira ku mutungo binyuze mu mpano, inkwano, no kuzungura, nubwo kyrios ye yari ifite uburenganzira bwo guta umutungo w’umugore. Abagore bo muri Atenayi bashoboraga kugirana amasezerano gusa afite agaciro kari munsi yagaciro ka "medimnos ya sayiri" (urugero rw'ingano), bigatuma abagore bakora ubucuruzi buciriritse. Abagore ntibakuwe muri demokarasi ya kera ya Atenayi, haba mu bikorwa no mu bikorwa. Abacakara bashoboraga kuba Abanyatene nyuma yo kubohorwa, ariko nta mugore wigeze abona ubwenegihugu muri Atenayi ya kera. Muri Atenayi ya kera abagore nabo babujijwe kuba abasizi,intiti, abanyapolitiki, cyangwa abahanzi. Mu gihe cy'Abagiriki muri Atenayi, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya Aristote yatekereje ko abagore bazana imvururu n'ikibi, bityo bikaba byiza ko abagore batandukana n'abandi baturage. Uku gutandukana kwaba gusaba gutura mucyumba cyitwa gynaikeion, mugihe ureba imirimo murugo kandi ukaba udafite aho uhuriye nisi yumugabo. Ibi byari no kwemeza ko abagore bafite abana bemewe gusa nabagabo babo. Abagore bo muri Atene bize amashuri make, usibye gutozwa urugo kubumenyi bwibanze nko kuzunguruka, kuboha, guteka, ndetse nubumenyi bwamafaranga. Nubwo abagore b’Abanyasiparita batandukanijwe mu buryo bwa gisirikare n’ubuzima bwa politiki, bari bafite umwanya utari muto w’ababyeyi b’abarwanyi ba Spartan. Nkuko abagabo bakoraga ibikorwa bya gisirikare, abagore bafataga inshingano zo kuyobora imitungo. Nyuma y'intambara yamaze igihe kinini mu kinyejana cya 4 mbere ya Yesu, abagore bo muri Spartan batunze hafi 35% na 40% by'ubutaka bwose n'umutungo wa Spartan. [18] Mu gihe cy'Abagiriki, bamwe mu Banyasiparita bakize cyane bari abagore. Abagore bo muri Spartan bagenzuraga imitungo yabo bwite, ndetse n'umutungo wa bene wabo b'igitsina gabo bari kure y'ingabo. Abakobwa kimwe n'abahungu bize amashuri. [18] Nubwo ariko ubwisanzure bwo kugenda bw’abagore b’Abanyasiparita, uruhare rwabo muri politiki rwabaye kimwe n’abagore bo muri Atene. Platon yemeye ko guha uburenganzira bw'abaturage no mu bya politiki ku bagore byahindura cyane imiterere y'urugo na Leta. Aristote wari warigishijwe na Platon, yahakanye ko abagore ari imbata cyangwa ko bagengwa n'umutungo, avuga ko "kamere yatandukanije umugore n'umugaragu", ariko we abona ko abagore "bagurwa". Yavuze ko ibikorwa by’ubukungu by’umugore ari ibyo kurinda umutungo w’urugo wakozwe n’abagabo. Ku bwa Aristote, umurimo w'abagore nta gaciro wongeyeho kuko "ubuhanga bwo gucunga urugo ntaho buhuriye n'ubuhanga bwo kubona ubutunzi, kuko umwe akoresha ibikoresho undi atanga". [23] Ibinyuranye n'ibitekerezo bya Platon, abahanga mu bya filozofiya b'Abasitoyiko bavuze ko uburinganire bw'umugabo n'umugore bungana, ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina babona ko binyuranyije n'amategeko y'ibidukikije. Mu kubikora, bakurikiranye Abasinike, bavuga ko abagabo n'abagore bagomba kwambara imyenda imwe kandi bakiga amashuri amwe. Babonaga kandi gushyingiranwa ari ubusabane bwimyitwarire hagati yuburinganire aho gukenera ibinyabuzima cyangwa imibereho kandi bagashyira mubikorwa ibyo bitekerezo mubuzima bwabo kimwe ninyigisho zabo. Abasitoyiko bemeje ibitekerezo by'Abasinike kandi babongerera ku nyigisho zabo bwite za kamere muntu, bityo bashyira uburinganire bwabo ku mibonano mpuzabitsina ishingiye kuri filozofiya ikomeye. [[Dosiye:Khamoro Roma Festival 2007 Prague.jpg|thumb|Abagore muri Roma]] === Roma === Abagore bakorana numugabo mu iduka ryirangi (fullonica), kurukuta rwa Pompeii Amategeko y'Abaroma, kimwe n'amategeko ya Atene, yashyizweho n'abagabo kugira ngo ashyigikire abantu. Abagore ntibari bafite ijwi rusange kandi nta ruhare rusange bagize, byateye imbere nyuma yikinyejana cya 1 kugeza mu kinyejana cya 6 MIC. Abakenyezi b'abidegemvya bo muri Roma ya kera bari abanyagihugu bafise uburenganzira bwo gukingirwa no gukingirwa bitari abanyagihugu canke abashumba. Umuryango w'Abaroma ariko, wari abakurambere, kandi abagore ntibashoboraga gutora, gukora imirimo ya Leta, cyangwa kujya mu gisirikare. Abagore bo mu cyiciro cyo hejuru bagize uruhare muri politiki binyuze mu gushyingirwa no kubyara. Muri Repubulika y'Abaroma, ba nyina b'abavandimwe ba Gracchus na Julius Sezari bagaragaye nk'abagore b'intangarugero bateje imbere umwuga w'abahungu babo. Mu gihe cy’Ubwami, abagore bo mu muryango w’umwami w'abami bashoboraga kubona imbaraga za politiki kandi bakagaragazwa buri gihe mu buhanzi no mu biceri. Intego nyamukuru y’umuryango w’Abaroma yari pater familias cyangwa umutware wumugabo wakoreshaga ububasha ku bana be bose, abakozi be n’umugore we. Abakobwa bari bafite uburenganzira bungana n’abahungu niba se yarapfuye atabishaka. Kimwe n'abagore bo muri Atene, abagore b'Abaroma bari bafite umurinzi cyangwa nk'uko bitwaga "umurezi" wacungaga akanagenzura ibikorwa bye byose. Iyi myigishirize yari ifite ibikorwa bike by’abagore ariko mu kinyejana cya mbere kugeza mu kinyejana cya gatandatu MIC, umutoza yararuhutse cyane kandi abagore bemerewe kugira uruhare mu bikorwa rusange nko gutunga cyangwa gucunga umutungo ndetse no gukora nk'abashinzwe amakomine mu mikino ya gladiator n'ibindi bikorwa by'imyidagaduro [ 25] Kubyara byatewe inkunga na leta. Kugeza mu wa 27–14 MIC, ius tritium liberorum ("uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko bw'abana batatu") yahaye icyubahiro n'ikigereranyo uburenganzira bw'ikigereranyo ku mugore wabyaye abana batatu kandi amukura mu burinzi bw'abagabo. [30] Mu bihe bya mbere bya Repubulika y’Abaroma, umugeni yavuye ku butegetsi bwa se yinjira mu "kuboko" (manus) y’umugabo we. Nyuma yaje kugengwa na potestas yumugabo we, nubwo bitarenze abana babo. Ubu buryo bwa kera bwubukwe bwa manus bwarahebwe cyane mugihe cya Julius Sezari, mugihe umugore yagumye munsi y'ubutegetsi bwa se n'amategeko nubwo yimukiye mu rugo rw'umugabo we. Iyi gahunda yari imwe mu mpamvu z’ubwigenge abagore b’Abaroma bishimiye. Nubwo abagore bagombaga gusubiza ba se mu bijyanye n'amategeko, ntibigeze bamukurikirana mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, [33] kandi abagabo babo nta bubasha bari bafite kuri bo. Igihe se w'umugore yapfaga, yarekuwe mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko (sui iuris). Umugore wubatse yagumanye gutunga ibintu byose yazanye mu bashakanye. Abakobwa bari bafite uburenganzira bungana n’abahungu niba se yarapfuye atabishaka. Mu mategeko ya kera y'Abaroma, umugabo nta burenganzira yari afite bwo guhohotera umugore we ku mubiri cyangwa kumuhatira gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Gukubita umugore byari impamvu zihagije zo gutandukana cyangwa ikindi cyemezo kirega umugabo. Kubera ubuzimagatozi bwabo nk'abenegihugu n'urwego bashobora kurekurwa, abagore bo muri Roma ya kera bashoboraga gutunga umutungo, bagirana amasezerano, kandi bakishora mu bucuruzi. Bamwe babonye kandi bajugunya umutungo utari muto, kandi byanditswe mu nyandiko nk'abagiraneza mu gutera inkunga ibikorwa rusange. Abagore b'Abaroma bashoboraga kwitaba urukiko bakajya impaka, nubwo byari bimenyerewe ko bahagararirwa n'umugabo. Basuzugurwaga icyarimwe nk'ubujiji bukabije kandi badafite imitekerereze idahwitse yo gukurikiza amategeko, kandi bakora cyane kandi bafite uruhare runini mu bijyanye n'amategeko - bivamo itegeko ryabuzaga abagore gukora imanza mu izina ryabo bwite aho kuba abandi '. Ariko na nyuma y’iri tegeko ryashyizweho, hari ingero nyinshi z’abagore bafata ibyemezo mu bibazo by’amategeko, harimo no gutegeka ingamba z’amategeko ku babunganira abagabo. Amategeko y'Abaroma yemeraga ko gufata ku ngufu ari icyaha uwahohotewe nta cyaha yari afite [43] n'icyaha cy'urupfu. Gusambanya ku gahato umugore byafatwaga nk'igitero cyagabwe ku muryango we no ku cyubahiro cya se, kandi abahohotewe ku ngufu bakozwe n'ikimwaro kubera ko bemeye izina ribi mu cyubahiro cya se. Nkuko amategeko abiteganya, gufata ku ngufu byakorerwa gusa umuturage uhagaze neza. Gufata ku ngufu imbata byashoboraga gukurikiranwa gusa nk’ibyangiritse ku mutungo wa nyirabyo. Igishushanyo cya bronze cyumukobwa ukiri muto usoma (ikinyejana cya nyuma) Umwami w'abami wa mbere w’Abaroma, Augustus, yavuze ko yazamutse ku butegetsi bwonyine kugira ngo agaruke ku mico gakondo, kandi agerageza kugenga imyitwarire y’abagore binyuze mu mategeko mbwirizamuco. Ubusambanyi, bwari bwarabaye ikibazo cy’umuryango wigenga muri Repubulika, bwahamwe n’icyaha, [46] kandi busobanurwa muri rusange ko ari igikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina kitemewe (stuprum) cyabaye hagati y’umuturage w’umugabo n’umugore washatse, cyangwa hagati y’umugore wubatse n’umugabo uwo ari we wese kuruta umugabo we. Kubwibyo, umugore wubatse yashoboraga kuryamana numugabo we gusa, ariko umugabo wubatse ntiyasambanye mugihe yaryamanye nindaya, imbata, cyangwa umuntu ufite akato (infamis). Indaya nyinshi muri Roma ya kera zari imbata, nubwo imbata zimwe zarindwaga uburaya ku gahato n’ingingo yo mu masezerano yabo yo kugurisha. Umugore wigenga wakoraga nkindaya cyangwa imyidagaduro yatakaje imibereho ye ahinduka infamis, "icyubahiro"; mu gutuma umubiri we uboneka ku mugaragaro, mu by'ukuri yari yaratanze uburenganzira bwe bwo kurindwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Filozofiya ya stoic yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'amategeko y'Abaroma. Abasitoyiko bo mu bihe bya Imperial nka Seneka na Musonius Rufus batezimbere ibitekerezo byimibanire gusa. Nubwo badashyigikiye uburinganire muri sosiyete cyangwa mu mategeko, bavuze ko kamere iha abagabo n’abagore ubushobozi bungana bwo kugira ingeso nziza ndetse n’inshingano zingana zo gukora neza, bityo rero abagabo n’abagore bakeneye uburere buke bwa filozofiya. [24] Iyi mitekerereze ya filozofiya mu ntore ziyobora zitekereza ko zagize uruhare mu kuzamura imibereho y’abagore ku ngoma. [50] Roma ntiyari ifite gahunda y’ishuri ryatewe inkunga na leta, kandi uburezi bwaboneka gusa kubabishoboye. Abakobwa b'abasenateri na knight basa nkaho bahoraga biga amashuri abanza (kumyaka 7 kugeza 12). Hatitawe ku gitsina, abantu bake barize barenze urwo rwego. Abakobwa bakomoka mu buryo buciriritse barashobora kwigishwa kugira ngo bafashe mu bucuruzi bwo mu muryango cyangwa kugira ubumenyi bwo gusoma no kwandika bwabafashaga gukora nk'abanditsi n'abanyamabanga. Umugore wamamaye cyane ku isi ya kera kubera imyigire ye ni Hypatia wo muri Alegizandiriya, wigishije abasore amasomo akomeye kandi agisha inama perefe w’Abaroma wa Misiri kuri politiki. Inganzo ye yatumye agirana amakimbirane na musenyeri wa Alegizandiriya, Cyril, ushobora kuba yaragize uruhare mu rupfu rwe rw’urugomo mu mwaka wa 415 azize agatsiko ka gikristo. Abashakanye bafatana urunana mu ishyingiranwa, bagereranywa n'Abaroma nk'urwego rwubaka umuryango kandi nk'ubufatanye bwa bagenzi bakorera hamwe kubyara no kurera abana, gucunga ibintu bya buri munsi, kubaho ubuzima bw'intangarugero, no kwishimira urukundo [54] [[Dosiye:Beach handball Euro 2019 Preliminary Round Women CRO-ROM 054.jpg|thumb|Abagore mu myidagaduru Roma]] === Ingoma ya Byzantine === Kubera ko amategeko ya Byzantine yari ashingiye ahanini ku mategeko y'Abaroma, ubuzima gatozi bw'abagore ntiyahindutse cyane mubikorwa byo mu kinyejana cya 6. Ariko inzitizi gakondo z’abagore mu buzima rusange kimwe no kwanga abagore bigenga ziracyakomeza. Uruhare runini rw’umuco w’Abagereki rwagize uruhare mu myumvire ikaze ku ruhare rw’umugore mu rugo aho kuba rubanda. Hariho kandi kwiyongera kw'abagore batari indaya, imbata cyangwa abidagadura ngo bitwikirwe rwose. Kimwe n'amategeko ya mbere y'Abaroma, abagore ntibashoboraga kuba abatangabuhamya mu by'amategeko, kuyobora ubuyobozi cyangwa gukora amabanki ariko barashobora kuzungura imitungo n'ubutaka bwabo. Nkuko bisanzwe, iryo torero ryakoreshwaga mu rwego rwo gukuraho ubumuga bwashyizweho n’itegeko rya kera ku buseribateri no kutabyara, ibikoresho byongerewe kwinjira mu buzima bwitwa ko ari idini, ndetse no guteganyirizwa umugore. Itorero kandi ryashyigikiraga imbaraga za politiki z'abari bafitanye ubucuti n'abayobozi b'amadini. Ishyirwaho ry'ababyeyi na ba nyirakuru nk'abarezi ryemejwe na Justinian. Ibibujijwe ku ishyingirwa ry’abasenateri n’abandi bagabo bo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe n’abagore bo mu rwego rwo hasi byongerewe na Constantine, ariko hafi ya byose byavanyweho na Justinian. Umubano wa kabiri waciwe intege, cyane cyane mu kwemeza ko hashyirwaho itegeko rivuga ko uburenganzira bw’umupfakazi ku mutungo bugomba guhagarika kongera gushaka, kandi Itegeko Nshinga rya Leonine mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 9 ryatumaga gushyingirwa kwa gatatu bihanwa. Itegeko-nshinga naryo ryatumye umugisha wa padiri uba ngombwa mu mihango yo gushyingirwa. [[Dosiye:Women of Beijing at Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests (2).jpg|thumb|Abagore mu gihugu cy'ubushinwa]] === Ubushinwa === Guhambira ibirenge, umuco ukunze gukoreshwa ku bagore b'Abashinwa hagati y'ikinyejana cya 10 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Ishusho yerekana X-ray yamaguru abiri aboshye. Abagore bo mu Bushinwa mu mateka no mu bihe bya kera babonaga ko bari hasi kandi bafite ubuzima gatozi bushingiye ku mategeko ya Confuciya. Mu Bushinwa Imperial, "Abumvira Batatu" bazamuye abakobwa kumvira ba se, abagore bumvira abagabo babo, n'abapfakazi kumvira abahungu babo. Abagore ntibashoboraga kuragwa ubucuruzi cyangwa ubutunzi [57] kandi abagabo bagombaga kurera umuhungu kubwibyo bikorwa byamafaranga. Amategeko ya nyuma yubwami yerekanaga ubwoko burindwi butandukanye bwo gutandukana. Umugore ashobora kwirukanwa aramutse ananiwe kubyara umuhungu, agasambana, atumvira nyirabukwe, akavuga cyane, akiba, agahabwa ishyari, cyangwa akaba yararwaye indwara idakira cyangwa iteye ishozi cyangwa indwara. [57] Ariko hariho n'imbibi ku mugabo - nk'urugero, ntashobora gutandukana aramutse abonye aho icyunamo cya sebukwe, niba adafite umuryango wo gutaha, cyangwa niba umuryango w'umugabo wahoze ari umukene kandi kuva icyo gihe ukaba wari ufite ube umukire. Umubare w'abagore mu Bushinwa nawo wari muke, ahanini bitewe n'umuco wo guhambira ibirenge. Ku byiciro byo hejuru, byari hafi 100%. Mu 1912, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yategetse ko guhagarika ibirenge. Guhambira ibirenge birimo guhindura imiterere yamagufwa kuburyo ibirenge byari bifite uburebure bwa santimetero enye gusa. Ibirenge biboshye byateje ingorane zo kugenda, bityo bigabanya cyane ibikorwa byabagore. Bitewe n'imigenzo mbonezamubano ivuga ko abagabo n'abagore batagomba kuba hafi yabo, abagore b'Abashinwa ntibashakaga kuvurwa n'abaganga b'abagabo bo mu Burengerazuba bw'Ubuvuzi. Ibi byatumye hakenerwa cyane abaganga b’abagore b’ubuvuzi bw’iburengerazuba mu Bushinwa. Ni yo mpamvu, umumisiyonari w’ubuvuzi w’umugore Dr. Mary H. Fulton (1854–1927) [58] yoherejwe n’inama y’ubutumwa bw’amahanga mu Itorero rya Peresibiteriyeni (USA) gushinga ishuri rikuru ry’ubuvuzi ry’abagore mu Bushinwa. Iri shuri rizwi ku izina rya Hackett Medical College ry’Abagore, [59] [60] iryo shuri ryashobojwe i Guangzhou mu Bushinwa, ku nkunga nini yatanzwe na Edward A.K. Hackett (1851–1916) wa Indiana, Amerika. Iri shuri ryari rigamije gukwirakwiza ubukristu n’ubuvuzi bwa kijyambere no kuzamura imibereho y’abagore b’abashinwa. [61] Muri Repubulika y'Ubushinwa (1912–49) na guverinoma z'Ubushinwa mbere, abagore baguzwe mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko bagurishwa mu bucakara bitwaje abakozi bo mu rugo. Aba bagore bari bazwi ku izina rya Mui Tsai. Ubuzima bwa Mui Tsai bwanditswe n’umunyamerika w’umugore witwa Agnes Smedley mu gitabo cye cyitwa Portraits y’abagore b’abashinwa muri Revolution. Icyakora, mu 1949, Repubulika y’Ubushinwa yahiritswe n’inyeshyamba z’abakomunisiti ziyobowe na Mao Zedong, maze Repubulika y’Ubushinwa ishingwa muri uwo mwaka. Muri Gicurasi 1950, Repubulika y’Ubushinwa yashyizeho itegeko rishya ry’abashyingiranywe kugira ngo bakemure igurishwa ry’abagore mu bucakara. Uku gushyingirwa bitemewe na proxy kandi byatumye ishyingiranwa ryemewe mugihe abashakanye bombi babyemeye. Itegeko rishya ryo gushyingirwa ryazamuye imyaka yemewe yo gushyingirwa igera kuri 20 ku bagabo na 18 ku bagore. Iki cyari igice cyingenzi mu kuvugurura ubutaka mu cyaro kuko abagore batagishoboye kugurishwa na ba nyirinzu. Icivugo cyemewe cyari "Abagabo n'abagore barangana; umuntu wese akwiriye umunyu (cyangwa)". == Amateka ya nyuma ya kera == === Dahomey Amazone yari Fon ibitsina gore. === Haba mbere ndetse no mu bihe bya Bibiliya, uruhare rw'umugore muri sosiyete rwaragabanijwe cyane. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, muri Bibiliya, abagore bagaragazwa ko bafite uburenganzira bwo kwihagararaho mu rukiko, [66]: 56-62 ubushobozi bwo gukora amasezerano, [66]: 63-67 n'uburenganzira bwo kugura, gutunga, kugurisha, na kuzungura umutungo. Kutubahiriza ubwo burenganzira bwo mu Isezerano rya Kera byakozwe n’umugabo ufite abagore benshi byahaye umugore impamvu zo gutandukana: [67] umuhe ibi bintu bitatu, agomba kugenda ku buntu, nta kwishyura amafaranga "(Kuva 21: 10-11). === Qor'an === Iki gice cyukuri ntikivugwaho rumwe. Ibiganiro bijyanye murashobora kubisanga kubiganiro: Uburenganzira bwumugore. Nyamuneka fasha kwemeza ko amagambo atavugwaho rumwe yaturutse neza. (Ukuboza 2018) (Wige uburyo nigihe cyo gukuraho ubu butumwa bwicyitegererezo) Qor'ani, Abayisilamu bemeza ko yahishuriwe Muhamadi mu gihe cy'imyaka 23, yatanze ubuyobozi ku muryango wa kisilamu kandi ihindura imigenzo yari isanzweho muri sosiyete y'Abarabu. Qor'ani isobanura uburenganzira buke ku bagore mu bashakanye, gutana, no kuzungura. Mu guteganya ko umugore, atari umuryango we, yari guhabwa inkwano n’umugabo, yashoboraga gutanga nk’umutungo we bwite, Qor'ani yagize abagore mu buryo bwemewe n’amasezerano yo gushyingirwa. Mu gihe mu mategeko gakondo, umurage wasangaga ugarukira gusa ku bakomoka ku bagabo, Qor'ani yarimo amategeko yerekeye umurage hamwe n’imigabane imwe n'imwe yagabanijwe ku bazungura babanje, babanje guhabwa abavandimwe b’abakobwa hafi, hanyuma bene wabo b'abagabo begereye. [71] Nk’uko Annemarie Schimmel "abigereranije n'umwanya wabanjirije Ubuyisilamu bw'abagore, amategeko ya kisilamu yasobanuye iterambere rinini; uyu mugore afite uburenganzira, nibura akurikije ibaruwa y'amategeko, gucunga umutungo yazanye mu muryango cyangwa afite yinjijwe n'umurimo we bwite. "[72] Ku bagore b’abarabu, Islamu yarimo kubuza uruhinja rw’umugore no kumenya uburinganire bw’umugore. Muri rusange abagore babonye uburenganzira burenze ubw'abagore bo muri Arabiya yabanjirije Ubuyisilamu [74] [75] no mu Burayi bwo hagati. Abagore ntibahawe ubuzima gatozi mu yindi mico kugeza mu binyejana byakurikiye. Ku bwa Porofeseri William Montgomery Watt, iyo agaragaye mu bihe nk'ibi, Muhammad "ashobora kugaragara nk'umuntu watanze ubuhamya mu izina ry'uburenganzira bw'umugore." [78] === Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba === Abagore bakora imirimo mugihe cyo hagati Uburenganzira bw'umugore bwarinzwe n’Itorero rya Gikristo rya mbere ryo mu gihe cyo hagati: imwe mu ngingo za mbere zemewe n'amategeko zerekeye uburenganzira bw’umugore yatangajwe n’inama ya Adge mu 506, aho muri Canon XVI yavugaga ko niba umusore wubatse yifuza gushyirwaho, we yasabye uruhushya rw'umugore we. [79] Itorero n'umuco byo mu Bwongereza mu gihe cyo hagati byafataga abagore nk'intege nke, badashyira mu gaciro, bashobora kwibasirwa n'ibishuko, kandi ko bakeneye guhora bagenzurwa. [80] Adamu na Eva aho Eva yaguye mubishuko bya Satani maze ayobora Adamu kurya pome. Iyi myizerere yari ishingiye kuri Mutagatifu Pawulo, ko ububabare bwo kubyara ari igihano kuri iki gikorwa cyatumye abantu birukanwa mu busitani bwa Edeni. [80] Ubuke bw'abagore bugaragara no mu nyandiko zo mu gihe cyo hagati; nk'urugero, umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya wa 1200 AD, Jacques de Vitry (wasangaga agirira impuhwe abagore kurusha abandi) yashimangiye ko abagore bumvira abagabo babo kandi akavuga ko abagore ari abanyerera, abanyantege nke, batiringirwa, abayobya, abashuka kandi binangiye. [80] Iri torero kandi ryateje imbere Bikira Mariya nk'intangarugero ku bagore kwigana ari abere mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, gushyingirwa n'umugabo amaherezo biba nyina. Iyo yari intego nyamukuru yerekanaga umuco ndetse n’amadini mu Burayi bwo Hagati. Gufatwa ku ngufu kandi byagaragaye mu Bwongereza bwo mu kinyejana cya 5 nk'icyaha cyakorewe se cyangwa umugabo ndetse no kurenga ku kubarinda no kurera abagore barera mu rugo. Imyirondoro y'abagore mu myaka yo hagati yanagaragajwe binyuze mu mibanire yabo n'abagabo bafitanye isano, nka "umukobwa we" cyangwa "n'umugore n'umugore". N'ubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Itorero ryakomeje gushimangira akamaro k'urukundo no kugirana inama mu bashakanye kandi ryabuzaga ubutane ubwo aribwo bwose kugira ngo umugore agire uwo amwitaho. === Ibikorwa byabagore bumwami mugihe cyo hagati === Muri rusange mu Burayi mu gihe cyagati, abagore barutaga abagabo mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko. Mu Burayi bwo Hagati, abagore bahatiwe kutitaba inkiko kandi bagasigira abagabo babo ibibazo byose by’ubucuruzi. Muri ayamategeko, abagore babonwaga nk'umutungo w'abagabo ku buryo iterabwoba cyangwa igikomere kuri bo cyari inshingano y'abashinzwe kurera. Mu mategeko ya Irilande, abagore babujijwe gukora nk'abatangabuhamya mu nkiko. Mu mategeko ya Welsh, ubuhamya bw’abagore bushobora kwemerwa ku bandi bagore ariko ntibureke abagabo, ariko amategeko ya Welsh, cyane cyane Amategeko ya Hywel Dda, yanagaragaje uburyo abagabo bagomba kwishyura abana barera abana batashyingiranywe, ibyo bikaba byahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gusaba uburenganzira. kwishura. Mu Bufaransa, ubuhamya bw'abagore bwagombaga gushimangira n'izindi nkuru cyangwa ntibwakirwa. Nubwo byari byitezwe ko abagore batazitabira inkiko, ibi ariko ntabwo buri gihe byari ukuri. Rimwe na rimwe, tutitaye ku biteganijwe, abagore bitabiriye kandi bakitabira imanza n'inkiko. Ariko abagore ntibashoboraga gukora nk'abacamanza mu nkiko, kuba abavoka cyangwa abagize inteko y'abacamanza, cyangwa gushinja undi muntu icyaha gikomeye keretse niba ari ubwicanyi bw'umugabo we. Ahanini, ikintu cyiza umugore yakora mu nkiko zo hagati ni ukureba imiburanishirize yimanza. Amategeko ya Suwede yarindaga abagore ububasha bw’abagabo babo baha ububasha bene wabo b'abagabo. Umutungo w’umugore nubutaka nabyo ntibishobora gutwarwa numugabo atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya numuryango we ariko numugore ntashobora. Ibi bivuze ko umugore adashobora kwimurira umugabo we umutungo we atabiherewe numuryango we cyangwa umuvandimwe. Mu mategeko ya Suwede, umugore na we yari kubona kimwe cya kabiri cya murumuna we mu murage. Nubwo ibyo bibazo by’amategeko, Suwede yari imbere cyane kandi isumba cyane mu gufata abagore kurusha ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi. Ubukwe bwo mu gihe cyo hagati mu ntore bwateguwe mu buryo bujyanye n'inyungu z'umuryango muri rusange. Mu buryo bw'igitekerezo, umugore yari akeneye kubyemera mbere yuko bashyingirwa kandi Itorero ryashishikarije ubwo bwumvikane kugaragazwa n'iki gihe kandi atari ejo hazaza. Ubukwe bushobora no kubaho ahantu hose kandi imyaka ntarengwa ku bakobwa yari 12, mu gihe yari 14 ku bahungu. === Amajyaruguru y'Uburayi === Igipimo cya Wergild cyagaragaje ko abagore bo muri iyo societe bahabwa agaciro cyane cyane kubworozi bwabo. Wergild y'umugore yikubye kabiri iy'umugabo ufite statut imwe mu mategeko ya Aleman na Bavariya. Hagati aho Wergild y’umugore yikubye inshuro eshatu iy'umugabo ufite statut imwe mu mategeko agenga amategeko ya Salic na Repuarian ku bagore bafite imyaka yo kubyara, igizwe kuva ku myaka 12 kugeza kuri 40. [85] Imwe mu mategeko y’Abadage yakomotse ku muco wa Lombard yemeje ko abagore bayoborwa na mundoald w’umugabo, ibyo bikaba byari bigize se, umugabo, umuhungu mukuru cyangwa amaherezo umwami nkuburyo bwa nyuma niba adafite bene wabo b'abagabo. [85] Umugore yari akeneye uruhushya rwa mundold rwo gucunga umutungo ariko arashobora gutunga amasambu ye nibicuruzwa. Uturere tumwe na tumwe dufite amategeko y’umurage wa Visigothique kugeza mu kinyejana cya 7 byari byiza ku bagore mu gihe andi mategeko yose atari yo. Mbere y’ubukirisitu bw’Uburayi, wasangaga umwanya muto w’abagore bemera gushyingirwa no gushyingirwa binyuze mu kugura (cyangwa Kaufehe) mu byukuri byari umuco w’abaturage, bitandukanye n’ubundi buryo bwo gushyingirwa binyuze mu gufatwa (cyangwa Raubehe). Icyakora ubukirisitu bwatinze kugera mu tundi turere twa Baltique na Scandinaviya gusa bugera kuri King Harald Bluetooth ya Danemark mu mwaka wa 950 nyuma ya Yesu. Ababa bakurikiza amategeko ya Noruveje na Islande bakoresheje ubukwe kugira ngo bagirane ubumwe cyangwa bagire amahoro, ubusanzwe abagore batabivuze cyangwa babyemereye. Icyakora uburenganzira bwo gutandukana bwari bwemewe ku bagore bahohotewe ku mubiri ariko gukingirwa ibibi ntabwo byahawe abo bitwaga "abagore babi" nk'abasabirizi, abakozi n'abacakara. Kuryamana nabo ku gahato cyangwa batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya nta nkurikizi cyangwa ibihano byemewe n'amategeko. Mu gihe cya Viking, abagore bari bafite ubwisanzure mu bihugu byo mu majyaruguru ya Suwede, Danemarke na Noruveje, bigaragazwa na Grágás yo muri Islande ndetse n'amategeko ya Frostating yo muri Noruveje hamwe n'amategeko ya Gulating. Nyirasenge wa papa, mwishywa wa papa n'umwuzukuru wa papa, bitwaga odalkvinna, bose bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kuzungura umutungo ku muntu wapfuye. Iyo bene wabo b'igitsina gabo badahari, umugore utarashatse adafite umuhungu, yashoboraga kuragwa umutungo gusa, ariko n'umwanya wo kuba umutware wumuryango kwa se cyangwa umuvandimwe wapfuye. Umugore ufite statut nk'iyo bamwitaga ringkvinna, kandi yakoresheje uburenganzira bwose yahawe umutware w'umuryango, nk'uburenganzira bwo gusaba no guhanishwa ihazabu yo kwica umuntu wo mu muryango, keretse niba yarashatse, akaba ari we. uburenganzira bwahawe umugabo we. Nyuma y’imyaka 20, umugore utarashatse, witwa maer na mey, ageze ku bwiganze bwemewe n’amategeko, afite uburenganzira bwo guhitamo aho atuye, kandi yafatwaga nk’umuntu ku giti cye imbere y’amategeko. Uretse ubwigenge bwe ni uburenganzira bwo guhitamo uwo bazabana, kubera ko ubusanzwe ishyingiranwa ryategurwaga n'umuryango. Abapfakazi bishimiye kimwe kwigenga status nk'abagore batubatse. Abagore bari bafite ubutware bw'amadini kandi bakoraga nk'abapadiri (gydja) n'amagambo (sejdkvinna); nk'abacuruzi n'abagore b'imiti. [88] Bashobora kandi kuba baragize uruhare mubiro bya gisirikare: inkuru zerekeye inkeragutabara ntizemezwa, ariko bimwe mubya kera byubucukuzi nkumurwanyi wa Birka wumugore wa Viking birashobora kwerekana ko byibuze abagore bamwe mubuyobozi bwa gisirikare bariho. Umugore wubatse ashobora gutandukana n'umugabo we akongera gushaka. Byari byemewe kandi mu mibereho ko umugore wigenga yabana numugabo akabyarana atarongowe, kabone niyo uwo mugabo yaba yarashatse; umugore uri mu mwanya nk'uwo yitwaga frilla. Nta tandukanyirizo ryakozwe hagati y'abana bavukiye imbere cyangwa hanze y'abashakanye: bombi bari bafite uburenganzira bwo kuzungura umutungo nyuma y'ababyeyi babo, kandi nta bana "bemewe" cyangwa "batemewe". Ubwo bwisanzure bwagiye buhinduka buhoro buhoro nyuma yo gutangira ubukristo, kandi guhera mu kinyejana cya 13, ntibikivugwa. Mu gihe cy’abakirisitu bo hagati, amategeko ya Scandinaviya yo mu gihe cyo hagati yakurikizaga amategeko atandukanye bitewe n’amategeko y’intara yaho, bivuze ko imiterere y’abagore ishobora gutandukana bitewe n’intara yari atuyemo. == Amateka ya none == === Uburayi === ==== Ikinyejana cya 16 na 17 Uburayi ==== Mu kinyejana cya 16 n'icya 17 habaye ibigeragezo byinshi by'abapfumu, bituma abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi mu Burayi bicwa, muri bo 75-95% ni abagore (bitewe n'ahantu n'ahantu). Iyicwa ahanini ryabereye mu bihugu bivuga [[Ikidage]], kandi mu kinyejana cya 15 ijambo "ubupfumu" ryafatwaga nk'ikintu cy'umugore bitandukanye n'imyaka yashize. Imfashanyigisho zizwi cyane nk'ubupfumu nka Malleus Maleficarum na Summis Desiderantes zerekanaga abarozi nk'abagambanyi ba diabolical basenga Satani kandi ahanini bari abagore. Umuco n'ubuhanzi muri kiriya gihe byagaragazaga abo bapfumu nk'abashukashuka kandi babi, bikarushaho gutera ubwoba amahame mbwirizamuco ahujwe n'amagambo yavuzwe na Kiliziya. Inkomoko y’umugani w’umugore "umurozi" ukomoka ku biremwa by’imigani by’Abaroma bizwi ku izina rya Strix, batekerezaga ko bigaragara kandi bikazimira mu buryo butangaje nijoro. [91] Benshi kandi bizeraga ko ari abagore bahinduwe n'imbaraga zabo ndengakamere. Iyi migani y'Abaroma ubwayo ikekwa ko yakomotse ku Isabato y'Abayahudi yasobanuye abagore badasanzwe ndengakamere bashoboraga kugenda bagataha vuba nijoro. [91] Abanditsi ba Malleus Maleficarum bashimangiye cyane isano iri hagati y’ubupfumu n’abagore batangaza ko bishoboka cyane ko abagore baterwa n '"ikibi". Abanditsi n'abashakashatsi Heinrich Kramer na Jacob Sprengerh bashimangiye iyo myizerere bavuga ko abagore bafite ikizere cyinshi, igitekerezo, ubwenge, intege nke, imibiri idakomeye, ubudahangarwa ndetse na kamere ya kamere byari inenge zishobora guterwa n’imyitwarire mibi n’ubupfumu. Icyo gihe imyizerere nk'iyo irashobora kohereza abategarugori cyangwa abasabirizi mu bigeragezo kugira ngo batange imiti cyangwa imiti y'ibyatsi. Uru ruhererekane rw'imigani yateye imbere amaherezo ruganisha ku bigeragezo by'abapfumu bo mu kinyejana cya 16-17 byasanze ibihumbi by'abagore batwikwa ku giti. Mu 1500, Uburayi bwigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri bw'amategeko. Rimwe ryari amategeko gakondo, yiganjemo mu majyaruguru y’Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza na Scandinaviya, andi akaba itegeko ryanditswe n’Abaroma, ryiganje mu majyepfo y’Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyani, Espanye na Porutugali. [93] Amategeko gakondo yatoneshaga abagabo kuruta abagore. Kurugero, umurage mu ntore zo mu Butaliyani, Ubwongereza, Scandinaviya n'Ubufaransa wahawe umurage mukuru w'abagabo. Mu turere twose, amategeko yahaye kandi abagabo imbaraga zikomeye ku buzima, ku mutungo no ku mibiri y’abagore babo. Ariko, hari ibyo byahinduye kubagore bitandukanye numuco gakondo; nk'urugero, barashobora kuzungura abavandimwe babo badahari, bagakora imyuga imwe n'imwe badafite abagabo babo, kandi abapfakazi bashoboraga kubona dower. Mu turere tugengwa n’amategeko yanditse y’Abaroma, abagore bagenzurwaga n’abagabo mu bijyanye n’umutungo n’amategeko, ba se bagenzura abakobwa, abagabo bagenzura abagore na ba nyirarume cyangwa bene wabo b'igitsina gabo bagenzura abapfakazi. Mu Burayi hose, ubuzimagatozi bw'abagore bushingiye ku mibereho yabo mu gihe gushyingirwa ubwabyo ari byo byagize uruhare runini mu kugabanya ubwigenge bw'abagore. Imigenzo, amategeko n'imikorere ntabwo byagabanije uburenganzira n'ubwisanzure bw'umugore gusa ahubwo byabujije abagore b'abaseribateri cyangwa abapfakazi gukora imirimo ya Leta bavuga ko umunsi umwe bashobora kurongora. Dukurikije amategeko rusange y’icyongereza, yateye imbere kuva mu kinyejana cya 12 gukomeza, umutungo wose umugore yari afite mu gihe cyo gushyingirwa wamutunze umugabo. Amaherezo, inkiko zo mu Bwongereza zabujije umugabo kwimura umutungo atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya n’umugore we, ariko akomeza kugira uburenganzira bwo kuwucunga no kwakira amafaranga yatangaga. Abagore bubatse b'Abafaransa bababajwe n'uburenganzira bwabo bwakuweho mu 1965. Mu kinyejana cya 16, Ivugurura mu Burayi ryemereye abagore benshi kongera amajwi, barimo abanditsi b'Abongereza Jane Anger, Aemilia Lanyer, n'umuhanuzikazi Anna Trapnell. Abongereza n'Abanyamerika Quakers bemezaga ko abagabo n'abagore bangana. Abagore benshi ba Quaker bari ababwiriza. Nubwo umudendezo mwinshi ugereranije n’abagore b’Abongereza n'Abasajya, kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19 rwagati, abanditsi batekerezaga ko gahunda y'abakurambere ari gahunda karemano yahozeho. Iyi myumvire ntiyigeze ihangayikishwa cyane kugeza mu kinyejana cya 18 igihe abamisiyonari b'Abayezuwiti basangaga matrilineality mu baturage kavukire bo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. Umufilozofe John Locke yarwanyije ubusumbane bw'abashakanye no gufata nabi abagore muri iki gihe. Yari azwi cyane mu guharanira uburinganire bw'abashakanye mu gitsina mu kazi ke mu kinyejana cya 17. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyo muri Amerika cyita ku mibereho n’ibibazo by’ubumuntu kibitangaza, uko abagore bameze mu gihe cya Locke byari amagambo: [98] Abagore b'Abongereza bari bafite impamvu nke zo gutandukana kurusha abagabo kugeza 1923 [98] Abagabo bagenzuraga imitungo myinshi y’abagore babo kugeza igihe itegeko ry’umutungo w’abagore bubatse 1870 hamwe n’itegeko ry’umutungo w’abagore 1882 [98] ==== Abana bari umutungo w'umugabo [98] ==== ==== Gufatwa ku ngufu ntibyashobokaga mu bashakanye [98] ==== Abagore ntibari bafite ibintu by'ingenzi biranga ubuzimagatozi, kubera ko umugabo yafatwaga nk'uhagarariye umuryango (bityo bikuraho uburenganzira bwo gutora kw'abagore). Ibi bintu byemewe n'amategeko byo gushyingirwa byerekana ko igitekerezo cyo gushyingiranwa hagati y’abantu bangana cyasaga nkaho bidashoboka kuri Victorians. . Abandi bafilozofe nabo bagize icyo bavuga ku burenganzira bw'umugore muri iki gihe. Kurugero, Thomas Paine yanditse mu Ibaruwa Rimwe na rimwe yerekeye Igitsina Cy’Abagore 1775 aho avuga (nka cote): [99] "Nidukora ubushakashatsi ku myaka no mu bihugu, tuzasanga abagore, hafi ya bose badasanzwe ... basengwa kandi bakandamizwa ... ni ... bambuwe umudendezo wo kwihitiramo amategeko ... Nyamara, I, Mbabajwe no kuvuga, ni abagore benshi ku isi yose. Umugabo kuri bo, yabaye umugabo utumva cyangwa umukandamiza. "[99] Umuryango wa kibyeyi urashobora kubona uburenganzira bwo guha uburenganzira bw'umugore inshingano z'umugabo, urugero nko mu mategeko rusange y’icyongereza abagabo bagombaga kubungabunga abagore babo. Iyi nshingano yavanyweho mu 2010. [100] [101] === Ikinyejana cya 18 na 19 Uburayi === Abagore batatu bicaye kumeza ntoya, umwe adoda, umwe anywa igikombe cyicyayi. Byose uko ari bitatu byashushanijwe kugirango bisa nkaho biteye ubwoba. Umugore wa gatatu asa nkaho afite imitwe ibiri, ariko birashoboka ko hari abagore bane. Imitwe y'abagore ntabwo isa nkaho yorohewe kumubiri. Amabara ni umutuku wijimye, umukara, umukara, na almond. Debutante (1807) na Henry Fuseli; Umugore wahohotewe n’amasezerano mbonezamubano y’abagabo, aboshye ku rukuta, akozwe mu kudoda no kurindwa na ba guverineri. Ifoto iragaragaza ibitekerezo bya Mary Wollstonecraft mu Kwemeza Uburenganzira bw'Umugore, byanditswe mu 1792. [102] Guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, no mu kinyejana cya 19, uburenganzira, nk'igitekerezo n'ibisabwa, bwongereye agaciro mu bya politiki, imibereho, na filozofiya mu Burayi. Hagaragaye imyigaragambyo isaba ubwisanzure mu idini, kuvanaho ubucakara, uburenganzira ku bagore, uburenganzira ku badafite imitungo, no gutora ku isi hose. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18 ikibazo cy’uburenganzira bw’umugore cyabaye ishingiro ry’impaka za politiki haba mu Bufaransa no mu Bwongereza. Muri icyo gihe, bamwe mu batekerezaga bakomeye mu kumurikirwa, barwanaga amahame ya demokarasi y’uburinganire kandi bakamagana imyumvire ivuga ko bake bafite amahirwe bagomba gutegeka umubare munini w’abaturage, bemeza ko aya mahame agomba gukurikizwa gusa ku gitsina cyabo no ku bwabo. ubwoko. Urugero, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya Jean-Jacques Rousseau, yatekereje ko ari gahunda ya kamere ku bagore kumvira abagabo. Yanditse ati: "Abagore bakora nabi binubira ubusumbane bw'amategeko yashyizweho n'abantu" kandi avuga ko "iyo agerageje kwambura uburenganzira bwacu, aba ari hasi yacu". Mu 1754, Dorothea Erxleben abaye umudamu wa mbere w’umudage wakiriye M.D (Kaminuza ya Halle) [105] Mary Wollstonecraft by John Opie (nko mu 1797) Minna Canth (1844–1897), umwanditsi wo muri Finilande akaba n'umurwanashyaka uharanira imibereho myiza y'abaturage, yari umwe mu bagore b’abanyarwandakazi bakomeye kandi baharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore. [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] Urupapuro rwa mbere rwitangazo ryuburenganzira bwumugore nubwenegihugu bwumugore Mu 1791, umwanditsi w'amakinamico akaba n'umurwanashyaka wa politiki Olympe de Gouges yasohoye Itangazo ry'uburenganzira bw'umugore n'ubw'umugore, [111] ryerekanwe ku Itangazo Uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’Umuturage wo mu 1789. Iri tangazo rirasekeje mu gushyiraho kandi rigaragaza kunanirwa kwa Revolution y'Abafaransa, yari yarahaye uburinganire. Ivuga ko: "Iyi mpinduramatwara izatangira gukurikizwa ari uko abagore bose bamenye neza ubuzima bwabo bubi, n'uburenganzira batakaje muri sosiyete". Itangazo ry’uburenganzira bw’umugore n’umuturage w’umugore rikurikiza ingingo cumi nindwi z’itangazo ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwenegihugu ku ngingo kandi Camille Naish yavuze ko "hafi ya parody ... y’inyandiko y'umwimerere" . Ingingo ya mbere y’itangazo ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwenegihugu itangaza ko "Abagabo bavutse kandi bakomeza kuba abidegemvya kandi bangana mu burenganzira. Itandukaniro ry’imibereho rishobora gushingira gusa ku nyungu rusange." Ingingo ya mbere y’itangazo ry’uburenganzira bw’umugore n’umuturage w’umugore yarashubije iti: "Umugore yavutse afite umudendezo kandi akomeza kuba umwe n’umugabo mu burenganzira. Itandukaniro ry’imibereho rishobora gushingira gusa ku nyungu rusange". De Gouges yaguye ingingo ya gatandatu y’itangazo ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwenegihugu, ryatangaje uburenganzira bw’abaturage kugira uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry’amategeko, kugeza: Uburenganzira bw'umugore wo muri Ositaraliya bwamuritswe muri iyi karato ya 1887 ya Melbourne Punch: Umunyamurwango ukabije yanga ko umwana we yita ku Perezida w’Inteko. Abanyagihugu bose harimwo n'abakenyezi bemererwa kimwe abanyacyubahiro bose, ibiro hamwe nakazi kabo, bakurikije ubushobozi bwabo, kandi nta rindi tandukaniro uretse imico yabo nubuhanga. De Gouges ashimangira kandi ko mu mategeko y’Ubufaransa abagore bahanwe burundu, ariko bakamburwa uburenganzira bungana. Nyuma yaje koherezwa muri guillotine. Mary Wollstonecraft, umwanditsi akaba n'umuhanga mu bya filozofiya wo mu Bwongereza, yasohoye igitabo cyitwa A Vindication of Rights of Women mu 1792, avuga ko uburere n'uburere bw'abagore ari byo byateje ibyifuzo bike. [113] Wollstonecraft yibasiye ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, isaba amahirwe angana yo kwiga, maze isaba "ubutabera!" n "" uburenganzira ku bantu "kuri bose. Wollstonecraft, hamwe n’igihe cye cyo mu Bwongereza Damaris Cudworth na Catharine Macaulay, batangiye gukoresha imvugo y’uburenganzira ku bijyanye n’abagore, bavuga ko abagore bagomba kugira amahirwe menshi kuko kimwe n’abagabo, bari abantu bafite imico myiza kandi bashyira mu gaciro. [116] Mary Robinson yanditse mu buryo nk'ubwo muri "Ibaruwa yandikiwe Abagore b'Abongereza, ku karengane ko kuganduka mu mutwe.", 1799. Ikarito ya Punch kuva mu 1867 isebya John Stuart Mill kugerageza gusimbuza ijambo 'umugabo' n <nowiki>''</nowiki> umuntu ', ni ukuvuga guha abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora. Inyandiko: Urusyo rwumvikana: Cyangwa, Franchise kubagore. "Senga usobanure inzira, ngaho, kuri aba - a - abantu." [117] Mu nyandiko ye 1869 yise "Kuganduka kw'Abagore" umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w'umwongereza akaba n'umuhanga mu bya politiki mu bya politiki, John Stuart Mill, yasobanuye uko abagore bo mu Bwongereza bameze: Turakomeza kubwirwa ko umuco nubukristo byagaruye umugore uburenganzira bwe buboneye. Hagati aho, umugore ni umugaragu nyawe wumugabo we; ntabwo ari munsi, nkuko inshingano zemewe zigenda, kuruta imbata bakunze kwita. Hanyuma, umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko, Mill yavuze ko abagore bakwiriye uburenganzira bwo gutora, nubwo icyifuzo cye cyo gusimbuza ijambo "umugabo" n "" umuntu "mu mushinga w’itegeko rya kabiri ry’ivugurura ryo mu 1867 cyakiriwe neza mu nteko ishinga amategeko umutwe w'abadepite kandi batsinzwe na 76 kugeza ku majwi 196. Igitekerezo cye nticyashyigikiwe cyane n’iki gihe [117] ariko kuba yagerageje guhindura umushinga w’ivugurura byatumye abantu bashishikazwa cyane n’ikibazo cy’amatora y’abagore mu Bwongereza. Ku ikubitiro, imwe gusa mu bukangurambaga bw’uburenganzira bw’umugore, gutora byabaye intandaro y’imyigaragambyo y’abagore mu Bwongereza mu ntangiriro yikinyejana cya 20. [119] Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwo gutora bwagarukiraga kuri ba nyir'umutungo ukize mu nkiko z'Ubwongereza. Iyi gahunda yakuyemo ku buryo butaziguye abagore kuko amategeko agenga umutungo n’amategeko y’ubukwe yahaye abagabo uburenganzira bwo gushyingirwa cyangwa kuzungura kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19. Nubwo gutora kw'abagabo kwagutse mu kinyejana, abagore babujijwe gutora mu gihugu ndetse no mu karere mu myaka ya za 1830 n'Itegeko rivugurura 1832 n'Itegeko rigenga amasosiyete 1835. [120] Millicent Fawcett na Emmeline Pankhurst bayoboye ubukangurambaga rusange ku matora y'abagore maze mu 1918 hatorwa umushinga w'itegeko ryemerera abagore barengeje imyaka 30 gutora. Mu myaka ya 1860, politiki y’imibonano mpuzabitsina y’ubukungu bw’abagore bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati mu Bwongereza ndetse n’ibihugu bituranye n’ibihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba byayobowe n’ibintu nk’ihindagurika ry’umuco w’abaguzi wo mu kinyejana cya 19, harimo no kuvuka kw’ibiro by’ishami, no mu bice bitandukanye. Muri Ngwino Kugura, Ngwino Kugura: Guhaha n'umuco wo Kurya mu Kwandika kw'Abagore ba Victorian, Isesengura ry'[[ubuvanganzo]] bwa Krista Lysack ryerekeye ubuvanganzo bwo mu kinyejana cya 19 rivuga ko umutungo we ugaragaza amahame rusange y'iki gihe, "uburinganire bw'umugore wa Victorian bwaranzwe no kwiyanga no kugenga ubushake bwo kurya. "[121] Mugihe abagore, cyane cyane abo muri rubanda rugufi, rwabonye uburyo buciriritse bwo gukoresha amafaranga yo murugo buri munsi kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo kuva munzu, kwitabira ibirori mbonezamubano, no kugura ibintu byumuntu nu rugo mububiko butandukanye bw’amashami yateye imbere mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 Uburayi, ikirere cy’ubukungu n’ubukungu cy’i Burayi cyari gikwirakwije ingengabitekerezo y’abagore. ntibari bagenzuye byimazeyo ibyifuzo byabo byo gukoresha (ukeka) umushahara wumugabo cyangwa se. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amatangazo menshi yamamaza ibicuruzwa 'byigitsina gore' byerekanaga iterambere ryiterambere ryimibereho, exoticism ziva muburasirazuba, kandi byongerera imbaraga inshingano zurugo abagore babonaga ko bafite inshingano nko gukora isuku, kurera abana, no guteka. [121] === Uburusiya === Mu mategeko n'imigenzo, Uburusiya bw'Abascovite bwari umuryango w'abakurambere wategekaga abagore ku bagabo, naho abato bakayobora bakuru babo. Petero Mukuru yoroheje umuco wa kabiri, ariko ntabwo yayobokaga abagore. Iteka ryo mu 1722 ryabuzaga mu buryo bweruye gushyingirwa ku gahato risaba abakwe n’abakwe kubyemera, mu gihe uruhushya rw’ababyeyi rwakomeje kuba icyifuzo. Ariko ku ngoma ya Petero, umugabo wenyine ni we washoboraga gukuraho umugore we amushyira mu kigo cy'ababikira. Ku bijyanye n'amategeko, hari amahame abiri ku bagore. Abagore basambana bakatiwe imirimo y'agahato, mu gihe abagabo bishe abagore babo bakubiswe gusa. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Petero Mukuru, amategeko n'imigenzo bijyanye n'ububasha bw'abagabo ku bagore babo byariyongereye. Mu 1782, amategeko mbonezamubano yashimangiye inshingano z'umugore zo kumvira abagabo babo. Kugeza mu 1832, Digest of laws yahinduye iyi nshingano "kumvira kutagira imipaka". Mu kinyejana cya 18, itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burusiya ryarushijeho kubona ububasha bwo gushyingirwa kandi ribuza abapadiri gutanga ubutane, ndetse no ku bagore bahohotewe bikabije. Kugeza mu 1818, sena y'Uburusiya nayo yari yarabujije gutandukana kw'abashakanye. Mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, kwita ku bana byarushagaho kugora abagore, benshi muri bo bakaba batashoboraga kwibeshaho, kandi abagabo babo bakaba barapfuye cyangwa barwanaga mu ntambara. Abagore benshi bagombaga guha abana babo ingo zabana bazwiho guhohoterwa no kutitabwaho. Amazu y'abana yiswe "uruganda rw'abamarayika". Nyuma ya Revolution yo mu Kwakira, Bolsheviks yahagaritse uruganda rukora abamarayika ruzwi ku izina rya 'Nikolaev Institute' ruherereye hafi y'umuyoboro wa Moika. Bolsheviks yahise isimbuza ikigo cya Nikolaev n’inzu y’ababyeyi igezweho yitwa 'Ingoro y’ababyeyi n’abana'. Uru rugo rwababyeyi rwakoreshejwe na Bolsheviks nk'icyitegererezo cy'ibitaro byababyeyi. Umubare w’umuyobozi wayoboraga Ikigo cya kera yimuriwe ku ruhande, ariko akwirakwiza ibihuha bivuga ko Bolsheviks yakuyeho amashusho yera, kandi ko abaforomo basambanye n’abasare. Ibitaro by’ababyeyi byatwitswe mbere y’amasaha mbere yuko biteganijwe gufungura, kandi uwo mukecuru yakekwagaho kuba nyirabayazana. Abagore b'Abarusiya bari bafite inzitizi zo gutunga umutungo kugeza mu kinyejana cya 18 rwagati. Uburenganzira bw'umugore bwariyongereye nyuma y’uko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zimaze kwiyongera ku butegetsi bwa Bolsheviks. Ku butegetsi bwa Bolsheviks, Uburusiya bwabaye igihugu cya mbere mu mateka y’umuntu cyakuyemo inda ku buntu ku bagore bari mu bitaro bya Leta. === Amerika y'Amajyaruguru === [[Dosiye:Calgary Montage 2020.2.jpg|thumb|Umujyi Wa Calgary]] ==== Kanada ==== Igishusho mu mujyi wa Calgary wa Byamamare bitanu. Igishusho gisa nacyo kibaho kumusozi winteko, Ottawa. Guharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore muri Kanada mu kinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 byibanze ku kongera uruhare rw'umugore mu mibereho rusange, hagamijwe intego zirimo gutora kw'abagore, kongera uburenganzira ku mutungo, kongera amashuri, no kwemeza ko abagore ari "abantu" nk'uko amategeko abiteganya. ] Icyamamare Batanu bari Abanyakanada batanu - Emily Murphy, Irene Marryat Parlby, Nellie Mooney McClung, Louise Crummy McKinney na Henrietta Muir Edwards - mu 1927, basabye Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Kanada gusubiza ikibazo, "Ese ijambo 'Abantu'? mu gika cya 24 cy'itegeko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru y'Ubwongereza, 1867, harimo n'abagore? " mu rubanza Edwards aburana na Kanada (Umushinjacyaha mukuru). [127] Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwa Kanada rumaze kuvuga mu ncamake umwanzuro wafashwe ku mwanzuro w'uko abagore atari "abantu", urwo rubanza rwajuririwe kandi ruseswa mu 1929 na komite ishinzwe ubutabera mu Bwongereza y'Inama ishinzwe Imperial Privy, icyo gihe urukiko rwanyuma rwa Kanada mu Bwami bw'Ubwongereza na Commonwealth. [128] Leta zunz'ubumwe Andi makuru: Igihe cyuburenganzira bwumugore muri Amerika (usibye gutora) Ihuriro ry’abagore b’abakirisitu (WCTU) ryashinzwe mu 1873 kandi riharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore, harimo no guharanira indaya no gutora abagore. [129] Ku buyobozi bwa Frances Willard, "WCTU yabaye umuryango munini w’abagore bo mu gihe cyayo none ubu niwo muryango w’abagore bakera cyane muri Amerika." [130] === Aziya === ==== Aziya y'Uburasirazuba ==== ===== Ubuyapani ===== Umubyeyi n'umwana, 1872 Urugero abagore bashobora kugira uruhare muri societe yUbuyapani rwagiye rutandukana mugihe cyamasomo. Mu kinyejana cya 8, Ubuyapani bwari bufite abami b'abagore, no muri 12 ikinyejana cya (Heian period) abagore mu Buyapani bari bafite umwanya wo hejuru ugereranije, nubwo bagitegekwa nabagabo. Kuva mu bihe bya nyuma ya Edo, urwego rw'abagore rwaragabanutse. Mu kinyejana cya 17, "Onna Daigaku", cyangwa "Kwiga ku Bagore", byanditswe n'umwanditsi witwa Kaibara Ekken w’Abanyakanaka, byagaragaje ibyateganijwe ku bagore b’Abayapani, bigabanya cyane urwego rwabo. [131] Mu gihe cya Meiji, inganda n’imijyi byagabanyije ububasha bwa ba se n’abagabo, ariko muri icyo gihe, amategeko mbonezamubano ya Meiji yo mu 1898 yima abagore uburenganzira bw’amategeko kandi abayoboka ku bushake bw’abatware b’urugo. [132] Kuva mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati urwego rw'abagore rwateye imbere cyane. Nubwo Ubuyapani bufatwa nk’igihugu gikumira cyane, mu byukuri byari kare kuruta ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi mu guha abagore uburenganzira bw’amategeko mu kinyejana cya 20, kubera ko Itegeko Nshinga ry’Ubuyapani ryo mu 1947 ryatangaga urwego rw’amategeko rushimishije mu guteza imbere uburinganire bw’umugore mu Buyapani. Urugero, Ubuyapani bwashyizeho itora ry’abagore mu 1946, mbere y’ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi nk’Ubusuwisi (1971 ku rwego rwa federasiyo; 1990 ku bibazo byaho muri kanton ya Appenzell Innerrhoden), Porutugali (1976 ku buryo bungana n’abagabo, bibujijwe kuva 1931), San Marino mu 1959, Monaco mu 1962, Andorra mu 1970, na Liechtenstein mu 1984. [133] [134] ==== Aziya yo hagati ==== Imico yo muri Aziya yo Hagati ahanini ikomeje kuba abakurambere, ariko, kuva aho Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zaguye, imiryango y'isi yo muri ako karere yarushijeho gutera imbere mu nshingano z’abagore hanze y’imyubakire gakondo yo kugandukira abagabo rwose. Muri Mongoliya, abagore benshi kurusha abagabo barangiza amashuri kandi ni bo binjiza menshi. [136] Gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere ivuga ko "iterambere rikomeye" mu buringanire bw’umugabo muri Qazaqistan ariko ivangura riracyakomeza. Gushyingirwa no gushimutwa bikomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye muri kano karere; umuco wo gushimuta abageni wiganje muri Kirigizisitani, [138] Qazaqistan, [139] Turukimenisitani, [140] na Karakalpakstan, akarere kigenga ka Uzubekisitani. [141] === Oceania === ==== Australiya ==== Umukandida wa mbere w’umugore wa politiki muri Ositaraliya, gutora muri Ositaraliya yepfo Catherine Helen Spence (1825–1910) Amateka y’uburenganzira bw’umugore muri Ositaraliya ni ayavuguruzanya: mu gihe Ositaraliya yayoboye isi mu burenganzira bwo gutora bw’abagore mu kinyejana cya 19, ntiyatinze cyane kumenya uburenganzira bw’umugore ku mwuga - kugeza mu 1966 ni bwo hakuweho akabari k’abashakanye. 142] Ku rundi ruhande, ivugurura ryemerera abagore gutora no guhagararira umwanya muri Ositaraliya y'Amajyepfo mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ryabaye umusingi w'uburenganzira bwa politiki bw'umugore mu bindi bice by'isi. Ni muri urwo rwego, Ositaraliya itandukanye n’indi mico, kubera ko gutora kw'abagore muri Ositaraliya byari imwe mu ntego za mbere z’umuryango w’abagore bahari (guhera muri Ositaraliya yepfo na Ositaraliya y’Uburengerazuba) bitandukanye n’indi mico, nk’imico y’uburayi bw’iburasirazuba, aho na yo igeze. cyo mu kinyejana cya 20 umutwe w’abagore wibanze ku burenganzira bw’umurimo, kubona imyuga n’uburezi, aho guharanira uburenganzira bwa politiki. Kugeza magingo aya, Ositaraliya ifite umubare muto w’abagore mu nshingano z’ubucuruzi ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu bifite ibigo bisa. [143] ===== Ibyingenzi ===== Uburenganzira ku kazi ku bagore burimo kutavangura abagore ku mirimo no guhembwa kimwe. Uburenganzira bw'umugore n'abagabo bwo guhembwa kimwe n'inyungu zingana ku kazi kangana na leta ya Hong Kong y'Ubwongereza kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 70. Leslie Wah-Leung Chung (鍾華亮, 1917–2009), Perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakozi ba Leta mu Bushinwa muri Hong Kong 香港 政府 華 員 會 [144] (1965–68), yagize uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry’imishahara ingana ku bagabo n’abagore, harimo uburenganzira ku bagore bubatse kuba abakozi bahoraho. Mbere yibi, imiterere yumurimo wumugore yahindutse kuva kumukozi uhoraho aba umukozi wigihe gito amaze gushyingirwa, bityo atakaza amafaranga ya pansiyo. Bamwe muri bo ndetse babuze akazi. Kubera ko abaforomo ahanini bari abagore, uku kuzamura uburenganzira bw’abagore bubatse byasobanuye cyane umwuga w’ubuforomo. [61] [145] [146] [147] [148] [149] Mu bihugu bimwe by’Uburayi, abagore bubatse ntibashoboraga gukora batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya n’abagabo babo kugeza mu myaka mike ishize, urugero nko mu Bufaransa kugeza mu 1965 [151] [152] no muri Espanye kugeza mu 1975. [153] Byongeye kandi, utubari twashyingiranywe, umuco watangiye kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 kugeza mu myaka ya za 70 mu bihugu byinshi, harimo Otirishiya, Ositaraliya, Irilande, Kanada, n'Ubusuwisi, wabuzaga abagore bubatse akazi mu myuga myinshi. [154] [155] Ikibazo cy'ingenzi kigamije kwishingira uburinganire bw'umugabo n'umugore ku kazi ni ukubahiriza uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi n'uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bw'umugore. [156] Ikiruhuko cyo kubyara (n'ikiruhuko cyo kubyara mu bihugu bimwe) n'ikiruhuko cy'ababyeyi ni igihe gito cyo kubura kuva akazi gatangwa ako kanya mbere na nyuma yo kubyara hagamijwe gushyigikira umubyeyi gukira no gutanga igihe cyo kwita ku mwana. [157] Ibihugu bitandukanye bifite amategeko atandukanye yerekeye ikiruhuko cyo kubyara, ikiruhuko cyo kubyara na konji y'ababyeyi. Mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) politiki iratandukanye cyane n’ibihugu, ariko abanyamuryango b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bagomba kubahiriza ibipimo ntarengwa by’amabwiriza y’abakozi batwite n’akazi - Amabwiriza yo Kuringaniza Ubuzima. [158] ===== Uburenganzira bwo gutora ===== ====== Amatora y'abagore ====== Ushinzwe ingamba akaba n'umurwanashyaka Alice Paul yayoboye kandi ayobora igice kinini cya Suffrage muri Amerika muri 1910. Icyicaro gikuru cy’ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ryarwanyije uburenganzira bw’umugore, Amerika, mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 1919 ibyapa byamatora, abadage baharanira demokarasi. "Frauen! Gleiche Rechte, Gleiche Pflichten" ("Abagore! Uburenganzira bumwe, inshingano zimwe") Mu kinyejana cya 19, abagore bamwe batangiye gusaba, gusaba, hanyuma bahagarika umutima kandi berekana uburenganzira bwo gutora - uburenganzira bwo kugira uruhare muri guverinoma yabo no gushyiraho amategeko. [159] Abandi bagore barwanyije amatora, nka Helen Kendrick Johnson, wavuze mu gatabo k’Umugore na Repubulika mu 1897 ko abagore bashobora kugera ku buringanire mu by'amategeko no mu bukungu badafite amajwi. [160] Ibitekerezo by’itora ry’abagore byateye imbere hamwe n’amatora yo ku isi yose kandi muri iki gihe gutora by’abagore bifatwa nk’uburenganzira (hashingiwe ku Masezerano yerekeye gukuraho ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore). Mu kinyejana cya 19, uburenganzira bwo gutora bwagiye buhoro buhoro mu bihugu byinshi, kandi abagore batangira kwiyamamariza uburenganzira bwabo bwo gutora. Mu 1893 Nouvelle-Zélande ibaye igihugu cya mbere cyahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora ku rwego rw'igihugu. Ositaraliya yahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora mu 1902. [118] Ibihugu bitari bike bya Nordic byahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 - Finlande (1906), Noruveje (1913), Danemarke na Islande (1915). Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose irangiye ibindi bihugu byinshi byakurikiranye - Ubuholandi (1917), Otirishiya, Azerubayijani, [161] Kanada, Cekosolovakiya, Jeworujiya, Polonye na Suwede (1918), Ubudage na Luxembourg (1919), Turukiya (1934) , na Amerika (1920). [162] Abatinze mu Burayi ni Ubugereki mu 1952, Ubusuwisi (1971 ku rwego rwa federasiyo; 1959–1991 ku bibazo byaho ku rwego rwa canton), Porutugali (1976 ku buryo bungana n'abagabo, bibujijwe kuva 1931) ndetse na microstate ya San Marino muri 1959, Monaco mu 1962, Andorra mu 1970, na Liechtenstein mu 1984. [133] [134] Muri Kanada, [[intara]] nyinshi zashyizeho itora ry’abagore hagati ya 1917 na 1919, abatinze bakirwa ni ikirwa cya Prince Edward mu 1922, Newfoundland mu 1925 na Quebec mu 1940. [163] Muri Amerika y'Epfo ibihugu bimwe byahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora mu gice cya mbere cy'ikinyejana cya 20 - Ecuador (1929), Burezili (1932), El Salvador (1939), Repubulika ya Dominikani (1942), Guatemala (1956) na Arijantine (1946) ). Mu Buhinde, ku butegetsi bwa gikoloni, gutora ku isi hose mu 1935. Ibindi bihugu byo muri Aziya byahaye abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora hagati mu kinyejana cya 20 - Ubuyapani (1945), Ubushinwa (1947) na Indoneziya (1955). Muri Afurika, muri rusange abagore babonye uburenganzira bwo gutora hamwe n'abagabo binyuze mu gutora isi yose - Liberiya (1947), Uganda (1958) na Nijeriya (1960). Mu bihugu byinshi byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati gutora ku isi hose nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, nubwo mu bindi bihugu nka Koweti, gutora ari bike cyane. Ku ya 16 Gicurasi 2005, Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Koweti yongereye amajwi ku bagore ku majwi 35-23. ====== Uburenganzira ku mutungo ====== Mu kinyejana cya 19, bamwe mu bagore, nka Ernestine Rose, Paulina Wright Davis, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Harriet Beecher Stowe, muri Amerika n'Ubwongereza batangiye kunenga amategeko ababuza uburenganzira ku mutungo wabo bamaze gushaka. Mu mategeko asanzwe yigisha abagabo bihishe bagenzuye imitungo itimukanwa yabagore babo. Guhera mu myaka ya za 1840, inteko ishinga amategeko za Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [165] n’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza [166] zatangiye gushyiraho amategeko arengera umutungo w’abagore ku bagabo babo ndetse no ku baguriza abagabo babo. Aya mategeko yari azwi nk'ibikorwa by'imitungo y'abagore bubatse. [167] Inkiko zo mu kinyejana cya 19 Amerika nazo zakomeje gusaba ibizamini byihariye ku bagore bubatse bagurishije imitungo yabo. Ikizamini cyiherereye cyari akamenyero aho umugore wubatse wifuzaga kugurisha umutungo we yagombaga gusuzumwa ukundi n’umucamanza cyangwa ubutabera bw’amahoro hanze y’umugabo we bakamubaza niba umugabo we amuhatira gushyira umukono ku nyandiko. [168] Uburenganzira ku mutungo ku bagore bwakomeje kubuzwa mu bihugu byinshi by’Uburayi kugeza ivugurura ry’amategeko ryo mu myaka ya za 1960-70. Urugero, mu Budage bw’Iburengerazuba, itegeko ryerekeye izungura ry’icyaro ryashyigikiraga abaragwa b’abagabo kugeza mu 1963. [169] Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, Umutware hamwe n’amategeko, yatangaga umugabo wenyine kugenzura imitungo y’abashakanye, byari bisanzwe kugeza mu myaka mike ishize. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, i Kirchberg aburana na Feenstra (1981), rwemeje ko ayo mategeko atubahirijwe. ====== Ubwisanzure bwo kugenda ====== Umugore hamwe ibirenge biboshye, 1870 Banyarwandakazi ba Caubul (Kabul, Afuganisitani) berekana kuzamura purdah mu bice bya zenana - 1848 byanditswe na James Rattray, Icyegeranyo cy’ibiro by’iburasirazuba n’Ubuhinde, Isomero ry’Ubwongereza Ubwisanzure bwo kugenda ni uburenganzira bwingenzi, bwemewe n’ibikoresho mpuzamahanga, harimo ingingo ya 15 (4) ya CEDAW. [170] Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, mu turere twinshi tw'isi, abagore bafite uburenganzira buke cyane, mu mategeko cyangwa mu bikorwa. Urugero, mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe abagore ntibashobora kuva mu rugo badafite umurinzi w’umugabo, [171] cyangwa batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya n’umugabo - urugero amategeko bwite ya Yemeni avuga ko umugore agomba kumvira umugabo we kandi ntagomba kuva mu rugo atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya. [172] Ndetse no mu bihugu bidafite amategeko abuza amategeko, ingendo z’abagore zishobora gukumirwa mu bikorwa n’imibereho n’amadini nka purdah. Amategeko abuza abagore gutembera yabayeho kugeza vuba aha mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by’iburengerazuba: kugeza mu 1983, muri Ositaraliya gusaba pasiporo y’umugore wubatse byagombaga kwemererwa n’umugabo we. [173] Ibihugu byinshi byo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati na byo bikurikiza gahunda yo kurera abagabo mu bihe bya none, aho abagore basabwa gusaba uruhushya umuryango w’umugabo kubintu byinshi, harimo no kujya mu bindi bihugu. Muri Kanama 2019, Arabiya Sawudite yarangije amategeko yayo yo kurera abagabo, yemerera abagore kugenda bonyine. Imigenzo itandukanye yagiye ikoreshwa mu mateka kugira ngo ibuze ubwisanzure bw’umugore bwo kugenda, nko guhambira ibirenge, umuco wo guhambira cyane ibirenge by’abakobwa b’abashinwa bakiri bato, byari bisanzwe hagati yikinyejana cya 10 na 20. Ubwisanzure bw'abagore bwo kugenda bushobora kubuzwa n'amategeko, ariko birashobora kandi kubuzwa n'imyitwarire y'abagore ahantu rusange. Mu bice bitemewe ko abagore bava mu rugo, abagore bari hanze barashobora guhohoterwa nko gutukwa, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina n’ihohoterwa. Byinshi mu bibuza umudendezo w’abagore kwimuka byashyizweho nkingamba zo "kurinda" abagore. [175] ====== Kumenyesha abagore uburenganzira bwabo bwemewe ====== Kutagira ubumenyi mu by'amategeko mu bagore benshi, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ni inzitizi ikomeye mu kuzamura imibereho y'abagore. Inzego mpuzamahanga, nk'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, zavuze ko inshingano z’ibihugu zitagizwe gusa no gushyiraho amategeko abigenga, ahubwo no mu kumenyesha abagore ko ayo mategeko abaho, kugira ngo bashobore gushaka ubutabera no kumenya mu bikorwa uburenganzira. Kubwibyo, ibihugu bigomba kumenyekanisha amategeko, no kubisobanurira rubanda neza, kugirango birinde ubujiji, cyangwa imyumvire mibi ikomoka kumigani ikunzwe, kubyerekeye amategeko. Gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere ivuga ko, kugira ngo ubutabera bw’uburinganire bugerweho, "Abagore bagomba kumenya uburenganzira bwabo kandi bagashobora kubona amategeko", [176] n’itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryo mu 1993 ryerekeye guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore mu bihugu by’ubuhanzi. 4 (d) [...] "Ibihugu bigomba kandi kumenyesha abagore uburenganzira bwabo mu gushaka kurenganurwa binyuze muri ubwo buryo". [177] === Ivangura === Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore yibanda ku kuvangura abagore. Ni muri urwo rwego, ibisobanuro by'ivangura ubwabyo ni ngombwa. Dukurikije ubucamanza bw'Urukiko rw'u Burayi Ruharanira Uburenganzira bw'Ikiremwamuntu, uburenganzira bwo kwishyira ukizana ntibukubiyemo gusa inshingano z’ibihugu byo gufata mu buryo bumwe abantu bahuye n’ibibazo bisa, ariko kandi n’inshingano yo gufata mu bundi buryo abantu bari mu bihe bitandukanye. . [178] Kuri iyi ngingo uburinganire, ntabwo "uburinganire" gusa ari ngombwa. Kubwibyo, leta zigomba rimwe na rimwe gutandukanya abagore n’abagabo - binyuze mu gutanga urugero rw’ikiruhuko cyo kubyara cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kurengera amategeko bukikije gutwita no kubyara (hitabwa ku miterere y’ibinyabuzima y’imyororokere), cyangwa binyuze mu kwemeza amateka yihariye. Kurugero, ibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi byakozwe nabagabo byibasiye abagore ntibibera mu cyuho, ahubwo biri mubice byimibereho: muri Opuz na Turukiya, ECHR yasobanuye ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore nkuburyo bwo kuvangura abagore; [179] [180] iyi nayo ni umwanya w’amasezerano ya Istanbul aho ku ngingo ya 3 ivuga ko "ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore" ryumvikana nko guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n’ivangura rikorerwa abagore [...] ". [181] Hariho ibitekerezo bitandukanye byerekana aho bikwiye gutandukanya abagore n’abagabo, kandi igitekerezo kimwe ni uko igikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina ari igikorwa aho itandukaniro rigomba kwemerwa, haba bitewe n’ingaruka z’umubiri ziyongera ku mugore, [182] kandi bitewe n'amateka yaranze abagore bakorerwa imibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato mu gihe bari mu mibereho yabo (cyane cyane mu bashakanye no mu gihe cy'intambara). [183] Ibihugu bigomba kandi gutandukanya ibijyanye n’ubuvuzi byemeza ko ubuzima bw’umugore - cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere nko gutwita no kubyara - butitaweho. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, "Ivangura mu modoka y'ubuzima igenamiterere rifata uburyo bwinshi kandi rikunze kugaragara mugihe umuntu cyangwa itsinda ryangiwe kubona serivisi zita kubuzima zishobora kuboneka kubandi. Irashobora kandi kubaho binyuze mu guhakana serivisi zikenerwa gusa n’amatsinda amwe, nk’abagore. " kugabanya impfu z'ababyeyi birashobora kuba uburyo bwo kuvangura.Mu bijyanye no gufata abagore n'abagabo kimwe ntabwo bikora kuko ibintu bimwe na bimwe biologiya nko mu mihango, gutwita, kubyara, kubyara, no konsa, ndetse n'ubuvuzi bumwe na bumwe, bigira ingaruka ku bagore gusa. Komisiyo ishinzwe guca ivangura rikorerwa abagore iteganya mu cyifuzo rusange cyayo No 35 ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa abagore, rivugurura icyifuzo rusange No 19 kivuga ko ibihugu bigomba "Gusuzuma amategeko na politiki bitagira aho bibogamiye kugira ngo bidashyiraho cyangwa ngo bikomeze ubusumbane buriho; no gukuraho cyangwa kubahindura niba babikora ". (paragarafu ya 32). imiti yapimwe mubigeragezo byubuvuzi kubagabo gusa ikoreshwa no kubagore bakeka ko nta tandukaniro ryibinyabuzima. ====== Uburenganzira ku buzima ====== Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima risobanura ko "ubuzima bwiza bw’umubiri, bwo mu mutwe ndetse n’imibereho myiza aho kuba gusa nta ndwara cyangwa ubumuga". [189] Ubuzima bwumugore bivuga ubuzima bwumugore, butandukanye nubwa bagabo muburyo bwinshi budasanzwe. Ubuzima bw’umugore burahungabana cyane mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’isi, kubera ibintu nk’ubusumbane, gufunga abagore mu rugo, kutita ku bakozi b’ubuvuzi, kutagira ubwigenge bw’umugore, no kubura amikoro y’abagore. [190] [184] ] Ivangura rikorerwa abagore ribaho no kwanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi zikenerwa n'abagore gusa. Ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bw'umugore ku buzima rishobora kuviramo urupfu rw'ababyeyi, bikavamo abantu barenga 300.000 buri mwaka, abenshi muri bo bakaba bari mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Bimwe mubikorwa gakondo, nko gutema igitsina gore, nabyo bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwumugore. Kw'isi yose, abakobwa bakiri bato n'abakobwa b'ingimbi ni bo baturage banduye virusi itera SIDA. Hariho kandi amateka y’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, cyane cyane politiki yo mu kinyejana cya 19 yo gufunga abagore nabi mu buhungiro bw’abasazi, akenshi babisabwe n’abagabo na bene wabo b'abagabo. [194] Umunyamurwango uzwi cyane wo kurwanya iyo mikorere ni Elizabeth Packard, wakozwe nabi mu 1860 n’umugabo we, agatanga ikirego maze agatsinda nyuma, agaragaza ikibazo cy’imihigo idakwiye. [195] Undi muharanira inyungu ni umunyamakuru w’iperereza Nellie Bly, wihishe mu 1887, mu buhungiro bwo mu mujyi wa New York, kugira ngo agaragaze ibintu bibi abarwayi bo mu mutwe bari bafite. ====== Uburenganzira bwo kwiga ====== Uburenganzira bwo kwiga ni uburenganzira rusange ku burezi. [196] Amasezerano arwanya ivangura mu burezi abuza ivangura mu burezi, ivangura rikaba risobanurwa nk "itandukaniro iryo ari ryo ryose, guhezwa, kugarukira cyangwa guhitamo ibyo, bishingiye ku bwoko, ibara, igitsina, ururimi, idini, politiki cyangwa ibindi bitekerezo, inkomoko y'igihugu cyangwa imibereho, uko ubukungu bwifashe cyangwa kuvuka, bifite intego cyangwa ingaruka zo gukuraho cyangwa gutesha agaciro uburinganire bw’ubuvuzi mu burezi ". [197] Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bw’ubukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco avuga ku ngingo ya 3 ko "Ibihugu bigize aya masezerano byiyemeje guharanira uburenganzira bungana bw’abagabo n’abagore bwo kubona uburenganzira bwose bw’ubukungu, imibereho myiza n’umuco bivugwa muri aya masezerano. ", hamwe n'ingingo ya 13 yemera" uburenganzira bwa buri wese ku burezi ". [198] Kubona uburezi ku bagore bikomeje kuba bike mu bice bimwe na bimwe byisi. Hafi ya bibiri bya gatatu by'abantu bakuru batazi gusoma no kwandika ku isi ni abagore. [199] Nubwo uburenganzira bw’umugore bwo kwiga amashuri bwemewe nk’ingenzi cyane, biramenyekana cyane ko amashuri y’amasomo agomba kongerwaho inyigisho ku burenganzira bwa muntu, kutavangura, imyitwarire n’uburinganire, kugira ngo iterambere ry’imibereho rishoboke. Ibi byagaragajwe na Zeid bin Ra'ad, Komiseri Mukuru w’Umuryango w’abibumbye ushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri iki gihe, yashimangiye akamaro ko kwigisha uburenganzira bwa muntu ku bana bose ati: "Ni ikihe cyiza ku bantu kuba Josef Mengele yari afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buvuzi na antropologiya? , urebye ko yari ashoboye gukora ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu? Umunani mu bantu 15 bateguye itsembabwoko ryabereye i Wannsee mu 1942 bafite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya PhD.Bamuritse mu ishuri, nyamara bari bafite ubumara bukabije ku isi. Radovan Karadžić yari umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe watojwe. Pol Pot yize ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki i Paris. Ese iki kibazo, mu gihe nta n'umwe muri bo wagaragaje akantu na gato ko kwitwara neza no gusobanukirwa? " ====== Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere ====== ==== Uburenganzira ==== Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere ni uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure bijyanye n’imyororokere n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere. Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bwemejwe na gahunda y’imyaka makumyabiri y’ibikorwa bya Cairo yemejwe mu 1994 mu nama mpuzamahanga y’abaturage n’iterambere (ICPD) yabereye i Cairo, ndetse n’itangazo rya Beijing hamwe n’urubuga rwa Beijing rwibikorwa mu 1995. Mu myaka ya 1870, abategarugori bateje imbere igitekerezo cyo kuba umubyeyi ku bushake nka kunegura politiki y’ababyeyi batabishaka [202] kandi bagaragaza ko bifuza kubohorwa. [203] Abunganira umubyeyi ku bushake banze kuringaniza imbyaro, bavuga ko abagore bagomba gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina gusa hagamijwe kubyara [204] kandi bagaharanira kwifata buri gihe cyangwa burundu. [205] Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bugaragaza igitekerezo cyagutse, gishobora kuba gikubiyemo uburenganzira bumwe cyangwa bwose bukurikira: uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda byemewe n'amategeko cyangwa umutekano, uburenganzira bwo kugenzura imikorere y’imyororokere y’umuntu, uburenganzira bwo kubona ubuvuzi bw’imyororokere bufite ireme, n'uburenganzira bwo kwiga no kwinjira muri gutegeka guhitamo imyororokere itarimo agahato, ivangura, n’urugomo. Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bushobora nanone kumvikana harimo kwigisha ibijyanye no kuringaniza imbyaro n'indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. [207] [208] [206] [209] Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bukunze gusobanurwa harimo ubwisanzure bwo gutema igitsina gore (FGM), no gukuramo inda ku gahato no kuboneza urubyaro ku gahato. [207] [208] [206] [209] Amasezerano ya Istanbul yemera ubwo burenganzira bubiri mu ngingo ya 38 - Gutema igitsina gore n’ingingo ya 39 - Gukuramo inda ku gahato no kuboneza urubyaro ku gahato. Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bwumvikana nk'uburenganzira bw'abagabo n'abagore, ariko bukunze gutera imbere nk'uburenganzira bw'umugore. [208] Mu myaka ya za 1960, abaharanira uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bateje imbere uburenganzira bw'umugore bwo kwigenga ku mubiri, iyo mibereho iganisha ku kubona uburenganzira bwo kuboneza urubyaro no gukuramo inda mu myaka mirongo iri imbere mu bihugu byinshi. [211] Kuringaniza imbyaro Igifuniko cyo gusubiramo imbyaro yo mu 1919, cyanditswe na Margaret Sanger. Kubijyanye na "Tuzahindura dute amategeko?" Sanger yaranditse ati "... abagore bajuririra ubusa kugira ngo bahabwe amabwiriza yerekeye uburyo bwo kuringaniza imbyaro. Abaganga bafite ubushake bwo gukuramo inda aho bivugwa ko ari ngombwa, ariko banga kuyobora ikoreshwa ry’imiti yatuma gukuramo inda bitari ngombwa ..." Sinshobora kora - amategeko ntabimwemerera. "" [212] Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, kuringaniza imbyaro byatejwe imbere nk'ibindi bisobanuro bigezweho bigarukira ku muryango no kubyara ku bushake. [213] Imvugo "kuringaniza imbyaro" yinjiye mu rurimi rw'icyongereza mu 1914 kandi ikundwa na Margaret Sanger, [213] [214] wakoraga cyane muri Amerika ariko akaba yaramenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu myaka ya za 1930. Umukangurambaga wo kuboneza urubyaro mu Bwongereza Marie Stopes yemeye kuringaniza imbyaro mu Bwongereza mu myaka ya za 1920 abikora mu buryo bwa siyansi. Guhagarara byafashaga uburyo bwo kuringaniza imbyaro bugaragara mu bihugu byakoronijwe n'Ubwongereza. Urwego rwo kuboneza urubyaro rwashyigikiraga uburyo bwo kuringaniza imbyaro kugira ngo imibonano mpuzabitsina yifuzwe nta byifuzo byo gutwita. [205] Mu gushimangira kugenzura, umuryango wo kuringaniza imbyaro wavuze ko abagore bagomba kugenzura imyororokere yabo, igitekerezo gihuza cyane n’insanganyamatsiko y’umugore. Amagambo nka "kugenzura imibiri yacu" yanenze ubwiganze bw'abagabo anasaba ko abagore babohorwa, iryo jambo rikaba ridahari mu kuboneza urubyaro, kugenzura abaturage no kwimuka kwa eugene. [216] Mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970 umuryango uharanira kuringaniza imbyaro washyigikiye ko amategeko akuramo inda ndetse n’ubukangurambaga bunini bwo kwigisha kuringaniza imbyaro na leta. Mu myaka ya za 1980, imiryango ishinzwe kuringaniza imbyaro no kugenzura abaturage bafatanyaga mu gusaba uburenganzira bwo kuringaniza imbyaro no gukuramo inda, hibandwa cyane ku "guhitamo". Kuringaniza imbyaro byabaye insanganyamatsiko muri politiki yo muri Amerika. Ibibazo by'imyororokere bitangwa nk'urugero rw'ubushobozi bw'umugore bwo gukoresha uburenganzira bwabo. Kuba abantu bemera kuringaniza imbyaro byasabye gutandukanya igitsina no kubyara, bigatuma kuringaniza imbyaro bivugwaho rumwe cyane mu kinyejana cya 20. [217] Kuringaniza imbyaro muri Amerika byahindutse ikibuga cy’amakimbirane hagati y’indangagaciro n’ubudahangarwa, bitera kwibaza ku muryango, ubwisanzure bwite, kwivanga kwa leta, idini muri politiki, imyitwarire y’imibonano mpuzabitsina n’imibereho myiza. [218] Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere, ni ukuvuga uburenganzira bujyanye n'imibonano mpuzabitsina ubuzima bw'imyororokere n'ubuzima bw'imyororokere, [207] byaganiriweho bwa mbere nk'igice cy'uburenganzira bwa muntu mu nama mpuzamahanga y’umuryango w’abibumbye yo mu 1968 y’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Gukuramo inda Kugera kuri serivisi zo gukuramo inda biratandukanye cyane kwisi yose, aho uburenganzira bwuburenganzira bujyanye nibintu bya politiki kandi bikomeye mubihugu byinshi. Uburenganzira bw'imyororokere bw'abagore bushobora kumvikana harimo n'uburenganzira bwo kubona byoroshye gukuramo inda kandi byemewe n'amategeko. Amategeko yo gukuramo inda aratandukanye no kubuzwa burundu (Repubulika ya Dominikani, El Salvador, Malta, Nikaragwa, Vatikani) [219] n'ibihugu nka Kanada, aho nta tegeko ribuza. Mu bihugu byinshi aho gukuramo inda byemewe n’amategeko, abagore barashobora kubona serivisi nke zo gukuramo inda. Mu bihugu bimwe, gukuramo inda biremewe gusa kurokora ubuzima bw’umugore utwite, cyangwa niba inda yaturutse ku gufata ku ngufu cyangwa kuryamana. Hariho kandi ibihugu aho amategeko yigenga, ariko mubikorwa biragoye cyane gukuramo inda, kubera ko abaganga benshi banga kujya mu gisirikare. [221] Kuba mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe aho gukuramo inda byemewe n'amategeko mu byukuri biragoye cyane kubona kimwe muri byo ntibivugwaho rumwe; Umuryango w'abibumbye mu cyemezo cyarwo cyo mu 2017 cyo kongera ingufu mu gukumira no guca burundu ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore n’abakobwa: ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo ryasabye ibihugu kwemeza "gukuramo inda ku mutekano aho serivisi nk'izo zemewe n’amategeko y’igihugu". [223] Komisiyo ishinzwe guca ivangura rikorerwa abagore ibona ko icyaha cyo gukuramo inda ari "ihohoterwa ry’ubuzima bw’imyororokere n’imyororokere y’abagore n’uburenganzira" n’uburyo bw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina; igika cya 18 cy’icyifuzo rusange cyacyo No 35 ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa abagore, rivugurura icyifuzo rusange No 19 kivuga ko: "Ihohoterwa ry’ubuzima bw’imyororokere n’imyororokere y’abagore n’uburenganzira, nko kuboneza urubyaro ku gahato, gukuramo inda ku gahato, gutwita ku gahato, icyaha cyo gukuramo inda , guhakana cyangwa gutinda gukuramo inda neza no kwita ku gukuramo inda, gukomeza ku gahato ku gahato, guhohotera no gufata nabi abagore n’abakobwa bashaka amakuru y’ubuzima bw’imyororokere n’imyororokere, ibicuruzwa na serivisi, ni uburyo bw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, bitewe n’ibihe, rishobora kuba ryinshi kwica urubozo, ubugome, ubumuntu cyangwa gutesha agaciro. " abagore, harimo [...] amategeko ahana gukuramo inda ". [185] Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Human Rights Watch kibitangaza ngo "Gukuramo inda ni ikintu cy’amarangamutima kandi gishimisha ibitekerezo byimbitse. Icyakora, kubona uburyo bunoze bwo kubona serivisi zo gukuramo inda ku mutekano ni mbere na mbere uburenganzira bwa muntu. Aho gukuramo inda bifite umutekano kandi byemewe n'amategeko, nta muntu uhatirwa kubikora. imwe. Iyo gukuramo inda bitemewe kandi bidafite umutekano, abagore bahatirwa gutwara inda batifuzaga kugeza igihe cyangwa guhura n’ingaruka zikomeye z’ubuzima ndetse n’urupfu. Abagera kuri 13% bapfa bapfa babyara ku isi hose ni ukubera gukuramo inda ku buryo butemewe - bapfa hagati ya 68.000 na 78.000 buri mwaka. "[224 ] Nk’uko Human Rights Watch ibivuga, "kwanga uburenganzira bw'umugore utwite bwo gufata icyemezo cyigenga ku bijyanye no gukuramo inda bibangamira cyangwa bibangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu butandukanye." [225] gukuramo inda kuruta umugore w'umuzungu. [227] Kiliziya Gatolika n'andi madini menshi ya gikirisitu, cyane cyane ababonaga ko ari uburenganzira bwa gikristo, kandi Abayahudi benshi ba orotodogisi babona ko gukuramo inda atari uburenganzira, ahubwo ko ari bibi kandi ko ari icyaha cyica. [228] Uburusiya nicyo gihugu cya mbere cyemeje gukuramo inda no gutanga ubuvuzi ku buntu mu bitaro bya Leta. Nyuma ya Revolution yo mu Kwakira, ibaba ry<nowiki>'abagore b'ishyaka rya Bolshevik (Zhenotdel) ryemeje Bolsheviks kwemeza gukuramo inda (nk '' ingamba z'agateganyo '). Bolsheviks yemeye gukuramo inda mu Gushyingo 1920. Bwari ubwa mbere mu mateka y'</nowiki>isi abagore batsindira uburenganzira bwo gukuramo inda ku buntu mu bitaro bya Leta. ====== Guhohoterwa mugihe cyo kubyara ====== Ingingo nyamukuru: Ihohoterwa mugihe cyo kubyara Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore mu gihe cyo kubyara ni ikibazo giherutse kugaragara ku isi no guhonyora uburenganzira bw’umugore. [229] Ihohoterwa mugihe cyo kubyara ni ukwirengagiza, guhohoterwa kumubiri no kutubaha mugihe cyo kubyara. Ubu buvuzi bufatwa nko guhonyora uburenganzira bw'umugore. Ifite kandi ingaruka zo kubuza abagore gushaka ubuvuzi mbere yo kubyara no gukoresha izindi serivisi zita ku buzima. ====== Gushyingirwa kw'abana ====== Umubare w'abana bavuka ku bagore 1.000 bafite imyaka 15–19, kwisi yose Gushyingirwa kw'abana ni umuco ukwirakwira ku isi hose, kandi akenshi bifitanye isano n'ubukene n'ubusumbane bushingiye ku gitsina. Gushyingirwa kw'abana bibangamira ubuzima bw'imyororokere y'abakobwa bakiri bato, bigatuma ibyago byongera ibibazo byo gutwita cyangwa kubyara. Ingorane nk'izo nizo zitera impfu nyinshi mu bakobwa bo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. [231] [232] [233] ====== Gutwita ku gahato ====== Gutwita ku gahato ni akamenyero ko guhatira umugore cyangwa umukobwa gusama, akenshi mu rwego rwo gushyingirwa ku gahato, harimo no gushimuta abageni, binyuze ku ngufu (harimo gufata ku ngufu abashakanye, gufata ku ngufu no gufata ku ngufu jenoside) cyangwa muri gahunda ya korora imbata (reba ubworozi bw'abacakara muri Amerika). Nuburyo bwo guhatira imyororokere, byari bisanzwe mumateka, kandi biracyagaragara mubice byisi. Mu kinyejana cya 20, leta yashyingiranywe ku gahato hagamijwe kongera umubare w'abaturage byakorwaga na guverinoma zimwe na zimwe z’igitugu, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Khmer Rouge muri Kamboje, bwahatiraga abantu gushyingirwa babategeka kubyara, kugira ngo bongere abaturage no gukomeza impinduramatwara. [234] Gutwita ku gahato bifitanye isano cyane nigiciro cyumugeni. [235] ==== Umudendezo wo guhohoterwa ==== Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, hamwe, ibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi byibasiye cyane cyane abagore. Itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryerekeye guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rigira riti: "ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore ni ikimenyetso cy’imibanire y’uburinganire bw’amateka hagati y’abagabo n’abagore" kandi ngo "ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore ni bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bw’imibereho abagore bahatirwa mu mwanya wabo. ugereranije n'abagabo. " bw'uburenganzira bwa muntu n'ubwoko bw'ivangura rikorerwa abagore kandi bisobanura ibikorwa byose by'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina bivamo, cyangwa bikaba byaviramo ingaruka mbi ku mubiri, ku gitsina, mu mutwe cyangwa mu bukungu cyangwa ku mibabaro ku bagore, harimo n'iterabwoba ry'ibyo bikorwa, agahato cyangwa kwamburwa umudendezo uko bishakiye, byaba mu ruhame cyangwa mu buzima bwite ". [236] Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rishobora gukorwa n’abantu ku giti cyabo, n'amatsinda, cyangwa na Leta. Irashobora kugaragara mwiherero cyangwa kumugaragaro. Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rishobora kuba ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ihohoterwa ryo mu mutwe, cyangwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mibereho. Bumwe mu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rifite umuco gakondo: ubwicanyi bwubahwa, ihohoterwa ry’ubukwe, gutema igitsina gore. Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rifatwa n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi "ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima rusange no guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu." [237] ==== Amategeko yumuryango ==== Mu mategeko agenga abagabo yiganjemo abagabo, abagore bari bafite uburenganzira buke, niba buhari, bagengwa n’umugabo cyangwa bene wabo b'abagabo. Ibitekerezo byemewe n'amategeko byabayeho mu binyejana byinshi, nko guhisha, imbaraga z'abashakanye, amategeko y'umutware na shebuja, byatumaga abagore bagenzurwa cyane n'abagabo babo. Ibibujijwe mu mategeko yo gushyingirwa byageze no mubuzima rusange, nk'utubari. Imyitozo nkubukwe, igiciro cyumugeni cyangwa serivisi yumugeni byari, kandi n'ubu biracyariho mubice bimwe byisi, byari bisanzwe. Ibihugu bimwe bikomeje gusaba kugeza na nubu kurera abagabo kubagore, badafite abagore badashobora gukoresha uburenganzira bwabaturage. Ibindi bikorwa bibi birimo gushyingirwa nabakobwa bato, akenshi kubagabo bakuze cyane. Muri gahunda nyinshi zemewe n'amategeko, umugabo yari afite imbaraga zuzuye kumuryango; nk'urugero, muri Espagne ya Franco, nubwo uruhare rw'umugore rwasobanuwe nk'uruhare rwo mu rugo rwagombaga kwirinda cyane cyane rubanda kugira ngo rwite ku bana, uburenganzira bwemewe n'amategeko ku bana bwari ubwa se; kugeza mu 1970 umugabo yashoboraga guha umwana w'umuryango kurera atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya n'umugore we. [238] Kugeza mu 1975, abagore bo muri Espagne bakeneye uruhushya rw'umugabo wabo (byitwa gushyingirwa kwa permiso) mu bikorwa byinshi, birimo akazi, kugenda kure y'urugo, ndetse no gutunga umutungo. Ubusuwisi ni kimwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi byanyuma byashyizeho uburinganire bw’umugabo mu bashakanye: uburenganzira bw’umugore bubatse bwabujijwe cyane kugeza mu 1988, igihe ivugurura ry’amategeko ritanga uburinganire bw’umugabo mu bashakanye, rikuraho ububasha bw’amategeko bw’umugabo, ryatangiye gukurikizwa (iri vugurura ryari ryaremejwe mu 1985 n’abatora muri referendum, batoye gato bashyigikira 54.7% by’abatoye bemeza). [240] [241] [242] [243] Ikindi gice gishishikaje abategarugori ni amategeko y’ubusambanyi, kubera itandukaniro rikabije ry’amategeko n’imibereho hagati y’uburyo ubusambanyi bw’umugore n’umugabo bwafatwaga mu mategeko mpanabyaha ndetse n’amategeko y’umuryango mu mico myinshi, abambere bakaba barahanwe bikomeye, kugeza kuri igihano cyurupfu, no gukandamizwa bikabije nko kwica icyubahiro, mugihe aba nyuma bakunze kwihanganira, ndetse bagashishikarizwa nkikimenyetso cyimibereho yabagabo. Mu Burayi, ibyo byari ukuri cyane cyane mu Burayi bw’Amajyepfo, kandi ubwicanyi bw’icyubahiro nabwo bwari bumenyerewe mu mateka muri kano karere, kandi "habaye ubwicanyi bw 'icyubahiro" mu kwibuka mu bihugu bya Mediterane nko mu Butaliyani n'Ubugereki. "[244] gakondo mumico yubufaransa kubagabo bo murwego rwo hejuru kugira ba nyirabuja, hamwe no kwihanganira ibyaha byifuzo (igifaransa: icyaha passionnel) yakorewe abagore badahemutse yerekana aya mahame, yanashyigikiwe n’amategeko ahana y’Ubufaransa yo mu 1810 (yateganyaga kugirira impuhwe abagabo bishe abagore babo bafashwe basambana, ariko ntibireba abagore bishe abagabo babo mu bihe nk'ibyo, kandi aribyo? bafashe ubusambanyi bw'abagore n'abagabo mu buryo butandukanye, [245] bwakomeje gukurikizwa kugeza 1975). Amahame nkaya yabayeho muri Espagne [246] (ibyaha byo kwifuza kugeza 1963, [247] nubusambanyi - bisobanurwa ukundi kubagore nabagabo - kugeza 1978). Ingendo zigezweho Abaminisitiri ba mbere b’abagore ba Finlande bazanywe mu Nteko ishinga amategeko ya Finilande nyuma gato y’ikinyejana cya 20. [249] Uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo: Hedvig Gebhard (1867–1961), umudepite, na Miina Sillanpää (1866–1952), Minisitiri w’Imibereho Myiza y'Abaturage, [249] [250] mu 1910. Video yo hanze Eleanor Roosevelt na John F. Kennedy (Komisiyo ya Perezida ku miterere y'abagore) - NARA yahinze.jpg amashusho ya videwo Ibyiringiro byabantu hamwe na Eleanor Roosevelt; Bimeze bite ku bagore?, 59:07, 1962. Eleanor Roosevelt, umuyobozi wa komisiyo ya perezida ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’umugore, abaza Perezida John F. Kennedy, umunyamabanga w’umurimo Arthur Goldberg n'abandi, Open Vault yo muri WGBH. [251] Umwanditsi w’umunyamerika n’umunyamerika Zainab Salbi, washinze Women for Women International Mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho uburenganzira bw'umugore bwongeye kuba ikibazo gikomeye mu isi ivuga icyongereza. Mu myaka ya za 1960 uwo mutwe witwaga "feminism" cyangwa "kwibohora kw'abagore." Abagorozi bifuzaga guhembwa kimwe n'abagabo, uburenganzira bungana mu mategeko, n'ubwisanzure bwo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa kutabyara na gato. Imbaraga zabo zabonetse ibisubizo bivanze. [252] Inama mpuzamahanga y’abagore (ICW) n’umuryango wa mbere w’abagore wakoze ku mipaka y’igihugu hagamijwe guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ku bagore. Muri Werurwe na Mata 1888, abayobozi b'abagore bateraniye i Washington, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hamwe n'abavuga 80 n'intumwa 49 bahagarariye imiryango 53 y'abagore baturutse mu bihugu 9: Kanada, Amerika, Irilande, Ubuhinde, Ubwongereza, Finlande, Danemark, Ubufaransa na Noruveje. Abagore bo mumashyirahamwe yabigize umwuga, ihuriro ryabakozi, amatsinda yubuhanzi hamwe na societe nziza. Inama z'igihugu zifatanije na ICW bityo zikumva ubwabo ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mu 1904, ICW yahuriye i Berlin mu Budage. [253] ICW yakoranye n’umuryango w’ibihugu mu myaka ya za 1920 ndetse n’umuryango w’abibumbye nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Uyu munsi, ICW ifite Inama Ngishwanama n’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’umuryango w’abibumbye, icyemezo cy’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta gishobora kugera ku Muryango w’abibumbye. Kugeza ubu, igizwe n'ibihugu 70 kandi ifite icyicaro i Lasaunne, mu Busuwisi. Inama mpuzamahanga zikorwa buri myaka itatu. Mu Bwongereza, igitekerezo rusange cy’abantu benshi bashyigikira uburinganire bw’amategeko cyariyongereye cyane, bitewe n’akazi gakomeye k’abagore mu nshingano z’abagabo gakondo mu ntambara zombi z’isi. Mu myaka ya za 1960, hashyizweho gahunda yo gushyiraho amategeko, hashingiwe kuri raporo ya komite yatoranijwe ya Depite Willie Hamilton, umushahara we ungana ku mushinga w'akazi ungana, [254] hashyirwaho akanama gashinzwe ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, umushinga wa Lady Sear umushinga w'itegeko rirwanya ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, guverinoma Green Impapuro zo mu 1973, kugeza mu 1975 igihe itegeko rya mbere ry’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina ry’Abongereza, itegeko rihembwa kimwe, na komisiyo ishinzwe amahirwe angana. [255] [256] Abifashijwemo na guverinoma y'Ubwongereza, ibindi bihugu bya EEC ntibyatinze gukurikiza amasezerano yo kwemeza ko amategeko y'ivangura azavaho mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w'Uburayi. Muri Amerika, Umuryango w’igihugu w’abagore (NONAHA) washinzwe mu 1966 hagamijwe kuzana uburinganire bw’abagore bose. NONAHA yari itsinda rimwe ryingenzi ryarwaniye kuvugurura uburenganzira bungana (ERA). Iri vugurura ryavuze ko "uburinganire bw’uburenganzira buteganywa n’amategeko butagomba guhakana cyangwa gukurwaho na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika cyangwa igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose bitewe n’imibonano mpuzabitsina." Abaterankunga bemezaga ko bizafasha abagore gufatwa kimwe. Ariko abanenga batinyaga ko bishobora kwambura abagore uburenganzira bwo guterwa inkunga n’amafaranga n’abagabo babo. Iri vugurura ryapfuye mu 1982 kubera ko ibihugu bidahagije byari byemeje. ERAs zashyizwe muri Kongere yakurikiyeho, ariko zirananirwa kwemezwa. Women for Women International (WfWI) n’umuryango udaharanira inyungu utanga ubufasha bufatika n’imyitwarire ku bagore barokotse intambara. WfWI ifasha abategarugori kongera kubaka ubuzima bwabo nyuma y’intambara nyuma y’intambara binyuze muri gahunda y’umwaka itangirana n’imfashanyo itaziguye n’ubujyanama bw’amarangamutima kandi ikubiyemo ubumenyi bw’ubuzima (urugero, gusoma, kubara) niba bibaye ngombwa, kwigisha ubumenyi bw’uburenganzira, uburezi bw’ubuzima, ubumenyi bw’akazi amahugurwa no guteza imbere ubucuruzi buciriritse. Uyu muryango washinzwe mu 1993 na Zainab Salbi, Umunyamerika wo muri Iraki na we ubwe warokotse Intambara ya Irani na Iraki ndetse n'umugabo wa Salbi wahoze ari Amjad Atallah. Kuva ku ya 20 Kamena 12, WfWI iyobowe na Afshan Khan, wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru muri UNICEF wabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa mbere wa WfWI kuva uwashinze Zainab Salbi yeguye ku mirimo ye kugira ngo amara igihe kinini mu kwandika no gutanga ibiganiro. [259] Inama y’igihugu y’abagore bo muri Kanada (Conseil national des femmes du Canada), ni umuryango uharanira inyungu z’Abanyakanada ufite icyicaro i Ottawa ugamije kuzamura imibereho y’abagore, imiryango, n’abaturage. Ihuriro ry’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta y’abagabo n’abagore n’inama z’ibanze n’intara z’abagore, ni Umunyakanada mu Nama Mpuzamahanga y’Abagore (ICW). Iyi nama yitaye ku nzego zirimo gutora kw'abagore, abinjira n'abasohoka, ubuvuzi, uburezi, itangazamakuru, ibidukikije, n'ibindi byinshi. [260] Ryashinzwe ku ya 27 Ukwakira 1857 i Toronto, muri Ontario, ni rimwe mu mashyirahamwe aharanira inyungu za kera mu gihugu. Uharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore wo muri Arabiya Sawudite, Loujain al-Hathloul yatawe muri yombi muri Gicurasi 2018, hamwe n'abandi 10 baharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore muri Arabiya Sawudite. Ishyirahamwe rirengera no kurengera uburenganzira bw’umugore muri Arabiya Sawudite ni umuryango utegamiye kuri leta wa Arabiya Sawudite washinzwe gutanga uburenganzira ku burenganzira bw’umugore. Yashinzwe na Wajeha al-Huwaider na Fawzia Al-Uyyouni, ikura mu rugendo rwo mu 2007 kugira ngo ibone abagore uburenganzira bwo gutwara. Iri shyirahamwe ntabwo ryemewe na guverinoma ya Arabiya Sawudite, kandi ryasabwe kudatera imyigaragambyo. [262] Mu kiganiro 2007, al-Huwaider yasobanuye intego: "Ishyirahamwe rizaba rigizwe na shampiyona nyinshi, buri shyirahamwe rikurikirana ikibazo cyangwa uburenganzira butandukanye ... guhagararira abagore mu nkiko za shariya; gushyiraho imyaka [ntarengwa] ku bashakanye b'abakobwa; kwemerera abagore kwita ku bibazo byabo bwite mu bigo bya Leta no kubemerera kwinjira mu nyubako za leta; kurinda abagore ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, nk'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa mu magambo, cyangwa kumubuza kwiga, akazi, cyangwa gushyingirwa, cyangwa kumuhatira gutandukana ... "[263] Muri Ukraine, FEMEN yashinzwe mu 2008. FEMEN ifite amatsinda yimpuhwe mubihugu byinshi byu Burayi binyuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Umuryango w’abibumbye n’inama z’isi Mu 1946, Umuryango w’abibumbye washyizeho komisiyo ishinzwe imiterere y’abagore. [264] [265] Ubusanzwe nk'igice kijyanye n'imiterere y'abagore, ishami ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu, ishami rishinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage, ubu rikaba rigizwe n'inama y'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage (ECOSOC). Kuva mu 1975, Loni yagiye ikora inama zitandukanye ku isi ku bibazo by’umugore, guhera ku nama mpuzamahanga y’umwaka mpuzamahanga w’abagore mu mujyi wa Mexico. Izi nama zashyizeho ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’uburenganzira bw’umugore, ariko kandi ryerekana amacakubiri hagati y’abagore b’imico itandukanye n’ingorane zo kugerageza gukurikiza amahame ku isi hose. [266] Hakozwe Inama enye ku Isi, iyambere mu mujyi wa Mexico (Umwaka mpuzamahanga w’abagore, 1975), iya kabiri i Copenhagen (1980) n'iya gatatu i Nairobi (1985). Mu nama ya kane y’isi ku bagore i Beijing (1995), hashyizweho umukono ku ihuriro ry’ibikorwa. Harimo kwiyemeza kugera ku "buringanire no guha ubushobozi abagore". [267] [268] Imihigo imwe yongeye gushimangirwa n’ibihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’abibumbye mu nama y’ikinyagihumbi mu 2000 kandi byagaragaye mu ntego z'ikinyagihumbi zizagerwaho muri 2015. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Umuryango w’abibumbye washinzwe binyuze mu guhuza Ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere abagore, Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi n’amahugurwa kigamije guteza imbere abagore, ibiro by’umujyanama wihariye cyangwa ibibazo by’uburinganire biteza imbere abagore n’ikigega cy’umuryango w’abibumbye gishinzwe iterambere. Abagore ku cyemezo cy'Inteko rusange 63/311. ==== Uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bw'umugore ==== Ugereranije n’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore w’iburengerazuba, uburenganzira bw’umugore mpuzamahanga bwugarijwe n’ibibazo bitandukanye. Nubwo byitwa uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bwabagore, birashobora kandi kwitwa feminism yisi ya gatatu. Uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bw’umugore bukemura ibibazo nko gushyingirwa, uburetwa bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina, gushyingirwa ku gahato, no gutema igitsina gore. Nk’uko uyu muryango ukomeza ubivuga, EQUAL MEANS EQUAL, "Umuryango w’abibumbye uza mu mibare iteye ubwoba: Abahohotewe n’igitsina gore - umuhango wo gukuraho igituba cy’umukobwa ukiri muto kugira ngo ube umwizerwa - ni miliyoni 130. Abakobwa bagera kuri miliyoni 60 bahinduka 'abageni b’abana,' guhatirwa gushaka, rimwe na rimwe nyuma yo gushimutwa no gufatwa ku ngufu ". [269] Ikintu, cyashyizweho kugirango kirwanye ibintu nkibi ni Amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore. Yashyizweho kugira ngo ifashe kurwanya ivangura mu burezi, mu bashakanye, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, na politiki. Nubwo ibi bitareba ibihugu bitari iburengerazuba gusa, leta 193 zarabyemeje. Bimwe mu bihugu byayirwanyije birimo Irani, Palau, Somaliya, Sudani y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo, Tonga, na Amerika. === Banki y'Isi === Raporo ya 2019 kuva Banki y'Isi yasanze abagore bafite uburenganzira busesuye ku bagabo mu bihugu bitandatu gusa: Ububiligi, Danemarke, Ubufaransa, Lativiya, Luxembourg na Suwede. === Uburenganzira bwa muntu === Itangazo mpuzamahanga ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu, ryemejwe mu 1948, ryerekana "uburenganzira bungana bw’abagabo n’abagore", kandi rikemura ibibazo by’uburinganire n’uburinganire. [271] Mu 1979, Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yemeje Amasezerano yerekeye guca burundu ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore (CEDAW) kugira ngo ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’itegeko ryerekeye guca ivangura rikorerwa abagore. Yavuze ko ari umushinga mpuzamahanga w’uburenganzira ku bagore, watangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 3 Nzeri 1981. Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’abibumbye bitaremeje aya masezerano ni Irani, Palau, Somaliya, Sudani, Tonga, na Amerika. Niue n'Umujyi wa Vatikani, ibihugu bitari mu muryango, na byo ntibabyemeje. Intara iheruka kuba ishyaka muri ayo masezerano ni Sudani y'Amajyepfo, ku ya 30 Mata 2015. [273] Amasezerano asobanura ivangura rikorerwa abagore mu magambo akurikira: Itandukaniro iryo ari ryo ryose, guhezwa cyangwa kubuzwa bikorwa hashingiwe ku mibonano mpuzabitsina bifite ingaruka cyangwa intego yo kubangamira cyangwa gutesha agaciro kumenyekana, kwishimira cyangwa gukora imyitozo y’abagore, hatitawe ku mibereho yabo, hashingiwe ku buringanire bw’abagabo n’abagore, uburenganzira bwa muntu n'ubwisanzure bw'ibanze muri politiki, ubukungu, imibereho, umuco, ubwenegihugu cyangwa urundi rwego urwo arirwo rwose. Ishiraho kandi gahunda y'ibikorwa byo gukuraho ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina aho ibihugu byemeza ayo masezerano bisabwa gushyiraho uburinganire hagati y’amategeko y’imbere mu gihugu, kuvanaho ingingo zose z’ivangura mu mategeko yabo, no gushyiraho ingingo nshya zo kwirinda ivangura rishingiye ku ivangura. abagore. Bagomba kandi gushyiraho inkiko n’ibigo bya Leta byemeza ko abagore barinda ivangura, kandi bagafata ingamba zo gukuraho ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rikorerwa abagore ku giti cyabo, imiryango, n’inganda. [274] Gushyingirwa, gutandukana, n'amategeko y'umuryango Ingingo ya 16 y’Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ry’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu ikubiyemo uburenganzira bwo kwemerera abagabo n’abagore gushyingirwa no kubona umuryango. [271] (1) Abagabo n'abagore bageze mu kigero cyuzuye, nta mbogamizi zishingiye ku bwoko, ubwenegihugu cyangwa idini, bafite uburenganzira bwo gushaka no gushinga umuryango. Bafite uburenganzira bungana nko gushyingirwa, mu gihe cyo gushyingirwa no guseswa. [275] (2) Ubukwe bugomba kwinjizwa gusa kubuntu kandi byuzuye kubushake bwabashakanye. (3) Umuryango ni urwego rusanzwe kandi rwibanze rwumuryango kandi rufite uburenganzira bwo kurindwa na societe na leta. Ingingo ya 16 ya CEDAW iteganya ko, "1. Ibihugu bigize ibihugu bizafata ingamba zose zikwiye zo gukuraho ivangura rikorerwa abagore mu bibazo byose bijyanye n’ubukwe n’imibanire y’umuryango [...]". [276] Mu burenganzira burimo harimo uburenganzira bw'umugore bwo kwihitiramo kandi byumvikanyweho guhitamo uwo bashakanye; kugira uburenganzira bwa kibyeyi kubana be hatitawe ku mibereho ye; uburenganzira bw'umugore wubatse guhitamo umwuga cyangwa umwuga, no kugira uburenganzira ku mutungo mu bashakanye. Usibye ibyo, "Gusezerana no gushyingirwa k'umwana nta ngaruka byemewe n'amategeko". [276] Gushyingirwa bifite abagore benshi ni umuco utavugwaho rumwe, wiganje mu bice bimwe na bimwe byisi. Ibyifuzo rusange byatanzwe na komite ishinzwe kurandura ivangura rikorerwa abagore, leta mu cyifuzo rusange No 21, Uburinganire mu bashakanye n’imibanire y’umuryango: "14. Irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mutima no ku mutungo kuri we no ku bamutunga ku buryo gushyingirwa bigomba gucibwa intege kandi bikabuzwa. "[277] Kubana kw'abashakanye kimwe n'ababyeyi barera abana birasanzwe mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'isi. Komite ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu yagize iti: [278] 27. Mu guha agaciro kumenyekanisha umuryango mu rwego rwingingo ya 23, ni ngombwa kwemera igitekerezo cyubwoko butandukanye bwimiryango, harimo abashakanye batashyingiranywe hamwe nabana babo hamwe nababyeyi barera abana hamwe nabana babo kandi bakarebwa kimwe. abategarugori muriki gice (Igitekerezo rusange 19 igika cya 2 interuro yanyuma). Imiryango y'ababyeyi barera abana benshi igizwe numugore umwe urera umwana umwe cyangwa benshi, kandi amashyaka yibihugu agomba gusobanura ingamba zifatika zihari kugirango ashobore kurangiza imirimo yababyeyi ashingiye kuburinganire numugabo mumwanya umwe. == Itangazo rya Vienne na Gahunda y'ibikorwa == Itangazo na gahunda y'ibikorwa bya Vienne (VDPA) ni itangazo ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu ryemeranijweho mu nama mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bwa muntu ku ya 25 Kamena 1993 i Vienne, ustria. Iri tangazo ryemera uburenganzira bw’umugore nk’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Igika cya 18 kigira kiti: [279] Uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’umugore n’umukobwa-umwana ni igice ntagereranywa, kidasanzwe kandi ntigabanywa uburenganzira bwa muntu. Uruhare rwuzuye kandi rungana rw’abagore mu buzima bwa politiki, ubwenegihugu, ubukungu, imibereho n’umuco, ku rwego rw’igihugu, uturere ndetse n’amahanga, no kurandura ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina ni intego z’umuryango mpuzamahanga. Umwanzuro w’akanama gashinzwe umutekano ku isi 1325 Ingingo nyamukuru: Icyemezo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano Ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2000, Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe umutekano yemeje ku mwanzuro w’inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe umutekano 1325, inyandiko ya mbere yemewe n’amategeko yatanzwe n’akanama gashinzwe umutekano ku isi isaba ibihugu byose kubahiriza byimazeyo amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera ikiremwamuntu n’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu akoreshwa mu burenganzira. no kurengera abagore n’abakobwa mu gihe na nyuma y’intambara yitwaje intwaro. === Amasezerano y'akarere ===     ==== Ingingo z'ingenzi ==== Amasezerano ya Belém do Pará, Protokole ya Maputo, n’amasezerano yo gukumira no kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’Abanyamerika yerekeye gukumira, guhana, no guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, uzwi ku izina rya Belém do Pará, yemejwe n’umuryango w’ibihugu by’Amerika ku ya 9 Kamena 1994. Kuva muri Werurwe 2020, 32 muri 34 cyangwa Ibihugu 35 bigize Umuryango w’umuryango w’ibihugu by’Amerika byashyize umukono ku masezerano, byemezwa cyangwa byinjira mu masezerano ya Belém do Pará; gusa Kanada, Cuba na Amerika ntibigeze. [281] [ingingo ya 1] Amasezerano y’amasezerano nyafurika y’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’abaturage ku burenganzira bw’umugore muri Afurika, uzwi ku izina rya Maputo Protocol, yemejwe n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ku ya 11 Nyakanga 2003 mu nama yayo ya kabiri yabereye i Maputo, [282] Mozambike. Ku ya 25 Ugushyingo 2005, imaze kwemezwa n’ibihugu 15 bisabwa bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika, ayo masezerano yatangiye gukurikizwa. Amasezerano yemeza ko uburenganzira bw’umugore burimo uburenganzira bwo kugira uruhare muri gahunda za politiki, uburinganire bw’imibereho n’ivya politiki n’abagabo, no kugenzura ubuzima bw’imyororokere, ndetse no guca burundu imyanya ndangagitsina y’abagore. [284] Amasezerano yo gukumira no kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, uzwi ku izina rya Istanbul, yemejwe n’inama y’Uburayi ku ya 11 Gicurasi 2011. Kuva muri Kamena 2020, ayo masezerano yashyizweho umukono n’umunyamuryango w’Inama y’Uburayi 45/47 bihugu n'Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi; 34 mu bashyizeho umukono na bo bemeje ayo masezerano. [285] === Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore === Itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye Itangazo ryerekeye guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore ryemejwe n’umuryango w’abibumbye mu 1993. Risobanura ko ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore ari "igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cy’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ritera, cyangwa rishobora kuviramo ingaruka mbi ku mubiri, ku gitsina cyangwa ku mitekerereze cyangwa kubabazwa ku bagore, harimo iterabwoba ry'ibyo bikorwa, ku gahato cyangwa kwamburwa umudendezo uko bishakiye, haba mu baturage cyangwa mu buzima bwite. "[286] Iki cyemezo cyagaragaje ko abagore bafite uburenganzira bwo kutagira ihohoterwa. Kubera iyo myanzuro, mu 1999, Inteko rusange yatangaje ko umunsi wo ku ya 25 Ugushyingo ari umunsi mpuzamahanga wo guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore. Ingingo ya 2 y’itangazo ryerekeye guca burundu ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore ryerekana uburyo butandukanye bw’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore: Ingingo ya kabiri: Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore rizasobanuka rikubiyemo, ariko ntirigarukira gusa kuri ibi bikurikira: . urugomo rujyanye no gukoreshwa; ) (c) Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri, rishingiye ku gitsina no mu mutwe ryakozwe cyangwa ryemejwe na Leta, aho ribaye hose. === Amasezerano ya Istanbul === Amasezerano y’Inama y’Uburayi yerekeye gukumira no kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, rizwi kandi ku izina rya Istanbul, ni cyo gitabo cya mbere cyemewe n'amategeko mu Burayi mu bijyanye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, [287] kandi ritangira gukurikizwa. 2014. [288] Ibihugu byemeza bigomba kwemeza ko ihohoterwa ryasobanuwe mu nyandiko yaryo ritemewe. Mu Ijambo ryayo ryibanze, Amasezerano avuga ko "gushyira mu bikorwa uburinganire bw’umugore n’abagabo ari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu gukumira ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore. nyirabayazana asangiye cyangwa yasangiye inzu imwe n’uwahohotewe. ". === Gufata ku ngufu n'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina === Ingingo nyamukuru: Urwego mpuzamahanga rwihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina Umusore ukomoka mu Bushinwa w’amoko wari muri imwe muri "bataillon ihumuriza" yingabo z’Ubuyapani, abazwa n’umusirikare w’ubumwe (reba abagore bahumuriza). Gufatwa ku ngufu, rimwe na rimwe byitwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ni igitero cy’umuntu urimo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa kwinjira mu wundi muntu atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya. Gufata ku ngufu muri rusange bifatwa nkicyaha gikomeye cyimibonano mpuzabitsina kimwe n’ihohoterwa ry’abaturage. Iyo bimwe mubikorwa byakwirakwijwe kandi kuri gahunda, gufata kungufu nubucakara bwibitsina byamenyekanye nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu kimwe nicyaha cyintambara. Gufata ku ngufu kandi ubu bizwi nkuburyo bwa jenoside iyo bikozwe hagamijwe gusenya, yose cyangwa igice, itsinda ryibasiwe. Nka jenoside ====== Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda ====== Mu 1998, Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda rwashyizweho n’umuryango w’abibumbye rwafashe ibyemezo by’ingenzi ko gufata ku ngufu ari icyaha cya jenoside hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga. Urubanza rwa Jean-Paul Akayesu, umuyobozi wa komini ya Taba mu Rwanda, rwemeje ko gufata ku ngufu ari kimwe mu bigize icyaha cya jenoside. Urubanza rwa Akayesu rurimo gusobanura no gusaba bwa mbere urukiko mpuzamahanga rw’amasezerano yo mu 1948 yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside. Urugereko rwa Mbere rw'Iremezo rwemeje ko gufata ku ngufu bisobanura ko ari "igitero cy’umubiri cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina cyakozwe ku muntu ku gahato ku gahato", kandi ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikaba ari ibikorwa bya jenoside mu gihe byakozwe hagamijwe kurimbura, muri rusange cyangwa igice, itsinda rigenewe. Yasanze ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryagize uruhare rukomeye mu bikorwa byo gusenya ubwoko bw’abatutsi kandi ko gufata ku ngufu byari gahunda kandi ko byakorewe abagore b’abatutsi gusa, bikagaragaza intego yihariye isabwa kugira ngo ibyo bikorwa bibe jenoside. [290] Umucamanza Navanethem Pillay mu ijambo rye nyuma y’urubanza yagize ati: "Kuva kera, gufata ku ngufu byafashwe nkimwe mu minyago y’intambara. Ubu bizafatwa nkicyaha cy’intambara. Turashaka kohereza ubutumwa bukomeye buvuga ko gufata ku ngufu bitakiriho. igikombe cy'intambara. " Nkicyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu === Ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu === Amasezerano y’i Roma asobanura ububasha bw’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha, yemera ko gufata ku ngufu, uburetwa bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina, gukora uburaya, gutwita ku gahato, kuboneza urubyaro, "cyangwa ubundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose bw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rifite uburemere bugereranywa" nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu niba ibikorwa ni bimwe mubikorwa byakwirakwijwe cyangwa kuri gahunda. [293] [294] Itangazo na gahunda y'ibikorwa bya Vienne kandi biramagana gufata ku ngufu buri gihe kimwe n'ubwicanyi, uburetwa bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina, ndetse no gutwita ku gahato, kuko ari "ukurenga ku mahame remezo y'uburenganzira bwa muntu mpuzamahanga n'amategeko agenga ikiremwamuntu." kandi bisaba igisubizo cyiza cyane. [295] Gufata ku ngufu byamenyekanye bwa mbere nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu igihe Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwahoze ari Yugosilaviya rwatangaga impapuro zo kumuta muri yombi zishingiye ku Masezerano y'i Jeneve no kurenga ku mategeko cyangwa gasutamo y'intambara. By'umwihariko, byaragaragaye ko abagore b’abayisilamu bo muri Foca (mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Bosiniya na Herzegovina) bakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina kandi rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abasirikare, abapolisi, ndetse n’abagize imitwe yitwara gisirikare nyuma yo kwigarurira umujyi muri Mata. 1992. [296] Inyandiko y'ibirego yari ifite akamaro kanini mu mategeko kandi ni bwo bwa mbere hakozwe iperereza ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina hagamijwe gukurikiranwa hashingiwe ku iyicarubozo no kuba imbata nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu. [296] Inyandiko y'ibirego yemejwe n'icyemezo cyo mu 2001 n'Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwahoze ari Yugosilaviya ko gufata ku ngufu no kuba imbata z'ibitsina ari ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Iki cyemezo cyamaganye ko abantu benshi bafatwa ku ngufu no kuba imbata z’abagore nk’intambara mu ntambara. Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwahoze ari Yugosilaviya rwasanze abagabo batatu bo muri Seribiya bo muri Bosiniya bahamwe n'icyaha cyo gufata ku ngufu abagore n'abakobwa bo muri Bosniak (Abayisilamu bo muri Bosiniya) (bamwe bafite imyaka 12 na 15 y'amavuko), i Foca, mu burasirazuba bwa Bosiniya na Herzegovina. Byongeye kandi, babiri muri abo bagabo bahamwe n’icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu cy’ubucakara bw’igitsina bazira gufata abagore n’abakobwa mu bigo byinshi by’imfungwa. Nyuma yaho, benshi mu bagore barazimiye. Raporo y’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu, yasohotse ku ya 28 Nyakanga 2020, abagore bakoze ingendo mu mahanga basubijwe muri Koreya ya Ruguru ku gahato kandi bakorerwa ihohoterwa, iyicarubozo, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ndetse n’andi makosa. Koreya ya Ruguru ibuza abaturage gutembera mu mahanga. Abo bagore bafunzwe bazira kubikora bakubiswe buri gihe, bakorerwa iyicarubozo, bakorerwa ubwambure ku gahato ndetse no gusaka ku mubiri. Abagore bavuze kandi ko mu gihe batwite, abayobozi ba gereza bakuyemo inda abana benshi bakubita abagore cyangwa babakora imirimo ivunanye. == Ibindi == Gushyingirwa ku gahato n'ubucakara Guhatira ku gahato abakobwa bake muri Pakisitani no gushyingirwa ku gahato Amasezerano y'inyongera yo mu 1956 yerekeye gukuraho ubucakara, ubucuruzi bw'abacakara, n'inzego n'ibikorwa bisa n'ubucakara bisobanura "ibigo n'imikorere isa n'ubucakara" birimo: [299] c) Ikigo cyangwa imyitozo iyo ari yo yose: ) cyangwa (ii) Umugabo w'umugore, umuryango we, cyangwa umuryango we, afite uburenganzira bwo kumwimurira undi muntu agaciro yakiriwe cyangwa ukundi; cyangwa (iii) Umugore ku rupfu rw'umugabo we agomba kuragwa undi muntu; == Reba == <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kumenya-uburenganzira-bw-abashakanye-bifasha-kugabanya-amakimbirane</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kumenya-uburenganzira-bw-abashakanye-bifasha-kugabanya-amakimbirane</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/topics/cvjp2jy8dxjt</ref> <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/uburinganire-ni-uburenganzira-si-impuhwe-perezida-kagame</ref> <ref>https://urwenya.wordpress.com/2015/01/01/uruhare-rwumugore-mu-guharanira-uburenganzira-bwe/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gmo.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=570 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224103142/https://gmo.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=570 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230224103150/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article4377</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230224103142/https://www.judiciary.gov.rw/uploads/tx_publications/law_803d1665f18163c7851eadf4f7ed61201501683556.pdf</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/kudasobanukirwa-uburenganzira-ku-buzima-bwimyororokere-biracyazamura-ihohoterwa-rishingiye-ku-gitsina-ubushakashatsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224103142/https://panorama.rw/kudasobanukirwa-uburenganzira-ku-buzima-bwimyororokere-biracyazamura-ihohoterwa-rishingiye-ku-gitsina-ubushakashatsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>http://haguruka.org.rw/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Inyoborabiganiro-ku-gushishikariza-abakobwa-kumenya-uburenganzira-bwabo.pdf</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423145408/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugore-numugabo-we/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandashia.com/2021/10/30/dore-amateka-ya-asiyah-umugore-wa-farawo-wareze-intumwa-mussa-as-akicwa-abambwe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224111211/https://rwandashia.com/2021/10/30/dore-amateka-ya-asiyah-umugore-wa-farawo-wareze-intumwa-mussa-as-akicwa-abambwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://historyopinion.com/rw/13598-wars-ancient-mesopotamia-part-8-bad-times-of-good-kings/</ref> <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/taliki-15-kamena-isomere-ibyaranze-uyu-munsi-mu-mateka-birimo-n-ishingwa-rya</ref> <ref>https://bwiza.com/?Ibigwi-by-Umwami-w-Abami-Constantine-n-uko-yaje-kubatizwa-ntibivugweho-rumwe</ref> <ref>https://umuragenamateka.rw<ref> 7xqkzrsnrq1b5t41xzvzdzeg30r4b66 0 14277 138685 111400 2026-09-17T12:22:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138685 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Euphorbia tirucalli 8zz.jpg|thumb|Umuyenzi|140x140px]] == Ibisobanuro == [[Dosiye:Euphorbia tirucalli 'Sticks on Fire' Closeup 3264px.jpg|thumb|Umuyenzi|132x132px]] [[Dosiye:Quebradura (Euphorbia tirucalli) - Flickr - Alejandro Bayer (2).jpg|left|thumb]] ni [[igiti]] gikunze kuba mubihuru, kikaba kiri muri bimwe m'umuryango w'[[Igiti|ibiti]] byimeza, Igiti cy'umuyenzi gikomoka mu majyepfo ya [[Afurika]], kikaba cyarakwirakwiye cyane mu turere dushyuha cyane nka magaya, umuyenzi ntago ukunze kurenza metero 6.<ref>https://www.jardiner-malin.fr/fiche/euphorbe-euphorbia-tirucalli-plante-crayon.html</ref><ref>https://www.aujardin.info/plantes/euphorbia-tirucalli.php</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/huye-gukuraho-insina-mu-mujyi-bigamije-isuku-ubuyobozi</ref> == Imijyi == [[Dosiye:Malpighiales - Euphorbia tirucalli - 1.jpg|thumb|Umuyenzi|137x137px]] imiyenzi ntago yemewe mu mujyi haba [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigali]] ndetse n'umujyi wa Huye, yakuweho ahandi iratemwa ikurwaho kuko yatezaga umwanda, n'inibihuru ikihishamo ibisambo, imiyenzi ufatwa nk'igihingwa gitandukanya imirima cyangwa se amasambu muduce tw'icyaro.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/isuku-mu-mujyi-wa-huye-gutema-insina-imiyenzi-yakuweho-imitaka-ya-me2u</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibihingwa-bimwe-n-inzitiro-z-imiyenzi-byaciwe-mu-mujyi-wa-huye</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12814/Opinions/kigali-city-doing-well-to-ban-hedges-imiyenzi</ref> [[Dosiye:Euphorbia tirucalli 13zz.jpg|thumb|141x141px|Imiyenzi mikuru]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] kdm9t5ieucyrqcfrcobfgi09fcekuxc 0 14307 138628 111789 2026-09-17T12:08:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138628 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Smoke Machine engineer.jpg|thumb|Umwuka ku isi|163x163px]] [[Dosiye:SmogNY.jpg|thumb|umwuka|163x163px]] [[Dosiye:U.S. Air Force at Pittsburgh air show.jpg|thumb]] === Umwuka === Umwuka ni uruvange rwa gazi rutagaragara ruba mu kirere kandi ruhumekwa n’ibinyabuzima ariko rushobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yabyo ndetse n’ibidukikije muri rusange, urwo ruvange rw’ibinyabuzima by’ubwoko bwose harimo umuntu, inyamaswa z’amoko yose, ibimera by’amoko yose byaba ibiri ku butaka, mu butaka, mu mazi cyangwa mu kirere hamwe n’ubugirirane burangwa hagati yabyo byose ubisanga mu mwuka. <ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umwuka-wanduye-muri-kigali-ubwiyongere-bw-ubushyuhe-u-rwanda-rwaba-rukeneye</ref><ref name=":1">https://amarebe.com/ikiguzi-gitangaje-cyumwuka-duhumeka/</ref> === Umwuka mwiza n'umwuka mubi === [[Dosiye:Candle smoke structure 1.jpg|thumb|Umwotsi|165x165px]] Kimwe mu bituma ubuzima bushoboka ku Isi by’umwihariko, ni umwuka mwiza _( wa oxygène) ugize 21% by’uruhurirane rw’imyuka iri mu kirere cy’Isi (atmosphère), ugakurikira Nitrogène yihariye 78% by’imyuka yose iri mu kirere.Undi mwuka w’ingenzi ni gaz carbonique (CO2), ubarizwa mu ruhurirane rw’imyuka isigaye igize 1% by’iri mu kirere, CO2 ikiharira 0,04%. Nubwo CO2 ari nke cyane mu [[Ikirere|kirere]], igira akamaro gakomeye mu buzima, aho akazwi ari uko yifashishwa n’ibimera mu gukura kwabyo (photosynthèse). Icyakora uyu mwuka unagira uruhare rufatika mu kuringaniza ingano y’ubushyuhe buri ku Isi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Luftverschmutzung-Ursachen&Auswirkungen.svg|thumb|169x169px|Igishushanyo kigaragaza imyuka ba yiganje mukirere]] === Izuba === Ubusanzwe izuba ni ryo soko y’ingenzi y’ingufu zikoreshwa ku Isi mu kurema ubushyuhe. Ziramutse zidahari, Isi yaba ikonje ku kigero ibinyabuzima byinshi bitashobora kwihanganira. Iyo Isi yakiriye izi ngufu z’Izuba, nayo izohereza mu kirere, aho zihura na CO2 ndetse n’umwuka uba wazamutse uturuka mu mazi ari ku Isi (vapeur d’eau).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] medwks9vwczo9zqvx6u5t9qdezwnjne 0 14331 138686 127940 2026-09-17T12:22:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138686 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grass at a lawn with morning dew 05.jpg|thumb|Ibtatsi bifata ubutaka|178x178px]] [[Dosiye:Kwahira ibyatsi.jpg|thumb|ibyatsi bifata ubutaka|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Icyarire.jpg|left|thumb]] Ubu ni uburyo bwifashishwa mu buhinzi aho batera ibyatsi bifite imizi miremire bigafata ubutaka bushobora kugenda bitewe ni [[ISURI|isuri]] aha twavuga nka [[Tribusakumu|tiribusakumu]], [[Setariya|sitariya]], mukuna, [[urubingo]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/akarere-ka-ngororero-kaza-imbere-mu-kugira-ubutaka-bwinshi-butwarwa-n-isuri-rwb</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umuburo-wa-minisiteri-y-ibidukikije-ku-kwirinda-ibiza-biterwa-n-imvura</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/umutekano/article/rutsiro-imvura-yahitanye-umuntu-inasenya-ibikorwa-remezo-byinshi</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/musanze-umusozi-wari-ugiye-kuriduka-watangiye-kubungabungwa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/muhanga-abacukuzi-bamabuye-yagaciro-bagiye-gukora-umuganda-kuri-hegitari-zirenga-ibihumbi-3/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226103918/https://umuseke.rw/2022/05/muhanga-abacukuzi-bamabuye-yagaciro-bagiye-gukora-umuganda-kuri-hegitari-zirenga-ibihumbi-3/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2012/10/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_95.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226103915/https://www.urwego.com/2012/10/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_95.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/Burera-Rwanda-na-Uganda-biri-kuganira-uko-byarinda-abaturage-ibiza-bavuga-ko |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226103940/https://bwiza.com/Burera-Rwanda-na-Uganda-biri-kuganira-uko-byarinda-abaturage-ibiza-bavuga-ko |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gutera ibiti === [[Dosiye:Gufata ubutaka.jpg|thumb|Gutera Gereveriya ifata ubutaka|167x167px]] '''Gutera ibiti''' harimo ibivangwa n’imyaka ni bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya ndetse no kurwanya isuri kuko bifata imisozi bityo imvura iguye ntigire ubukana k’ubutaka kuko ifatwa mu mashami n’ibibabi ikagera hasi itagifite ubukana ahubwo amazi y’imvura agacengera mu butaka. Ni ngombwa rero kongera gutera amashyamba aho yarari hakurikijwe ubuhaname bw’umusozi, ndetse no gutera ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka ahagenewe ubuhinzi.<ref>https://kubahonet.com/tag/kwita-ku-butaka/</ref> [[Dosiye:Nyarurama_kicukiro_nyarurama.jpg|thumb|gutera ibiti|155x155px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] pi37kl0kvigyoet5xpf11du2itgx76t 0 14333 138895 99274 2026-09-17T21:11:22Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138895 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:15-Nouakchott-eH-R0058185.jpg|thumb|Ifoto igaragaza umujyi wa Nouakchott.]] Nouakchott [Soma:Nwakishoti], ni [[Umurwa]] Mukuru wa Mauritanie, igihugu kiri mu Burengerazuba bwa Afurika. Byasaba ko wongeraho nk’uturere tubiri kugira ngo uyu mujyi ungane na Kigali. == Imiterere == Ni Umujyi w’imirambi gusa kimwe n’indi bihana imbibi nka Dakar, Yamoussoukro n’indi. Uri ku butumburuke bwa metero zirindwi, bivuze ko ari imirambi gusa, nta hantu hasaba umuntu kuzamuka hahari. Iyo uri mu kirere werekeza muri uyu mujyi, ukareba hasi ugirango nta bantu bahari kuko ibintu byose biba bisa n’umucanga kuko ari ahantu hameze nk’ubutayu. Nouakchott ubusanzwe bisobanuye agace karangwamo umuyaga mwinshi. Ni wo mujyi munini muri Mauritania, igihugu cya 11 mu bunini muri Afurika. Niho ubuzima bw’igihugu bwose buherereye kuko yaba inzego z’ubutegetsi, ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byose niho wabikura. Mu nkengero zawo hari icyambu gikora ku Nyanja ya Atlantique gihuza igihugu n’ibituranyi byacyo nka Mali, Sénégal na Algerie. Nouakchott yagizwe Umurwa Mukuru wa Mauritania mu 1958 ituwe n’abantu ibihumbi 15 gusa. Ubu ibarizwamo abantu barenga gato miliyoni imwe. == Aho wanyura ujyayo uvuye mu Rwanda == Niba ushaka kujya i Nouakchott mu buryo bworoshye, uzave i Kigali unyure i Dakar. Aho RwandAir izahakugeza kuri make hanyuma ufate nka Air Senegal izakugeza i Nouakchott mu minota 55. Uramenye ntuzitwaze umupira w’imbeho kuko muri aka gace izuba riba riva kuva mu gitondo kugera mu masaha y’umugoroba kereka umuyaga ukunda kuhaba. == Ururimi Gakondo == Ururimi rukoreshwa muri iki gihugu ni [[Icyarabu]] cyane cyane ko Leta y’iki gihugu igendera ku mahame y’idini ya Islam. Gusa kubera abaturanyi ba Maurtanie n’ubundi biganjemo abakoresha ururimi rw’Igifaransa, nujya muri restaurant zaho cyangwa muri hotel ukavuga Igifaransa bazakumva neza, gusa [[Icyongereza]] cyo rwose ni uguhengekereza. Wolof narwo ni ururimi wavuga muri iki gihugu abantu bose bakakumva neza. Ni cyo kimwe n’ahandi muri Afurika y’Uburengerazuba nka Côte d’Ivoire, Sénégal , Benin n’ahandi hafi aho. Ku Munyarwanda kurwumva uba utazi iyo biva n’iyo bijya [ibyo byo birumvikana]. Nko kuvuga ngo ‘meze neza’ muri uru rurimi uravuga uti ‘Maa ngi fi’ [Soma: Mangifi], washaka kuvuga uti Yego, ni ‘waaw’ [wawu] naho kuvuga uti ‘nitwa/izina ryanjye ni Philbert’ ni Maa ngi tudd Philbert’ [Soma: Mangitudu]. == Ahantu h'ingenzi == Hari ahantu h’ingenzi ukwiriye kuzanyarukira ugeze i Nouakchott. Urugero ni nko ku cyambu gikunda gukorerwamo uburobyi cyitwa Port de Pêche. Uhasanga ubwato bwa kera, bushaje, bujyanye n’umuco wabo n’abasore biganjemo abana bato bazi kuroba pe! Uzahagere hafi aho hari na za restaurant ku buryo ifi bayikurobera ugahita ujya kuyitamira uwo mwanya. Uzajye kandi kuri Plage de Nouakchott. Aha hantu hanyibukije i Saly mu Burengerazuba bwa Sénégal urenze mu cyaro cyo kwa ba Sadio Mane. Ni ahantu hari umucanga mwiza, ushobora kujya ukaruhuka nta kibazo, ukajya mu mazi ukoga ukumva ubyiza bitatse Isi mu Nyanja ya Atlantique. Hotel zaho ziba zifite utuntu tumeze nka Bungalow twubakishije ibyatsi ku buryo amahumbezi agutembera mu misokoro. Ntuzahave kandi utageze muri Pariki y’Igihugu ya Banc d’Arguin. Wumvise Pariki wahita utekereza amashyamba ariko si ko bimeze, kuko uyirimo n’ubundi uba uri ku mucanga. Ubona ahantu ushobora gukambika, ukaharara aho ku mucanga, ukabona inyoni cyane zimwe zidatangwa n’amazi. Nta kintu cyiza nko kuharamukira mu gitondo kare, bikwereka indi sura, bikagufasha kwitekerezaho uganira n’umuhengeri w’inyanja gusa. Nk’igihugu kigendera ku mahame y’idini ya Islam, birumvikana ko uzabona imisigiti myinshi hirya no hino. Hari nka Saudi mosque, ni umwe mu myiza iri muri uwo mujyi gusa niba utari umuyisilamu ntiwakwemererwa kuwinjiramo. Uzabona kandi undi witwa Ibn Abbas gusa wo aho uherereye kuva ku wa Mbere kugera ku wa Gatanu haba hari urujya n’uruza rw’abantu benshi. Ushatse no kugira icyo uhaha, hari ahantu umuntu yakurangira wanyarukira, urugero ni nko muri Al Khaimah Mall gusa bisaba kuba ufite umufuka uremereye kuko akenshi usanga ibiciro byaho biri hejuru. == Imirire == Inzoga ntabwo zemewe muri uyu mujyi, ariko ni nka bimwe byo muri Qatar uba usanga hari ahantu hamwe bazigurisha cyangwa se bikagusaba kujya muri hotel yawe aho waraye ukazihanywera. Ibiryo byaho nabyo ntibigoye ariko ni ibimenyerewe mu bihugu by’Abarabu. Hari indyo yaho ikundwa cyane, munyihanganire nibagiwe uko bayita ariko iba igizwe n’ifi n’umuceli. Wanarya kandi ibyitwa Yassa, aba ari inkoko itetse mu isosi y’ubutunguru n’inyanya. Yassa nayibonye bwa mbere ahitwa Ouest Foire i Dakar, iranurira kabisa! Uzabasabe banaguhe Zrig, ni amata ya Camel (harya ni yo bita ingamiya?) gusa kimwe no muri Turikiya, ibiryo byinshi muri iki gihugu biherekezwa n’icyayi kiba kiri mu turahure duto. Uzajye muri restaurant iri i Kigali y’Abanya-Turikiya yitwa Umut [Umut bisobanuye icyizere mu rurimi rwo muri Turikiya] uzahabona icyo cyayi ndi kuvuga. == Amafaranga akoreshwa == Amafaranga akoreshwa muri Mauritania yitwa Ouguiya, yasimbuye ama-CFA akoreshwa muri Afurika y’Uburengerazuba. Ufite 1000 Frw aba afite 35 y’Amanya-Mauritania. == Reba == <ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu-nyaburanga/article/dutemberane-i-nouakchott-umujyi-perezida-kagame-aherutse-gusura</ref> <ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/perezida-kagame-yageze-i-nouakchott-muri-mauritanie-aho-yatangiye-uruzinduko-rwakazi-amafoto/</ref> 6h0izp73x08639q7z0jsyi481i8lmol 0 14342 138735 137118 2026-09-17T12:32:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138735 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubunyobwa bukaranze bufitiye akamaro umubiri.jpg|thumb|Ubunyobwa]] [[Dosiye:Umwana uri Gusekura.jpg|left|thumb]] == Iriburiro == Ubunyobwa ni ikiribwa kiza gitanga intungamubiri ku bantu no ku butaka. Kuba ubunyobwa burimo ibitera imbaraga ku gipimo cyo hejuru, bukagira poroteyine,  vitamini, imyunyungugu, budasiga ibinure bibi mu mubiri, bugira igipimo cy’umunyu gito, ibyo byose  hamwe bituma ubunyobwa buba igihingwa gifite agaciro kanini mu rwego rw’imirire.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-akamaro-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa-ku-buryo-buhoraho</ref><ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135312/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/groundnuts/post-harvest_management</ref> Ubunyobwa buhingwa mu bice bya za Toropike no munsi yazo ku isi yose, mu butaka bw’urusenyi. Ubunyobwa buribwa nk’amavuta asigwa ku migati, barabuhekenya cyangwa bakabukuramo amavuta, butekwa mu isosi no mu mboga cyangwa se bagakoramo ibindi biribwa bahekenya birimo umunyu cyangwa isukari.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Graines d'arachides.jpg|thumb|Ifu y'ubunyobwa ]] Igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa kigira imigozi irandaranda, nay o ikazana uruyange kuri buri gapfundo. Utwo turabo turibangurira ubwatwo maze tukazana imishoro yinjira mu butaka. Ku dutwe tw’iyo mishoro ni ho hiremaho ubunyobwa munsi y’ubutaka. Ubutaka bwo hejuru bugomba kuba burimo ibumba rike (mu nsi ya 20%) kandi bworoshye kugira ngo imishoro yinjire mu butaka ku buryo bworoshye.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ubunyobwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135305/https://umutihealth.com/ubunyobwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Peanut 9417.jpg|thumb|Ubunyobwa bweze]] == Amoko y’ubunyobwa == Ubunyobwa ni igihingwa kititaweho cyane mu bushakashatsi, bityo amoko yabwo akunda guhingwa azwi n’abahinzi kuva nta bushakashatsi bwigeze bukorwa ku bunyobwa. Amoko ahingwa atandukanira ku ibara no ku ngano yabwo. Amoko y’ubunyobwa aboneka mu Rwanda yaturutse mu Bugande na Zambiya dusangamo: Ubu bwoko bw’ubunyobwa bukomoka muri Leta ya Virginia ( Soma Virijiniya) muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Mbere na mbere bwazanywe muri Zambiya bwitwa Msekera Groundnut Variety 4 (MGV-4), buzwi muri Malawi ku izina rya CG-7 bukitwa Serenut IR mu Bugande. Bwerera iminsi 120 -140 kandi biroroshye kubusarura kuko barandura igiti cyose. Intete z’ubu bunyobwa ziratukura, zirangana, ziraringaniye, zigizwe na 48-50% by’amavuta.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/menya-akamaro-gakomeye-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa-kenshi-cyangwa-mu-buryo-buhoraho/</ref> == MGV 5 ( Ubunyobwa bw’iroza) == Ubwoko bw’ubunyobwa bwa MGV-5 buje vuba bukomotse muri Leta ya Virginia ( Soma Virijiniya) yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bugira imbuto zibyibushye z’ibara ryiza rijya kuba iroza bukaba bugira umusaruro mwinshi.  Bugira umwihariko wo kugira amavuta menshi agera kuri 48% bityo bikaba byiza kubukoramo amavuta. Bukunda guhingwa mu bice by’ibibaya  bya Zambiya, bwerera iminsi 120 bukagira umusaruro ugera kuri Toni 2/ha ku bahinzi bato bato.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/akamaro-utaruzi-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135303/https://yegob.rw/akamaro-utaruzi-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Chishango == Ubu bwoko nabwo bukomoka muri Leta ya Virginia ( Soma Virijiniya)yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwera neza mu bice by’iburasirazuba bya Zambiya, bukerera iminsi 120. Bugira ibara ry’iroze ryijimye, burasa bwose, ingano yabwo iri mu rugero, bugira igipimo cy’amavuta cya 47%. Bwera hafi  Toni 2/ha kandi biba byiza kubugurisha bugakorwamo ibindi biribwa.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubuzima/inama/article/akamaro-k-ubunyobwa-ku-mibereho-ya-muntu-by-umwihariko-ku-guhangana-n-indwara-y</ref> [[Dosiye:Fresh groundnut leaves 02.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'ubunyobwa]] == Gutegura umurima == Impamvu umurima ugomba gutegurwa zishingiye kuri ibi bikurikira: * Kurandura burundu no kumaramo ibihingwa byose bitifuzwa nk’ibimera byimeza n’ibyatsi bibi kugira ngo bidacuranwa n’igihingwa kigiye guhingwamo; * Gutegura neza ubutaka kugira ngo imimero izamuke neza, maze igihingwa kizakure neza * Kugira umurima wera kandi utanga umusaruro igihe kinini hashyirwamo ifumbire y’imborera no kurwanya isuri * Kumenera ubutaka ibinonko bikomeye bikavaho bityo amazi akabasha kwinjira neza mu butaka ari nako hirindwa isuri * Korohereza imirimo yo kushyira mu butaka imvange y’ inyongeramusaruro, ishwagara n’imiti yabugenewe * Kuvanga ibishingwe n’ ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa * Gutegura ubutaka bigomba gusubirwamo igihe ibyatsi bibi bitangiye kumeramo * Iyo ubutaka buzamo ibyatsi bibi bihoraho nk’urumamfu cyangwa urukangaga ni ngombwa guhinga bageza isuka kure mu bujyakuzimu.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/utu-ni-utuntu-12-dutangaje-utari-uzi-kandi-nyamara-dufite-icyo-tumaze-ku-buzima</ref> == Gutera imbuto == Itariki yo gutera: guhera hagati mu kwezi k’Ukwakira  kugeza hagati mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo. '''Guhungira imbuto:''' imbuto z’ubunyobwa zishobora guhura n’indwara ituma ziborera mu butaka. Ni yo mpamvu rero ari ngombwa ko zitunganywa hakoreshejwe umuti wa  Mencozeb na Thiram. Uko iyo miti ikoreshwa biba bisobanuye ku buryo bwumvikana ku gapapuro kometse ku muti. [[Dosiye:Champs d'arachides 4.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'ubunyobwa]] '''Intera''': basiga ntera ya cm 50 hagati y’imirongo na cm 5-10 hagati y’imyobo ku mirongo. Imbuto ziterwa mu myobo ya  cm 5-7.5 z’ubunjyakuzimu  zigatwikirizwa agataka gake.<ref name=":3">https://murukali.com/products/groundnuts-kg-ubunyobwa</ref> == Gukoresha amafumbire == Ubunyobwa ni ikinyamisogwe gikurura Azote mu kirere gikoresheje uduheri tuba ku mizi yabwo. Kubera iyo mpamvu ntabwo ubunyobwa bwakira neza ifumbire nyinshi irimo Azote. Azote nyinshi ituma ubunyobwa bukururumba bukaba nk’igihuru ariko ntibushore indabo ngo buzane ubunyobwa.<ref name=":1" /> Nyamara ariko iyo ubunyobwa bukimera butangiye gukura, buba bukeneye Azote kuko buba bugishakisha uko bukurura Azote yo mu kirere. Ingamba nziza zafasha umuhinzi gucunga neza Azote ni ugukoresha ifumbire y’ibanze ku rugero rwa Kg 15-20/Ha z’ifumbire irimo Azote ( Ire), no kongerera ubunyobwwa ubushobozi bwo gukurura Azote mu kirere. Ibyo bikorwa umuhinzi avanga imbuto y’ubunyobwa n’imiyege yitwa Rhizobium ( soma Rizobiyumu). Ifumbire y’ibanze irimo Azote ikoreshwa hamwe n’ifumbire irimo imyunyungugu ya Potasiyumu na Fosifore mbere yo gutera. Ifumbire y’imborera ku rugero rwa Toni 15 kuri Hegitari irahagije ngo izanire ubunyobwa intungagihingwa bukeneye.<ref name=":4">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135313/https://www.agakiza.rw/Wari-uzi-ko-ubunyobwa-ari-ingenzi-mu-buzima-6990.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Groundnut, sugar and powdered milk.jpg|thumb|Ifu y'ubunyobwa]] == Kwita ku gihingwa == '''Kubagara''': ibyatsi bibi byimeza bicuranwa n’ibihingwa ubuhehere, intungagihingwa, urumuri n’umwanya wo kwisanzuriramo. Ni ngombwa kurandura ibyatsi byose bibi byimeza mu murima.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kicukiro-ku-ndobo-yubunyobwa-yashyizeho-momo-pay-bwatumye-yorora-inka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135312/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kicukiro-ku-ndobo-yubunyobwa-yashyizeho-momo-pay-bwatumye-yorora-inka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gukoresha amafumbire == Iyo ubunyobwa bumaze kumera, umuhinzi akabona ko budafite uduheri duhagije ku mizi bityo ntibunakurure Azote ihagije mu kirere, ni ngombwa kongeramo ifumbire ikungahaye kuri Azote ku rugero rwa kg 30-40/Ha mu minsi iri hagati ya 30 na 45 nyuma y’itera. Iyo fumbire ifasha igihingwa gukura neza ikoreshwa igihe ubutaka buhehereye, hanyuma igakurikirwa no kurandura ibyatsi cyangwa kumenera ubutaka. Ishwagara na yo ni ingenzi ku buhinzi bw’ubunyobwa mu butaka busharira. Umuhinzi akoresha ishwagara iseye neza ku rugero rwa kg 250/Ha ishyirwa ku muzenguruko w’ingemwe z’ubunyobwa mu minsi 20-25 nyuma yo gutera. Ishwagara irenzwaho agataka gake kugira ngo igume mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 3.<ref name=":6">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/79955/ubunyobwa-kimwe-mu-binyampeke-bitangaje-ku-ntungamubiri-79955.html</ref> '''Guhinduranya ibihingwa:''' Ni byiza guhinduranya ubunyobwa n’ibindi bihingwa bitari mu bwoko bw’ibinyamisogwe mu rwego rwo kurinda no kurwanya indwara.<ref name=":6" /> == Indwara n'uburyo bwo kurwanya Udukoko == Ubunyobwa bufatwa n’indwara ziterwa n’udukoko tunyunyuza amatembabuzi nk’inda, uduhunduguru tunyunyuza amababi, ibinyugunyugu birya amababi, udukoko turya amababi n’utundi mu gihe bukimera no mu gihe burimo bukura. Mu gihe bumaze gukura kandi ubunyobwa bushobora gufatwa n’ibyonnyi nk’ibishorobwa bipfumura ibishinshwa by’ubunyobwa bugikura bikabwangiza bikomeye.<ref name=":7">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/118533/burinda-kanseri-bukanasukura-umubiri-akamaro-ko-kurya-ubunyobwa-118533.html</ref> '''1.Indwara y’ibibara by’ikigina ( Cercospora arachidicola)''' ni indwara iterwa n’uduhumyo  tuzana ibibara ku mababi y’ubunyobwa. Amoko yose y’ubunyobwa yibasirwa n’iyi ndwara kandi igabanya cyane umusaruro w’ubunyobwa, cyane by’umwihariko mu turere tw’amajyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba, Uburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo ashyira uburengerezubwa bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.  Ibibara by’ikigina ku mababi y’ubunyobwa  bishobora kugabanya umusaruro w’ubunyobwa ku rugero ruva kuri 1% kugeza kuri 50% by’umusaruro wari utegerejwe bitewe n’uko igihingwa cyafashwe n’umuti wakoreshejwe mu kurwanya iyo ndwara.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |url=http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3158 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204224547/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article3158 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibimenyetso == Indwara y’ibibara by’ikigina (Cercospora arachidicola)yinduza ibiti by’ubunyobwa gusa, igatera ibibara by’ikigina bias n’ibikomere ku gihimba, ku mababi ndetse no ku nkondo z’amababi. Ibimenyetso bya mbere by’ibibara by’ikigina bikora uruziga bigaragara ku mababi ya mbere y’igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa kuva ku minsi 30 kugeza ku minsi 50 nyuma yo gutera. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutuma indabo z’ubunyobwa zihunguka imburagihe ndetse ikagabanya n’umusaruro. Ibindi bimenyetso by’iyi ndwara harimo urubobi ry’ikijuju ruzamukamo utwoya ruza kuri bya bikomere mu bihe by’ubukonje. Ibimenyetso by’indwara y’ibibara by’ikigina ku mababi y’ubunyobwa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135311/https://www.agakiza.org/Wari-uzi-ko-ubunyobwa-butuma-umutima-ukora-neza.html</ref> == Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya == Indwara y’ibidomo by’ikigina ishobora kwirindwa cyangwa  kuvurwa hakoreshejwe ibi bikurikira: * Gutera umuti wica uduhumyo nka chlorothalonil,  Tebuconazole, Pyraclostrobin iterwa ubunyobwa bukizana imiteja. Uwo muti uterwa rimwe mu byumyeru 2;   * Hakurikijwe ubukana bw’indwara, uburyo bwo guhinga akarondorondo bwagaragaje ko butinza icyorezo cy’iyi ndwara kuko bugabanya igipimo cy’ubwandu; * Gukoesha imbuto y’ubunyobwa zidafatwa cyangwa zihanganira iyi ndwara.<ref name=":9">https://mucuruzi.com/peanut-ubunyobwa-price-2800-rwf-kg-delivery-fees-1000-rwf/</ref> '''2. ozete ( Groundnut rosette virus'''-GRV) ni indwara iterwa na virusi iboneka mu bihugu byo munsi y’ubutayu Sahara.  Ikwirakwzwa n’udukoko, iva mu bihingwa ijya mu bindi. Udukoko dukwirakwiza iyo virusi ni nk’Inda z’ibihingwa (''Aphis craccivora''). Indwara ya Rozete yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Afurikaa mu mwaka w’1907 ikaba yarangije bikomeye igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa kuri uyu mugabane. Mu mwaka wa 1939, byagaragaye ko yangije ibihingwa kugera kuri   80 - 90% muri Congo Mbiligi byateje igihombo gikomeye ku musaruro.  Iyi virusi ikwirakwira byihuse mu bihingwa Ubunyobwa bwanduye indwara ya Rozete.<ref>https://igikoni.com/product.php?pid=255&action=add&id=prodid287&product_type=287</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bwihanganira iyi ndwara, * Gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara z’ibihingwa.<ref name=":10">https://bwiza.com/?Ibigori-amasaka-n-ubunyobwa-byo-muri-Uganda-birimo-ibinyabutabire-bishobora</ref> == '''3.''' Ibyonnyi by’ubunyobwa == [[Dosiye:Aphis craccivora 01 by-dpc.jpg|thumb|197x197px|'''Aphis craccivora''']] ==== 1. Inda z’ubunyobwa ( ''Aphis craccivora'' - Koch.) ==== Utu dukoko dutera uburozi bukaze mu gihingwa iyo tukinyunyuza maze twaba twinshi bugatuma kigwingira cyangwa cyuma burundu. Iyo utu dukoko  tunyunyuza igihingwa turema ibintu bimeze nk’ubuki byinshi bisa nabi bituma igihingwa kibora. Ibi bituma igihingwa kitabasha kwiremera imbaraga ziva mu rumuri zigifasha mu mikurire yacyo bityo amababi agasa nabi ku buryo atahabwa amatungo. Ibimenyetso bigaragara ku gihingwa cyanduye iyi ndwara ni uguhinduka umuhondo, kuraba no kuma burundu. Muri rusange ubunyobwa burangirika bikomeye byaba biturutse ku kuribwa n’udukoko ubwatwo cyangwa se ari virusi zitera indwara zinjizwa mu gihingwa n’utwo dukoko (Rossette & Peanut strip virus.) Ifoto igaragaza inda zangiza ubunyobwa.<ref name=":5" /> '''Kurinda ubunyobwa iyi ndwara''' * Udukoko tutya inda z’ubunyobwa nka ''inella septumpunctata, Menochilus sexmaculatus'' & ''Chrysoperla carnea  du''fasha gucungana n’iyi ndwara''.'' ( kamwe kamwe ku gihingwa kimwe karahagije ku buryo atari ngombwa kwitabaza imiti yica udukoko) * Kuvanga ubunyobwa n’inkori mu murima umwe * Gukoresha imiti  yica udukoko wa Phosphamidon 0.03 %, M-O-D 0.025 % na Dimethoate 0.03 %.<ref name=":7" /> === .  Uduhunduguru: (''Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips palmi'') === [[Dosiye:Sd adult spread.jpg|thumb|'''''Scirtothrips dorsalis''''']] Ibyana n’ibikuru bishwanyaguza ubuso bw’amababi bikanyunyuza amatembabuzi maze bigatuma mu nsi y’amababi hazaho ibibara by’umweru no kwangirika kw’amababi akimera. Iyo ubu burwayi bukabije butera igihingwa kugwingira.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/08/16/kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226135319/https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/08/16/kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=kenya-william-ruto-wacuruje-inkoko-nubunyobwa-ku-muhanda-yatorewe-kuba-perezida |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Uburyo bwo kuburwanya ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bwihanganira indwara * Kurandura no gutwika ibihingwa byangiritse bikomeye, * Kubungabunga udusimba turya ubwo bukoko harimo ibivumvuri, urutambara,, udukoko tuguruka dufite amababa y’icyatsi kibisi, isanane, isazi n’ibitangangurirwa. * Gutera umuti wa Monochrotophos 36SL 600 ml/ha cyangwa Dimethoate 30 EC 650ml/ha cyangwa Methyldemeton 25 EC 600 ml muri litiro 600 z’amazi. * Gutera umuti wa monocrotophos 320ml uvanze n’amavuta ya Neem  ( soma Nimu)L1 na kg 1 y’isabune y’ifu ivanze muri litiro 200 z’amazi inshuro 2 mu  y’iminsi 10.<ref name=":10" /> === 3. Agakoko kangiza amababi (''Aproaerema modicella)'' === ==== Uko kangiza ==== Ku gice  cyo hejuru cy’amababi hagaragaraho ibisa n’ubushye hafi y’uruteranyirizo. Uko udukoko tugenda turya igihingwa ni ko igice cyangiriste kigenda kiyongera kugeza ubwo ikibabi cyose gihindutse ikijuju, kikihinahina ndetse kikanuma. Iyo ubu burwayi bukabije igihingwa cyafashwe gisa n’icyatwitswe n’umuriro.  Iyo iyi ndwara itinze utu dukoko duhuriza amababi hamwe tukayarya tukaguma mu gice gihinahinnye.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Uburyo bwo kukarwanya: ==== * Ibinyugunyugu bikuze bitegeshwa urumuri kuva saa kumi n’ebyiri n’igce (6.30 p.m) kugeza saa yine n’igice (10.30 p.m) za nijoro. Amatara ya Peteroli aterekwa hasi ku butaka akabikurura. * Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima bateramo ibindi bihingwa bitari mu bwoko bw’ibinyamisogwe bishobora gufasha mu kugabanya ku buryo bugaragara kororoka k’udukoko twangiza amababi b’ubunyobwa. * Kwirinda guhinduranya ubunyobwa na Soya cyangwa andi moko y’ibinyamisogwe. * Uburyo bwizewe kurushaho mu kurinda ubunyobwa indwara ni ugutera ubwoko buzwiho kwihanganira uburwayi. * Gukoresha iiti yica udukoko nka Monocrotophos 0.04 %, DDVP 0.05 %, Fenitrothion 0.05 %, Endosulfan 0.07 %, Carbaryl 0.2 %, Quinalphos 0.05 %.<ref name=":9" /> == 4.''' Nkongwa ( ''Helicoverpa armigera'' ) '''    == '''Uburyo yangiza'''Ibyana bya Nkongwa bitungwa n’amababi, bigakunda cyane indabo n’imimero. Iyo biriye imimero hagenda hagaragara imyobo n’ amababi abumbuye ariweho. [[Dosiye:Scarce Bordered Straw (Helicoverpa armigera) (52441465352).jpg|thumb|Agakoko ka Helicoverpa armigera|179x179px]] ==== Kurwanya Nkongwa mu gihe cy’ihinga ==== * Guhinga bageza hasi cyane mu gihe cy’icyi * Kuvangamo umurongo umwe w’imikunde nyuma ya buri mirongo 5 cyangwa 6 y’ubunyobwa * Gushyiramo imitego @ 5/ha * Guhinduranya ubunyobwa  n’amasaka, ibigori, uburo n’ibisheke bigabanya ubwandu bwa Nkongwa.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-uko-nyirabagenzi-yavuye-i-kigali-akajya-gukora-ubuhinzi-i-mpanga/</ref> == '''5.''' Ibishorobwa ( ''Holotrichia consanguinea )'' == [[Dosiye:A Holotrichia sauteri larva.jpg|thumb|195x195px|''Holotrichia consanguinea'']] Ibishorobwa bikuze bigira uburebure buri hagati ya mm 18-20 na mm 7-9 z’ubugari. Amagi yabyo aba ari umweru, ajya kugira ishusho y’umwiburungushure. Ibyana byabyo bisa n’umweru ubengerana, bikagira mm 5 z’uburebure.  Ibi bikoko bipfupfunuka mu butaka mu minsi  3-4 nyuma y’uko imvura itangiye kugwa.  Ni ngombwa gushyiraho imitego y’amatara mu gihe imvura itangiye kugwa no kubara umubare w’ibishorobwa buri munsi. Bikorwa bacukura icyobo cya cm 100 X 100 X 20, ni ukuvuga ibyobo 10 / ha,  gufata no kubara umubare w’ibishorobwa kuri buri cyobo. Byaba ibikuze cyangwa ibyana ibishorobwa byose birangiza. Ibyana bitungwa n’imizi kandi bikangiza ibishishwa by’ubunyobwa. Birya imizi mizima bigatuma icika intege, igihingwa kikaraba, kikuma ibice ibice.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Uburyo busanzwe bwo kubirwanya ==== Gufata no gutwika ibishorobwa bikuze bikuwe mu biti byiberamo mu nkengero z’umurima. Mu bice ibi bishorobwa by’umweru byanze gushiramo, bisaba guhinga bageza hasi cyane nyuma y’isarura  bityo bishobora kugabanya ubwinshi bwabyo kuko inyoni zibitoratora no gutwika ibikonoshwa byabyo.<ref name=":2" /> ==== Kubyirinda ==== * Gutera umuti wica udukoko wabigenewe mu gihe ubwinshi bw’ibishorobwa byabaye byinshi  bikarenga urugero  rwihanganirwa. Kurwanya ibishorobwa by’umweru bikuze batera umuti ku biti bibamo nka Neem ( Soma Nimu) n’ibindi. Gukoresha umuti wa Carbaryl 50 WP ku rugero rwa  g 2 kuri litiro y’amazi. Cyangwa Chlorpyriphos 20 EC ku rugero rwa  ml 2/litiro y’amazi  bigakorwa vuba igihe cy’imvura gitangiye, bigakorwa iminsi 3-4 mu masaha ya nimugoroba. Iyi miti yica ibishorobwa bikuze kandi bikagabanya kumunga imizi. Gutera imiti bigomba gusubirwamo nk’inshuro 3 -4 kugeza hagati mu kwezi kwa * Nyakanga, ibyiza kandi ni uko umuti waterwa muri gahunda rusange. * Gutera umuti wa Carbofuran kg 1/ha ku mbuto bishobora kuba uburyo bwiza. * Guhungira imbuto mbere ukoresheje umuti wa  chlorpyriphos 20 EC ( ml 6.5 kugeza kuri 12.5/kg cy’imbuto) bigira akamaro. * Mu gihe ibi bikoko bikabije bakoresha umuti witwa Phorate ku rugero rwa kg 10 /ha.<ref name=":1" /> == '''6.''' Umuswa == ''' '''Amafoto yerekana uko imiswa yangiza ubunyobwa Imiswa ni udusimba tw’umweru tubengerana. Imiswa yinjira mu gice cyose cy’imizi igacukura imizi n’igihimba; bigatuma igihingwa cyuma. Imiswa icukura igishishwa cy’ubunyobwa ikinjira ikangiza imbuto. Imiswa imunga agace koroshye ku gishishwa ariko ubusanzwe ntimunga imbuto z’imbere. Ibishishwa byamunzwe bibasha kwanduzwa n’imiyege yitwa Aspergillus ituma igihingwa cyangirika. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/ckr3y9vjv10o</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya ==== * Gusenya imigina y’imiswa bakoresha ibikoresho bisukuye * Guhungira imbuto bakoresheje umuti wa Chlorpyriphos. * Gutera umuti wa Chlorpyriphos mu migina y’imiswa. * Gutera umuti wa  Carbofuran cyangwa Chlorpyriphos mu butaka ku rugero rwa kg 1 /ha mu gihe cyo gutera bishobora kugabanya ikwirakira ry’imiswa.<ref name=":4" /> ==== . Magurijana (Peridontopyge spp.) ==== Magurijana ni kimwe mu byonnyi byangiza igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa. Magurijana isa n’ikigina kijya kuba umukara, ikihinahina iyo hari ikiyikomye. Magurijana zifata imbuto z’ubunyobwa guhera zigiterwa kugeza mu minsi 20 nyuma y’itera. Zirya imimero ikizamuka zikimukira no mu mizi. Igishishwa cy’ubunyobwa kenshi kirangirika kikaba inzira y’udukoko dutera indwara twinjira mu bunyobwa. N’ibihingwa birokotse utu dukoko bikura nabi.<ref name=":7" /> Magurijana zinafata n’ubunyobwa bumaze gukura butangiye gushora, igihe igishishwa kicyorohereye. Ibishishwa bitarakomera biratobagurika bikangirika cyangwa bigaterwa na mikorobe zituma bibora nk’imiyege ya ''Aspergillus flavus''. Magurijana kandi zishobora no konona uruyange.<ref name=":7" /> {| class="wikitable" |'''Kuzirinda:''' * Kugira isuku mu murima. * Gutegura neza ubutaka * Guhitamo umurima wo guhingamo ubunyobwa kure y’ishyamba (ni ho magurijana zororokera). * Gutwikiriza itaka ibishishwa byanamye. * Gusiba ahiyashije mu butaka. * Gutera amoko yinjira cyane mu butaka |} == Gufata neza umusaruro == Ubusanzwe igihingwa cy’ubunyobwa  ni cyo kimenyesha igihe kigomba gusarurwa. Ubunyobwa busarurwa igihe byibura 75% by’ibishishwa bifunitse ubunyobwa byamaze kwera neza; icyo gihe amababi aba yarabaye umuhondo kandi yaratangiye kuma ku mitwe. Bibera mu gihe kimwe no kumagara k’ubutaka ku buryo ibiti by’ibihingwa biraba n’ubunyobwa buri mu bishishwa bugatangira kujegera no guhindura isura ko bweze.<ref name=":4" /> [[Dosiye:Harvested palm nuts for the production of palm oil.jpg|thumb|172x172px|Isarurwa ry' Ubunyobwa]] Ujya gusarura ubunyobwa yoroshya ubutaka bukikije igitsinzi cy’ubunyobwa akoresheje igitiyo cyangwa majagu. Ubutaka bumaze koroha usarura arandura ubunyobwa agakunguta itaka riba rifashe ku mizi, hagasigara ibishishwa birimo ubunyobwa.  Umuntu usarura ubunyobwa agenzura neza ko nta busigaye mu butaka. <ref>https://amarebe.com/dore-ibanga-wakoresha-niba-wifuza-kubyibuha-biri-kuri-gahunda-fitness-mugore-nawe-mugabo-soma-wiyumvire-uko-nawe-wagira-umubiri-uri-fit/</ref> == Kwita kumusaruro == Nyuma y’isarura, ubunyobwa bukiri mu bishishwa bwanikwa ku zuba, nyuma bakabuhura, bakabugosora. Nyuma yabyo barabutoranya (mu kubutoranya batandukanya ubunyobwa bwiza butamanyutse, ubw’ibisate n’ubwangiritse cyane) bakabuhunika. Ubunyobwa butekwa mu isosi, mu mboga cyangwa bakabukaranga bakabuhekenya. Ubunyobwa kandi bashobora kubutunganya mu nganda bagakuramo ibindi biribwa bitandukanye nk’amavuta yo guteka, amavuta yo gusiga ku migati, n’ibindi.<ref name=":3" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] re3hzmi179nvt1m4klwn8meb09v59r6 0 14346 138811 137145 2026-09-17T13:08:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138811 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tabasco peppers.JPG|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Pepper 03.jpg|thumb|insenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Piri-piri' (6674322781).jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Baby Bell pepper Capsicum annuum 3.jpg|thumb|urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Baby Bell pepper ''Capsicum annuum'' .jpg|thumb|Baby Bell pepper ']] [[Dosiye:Capsicum - Mercado Municipal Funchal 02.jpg|thumb|Insenda]] [[Dosiye:Red Bell pepper.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Peppers in water.jpg|thumb|Peppers in water]] [[Dosiye:Pepper No. 30.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum fruits IMGP0049.jpg|thumb|Capsicum annuum fruits]] [[Dosiye:Chili pepper plant.jpg|thumb|'''Chili pepper plant''']] [[Dosiye:Aji Dulce Pepper Changing Color.jpg|thumb|Aji Dulce Pepper Changing Color]] [[Dosiye:Red pepper falls into glass of water.jpg|thumb|Red pepper falls into glass of water]] [[Dosiye:Pepper (Ata rodo).jpg|thumb|Insenda]] [[Dosiye:Chocolate Habanero peppers - 13 Nov. 2016 - (2).jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum-Chilli-on-plant.JPG|thumb|Chilli pepper plant ]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Solanaceae Capsicum frutescens 1.jpg|thumb|284x284px|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum-Red Chilli Pepper 04.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] Urusenda ni kimwe mu mboga z’ingenzi zihingwa mu Rwanda. Urusenda rwera neza ahantu hashyuha kandi rufata igihe kirekire mu mikurire yarwo. Urusenda rukunda ikirere gishyuha cyane kurusha inyanya kandi rukazirana n’urubura. Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya doger 5 na 15 butuma urusenda rudakura neza. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 24 ni cyo cyiza ku moko menshi y’urusenda rw’ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi.  Nyamara n’ubwo igihingwa cy’urusenga gisaba ubushyuhe, iyo buri hejuru cyane na byo birugiraho ingaruka mbi. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 32 by’umwihariko igihe ubushyuhe burimo imiyaga butuma indabo zihina zigahunguka n’imbuto zikaba nkeya. Iyo igipimo cy’ubushyuhe kirenze dogere 35 cyane cyane iyo bihuriranye n’umuyaga wo mu zuba imbuto z’urusenda zihindura isura kandi zikababurwa n’izuba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/chilli</ref> Kimwe n’andi moko menshi y’ibihingwa, urusenga rushobora guhingwa mu butaka butandukanye ariko cyane cyane rukera neza mu butaka buvanze bw’urusenyi n’inombe. Urusenda rusaba ubutaka bufite ubusharire buri hagati ya  5.5 na  7.0. Ubutaka buhingwamo urusenda bugomba kuba bufite imiyoboro y’amazi meza kandi bubasha kuyabika. Bugomba kandi kuba buhitisha neza amazi kandi bwifitemo n’ubushobozi bwo kugumana amazi akenewe. Ubwo butaka bugomba kuba burimo ifumbire ihagije kandi ari isi ndende, bufite ubujyakuzimu buri hejuru  ya cm 40.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens, Burdwan, West Bengal, India 03 05 2013.jpg|thumb|urusenda]] === Amoko y’urusenda === Urusenda rukaze rwiganje henshi ku isi mu bucuruzi bw’indyoshyandyo naho urusenda rudakaze ruzwi nka Puwavuro rwakwiriye hose nk’igihingwa cyo mu bwoko bw’imboga kandi cyinjiza amafaranga ku bahinzi baciriritse mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere n’u Rwanda rurimo.Amoko 5 y’urusenda yo mu bwoko bw’urusenda rukaze ni aya akurikira'''''Kamurari-''''' ''C. frutescens chinense- '''Pilipili ,'''baccatum- Urusenda rurerure pubescens'' ''annuum''(rumwe rurakara urundi ntirukara) ''ni yo moko ahingwa cyane'' muri rusange.<ref name=":2">https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/udushya/article/menya-akamaro-k-urusenda-mu-mubiri-harimo-no-kuba-rugabanya-umubyibuho-ukabije</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Gutegura Ubutaka === [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens Capsicum annuum Pj DSC 1076.jpg|thumb|kwiniza urusenda]] ==== Kwinaza ingemwe ==== * '''Guhitamo umurima no kuwutegura''' * Umurima mwiza wo guhumbikamo urusenga ni uwitegeye izuba kandi ukaba utarahinzwemo ibihingwa byo mu bwoko bumwe n’urusenda mu bihembwe by’ihingwa 3-4 byahise. Ubuhumbikiro bugomba kuba bugerwaho n’kayaga, buhitisha amazi amazi kandi bufite ubusharire bui mu rugero. Bugomba guhingwa mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 20-30 bagakuramo amabuye, ibyatsi bibi n’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa. * Ubuhumbikiro kand bugomba kuba butarangwamo n’uburwayi n’ibyonnyi. Bugomba kuba bwarashyizwemo ifumbire nziza y’imborera (kg 5/m2) ndetse n’ifumbire mvaruganda nka NPK 17-17-17 (g 20 /m2). * [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens-- Tabasco Pepper (25960478663).jpg|thumb|urusenda]]Hakorwa ubuhumbikiro bwigiye hejuru kuri m 1-1,2 m z’ubugari na cm 20 z’ubujyakuzimu. * '''Guhumbika no kwita ku buhumbikiro''' * Igipimo cy’umurama ukenewe ni kg 0.5-1 kuri hegitari imwe (1ha) cyangwa  (g 5-10 kuri are imwe (m 10x m10). Ni byiza kandi ko hakoreshwa umurama utarasaza kandi uturutse ahantu hizewe nko mu bigo bitunganya cyangwa bicuruza imirama. * [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens (1224874402).jpg|thumb|uko urusenda rushibuka]]Ku munsi wo guhumbika, ubutaka buhumbikwamo buraringanizwa maze bagahumbika ku mirongo baciye bakoresheje agate ku bujyakuzibu bwa cm 0.5. Umurama uterwa mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 10-15 x cm 2, bamara gutera umurama bakawutwikiriza agataka gake. Nyuma y’ibyo, ubuhumbikiro babutwikiriza isaso y’ibyatsi byumye ubundi bakajya bavomerera ku buryo buhoraho. * Iyo imbuto zitangiye kumera (nka nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe), isaso ikurwaho, imimero ikarindwa izuba. * Iyo ingemwe zameze ari nyinshi mu buhumbikiro, ni byiza ko zicirwa kugira ngo urumuri rushobore kwinjiramo. * Iyo bibaye ngombwa, bashobora gukoresha imiti yica udukoko nka Mancozeb (g 2.5/Litiro y’amazi) na Lambda-Cyhalothrin (ml 1/L y’amazi). * Kugira ngo ingemwe zikomere neza, ni ngombwa kugabanya inshuro zo kuvomerera bityo ingemwe zikamenyera guhangana n’izuba buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy’icyumweru 1 cyangwa 2 mbere yo kugemura. '''Icyitonderwa''': Umurama ushobora kubibwa mu bihoho byabugenewe bya cm 7.5 z’umurambararo bikoze mu makoma y’insina cyangwa pulasitikie.Ibyo bihoho buzuzamo itaka rivanze n’ifumbire y’imborera nziza ku rugero rwa 2:1. Imbuto ebyiri ebyiri ziterwa muri buri gihohoi mu bujyakuzimu bwa cm 0.5-1c. Iyo ingemwe zimaze kuzana amababi 2-3, urugemwe rumwe rwiza ni rwo rusigara mu gihoho urundi bakarurandura. Ni byiza na none guhumbika mu bikoresho byabugenewe (trays).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ibyiza-ningaruka-mbi-kurya-urusenda-bigira-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://yegob.rw/ibyiza-ningaruka-mbi-kurya-urusenda-bigira-ku-buzima-bwumuntu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens (5287183987).jpg|thumb|umurima w'urusenda]] === Guhitamo umurima wo guteramo no kuwutegura === Umurima mwiza wo guteramo urusenda ni umurima utarahinzwemo inyanya, intoryi, ibirayi, ibinyomoro n’itabi cyangwa ibindi bihingwa bwo mu bwoko bumwe mu bihembwe by’ihinga  3-4 byashize.Ubutaka buhingwa bageza isuka hasi, bagakuramo ibikuri n’ibindi bisigazwa by’ibihingwa ubundi ubutaka bukaringanizwa neza. Ni byiza gutera ingemwe z’urusenda  mu mitabo ifite m1-1,20 z’ubugari n’uburebure bugereranyije no gusigaza inzira yo kunyuramo ya cm 40 z’ubugari.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://www.agakiza.rw/Sobanukirwa-Imabaraga-z-urusenda.html</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Gutera imbuto === Ubusanzwe ingemwe z’urusenga zigemurwa nyuma y’iminsi 50-60 zihumbitswe. Ingemwe zifite ubuzima bwiza, zifite uruti rubyibushye n’amababi 4-5 mazima ni zo nziza zo kugemurwa.  Igihe cyiza cyo kugemura ingemwe ni amasaha yo mu gitondo cya kare cyangwa bugorobye kugira ngo ingemwe zikiri nto zitangirika kubera imirasire y’izuba. Mbere yo guterwa, ingemwe bazivomereza amazi ahagije kugira ngo imizi itangirika mu gihe cyo kuzigemeka. Ingemwe ziranduranwa n’akabumbe b’ubutaka gakikije imizi.<ref name=":3">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63761/urusenda-rufite-akamaro-gakomeye-mu-buzima-bwa-buri-munsi-bwa-muntu---63761.html</ref><ref name=":1" /> Mu kugemeka ni ngombwa ko hacukurwa imyobo yo guteramo ya cm 15 z’ubujyakuzimu. Hakurikiraho gushyira mu myobo ifumbire y’imborera yaboze yuzuye ikiganza neza igashyirwa muri buri mwobo ikavangwa neza n’ubutaka. Ifumbire ikenerwa ingana na kg 200-250/are ni ukuvuga Toni 20-25/ha. Intera isigara hagati y’ingemwe igombye kuba cm 45 na cm 60 hagati y’imirongo.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:20171014 - Capsicum frutescens L. 'Piri Piri'.jpg|thumb|kwita k'urusenda]] === Kwita ku gihingwa === ==== Ifumbire n’inyongeramusaruro ==== Mu buhinzi bw’urusenda rukaze, kumenya inyongeramusaruro ya nyayo ni cyo kintu kimwe cy’ingenzi gituma umusaruro uba mwiza. Uburyo bwiza bwakoreshwa mu kwita ku gihingwa buterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye nyamara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba nziza kurusha izindi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-bahinga-urusenda.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-bahinga-urusenda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Ingengabihe: ingano y’inyongeramusaruro ikenerwa kuri hegitari n’igihe ikoreshwa''' {| class="wikitable" | | rowspan="2" |'''Imborera''' | rowspan="2" |'''Inyongeramusaruro  (N:P:K), kg/ha''' | colspan="3" |'''Inyongeramusaruro (kg/ha)''' |- | |'''NPK''' '''(17-17-17)''' |'''KCl''' '''(0-0-60)''' |'''Ure''' '''(46-0-0)''' |- | |20-25 |130:80:110 |470 |50 |130 |- |Ingengabihe |Mu gihe cy’itera |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | colspan="2" |Icyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera |Iminsi 30 nyuma yo gukoresha NPK 17-17-17 |} Kugira ngo igihingwa kitabweho uko bikwiye, inyongeramusaruro zishyirwamo ku rugero rwa kg 470.5 /ha za NPK (17-17-17), kg 130 /ha za  Ire na kg 50 za KCl.  Zose hamwe NPK 17-17-17na KCl zagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’icyumweru kimwe ingemwe zitewe. Naho Ire yagombye gushyirwamo nyuma y’iminsi 30 hashyizwemo inyongeramusaruro ku nshuro ya mbere.<ref name=":5">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/50741039</ref><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kubagara no gusasira ==== [[Dosiye:Capsicum frutescens 'Hidalgo' 001.JPG|thumb|urusenda]] Kubagara urusenga bigomba gukorwa mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo umurima utazamo ibyatsi bibi bityo igihingwa ntigicuranwe n’ibyo byatsi bibi ibigitunga, urumuri n’amazi. Gusasira urusenga ni ngombwa mu rwego rwo kurwanya isuri, gufasha  ubutaka kugira igipimo kidahinduka cy’ubushyuhe no kugumana ubuhehere mu butaka. Gusukira urusenda byagombye gukorwa nyuma y’ibyumweru 2-3 nyuma yo kugemura. Gusukira binafasha mu gukuramo ibyatsi bibi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Kuhira ==== Ni ngombwa cyane kuhira imizi y’urusenda. Kuhira ukarenza urugero cyangwa kuhiriza utuzi duke cyane byombi bishobora kwangiza urusenda. Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane ko kuvomerera bikorwa mu bihe byabugenewe. Kuvomerera kenshi n’amazi atari menshi bikenewe mu butaka bw’urusenyi. Naho kuvomerera n’amazi menshi mu bihe bitandukanyijwe n’intera nini bikenerwa mu butaka burimo ibumba.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/urusenda-rwicyatsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160105/https://umutihealth.com/urusenda-rwicyatsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Pepper 12.jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:Picture of Pepper.jpg|thumb|Ifoto igaragaza insenda]] Mu gihe hategurwa gahunda yo kuvomerera ni ngombwa kumenya uko imizi ingana bikagenderwaho.  Muri rusange ingano y’imizi igereranywa n’imikurire y’igihingwa kigaragara hejuru. Imizi yinjira mu butaka ku rugero rumwe igihingwa gikura kijya ejuru.<ref name=":6" /> [[Dosiye:Peppers Mid City Farmers Market.jpg|thumb|Gucuruza urusenda]] Hagendewe ku mpamvu zo kuvomerera, imikurire y’urusenda igabanyije mu byiciro bine: * '''Icyiciro cya 1: Gufata kw’ingemwe:''' Iki cyiciro gishobora kugeza ku byumweru bibiri. Ingemwe iyo zimaze gufata ni bwo igihingwa gitangira gukura bigaragara. Muri iki gihe, bavomerera bakoresheje amazi make. Nyuma yo gufata kugeza  mbere gato y’uko uruyange rwa mbere ruzaho, ni ngombwa ko amazi yo kuvomerera agabanywa buhoro buhoro. Ibi bituma imizi icengera cyane mu butaka ishakisha ubuhehere. Ibi bifasha igihingwa guhangana n’ibihe bibi mu gihe imbuto zitangiye kwirema bifashijwe n’ukwiyongera kw’imizi. * '''Icyiciro cya 2: Imikurire y’igihingwa, kuzana uruyange n’imbuto''': Ni ngombwa gukuba kabiri ingano y’amazi yakoreshwaga mu kuvomerera ugereranyije no mu cyiciro cya mbere * [[Dosiye:A Red Aji Dulce Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Red Aji Dulce Pepper]]'''Icyiciro cya 3: Kwirema kw’imbuto''': Gukura biba bigeze ku ndunduro. Kuvomerera kuri iki cyiciro  ni ngombwa cyane kuko ni cyo cyiciro cya nyuma mu buzima bwose igihingwa kizamara. * '''Icyiciro cya 4: Kwera no gusarura''': Igihingwa kiba kiremerewe n’imbuto. Kuvomerera bigomba kugabanuka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-isoko-ryurusenda-ruseye-mu-bushinwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-isoko-ryurusenda-ruseye-mu-bushinwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Red and green peppers.jpg|thumb|Red and green peppers]] === Indwara n'uburyo bwo kurwanya Udukoko === ==== Kirabiranya (''Ralstonia solanacearum'') ==== Ubu burwayi bushobora gufata ibihingwa bimwe na bimwe mu murima cyangwa bigafata agatsiko k’ibihingwa mu murima Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara ni ukuraba kw’igihingwa cyose kandi nta babi ryahindutse umuhondo. Udukoko dutera iyi ndwara dushobora kwihisha ahantu henshi kandi tubasha kuba mu butaka mu gihe kirekire cyane. Ubu burwayi butizwa umurindi n’ubukonje ndetse n’ ubushyuhe. Urusenda ariko ntiruhangarwa n’indwara cyane nk’intoryi, ibirayi, itabi cyangwa inyanya. Guhinduranya imyaka si cyo gisubizo kuko udukoko tuyitera dushobora kwibera mu butaka mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi kandi dufata amoko menshi y’ibihingwa n’ibyatsi byo mu muryango umwe n’urusenda. Ifoto: Ibimenyetso bya kirabiranya ku rusenda.<ref name=":7">https://rba.co.rw/post/Baravuga-imyato-ubuhinzi-bwurusenda-bubinjiriza-akayabo</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko bushobora guhangana n’indwara niba buboneka * Kudahinga urusenda ahantu kirabiranya yayogoje * [[Dosiye:Capsicum baccatum flower 02.jpg|thumb|Capsicum baccatum flower]]Kurandura ingemwe zarabye mu murima kugira ngo hagabanuke kwanduzanya kw’igihingwa n’ikindi; * [[Dosiye:Green, yellow and red bell peppers.jpg|thumb|'''Green, yellow and red bell peppers''']]Kurwanya iminyorogoto ijya mu mizi kuko yanduza kandi igakwirakwiza indwara ya kirabiranya * Gufumbira ubutaka n’ifumbire y’imborera bishobora gukuraho ibisigisigi bya kirabiranya mu butaka * Guhinduranya imyaka mu murima bifite akamaro gake kuko iyi ndwara yihisha henshi, ariko na byo byaba byiza hahinzwe ibihingwa bw’ubundi bwoko butandukanye n’urusenda.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/waba-uzi-icyo-urusenda-rufasha-umubiri</ref><ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum).jpg|thumb|Pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum)]] === Fizariyoze (''Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici'') === Ibimenyetso by’indwara ya Fizariyoze y’urusenda birimo gucurama no guhinduka umuhondo ku mababi yo hasi, bigakurikirwa no kuraba kw’igihingwa cyose. Amababi y’urusenda rwafashwe aguma ku giti maze ibice by’igihingwa bigahindura ibara, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’igihimba n’imizi.<ref name=":8">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/abahinzi-b-urusenda-basabye-kwegerezwa-imbuto-yarwo-bahendwa-no-kugura-mu</ref> Imiyege itera iyi ndwara iba mu butaka ubuziraherezo kandi ikwirakwizwa n’amazi avomerera. Ikunda kugaragara igihe habaye impinduka y’igipimo cy’ubushyuhe n’ubuhehere bw’ubutaka. Iyi ndwara ikura cyane ku gipimo cya dogere 24 kugeza kuri 27.Ubutaka buhehereye butuma iyi ndwara yororoka cyane. Iyi ndwara ntiboneka mu butaka bwumagaye ariko ikabya cyane mu butaka budahitisha neza amazi.<ref name=":8" /> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka * Gushyira ishwagara mu butaka no kwizera neza ko amazi ahita neza mu butaka.<ref name=":8" /> === Indwara y’imvura (''Leveillula taurica'') === Ibibara bijya kuba umuhondo bifata igice cyo hejuru ku buso bw’amababi. Ubuso bw’amababi butwikirwa n’ibintu bias n’ifu y’umweru cyangwa ibara ry’ivu. Indwara ikomeza kwiyongera ihereye ku mababi makuru ijyana ku mababi akiri mato maze amababi yose agashiraho. Ihunguka ry’amababi rijyana ku igabanuka ry’ingano ndetse n’umubare w’imbuto. Bituma imbuto zisa n’izokejwe n’izuba. Iyi ndwara itizwa umurindi n’ubushyuhe, ubuhehere n’igihe cy’izuba. Mikorobi zitera iyi ndwara zishobora no gufata intoryi n’inyanya. Kuvomerera baturutse hejuru bigabanya ubukana bw’iyi ndwara.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ese-koko-urusenda-rutuma-umuntu-ashaka-gutera-akabariro.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160103/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ese-koko-urusenda-rutuma-umuntu-ashaka-gutera-akabariro.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * [[Dosiye:Yellow, Red, Green Sweet Peppers.jpg|thumb|Insenda]]Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka Gutera imiti ikoze muri Sirifire nka Copperoxychloride mu gihe ibimenyetso by’indwara bigitangira kugaragara * Kurandura no gutwika ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa nyuma y’isarura.<ref name=":9" /> === Indwara ziterwa na vurusi === Byaragaragaye ko hari indwara zigera kuri 17 ziterwa na virusi zifata urusenda. [[Dosiye:Ata todo (Pepper).jpg|thumb|Gucuruza insenda]] Inyinshi muri izi ndwara zikwirakwizwa n’udukoko cyangwa  umurama urwaye inshuro nkeya bigaterwa n’uburyo bahinga. Ibimenyetso rusange bikubiyemo ibibara byishushanyije ku mababi, guhinduka umuhondo, ibibara bikoze uruziga, guta isura kw’amababi akaba mabi, kwihinahina kw’amababi no kugwingira kw’ibihingwa. Ubu burwayi bushobora gutuma imbuto zinanuka, zisa nabi cyangwa zigira ibibara bishushanyijeho mu ishusho y’uruziga. Ifoto.Ibimenyetso by’indwara ziterwa na virusi ku rusenda [[Dosiye:Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper-2009.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] Uburyo bukoreshwa kenshi mu kugabanya indwara ziterwa na virusi harimo: * Guhinga ubwoko buhangara n’indwara niba buboneka * Guhitamo amatariki meza yo gutera kugira ngo hirindwe ikwirakwira ry’indwara * Kwegeranya ibihingwa kugira ngo ibyanduye nibivamo hagire ibisigara * Gukora uruzitiro rw’ibihingwa kugira ngo ikwirakwira ry’indwara rigabanuke * Gutera imiti y’amavuta mu kugabanya ikwirakiwizwa rya virusi ziterwa n’inda z’ibihingwa * Gukoresha isaso yirukana inda z’urusenda n’uduhunduguru. * Gukoresha umurama wizewe ko ari muzima.<ref name=":10">https://igisabo.rw/2021/05/10/green-treasure-ltd-yaje-ari-igisubizo-ku-musaruro-wurusenda-rwapfaga-ubusa/</ref> === Uduhunduguru twangiza urusenda (Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips tabaci) === Muru rusange, uduhunduguru dutungwa n’igice cyo hejuru y’ubutaka cy’igihingwa, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi cy’amababi akiri mato, indabo n’imbuto. Kenshi zihisha munsi. Amababi arononekara bitewe n’uko udukoko tuyatobora tukanyunyuza amatembabuzi. Iyo indwara igitangira amababi y’urusenda agira igice gisa n’ivu akagira utubara duto duto twijimye twanduza igice cyo hasi. Uko indwara ikura ni ko amababi yihinahinira mu ruhande rwo hejuru nyuma akuma. Ibi bituma imbuto z’ urusenda zangirika. Kwangirika gukomeye gutuma amababi, imimero n’imbuto bihinduka bigsa n’ibyababuwe n’izuba. [[Dosiye:RedGreenYellowPeppersDisplay.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] [[Dosiye:A Red Aji Dulce Pepper.jpg|thumb|A Red Aji Dulce Pepper]] [[Dosiye:-2019-11-12 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham.JPG|thumb|Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham]] Uduhunduguru dushobora gutuma ingemwe zikiri nto ziraba, amababi atinda gukura kandi akaba mabi bityo ibihingwa bikagwingira. Iyo uduhunduguru twangije imbuto zihindura isura zikazana ibirongo by’amabara bizitera ubusembwa butuma zitagurwa ku isoko cyane cyane iyo ari imbuto zigomba kugurishwa ku masoko yo hanze. Iyo uduhunduguru dufashe ingemwe zikiri nto zimaze igihe gito zitewe bituma zitinda gukura. Uduhunduguru dukwirakwiza indwara iterwa na virusi y’ibibara by’inyanya ku rusenda. Ubwoko bw’uduhunduguru twitwa ''S. dorsalis'' dukwirakwiza indwara yo kwihinahina kw’amababi y’urusenda<ref name=":11">https://bwiza.com/?Rubavu-Arashinja-umugabo-we-gushaka-kumusuka-urusenda-mu-gitsina-no-gushaka</ref><ref name=":12">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bahinga-urusenda-rugurishwa-mu-mahanga/</ref> ==== Kuturwanya: ==== * Udukoko tuzirana n’Uduhunduguru ni ngombwa ko dukoreshwa mu kuturwanya. Utw’ingenzi ni nk’ubwoko bw’utuvumvuri tw’umukara,  imiswa ihiga n’ibitagangurirwa * Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwita ku bihingwa ngo kuvomerera ku gihe no kubagara na byo bishobora kugabanya ubwandu ku rugero runaka. Igihe ubuhunduguru bwabaye bwinshi ni ngombwa gutera imiti yica udukoko nka  cypermethrin (ml 1/L 1 y’amazi) mu ntera ingana n’iminsi 15.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /> === Inda zangiza urusenda === [[Dosiye:-2019-07-31 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham (3).JPG|thumb|Cayenne pepper ]] Inda zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu gihingwa; muri rusange zikunda gufata igihingwa mu gihe cy’izuba no mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy’imikurire y’igihingwa. Ubwiza bw’umusaruro burangirika kubera ibibara by’umukara bifata imbuto z’urusenda. Inda zakora nka virusi. [[Dosiye:13-09-01-kochtreffen-wien-Bi-frie-009.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] [[Dosiye:Young chilli pepper plants - geograph.org.uk - 6512825.jpg|thumb|Chilli pepper plant]] ==== Kuzirwanya: ==== Inda zangiza urusenda bazirwanya batera umuti wica udukoko nka cypermethrin (ml 1/L 1 y’amazi) mu gihe cy’intera y’iminsi 15.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/u-rwanda-rwasinye-amasezerano-yo-kohereza-urusenda-rwumye-mu-bushinwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160104/https://panorama.rw/u-rwanda-rwasinye-amasezerano-yo-kohereza-urusenda-rwumye-mu-bushinwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Isazi zera (''Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum'') === [[Dosiye:Gemüsepaprika in drei Farben 2011.JPG|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] Isazi zera zangiza urusenda mu buryo butatu. Isazi zera zikiri ntoya n’izikuze zinyunyuza amatembabuzi mu mababi. Zitungwa na yo hakiyongeraho kunyunyuza ibyagatunze igihingwa, kandi zigatera ibibara ku mababi yanduye. Izikiri ibyana  zisiga ku ababi umushongi umatira nk’isukari kenshi na kenshi bikwirakwira ku mababi mu gihe indwara ikabije. Uwo mushongi umatira utera ibindi by’umukara bisa nabi bigatuma amababi yoseahinduka umukara bigakumira kwinjira k’urumuri mu gihingwa. Isazi zera nazo zikurura  indwara ziterwa na virus.<ref name=":13" /> [[Dosiye:Green, yellow and red bell peppers in zooming up.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] === Kuyirwanya: === * Mu duce isazi zera zateye indwara zituruka kuri virusi ni ngombwa kurinda ingemwe z’urusenda zitwikirizwa akayunguruzo kabugenewe kugeza igihe cyo kugemurwa. Ni ngombwa kwizera neza ko ako kayunguruzo gafunze neza. * [[Dosiye:Chilli Plant (4240694581).jpg|thumb|Chilli pepper plant]]Kubungabunga udukoko tuzirana n’isazi zera: amavubi, imiswa ihiga, ibinyugunyugu ni abanzi bakomeye b’isazi zera. * Aho bibaye ngombwa, batera umuti wa Neem (Soma Nimu). Umuti wa Neem urinda ibyana by’isazi zera gukura, birinda isazi zera nkuru kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bw’isazi zera  bwo gutera andi magi.<ref name=":14">https://www.teradignews.rw/ange-kagame-mu-bambariye-umunyamidelikazi-wakoze-ubukwe-numusore-ucuruza-urusenda-amafoto/</ref> [[Dosiye:Chocolate habanero peppers.jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]] === Kubora kw’imitwe y’urusenda (Physiological disorder) === Igice cy’impera y’umutwe w’urusenda kireruruka kikenda kugira ibara ry’ikigina kandi kigasa n’igicukuye umwobo. Iyo urubuto rumaze gukura neza, ibyo bimenyetso birusahho kugaragara maze ibara ry’ahaboze rikijima rijya  kuba umukara.<ref name=":15">https://www.teradignews.rw/ange-kagame-mu-bambariye-umunyamidelikazi-wakoze-ubukwe-numusore-ucuruza-urusenda-amafoto/</ref> ==== Kuyirwanya: ==== * Gufumbira ubutaka bongeramo ishwagara, dolomite, gypsum cyangwa ifumbire ikomoka ku matungo mbere yo guhumbika. * Kuhira kenshi: urusenda rukomeza kurabya no kwera  mu gihe kirekire. Ni ngombwa rero ko ubutaka bwegereye imizi buhora bwuhirwa kugira ngo bukomeze guhehera. * [[Dosiye:Chocolate Habanero peppers (top view) - 13 Nov. 2016.jpg|thumb|Chocolate habanero peppers]]Irinde inyongeramusaruro zikungahaye cyane kuri Azote. Azote ituma amababi akura cyane ariko imbuto ntizize. Ni ngombwa kongeramo kalisiyumu  ahubwo. [[Dosiye:Chilli pepper harvesting.jpg|thumb|Gusarura Urusenda]] Umusaruro wa toni 30 kugeza kuri 70 kuri hegitari ni wo ufatwa nk’umusaruro mwiza. Muri rusange, urusenda rusarurwa rumaze kwera neza ariko rugifite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi. Bitewe n’ibyifuzo by’umuguzi w’urusenda bashobora kurusarura rumaze guhinduka umuhondo cyangwa umutuku. Mu gihe cy’isarura, gutoranya no gupakira urusenda bigomba gukorwa mu bwitonzi kuko urusenda rwangirika ku buryo bworoshye bityo kururinda kwangirika bituma rutabora.Urusenda rusarurirwa mu makarito yabugenewe ariko ibirango bya ba nyirabyo cyangwa mu bitebo bikoze muri pulasitiki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rugali.com/urusenda-nindabyo-za-kagame-mu-bibizo-kubera-coronavirus/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226163108/https://rugali.com/urusenda-nindabyo-za-kagame-mu-bibizo-kubera-coronavirus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/imvururu-zikomeye-hagati-ya-bobi-wine-abambari-be-na-polisi-yabamishemo-urusenda</ref> === Gufata neza umusaruro === === Gushyira urusenda mu byiciro === [[Dosiye:-2019-10-29 Pickled Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Cromer (3).JPG|thumb|'''Pickled Cayenne pepper''']] Gushyira urusenda mu byiciro hakurikijwe  ibi bikurikira: # Ibara ry’urusenda # [[Dosiye:13-08-31-wien-redaktionstreffen-EuT-by-Bi-frie-078.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']]Ingano yarwo # Icyiciro rugezeho rwera * Gupakira urusenda rutandukanye hakurikijwe ibyiciro rurimo mbere yo kurugeza ku isoko; [[Dosiye:Chilli Pepper - Garden Longhorn (41719171030).jpg|thumb|Urusenda]] [[Dosiye:-2020-09-11 Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Trimingham (2).JPG|thumb|pepper]] Urusenda rupfa ubusa bitewe n’umuhinzi rugera kuri 5-8%.Iyo rutashyizwe mu byiciro neza bikiri ku ruhande rw’umuhinzi urundi rungana na  4-5% rushobora kononekara.<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5015968.html</ref> === Gupakira === [[Dosiye:Pepper Orchard at Imo State University (IMSU) farm, Owerri, Imo State.jpg|thumb|Gusarura urusenda]] Urusenda rushobora gupakirwa mu bikoresho bitandukanye: nk’impapuro zikoze muri pulasitiki, ibikapu bikoze muri pulasitiki cyangwa mu bikarito bikoze mu mpapuro.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226160109/https://genesisbizz.com/Nubwo-ruryana-urusenda-n-abantu-ni-urukundo-rumaze-imyaka-ibihumbi-kandi</ref> === Kubika urusenda === * Urusenda rushobora kubikwa ahantu hafutse, hijimye, humutse mu gihe cy’umwaka wose. Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe cy’aho urusenda rubitse kigira ingaruka mu ku ibara ry’urusenda kurusha uko rwahinduka bitewe n’urumuri, umwuka, ubwoko bw’igikoresho rubitsemo cyangwa kuba rubitse rukiri rwose cyangwa rukasemo uduce.<ref name=":12" /> [[Dosiye:Bell peppers, Mercado de Arroios, Lisbon, Portugal julesvernex2-2.jpg|thumb|'''Green-Yellow-Red-Pepper''']] === Gutwara urusenda === Muri rusange abahinzi bageza urusenda ku isoko rya hafi barutwaye  mu ngorofani zikururwa n’ibimasa cyangwa imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi. * Kuva ku masoko rujyanwa hirya hino hakoreshwa imidoka zisanzwe cyangwa izagenewe gutwara imitwaro. Iyo urusenda rupakiwe neza mu bikoresho byabugenewe, rukitabwaho neza igihe rupakirwa cyangwa rupakururwa mu modoka, kandi bigakorwa vuba  bituma hatononekara rwinshi<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":15" /> '''Gutunganya urusenda''' [[Dosiye:Farmer's Market Peppers.jpg|thumb|Farmer's Market Peppers]] Urusenda rushobora kuribwa rukiri rubisi cyangwa rwumye kandi rushobora gukorwamo ibiribwa bitandukanye nk’amasosi, ifu y’urusenda, shokola,<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":7" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] ryt5d5xtjg8w8ilaf9yghh9zy405nd0 0 14350 138851 137120 2026-09-17T13:34:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138851 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inzuzi z' ibihaza.jpg|thumb|utubuto twibihaza]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Cucurbita pepo accidental hybrid Acchini.jpg|thumb|Igihaza]] [[Dosiye:2019-07-01 (100) Hanging leaves of Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo Zucchini (zucchini) at Bichlhäusl, Tiefgrabenrotte, Frankenfels, Austria.jpg|thumb|Igihaza]] Igihaza ni ikiribwa cyo mu bwoko bw’imboga gifite ishusho y’umubumbe, gifite uruhurukomeye rufite imihiro rukagira amabara y’umuhondo mwinshi cyangwa oranje. Igishishwa cyacyo ni kigari, kirakomeye kandi gifitemo imbere inzuzi n’igice kiribwa. Ibice byose by’igihaza biraribwa. Igahaza kibisi ni byiza kugiteka mu mazi, kugiteka mu ifuru cyangwa kugishyira mu isosi kugira ngo ifate. Inzuzi z’igihaza zumye ziryoha zikaranze bakaminjiraho umunyu. Ibisusa bitarakomera  ndetse n’ubututu bitekwa nk’izindi mboga rwatsi.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Hindiro-Umugabo-atunzwe-no-guhinga-amadegede-abandi-basuzuguraga</ref> === Amoko y’ibihaza === * '''Uduhaza duto:''' ubwoko bw’uduhaza duto buba bwiza ku meza mu gihe cy’ikiruhuko. Ni ubwoko bugira uruyuzi rutondagira. Bwerera iminsi hagati ya 90 -100. Uduhaza duto natwo tubamo amoko atandukanye nka “Jack Be”, “Wee-B-Little“ na “Munchkin” dukundwa cyane n’Abanyamerika. Uduhaza duto turera cyane kandi  kuduhinga biroroha, rimwe na rimwe dushobora kwera ibihaza nka 12 ku ruyuzi rumwe.<ref name=":0" /> * [[Dosiye:Courgette plant begin augustus (Cucurbita pepo in August).jpg|thumb|Igihaza]]'''Ibihaza binini (ibihaza bya Nyirankuba):''' Ubwoko bw’ibihaza binini bya “Dill’s Atlantic Giant’ jumbo” bushobora gukura kugeza ku biro birenga 90. Ni ubwoko bwiza ku bahinzi bashaka guhinga ubwoko bw’ibihaza binini. Uruyuzi rwabyo rurakura rukagera kuri metero nka 7-8, ni yo mpamvu kuzitera zitandukanye ari ngombwa. Byerera iminsi kuva ku 130 kugeza ku minsi 160, bityo rero ni byiza kubihinga hakiri kare. Bisaba gufumbira bihagije kandi kuzihingira si nhombwa kugeza isuka hasi mu butaka. Nyuma y’uko uruyuzi rutangiye kuzana ururabo bwa mbere, ni ngombwa guca ubututu 2 cyangwa 3 bwa mbere bwa kigore kugira ngo uruyuzi rukure rugara mu mpande, ruzane ibisusa byinshi mbere yo gutangira gutera ( kuzana uduhaza). Ni ngombwa kureka igihaza kimwe kigakura no gukuraho ubututu bwa kigore bwose bumera nyuma y’uko igihaza cya mbere kimaze kuza ku ruyuzi. Ni ngombwa gucunga uruyuzi kugira ngo mu mahuriro y’ingingo hatinjira cyane  mu butaka bigatuma uruyuzi ruvunika.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=361797ca5a03511afe9c47ac1b5a8a13d71&vario=38ae9c7ebfb68ea795483d270f5934b71d</ref> [[Dosiye:Pumpkin dessert.jpg|thumb|224x224px|Ibihaza bitetse]] '''Ibihaza byiza bibereye gutekwamo indyo zikuzwa:''' ‘Sugar Treat’ni ubwoko budakururumba cyane, bwiza bwo gutekamo indyo zo kwikuza cyangwa kubuteka mu ifuru. Bwerera iminsi hagati y’100 na 120. Ubwoko bwa “Hijinks” na ‘’Baby Bear’’ ni ubwoko bukundwa n’Abantu benshi * bugira igihaza kiryoha . ‘’Cinderella’s Carriage’’ nabwo ni ubwoko buryoha butetse ukwabwo cyangwa mu isosi. ‘Peanut Pumpkin’ nabwo ni ubwoko butanga igihaza kiryoha  bwaribwa mu ndyo zikuzwa cyangwa  mu nombe. * '''Ibihaza by’amabara:''' ‘Jarrahdale’ ni ubwoko bw’ibihaza bugira ibara risa n’ubururu bujya kuba icyatsi kibisi;  buba bwiza mu gutegura ibiribwa ku meza ngo bigaragare neza. ‘’Pepitas Pumpkin’’ ni ibihaza bifite ibara rya oranje rivanze n’icyatsi kibisi  naho “Super Moon’’ ni  igihaza kinini gifite ibara ryera.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/umurimo/article/uko-igihaza-gikomeje-gufasha-mukagahima-kwiteza-imbere</ref> == Indwara == '''Indwara y’imvura: iterwa na''' mikorobe za Bagiteri zitera ibifu byera biboza inzuzi. Ni yo ndwara rusange y’inzuzi.Iyi ndwara ikwirakwira mu gihe ikirere gishyushye cyangwa gikonje mu gihe inzuzi zikiri ntoya zitangiye kubyibuha neza. Iyi ndwara iyo ifashe uruyuzi irihuta cyane maze ikarwangiza vuba cyane.Indwara igitangira yigaragaza irema ibibara by’umuhondo cyangwa icyatsi kibisi cyerurutse ku mababiIgice cyo hasi cy’amababi gitangira gukuza indwara kigahindura isura kikijima. Ibyo bibara bihinduka umukara naho amababi agapfa burundu.<ref>https://igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/tuyambaze-na-bagenzi-be-basoje-kaminuza-bajya-guteza-imbere-made-in-rwanda</ref>[[Dosiye:Inzuzi z' ibihaza.jpg|thumb|Inzuzi z'ibihaza]] '''Kirabiranya:''' Iyi ndwara irangwa no kuraba no guhinduka urwirungu kw’amababi.  Kenshi na kenshi amababi agarura ubuyanja mu masaha ya nimugoroba, ariko mu gitondo akongera kuraba nka mbere kandi noheho uburwayi bukagenda burushaho gukara umunsi ku wundi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2023/02/16/wari-uziko-kurya-ibihaza-birinda-zimwe-mu-ndwara-zikomeye-menya-akamaro-ko-kurya-ibihaza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226164811/https://rwandanews24.rw/2023/02/16/wari-uziko-kurya-ibihaza-birinda-zimwe-mu-ndwara-zikomeye-menya-akamaro-ko-kurya-ibihaza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kwirinda indwara ==== Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda inzuzi indwara iyo ari yo yose hakubiyemo: * '''Kuvomerera mu gitondo cyangwa ku manywa gusa:''' Kwirinda kuvomerera mu masaha atinze ya nyuma ya saa sita cyangwa ya nijoro. Indwara y’ibifu biboza inzuzi ndetse n’izindi ndwara ifata mu gihe hahehereye. Kuvomerera mu masaha ya nijoro ni nko kwenyegeza umuriro. Kuvomerera mu gitondo bituma izuba rihita ryumisha amababi vuba cyane.Kuvomerera nijoro bituma amababi ahehera ijoro ryose kugeza mu gitondo. Igihe haje ubushyuhe mu ijoro amababi atose yorohereza kororoka kw’indwara y’ibifu biboza.<ref name=":1" /> * [[Dosiye:Courgette plant begin augustus (Cucurbita pepo in August) (1).jpg|left|thumb]]'''Kuvomerera imizi gusa n’imigozi y’inzuzi:'''Kuvomerera hakoreshejwe umupira birinda amababi ubuhehere bw’inyongera ari bwo butera kororoka kw’indwara. Umupira uvomerera bawurambika ureba hasi kugira ngo birinde kumena amazi ku mababi.<ref name=":2">https://web.archive.org/web/20230226164810/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/crops/pumpkins</ref> * '''Gutera imiti yica ubukoko mu rwego rwo gukumira indwara mbere y’uko zifata inzuzi:''' Umuti wica udukoko ushobora kurinda inzuzi. Ni byiza gutangira gutera imiti yica ubukoko hakiri kare mbere y’uko indwara zitangira gufata inzuzi. Mu gihe inzuzi zafashwe, wahita utera uwo muti. Iyo utewe hakiri kare bishobora gutuma igihingwa cyisubira kikaba kizima n’ubwo amababi yafashwe atakongera gusa neza. Indwara z’inzuzi zishobora gufata igice cyo hejuru cy’amababi cyangwa zigafata igice cyo hasi, zishobora gufata umugozi utereyeho ibabi cyangwa ku giti cyose.  Ni yo mpamvu umuti wica ubukoko uterwa ku bice byose bigize uruyuzi.<ref name=":1" /> * '''Gurandura  inzuzi zirwaye mu murima:  '''Si byiza gutaba inzuzi zirwaye mu murima cyangwa kuzikoramo ifumbire kuko mikorobi zitera indwara zishobora kubaho igihe kinini mu butaka cyangwa muri iyo fumbire maze zikazanduza ibihingwa by’imyaka izaza. Rimwe na rimwe, uburyo bakora ifumbire y’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa ntabwo ubushyuhe buzamo buba buhagije ngo bitange icyizere ko bwakwica mikorobe. Ni ngombwa kujugunya inzuzi zanduye cyangwa zikajyanwa n’abashinzwe gutwara imyanda bazakoramo ibindi bintu.<ref name=":2" /> === Ibyonnyi === Ibyonnyi rusange by’umurima w’ibihaza ni ibi bikurikira: [[Dosiye:Four-striped Grass Mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) eating wild fruit ... (45382859104).jpg|thumb|Imbeba bimwe mubyonyi byibihaza]] '''Inkwavu:''' inkwavu zikunda ubwatsi butoshye n’imitwe yabwo hamwe n’imbuto zitarakomera zikiri nto. Kwirinda inkwavu bisaba kuzihiga, kuzitega, kuzirukana  gushyiraho uruzitiro cyangwa utuyungirizo twabugenewe. '''Imbeba n’ifuku:''' Ibi byonnyi bicukura mu butaka bikangiza imizi y’uruyuzi. Kwrinda imbeba n’ifuku bisaba kuzitega cyangwa gutega umuti wica imbeba. '''Inkima n’inkende''': Inkima n’inkende zirya inzuzi z’ibihaza. Zicukura igihaza maze zigakuramo inzuzi.  Kuzirinda bisaba kunyanyagiza urusenda rushyushye mu murima w’ibihaza kugira ngo zijye kure y’ibihaza bikuze. Urusenda ruterwa inshuro nyinshi na buri gihe nyuma y’uko imvura iguye. Inkima n’inkende nazo wazirinda ukoresheje imitego yazo cyangwa umuti. '''Isiha:''' ibyo kurya byazo ni imbuto ziryoshye, zeze neza(cyangwa zenda kwera). Kuzihiga no kuzitega ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwiza  bwo kuziirinda.<ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Callosobruchus chinensis (Linné, 1758) male.jpg|thumb|Ibivumvuri biri mubyona uduhaza tukiri duto]] '''''Ibivumvuri byangiza uduhaza turibwa ari tubisi,''  uduhunduguru, ibivumvuri byangiza ibihaza  n’inda z’ibihaza.''' '''''Ibivumvuri byangiza uduhaza turibwa ari tubisi''''':  bigira ibakwe mu kwangiza ku buryo mu kanya gato biba biyogoje igice kinini cy’umurima w’ibihaza. Igice cy’uruyuzi bikunda kurya cyane ni ubututu bukiri bushyashya bw’umuhondo hamwe n’amababi.<ref name=":2" /> '''Ibivumvuri byangiza ibihaza:''' birya igiti cy’uruyuzi kandi zishobora kwangiza inzuzi zikiri nto. '''Uduhunduguru: tu'''garagara nk’aho twitwaje intwaro nto zikagira ishusho nk’iy’ingabo ku mugongo wazo. Dusa n’ikijuju kijya kuba umukara n’udutwe dusa na oranje. Dushobora kwirasa rimwe tukihisha ukatubura.<ref name=":2" />   '''Inda z’ibihaza''':ikimenyetso cya mbere kigaragara ku nzuzi zanduye iyi ndwara n’uko amababi atoshye akiri mato atangira kwihinahina. Iyo ugenzuye neza wegereye uruyuzi ubona utwo dukoko duto twinshi cyane tunyunyuza amatembabuzi ku gice cy’inyuma cy’amababi. Dushobora no kwangiza cyane indabo z’ingore no gushwanyuza utubuto tugitangira kumera. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’utu dukoko mu murima muto, umuhinzi akoresha uburyo bwo gusuka amazi menshi ku nzuzi. Bituma udukoko duhunguka ku nzuzi bikanagabanya ubukana twari tuzanye bwo kwangiza. Ibyo bituma udukoko tw’utugore dufatwa.Igihe ufite umurima utari munini, ushobora guhangana n’utu dukoko ukadufata kamwe kamwe ukwako ukadushyira mu kintu kirimo amazi y’isabune na amoniya.Kugira ngo hagabanuke iyororoka ry’utu dukoko, mu gihe cy’imvura hakorwa ifumbire y’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa, kandi umuhinzi agahinga ageza isuka hasi cyane ku buryo udukoko tutabona ahantu twihisha mu mvura. Uruhavu cyangwa inkengero zizitiye umurima zigahora zisukuye ibyatsi bibi bigakurwaho n’isuka cyangwa bikarandurwa. Guhinga imirongo y’Ibihwagari yafi y’umurima  w’inzuzi na byo bifasha kurinda udukoko. Ibi bisaba ko igihe cyo kwera kibarwa neza ku buryo Ibihwagari bitangira kuzana ururabo mbere gato y’inzuzi. Udukoko nk’ibivumvuri byangiza uduhaza turibwa aritubisi dukururwa n’umuhondo ukeye  w’imitwe y’Ibihwagari. Iyo utu dukoko atari twinshi duhugira ku bihwagari bityo ntitujye kwangiza n’inzuzi. Igihe bibaye ngombwa ko hakoreshwa imiti yica ubukoko, ni byiza gukoresha imiti itangiza ibidukikije.<ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] mkp0zv7llsb0plzxtzye3cw12vagl1l 0 14352 138719 137056 2026-09-17T12:25:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138719 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:3 species of passionfruit.jpg|thumb|Amatunda|277x277px]] [[Dosiye:Funchal Public Market - 13.jpg|thumb|amatunda|293x293px]] [[Dosiye:Passion fruit red2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Passion-fruit-munhoven.JPG|thumb|Passion-fruit-munhoven]] [[Dosiye:"Passion fruit".jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Passion fruit 700.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Passiflora Edulis Open Fruit2.jpg|thumb]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Purple passionfruit.jpg|thumb|Amatunda]] [[Dosiye:Wrinkled brown passionfruit.jpg|left|thumb]] Amatunda cyangwa Marakuja ni [[igiti]] kirandaranda gifite inkomoko muri [[Burezile|Brezile]]. Muri rusange ni igihingwa kitarama, kibaho igihe gito (hagati y`imyaka 5-7). Ni igihingwa gikura vuba cyane kirandaranda cyihuta, gifite igiti gikomeye. [[Urubuto]] rw'itunda rugira ishusho y'uruziga cyangwa ishusho y'igi rukagira uburebure bugera kuri cm 10 n'uburemere bugera kuri  g 90. Imbere mu itunda habamo agahu gatwikiriye urusukume ruhumura neza rugizwe n`imbuto zijya z' umuhondo ujya gutukura zivanze n`umutobe zishobora kugera kuri 250, ziba ari nto, zikomeye, zisa n'ikigina cyijimye cyangwa zikaba umukara. Amatunda akungahaye kuri vitamini A na C, akize kandi ku munyu wa Potasiyumu, Karisiyumu, Ubutare n`izindi ntungamubiri. Amatunda kandi azwi cyane kubera akamaro afite mu buvuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/amatunda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170024/https://umutihealth.com/amatunda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amatunda akunda ahantu hashyuha, ahari ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 20-30 ni ho heza ku matunda. Imvura ikenewe ku matunda ugereranyije yagombye kuba mm 1500 ku mwaka. Ubutumburuke amatunda akunda buratandukanye bitewe n`ubwoko bwayo : ubwoko bw'amatunda y'umuhondo bukunda ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 0-800 mu gihe ubwoko busa n`idoma bugomba guhingwa ku butumburuke buri hagati ya m 1200-2000 hejuru y`inyanja.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170026/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/passion_fruits/varieties</ref> [[Dosiye:Baishiangguo-1kg.JPG|thumb|amatunda atukura]] Amatunda akura neza ahantu hari ubutaka bw`urusenyi rwaba rudakabije cyangwa rukabije.  Igihe ubutaka buhingwamo amatunda ari ubw`ibumba, ni ngombwa kuyobora amazi  ariko iyo ari ubutaka bw`urusenyi cyane buba bukeneye ifumbire nyinshi. Amatunda akunda kandi ubutaka busharira ku rugero rwa 6.5-7.5. ariko iyo ubutaka bukabije gusharira ni ngombwa gushyiramo ishwagara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/imishinga-yamatunda-yazamuye-imibereho/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170023/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/imishinga-yamatunda-yazamuye-imibereho/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Imbuto ziri imbere n`agahu k`imbere mu itunda ni byiza kubirya cyangwa gukuramo umutobe, n`ibindi biribwa biryohera bishobora gukorwamo mu nganda, nk`ibiribwa bibikwa mu dukopo, umutobe w`imbuto,  urusukume rusigwa ku migati, n`ibindi. Amatunda akoreshwa kandi mu buvuzi mu buryo bwo kuruhura imitsi. Mu birebana n`ubukungu, amatunda ni igihingwa kinjiriza abahinzi  amafaranga atubutse  kuko inganda z`imbere mu gihugu ziba ziteguye guhita ziyagura.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uko-imbuto-zirimo-amatunda-zagiye-zinjira-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Abahinzi-bimbuto-muri-Nyagatare-bavuze-ko-bahangayikishijwe-nudusimba-tuzibasiye</ref> [[Dosiye:Passion fruits.jpg|thumb|Igiti cy'amatunda]] === Amoko y`amatunda === Muri rusange hariho amoko abiri y`amatunda, ubwoko bugira ibara ry`idoma (''Passiflora edulis''), n`ubwoko bugira ibara ry`umuhondo (''Passiflora edulis flavocarpa)''. Ubwoko bw`amatunda y`umuhondo bushobora kwihanganira cyane indwara n`ibyonnyi. Naho ubwoko busa n`idoma buba bwiza cyane ku isoko kandi bukundwa na benshi kubera impumuro yabwo nziza.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/amatunda-ni-urubuto-rwiza-ku-murwayi-wa-diyabeti</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-wakwirinda-indwara-yubudomo-ya.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226170022/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-wakwirinda-indwara-yubudomo-ya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/amafoto-y-umugore-wa-raila-odinga-ari-kwiba-amatunda-yateje-abanya-kenya</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] eqmxz6oce6srrt48ochk07opw0rxgka 0 14359 138720 137057 2026-09-17T12:26:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138720 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Diaporthe citri (10.3897-mycokeys.77.59999) Figure 4.jpg|thumb|Amacunga]] [[Dosiye:Mandarin Oranges (Citrus Reticulata).jpg|thumb|amacunga]] === Iriburiro === [[Dosiye:Kozan orange variety 02.jpg|thumb|Amacunga.]] Icunga  (cyane cyane ubwoko buryohera) ni [[urubuto]] rwo mu bwoko bwa bw'indimu. Byaragaragaye ko amacunga ari imbuto zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri nka vitamini, imyunyungugu n'izindi ntungamubiri byose bikaba ingenzi mu mikurire myiza n'ubuzima bwiza muri rusange. Byongeye kandi  amacunga n`ibindi bitunga umubiri cyangwa ibifite undi mumaro bikomoka ku macunga cyangwa ku bindi bihingwa bishobora gufasha mu kugabanya akaga ko kurwara indwara zabaye akarande. [[Dosiye:Oranges - whole-halved-segment.jpg|thumb]] Imbuto z`amacunga zifitemo izindi ntungamubiri zitangaje harimo ibitera mbaraga, Potasiyumu, aside, Kalisiyumu, Vitamini B ( B1, B3, B6), umuringa, Fosifori, Manyaziyumu n'iyindi myunyungugu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226174833/https://umutihealth.com/amacunga/</ref><ref>https://umwezi.rw/?p=4484</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226174830/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/orange/varieties</ref> [[Dosiye:Ambersweet oranges.jpg|thumb|amacunga.]] === Amoko y'amacunga === ==== Valencia ==== Ni amacunga agira agahu gato, aba mato cyangwa akagira urugero rugereranyije, ntabe mato ntabe manini. Ni bwo bwoko nyabwo bw'amacunga, akaba azwi cyane ku izina ry'amacunga y'umutobe.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/amacunga-agarurira-ubuzima-uruhu-rwangiritse-menya-byinshi-ku-kamaro-k-amacunga</ref> === Cara cara === Amacunga ya Kara Kara (bita "amacunga atukura") araryohera kandi akagira aside nkeya. Afite igishishwa kibengerana gisa n'icy'ayandi moko y'amacunga atukura, ariko igihu cyayo gitandukanye n`ayandi kuko cyo gisa n'umutuku ujya kuba iroza. Batekereza ko yaba akomoka ku mvange y'amacunga  yitirirwa Washington n'ayo muri [[Burezile]] .  Amoko yose y'amacunga atukura ajya gusa, ariko agatandukanira ku kwijima k'uruhu rwayo ry'inyuma. Iyo urebye imbere mu gishishwa usanga gisa n'umutuku ujya kuba iroze cyane. Ni meza kuyarya nk'imbuto ariko binaba byiza kuyategurana [[Imboga|n'imboga]] zirimbwa ari mbisi kuko agira akantu karura.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/guhinga-amacunga-nimyembe-byamuhinduriye-ubuzima-inama-ku-bagisuzugura-ubuhinzi-bwimbuto/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/uko-imyembe-n-amacunga-byatumye-nzamurambaho-ava-mu-bukene-bikamuhindurira</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Amafunguro-atangaje-y-abaperezida-yavugishije-benshi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] 7bl132pgrwadc8ojgtg59xi8xr7ar2l 0 14368 138788 137020 2026-09-17T12:57:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138788 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imyumbati.jpg|thumb|Imyumbati]] [[File:Balanghoy (Manihot esculenta) tubers.jpg|thumb|Balanghoy (Manihot esculenta) tubers]] [[File:Malpighiales - Manihot esculenta - 2.jpg|thumb|Malpighiales - Manihot esculenta - 2]] [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta dsc07325.jpg|thumb|casava]] [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta - Tapioca - Cassava at Periya (3).jpg|left|thumb]] Ubuhinzi bw'imyumbati mu Rwanda  bwazanywe  n'Ababiligi mu mwaka w'1930. Imyumbati  ni igihingwa ngandurarugo kiri ku mwanya wa gatatu nyuma  y'ibijumba n'ibitoki.  Mu myaka icumi ishize umusaruro w'imyumbati wagiye ugabanuka bitewe ahanini n'indwara, ibyonnyi n'ibura ry'imbuto zihanganira indwara.  <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/imyumbati/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226195446/https://umutihealth.com/imyumbati/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Imyumbati isarurwaho  ibijumba ari na byo biribwa. Imyumbati ifite ubushobozi bwo kwera mu butaka buteraramo ibindi bihingwa. Imyumbati kandi yera mu gihe hariho amapfa. Kubera ko imyumbati ishobora kuguma mu butaka kugeza ku mezi 24, ndetse n'amwe mu moko yayo akaba yaguma mu butaka kugeza ku mezi 36, gusarura imyumbati bishobora gutegereza ko isoko riboneka cyangwa haboneka uburyo bwo kuyitunganya.Imyumbati iribwa n'abantu, ariko ishobora no kugaburirwa amatungo. Mu ngo nyinshi imyumbati iribwa nk'ikiribwa gitera imbaraga. Imyumbati ishobora kuribwamo umutsima, igikoma, kotswa cyangwa gutogoswa. Amababi y'imyumbati nayo aribwa nk'imboga rwatsi, zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri na Vitamini A na B.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-imyumbati-iterwa-naho-igomba-guterwa.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226195440/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/uko-imyumbati-iterwa-naho-igomba-guterwa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amoko === [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta 001( bw.jpg|thumb|Umwumbati wo mubwoko bw'umuvunde]] Ubusanzwe hari amoko abiri y'amoko y'imyumbati: imyumbati irura n'imyumbati y'imiribwa. Imyumbati yitwa ko ari imiribwa igihe yifitemo ubusharire buke. Ubundi imyumbati yigiramo ubusharire ( aside) bugomba gukurwamo kugira ngo ibashe kuribwa. Imyumbati y'imiribwa yigiramo ubusharire buke  butagira icyo butwaye.  Imyumbati irura ihingwa kimwen'imyumbati y'imiribwa, ariko yifitemo ubusharire ku rugero rwo hejuru. Imyumbati y'imiribwa ishobora kugira urugero rw'ubusharire bungana na 40/1000000, naho imyumbati irura ikagira ubusharire ku rugero rwa 490/1000000. Urugero ruri hejuru ya 50/1000000 rufatwa nk'urwateza ibyago. Ubusharire mu myumbati irura ni ikibazo ku buzima bw'abantu, kereka bubanje kugabanywa kugera ku rugero rwihanganirwa. Iyo imyumbati igifite ubwo busharire iba ari uburozi bushobora kwica, ariko na none kubugabanya mu myumbati bikozwe ku buryo budatunganye na bwo na byo bishobora kwica mu gihe runaka, cyane cyane mu gihe ifunguro ribuzemo intungamubiri. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ubusharire mu myumbati. Kwanika imyumbati gusa bigabanya urugero rw'ubusharire, n'ubwo bishobora kuba bidahagije kugira ngo iribwe. Kwinika imyumbati mu mazi mbere yo kuyanika ni byo byizewe mu kugabanya ubusharire  ku buryo nyabwo. Guhugutisha imyumbati uko yakabaye cyangwa yacagaguwemo uduce duto nabyo bigabanya ubusharire, kuyikaranga ndetse no kuyibiza inshuro nyinshi uhindura amazi na byo bigabanya ubusharire ku buryo iribwa nta kibazo. [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta - Tapioca - Cassava at Periya (9).jpg|thumb|Igiti cy'umwumbati]] Mu Rwanda dufite dufite amoko y'imyumbati menshi ariko afite ikibazo cyo kwibasiwa n'indwara n'ibyonnyi biyangiza. Ayo moko aragaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/sobanukirwa-impamvu-imyumbati-ushobora-kuyirya-ikakumerera-nabi</ref> [[Dosiye:Manihot esculenta cassava flower vijayanrajapuram.jpg|thumb|casava plant]] === Imyumbati === * Gutegura umurima uzahingwamo imyumbati uri imusozi bitandukana no gutegura umurima uri mu kabande cyangwa mu kibaya: imusozi, bahinga imyumbati mu ntabire ishashe cyangwa amayogi cyangwa imitabo. Mu bibaya, abahinzi bater imyumbati  ku mitabo cyangwa amayogi yigiye hejuru kugira ngo birinde ko yarengerwa n'amazi. * [[Dosiye:Cassava with beans.jpg|thumb|imyumbati nibishyimbo]]Amayoyi aba afite uburebure buri hagati ya cm 30 na cm 60 cm. * Intera iri hagati y'amayogi iba iri hagati  ya cm 60 na cm 100. * Batabira umurima hanyuma bagasanza. Ibyo bikorwa mu gihe ubutaka buhehereye. Tabira umurima nibura kugeza kuri cm 15-30 cm z'ubujyakuzimu.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ruhango-Barifuza-imbuto-nshya-yimyumbati</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/uko-ibishishwa-by-imyumbati-byafashije-abagore-muri-benin-kurengera-ibidukikije</ref> <u>IBANGA RYO GUHINGA NEZA IMYUMBATI</u> imyumbati ihinze mu buryobubunganga ubutaka kandi bugamijekongera umusaruro,iyo uwukoze ukurikije uburyo bwo gutegurau umurima,gutegura ingeri z' imyumbati no kwicira imyumbati byazabikuze ngo bitanga umusaruro ushimishije.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibanga-ryo-guhinga-neza-imyumbati-igiti-kimwe-kikeraho-ibiro-100/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-05-28 |archive-date=2023-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625001300/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ibanga-ryo-guhinga-neza-imyumbati-igiti-kimwe-kikeraho-ibiro-100/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] 3h6v90osz7pwuiuur7z38n3ws2vzo4h 0 14369 138721 137058 2026-09-17T12:26:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138721 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum fruits IMGP0049.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Green Bell Pepper.jpg|thumb|Green Bell Pepper]] [[Dosiye:Poivron frais.jpg|thumb|Poivron ]] [[Dosiye:Petit poivron ayant poussé dans un poivron.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons verts.JPG|thumb|Poivrons]] [[Dosiye:Poivron frais.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons rouges et verts au marché d'Orange.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] [[Dosiye:Poivrons coupés avec oignons à la poêle.jpg|thumb|Puwavuro]] == Iriburiro == [[Dosiye:Capsicum baccatum in Saúde flea market, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|left|thumb]] Puwavuro ni urusenda rudakaze ruzwi ku miterere yarwo isa n’inzogera, kuba rutifitemo uburure (Capsaicin) bituma rutagira ubukana nk’ubw’urundi rusenda. Puwavuro z’ubwoko butukura n’izisa n’idoma zigira agasharire gake naho izisa n’umutuku, izisa na oranje ndetse n’iz’umuhondo zigiramo uburyohe. Puwavuro ziri mu bwoko bw’imboga zihingwa umwaka wose zikaba mu muryango w’ibihingwa byera byabanje kurabya (Solanacaea). Mu butaka burumbuka, puwavuro zigira uburebure buri hagati ya m 1.0 -1.5. Igiti cya puwavuro kigira imizi migufi cyane kandi ikomeye bihagije igifashaigiti gukomera mu butaka. Puwavuro yeze igira ubuhwa bwinshi imbere.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/puwavuro-ikoreshwa-nk-ikirungo-ikize-kuri-vitamine-c-kurusha-amacunga-ubushakashatsi</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abahinzi-ibihumbi-40-bagiye-gufashwa-guhinga-kijyambere-imboga-n-imbuto-mu</ref> === Amoko ya puwavuro === [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum var. Fiesta - MHNT.jpg|thumb|276x276px|puwavuro]] Puwavuro ni igihingwa cyo mu bwoko bw’urusenda gihingwa igihe cyoae mu mwaka. Puwavuro zeza imbuto zifite amabara atandukanye harimo iz’umutuku, umuhondo, oranje, icyatsi kibisi n’idoma. Puwavuro rimwe na rimwe zibarirwa mu bwoko bw’urusenda rudakaze cyane zikitwa urusenda rutarrura.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-hatashywe-umushinga-wo-kuhira-imyaka-hifashishijwe-imirasire-yizuba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226204213/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/ngoma-hatashywe-umushinga-wo-kuhira-imyaka-hifashishijwe-imirasire-yizuba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ingero z’amoko amwe n’amwe ya puwavuro === ==== Double Up. ==== [[Dosiye:Capsicum annuum 15-p.bot-capsic.annu-007.jpg|thumb|250x250px|puwavuro]] Ni ubwoko bwa puwavuro burumbuka cyane, bwavuye ku mvange y’amoko atandukanye, bukunda guhingwa mu mirima migari. Imbuto zazo ziba zitsindagiye kandi zisa zose, zikagira hafi nka cm 10 x10, zihisha zitinze, ari ko zigenda zihinduka umutuku tukutuku bituma zigaragara neza mbere yo kuzipakira ari nke no kuzipakira ari nyinshi. Mu rubuto imbere haba hegeranye rukomeye ku buryo gusarura bwa mbere bigira umusaruro utubutse. Ubu bwoko bufite ubushobozi bugereranyije bwo guhangana n’indwara zitera ibibara ziterwa na mikorobi zo mu bwoko bwa 1, 2 n’ubwa 3. Umusaruro wazo uba mwiza mu gihe kirekire zishobora kwera.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202711/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/green_pepper/crop_management</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isangostar.rw/france-leta-yahagaritse-itegeko-rikumira-gupfunyika-imbuto-nimboga-mu-mashashi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202711/https://www.isangostar.rw/france-leta-yahagaritse-itegeko-rikumira-gupfunyika-imbuto-nimboga-mu-mashashi |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Red bell pepper.jpg|thumb|pavuro yumutuku]] ==== Capsicum Victory F1 ==== Ubu bwoko bwa puwavuro ni ubwoko bukunda igihe cy’ihinga gishyushye. Ubu bwoko bwa puwavuro bukungahaye ku bintu bisukura umubiri  (antioxidants) bituma umuntu agumana ubuzima buzira umuze. Bukize kandi ku munyu wa Potasiyumu utuma umuvuduko w’amaraso ujya ku gipimo cyiza kandi zifitemo intungamubiri z’imizi/ibikatsi (fibres). Imbuto za puwavuro zimera mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 2 cyangwa 3 zitewe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/11/dore-akamaro-9-ko-kurya-puwavuro-ku.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202709/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/11/dore-akamaro-9-ko-kurya-puwavuro-ku.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Puwavuro z’umuhondo ==== Ni puwavuro z’ibara ry’umuhondo, zifitemo isukari, zifite igishishwa kinini, zifite intungamubiri kandi ibara ryazo rituma zigaragara neza mu mboga mbisi. Ni nziza kuzirya bisanzwe cyangwa kuzirya ari mbisi. Ibiti bya puwavuro z’umuhondo biba binini bityo bisaba ko bishingirirwa cyane cyane iyo byezeho imbuto nyinshi. Puwavuro z’umuhondo ziba ari icyatsi kibisi zigatangira kuba umuhondo guhera ku minsi 70 kugeza kuri 80.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0sZA3BXXd4</ref> ==== Puwavuro zisa n’ibara ry’icunga ==== [[Dosiye:Solanales - Capsicum annuum - 5.jpg|thumb|puwavuro]] Puwavuro zisa n’ibara ry’icunga ni ubwoko bw’imvange buryoha cyane, iyo zeze ziva ku ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi zigahinduka oranje isa na mandarine. Izi puwavuro zigira igishishwa gikomeye zikanagira ubushobozi bwo gusukura umubiri. Ni bwo bwoko buryoha cyane mu moko yose ya puwavuro z’amabara. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu isupu y’inyanya, mu mboga mbisi, cyangwa igatekwa bisanzwe mu bindi biribwa. Ibiti bya puwavuro za oranje bibasha guhangana n’indwara y’ububembe buterwa na virusi y’itabi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Impamvu-z-ingenzi-zituma-puwavuro-zitagomba-kubura-ku-mafunguro-yawe-ya-buri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226202709/https://genesisbizz.com/Impamvu-z-ingenzi-zituma-puwavuro-zitagomba-kubura-ku-mafunguro-yawe-ya-buri |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gutegura umurima wo guhumbika puwavuro === ==== ''-Uko bikorwa:'' ==== * Gutema ibihuru * Gutegura ubutaka * Kwegeranya ibikoresho bikenewe no guhitamo umurama ufunze kandi wujuje ubuziranenge * Kuvanga neza ifumbire mu butaka * Gupima ingero z’ubuhumbikiro n’inguni zazo * Guhinga neza ubutaka bufumbiye no kubuzamura byibura kugera kuri cm 30 z’uburebure no kuburinganiza * Gutangira impande z’ubuhumbikiro bakoresheje ibiti, imitumba y’insina cyangwa amashami y’ibiti * Guca imirongo igororotse itambitse hakurikijwe intera yemewe * Gutera witonze umurama wa puwavuro ku ntera itandukanyijwe na cm 1-2 (urugero rureshya n’urugingo rw’urutoki) nyuma ukarenzaho agataka gake * Kuvomerera ubuhumbikiro ku buryo buhagije * Gukora indi mirimo yose isabwa mu buhumbikiro nko kubagara no kurwanya ibyonnyi, kwicira mu rwego rwo kugabanya ubucucike bw’ingemwe ibyo bigakorwa ingemwe zaramaze kumera neza. * Kubakira ubuhumbikiro ngo haze igicucu kirinda ingemwe kononekara kubera umuyaga cyangwa ibitonyanga biremereye by’imvura * Gutwikira ubutaka bakoresheje utwatsi duke nyuma yo guhumbika ariko tugakurwaho vuba bishoboka igihe umurama utangiye kumera tukazakoreshwa mu gusasira. * Kureka ingemwe zigafata bagabanya kuvomerera kenshi banagabanya isakaro mu byumweru 1-2 mbere yo kugemura kugira ngo ingemwe zikomere.<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230225140942/https://umutihealth.com/poivron/</ref> ==== ''Gutegura umurima'' ==== [[Dosiye:Planting Hena 3.jpg|thumb|209x209px|umurima uteguye neza]] Ni ngombwa guhitamo ahantu hari umurima wayoborewe amazi neza kandi udaheruka guhingwamo imbuto zo mu bwoko bw’ibihingwa birabya mbere yo kweramu gihe cya vuba.<ref name=":1" /> ==== ''Gutegura umurima'' ==== Ni ngombwa guhitamo ahantu hari umurima wayoborewe amazi neza kandi udaheruka guhingwamo imbuto zo mu bwoko bw’ibihingwa birabya mbere yo kweramu gihe cya vuba. Gutwikiriza ibishishwa by’umuceri mu murima bagiye guteramo mbere yo guhumbika ndetse no kuzamura umurima ho nka cm 15 z’uburebure kugira ngo byorohe kuyoboramo amazi bigabanya ibibazo by’indwara zishobora guturuka mu butaka. Umurama uterwa ku mirongo utandukanyijwe na cm 6. Ubutaka butwikirizwa agafumbire gake kanoze cyangwa isaso y’ibishishwa by’umuceri. Puwavuro ziterwa mu buhumbikiro kugira ngo zizamuke vuba zinakure vuba. Ni byiza gutera umurama wujuje ubuziranenge kugira ngo umusaruro uzabe mwiza. Nyuma ingemwe zigemurirwa mu murima wateguwe. Umurima wigiye hejuru utuma kuyobora amazi mu murima byoroha. Umurima ushobora gutegurwa mu buryo bwinshi. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe imitabo ikorwa ku buryo busanzwe ifite ubugari bwa m 1 n’imiyoboro ya cm 50 z’ ubugari. Uburebure bw’umurima buterwa n’igihe cy’ihinga: cm 20 mu gihe cy’izuba na cm 35 mu gihe cy’imvura. Isaso ikozwe mu bishishwa by’umuceri cyangwa mu bindi bimera ikoreshwa batwikira ubutaka. Akamaro k’isaso ni ukugumisha ifumbire mu butaka, kugumisha ubuhehere mu butaka no kugabanya kumera kw’ibyatsi bibi.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/ibintu-ukwiriye-kujya-witaho-buri-munsi-niba-ushaka-kwirinda-diyabeti</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] c31szsgiz351h4j6ez5pf8yf2qzwml1 0 14371 138836 137092 2026-09-17T13:33:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138836 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BlackeyeBean.jpg|thumb|Inkori]] [[Dosiye:Pulse food.jpg|thumb|inkori]] [[Dosiye:Pulses....27.11.13. (75).JPG|left|thumb]] Inkori ni ibinyamisogwe by’ingenzi biboneka mu bice bya za Toropike bivamo izuba n’imvura biringaniye, bihingwa muri [[Aziya]], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]], [[Uburayi|Uburayi bw’amajyepfo]] ndetse no muri [[Amerika]] yo hagati n’amajyepfo. Inkori zifitemo kuva kuri 23 kugeza kuri 35% bya poroteyine n’ibinure ku gipimo kiri hejuru (guhera kuri 1 kugeza kuri 1,6%), ivu kuva kuri (3,4 kugeza kuri  4,6%); na fiburecyangwa ibikatsi  (19,5). Garama 100 z’ifu y’ inkori zikwije ibipimo bikenewe ku munsi by’imyunyu za Feri, Zenke, Kalisiyumu, Potasiyumu, Manyeziyumu, Manganezi n’Umuringa. (Fontenele et al., 2012). Inkori ni igihingwa cyihanganira ubushyuhe n’ikirere gishyuha, zigakunda uturere twumagaye twa za Toropike mu gihe ibindi bihingwa biribwa by’ibinyamisogwe bidatanga umusaruro mwiza ahantu nk’aho. Inkori kandi zifitemo ubushobozi bwo gukurura Azote yo mu kirere zikoresheje uduheri tuba ku mizi yazo kandi zikura neza mu butaka bwagundutse bufite hejuru ya 85% by’urusenyi no munsi ya 0,2% by’ibinyabutabire n’igipimo kiri hasi cya fosifore. Inkori zihanganira ahantu hari igicucu bityo zishobora kuvangwa n’ibihinga bimwe na bimwe nk’ ibigori, ingano, uburo, amasaka, ibisheke  n’ipamba. Ibyo bituma inkori ziba mu bihingwa byubahiriza uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kuvanga ibihingwa cyane cyane mu buhinzi ngandurarugo bukorwa mu mikenke yumagaye yo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ ubutayu bwa Sahara.<ref name=":0">https://www.rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/bimwe-mu-biribwa-byafasha-umubyeyi-wonsa-kubona-amashereka-ahagije</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/cowpeas/varieties |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227052959/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/cowpeas/varieties |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.accessagriculture.org/fr/node/21620</ref><ref name=":1">https://rwandamagazine.com/ubuzima/article/bimwe-mu-bimenyetso-ushobora-kubona-ukaba-watekereza-ko-ari-kanseri-ya-prostate</ref> [[Dosiye:20230711 southern catalpa Surmia bignoniowa Catalpa bignonioides Silesian Zoological Garden Poland 03.jpg|thumb|igiti bisoromaho imiteja.]] Inkori zihingirwa cyane cyane umusaruro w’intete n’ ubwo umushogoro wazo ndetse n’imiteja na byo bishobora kuribwa, bityo inkori  zishobora kuribwa mbere y’uko zisarurwa zimaze kuma. Ibishogoshogo by’inkori bikoreshwa nk’ubwatsi bw’amatungo cyane cyane mu gihe cy’impeshyi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2012/08/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_92.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227052959/https://www.urwego.com/2012/08/bahoneza-rwanda-social-welfare-rwanda_92.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/u-rwanda-rurigisha-amahanga-ku-mihingire-y-ibinyamisogwe</ref> === Amoko y’inkori === Hariho amoko menshi y’inkori ahingwa mu mpande zose z’isi harimo izigira amaso y’umukara cyangwa, ubwoko bwa Heiloom (Soma Heyilumu) n’ubwoko bw’ibyimanyi. Mu karere tugira ubwoko buke bw’inkori z’imvange buboneka mu giturage mubice byicyaro.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] 72aisp94cwl7ey425pe60t8imkyaiff 0 14373 138765 136941 2026-09-17T12:35:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138765 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Glycine max 15-p.bot-glyci.max-031.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Soya|326x326px]] [[Dosiye:Soybean Pod (48754451708).jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Soya]] [[Dosiye:Glycine max 15-p.bot-glyci.max-039.jpg|thumb|Soya]] [[Dosiye:Glycine_max_pod_ripe3_Carol_Rose_(10220453695).jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Soya ]] [[Dosiye:Soya Chaap with curry.jpg|thumb|ifu ya soya]] [[Dosiye:Soya Chaap dish.jpg|thumb|soya chap]] [[Dosiye:Soya beans plantation.jpg|left|thumb|Soya]] '''IRIBURIRO''' Soya ni igihingwa kiri mu muryango w’ibinyamisogwe, gikungahaye ku byubaka umubiri (protein)  n’amavuta. Ihingwa cyane mu murambi n’umukenke w’iburasirazuba, mu mayaga, inkombe z'ikiyaga . Yihanganira ubutaka bwagundutse cyangwa se bufite ubusharire, ikera neza mu butaka burimo amazi ahagije kandi umwuka ubasha gutemberamo. Ikindi kandi,  Soya yifitemo ubushobozi bwo kongera mu butaka imyunyu ngugu yo mu bwoko bwa  Azote ifatanije n’udusimba tuba mu butaka turi mu bwoko bwa bagiteri twitwa Rhizobia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-soya.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227060212/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwa-soya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/umusaruro-wa-soya-ugera-mu-nganda-ziwutunganya-uracyari-mucye-minagri</ref><ref>http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ngoma-ikibazo-cy-ibura-ry-isoko-ku-musaruro-w-ubuhinzi-cyavugutiwe-umuti</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/inama-minisiteri-yubuhinzi-igira-abahinzi-muri-iki-gihe-cyimvura-idasanzwe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227060213/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/inama-minisiteri-yubuhinzi-igira-abahinzi-muri-iki-gihe-cyimvura-idasanzwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amoko yamamazwa == {| class="wikitable" |'''Ubwoko''' | colspan="2" |'''Ibiburanga''' |- | rowspan="5" | '''Peka 6''' |Igihe yerera [iminsi] |119 |- |Umusaruro [Kg/Ha] |2406 |- |Intungamubiri zirimo (%) |34.2 |- |Amavuta arimo (%) |23.4 |- |Akarere iberanye na ko |Imisozi iciriritse/ Imisozi migufi |- | rowspan="5" |'''SB 24''' |Igihe yerera [iminsi] |129 |- |Umusaruro [Kg/Ha] |2700 |- |Intungamubiri zirimo (%) |33.6 |- |Amavuta arimo (%) |12.42 |- |Akarere iberanye na ko |Imisozi iciriritse |- | rowspan="5" |'''SC. Saga''' |Igihe yerera [iminsi] |125 |- |Umusaruro [Kg/Ha] |3264 |- |Intungamubiri zirimo (%) |32.5 |- |Amavuta arimo (%) |17.24 |- |Akarere iberanye na ko |Imisozi iciriritse |- | rowspan="5" |'''SC. Sequel''' |Igihe yerera [iminsi] |122 |- |Umusaruro [Kg/Ha] |2128 |- |Intungamubiri zirimo (%) |28.9 |- |Amavuta arimo (%) |14.6 |- |Akarere iberanye na ko |Imisozi iciriritse |- | rowspan="5" |'''SC. Squire''' |Igihe yerera [iminsi] |128 |- |Umusaruro [Kg/Ha] |3278 |- |Intungamubiri zirimo (%) |30.4 |- |Amavuta arimo (%) |17.7 |- |Akarere iberanye na ko |Imisozi iciriritse |} ==== Gutegura umurima wa soya ==== * Kurwanya isuri. * Kurima bwa mbere. * Guhinga bwa kabiri (gutabira cyangwa gusanza) bagiye gutera imbuto.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230227060212/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/soybeans/planting</ref> '''Gufumbira''' * Bashyiramo T 10 kuri ha z’ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza mu gihe cy’itabira. * Bakongeramo ifumbire mvaruganda: Kg 100 bya DAP mu itera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=53144 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227060216/https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=53144 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cyangwa se bakongeramo rizobiyumu (mikorobi) mu mbuto mbere yo gutera: agapfunyika ka g 40 kavangwa muri Kg 2 z’imbuto.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/abahinzi-baragaragaza-impamvu-batitabira-guhinga-soya/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] nwdke9ialgqr34wf1j3sueeytnrloqc 0 14374 138766 136942 2026-09-17T12:36:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibihumyo.jpg|thumb|Ibihumyo by'aganoderma[[Dosiye:Dried_mushrooms.jpg|thumb|Ibihumyo ]]]] [[Dosiye:Navadne podvihanke (Paxillus involutus).jpg|thumb|igihumyo]] [[Dosiye:Fly Agaric Emerging - geograph.org.uk - 260684.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Ibihumyo]] by'aganoderma ni ibiribwa bikoreshwa mu buryo bwo guteka mu mico itandukanye y'abantu, bikaba kandi bumwe mu bwoko buke bw'ibihumyo biribwa. N'ubwo mu mateka twumva ko abantu bakoreshaga ibihumyo mu mirire cyangwa mu kwivuza, mu myaka ya vuba nibwo byinjijwe ku mugaragaro mu buhanga mu gutegura mafunguro. Uko ubuhinzi bugamije isoko bugenda butera imbere, ubwoko bw'ibihumyo biribwa na bwo bwagiye bwiyongera. Mu rwego rwo kuzamura imirire cyane cyane ku baturage bakennye, ibihumyo ni isoko y'intungamubiri na za vitamini. Byongeye kandi, ibihumyo bikungahaye ku myunyungugu nka Sodiyumu, Potasiyumu, na Kalisiyumu n'Ubutare biri ku rwego rwo hejuru.Ku bw'iyo mpamvu rero, ibihumyo bigira uruhare mu kurwanya imirire mibi no kurwanya indwara yo kugwingira mu bana.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ubuhinzi-bw-ibihumyo-burimo-inyungu-kandi-ku-buso-buto-ubuhamya</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIiACUBMo3Y</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPx_-5LYElE</ref> Guhinga ibihumyo bishobora gukorerwa mu rugo, wifashishije ibikoresho biciriritse cyane cyane hagamijwe gutera inkunga imiryango ikennye ikeneye inkunga y'ibikoresho. Ibihumyo byera mu gihe gito, ntibikenera guhingwa ku butaka bunini kandi ntibutwara amafaranga menshi kuko hari ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye rikoreshwa mu kubihinga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bihumyo-nubuhamya-bwabo-byagiriye-umumaro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221123041/https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/ubuhinzi/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bihumyo-nubuhamya-bwabo-byagiriye-umumaro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amoko == [[Dosiye:Mycena crocea Maas Geest 265871.jpg|thumb|Ubwoko bw'iIbihumyo]] Hariho amoko menshi y'ibihumyo biribwa, ariko ahingwa muri aka karere k'ibiyaga bigari ni abiri gusa, ari yo: Pleurote na Ganoderma . Pulerote  ni ubwoko bw'ibihumyo biribwa buhingirwa kugurishwa no kuribwa ku isi hose. Ubu bwoko bw'ibihumyo ntibugoye guteka kandi biraryoha.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71965/mu-mafoto-uko-ibihumyo-bihingwa-kugeza-bisaruwe-71965.html</ref> === Guhinga ibihumyo bya Ganoderma : === ==== Gushaka umurama ==== [[Dosiye:2008-07-16 Armillaria tabescens cropped.jpg|thumb|Ubwoko bundi bw'ibihumyo]] Niba ukeneye guhinga ibihumyo, ni ngombwa gushaka umurama wo guhinga. Umurama: nk'uko imbuto ari ingenzi ku bihingwa, na wo ni ikintu gihomeye kuko ubwiza bw'umurama ari kimwe mu bituma ibihumyo bitanga umusaruro mwiza. Ushobora kwitegurira umurama ukoresheje ikintu kitarangwaho mikorobi cyangwa ukagura imigina yateguwe n'abayigurisha. Kwitegurira umurama bishobora guhenduka mu gihe kirekire, ariko mu gutangira igishoro cyaba kinini. Ku bw'iyo mpamvu, ni byiza gutangira ugura imigina yatewemo umurama.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/ambasaderi-wang-xuekun-yagaragaje-uko-ibihumyo-bishobora-gufasha-mu-kurandura</ref> [[Dosiye:Fly Agaric mushroom 04.jpg|thumb|igihumyo]] ==== Kubaka igisharagati ==== [[Dosiye:Lactarius salmonicolor cropped.jpg|thumb|Ibihumyo.]] Inzu yo guhingamo ibihumyo ntogomba kuba ihenze cyangwa yubakishije ibikoresho bihambaye. Ibihumyo byo mu butaka bihingwa mu gisharagati cyangwa se ikibandahori cya mpande eshatu (Triangle shelter); kimwe n’icya mpande enye'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/abahinzi-bibihumyo-bari-guhugurwa-ku-buhinzi-butanga-umusaruro-utubutse/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221124547/https://umuseke.rw/2022/08/abahinzi-bibihumyo-bari-guhugurwa-ku-buhinzi-butanga-umusaruro-utubutse/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gutera ibihumyo === * Cukura uturingoti dufite hagati ya cm 25 na 30 uzateramo imigina yawe. * Tereka imigina mu butaka utondekanya ku murongo wegeranya umwe ku wundi, * Orosaho agataka ka cm 1 hanyuma uvomerere. * Shyiraho ishashi igondeye ku biti kugira ngo hagumemo ubuhehere kandi hatagira ikibazo cyo kumagara kugeza igihe bitangiye kuzamuka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.musanze.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ubuhinzi-bwibihumyo-inyunganizi-mu-kurwanya-imirire-mibi-nigwingira-ku-batishoboye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227084610/https://www.musanze.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/ubuhinzi-bwibihumyo-inyunganizi-mu-kurwanya-imirire-mibi-nigwingira-ku-batishoboye |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Gufata neza umusaruro ==== Nk'imbuto cyanga imboga, ibihumyo byangirika vuba. Bishobora kubikwa ahantu hatari mu byuma bikonjesha mu gihe kitarenga amasaha 24. Ni ngombwa rero ko umuhinzi w'ibihumyo akora uko ashoboye kugira ngo ibihumyo bibisi bipfunyikwe kandi bibikwe ku buryo bukwiye ndetse binatunganywe kugira ngo bibashe kubikwa igihe kirekire. Gutunganya umusaruro w'ibihumyo bikorwa babishyira mu bikombe byabugenewe, babyumisha cyangwa babikuramo impumuro kugira ngo bizabikike igihe kirekire. Hakozwe ikoranabuhanga rigamije gukora ibiribwa bikoze mu bihumyo nk'imigati bita Piza, ifu y'ibihumyo itegurwamo isupu, ibisuguti n'ibindi byinshi.<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/kigali-farms-yatangije-gahunda-yo-kurwanya-imirire-mibi-yifashishije-ibihumyo</ref> <ref>https://bwiza.com/?Musanze-Hamuritswe-umushinga-uzafasha-mu-guhangana-n-ingaruka-z</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] e8v1llx6anind6q0nmmwk7zo2h2mbnv 0 14390 138860 136825 2026-09-17T13:43:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138860 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sida rhombifolia flower2 (16142658472).jpg|thumb|Umucundura Rwuri|150x150px]] '''Imizi:''' == Umugore: == [[Dosiye:Starr-110412-5122-Sida rhombifolia-flowers and leaves-Kahana West Maui-Maui (24455902733).jpg|thumb|Rweru|219x219px]] [[Dosiye:Epacris rhombifolia foliage and flowers.jpg|left|thumb|242x242px|Umucundura Rweru]] Kubyara mu buryo bwihuse (kwongera ibise) kandi bikoroheye (accélérer et faciliter l’accouchement): utogosanya umukamato w’imizi n’udusenda 2 duto muri litiro y’amazi. Unywa ikirahure 1 mu gitondo, 1 ku manywa na 1 nimugoroba. Ibyiza n’uko unywa uyu muti uri kumwe n’ababyaza kandi inda ikaba idafite ibimenyetso dystocie.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/123190/tab/taxo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227145415/https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/123190/tab/taxo |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Sida Rhombifolia - കുറുന്തോട്ടി 02.JPG|thumb|Umuzi umucundura Rwuri|154x154px]] [[Dosiye:Baramati, Maharashtra, India. 32 flowering plant.jpg|thumb|umucundura rweru|159x159px]] === Umugabo : === Gushoboza abagabo kuryamana n’abagore (stimuler l’activité sexuelle chez les mâles), kudashyukwa kw’abasore (les jeunes dont le pénis n’entre pas en érection): uhekenya umukamato w’ibishishwa by’imizi y’umucundurarweru n’ubunyobwa, inshuro 3 ku munsi.<ref>https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/123190</ref> ==== Cyangwa sekura amababi unywe uyo jus. ==== ==== Ibishishwa: ==== Contre les glaucomes: ushishura igiti cy’umucundurarweru ukagitwika ukomeka iryo vu ryawo aharwaye. Ubwo buvuzi buzakora neza mbere y’uko igihe cyo guhuma kigera.<ref>https://www.ethnoplants.com/fr/plantes-graines-afrique/111-sida-rhombifolia-feuilles-de-fleche-mahabala-graines.html</ref> ==== Amababi: ==== Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso (hypertension): ufata umukamato w’amababi, ukayumisha, ukayasekura. Ukajya ufata ibiyiko 2 by’ifu ukavanga n’ikirahure 1 cy’amazi yatuye mu gitondo, ikindi ku manywa, ikindi nijoro kugeza igihe umurwayi akiriye. Indwara y’uruhu (panaris) n’ibishyute: usekura ishu na tungurusumu n’amababi y’umucundurarweru, aharwaye ukahapfuka. Ukajya uwomekaho buri munsi. Imitezi (blennorragie: gonnorrhea): ufata imikamato ibiri y’umucundurarweru n’imikamato 2 y’inyabarasanya (Bidens pilosa). Uyasekure, uyinike muri litiro 2 z’[[amazi]]. Unywe litiro 1 ku munsi, iminsi 12. Diyabete: usekura umukamato w’amababi mashyashya ukayatogosa muri litiro y’amazi. Uyanywe amanywa yose. <ref>https://www.tramil.net/fr/plant/sida-rhombifolia</ref> [[Dosiye:Sida rhombifolia 3.jpg|thumb|187x187px|Urucundurarweru]] === Ibisebe byo mu gifu: === fata umukamato w’amababi y’umucundurarweru uyashyire muri litiro y’amazi arimo kubira, unywe ibirahure 2 ku munsi, iminsi 15.<ref>https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/sida_rhombifolia.htm</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] pki35ls43c2p8a1nh1ubb3yodk787i6 0 14391 138837 137094 2026-09-17T13:33:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138837 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Curcuma longa (Haldi) W IMG 2440.jpg|thumb|Turmeric cyangwa Ikinzari|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Turmeric (Haldi) 03.jpg|left|thumb]] Ikinzari cyangwa Turmeric ni [[ikimera]] kiri mu muryango Zingiberaceae ni [[ikimera]] kitarigishya kuko kimaze imyaka irenga 2000 gihingwa, uburebure bwacyo bujya gukabakaba metero, Ifu iva mumizi yacyo ikunzwe gukoreshwa cyane nk’ ikirungo. Igira ibara ry’ umuhondo ujya kuba nk’ icunga ( orange). N’ [[ikimera]] gikomoka mubuhinde no muri Asia y’ amajyepfo y’ iburasirazuba. Kuri ubu kikaba gikoreshwa mubihugu byose ku isi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/icyinzari/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151600/https://umutihealth.com/icyinzari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151600/http://www.agakiza.rw/Menya-byinshi-ku-icyinzari-ikirungo-kivura-indwara-nyinshi.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/02/akamaro-kicyinzari.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151601/https://www.ubuzimainfo.rw/2022/02/akamaro-kicyinzari.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Curcuma longa - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-199.jpg|thumb|Ikinzari|206x206px]] == Akamaro ka turimeric kubuzima bwacu. == ● Itera Umwijima kumererwa neza ● Irwanya ibibazo by' Umutima: ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekanyeko itera imikorere myiza uduce duto two mumutima imbere no mumitsi ijyana amaraso (endothelial), tugira uruhare mukurwanya umuvuduko w' amaraso, no kwangirika kw' umutima. ● Ni anti- inflamatoire. Kubwibyo bituma iba nziza kubibazo bitandukanye cyane nka rubagimpande na arthritis. ● Ni carminative, ninziza kukubyimbura, colic, no gusohora icyuka cyo mumara. ● Irwanya mikorobi, ubwandu cyangwa ama infection, kandi ikaba nziza mukongera ubudahangarwa bw’ umubiri. ● Ni nziza kundwara z’ igifu nka dyspepsia, igogora ritinda kunoza ibyokurya , gastrite chronique, kubura kw’ ipfa ry’ ibyo kurya… ●Ifasha muguhangana n’ indwara zibasira imyanya y’ ubuhumekero nka bronchite, inkorora, asthma… ● Ikangura imikorere y’ [[ubwonko]] kandi igafasha mukugabanya umunaniro no guhangayika , ● ikanarinda indwara ya Alzheimer kubageze muzabukuru n’ izindi Ifite ubushobozi bwogushyira kurigahunda imihango y' abakobwa no kuburizamo ibindi bibazo bijyanye nayo. ● Irinda gusazira imburagihe Ifasha mugusohora urugimbu rubi mumubiri no kurwanya indwara z’ umutima Indwanya indwara z’ uruhu nka psoriasis, eczema, ibiheri byo mumaso… [[Dosiye:Curcuma longa (Haldi) W2 IMG 2440.jpg|thumb|ikinzari|210x210px]] ● Ikomeza imikaya (ligaments) Isukura amaraso Igabanya umubyibuho ukabije Igabanya ingaruka z’ imiti y’ ubutabire ( chemotherapy) Irwanya cancer ( y’ amabere, prostate, y’ uruhu, y ‘ iherezo ry’ amara, iyo mumatembabuzi, n’ iya maraso) Nibyiza kuvanga Turmeric na Black pepper izwi ku izina rya Pilipilimanga, kuko bituma curcumin iboneka muri Turmeric ikwirakwizwa neza mumubiri, ibyo bikayiha ubushobozi bwayo mu mubiri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/sobanukirwa-byinshi-byagufasha-kurinda-ibihaha-no-gutuma-bikora-neza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151559/https://www.thechoicelive.com/sobanukirwa-byinshi-byagufasha-kurinda-ibihaha-no-gutuma-bikora-neza |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Uko ikoreshwa === * Utuyiko 2 duto muri litiro 1 y’ amazi ashyushye. Tegereza iminota 10, ubone kuyungurura, unywe amatasi 3 kumunsi * Kuyishyira mubyokurya, mugikoma, …ukoresheje akayiko gato katuzuye neza * Kubibazo by’ uruhu ikoreshwa uyisize uvanze n’ amazi * Kuvura ibiheri byo mu maso:3 ibiyiko by’ ifu ya turmeric-- 3 ibiyiko by’ [[ubuki]] 1 ikiyiko cya vinaigre ya pomme ½ cy’ [[indimu]] Bivange neza usige mu maso bimareho igice cy’ isaha.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ibyagufasha-gucyesha-mu-kwaha-hawe-hahindutse-umukara/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227151600/https://yegob.rw/ibyagufasha-gucyesha-mu-kwaha-hawe-hahindutse-umukara/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Turmeric plants image.jpg|thumb|218x218px|Umurima uhinzemo ibinzani]] === Ibindi === 1. Turmeric ntangaruka mbi itera umubiri iyo ikoreshejwe neza kurugero rukwiriye. Iyo urengeje urugero ushobora kugira bimwe mubibazo bikurikira:Gukora nabi kw' igogora.--Iseseme Diarrhe Isereri 2. Sibyiza kuyikoresha igihe kirenze amezi 2 cyangwa 3, ujye usimbuka andi mezi 2 mbere yuko wongera kuyikoresha. 3. '''Utwite:''' kuyikoresha nk' ikirungo mubyokurya ntacyitwaye, ariko kuyikoresha kurugero rurihejuru ( nk' umuti) ntabwo byemewe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] dliiqmgfkaicc23wqv9hufra1bgjfuh 0 14392 138838 137095 2026-09-17T13:33:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138838 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BSK COFFE CUP087 (32118436793).jpg|thumb|193x193px|ikawa iri mucyayi cyamata]] [[Dosiye:Coffe from cachipay.jpg|thumb|Igiti cya Kawa|240x240px]] [[Dosiye:BSK COFFE CUP083 (32118435023).jpg|thumb|210x210px|icyuma kikawa]] [[Dosiye:FruitColors.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffee tree in Buon Me Thuot city.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffea arabica 2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffea arabica 3.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Kafarboj sur kampoj apud Da Lat, Vjetnamio 03.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Coffea (Rubiaceae) 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Ripe Seeds Coffee Robusta Coorg Karnataka India Feb24 D72 25688.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Less coarsely grounded coffee beans in white bowl.png|thumb|Ikawa]] [[Dosiye:Roasted coffee beans in white bowl.png|thumb|Ikawa]] Mu kinyejana cya 16 nibwo bamenyekanishije amacyane akozwe muri iki gihingwa. no muri ikigihe cyacu iki Igihingwa cyanditse amateka nko muri leta Zunze ubumwe za Amerika hinjizwa amatoni arenze miliyoni y’ ikawa yonyine ku mwaka. Kugira akamenyero ko kunywa ikawa bigira uyinywa imbata yayo bikamukururira akaga haba kumpagarike no mubwenge ari nacyo gituma ibarirwa mubiyobyabwenge. Kimwe n’ ibindi bimera bibarirwa mubwoko bw’ ibiyobyabwenge (drugs) nk’ opium, caffeine igize ikigihingwa, ishobora kwifashishwa mubuvuzi bwazimwe mundwara mugihe runaka. Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo kuyinywa igihe ishobora kubata umuntu kandi igatera ingorane zitandukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.agakiza.org/Waba-uzi-umumaro-w-ikawa-ku-buzima.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154609/https://www.agakiza.org/Waba-uzi-umumaro-w-ikawa-ku-buzima.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>iki gihingwa kinjiriza igihugu amafaranga menshi binyuze mu kukigurisha mu mahanga. == Imiterere y’ ikawa n’ aho ikoreshwa == [[Dosiye:Colombian coffee beans.jpg|thumb|Igiti cy'ikawa.|230x230px]] [[Dosiye:Less coarsely grounded coffee beans in white bowl with intact roasted bean.png|left|thumb|245x245px]] Ikawa ikungahaye muri alcaloide yitwa trimethyl xanthine izwi ku izina rya caffeine, igizwe na 1 kugeza kuri 2% byibiyigize. Nanone irimo Amavuta ( huile essentielle) ari nayo iyiha impumuro yayo acidecafeique, iyi essence igenda ibabura inzira zigogora. Acides cafeique na chlorogenique bitera kwihagarika ( diueretique), igira n’ ibindi byinshi nka nitrogenes zirema irigutegurwa munganda. Caffeine ni alcaloide iri mubwoko bwa xanthine, muburyo bw’ubutabire ijya kubarwa neza nka purine na acide urique.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ikawa-y-u-rwanda-yinjije-hafi-miliyari-10-frw-mu-cyumweru-kimwe</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/10/04/u-rwanda-rwatangiye-kohereza-ibicuruzwa-binyuze-mu-masezerano-yisoko-rusange/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154602/https://www.ktradio.rw/2022/10/04/u-rwanda-rwatangiye-kohereza-ibicuruzwa-binyuze-mu-masezerano-yisoko-rusange/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ikawa ishobora gutera ingorane zikurikira === ==== Ikangura inzira z’ ubwonko ==== iyo umaze kunywa icyayi cy’ ikawa ushobora kumva aribwo ukangukiye gukora imirimo isaba ubwenge. Nubwo bimeze bityo igabanya ubushozi bwo gufata mu mutwe no kuuza ibyo wize. akorana umuvuduko udasanzwe ariko harimo amakosa menshi. Ibyo yiyumvagamo nko gukangukanguka kintekerezo no kubanguka kubwonko bikurikirwa n’ umunaniro mwinshi nyuma y’ amasaha make gusa afashe ikawa, agatima kagatera gashaka indi kawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jkanya.free.fr/imvahonshya2003.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154600/http://jkanya.free.fr/imvahonshya2003.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Roasted coffee beans.jpg|thumb|ikawa|187x187px]] Ibyo biterwa nuko yifitemo ubushobozi bwogukangura inzira zubwenge kandi by’ amajyejuru gusa. Ikirahure cy’ ikawa ntakintu nakimwe igira gitunga ubwonko bukenera mumikorere yabwo isanzwe nka glucose n’ amavitamine yo mugatsiko ka B, lecithine cyangwa imyunyungugu ( phosphore, calcium n’ indi). Ikwa irakangura ariko ntitunga, iyo ifashwe kurugero rwo hejuru, irangija kandi igaca intege imikorere y’ ubwonko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ikawa-iravuna-igatanga-ingororano/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154605/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ikawa-iravuna-igatanga-ingororano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/50655194</ref> === Imigendere y’amaraso === [[Dosiye:A small cup of coffee.JPG|thumb|icyayi cya kawa|191x191px]] Ikawa itanga imbaraga zo gutera k’ umutima no kuzamuka k’ umuvuduko w’ amaraso. Bikwiriwe kuzirikanwa ko uko ujyenda ukoresha ikawa itera gukora nabi kw’ Imitsi y’ umutima, ibyo bikagaragazwa n’ ibyo bita tachicarirdies na arythime ( akajagari mu miterere y’ umutima). Caffeine itera wiyongera kwa adrenaline mu maraso, maze ibyo bikaba intandaro ikomeye y’ indwara yo guhagara k’ umutima ( attaque cardiaque).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ikawa-y-i-nyamasheke-ni-yo-iryoshye-kurusha-izindi-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/nyamasheke-hakenewe-imbaraga-zurubyiruko-mu-buhinzi-bwa-kawa</ref> === Urwungano ngogozi === ikawa itera ubwiyongere bw’ivuburwa ry’ indurwe yo mugifu ( sucs gastriques) ibyo bishobora ugira umumaro mugihe runaka mugihe bibaye ngombwa. Ariko ikoreshwa ryayo igihe kirekire bishobora gutera ubwiyongere bukabije, ibyo bigatera ibisebe mugifu no mumara mato ( gastro-duodenal), kimwe na colite, bitewe n’ Amavuta aryaryata izo nzira ayigize. Kugira akamenyero ko kunywa ikawa nanone bibera umutwaro umwijima ( foie).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ikawa-y-u-rwanda-ikomeje-gukundwa-ku-isi</ref><ref>https://panorama.rw/starbucks-icuruza-ikawa-yakiriwe-na-perezida-kagame/</ref> === Kugira akamenyero === ko gukoresha ikawa cyane byagaragajwe neza ko bifitanye isano na cancer y’ uruhago, urwagashya ( pancreas) n’ iyo mu iherezo ry’ amara manini ( colon), n’ ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ urugimbu rwinshi mu maraso.Imikoreshereze y’ ikawa ishobora kwemerwa mu buvuzi bukurikira niba ntabundi buryo Buhari bwayisimbura muruwo mwanya kandi bufite ingaruka nke ugereranije n’ akaga itera.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Mu-Rwanda-ikawa-ihahingwa-inyobwa-ku-kigero-cya-3-gusa</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ikawa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227160109/https://umutihealth.com/ikawa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Intoxication alcoolique aigue === Ikawa ishobora kuburizamo bona nubwo Atari muburyo bwuzuye, ingaruka zo guhungabana kw’ inzira zubwenge zizanywe n’ uburozi bwinzoga mubwonko.Ushobora kuyikoresha nk’ umuti kugira ngo ukangure uwishwe n’ inzoga. Kuvura umusinzi neza bisaba kumuha urugero ruhagije rwa vitamin B COMPLEXE, kandi ikawa ntiyigira.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sM_5d6QPVs</ref><ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/a-18-2008-10-27-voa1-93022234/1265207.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Coffee plantation in Cachipay, Colombia.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Kawa|257x257px]] === Lipothymie, === ni indwara irangwa no gusa nubuze ubwenge by’ akanya gato, ugasa nugize ikizungera, biterwa no kutagera neza kw’ amaraso mubwonko, ugasa n’ uzimiye. Bishobora guterwa no gucika intege bizanywe n’ imirimo yagahanyu cyangwa umunaniro ukabije wo mu bwenge, stress, intimba n’ amajune, amarangamutima akabije, ubwoba no gutumutwe ( panique), ubwoba buzanywe n’ ibintu runaka nko kujya muri escenceur,indege, Imodoka… aribwo bita (phobie), nanone iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa no kubura isukari mu maraso, ubushuhe bwinshi, kugabanuka kwamazi mu mubiri, imiti imwe n’ imwe… ikawa kuri iyingorane ishobora gutanga igisubizo cy’ akanya gato nk’ ingoboka ariko, ariko si umuti ukiza. Birakwiriye ko hatangwa ubuvuzi bwiyondwara hashingiwe mucyayiteye.<ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/u-burusiya-buherutse-kugura-ikawa-nyinshi-yu-rwanda/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/ikawa-yoherejwe-mu-mahanga-mu-cyumweru-kimwe-yinjije-miliyari-2frw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154557/https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/ikawa-yoherejwe-mu-mahanga-mu-cyumweru-kimwe-yinjije-miliyari-2frw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Umutwe cephalees, maux de tete, migraine, === Itewe na grippe cyangwa ikomotse kubyo bita catarrhale iterwa no kwiyongera kururenda munzira z’ ubuhumekero, bishobora gutuma ubwonko butageramo umwuka wa oxygene neza, na none n’ ingorane y’ umuriro ( fievre): ikawa ishobora kugabanya ubwo buribwe bw’ umutwe, kandi ikazana ihembura kurwaye gripe. Muribyo bibazo nibyiza gukoresha ibindi bimera bivura neza grippe kandi bidafite ingaruka nk’ izikawa, kandi byongera ubudahangarwa bw’ umubiri.<ref>https://ikawa.rw/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2022/10/10/ikawa-yu-rwanda-ikomeje-guca-uduhigo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154615/https://igisabo.rw/2022/10/10/ikawa-yu-rwanda-ikomeje-guca-uduhigo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibindi === Ikawa ntabwo ikwiriye gukoresha muburyo buhoraho, kimwe nokuyikoresha nk’ umuti, bitewe na caffeine, igira imbata uyikoresha. Niba ikoreshejwe nk’ umuti, ntukarenze urugero ruteganijwe, ibirahure 2 cyangwa 3 kumunsi. ● Ikawa irabujijwe cyane ( contre-indique) kubantu bafite ibibazo bikurikira: [[Dosiye:FruitColors.jpg|thumb|193x193px|Ibitumbwe bya kawa]] - ibisebe mugifu no mumara mato ( gastro-duodenal), gastrite, uburibwe bwo mugifu, - colite, - Nervosite , - Hypertension, Umuvuduko ukabije w’ amaraso- Cardiopathie, indwara y’ umutima - arythmies, Gutimbaguza kumutima( gutera vubavuba kumutima) - Indwara ya Goutte, acide- utwite ( ikawa ishobora gukereza imikurire y’ umwana utwite), - uwonsa ashobora guhererekanya caffeine n’ uwo atwite binyuriye mu mashereka.<ref>https://www.ikawacoffee.com/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Ikawa-y-u-Rwanda-igiye-gusogongererwa-i-Dubai-5430 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227154559/https://genesisbizz.com/Ikawa-y-u-Rwanda-igiye-gusogongererwa-i-Dubai-5430 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] k7gandyst11nvv9byz9nd9apl5ugvjs 0 14399 138588 121580 2026-09-17T12:04:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) single2.jpg|thumb|inkeri|162x162px]][[Dosiye:Fraise des bois.jpg|thumb|Inkeri za Bravura.|154x154px]] [[Dosiye:Picker on a strawberry field in Quebec, Canada.jpg|thumb|155x155px|Abahinzi b'Inkeri mumurima winkeri]] Ubuhinzi bw’[[inkeri]] mu [[Rwanda]], busa n’aho ari bushya kuko si igihingwa wabona muri buri gace, kuko muri iyi myaka ya vuba, ubuhinzi bw’inkeri bugenda bwiyongera, muri 2021, nibwo haje ingemwe 70,000 z’inkeri mu Rwanda, izo nkeri zikaba ari izo mu bwoko bwitwa Bravura ziturutse mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]]. ubwo buhinzi bw’inkeri butangaje ni uko izo nkeri zitanga zitanga umusaruro nyuma y’iminsi 90 (amezi atatu), kandi zikaba zishobora kumara umwaka zisoromwa inshuro ebyiri buri cyumweru.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Umusaruro-w-inkeri-za-Bravura-zaturutse-mu-Buholandi-watangiye-kugera-ku-isoko</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/inkeri-utubuto-duto-dutukura-cyane/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227194659/https://umutihealth.com/inkeri-utubuto-duto-dutukura-cyane/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Dülmen, Kirchspiel, Erdbeerfeld -- 2015 -- 6492-6.jpg|thumb|umurima w'inkeri.|155x155px]] [[Dosiye:Fragaria Fruit Close-up.jpg|left|thumb]] Inkeri za Bravura Dutangira kuzihinga twari dufite amakenga ko zishobora kwanga ubutaka bwacu, ariko si ko byagenze ahubwo izo nkeri zishimiye ubutaka bwacu, mbese bigaragara ko zizatanga umusaruro kurusha ibindi bihingwa dufite. Ubu tumaze gusarura inshuro eshatu, kandi ntizirera ijana ku ijana, ariko zizera ijana ku ijana, nko kuri ‘Ari’ 25 twaziteyeho, tumaze ibyumweru bibiri dutangiye gusarura ubu tugeze ku mpuzandengo y’ ibiro 60 ku cyumweru. Ku isoko ikilo kiragura 1500 Frw ku barangura, naho ujyana dukeya agura ku 2000Frw. Kandi dufite isoko ryizewe.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:02024 Strawberries.jpg|thumb|inkeri zumutuku|187x187px]] === Ubuhinzi === * Inkeri za Bravura Kuva mu murima, izo nkeri zimara imyaka ibiri zisarurwa, ariko buri mezi atandatu ziruhuka nk’ukwezi,bakongera bagatangira gusoroma. Gusa ikibazo ni ubwikorezi bwazo, umuntu azivana ahantu hamwe azijyana ahandi, kuko hari ubwo zangirika hagapfamo nyinshi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.agakiza.org/Sobanukirwa-akamaro-k-inkeri.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-27 |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227194659/https://www.agakiza.org/Sobanukirwa-akamaro-k-inkeri.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ikibazo rusange kandi nyamukuru ni ukubona imiti iberanye n’uburwayi bw’inkeri kuko bukururwa cyane n’ubuhehere ndetse n’ikigero cy’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere cy’u Rwanda indwara y’Akaribata (Anthracnose) iraturemerera cyane kuko izahaza inkeri cyane cyane mu gihe cy’imvura. Icyumweru kimwe imvura imaze igwa cyane.<ref name=":0" /> * icyo ni ikibazo gikomeye, imiti twateye kuko ari yo dufite ino aha ntiyadufashije, imiti umuhinzi dukorana wo mu Buholandi atubwira twakwifashisha ntayiboneka ino aha”.<ref name=":0" /> * Inyamaswa zituruka muri Gishwati, zibonera inkeri, n’ubwo hari indi mirima y’inkeri, ariko izo nyamaswa zitwa Ingunzu, zibasira cyane izo nkeri zaturutse mu Buholandi, ngo birashoboka ko [[inyamaswa]] na zo zigira ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibiryoshye kurusha ibindi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/inkeri-zafasha-mu-kwirinda-umuvuduko-ukabije-w-amaraso</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 4ygc7aer45ta1swf1patf5dogs2ph8j 0 14415 138852 136113 2026-09-17T13:34:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138852 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus Szarłat wiechowaty 2017-10-15 03.jpg|thumb|Imboga rwatsi|428x428px]] [[Dosiye:Lactuca sativa Great Lakes 0zz.jpg|thumb|Lactuca sativa Great Lakes ]] [[Dosiye:Kropsla herfst.jpg|thumb|'''Kropsla herfst''']] [[Dosiye:Lechuga china o wosun (2).jpg|thumb|'''Lechuga''']] [[Dosiye:Kleinmarkthalle Frankfurt Gemüsestand.jpg|thumb|Imboga zitandukanye]] [[Dosiye:Vegetables in Mumbai.jpg|thumb|Ibitunguru]] [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus1.jpg|left|thumb]] Imboga rwatsi ni mboga zose ziri mu itsinda ry’ibimera byitwa ''Amaranth species'' mu cyongereza, zikaba imboga zirimo amoko agera muri 80. Muri yo harimo izo duhinga, iza kimeza ndetse no mu kinyarwanda amazina aratandukanye. Izo mboga twavuga imbwija nyirizina, dodo, imbogeri, imiriri. Izi mboga kuri ubu ku mafunguro menshi uzisangaho zaba zitetse ukwazo cyangwa zitekanywe n’ibindi byo kurya, Izi mboga ni isoko nziza ya poroteyine, imyunyungugu inyuranye na calcium, potassium, na za vitamini nka vitamini A, C na K. Ibi rero bituma zigirira akamaro kanyuranye ubuzima bwacu.<ref name=":0">https://www.teradignews.rw/menya-akamaro-gakomeye-ko-kurya-imboga-zimbwija/</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ko-kurya-imbwija/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161650/https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ko-kurya-imbwija/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/78157/imboga-rwatsi-ngo-ni-iza-mbere-mu-gutanga-intungamubiri-zita-78157.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/dore-impamvu-ukwiye-kurya-imboga-buri-munsi</ref><ref name=":3">https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/reba-akamaro-gakomeye-utari-uzi-ku-buzima-bwawe-no-ku-ruhu-ko-kurya-imboga-za</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2012/02/kurya-imbuto-nimboga-rwatsi-byatuma.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228085938/https://www.urwego.com/2012/02/kurya-imbuto-nimboga-rwatsi-byatuma.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == akamaro kanyuranye == ==== Imbwija ni isoko ya poroteyine ==== Icyo ni cyo kintu cya mbere wamenya kuri ubu bwoko bw’imboga, kuko ni umwihariko wazo. Poroteyine ni ingenzi mu mikurire yacu, mu ikorwa ry’uturemangingo dushya no mu gusana utwangiritse. Si ibyo gusa kuko poroteyine zinafasha mu mikorere y’umubiri no mu gukora kw’inzungano zinyuranye.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Gusohora uburozi mu mubiri ==== [[Dosiye:Amaranthus polygonoides.jpg|thumb|282x282px|Imboga Rwatsi]] Kimwe na soya, izi mboga zifite muri zo ubushobozi bwo gusohora uburozi mu mubiri bityo bikawurinda kurwara kanseri zinyuranye. Si ibyo gusa kuko binagabanya uric acid bityo bikarinda kurwara indwara zinyuranye zo kubyimba no kuribwa mu ngingo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==== Gukura kw’amagufa ==== Mu mbwija harimo imyunyungugu inyuranye by’umwihariko harimo calcium. Kubona izindi mboga zikize kuri calcium nk’imbwija biragoye. Calcium ifasha mu gutuma amagufa akomera, amenyo agakomera bityo bikakurinda kugaragaza ubusaza burangwa no gukuka amenyo no kumungwa amagufa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ==== Igogorwa ==== Imbwija zikize kuri fibre. Fibre zizwiho gufasha igifu mu mikorere yacyo bityo kikabasha gukamura intungamubiri mu byo twariye. Ikindi cyiza ni uko imbwija nta gasukari na gacye kabamo, bituma ntawe utemerewe kuzirya.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Green Leafy Vegetables.jpg|thumb|imboga]] ==== Umutima n’imiyoboro y’amaraso ==== Ziriya fibre tumaze kuvuga zifasha mu kuringaniza igipimo cya cholesterol mu mubiri hasohorwa imbi. Mu mbwija dusangamo kandi vitamini K ifasha mu mikorere myiza y’umutima dore ko ifasha amaraso kuvura iyo ukomeretse. Potasiyumu irimo nayo ifasha mu kurwanya umuvuduko udasanzwe w’amaraso.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Kwikorera mwibase.jpg|thumb|Imbwija nazo ni ubwoko bw'imboga ]] ==== Kubyimbura imiyoboro y’amaraso ==== Ku bantu bamwe cyane cyane abageze mu zabukuru imitsi yabo cyane cyane iyo ku maguru no ku maboko ihora yareze ndetse inaryana. Mu mbwija rero dusangamo ikinyabutabire cyitwa rutin, kikaba kizwiho guhangana n’icyo kibazo. Ndetse no kuba harimo vitamini C bifasha muri ubu burwayi kuko iyi vitamini ituma hakorwa collagen, ikomeza imitsi y’amaraso.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kureba neza ==== Birazwi ko imboga rwatsi hafi ya zose ari isoko nziza ya vitamini A. Iyi vitamini rero tunayisanga mu mbwija aho iboneka ku gipimo gihagije. Iyi vitamini irinda indwara yo guhuma ikunze gufata abashaje kimwe n’abandi igatuma kureba neza nijoro biba ingorabahizi. Kurya imbwija rero bikosora icyo kibazo bikanarinda abo bitarabaho.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kurinda umwana uri mu nda ==== Imbwija zirimo kandi vitamini B9 izwi ku izina rya folic acid cyangwa folate. Iyi vitamini ni ingenzi ku mugore utwite kuko irinda umwana uri mu nda kuzavukana ubusembwa cyangwa ubumuga.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ==== Kurwanya umubyibuho ==== Kuba izi mboga zirimo poroteyine nyinshi bituma kuzirya mbere y’andi mafunguro bitera igihagisha nuko ukaza kurya bicye bityo ibiro ntibyiyongere ahubwo bikaba byagabanyuka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/dore-impamvu-imboga-zidakwiye-kubura-ku-ifunguro-ryawe</ref> [[Dosiye:Local market sceneries vegetable leaf.jpg|thumb|imboga]] ==== I'''misatsi mizima''' ==== Niba ushaka kugira imisatsi ikomeye kandi isa neza, imbwija ntizikabure ku meza yawe. Zirimo amino acid itaboneka henshi yitwa lysine kandi umubiri ntubasha kuyikorera, tuyikura mu byo turya gusa. Iyi lysine ituma umubiri winjiza calcium nyinshi bigatuma imizi y’imisatsi ikomera. Birinda kandi uruhara rukunze kuzanwa n’abagabo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] cro2hoobwuusy2qfgyw4l9z3p1dc28k 0 14417 138687 115412 2026-09-17T12:22:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138687 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amaranthus polygonoides.jpg|thumb|Dodo|226x226px]] [[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus Szarłat wiechowaty 2017-10-15 03.jpg|left|thumb]] Dodo ni [[Ikimera|ibimera]] byitwa ''Amaranth species'' mu [[Icyongereza|cyongereza]], zikaba [[imboga]] zirimo amoko atandukanye. Muri yo harimo izo duhinga, iza kimeza ndetse no mu kinyarwanda amazina aratandukanye. Izo [[Imboga|mboga]] twavuga imbwija nyirizina, dodo, [[imbogeri]], imiriri. Izi mboga kuri ubu ku mafunguro menshi uzisangaho zaba zitetse ukwazo cyangwa zitekanywe n’ibindi byo kurya, Izi mboga ni isoko nziza ya poroteyine, imyunyungugu inyuranye na calcium, potassium, na za vitamini.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20230228091534/https://www.umucyoradio.com/ubuzima/article/amwe-mu-mafunguro-abantu-batitaho-kandi-afitiye-akamaro-kanini-umubiri</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/dore-impamvu-imboga-zidakwiye-kubura-ku-ifunguro-ryawe</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.teradignews.rw/menya-akamaro-gakomeye-ko-kurya-imboga-zimbwija/</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ko-kurya-imbwija/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161650/https://umutihealth.com/akamaro-ko-kurya-imbwija/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Aho zifasha === * Dodo zifasha abifuza gutakaza ibiro, kuko nta bintu bibyibushya zigiramo.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/reba-akamaro-gakomeye-utari-uzi-ku-buzima-bwawe-no-ku-ruhu-ko-kurya-imboga-za</ref> * [[Dosiye:Saka-saka - pounded and cooked cassava leaves.jpg|thumb|122x122px|Imboga za dodo zitetse]]Dodo zifasha mu kurinda indwara ya kanseri, kuko zikize cyane kuri za ‘antioxydants’ zitwa ‘caroténoïdes’ izo zikaba zirinda utunyangingo tw’umubiri w’umuntu kwangirika, kuko uko kwangirika k’utwo tunyangingo ni byo bishobora gutera kanseri.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/78157/imboga-rwatsi-ngo-ni-iza-mbere-mu-gutanga-intungamubiri-zita-78157.html</ref> * Dodo kandi zifasha amaso kugira ubuzima bwiza, kuko zifitemo za ‘antioxydants’ zitwa ‘lutéine’ na ‘zéaxanthine’ izo zikaba zifitemo ubushobozi bwo gukumira indwara y’ishaza ryo mu maso ndetse no guhuma kw’amaso bizanwa n’izabukuru.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/dore-impamvu-ukwiye-kurya-imboga-buri-munsi</ref>[[Dosiye:Amaranthus cruentus Szarłat wiechowaty 2017-10-15 03.jpg|thumb|Imboga za Dodo.|136x136px]] * [[Dosiye:Green vegetables and vitamins.jpg|thumb|imboga dodo|141x141px]]Dodo zirinda umuntu guhura n’ikibazo cy’imirire mibi, kuko uziriye zimufasha kuzuza indyo ye.<ref>http://igihe.com/amoko-4-y-imboga-zishobora-kurinda-indwara.html</ref> * Dodo ni isoko ya za vitamine zitandukanye, zikigiramo ‘fibres’ ari zo zituma igogora rigenda neza, zigakumira impatwe.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230228091534/https://www.umucyoradio.com/ubuzima/article/amwe-mu-mafunguro-abantu-batitaho-kandi-afitiye-akamaro-kanini-umubiri</ref> zikagabanya ibyago byo gufatwa n’indwara zo mu mara, zikanarinda kanseri y’urura runini.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] 1fded8zjqlfzjbqkw8o0rcdn6gehybn 0 14440 138700 112999 2026-09-17T12:23:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Solanum melongena ja001.jpg|thumb|Kayote]] [[Dosiye:Legoma merkato, Tuluzo.jpg|thumb|koyote irikumwe nizindi mboga kwisoko]] [[Dosiye:Fresh Vegetables for sell.jpg|thumb|imboga zirikumwe na kayote]] [[Dosiye:Aubergine.jpg|thumb|Aubergine]] [[Dosiye:Egg plant or brinjal.jpg|thumb|Egg plant or brinjal]] [[Dosiye:Eggplant 3.jpg|thumb|Kayote]] [[Dosiye:Italian Eggplants On Sale In Fruit and Vegetable Store.jpg|thumb|Kayote ziri gucuruzwa]] '''Kayote''' Ifasha kurinda Kanseri zitandukanye mu mubiri ''':'''Kayote igira ibyo bita apigenin and luteolin bigafsha gusohora imyanda(free radicals) itera Kanseri mu mubiri.Ni isoko ry’imbaraga''':'''Kayote igira Potasiyumu,igira uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma umubiri ugira ingufu.Muri Miligarama 100 za Kayote,habamo Milligarama 125 za Potasiyumu. == Tumenye Imboga za Kayote == Kayote Irinda gusaza vuba ''':''' Kayote ni imboga zigira ibyo bita Flavonoids zifasha umubiri mu guhangana n’ibiwangiza,bityo bigatuma umuntu adasaza vuba ndetse no kurwaragurika.Ivura utubuye two mu mpyiko (Kidney Stones) ''':''' Kayote cyane cyane amababi yazo,akoreshwa mu kuvura utubuye two mu mpyiko.Ibi byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri universite yo muri Amerika bita University of North Florida.Amababi kandi ya Kayoti afasha mu kugabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Biyemeje-kurandura-Bwaki-bahinga-imboga</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://ijwi.rw/2019/01/23/ibyo-uruboga-rwa-kayote-ifasha-kubuzima-bwa-muntu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228195146/http://ijwi.rw/2019/01/23/ibyo-uruboga-rwa-kayote-ifasha-kubuzima-bwa-muntu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ifasha gutakaza ibiro ''':''' Kayote kimwe n’ubundi bwoko bw’ibihaza,ntibigira ibivumbikisho (Calories),urugimbu ndeste n’ibinure.Ni byiza rero niba ushaka kuringaniza ibiro,ko wajya ukunda kwirira Kayote ku mafunguro yawe.Ifasha abagore batwite kubyara abana badafite ubumuga ''':''' Kayote igiramo vitamin bita Folate,iyi rero ifasha kwirema k’uturemangingo tw’urusoro mu nda ku bagore batwite,bityo bigatuma umwana avuka ameze neza.Twababwira ko umugore utwite akenera 23% bya Folate,ari nayo iboneka muri Kayote.Ifasha kugabanya urugimbu mu mitsi y’amaraso (Cholesterol) ''':''' Kayote ntabwo igiramo amavuta,ku bantu rero bafite urugimbu rwinshi ndetse n’abashaka kwirinda urugimbu rwinshi,ni byiza gukoresha Kayote.<ref name=":1" /> == Ibindi wamenya kuri Kayote == [[Dosiye:Solanum melongena 26 08 2012 (2).JPG|thumb|232x232px]] Kayote Irinda Impatwe (Constipation) ''':''' Kayote igiramo ibyo bita Fibers bifasha igogorwa ry’ibiryo kugenda neza.Bityo bigatuma wirinda impatwe,kujya ku musarani bikagenda neza.Igabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso ''':''' Kurya Kayote bigabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso.Ibi byemejwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri universite yitwa Purdue University muri [[Amerika]].Irinda indwara z’umutima ''':''' <ref name=":0" />Kayote zigira amavitamini y’ingenzi mu gukora neza k’umubiri, nkuko urubuga healthbenefits dukesha iyi nkuru ruvuga ko imwe muri ayo mavitamini ni C, Ikaba ifasha mu gusukura umubiri bigatuma bikurinda indwara zitandukanye zibasira umutima.Irinda kubura amaraso (Anemia) ''':''' Kubura Vitamini B12 na Fer bituma umuntu abura amaraso, Kayote rero ikungahaye kuri ibyo bintu bibiri, kuyikoresha rero ni byiza ku bantu bafite ikibazo cy’amaraso make. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] 1krkk65jze0z9iplmgm4btbaifrm3rn 0 14464 138629 91842 2026-09-17T12:08:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Azakorishaka Jean Damascene''' ni umunyamakuru wabigize umwuga mu biganiro by’ imikino na siporo. Azakorishaka Jean Damascene yakoreye radio zitandukanye mu mikino n’imyidagaduro na siporo nka Radio Isango star, Azakorishaka Jean Damascene akaba yaratangiriye kuri radio ya kaminuza nkuru y'u rwanda i butare kuri radio Salus mu kigani cy'imikino na siporo. ubu Azakorishaka Jean Damascene  ashinzwe itangazamakuru muri kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe gugenzura ibyi gutwara abantu n'ibintu, RURA. Azakorishaka Jean Damascene ni umukinnyi uri mu ikipe y’abanyamakuru b’imikino mu Rwanda (AJSPOR FC).<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/abanyamakuru-ba-siporo-biyemeje-gushyigikira-imibanire-myiza-y-abanyarwanda-n</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/media-freedom-cup-irahatanirwa-n-ikipe-y-abayobozi-bakuru-b-igihugu-ndetse-n</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/Abanyamakuru-b-imikino-batangiye-imyitozo-ikaze-bitegura-Abarundi</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] 9o7kjoqojkwuy4gl4o3nc6xxdxnwvnp 0 14481 138616 134177 2026-09-17T12:07:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kayitankore Dieudonnée''' uzwi nka '''Dodos'''  ni umunyamakuru w’umwuga  wa siporo wagiye akora ku ishami rya sipro nko kuri Radio zitandukanye nka Radio City Radio ndetse na RadioTV1. Kayitankore Dieudonnée uzwi nka Dodos yavukiye ibirundi nyuma az agutahuka nyuma ya genocide, aho yaje kwiga itanganazamakuru kuri kaminuza nkuru y'itangazamakuru ICK riri i muhanga mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]]. Kayitankore Dieudonnée uzwi nka Dodos yagiye aherekeza ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira wa maguru yu Rwanda [[Amavubi|Amavubu]] ya bagabo, ndetse na n'amakipe ya ma club, aho yabaga yasohotse hanze yigihugu, yagiye gukina. Kayitankore Dieudonnée uzwi nka Dodos ni mu bakimyi bagize mu ikipe y’abanyamakuru b’imikino mu Rwanda (AJSPOR FC).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/knc-yirukanye-abakozi-8-bakoreraga-radio-tv-1-harimo-abanyamakuru-batatu-bimikino-bari-bakunzwe-na-benshi-mu-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301042346/https://yegob.rw/knc-yirukanye-abakozi-8-bakoreraga-radio-tv-1-harimo-abanyamakuru-batatu-bimikino-bari-bakunzwe-na-benshi-mu-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/abanyamakuru-b-imikino-mu-mukino-utoroshye-n-abayobozi-b-igihugu</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandatribune.com/tv1-ya-knc-yongeye-kwirukana-abanyamakuru-biganjemo-aba-siporo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301042341/https://rwandatribune.com/tv1-ya-knc-yongeye-kwirukana-abanyamakuru-biganjemo-aba-siporo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://imirasiretv.com/dore-bitunguranye-abanyamakuru-birukanwe-muri-tv1-harimo-nabashobora-kuyijyana-mu-nkiko-uko-babyise/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/media-freedom-cup-irahatanirwa-n-ikipe-y-abayobozi-bakuru-b-igihugu-ndetse-</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/ibibazo-uruhuri-bikomeje-gutuma-tv1-isezerera-bamwe-mu-banyamakuru-bayo/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/53079/perfect-weekendadodos-kayitankore</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://amizero.rw/tv1-ya-knc-yongeye-kwirukana-abanyamakuru-batatu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301042342/https://amizero.rw/tv1-ya-knc-yongeye-kwirukana-abanyamakuru-batatu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/Abanyamakuru-b-imikino-batangiye-imyitozo-ikaze-bitegura-Abarundi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] kaett7xjnqa3jmzqq9rtng3em3xs0f2 0 14484 138722 114860 2026-09-17T12:26:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imanishimwe Samuel''' uzwi nka Sammy, yavutse 10 nzeri 1989 i [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y’Amajyepfo]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktradio.rw/2018/08/24/samuel-imanishimwe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301045332/https://www.ktradio.rw/2018/08/24/samuel-imanishimwe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/mot/sammy-imanishimwe</ref> === Umunyamakuru wa siporo === Imanishimwe Samuel yatangiye umwuga w’itangazamakuru mu mwaka wa 2009 kuri Radio Salus,  ubwo yigaga muri  [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]]. muri 2011 yerekeza kuri Radio ya Huye/RBA Huye.  mu mwaka wa 2013 yari umunyamakuru wa Kigali Today nk’umwanditsi w’inkuru z’imikino na siporo, na Radio KT Sports  nku munyamakuru mu kiganiro cy’imikino.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/abo-tuyisenge-jacques-na-mashami-vincent-batoye-muri-fifa-the-best-award#</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/author/sammy-imanishimwe/</ref> === FIFA === [[Dosiye:FIFA Logo (2010).svg|thumb]] Imanishimwe Samuel ni umunyamakuru  FIFA yifafisha wo mu Rwanda mugotora  umukinnyi witwaye neza ku isi  mu gihembo cya Ballon d’or gitangwa na France Football yo mu  [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], aho buri gihugu gihagararirwa n’umunyamakuru umwe.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/fr/media/41502</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] otnfn6bnxs3kmy828cpuuy9idljlytl 0 14488 138701 127898 2026-09-17T12:23:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cyamwenshi Arthur''' ni umunyarwanda w’umunyamupira na siporo akaba Komite muri Nyobozi y[[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|’ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] ari nka Komiseri ushinzwe Iyamamazabikorwa no gushaka Abaterankunga bo mu ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda ([[FERWAFA]]).<ref>http://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nizeyimana-olivier-na-we-yatanze-kandidatire-ye-muri-ferwafa?var_mode=calcul</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/abakandida-babiri-ni-bo-bemejwe-ku-mwanya-wa-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/olivier-mugabo-nizeyimana-is-the-new-ferwafa-president/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-yatorewe-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-ni-we-utorewe-kuba-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nizeyimana-olivier-na-we-yatanze-kandidatire-ye-muri-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/nizeyimana-olivier-uherutse-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ferwafa-mu-myaka-ine-iri-imbere-yakoze-ihererekanyabubasha-na-komite-nyobozi-icyuye-igihe/</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nizeyimana-olivier-urusha-abandi-amahirwe-yatanze-kandidatire-yo-kuyobora</ref><ref>http://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nizeyimana-olivier-wiyamamaje-wenyine-yatorewe-kuyobora-ferwafa-amafoto</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/106981/nizeyimana-olivier-atorewe-kuyobora-ferwafa-muri-manda-yimyaka-4-106981.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/04/amavubi-agiye-kubona-umufatanyabikorwa-uzayambika/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301055234/https://umuseke.rw/2022/04/amavubi-agiye-kubona-umufatanyabikorwa-uzayambika/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] a2kt3yfzt4hj2ba2tur5fx6j308lu0t 0 14494 138723 122293 2026-09-17T12:26:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gakuba Abdul Jabar Romario'''. Ni umunyamakuru wa siporo  mu Rwanda, uvuga akandika kandi agasoma neza indimi 5, harimo  ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda, [[icyongereza]], [[igifaransa]],igiswayire ndetse n’ikigande. Gakuba yagiye kwiga [[Uganda]] agarutse asanga umuryngo we wose warapfuye muri Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994, yasigaye wanyine ni umugabo ufite umuryango ugizwe n’umugoe n’abana bane.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umuyoboro.rw/index.php/2019/04/18/yagiye-kwiga-muri-uganda-asanga-umuryango-we-barawishe/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301062410/https://umuyoboro.rw/index.php/2019/04/18/yagiye-kwiga-muri-uganda-asanga-umuryango-we-barawishe/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://allafrica.com/stories/202204140344.html</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.rwandamag.com/abanyamakuru-10-bakomeye-mu-rwanda-badafite-ikipe-bafana-hagati-ya-apr-fc-rayon-sports/</ref><ref name=":3">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/68392/abanyamakuru-b-imikino-basuye-mugenzi-wabo-wagizwe-imfubyi-n-68392.html</ref><ref name=":4">https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/mu-mafoto-na-video-ibyaranze-umukino-as-kigali-na-mukura-vs-zasangiriyemo-inota</ref> === Muri Siporo === Gakuba Abdul Jabar Romario agaragara cyane muri siporo kuko ni umunyamakuru kuri televiziyo mpuzamahanga AZAM TV yerekana shapiyona yu mupira w’amaguru mu [[Rwanda]]. Gakuba yakoze kuri radio zitandukanye avuga siporo nko kuri Radio Contact FM, nyuma aza kujya kuri Radio City FM nku munyamakuri wa siporo no kuri Voice of Africa, nyuma abona akazi kuri television ya AZAM TV muri 2015 avayo ajya kuri Radio Isango Star. Romario ni umufana w’ikipe ya [[Mukura Victory Sports]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] g2wvqbbn2p757ywkghuwoh10ecx4psn 0 14496 138749 137022 2026-09-17T12:34:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bagirishya Jean de Dieu''' azwi kumazina ya '''Jado Castar''' ni umunyamakuru, umutoza wa siporo muri Volley Ball, umuyobozi mu ishyirahamwe ry'umukino w’amaboko mu [[Rwanda]] aho ari umuyobozi w’ungirije wa Volley Ball (FRVB) ndetse akaba ari rwiyemezamirimo nkaho yashinze insakazamajwi yitwa '''B&B FM Umwezi''' <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/jado-castar-yagabanyirijwe-ibihano</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/article/umunyamakuru-bagirishya-jado-castar-yafunguwe</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/jado-castar-wari-uherutse-gukatirwa-yafunguwe/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/urubanza-rwubujurire-rwa-jado-castar-rwongeye-gusubikwa/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/jado-castar-uherutse-gukatirwa-imyaka-2-yigifungo-yafashe-gahunda-nshya/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubutabera/article/jado-castar-yajuririye-igifungo-cy-imyaka-2-yahawe</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/imikino-58634853</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwandatribune.com/jado-castar-nyuma-yo-kuva-muri-gereza-avuze-ikintu-gikomeye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301065538/https://rwandatribune.com/jado-castar-nyuma-yo-kuva-muri-gereza-avuze-ikintu-gikomeye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Muri siporo === Jado Castar yatoje amkipe atandukanye nka Kirehe Volley Ball Club aho yari umutoza mukuru, akaba yari avuye muri Gisagara Volley Ball Club aho yarii umutoza w’ungirije wayo. Jado castar yabaye umunyamakuru w’imikono kuva muri 2005 kuri radiyo zitandukanya nka radio Salus, RadioTv10 na B&B FM Umwezi ariho ubu.<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/umwe-mu-banyamakuru-ba-radio-tv10-yagizwe-umutoza-wa-kirehe-vc/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/tag/jado-castar/</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/jado-castar-yafunguwe</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ijwi-rya-jado-castar-nyuma-y-amezi-hafi-10-ryongeye-kumvikana-kuri-radio-asaba-imbabazi-umukuru-w-igihugu-akomoza-ku-rukundo-yeretswe-amafoto</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/volleyball-federations-jado-castar-sentence-reduced-to-eight-months/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301065539/https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/volleyball-federations-jado-castar-sentence-reduced-to-eight-months/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bwiza.com/?Umunyamakuru-Jado-Castar-yafunguwe</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/155364/Sports/gisagara-eye-to-seal-treble-with-carre-daas-title</ref><ref>https://indorerwamo.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-bimikino-jado-castar-na-bayingana-david-ntibakiri-kuri-radio-na-tv-10/</ref><ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/jado-castar-yafunguwe</ref> [[Dosiye:Sport_balls.svg|thumb|Sport balls]] [[Dosiye:All_sports_drawing.svg|thumb|All sports drawing]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umutoza]] afi2m64npr22prg6fly7z55wnppbm5n 0 14503 138804 136912 2026-09-17T12:59:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138804 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Butoyi Jean''' ni umunyarwanda w’umunyamakuru w’imikino ukorera  ikinyamakuru cy’igihugu cya RBA. Butoyi ni umuyobozi w’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamakuru mu Rwanda (AJSPOR). Butoyi ni umunjyanama muri komite olepike mu Rwanda akaba n’umufana wa arsenal yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]].<ref>http://isimbi.rw/siporo/abakinnyi-2-b-ibihe-byose-k-umunyamakuru-butoyi-jean-umukino-w-amateka-yogeje-wahuriranye-n-umunsi-yibarutse-imfura</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80608/jean-butoyi-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ishyirahamwe-ry-abany-80608.html</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/uwari-uyoboye-amavubi-muri-cameroon-yahakanye-yivuye-inyuma-ibyo-gusuzugura</ref> === Igitego yogeje === Butoyi Jean yogeje imikino itandukanye yamakipe ndetse n’imikino y’ikipe y’igihugu amavubi, nk’igikombe cya CECAFA Kagame Cup [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] yakuye Zanzibar, umukino wajyanye Amavubi muri CAN 2004 ni we wogeje igitego cya Jimmy Gatete. Yogeje umukino wabaye tariki ya 6 Nyakanga 2003 wo u [[Rwanda]] rwatsinzemo [[Gana|Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://integonews.com/uwari-uhagarariye-abanyamakuru-mu-nteko-rusange-ya-komite-olympic-yaratutswe-ngo-ziba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301072911/https://integonews.com/uwari-uhagarariye-abanyamakuru-mu-nteko-rusange-ya-komite-olympic-yaratutswe-ngo-ziba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202105100104.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/Abanyamakuru-b-imikino-batangiye-imyitozo-ikaze-bitegura-Abarundi</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] 2ib4q4pap2z9tapd9yhnmv5h6ejdv41 0 14517 138724 91910 2026-09-17T12:26:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Murangwa Usenga Sandrine''' ni umutegarugori w’umunyarwanda akaba umusifuzi wo ku ruhande muri shampiyona m’umupira w’amaguru muri Cyiciro cya Mbere mu [[Rwanda Tribune|Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/65833/</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.teradignews.rw/fifa-yatangaje-abasifuzi-babanyarwanda-bemerewe-gusifura-imikino-mpuzamahanga-2018/</ref><ref name=":4">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/61374/ishimwe-claude-niyonkuru-na-karangwa-bongewe-ku-rutonde-rw-abasifuzi-fifa-izakoresha-mu-mwaka-wa-201-61374.html</ref><ref name=":5">http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/abasifuzi-17-b-abanyarwanda-nibo-bazasifura-imikino-ya-fifa-umwaka-wa-2020</ref> === Ibyo yize anakoze === Murangwa Usenga Sandrine yize mu ishuri rikuru rya kaminuza ya K.I.E yiga uburezi n’asiporo. Murangwa akiri mu mashuri abanza yakina imikino jyarugamba, nyuma aza guhindura akina umupira w’amaguru n’amaboko ari mumashuri y’isumbuye. Yabaye umwarimu wa siporo muri gym kuri Hotel Alpha Palace muri 2009. Usenga kandi ni umutoza ngororamubiri kuri Stade Amahoro.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> === Mu gusifura === Murangwa Usenga Sandrine ''' '''ni umusifuzi w’ imikino mpuzamahanga itegurwa na FIFA muri 2015 mu mupira w’amaguru ku isi, Abasifuzi bo ku mpande b’abagore .kandi yonjyeye kuza kuri urwo rutonde muri 2018, nanone kandi yagaragaye kuri urwo rutonde muri 2020.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umusifuzi muri Siporo]] 7phvu15fbmpt50jwoi7zdovicxfcc70 0 14527 138842 137781 2026-09-17T13:33:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NUWAMANYA Amon Bernard ''' yavutse mwaka w’1994 yavukiye muri [[Uganda]] akurira mu [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|karere ka Nyagatare]] , [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|mu Ntara y’Uburasirazuba]] ni umunyamakuru w'imikino na [[siporo]] wa bigize umwuga. NUWAMANYA Amon yakoze kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye haba ibyandika ndetse na radiyo, twavuga ikigo cy'itangazamakuru cyitwa Authentic Radio, nyuma akorera ikigo cy'itangazamakuru Radio Nkoramutima ndetse na KT Radio,  yakomeje akazi k’itangazamakuru mu bitangazamaku byandika Kigali Today nka KT Press, Kigali Today na Muck Rack, aha hose yavugaga aka andika inkuru za siporo. NUWAMANYA Amon abarizwa mu ishyirahamwe rya banyamakuru ba siporo AJSPOR. NUWAMANYA Amon ni umufana w’ikipe ya  Manchester United yo mu gihugu cyu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]] ku mugabane wi [[burayi]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/author/amonn/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/mot/amon-b-nuwamanya</ref><ref>https://muckrack.com/amon-nuwamanya#</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktradio.rw/members/amon-bernard-nuwamanya/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301122738/https://www.ktradio.rw/members/amon-bernard-nuwamanya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 6oyun6uckq45hady0wuhfleef09z4rb 0 14534 138654 133993 2026-09-17T12:13:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NDIZERA Ange''' NDIZERA Ange is a Rwandan professional sports journalist. NDIZERA Ange has worked in different media houses. He started his career at Energy Radio FM, and he continued to work as a sports journalist at Isango Star radio and Isango TV, where he use to cover sports news. NDIZERA Ange is a member of the sports journalists association AJSPOR. NDIZERA Ange is a fan of Manchester United. Moreover, He is a Bachelor holder in civil engineering and master in transportation science.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/abanyamakuru-ba-sports-mu-rwanda-byabanze-mu-nda-bagaragaza-amarangamutima-y</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80608/jean-butoyi-yongeye-gutorerwa-kuyobora-ishyirahamwe-ry-abany-80608.html</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamag.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>https://amarebe.com/abanyamakuru-bakomeye-ba-siporo-bo-mu-rwanda-beruye-bagaragaza-amakipe-bafana/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301010950/https://yegob.rw/ngaba-abanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bihebeye-mu-bwongereza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] dpdk4vxv1esu9q79uv0euo6493qshwt 0 14565 138805 138026 2026-09-17T12:59:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138805 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Equipe du Burkina Faso.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] '''Ruhango WVC''' ni ikipe ya Ruhango WVC y’abagore ni ni ikipe ishingiye ku [[Akarere ka Ruhango|karere ka ruhang]]<nowiki/>o mu  [[Rwanda]], iyi kipe y’abagore ikina imikino ya maboko ya volleyball muri shampiyona yigihugu nandi marushanwa ategurwa na [[FRVB]], federasiyo y’umukino wa maboko mu Rwanda..<ref>https://rushyashya.net/reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-begukanye-igikombe-cyirushanwa-ryubutwari-2023-mu-mukino-wa-volleyball/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-begukanye-igikombe-cyirushanwa-ryubutwari-2023-mu-mukino-wa-volleyball</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230324195030/https://sportnewsafrica.com/breve/volleyball-apr-vc-et-reg-vc-gagnent-la-coupe-des-heros/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/reg-vc-na-apr-vc-zegukanye-irushanwa-ry-abasora-neza-muri-volleyball</ref> == Amarushanwa == Ruhango WVC yatwaye umwanya 4 mu irushanwa y’ igikombe cya shampiyona y’abagore mu volleyball ya 2022 na 2023, yitabiriye kandi Igikombe Cy’irushanwa Ry’ubutwari 2023, irongera yitabira mugikombe mu [[Irushanwa ry'Abasora neza|Irushanwa ry’Abasora neza]] muri Volleyball, ndetse yanitabiriye amarushwa atandukanye yohanze yigihugu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-apr-y-abagore-yegukanye-shampiyona-reg-vc-yiyongerera-amahirwe</ref><ref>https://isimbi.rw/siporo/article/reg-vc-yegukanye-igikombe-cya-shampiyona-igitwariye-kuri-apr-vc</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=13323&fbclid=IwAR17itxI3z-5UZ_CEDqqk7aXjPi8fyxODlAbGFExkkEcZNPK6ahFuApg2bs |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302110203/https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=13323&fbclid=IwAR17itxI3z-5UZ_CEDqqk7aXjPi8fyxODlAbGFExkkEcZNPK6ahFuApg2bs |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230302073626/https://magazine.mkuit.ac.rw/apr-wvc-and-reg-vc-win-rwanda-national-heroes-day-volleyball-tournament/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] obhzoq46kb5kxd97nf8tp13ae5lw4tx 0 14593 138610 127903 2026-09-17T12:06:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Es mutunda wfc''' (Ecole Mutunda Women Football Club)  ni ikipe y’umupira wa maguru wa babigize umwuga. Ni [[ikipe]] igaragaramo [[Umugore|abagore]] n’[[Umugore|abakobwa]] mugukina shampiyona y’igihugu I tegurwa na [[FERWAFA]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] ndetse n’[[Igikombe cy’Amahoro|igikombe cy’amahoro]] cy’igihugu cyu Rwanda. Es mutunda wfc ikina mu shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere cyu mu mupira w’amaguru mu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Umugore|bagore]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80372/amafoto-80372.html</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/amavubi-y-abagore-yitegura-drc-akomeje-umwiherero-amafoto</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/144119/latest%20news/as-kigali-retains-rwanda-women-football-league-title/amp</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/04/rwanda-womens-team-begins-preps-ahead-of-cecafa-women-challenge-cup/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/02/as-kigali-yabagore-ishobora-guterwa-mpaga-ya-kabiri/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302165914/https://umuseke.rw/2023/02/as-kigali-yabagore-ishobora-guterwa-mpaga-ya-kabiri/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/02/as-kigali-yabagore-yatewe-mpaga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302165914/https://umuseke.rw/2023/02/as-kigali-yabagore-yatewe-mpaga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/nyirahafashimana-yafashije-scandivia-wfc-kunyagira-inyemera-amafoto</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/amavubi-yageze-muri-senegal-aho-yitegura-gukina-umunsi-wa-kabiri-wa-afcon2023-reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-zegukanye-gmt-2022-ibyaranze-impera-zicyumweru-muri-siporo/</ref><ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/amavubi-yitegura-imikino-ya-cecafa-yatangiye-imyiteguro/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/dore-uko-amakipe-ya-tomboranye-mu-gikombe-cyaamahoro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302165915/https://menyanibi.rw/dore-uko-amakipe-ya-tomboranye-mu-gikombe-cyaamahoro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/rayon-sports-yatomboye-as-kigali-mu-gihe-apr-fc-ishobora-kuzoroherwa-n?pr=125920&lang=en</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?ferwafa-yashyizeho-amategeko-agenga-amatora-ya-yo-ishyiraho-na-komite-y-039-akanama-k-039-ubujurire</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe ya bagore]] asfm17iauja505o2eslvkgw7y93pefb 0 14604 138638 115816 2026-09-17T12:11:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138638 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dracaena sp. - inflorescence (10201101173).jpg|thumb|Umuhati|309x309px]] [[Dosiye:Dracaena sp. in fruit (10201101203).jpg|thumb|Umuhati|226x226px]] [[Dosiye:Brombeerlätter Rubus caesius stack32 20190819-RM-8191922.jpg|thumb|umuhati]] [[Dosiye:Dracaena deremensis 1zz.jpg|thumb|318x318px|Umuhati]] '''Umuhati''' ni [[igiti]] kigera kuri m 15 z'uburebure, umubyimba wa cm 25-35 z'umurambararo ufite amashami menshi mu bushori shori, hamwe n'inkovu z'amababi zigaragara mu gihe gihagaze cyonyine. amababi ya cyo arabyibushye kandi ni manini , amababi agaragara cyane icyatsi kibisi cyaka iyo amurutseho izuba, cyanga akagaragara nkama babi yi rose, imeze nkinkota, ifashe kugeza kuri cm 130 zu burebure ndetse na cm 16 z'ubugari. Umuhati ugaragara neza iyo utondeka neza, indabyo nyinshi kugeza kuri cm 100 z'uburebure na cm 70-150 z'ubugari. indabyo za grenish z'umuhati yera kugeza kuri cm 1.5 z'uburebure imbuto imbuto zijimye zigera kuri cm 1,5 kugeza kuri 2 z'uburebure na 1.5. kugeza kuri cm 3 z'ubugari.<ref>https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=110</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/ibimera-byifashishwa-mu-buvuzi-gakondo-biri-mu-marembera</ref><ref>https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=110</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 4nvdjowi7emtlvxxrxfiqzvij9p4281 0 14619 138725 122962 2026-09-17T12:26:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138725 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Adenium obesum, Conservatoire botanique national de Brest 06.jpg|thumb|Nyiramabumba]] [[Dosiye:Autumn leaf (Doleschallia bisaltide) Bali I.jpg|thumb|nyiramabumba|229x229px]] [[Dosiye:Double Petal Flower Side Front Adenium Obesum Graft Apr22 D72 23135-151 ZS Pr.jpg|thumb|232x232px|Nyiramabumba]] '''Nyiramabumba''' iba mu misozi na mashyamba ku butumburuke bwa metero 1600 kugeza kuri metero 2600. Nyiramabumba ni ikimera aho kumutwe kiba kimeze nki ngofero, ni igiti cy'ubaka kuva kuva kubuhagarike bwa cm 10-15 z'uburebure, amababi asimburana yuma haza andi kandi ashimishije, kuva hejuru ya cm 2-15 z'uburebure ku bice bibiri. Nyiramabumba nti byoroshye gukoraho kuko iraryana ( Irababana ) igira utubabi twinshi duto duto cyane, kuzunguruka hejuru kandi gacikamo koroshye .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=192 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529054513/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=192 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=192 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529054513/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=192 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lavierebelle.org/index-noms-kinyarwanda-noms-286?lang=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2024-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503103734/https://lavierebelle.org/index-noms-kinyarwanda-noms-286?lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] l52c3led5x9sz0las7ng21h0a61xket 0 14676 138726 104529 2026-09-17T12:26:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138726 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa Kivu uhererereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]]. Ni umwe mu mirenge igize [[akarere ka Nyaruguru]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gitifu-n-abagoronome-batatu-bafunzwe-bakekwaho-kunyereza-imbuto-n-ifumbire</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 851o3zi7xb8c1c6suil5w9lp4fuenik 0 14695 138688 127999 2026-09-17T12:22:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138688 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Huye City University building.jpg|thumb|ishuri ry’Indatwa n’Inkesha]] [[Dosiye:Sports Day - Parents' Volleyball.jpg|thumb|Kayumba Emmanuel]] [[Dosiye:Paris Volley - Tourcoing Lille Métropole Volley-Ball, Championnat de France - 6 octobre 2020 - 36.jpg|thumb|Kayumba]] '''Kayumba Emmanuel''' yapfuye 2009, yari padiri akaba yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w’ishuri ry’Indatwa n’Inkesha, murwunge rw’amashuri rwa Butare (Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare) akaba yarashyigikiye umukino wa volleyball mu bahungu na bakobwa, haba imbere muri iri shuri ndetse no mu gihugu muri rusange. Memorial Kayumba ni irushwanwa rya tangiye 2010 mu mukino wa Volleyball, ni irushanwa riba ku nshuro yaryo ya 13 ndetse rikaba ngaruka mwaka. Mu 2022 iri rushanwa ryegukanwe na APR VC mu [[Umugabo|bagabo]] na RRA WVC mu [[Umugore|bagore]]. muri 2023 irushanwa rya Memorial Kayumba, ryatwawe n'amakipe ya Polisi y’Igihugu akina Icyiciro cya Mbere muri Volleyball, [[Forefront VC]] mu bagabo , na Forefront WVC n’[[Umugore|abagore]]. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/5471/sports/volleyball/in-memory-of-kayumba-exploring-late-fathers-volleyball-legacy</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/5530/sports/volleyball/forefront-crowned-memorial-kayumba-tournament-champions</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/memorialkayumba2023-reg-na-forefront-ku-munsi-wa-mbere</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202203080223.html</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/reg-vc-na-rra-mu-makipe-akina-%C2%BD-cya-memorial-kayumba-2023</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/03/volleyball-forefront-na-gs-mugombwa-zegukanye-memorial-kayumba/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-06 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306151535/https://umuseke.rw/2023/03/volleyball-forefront-na-gs-mugombwa-zegukanye-memorial-kayumba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-apr-na-rra-zatwaye-ibikombe-bya-memorial-kayumba-imikino-yarebwe-na-minisitiri-munyangaju</ref><ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/?page=recherche&recherche=%20Memorial%20Kayumba</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115198/amafoto-yaranze-tournoi-memorial-kayumba-2022-yitabiriwe-na-minisitiri-munyangaju-mimosa-115198.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] p5saekfqlpvrs7sycldsbaaiynn94sw 0 14701 138736 136793 2026-09-17T12:32:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138736 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bâtiment du ministère de la santé du à Kigali au Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Inyubako ikoreramo minisiteri y'ubuzima.]] == Minisiteri y'ubuzima == Minisiteri y’Ubuzima mu mwaka wa 2019 yasabye abafite amavuriro n’abavura badafite ibyangombwa guhagarika ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi kuko bigira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abaturage; ndetse banasaba gutangira inzira yo kubishaka ku nzego zibishinzwe. [[Dosiye:Coiled_Life_Cycle.png|thumb|umuzenguruko w'ubuzima ]] == Ibyo wamenya kuri gahunda == [[Dosiye:A One Medical clinic in Bethesda, Maryland 01.jpg|thumb|Clinic zigomba kwubahiriza amabwiriza ya ministeri yubuziama]] Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yasabaga abafite amavuriro yigenga ko bagomba guhora bubahiriza amategeko n’amabwiriza yashyizeho cyane cyane itegeko N° 10/98 rigenga umwuga w’ubuvuzi n’iteka rya Minisitiri Nº20/39 of 29/01/2016 rigena ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi bigomba gutangwa kuri buri rwego rw’ivuriro.<ref name=":0">https://www.moh.gov.rw/news-detail/minisiteri-yubuzima-irasaba-abafite-amavuriro-yigenga-akora-ku-buryo-butemewe-namategeko-kubihagarika</ref>Nkuko byagaragaye mu igenzura risanzwe rikorwa mu mavuriro yigenga; u mwaka wa 2019 Minisiteri y’Ubuzima ifatanyije n’ikigo gishinzwe iperereza (RIB) mu igenzura yari iheruka gukora muri uko kwezi kwa Mata mu mwaka wa 2019 ryari rigamije kureba ko ayo mavuriro n’abayakoramo bafite ibyangombwa bisabwa na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima kandi bubahiriza amategeko agenga amavuriro yigenga n’agenga abakora ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi, hagaragaye amavuriro menshi atujuje ibyangombwa.Mu turere twa Nyarugenge, Gasabo na Kicukiro hagaragayemo amavuriro 15 atujuje ibisabwa kandi iki gikorwa kiracyakomeza. Ayo mavuriro yafunzwe kandi ba nyirayo bagiye gukurikiranwa n'amategeko.<ref name=":0" />Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yasabye inzego zose cyane cyane inzego z’ibanze kugira uruhare mu kugenzura ko hari amavuriro yigenga akomeza gukora atujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko,basaba kuyagaragaza agafatirwa ibihano biteganywa n'amategeko ahana ushyira ubuzima bw'abanyarwanda mu kaga.Minisiteri y’Ubuzima irasaba abafite amavuriro n'abayakoreramo batujuje ibyangombwa kwegera inzego zibishinzwe kugira ngo bahabwe ibyangombwa bituma bakora mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko niba bujuje ibisabwa.Minisiteri y’Ubuzima irakomeza kwizeza abanyarwanda ko ikomeye ku ntego yo kubungabunga ubuzima bwabo. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] rhwpjgqmirw2ysqlu7xorwfc1nt89sx 0 14708 138905 100278 2026-09-17T21:17:25Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138905 wikitext text/x-wiki Bore ni umunyungugu umubiri ukenera atari mwinshi ariko ukaba ufatiye runini umubiri wacu. Uyu munyu ni ingenzi mu mikurire, uzwiho gufasha [[Umugore|abagore]] batangiye gucura, ndetse unafasha mu guhangana na za rubagimpande. Akamaro kawo ni kanini kandi karatandukanye nkuko tugiye kubibona. [[File:Boron.jpg| umunyungugu wa bore]] == Akamaro kayo ku buzima == === Kurinda indwara z’imitsi === Bore ni umuti uvura indwara zo kuribwa mu ngingo kandi ku kigero cya 95%. Iki ni ikigero kinini cyane kuko ituma umubiri ubasha gukoresha neza Calcium yinjiye. Iyo umuntu atangiye gusaza, amagufa atangira gucika intege no gusaza. Kongera mu byo kurya ibikungahaye kuri bore bituma amagufa asubirana ingufu kuko calcium iriyongera. Si aho gusa kuko na kwa kuribwa no kubyimba mu ngingo uyu munyu ubikiza. [[Dosiye:Sodium borate 2.JPG|thumb|Umunyu ngugu]] === Kubaka umubiri === Uyu munyu utuma igipimo cya testosterone ku bagabo kizamuka, testosterone niyo ituma abagabo bazana za pinya, niyo mpamvu ku bifuza kubaka umubiri aho gukoresha ibinini bya testosterone cyangwa kwitera inshinge ziyongera, ahubwo warya ibikungahaye kuri uyu munyungugu. === Ifasha mu buzima bw’amagufa === Akenshi duha agaciro calcium mu gukomeza amagufa ariko burya siyo gusa kuko na bore irakora. Ifatanya na calcium mu gukomeza amagufa, ndetse igafasha umubiri kwinjiza imyunyungugu ifasha amagufa nka magnesium, calcium n’umuringa. Si ibyo gusa kuko inatuma imikorere ya estrogen na testosterone iba myiza kandi iyi misemburo igira uruhare mu buzima bw’amagufa. === Ikorwa rya estrogen === Umusemburo wa estrogen ugenda ugabanuka uko umugore akura kugeza acuze. Ku bagore bacuze Bore ituma igipimo cya estrogen kizamuka bityo bagakomeza kuryoherwa no gukora imibonano dore ko estrogen ifasha kugira ubushake. Rero aho gukoresha imiti ya kizungu warya ibikungahaye kuri bore. [[Dosiye:Borax-150039.jpg|thumb|Uruhare rw'umunyu ngugu]] === Gukura k’umwana uri mu nda === Bore ni ingenzi mu myororokere no mu mikurire y’urusoro. === Kurinda ingaruka zo gucura === Ibimenyetso byo gucura birangwa no kubira ibyuya byinshi nijoro, kumva uri gushya mu mubiri imbere. Ibi byose hamwe n’ibindi uyu munyu ngugu urabikiza. === Kuvura kanseri === Uyu munyu ngugu ukoreshwa mu ikorwa rya enzymes zikomeye zifasha umubiri guhangana na [[kanseri]]. Ndetse utuma umubiri usohora imyanda ishobora gutera kanseri mu mubiri. === Kurinda amaraso kwipfundika === Nubwo ubushakashatsi bugikorwa ariko buri kugaragaza ko igira uruhare mu mitemberere myiza y’amaraso. Ibi rero byafasha mu guhangana n’indwara z’umutima. Kugabanya cholesterol mbi mu mubiri Uyu munyu ngugu nubwo uboneka mu bintu birimo amavuta ariko ufasha umubiri guhangana na cholesterol mbi bityo bigafasha mu kurinda indwara zinyuranye z’umutima. === Kugabanya indwara ziterwa n’imiyege === Izwiho gufasha umubiri guhangana na mikorobi zo mu bwoko bw’imiyege nka Candida albicans itera ubugendakanwa. === Imikorere myiza y’ubwonko === Ubushakashatsi bwa vuba bwerekanye ko Bore ifasha mu mikorere y’ubwonko, imihurire y’amaso n’ amaboko, kwibuka ibya vuba no gutekereza neza. == Aho wayisanga == Uyu munyu ngugu uboneka mu byo kurya binyuranye. Mu mbuto twavuga pome, amacunga (amaronji), na [[avoka]] ari nayo iyifite ku bwinshi. Mu bindi twavuga amashaza (amajeri), ibishyimbo, inyanya, ubunyobwa, ibitunguru. Ndetse no mu nzoga ibonekamo cyane cyane inzoga za gakondo nk’urwagwa.<ref>https://umutihealth.com/bore-umunyu-ngugu</ref> == Reba == lrkokui0lmtg4jsz0dwpb83x2d7lnab 0 14724 138639 133358 2026-09-17T12:11:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138639 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Match de VolleyBall.jpg|thumb|IPRC WVC]] '''IPRC WVC''' (Integrated Polytechnic Regional College women Volleyball Club) ni ikipe ya [[Umugore|bagore]] yegamiye yashizwe na IPRC, ikaba ikina imikino ya maboko ya volleyball itegurwa '''[[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]]''' mu [[Rwanda]] (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation, [[FRVB]]). yitabiriye amarushanwa atandukanye nka : <ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/apr-wvc-na-gisgara-vc-zegukanye-agace-ka-mbere-ka-shampiyona</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thedrum.rw/2022/06/06/gmt-reg-vc-yihimuye-kuri-gisagara-vc-rra-bikomeje-kwanga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307153209/https://thedrum.rw/2022/06/06/gmt-reg-vc-yihimuye-kuri-gisagara-vc-rra-bikomeje-kwanga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/gisagara-vc-ikomeje-kuyobora-irushanwa-rya-volleyball-ryitiriwe-forzza-kvc-iryikuramo</ref><ref>https://radiotv10.rw/gisagara-vc-yatsinze-reg-vc-yegukana-igice-cya-mbere-cya-forzza-volleyball-tournament-2021/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/dore-ubukwe-10-bwabakinnyi-babanyarwanda-bwabaye-mu-2021 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307153153/https://www.thechoicelive.com/dore-ubukwe-10-bwabakinnyi-babanyarwanda-bwabaye-mu-2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Shampiyona y’[[Umugore|abagore]] mu volleyball. <ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/reg-vc-na-apr-wvc-yegukanye-agace-ka-gatatu-ka-shampiyona-ya-volleyball-amafoto</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/01/apr-women-volleyball-club-crowned-national-league-champions/</ref> * yitabiriye kandi Igikombe Cy’irushanwa Ry’ubutwari 2023, <ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/gisagara-vc-na-apr-zegukanye-ibikombe-intsinzi-ya-reg-na-rra-ntiyagira-icyo-izimarira-amafoto</ref> * irongera yitabira [[Irushanwa ry'Abasora neza|Irushanwa ry’Abasora neza]] muri Volleyball.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/amakipe-azitabira-irushanwa-ry-umusoreshwa-yamaze-kumenya-uko-agabanyije-mu-matsinda</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/126552/hamenyekanye-amakipe-azitabira-irushanwa-ryo-kwibuka-kayumba-emmanuel-126552.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] 6fnk82kgq14lagn4nkp5hidm7nlz5an 0 14739 138916 126996 2026-09-17T21:24:18Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138916 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Prostitute tj.jpg|thumb|Umukobwa ukora umwuga w'uburaya.]] '''<big>Ibiyobyabwenge nuburaya</big>''' byanditswe kubera ko bifitanye isano itaziguye. Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge byakunze guhanura uburaya mu ndaya zo mu rwego rwo hasi bifitanye isano cyane cyane n’ubukungu bukenewe. Indaya zo murwego rwo hasi zikunda kugira depression, cyane cyane heroine, nkibiyobyabwenge cyo guhitamo. Uburaya bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bwerekanye ko uburaya buteganya gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge hamwe n’ibitera imbaraga kuba ibiyobyabwenge. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 1994 mu ndaya zo mu majyepfo ya Londres bwerekanye isano iri hagati y’imyitwarire y’imibonano mpuzabitsina, ubukana bwo guterwa, no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bya heroine, inzoga, na (ku rugero ruto) kokayine. Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge Hindura Ku bijyanye n'indaya zo mu muhanda, ibigereranyo bigaragaza ko hagati ya 40 na 85 ku ijana by'indaya zose zo mu muhanda zikoresha ibintu. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kuvura ibiyobyabwenge bikoreshwa mu Bwongereza, bwagaragaje ko 95% by'abagore bagize uruhare mu buraya bwo mu muhanda mu Bwongereza ari heroine cyangwa abakoresha kokayine. [3] Icyakora, amashyirahamwe nk’icyongereza cy’itsinda ry’indaya avuga ko iyo mibare "itizewe nk’ibarurishamibare ry’igihugu", [4] ivuga ko yaturutse "mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2004 bw’abagore 71, babonanye binyuze mu mushinga wo kwegera i Bristol [.. .] bari bafite intege nke cyane ", [5] kandi ko" nta mibare yizewe iherutse gukorwa mu rwego rwo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge mu bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina "[6] mu Bwongereza. Indaya zavuze ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge zari zatangiye gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye hakiri kare (imyaka 16.2). Kubera ubwo bunararibonye bwambere nibiyobyabwenge, aba bantu bakunze gutangira gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina hakiri kare mubuzima bwabo. Impuzandengo yimyaka kubantu bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina hamwe no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge yari muto amezi atanu ugereranije nabatagize ikibazo cyibiyobyabwenge (imyaka 19 namezi 2, aho kuba 19 ans amezi 7). [7] Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bifitanye isano no gutembera hanze, bikubiyemo kuzenguruka umuhanda ushakisha abakiriya, hamwe no gutwara ibinyabiziga bisobanura uburaya buva kuri terefone bwite cyangwa amazu asatuye. 84% by'abo bakozi, bakora muri uyu murenge, bagaragaje ibibazo bijyanye no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, ugereranije na 13%, bakora mu kigo cy’abaherekeza bajyana mu ngo, nka sauna, salle ya massage, igorofa cyangwa ikigo cya Escort. [7] Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'ikigo gishinzwe ibibazo bishingiye kuri polisi kibitangaza, mu bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina barengeje imyaka 25 bafite uburambe mu gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, abarenga 70% bafashe urumogi, amphetamine, kokayine, kokayine na heroine. Byongeye kandi, ku bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina bafite hagati y’imyaka 16 na 19 banywa ibiyobyabwenge, abarenga 70% muri bo bahuye n’urumogi, kokayine, na kokayine. [[Dosiye:Diazepam, strips 10 mg (Valium).jpg|thumb|Diazepam]] [[Dosiye:West Midlands Police Museum (13212970553).jpg|thumb|Pethidine]] Indaya zikoresha kandi ibiyobyabwenge bihindura ibitekerezo nka alcool, PCP, na LSD; usibye imiti ya psychoactique nka diazepam na Pethidine. Abashakashatsi basanze guhitamo ibiyobyabwenge ari ingenzi ku ndaya mu gukora imirimo ifatika cyangwa igaragara. Kubijyanye na heroine, irashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza ubuzima banga, kuko byongera abantu ubushobozi bwo guhangana nihungabana ryamarangamutima. Kokayine n’ibindi bitera imbaraga na byo byavuzwe ko byongera icyizere cy’abagenda mu muhanda ubushobozi bwo kuvugana n’abatazi, kandi bikemerera abo bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina gukomeza ingufu zabo. Byongeye kandi, i New York guhamagarira abakobwa banywa inzoga mu rwego rwo kwirinda ibitutsi, haba ku mubiri ndetse no ku mutima. Byongeye kandi, ibiyobyabwenge bimwe na bimwe, nka MDMA, bizwiho kongera ingaruka ku mibonano mpuzabitsina. Umuntu wifuza kongera uburambe bwimibonano mpuzabitsina ashobora kwitabaza ibiyobyabwenge kugirango yongere kwihangana, kongera ibyiyumvo, no kongera igihe cyo guhura. Kurwego rwumuhanda, pimps akenshi ikoresha ibiyobyabwenge kugirango igenzure indaya. Pimps nyinshi nazo zicuruza ibiyobyabwenge kandi zikurura kandi zikurura abagore ibiyobyabwenge byubusa hamwe nisezerano ryubuzima buzamuka. Pimps igamije gutuma abo bagore banywa ibiyobyabwenge, kandi akenshi byibasira abafite ibyago byinshi byo kwizizirwa. [[Umugore|Abagore]] bibasiwe murubu buryo barashobora kugira ibibazo byamafaranga cyangwa amarangamutima, bakomoka mumiryango idakora neza, cyangwa bafite ibiyobyabwenge. Nibamara kwizizirwa, bazakomeza gushaka ibiyobyabwenge kuri pimp, hanyuma azamenyesha umukobwa ko adashobora gukomeza gutera inkunga ibiyobyabwenge byabo nta ndishyi. Kubera ibiyobyabwenge, umuntu azagerageza gushaka uburyo bwo gutera inkunga no guhaza ibyo batunzwe, kandi akenshi usanga kwishingikiriza kwabo kubangamira imanza zabo, bigatuma abo bantu bakunze kwibasirwa nabakora imibonano mpuzabitsina, bityo rero ko ibiyobyabwenge bikomeza kuba imbata za Uwiteka. inganda. Byongeye kandi, nubwo bamwe mu bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina batangira akazi bitewe n’ibiyobyabwenge, abantu bamwe bahindukirira uburaya nyuma y’ibiyobyabwenge byangije ubuzima bwabo, bakabasigira ubundi buryo buke bwo kwibeshaho ukundi. Ibintu bifitanye isano nintege nke Hindura Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kandi busubizwa n’indaya z’abagabo, abasore bakiri bato bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu gihe bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu muhanda hamwe n’umukiriya bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa. Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge muburaya ni byinshi cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe hamwe nindaya 200 zo mumuhanda kumenya igihe indaya zibanza kwishora mubiyobyabwenge. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko 55% by’amasomo bavuze ko babaye ibiyobyabwenge mbere yuko baba indaya, 30% bavuga ko babaye imbata nyuma yo kuba indaya, naho 15% bakabaswe icyarimwe bahinduka indaya. [12] Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje kandi ko imiryango y’abagore yakunze kunywa inzoga n’ibiyobyabwenge mu buzima bwabo bwose. Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge birashobora kuyobora umuntu muburaya nuburaya birashobora gutuma umuntu akoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Indaya zikoresha ibiyobyabwenge byinshi bitandukanye kugirango bibafashe gukemura ibibazo byabo. Marijuana ikoreshwa mu gufasha kuruhuka, heroine ikoreshwa mu gufasha kwihanganira amarangamutima no ku mubiri, naho kokayine n’ibindi bitera imbaraga bikoreshwa mu kongera ingufu n’icyizere, bityo bakaba bashobora kuzana abakiriya benshi. [8] Iyo indaya zikoresha ibiyobyabwenge, akenshi ziba imbata kandi zigomba gukomeza gukora uburaya kugirango zikomeze gutera inkunga ibiyobyabwenge. Hariho ibintu bimwe bisanzwe hagati yindaya zifite uruhare mukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Niba bakunze gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, niba banduye virusi itera [[SIDA]] cyangwa bafite izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, niba bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe cyangwa baherutse kwivuza mu mutwe niba badafite aho baba, cyangwa niba barahohotewe ku mubiri no mu mibonano mpuzabitsina muri bakuze birashoboka cyane ko bahura n'ikibazo cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Abakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bafite ibibazo byinshi byo mumutwe bafite igipimo kinini cyo gusangira inshinge nabandi bantu, igipimo cyo hasi cyo gukoresha agakingirizo, kuryamana nabafatanyabikorwa benshi, gucuruza imibonano mpuzabitsina, no kuryamana n’umukoresha utera inshinge. Kwiheba bifitanye isano no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n'uburaya. Hariho kandi ibintu byo gufata imitego: gutera ikintu icyo aricyo cyose mumubiri wabo, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bikomeye nka kokayine cyangwa methamphetamine, kwitabira gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mugihe utarageza ku myaka y'ubukure, gukorera hanze cyangwa ahantu henshi, kandi ufite ukwemera. Izi ngingo "umutego" umuntu mubuzima arimo, cyane cyane iyo ibintu byinshi bibagizeho ingaruka, bikabagora cyane guhunga ibibazo byabo. Abantu bibasirwa cyane n’uburaya ni abiboneye ibyo bintu. Uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire bukoreshwa Hindura Wige byinshi Iki gice gishingiye ahanini cyangwa rwose ku isoko imwe. (Nzeri 2021) Ubuvuzi bwimyitwarire bufasha abarwayi guhindura imyumvire yabo nimyitwarire yabo ijyanye no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Kurugero, abarwayi bagomba kumenya ingaruka zikomeye zibiyobyabwenge nyuma yubuvuzi. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura imyitwarire bugomba kandi gufasha abarwayi kwiyubakira ingeso nziza nubuzima, kuko kubayobora no kubigisha nabyo ni ikintu cyingenzi mu kuvura imyitwarire. Ikirenzeho, kugirango bivure neza imyitwarire, ni ngombwa kubihuza n'imiti ikwiye. Nkuko kuvura imyitwarire bikiza abarwayi mumutwe, mugihe imiti ikiza abarwayi kumubiri. Biterwa hagati yabo kandi bigomba gukoreshwa icyarimwe abarwayi. == Indangamurongo == https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs_and_prostitution#cite_note-14 m677z8nllt4vlour6yxxzuk60m8tyom 0 14892 138630 115791 2026-09-17T12:10:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138630 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inguru2.jpg|thumb|Indwara ya Rouget du porc.|265x265px]] [[Dosiye:Ingurube nibyana byayo.jpg|thumb|Ingurube|270x270px]] [[Dosiye:Erysipeloid skin rashes in Familial Mediterranean Fever.jpg|thumb|indwara]] Itangazo ryasohowe na RICA kuri taliki ya 7 Werurwe 2023 rigaragaza ko imirenge ya Muko, Kimonyi, Muhoza, Rwaza na Busogo, rikavuga ko mu rwego rwo kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’iyi ndwara hirindwa ingaruka zishobora guterwa no kurya inyama zanduye. == Tumenye Indwara ya Rouget du porc == Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’ubuziranenge, ihiganwa mu bucuruzi no kurengera umuguzi, RICA, rwahagaritse ibikorwa byo kubaga, gucuruza no kugura inyama z’ingurube ziturutse mu mirenge itanu y’Akarere ka Musanze, kubera indwara yibasiye ayo matungo.RICA ihagaritse ibi bikorwa mu gihe mu minsi ishize Ikigo gishinzwe Iterambere ry’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi, RAB, cyari yaburiye abaturage bo muri aka karere kwitondera kurya inyama z’ingurube bijyanye n’iyo ndwara ya ‘Rouget du porc’ yari yagaragaye mu Murenge wa Muko.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/article/rica-yahagaritse-icuruzwa-ry-inyama-z-ingurube-mu-mirenge-y-akarere-ka-musanze</ref>RAB ivuga ko iterwa n’agakoko ko mu bwoko bwa bagiteri (bacteria) kitwa erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.Ivuga ko ingurube yafashwe na yo igira umuriro mwinshi uri hagati ya 41,1C – 42,8C, igacika intege, ikagira ibibara bitukura ku ruhu, igahumeka nabi, amatwi akirabura, ikanga kurya no kunywa amazi, ikabyimba mu ngingo bikajyana no kunanirwa no kugenda.Iki kigo kivuga kandi ko ibyo byose bikurikirwa no gupfa kw’iryo tungo ndetse ngo iyo ryishwe n’iyo ndwara riratabwa aho kuribwa.Mu mpera za Gashyantare 2023 iyi ndwara yahitanye ingurube nkuru zisaga 45 ndetse n’ibyana byazo bisaga 210 mu Karere ka Musanze. == ibindi wamenya == Itangazo rya RAB ryo ku wa Gatatu tariki 22 Gashyantare 2023 rivuga ko ingendo z’ingurube, kubaga no gucuruza inyama zazo bibujijwe mu mirenge ya Muko, Kimonyi, Muhoza, Rwaza na Busogo mu Karere ka Musanze,kuko barwaje Ruje y’ingurube(Rouget du Porc).RAB yibukije kandi aborozi b’ingurube bose mu Gihugu kugenzura ibimenyetso by’iyo ndwara, kugira ngo iyafatwa bahite babimenyesha inzego zibishinzwe hakiri kare.RAB isaba abantu gushyira mu kato ingurube zafashwe n’izikekwaho ubwandu bwa Rouget du Porc, kwisukura no gusukura neza ingurube n’ibiraro byazo haterwamo imiti yabugenewe yica udukoko hakurikijwe inama bagiriwe n’abaganga b’amatungo.Umuntu wese ubonye ingurube irwaye asabwa kubimenyesha byihuse umuganga w’amatungo cyangwa umukozi ushinzwe ubworozi umwegereye, kugira ngo iyo ngurube yitabweho kandi hanafatwe ibizamini bya Laboratwari.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubworozi/article/rab-yageneye-ubutumwa-aborozi-b-ingurube-zibasiwe-n-indwara</ref>RAB isaba inzego z’ibanze n’abaganga b’amatungo hose mu Gihugu gukangurira aborozi gushyira mu bikorwa izi ngamba, mu rwego rwo kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’indwara ya Ruje y’ingurube.RAB ikomeza isaba aborozi b’ingurube kwirinda kuzizerereza ku gasozi, kwirinda kurya inyama z’itungo ryipfushije, gukingiza ingurube indwara zirimo iya Ruje y’ingurube, ndetse no gushyira amatungo mu bwishingizi. == Ibimenyetso by'Indwara ya Rouget du porc == Ibi bimenyetso birimo kuba ingurube yarwaye Ruje ihinda umuriro mwinshi ushobora kurenga dogere Celcius 42⁰C, gucika intege, kugira ibibara bitukura ku ruhu, guhumeka nabi, n’amatwi akirabura.Ingurube yafashwe n’iyo ndwara kandi inanirwa kurya no kunywa, ikabyimba mu ngingo, ikananirwa kugenda (igacumbagira), akenshi ibyo byose bikayiviramo gupfa.Ingurube yafashwe n’indwara ya Ruje igaragaza umunaniro, kutarya, gutukura amatwi ndetse no ku bindi bice by’uruhu, igahumeka nabi ndetse ikanabyimba mu ngingo.Ruje ngo n’indwara ahanini iterwa no kutita ku ngurube no kutazigirira isuku mu biraro, bityo agakoko kayitera kakabona aho kinjirira.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/aborozi-b-ingurube-biruhukije-nyuma-yo-kubona-urukingo-rwa-rouget-du-porc</ref>ubusanzwe indwara ya Ruje y’ingurube ivurwa igakira, ariko uko yakomezaga kuza mu matungo byagaragaye ko igenda yihinduranya ku buryo imiti ihari itari ikiyivura neza.Umuyobozi asaba aborozi gushyira ubworozi bwabo ku mutima bakabwitaho, bagakurikiza inama z’abavuzi b’amatungo cyane ku kwita ku isuku no kuyavura neza bativuriye ubwabo.Ati “Bakore ibintu bashoboye, bige uko bikorwa neza kandi babishyireho umutima, bareke guterera iyo. Leta nayo irashyira imbaraga mu bushakashatsi kugira ngo ibafashe ku ndwara no ku miti, twese dufatanye umusaruro uboneke”.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Amatungo]] itrfmvytngguju0d7m2oio7d87u0gy1 0 14916 138902 113923 2026-09-17T21:15:31Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138902 wikitext text/x-wiki = Mu ikatwa ry’imipaka y’u Rwanda, ubwo igice kinini cyarwo cyomekwaga ku mahanga = [[Dosiye:Map of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Ikarita y’ Rwanda|381x381px]] Mu makuru acicikana hirya no hino mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari cyane cyane mu Rwanda no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, harimo ihohoterwa ry’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda aho bakomeje gushushubikanywa ngo basubire iwabo mu Rwanda. Biragoye gusobanukirwa neza iby’iki kibazo udahereye ku ishyirwaho ry’imipaka ubwo Abanyaburayi bigabizaga Afurika mu myaka hafi 130 ishize. Amateka y’impitabihe ku Rwanda adutekerereza ko Ruganzu Ndoli ari we washyizeho bwa mbere imipaka igabanya u Rwanda n’ibindi bihugu byo mu Burengerazuba, ahasaga mu 1510. Mu gitero Ruganzu Ndoli yagabye mu Bunyabungo, ni cyo cyashyizeho imipaka ya mbere y’u Rwanda, aho yakataje aza kugera ku ruzi rugabanya Kivu y’Epfo na Walikare, ku mugezi uzwi nka Rua Rwanda na magingo aya. Kugeza ku ndunduro y’ibitero byo kwagura igihugu, abami bose bateye mu Bunyabungo barimo na Rwabugili, nta n’umwe wigeze arenga uwo mupaka washyizweho na Ndoli ngo ajye hakurya y’urwo ruzi. Kigeli Rwabugili yatanze u Rwanda rufite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 168.606. Mu nama y’i Berlin ubwo Afurika yacibwagamo imipaka, [[Abadage]], Abongereza n’Ababiligi, ni bo baherereye muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Abadage bahita barema icyo bise “Afurika Ndage y’Iburasirazuba” yari igizwe n’u Rwanda, Urundi na Tanganyika. Ababiligi bo bafashe ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, naho mu Majyaruguru y’u Rwanda hari Abongereza bakoronije Uganda na Kenya. Nubwo ibihugu by’i Burayi byigabanyije ibyo muri Afurika bikanashyiraho imipaka uko bibyumva kuko nta yari ihari, ibihugu byakolonije ibice bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’ibyo byasigaranye ihurizo ryo kugena imiterere y’imipaka yabyo. [[Dosiye:1951 population map Atlas General du Congo 624.jpg|thumb|Ikarita igaragaza imbibi z'igihugu nkuko bigaragara ku ikarita y'icyahoze ari Kongo Mbiligi.]] Ku wa 14 Gicurasi 1910, ni bwo hateranye inama mu Bubiligi, igamije gukemura ikibazo cyari kimaze igihe cy’Ababiligi bashakaga kongera ubutaka bw’aho bahawe. Iyo nama yari irimo Ababiligi bakolonizaga Congo, Abadage bakolonizaga u Rwanda, Urundi na Tanganyika ndetse na Uganda na Kenya byakolonizwaga n’Abongereza. Nyuma y’iyo nama ni bwo guhera mu 1910 kugeza mu 1912, bashyizeho imipaka igabanya u Rwanda n’ibindi bihugu by’ibituranyi, icyo gihe ni bwo bitwaje icyo bise imbibi karemano zirimo [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|Ibirunga]], Akanyaru, Akagera n’Ikiyaga cya Kivu, nuko bakatakata ubutaka bw’u Rwanda rusigara ari buto cyane. Igice kimwe cy’ubutaka bwarwo bacyometse kuri Congo (hagiye ubuso bwa kilometero kare 124. 553) harimo Kivu y’Epfo na Kivu ya Ruguru. Ikindi gice kingana na kilometero kare 17.715 cyometswe kuri Uganda. Ibice byose u Rwanda rwatwawe byari bigize 5/6 by’uko rwanganaga mbere. Kuva icyo gihe, u Rwanda rwasigaranye ubutaka buto buri ku buso bwa kilometero kare 26.338. Abadage bari bagabanyirije ubutaka bwa koloni zabo, ntibigeze babigiraho ikibazo cyane kuko icyo bashakaga ni ibihugu bazabasha guteza imbere mu gihe cyose bazabikoloniza. Iyo ni yo nkomoko y’Abanyarwanda batuye mu bihugu by’ibituranyi bakatiweho imipaka n’abakoloni bakaba bakomeje kugaraguzwa agati nk’aho ubutaka babirukanaho atari gakondo yahanzwe n’abakurambere babo. == Indangamurongo == https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/akagambane-mu-ikatwa-ry-imipaka-y-u-rwanda-ubwo-igice-kinini-cyarwo-cyomekwaga 5zkmiuvmp8g2vum77kg87ufizelj175 0 14920 138689 111622 2026-09-17T12:22:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Family Planning Talk at Umunogodo Community.jpg|thumb|Abaturage bari kuganirizwa kuri gahunda yo kuboneza urubyaro.|142x142px]] [[Dosiye:Before The Dawn..... 03.jpg|thumb|148x148px|Umuryango urimo amakimbirane]] Ukuriye inama y’igihugu y’abagore mu Murenge wa Kibeho mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, avuga ko mu bibangamiye abagore b’i Kibeho harimo ubukene n’ubujiji, kutaboneza urubyaro n’amakimbirane mu ngo. [[Dosiye:KIBEHO_NATURES.jpg|thumb|KIBEHO shapere |144x144px]] == Ibyo Wamenya == I Kibeho hari abagore benshi usanga batarageze mu ishuri, ubujiji bugatuma batabasha gukorana n’ibigo by’imari kugira ngo babashe kwikura mu bukene.”Ikindi ngo n’ubwo nta bushakashatsi yabikozeho, yasanze hari abagore bataboneza urubyaro, ugasanga barabyaye abana barindwi, umunani icyenda. Ibi kandi ngo bituma iterambere ry’umuryango risubura inyuma.Ikindi, ingo zimwe na zimwe zigiye zifite amakimbirane, bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bagore no ku muryango muri rusange.”Ku bijyanye no kutaboneza urubyaro, ahanini ngo bigaragara ku bagore bo mu miryango ikennye cyane, ihabwa ubufasha bwo kurinda abana kugwingira.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kibeho-abagore-baracyabangamiwe-n-ubukene-kutaboneza-urubyaro-n-amakimbirane-mu-ngo</ref>Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’ubujiji butuma abagore batabasha kwikura mu bukene, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Nyaruguru wungirije ushinzwe ubukungu,avuga ko bagenda babegera bakabashishikariza kwibumbira mu bimina, ariko ko hari n’imiryango itari iya Leta ibubakira ubushobozi ikanabatera inkunga. == Gahunda yo guha amafaranga Ababyaye == [[Dosiye:Icyaro kiwacu.jpg|thumb|Umuryango|140x140px]] [[Dosiye:A family love.jpg|thumb|212x212px|Umuryango ubanye mumahoro ntamakimbirane]] Hari gahunda yaje yo guha amafaranga ababyaye, byatumye n’abari baritabiriye kuboneza urubyaro babireka. Yewe hari n’abadatuma umwana abanza kuzuza imyaka n’ibiri, kugira ngo bakomeze kubona utwo dufaranga. Njyewe mbona ari utwo dufaranga twabashituye. Umugore wo mu giturage utarigeze atunga ifaranga yumvise ngo azajya abona ibihumbi 20, yumva ari amafaranga menshi.ukuriye inama y’igihugu y’abagore mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, avuga ko ifu n’amafaranga bihabwa ababyeyi b’amikoro makeya batwite, kugeza umwana afite imyaka ibiri ari ibyo gufasha kurinda abana igwingira, ariko ko ababyeyi bakwiye kuzirikana ko nyuma y’imyaka ibiri nta bundi bufasha bazahabwa.<ref name=":0" />Avuga ko n’umubyeyi uzi ubwenge igihe barimo barayamuha yakaguze nk’itungo, rizamufasha kurera wa mwana mu gihe cya gikoma n’amafaranga bizaba bitakiboneka. Rwose ababyeyi bazirikane ko ibihumbi 21 mu gihembwe bitangana no kuzita ku mwana nyuma y’imyaka ibiri.”Naho abagabo bahohotera abagore bo abasaba kuzirikana ko imbaraga z’umugore zifite uruhare runini mu myumbakire y’urugo.Ati “Wa mugabo we jya uzirikana ko ubwiza bw’umugore wawe ari agaciro kawe. Umugabo ushaka kugira agaciro mu ruhame rw’abandi bagabo akwiye guha agaciro umugore we n’abana be.”Asaba n’abagore kubanira neza abagabo babo, ariko babona byanze bakisunga ubuyobozi bubegereye kugira ngo ejo batazahasiga ubuzima. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] ic7xdxudecju1610xekb0x0p81vuaa9 0 14962 138896 98897 2026-09-17T21:12:04Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Menya byinshi ku kamaro k’imigano inaribwa''' Umushinga wo kubungabunga Icyogogo cy’Umugezi w’Umuvumba mu Karere ka Gicumbi (Green Gicumbi) urimo gutera imigano y’ubwoko bushya bushobora kuribwa, mu kibaya cya Mulindi no mu mikoki ku misozi ihanamiye icyo kibaya. [[Dosiye:Bamboo Forest, Gochangupseong Fortress, South Korea (2).jpg|thumb|Imigano iraribwa, yubaka inzu, ikorwamo ibikoresho byo mu nzu n Imigano iraribwa, yubaka inzu, ikorwamo ibikoresho byo mu nzu]] [[File:Indian thorny bamboo (Bambusa bambos) in the Singapore Botanic Gardens.jpg|thumb|Indian thorny bamboo (Bambusa bambos) in the Singapore Botanic Gardens]] n’ibindi Umuyobozi w’Umushinga Green Gicumbi, Kagenza Jean Marie Vianney, uvuga ko izo ngemwe z’imigano zingana n’ibihumbi 100 nizimara guterwa hazakorwa n’izindi pepinyeri, ku buryo nta gace uwo mushinga ukoreramo kazasigara katabungabunzwe. Ati “Umusaruro w’ishyamba ry’imigano ushobora gukuba inshuro hafi enye cyangwa eshanu uw’ishyamba ry’ibindi biti bisanzwe. Dukeneye abantu batwigiraho tukabasanga cyangwa bakatugana, turagira ngo abikorera bagire uruhare mu kurwanya isuri ariko banashaka ibicanwa n’ibindi bikoresho bikenerwa (biva mu migano)”. Kagenza avuga ko n’ubwo Umushinga wa “Green Gicumbi” utazarenga imbago z’imirenge icyenda yo mu Karere ka Gicumbi, isomo bazakuramo ngo rizatanga icyerekezo cy’uburyo utundi duce tw’Igihugu dushobora kubungabungwa. Abakozi b’Umushinga Green Gicumbi bavuga ko mu myaka nk’itanu iri imbere n’ubwo umugezi w’Umuvumba wazaba atari urubogobogo cyane, ibishanga by’utugezi twose twisukamo ngo byazaba bitagitemberamo imyuzure cyangwa isuri. [[File:Bambo South Toe River Celo Camp NC 4249 (26172072529).jpg|thumb|Bambo South Toe River Celo Camp NC 4249 (26172072529)]] Green Gicumbi yateye imigano ishobora no kuribwa Green Gicumbi yateye imigano ishobora no kuribwa Na none ku nkombe z’imigezi nka Nyabarongo, Nyabugogo n’Akanyaru, cyangwa ku nkengero za Pariki y’Ibirunga n’ahandi, hatewe imigano muri gahunda yo gukumira isuri gutembera mu mazi no gufasha abaturage kubona ibikenerwa hafi batangije ibidukikije. Umushinga ’Green Gicumbi’ wo uvuga ko wateye imigano iribwa yo mu bwoko bwitwa Bambusa Textilis hamwe na Bambusa Polymorpha, kugira ngo ufashe abaturage kongera amahirwe y’ibyo imigano ishobora gukoreshwa. '''Imigano ivamo amafunguro atandukanye''' Uwitwa Mico Oscar Nzeyimana ufite ikigo cyitwa Mon Bamboo mu Karere ka [[Rubavu]], avuga ko ashobora gutegura imigano ikavamo divayi yo kunywa cyangwa ibyo kurya nka Salades, ifiriti, makaroni cyangwa inyama zo kurisha andi mafunguro. Nzeyimana ntabwo ashobora guteka imigano gusa kuko muri iki gihe ahugiye mu kuyikoramo intebe n’ameza, kandi ngo ntabasha guhaza isoko ry’abakeneye ibikoresho bikozwe mu migano. Uwo mugabo avuga ko hari ubwo akora intebe mu migano imwe akayigurisha amafaranga ibihumbi 100, kandi bukajya kwira arangije kuyikora. [[Igare]] ry Igare ry’imigano, no mu Rwanda barayakora Avuga ko intebe ihenze iba yamutwaye ibikoresho bitarenza amafaranga ibihumbi 20, icyakora akayimaraho umwanya munini utangana nk’uwo gukora intebe isanzwe. Mico Nzeyimana yagize ati "Nk’ubu hari komande dufite y’umuntu ushaka intebe 200 zo kwicaraho mu bukwe zifite agaciro ka miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi 500 bitarenze tariki 04 Ukwezi gutaha, namubwiye ko hari abandi bamutanze, abakozi ni bake, abakiriya bashaka ibintu dukora bakabibura". Nzeyimana yashinze ishuri ry’abantu 30 yigisha gukora ibintu bitandukanye mu migano, akaba azabahugura mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mbere y’uko na bo batekereza gushinga inganda zabo. Yungamo ko imigano ishobora kubera umuntu ibyo kurya n’ibikoresho hafi ya byose akenera mu buzima bwe. Yize gukoresha imigano mu gihugu cy’u Bushinwa aho bayikuramo amafunguro, bakayubakisha inzu, bakayicaraho nk’intebe, bakayiryamaho ari ibitanda, bakayigendaho nk’igare cyangwa imodoka, bakanayikoramo ibikoresho bitandukanye byo mu rugo. Imigano nk’ibicanwa bitangiza ikirere kandi bironderezwa Imigano yavamo briquettes zisimbura icanwa ry Imigano yavamo briquettes zisimbura icanwa ry’ibiti n’amakara Abashoramari b’uruganda rwitwa OAK Investment Ltd rukorera i Mageragere mu Karere ka Nyarugenge ibicanwa byitwa ‘briquettes’ mu ibarizo, bavuga ko imigano ibasha kuvamo ibyo bicanwa bidateza imyotsi kandi bironderezwa. Uwitwa Nyirambarushimana Illuminée utegurira amafunguro abakozi b’uruganda OAK Investment, yabwiye Itangazamakuru ko akoresha ‘briquette’ igurwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda 125 agateka ibishyimbo, byashya agashyiraho umuceri ndetse n’amazi y’icyayi cyangwa yo koga, nyamara aramutse acana amakara akaba yakoresha amafaranga atari munsi ya 600Frw. Umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa by’uruganda OAK Investment, Germain Hirwa avuga ko barimo kwitegura gufatanya n’inzego zibishinzwe gukangurira abaturage guhinga imigano, kugira ngo haboneke iyavamo ’briquettes’ zisimbura icanwa ry’amashyamba. Imigano ivamo imodoka Imigano ivamo imodoka Hirwa yagize ati “Twagerageje imigano turayitunganya ibasha kuvamo ‘briquettes’, ariko no mu Bushinwa barabikora, ikigiye gukurikiraho ni uko tuzavugana n’inzego zibishinzwe zidufashe ubukangurambaga, imigano yaba imari ishyushye, umuntu yajya ayihinga abizi neza ko uruganda OAK Investment ruzajya ruyigura”. Hirwa avuga ko hari amashyamba bazasaba Leta gucunga, yaba ay’ibiti bisanzwe cyangwa ay’imigano, kugira ngo bahore bayongera ariko bashohora no kuyabyaza umusaruro. == Indangamurongo == https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/menya-byinshi-ku-kamaro-k-imigano-inaribwa tnhvq75a7iir5pexajg3tutfbi09av2 0 15351 138640 122027 2026-09-17T12:11:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138640 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Musanze Gorilla naming monument 2.jpg|thumb|muri Musanze]] Ni urutonde rwakozwe n’Ikinyamakuru Time Magazine cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za [[Amerika]] gisanzwe gitegura ahantu h’umwihariko abantu bashobora gusura buri mwaka bijyanye n’umwihariko haba harusha ahandi . == Ibyo wamenya kuri Musanze == [[Dosiye:Musanze's_Volcano_(46355800961).jpg|thumb|Musanze's Volcano ]] [[Akarere ka Musanze]] katowe mu hantu 50 heza ku Isi ba mukerarugendo baturutse imihanda bagomba gusura mu mwaka 2023 bijyanye n’umwihariko w’iki gice cyo mu majyaruguru y’u [[Rwanda]], wo kwita ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima by’umwihariko ingagi zo mu Birunga zisigariye hake ku Isi.Ni urutonde ruje rukurikira urwo iki gitangazamakuru na none cyakoze mu mwaka 2022 aho nabwo cyari cyashyize u [[Rwanda]] mu bihugu 50 bifite umwihariko byari bikwiriye gusurwa muri uwo mwaka, ibyari byabanjirijwe n’Ikinyamakuru Forbes nacyo cyari cyarushyize ku mwanya wa karindwi mu hantu nyaburanga hagombaga gusurwa mu mwaka 2021.Kuri iyi nshuro mu gutoranya aha hantu nyaburanga byagizwemo uruhare n’abagera kuri 22 barimo abanditsi bakuru b’iki kinyamakuru, abashakashatsi mu bumenyi bw’isi, abahanga mu mashusho n’inzobere mu [[Dosiye:Mountain_gorilla_(Gorilla_beringei_beringei)_female_3.jpg|thumb|Musanze wasanga pariki y'ibirunga ariho wasanga ingagi ]] by’ubukerarugendo bashingiye ku dushya, umwihariko waho n’ibindi byinshi.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu-nyaburanga/article/musanze-yashyizwe-ku-rutonde-rw-ahantu-50-isi-igomba-kwerekeza-amaso-mu-2023</ref>Musanze yatowe bijyanye n’uburyo mu myaka ishize yagaragaje iterambere ridasanzwe rishingiye ku kubungabunga ibidukikije binyuze mu gushyiraho uburyo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rwakungukira abahatuye mu buryo butaziguye, ibituma babibungabunga aho kubyangiza.Hagendewe kandi ku Kigo Mpuzamahanga kigezweho kizwi nka Gorilla Doctors kiri mu Murenge wa Muhoza mu Karere ka Musanze, cyashyizweho mu gukora ubushakashatsi ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse no kuvura ingagi by’umwihariko.Akarere kagize urusobe rw’Ibinyabuzima kamaze kumenyekana ku ruhando mpuzamahanga bijyanye n’ibikorwa byo gusura ingagi n’ibyo kuzamuka ibirunga biherereye muri iki gihe aho abantu baba baryoherwa n’amahumbezi aharanga, bikanungukira abaturage mu guteza imbere imibereho myiza yabo.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibindi bice bya Afurika byashyizwe kurutonde == Ibindi bice bya [[Afurika]] byashyizwe kuri uru rutonde bya [[Afurika]] harimo, ibya Giza na Saqqara mu [[Misiri]] ku bijyanye n’umwihariko wa za Pyramides, agace gakora ku nyanja k’Umujyi wa Freetown muri Sierra Leone (The Freetown Peninsula in Sierra Leone) ndetse na Dakar muri Sénégal ku bijyanye n’imideri n’ubugeni.Uru rutonde rwajeho kandi Umujyi wa [[Rabat]] muri Maroc, Pariki y’Igihugu ya Loango yo muri [[Gabon]] ndetse n’imisozi ya Chyulu yo muri [[Kenya]] ifite umwihariko ku baba bashaka kuzamuka imisozi.<ref name=":0" />Mu byagendeweho kugira ngo Musanze ize kuri urwo rutonde ni ibikorwaremezo bitandukanye byashyizwe muri ako karere birimo n’ikigo kirengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima by’umwihariko ingagi zo mu Birunga cyubatswe n’Umunyamerika, Ellen DeGeneres.TIME Magazine ivuga ko ubwiza nyaburanga, ibikorwa bibungabunga ibidukikije, kwimakaza ubukerarugendo mu buryo bwa kinyamwuga “ni byo bituma Musanze idashidikanywaho kuba ikwiriye gusurwa. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] hvbo5rfflts4bi92m2dbye8j2js50vy 0 15361 138911 93203 2026-09-17T21:20:43Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138911 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imodoka_zikoreaha_amashanyarazi.jpg|thumb|Imodoka z’Amashanyarazi]] Ikigega cya [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] gitera inkunga imishinga y’ingufu zisubira muri Afurika (SEFA), cyageneye ibihugu birindwi bya Afurika birimo n’u Rwanda inkunga izabifasha kwihutisha gahunda yo gutwara abantu mu buryo burengera ibidukikije. Iki kigega kizatanga miliyoni imwe y’amadolari [asaga miliyari y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda] y’ubufasha mu bya tekiniki kigega cyo kwihutisha gahunda yo gutwara abantu mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije [Green Mobility Facility for Africa (GMFA)]. GMFA itanga ubufasha mu bya tekiniki n’ishoramari bishyigikira abikorera bashaka gushora imari mu bisubizo byo gutwara abantu bitangiza ibidukikije mu bihugu birindwi birimo Kenya, Maroc, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone na Afurika y’Epfo. Inkunga ya SEFA izaharurira inzira ikoreshwa ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi, gushyiraho umurongo w’ubucuruzi ku bikorera bashaka gushora imari muri uru rwego, gutuma amabanki aguriza imishinga y’ubwikorezi butangiza ibidukikije n’ibindi. Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, Nnenna Nwabufo, yavuze ko uburyo bwo gutwara abantu butangiza ibidukikije buzafasha abaturage kugera kuri serivisi z’ibanze nk’akazi, uburezi n’andi mahirwe. Yakomeje avuga ko Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere irajwe ishinga no kubaka ahazaza harengera ibidukikije bigizwemo uruhare n’abikorera bafite ibisubizo byo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ati “Turizera ko GMFA izagira uruhare ku isoko rya Afurika mu kwihutisha urugendo rugana ku gutwara abantu kutangiza ibidukikije, kugabanya toni zirenga 2,175,000 z’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ndetse no guhanga imirimo ihoraho ibihumbi 19”. Umuyobozi Mukuru w’urwego rw’igihugu rw’iterambere, [[Clare Akamanzi]], yavuze ko mu minsi iri imbere ibisubizo mu gutwara abantu ndetse n’abashaka gutunga imodoka bizarushaho kwiyongera bigizwemo uruhare no kwaguka kw’imijyi, ubwiyongere bw’abaturage ndetse n’izamuka ry’ubukungu. Ati “Twishimiye kwakira iyi nkunga ya AfDB. Ibi turabibona ngo gushyigikira imbaraga dushyira mu kwimukira ku bisubizo byo gutwara abantu no gukomeza kubaka ubukungu burengera ibidukikije”. Mu Rwanda hari imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifashishwa mu gutwara abantu, ziganjemo iza Volkswagen Mobility Solutions Rwanda itanga serivisi zijyanye no gukodesha imodoka binyuze muri serivisi izwi nka “Move”. Hari kandi ibigo nka [[MTN Rwanda]] byiyemeje gukoresha imodoka z’amashanyarazi. == Amashakiro == http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/u-rwanda-ruri-mu-bihugu-byagenewe-inkunga-yo-kwihutisha-ikoreshwa-ry-imodoka-z 4v92dg5z2eqjfcvly8sv7a89a7de3m0 0 15370 138913 93216 2026-09-17T21:22:18Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138913 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Beauty Inside Nyandungu Eco Tourism Park.jpg|thumb|Parike yanyandungu igarangwamo amahumbezi]] Bwa mbere mu myaka isaga ijana umujyi wa Kigali umaze ubayeho, uwa 2022 uzahora wibukwa nk’uwa mbere wasize uyu mujyi ubonye pariki ya mbere ariyo ya Nyandungu, yatunganyijwe mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije. Pariki ya Nyandungu yabaye [[indoto]] zahindutse impamo kuva mu myaka myinshi kuva Kigali yagirwa [[Umurwa]] Mukuru w’u Rwanda. Ntabwo umuntu yapfa kwiyumvisha uburyo mu mujyi rwagati hashoboraga kuzura pariki ihuza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye ndetse ibungabunga ibidukikije ku buryo bwose bushoboka bijyanye n’umubare munini w’abantu bawugenda. Abagiriwe amahirwe yo kuhagenda, ni pariki yujuje byose bisabwa ku cyanya nyaburanga, kuko n’ingufu zikoreshwamo zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba. Uhageze asanganirwa n’umwuka uyunguruye n’amajwi y’inyoni z’amoko atandukanye. Mbere kitaratunganywa igishanga cya Nyandungu cyakorerwagamo ubuhinzi, ubworozi bw’amatungo yaragirwagamo ndetse hari abagikoreshaga nk’ikimoteri cyo kumenamo imyanda, bigatuma cyangirika. Ku muntu uhaheruka nko mu 2018, ubu ahageze yatungurwa. Ha handi hatagendwaga, hatabonekaga inyamaswa nk’inyoni n’izindi, ubu hahinduwe Pariki y’Ubukerarugendo bubungabunga Ibidukikije ya Nyandungu Iri mu Mirenge ya Ndera ho mu Karere ka Gasabo na Nyarugunga muri Kicukiro, kiri hagati y’umuhanda wa La Palisse Hotel kugera k’ugana i Ndera kuri 15, kiri ku buso bwa hegitari 121. Ni umushinga washimwe n’abaharanira kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ku buryo ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali buherutse gutangaza ko n’ibindi bishanga bitanu biwubarizwamo bigiye gusanurwa. Uyu mushinga ni umwe mu ikomeye yatangirijwemo isuzuma muri Kigali hagamijwe kureba uko ibishanga byabyazwa umusaruro ndetse bigahindurwa ahantu nyaburanga abantu bashobora kuruhukira nyuma yo kuva ku kazi k’ingume. Ibi ni urugero rugaragaza ko intego u Rwanda rwihaye yo kwimakaza iterambere rishingira ku ku bungabunga ibidukikije izagerwaho nta nkomyi. Uretse pariki ya Nyandungu yagezweho, 2022 wabaye umwaka wo gutera intambwe ifatika mu kurengera ibidukikije k‘u Rwanda binyuze mu mishinga n’amasezerano yasinywe. Muri iyo harimo inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yabereye i Nairobi muri Kenya yari igamije kwiga ku kurengera ibidukikije aho yemeje umushinga w’u Rwanda na Peru wo guhuza amasezerano yo guca ihumana ry’ikirere riterwa n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri pulasitiki. Ihuriro ryari rigamije kureba uko hagerwaho ikoresha ry’ingufu risangiwe kandi rigera kuri bose (The Sustainable Energy for All Forum) ryabereye mu Rwanda ku matariki ya 17-19 Gicurasi 2022 ryagaragaje ubushake bukomeye mu kugabanya ubusumbane bw’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ku batuye Isi. Mu nama zitandukanye zabereye mu Rwanda ingingo, yavugaga ku kubungabunga ibidukikije ntiyaburaga gukomozwaho kuko iyangirika ryabyo riteza ingaruka zigorana kwirinda. Nk’iyahuje abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma (CHOGM2022) yabereye mu Rwanda, hanzuwe ko ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Ururimi rw’Icyongereza, CommonWealth byafataniriza hamwe mu kugera ku ntego z’amasezerano ya Paris agamije kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ibihe. Uyu mwaka kandi hatewe ibiti miliyoni 36 mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, ibiti byari byiganjemo ibya gakondo n’ibihinganwa n’imyaka bifasha mu kurwanya isuri no kuba ubwugamo bw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Ikigega Ireme Invest cyatangirijwe i Sharm el Sheikh mu Misiri mu nama mpuzamahanga yiga ku guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, COP27 na cyo ni indi ntambwe yatewe kugira ngo iterambere ritangiza ibidukikije rigerweho. Ni ikigega cyatangijwe na Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] gitangirana miliyoni $104, ni ukuvuga asaga miliyari 109 Frw, kizatera inkunga imishinga y’abikorera igamije gufasha u Rwanda kubaka ubukungu burengera ibidukikije. Umwaka wa 2022 wabaye uwo kureba kure no gukoresha ubumenyi butandukanye mu guhanga imishinga y’ikoranabuhanga ishobora kwifashishwa mu kurengera ibidukikije no kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ibihe mu buryo bworoshye. Mu bihembo byatanzwe harimo icyahawe Perezida Kagame ku bijyanye na gahunda igihugu cyiyemeje mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe hagendewe ku biteganywa n’amasezerano ya Paris yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ibihe ya NDC n’ibindi. [[Dosiye:Outside of Nyandungu Eco Tourism Park.jpg|thumb|Parike iri hagati rwagati mumugi wa kigali ]] == amashakiro == http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umwaka-wa-2022-usize-u-rwanda-rwungutse-pariki-mu-mujyi-rwagati 7i1nsw1b7726t2vkzjohjnff74z7j2a 0 15404 138631 119699 2026-09-17T12:10:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138631 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jalkuworee (Assamese জলকুঁৱৰী) (49105909727).jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Narus]] Uruzi rwa Narus ni uruzi runyura mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba binyuze mu gice cy'amajyepfo ya Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kidepo, mu majyaruguru ya Uganda, rugahurira n'uruzi runini rwa Kidepo hafi ya Komoloyichi, nko ku birometero 13 nyuma yo kwinjira muri leta ya Equatoriya y'iburasirazuba ya Sudani y'Amajyepfo.<ref>https://www.bet.com/article/5b80oq/eunice-rivers-harvard-audio-interview</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/arnprior-hospital-offering-25-000-to-new-nurse-hires-1.6062626 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-20 |archive-date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320095110/https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/arnprior-hospital-offering-25-000-to-new-nurse-hires-1.6062626 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umugezi wa Narus ushobora kwerekeza kuri: * Umugezi wa Narus, Kapoeta, unyura cyane mu ntara ya Kapoeta y'Iburasirazuba muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo.<ref>https://lacrossetribune.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/nurse-charged-with-sex-crimes-at-monroe-county-jail/article_51e607dc-45a0-11ed-962a-8f7a9b79a395.html</ref> * Umugezi wa Narus, Uganda, unyura cyane muri Parike ya Kidepo mu majyaruguru ya Uganda.<ref>https://www.thedodo.com/daily-dodo/family-cant-find-rescue-puppy-then-realize-hes-hiding-in-plain-sight</ref><ref>https://myparistexas.com/mccurtain-county-memorial-hospital-refutes-rumor-of-woman-taking-newborn-from-hospital/</ref> [[Dosiye:Horseshoe Bend TC 27-09-2012 15-34-14.jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Narus]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] bs9oer7yg52h8l61vs9zkncqpxrvl9b 0 15413 138600 111612 2026-09-17T12:05:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138600 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Man brushing teeth.jpg|thumb|157x157px|Kwoza amenyo bumwe muburyo bwo kwirinda indwara zo mukanwa]] [[Dosiye:An example of bad tooth brushing habit.jpg|thumb|Amenyo bambitse utwuma tuyagorora.|158x158px]] [[Dosiye:Dental care airflow.jpg|thumb|164x164px|kwogesha amenyo]] Kugira ngo umuntu yirinde uburwayi bw’amenyo ndetse n’indwara ziterwa no kugira isuku nke yo mu kanwa, buri muntu wese asabwa koza amenyo byibura inshuro 3 ku munsi. == Ibyo wamenya == Koga mu kanwa bituma udukoko (bacteria) twagumyemo tudateza kunuka mu kanwa, bya biryo na byo ntibikomeze kwihoma ku menyo.Inyigo yakozwe na RBC mu mwaka 2018 ku bantu 2097 bagiye kwa muganga kwivuza indwara zo mu kanwa, 2/3 muri bo bari bafite amenyo yatobotse cyangwa yamanyutse bitewe no kutoga mu kanwa.Ni byizi kugira isuku yo mu kanwa, umuntu akoza amenyo buri gihe cyose amaze kurya, kandi akabikora inshuro 2 ku munsi hagati y’iminoa 5 n’icumi.koza amenyo ningenzi cyane, birinda umuntu kuba yarwara izindi ndwara azitewe no kutoza amenyo, kuko umwanda uragenda ukihoma ku menyo kandi haba harimo za mikorobe.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/dore-iby-ingenzi-wakora-kugira-ngo-wirinde-indwara-zo-mu-kanwa-n-iz-amenyo</ref>Izo mikorobe ziramanuka zikagera mu nda ku mutima, mu mitsi yewe bishoroba gutuma ku mugore utwite inda ivamo.koza mu kanwa birinda guteza uburwayi bw’ishinya n’amenyo bituruka ku dukoko dukomoka ku byo yariye duhagama mu menyo no mu ishinya, amenyo agacukuka, ndetse n’ishinya cyangwa ibice biyegereye bikabyimba. == Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe == [[Dosiye:Hand foot and mouth disease on a child.jpg|thumb|umwana urwaye indwara zo mu kanwa.|135x135px]] [[Dosiye:Molars in mouth with inflamed wisdom tooth.png|thumb|Amenyo|144x144px]] Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na RBC mu mwaka wa 2021 bwerekanye ko 92% by’Abanyarwanda bisuzumishije amenyo muri uwo mwaka babitewe n’uko bababaraga cyane, mu gihe abangana na 1% aribo bisuzumishije bagamije kureba uko bahagaze.Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwerekanye ko Abanyarwanda bagera kuri 67%, boza amenyo rimwe ku munsi mu gihe abayoza kabiri ari 19% gusa.Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, yatangaje ko abarwayi bajya kwivuza ku bigo nderabuzima no ku bitaro by’uturere, abagera kuri 40% bivuza indwara ziterwa n’umwanda wo mu kanwa.Ati “Abarwayi bagera kuri 85%, abagera kuri 40% muri bo bafite ikibazo cy’indwara zo mu kanwa (oral diseases).<ref name=":0" />Bavuga ko kutoza amenyo bitera indwara nyinshi zirimo izo mu kanwa, ndetse no kurwara amenyo ubwayo.bavuga kandi ko byoroshye cyane kurwanya izi ndwara zikaranduka burundu, kuko buri wese yitabiriye kugira isuku byamufasha kuzirinda. [[Dosiye:Hyperdontia - Genetically inherited development of overcomplete teeth. 3.jpg|thumb|indwara yamenyo|162x162px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] cp1nqzpvx8h6nfzzapeftes4w85rkhn 0 15450 138812 99735 2026-09-17T13:08:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138812 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igiti 5062.jpg|thumb|Igiti tubungabunga afurika]] Impamvu ni uko mu gihugu kimwe hashobora gushyirwaho politiki zibungabunga ibidukikije mu kindi ntikizishyirweho bigatuma intambwe yatewe idatanga umusaruro. == Ibyo wamenya == [[Dosiye:UNEP_FI_Logo_2021_Colour.png|thumb|UNEP FI Logo ]] U [[Rwanda]] rwateye intambwe mu gukumira amasashe n’imyanda ikomoka kuri pulasitiki ikoreshwa inshuro imwe ariko ibindi bihugu bikaba bikirwana no kubona aho bihera nyamara izi ngamba zitanga umusaruro ari uko ibihugu bifatanyije.Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA), yavuze ko ibihugu biba bifite politiki zikoze neza ariko bitari ku rugero rumwe rwo kuzishyira mu bikorwa,Ati “Iyo duhuriye hamwe tubasha kwigira kuri bagenzi bacu, uwagize uko abikora birenze abandi akabasangiza amakuru y’uburyo babikora iwabo.Ihuriro ryemeje ku mugaragaro rinatangira akazi, rizafasha mu gushyiraho politiki zijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije kuko ibigo bishinzwe ibidukikije bisa n’aho ari byo bifite izo nshingano.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/u-rwanda-rwakiriye-inama-itangirizwamo-ihuriro-rigamije-kuvuguta-umuti-w</ref>Mu gihe izo politiki zajyaho mu bihugu bitandukanye kandi zigashyirwa mu ngiro byafasha cyane cyane nko mu gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kubungabunga ibidukikije.ibiganiro byibanda ku gukumira ibitera imihindagurikire y’ibihe, kugabanya [[Dosiye:Rwanda_green.jpg|thumb|Urwanda mukuba indashyikirwa mu gutera ibiti]] ikendera ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kurwanya ihumana ry’ubutaka n’amazi ndetse n’ibijyanye n’imicungire y’imyanda.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cv242l08k92o</ref>Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije, yavuze ko mu bigira uruhare mu guhungabanya ibidukikije harimo n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, ibikorwa byo gushaka ibiribwa no kubihererekanya, imikoreshereze mibi y’ubutaka bwaba ubukorerwaho ubuhinzi, inganda n’ibindi bikorwa by’iterambere.Ati “Twizeye ko irihuriro riziye igihe ngo rifashe mu kubona ibisubizo byiza binyuze mu guhererekanya ubumenyi no gushyiraho ingamba ziyobora ubufatanye na UNEP n’izindi nzego. == U Rwanda mu kubungabunga Ihungabana ry'Ibidukikije == Mu [[Rwanda]] hari ibigo bishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije ariko ko no kugira gahunda zihariye zateguriwe imbere mu gihugu ari uburyo bwa nyabwo bwo gushaka ibisubizo.Izo gahunda zirimo Umuganda; Siporo ikorwa mu mihanda itarangwamo ibinyabiziga (Car Free Day) hagamijwe kugabanya umwuka wangiza ikirere no kurwanya indwara zitandura; gusukura imijyi no gusubiranya ibishanga byiyongera ku gukumira amasashe na pulasitiki zikoreshwa inshuro imwe.Umuyobozi w’Ibiro bya [[Afurika]] mu ishami rya Loni rishinzwe ibidukikije (UNEP), yavuze ko gukemura ibibazo by’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ikendera ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’imicungire y’imyanda bisaba ubufatanye mu kumenya no gushyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo by’ibyo bibazo bimaze kugaragara mu bihugu byinshi.<ref name=":0" />Yavuze ko hari ibihugu bitazakomeza kubaho bitewe n’uko wenda byarengewe n’amazi mu gihe nta cyaba gikozwe kandi ko kuri we, imbogamizi mu kubungabunga ibidukikije ni nyinshi kandi zirakomeye, bityo hakenewe ko abantu bahuza imbaraga.Ati " Hamwe no gukorera hamwe tuzarushaho kugira imbaraga zituganisha ku kugera ku ntego z’Iterambere Rirambye na gahunda ya Afurika Yunze Ubumwe ya 2063 igena "[[Afurika]] Twifuza".Ibikorwa bya muntu birimo gutsemba amashyamba, kwangiza ubutaka, gushimuta inyamaswa zo mu gasozi n’ibituma ubushyuhe bwiyongera ni byo bituma Umugabane wa [[Afurika]] urushaho kugana ahabi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 77blfccwxtb45xqrqpm0g91aeu6659f 0 15463 138727 115434 2026-09-17T12:26:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138727 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Batwa Pygmies evicted from their homelands in the early 1990s when Mghinga Gorilla National Park was established.jpg|thumb|Abatwa bo muri Uganda barimo kuririmba.|274x274px]] [[Dosiye:Búfalos_cafre_(Syncerus_caffer),_parque_nacional_del_Lago_Mburo,_Uganda,_2024-02-01,_DD_46.jpg|thumb|Búfalos nk'inyamaswa zo muri Uganda ]] Abatwa benshi bo muri [[Uganda]], birukanwe mu myaka 30 ishize mu ngo barazwe n'abasekuruza babo zo mu mashyamba kugira ngo habungabungwe ubuzima bw'inyamaswa. [[Dosiye:Facóqueros_comunes_(Phacochoerus_africanus),_parque_nacional_del_Lago_Mburo,_Uganda,_2024-02-01,_DD_68.jpg|thumb|inyamaswa zitangaje zo muri Uganda |284x284px]] == Urugendo mukwirukanwa kwa Abatwa mushyamba == Mu rugendo n'amaguru mu ishyamba ry'inzitane rya Bwindi, indirimbo Abatwa baririmba zifatwa nk'iz'ibyishimo, ariko zirumvikanamo agahinda.Ni izo kwishimira umusaruro mwiza w'ubuki, ariko nta musaruro uhari kuko Abatwa batacyemerewe guhakura ubuki, cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose, muri iri shyamba.Ahubwo, aba basangwabutaka bafata ba mukerarugendo babaha amafaranga bakabatembereza mu turere tw'abasekuruza babo bahoze batuyemo mu ishyamba ndetse, mu buryo burimo imbyino, bakabasubiriramo uburyo bahoze babayeho.Injyana iracurangwa ku mirya y'icyuma hakoreshejwe urutoki rw'igikumwe ku nanga izwi nk"icyembe", ubwo tugeze ku itsinda ry'inzu za nyakatsi muri iri shyamba, nyuma yo kugenda iminota 30.ukuriye iri tsinda, atunga urutoki ku hantu hari inyuma y'izi nyakatsi, arasobanura ati: "Aha hari kuba ari indaro [urusengero], aho twari kuba tuganirira n'abakurambere bacu.Iyo abagabo babaga bashaka kujya guhiga, bitwazaga inyama cyangwa ubuki nk'amaturo. Bahigaga ingurube z'agasozi [isatura] n'amoko menshi y'impongo [antilope, mu Gifaransa]. <ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60844561</ref>Abagore bishimiraga ko umuhigo warumbutse, bagateka bakanabyina. Ariko ubu ntitukibona ibiryo by'ubu bwoko.Ufite imyaka hafi 50, ni mukuru bihagije kuburyo yibuka uko ubuzima bwari bumeze kuri we na bagenzi be mbere yuko birukanwa.Mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa mu magana, bari babayeho nk'abahigi batunzwe n'ibiva mu mashyamba yo mu misozi miremire yo ku mipaka ya [[Uganda]], u [[Rwanda]] na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya [[Congo]].Ariko mu myaka ya 1990, Abatwa bo muri Uganda birukanwe mu mashyamba ya Bwindi, Mgahinga na Echuya mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw'igihugu, ubwo utwo turere twahindukaga za parike z'inyamaswa, mbere na mbere mu rwego rwo kwita ku ngagi z'imbonekarimwe zo mu misozi miremire.<ref name=":0" />Ku migenzo y'Abatwa, irimo no kurambagiza (gutereta) mu cyahoze ari imbuga aho abasore n'abakobwa bajyaga bahurira bagasabana."Umusore wabaga ushaka kurongora byamusabaga gutega ''intenzi'' (ubwoko bw'inkima isimbuka imeze nk'iguruka).Iranyaruka cyane ku maguru yayo, rero byamusabaga guhengera igihe isinziriye mu mwobo wo mu giti. Akayifata ikangutse irimo kugerageza guhunga. Yagombaga kuyizana ari nzima, bitaba ibyo nta mugore yabonaga. [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female eating root.jpg|thumb|221x221px|maintain gorilla(gorilla beringei beringei ) female eating root]] == Nyuma yokwirukanwa bahawe ubutaka bwo guhinga == [[Dosiye:(Large procession of people on a rural road) (AM 81509-1).jpg|thumb|271x271px]] Nyuma yo kwirukanwa, imiryango imwe y'Abatwa yahawe ubutaka bwo guhinga, ibuhawe na leta ya Uganda.Ariko kuko batari bazi guhinga, ubutaka barabugurishije nuko benshi bakwiragira muri ako karere, bakabeshwaho n'ibyo bahawe n'abaturanyi babo b'abagiraneza ndetse n'imiryango itagamije inyungu.Abaturanyi bamwe barabasuzuguye, babita abantu bo mu gisambu [mu kigunda].Abatwa bo muri [[Uganda]], babarurwa ko batageze ku 7,000, benshi bagiye mu duce tw'umujyi, nka Kisoro, aka karere kakaba kari hafi y'amashyamba.Mu nkengero y'uwo mujyi muto, imiryango ituye ku butaka bwa leta, mu ngo zubatswe mu bikarito zisakajwe amahema. Babayeho mu manegeka.Mu mwaka wa 2011, itsinda ry'Abatwa rifatanyije n'imiryango itegamiye kuri leta, bareze mu rukiko leta ya [[Uganda]] kubera kubirukana nuko mu mpera y'umwaka ushize wa 2021, urukiko rurinda iremezo ry'itegekonshinga rwanzura ko batsinze.<ref name=":0" />Rwavuze ko aba Batwa bafashwe mu buryo butari ubwa kimuntu, rutegeka ko "indishyi irimo gushyira mu gaciro no mu kuri" irihwa mu gihe kitarenze amezi 12, ariko leta irashaka kujurira.Abatwa bamwe bamenyereye ubuzima bushya bayoboka ubuhinzi.Inyamaswa zitaweho neza kurusha Abatwa, kuko ba mukerarugendo baraza, bakishyura amafaranga, leta igakoresha ayo mafaranga, naho Abatwa bakaba babayeho nabi.Izo nyamaswa ni ingagi zo mu misozi miremire. Leta ya [[Uganda]] yishyuza agera ku madolari 700 y'[[Amerika]] (agera ku 709,600 by'amafaranga y'u [[Rwanda]]) ku kujya kuzireba.Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije byatumye ingagi zo muri Uganda ziyongera zigera ku ngagi 459, no ku ngagi zirenga 1,000 ku isi, bivuze ko zitakiri ku rutonde rw'iziri mu byago bikomeye byuko zacika (zashiraho) burundu.Ikigo cya [[Uganda]] cyita ku nyamaswa (Uganda Wildlife Authority, UWA) kivuga ko ibi kirimo kubikora kibinyujije mu kwemerera Abatwa kujyana ba mukerarugendo kubatembereza mu ishyamba na kimwe cya gatanu cy'amafaranga yinjijwe na parike kigahabwa abaturage bayegereye binyuze mu buyobozi bw'inzego z'ibanze.<ref name=":0" />Mu rugendo rw'Abatwa bava mu ishyamba, hakozwe amakosa menshi. Ariko ikirego cyo kutabona ubutaka, kutabemerera kugira umuco wabo, rwose kirakocamye kandi si ukuri.Nyamara Abatwa bo barashaka ahantu ho kwita iwabo no kwemerwa nk'abasangwabutaka kugira ngo bitabweho kurushaho mu mategeko mpuzamahanga. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 1aa3bjc58eu0ocuzjjfkpinka7mv9be 0 15551 138903 136054 2026-09-17T21:16:09Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyamba rya Kongo''' '''Amavu n'amavuko''' Ishyamba rya Congo n’ishyamba rinini muri Afurika n’ishyamba rya kabiri rinini mu mashyamba y’imvura yo ku isi ku isi rifite kilometero kare 695.000. Iri shyamba rikubiyemo ibice bya Kameruni, Repubulika ya Centrafrique, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo na Repubulika ya Kongo, Gineya ya Ekwatoriya na Gabon. Imibare ndangahantu y’irishyamba. Coordinates: 0 ° 00′N 25 ° 00′E / 0.000 ° N 25.000 ° E. '''Ingingo z'ingenzi''' Bibiri bya gatatu by'amashyamba y'imvura aboneka muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC) aho 57% by'ibihugu ubutaka bugizwe n'amashyamba * Pygmy chimpanzee * Ibimera * [[Igiti]] cyo muri Afurika * Imyerezi itukura * Mahogany * Umuhengeri wo hejuru * Ubuzima bwo mu gasozi Inyamaswa zo mu ishyamba rya Congo zirimo; [[ingagi]] nini zo mu misozi, chimpanzees, [[inzovu]], imvubu ya pygmy, antelope, ingurube zo mu gasozi, inyamanswa n'inkwavu zera. Ingona nazo ziba mu ruzi rwa Congo n'ubwoko bwinshi bw'amafi; perch, catfish. Ubwoko bwinzoka zirimo cobra, mambasi yicyatsi, inyongeramusaruro na python zibaho mumashyamba yimvura. '''Inyoni zirimo'''; kagoma, igikona n'amavuta, heron. == Ibikorwa mu ishyamba rya Congo == * Kureba inyoni * Inzira nyabagendwa * Ingando * Abanyekongo batunzwe n’amashyamba kubyo kurya no kwinjiza, * Ingufu * Ubuhungiro * Imiti == Huza == https://web.archive.org/web/20230322095735/https://fortuneofafrica.com/congo-forest/ ckgdsrov4bqftqtavvgdf8kxny0qd6t 0 15578 138767 120209 2026-09-17T12:36:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2013-06-05 05-58-18 Rwanda Kigali - Nyabugogo.JPG|thumb|Igishanga]] ''Igishanga cya Rwampala kizwi ku izina rya ETR (Ecole Technique Rwamapala) giherereye mu rugabano rw’Akarere ka Kicukiro n’aka Nyarugenge.'' == Ibyo Wamenya kugishanga cya Rwampara == Igishanga cya Rwampara gishobora kuba gifite hectare zigera ku 100,Mu mwaka wa 2012 abagituriye bavugaga yuko ku muhanda unyura rwagati muri iki gishanga nta rumuri rusange rwaharangwaga bityo bigatera ikabazo cyuko hasangwaga hakorerwa ubugizi bwanabi.Ubuyobozi [[Dosiye:Ibisha.jpg|thumb|Ibishanga bihingwamo ]] bwa Akarere bwavugagako umuhanda unyura mugishanga kuwushyiramo kaburimbo ukanashyirwamo urumuri rusange byafasha ukarushaho kuba nyabagendwa ku manywa na nijoro akaba ari kimwe mu bisubizo birambye by’iki kibazo cyari gihari mumyaka yashize.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/igishanga-cya-rwampala-ahantu-hatinyitse-i-kigali.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322123321/https://ar.umuseke.rw/igishanga-cya-rwampala-ahantu-hatinyitse-i-kigali.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>Mu mwaka wa 2012 igishanga cya Rwampara haguye abantu bane (4) mu mezi atatu, ndetse hanatoraguwe n’abana b’impinja batatu bahajugunywe nkuko abaturage babyemeza.Tariki 24 Mata mu mwaka 2012, hari umugore w’umucuruzi wahamburiwe amafaranga ku bw’amahirwe ntibamwica, ariko abagizi ba nabi basize bamumennye umuti w’inkweto mu maso.Iki gishanga bitewe n’urubingo rwinshi rugiteyemo, cyabaye indiri y’abagizi ba nabi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] qwo8z5lrzi4zjyvz6t2tjb6yeipvycv 0 15778 138768 120194 2026-09-17T12:36:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urban wetlands protection and advocacy Campaign in Rwanda.png|thumb|umushinga wo gutunganya ibishanga]] [[Dosiye:Ibisha.jpg|thumb|Gutunganya Ibishanga.]] Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga urengera ibidukikije, ARCOS, bwerekanye ko ubudahangarwa bw’ibishanga cyane cyane ibyo muri [[Kigali]] bwangiritse ku gipimo cya 65%. == Ibyo wamenya ku Ibishanga by'Umujyi wa Kigali == Igishushanyombonera cy’imitunganyirize y’ibi bishanga kigaragaza ko Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] ufite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 15.76 (20%) bugizwe n’ibishanga hamwe n’imibande.Ibishanga byo hepfo y’i Gikondo nka Rwandex na Rwampara kugera Nyabugogo, ndetse na Gacuriro, Mulindi na Masaka, bigomba gutunganywa mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu guhereye muri Nyakanga mu mwaka 2021.Ibishanga byitaweho cyane ku ikubitiro ni icya Rwandex, Rwampara, icya Masaka, mubindi bikorwa bizahakorerwa birenze kuhatera ibiti ni uko hazashyiirwa ibiyaga, hazashyirwa serivisi zifasha abantu gukora siporo, abakoze ubukwe baze kuhifotoreza. <ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/ibishanga-by-i-kigali-bikomeje-gutunganywa-bizashyirwamo-ibinyabuzima-nk-inyoni-n-ibinyugunyugu</ref>Hazaterwa indabo hazanwe ibinyabuzima birimo inyoni zari zaracitse i [[Kigali]], ibinyugugu,…mbese nk’uko ubibona uko Nyandungu yakozwe.Byari biteganyijwe ko amafaranga azajya aboneka ibishanga nk’icya UTEXRWA na Nyabugogo na byo bizatunganywa, ariko icy’ingenzi ari ukubanza gukuramo ibikorwa byose birimo, kugira ngo ibyo bishanga bibashe kwakira no kubika amazi yose ava muri Kigali.Inkunga yatanzwe na Banki y’Isi kugira ngo ivugurure [[Kigali]] n’imijyi itandatu iwunganira, yaje ari icyiciro cya kabiri cy’umushinga wiswe ‘[[Rwanda]] Urban Development (RUDP)’ uzamara imyaka itanu kuva mu mwaka 2021 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2025.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu-nyaburanga/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-ugiye-gushaka-abazatunganya-ibindi-bishanga-mu-isura-ya</ref> [[Dosiye:Nyandungu Urban Wetland Eco-Tourism Park medicinal garden 01.jpg|thumb|igishanga cya Nyandungu nacyo kiri mubyatunganyijwe kigirwa ahantu nyaburanga]] === Uko Umushinga waruhagaze === [[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb|igishanga]] MININFRA mu mwaka wa 2021 Kamena, yatangaje ko Banki y’Isi n’Ikigega cy’Isi gitera inkunga ibidukikije (GEF), ndetse n’ikigega cyitwa Nordic Development Fund (NDF), byatanze inguzanyo y’Amadolari ya [[Amerika]] ya miliyoni 170 (ahwanye n’Amafaranga y’u [[Rwanda]] miliyari 170).Muri ayo mafaranga hakaba haragombaga kuvamo amadolari ya [[Amerika]] miliyoni 50 (ni miliyari 50 z’Amanyarwanda) yagenewe kubaka ibikorwaremezo, gutera ibimera bibungabunga ibishanga by’i [[Kigali]] no kuzanamo ibisimba bimwe byahacitse kugeza ubu bikiboneka muri Pariki ya Nyungwe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/ibishanga-byumujyi-wa-kigali-byugarijwe-nimyubakire-inyuranyije-namategeko.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-26 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326113316/https://ar.umuseke.rw/ibishanga-byumujyi-wa-kigali-byugarijwe-nimyubakire-inyuranyije-namategeko.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>Uyu mushinga watangiraga mu mwaka wa 2021 muri Nyakanga, MININFRA yavugaga ko miliyoni zigera ku 120 z’Amadolari ya [[Amerika]] yasigaye nyuma yo gukuramo 50 yo gutunganya ibishanga by’i [[Kigali]], azakoreshwa mu guteza imbere imijyi ya Huye, Muhanga, Rusizi, Rubavu, Nyagatare na Musanze.Icyiciro cya mbere cya RUDP, Banki y’Isi yari yagihaye amadolari ya [[Amerika]] agera kuri miliyoni 100, aho kuva mu mwaka wa 2016 kugera mu mwaka wa 2021 [[Kigali]] yubatswemo imihanda yo mu makaritiye ireshya na kilomero 54.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 62e3cz8hb2eq2tvp2x02i5yvxy28pqk 0 15890 138737 112791 2026-09-17T12:32:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138737 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:African Fish Eagle, Akagera National Park, Rwanda 1.jpg|thumb|Igishanga ]] [[Dosiye:Beautiful Swamp Weeds.jpg|thumb|igishanga cyiza]] [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda,.jpg|thumb|igishanga cya rugeramigozi]] Mubikorwa byo gutunganya iki gishanga yakozwe harimo kongera ingomero z’amazi zuhira umuceri. [[Dosiye:Akagera.jpg|thumb|igishanga ,..]] == Gahunda yo gutunganya Igishanga cya Rugeramigozi == Mubikorwa byo gutunganya iki gishanga yakozwe harimo kongera ingomero z’amazi zuhira umuceli, kurwanya isuri mu nkengero z’igishanga, haterwa ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka kandi abahinzi bagahugurwa gufata neza imiyoboro y’amazi.Abahinzi kandi bubakiwe ubwanikiro buhagije ku buryo ngo umusaruro wabo utangirikira mu mirima, banigishwa kwikorera ifumbire y’ibirundo bitanga nibura toni zisaga 100 yunganira imvaruganda.Ibiti bisaga ibihumbi 100 bizafasha abahinzi gukomeza kongera umusaruro, kuko bizafasha kurinda imiyoboro twubatse itanga amazi mu mirima isuri iyangiza kuko ubundi aha nta mazi yahageraga.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/muhanga-gutunganganya-igishanga-cya-rugeramigozi-byazamuye-umusaruro-w-umuceli</ref>Umuhuzabikorwa wafashaga abahinzi ba Rugeramigozi yavuga ko mu bikorwa bibungabunga ibidukikije muri iki gishanga birimo no gutera ibiti ku materasi akikije igishanga.Buri wese akwiye kuba ijisho rya mugenzi we, kugira ngo bakomeze kubona umusaruro uhagije w’umuceli muwurinda isuri yawangiza.Igihembwe cyashize abahinzi bakaba barabashije kugurisha Toni 356 bavuye kuri 274 bari bagurishije mu mwaka wa 2016, hatabariwemo uwo bajya kurya iwabo. == Ibindi Wamenya kumusaruro Abahinzi babonaga == Abahinzi b’umuceri mu gishanga cya Rugeramigozi baravuga ko umusaruro wabo ukomeje kwiyongera,bavuga ko mu gihembwe cyari gishize cy’ihinga mu mwaka wa 2016 bari biyemeje kuzamura umusaruro kugera kuri Toni 200 kuri Hegitari 57, bakaba barabashije kubona umusaruro ungana na Toni 189 bavuye kuri Toni 125.Umwe mubahinga avugako ahinga kuri hegitari eshanu ariko yajyaga yeza kg 200 ariko aho ahuguriwe gutera umuceli ku murongo no gukoresha ifumbire y’ibirundo ageze kuri kg 382.<ref name=":0" />Ubuso bwose bwa Rugeramigozi ya mbere n’iya kabiri busaga Hegitari 100 zihingwaho n’amakoperative ya COCAR na KIABER.Umukozi w’Akarere ka Muhanga wari ushinzwe igenamigambi avuga ko DUHAMIC ADRI yifatanyije n’Akarere mu kwesa imihigo ine irimo no kongera umusaruro ku bihingwa by’umuceri n’ibigoli. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] o00hjag2x1hifq2rzceare4fk2u6d07 0 16016 138667 127295 2026-09-17T12:15:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138667 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igishanga gihingwa.jpg|thumb|Igishanga]] Ikibaya cya Mukunguri, ni igishana kiri mu mirenge ya Mugina na Nyamiyaga ho mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|karere ka Kamonyi]] hamwe no mu Murenge wa Kinazi wo mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Karere ka Ruhango]], ahakorerwa ubuhibw'umuceri muri iki gishanga, aho hamaze imyaka isaga 40 hari ubu buhinzi muri iki gishanga cya Mukunguri. Abahinzi bibumbiye mu ma Zone 13 mu gishanga gifite ubuso bwose bugera kuri Hegitali 700 ariko wakuramo imigezi n’ahanyuzwa imiyoboro n’ibindi bikorwa by’ahadahingwa ugasanga gisigarana nka Hegitali 500 zirenga. Gusa na none kubera ibibazo by’ibiza byakuze kwibasira iki gishanga, ubuso bubyazwa umusaruro bubarirwa muri Hegitali 400 zirenga. muri iki gishanga harimo abahinzi bibumbiye muri koperative zitandukaNYE nka COPRORIZ<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/2020/12/27/kamonyi-abahinga-umuceri-mu-kibaya-cya-mukunguri-bashima-ibyiza-bagikesha/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404183746/https://www.intyoza.com/2020/12/27/kamonyi-abahinga-umuceri-mu-kibaya-cya-mukunguri-bashima-ibyiza-bagikesha/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/mukunguri-abahinzi-b-umuceri-barataka-igihombo-kubera-iteme-ryacitse</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/bafunguriwe-umuhanda-ngo-bambuke-nyabarongo-bashima-imana/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-date=2022-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626194405/https://www.intyoza.com/bafunguriwe-umuhanda-ngo-bambuke-nyabarongo-bashima-imana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kugitunganya == Umushinga wo kugitunganya, uzibanda ku gutunganya ubutaka buri ku buso bwa Hegitari 700, bwo mu misozi igikikije, mu rwego rwo kuburinda kwangirizwa n’isuri. Bizajyana n’ingamba zo gukangurira ababuhinga kubahiriza ibikenerwa byose mu kongera umusaruro harimo imbuto nziza, ifumbire y’imborera n’imvaruganda, imiti, ishwagara n’ibindi bituma umusaruro wiyongera.Ni igishanga kiri ku buso bwa Hegitari 700, izikunze kurengerwa n’amazi y’imvura, zikaba zibarirwa muri 20.Mu umushinga wo kugitunganya haziyongeraho Damu, izayobora amazi mu buryo bworohereza abahinzi mu mirimo ijyanye no kuhira imyaka, bityo bajye babasha no guhinga batitaye ku kurindira imvura.Ibyo bizarushaho kubakira abahinzi ubushobozi, no guca imyumvire y’abagitekereza ko umurimo w’ubuhinzi ari uwa ba “mbuze uko ngira”.Ubwo bizaba byashyizwe mu bikorwa, umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, uzarushaho kwiyongera.Igihe kirageze ngo umuhinzi yubakirwe ubushobozi bumugira rwiyemezamirimo nk’abandi bose babarizwa mu rindi shoramari rirambye.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibishanga]] 2a05w51hxmm0u7ghje036fldu34wv3p 0 16018 138728 112364 2026-09-17T12:27:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igishanga]] [[Dosiye:Igishanga_mu_Rwanda,.jpg|thumb|Igishanga mu Rwanda,]] Ni igishanga kiri mu Mudugudu wa Gatyazo, Akagari ka Rugali mu Murenge wa Macuba mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Karere ka Nyamasheke]], aha niho hatangijwe igihembwe cya kabiri cy’ihinga cy’umwaka wa 2012-2013 batangira batera ibigori mu materasi ari ku misozi ikikije umugezi wa Kilimbi. Aya materasi ari guterwaho ibigori yaciwe mu mirima y’abaturage ku nkunga y’umushinga wa Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi ushinzwe gutunganya ibishanga no kubibungabunga. Uyu mushinga ukorera mu Mirenge ya Macuba na Kilimbi hagamijwe gutunganya.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/igihembwe-cya-kabiri-cy-ihinga-cyatangirijwe-mu-materasi-yakorewe-kubungabunga-ubutaka</ref>Muri iki gihembwe ahatoranyijwe hazahingwa ibigori muri aka karere hangana na hegitari 2500, bikaba biteganyijwe ko kubiba bizarangirana.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Igishanga_cya_Nyabicwamba.jpg|thumb|Igishanga ]] === Umushinga === Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga neza iki gishanga babanje gukora amaterasi ku misozi imenera amazi muri iki gishanga, ibi bikaba byarafashije abaturage gutunganya imirima yabo bityo bikazabafasha no kongera umusaruro. Abakorewe aya materasi kuyitaho bakayabyaza umusaruro kandi bakayafata neza kugira ngo atangirika, kuko ari ku misozi ihanamye bagateraho urubingo. Aya materasi ari guterwaho ibigori yaciwe mu mirima y’abaturage ku nkunga y’umushinga wa Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi ushinzwe gutunganya ibishanga no kubibungabunga. Uyu mushinga ukorera mu Mirenge ya Macuba na Kilimbi hagamijwe gutunganya igishanga cya Kilimbi<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Swamp_rice_farming.jpg|thumb|Igishanga bahingamo ]] [[Dosiye:Swamp_Tanganyika_DRC.jpg|thumb|Igishanga ]] [[Dosiye:Igishanga_muri_Bugesera_🎈.jpg|thumb|Igishanga 🎈]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibishanga]] 6ng22iela6sxo0y0iu8rrt08957enwt 0 16022 138632 94224 2026-09-17T12:10:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138632 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igishanga cya kacyiru.jpg|thumb|Igishanga cya Cyohoha - Rukeri]] '''Igishanga cya Cyohoha - Rukeri''' giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo|karere ka Rulindo]], aha abaturage bavuga nta nyungu bagikuramo kuko bishyurwa amafaranga make ku kilo bakanakatwa amafaranga menshi y’ifumbire. Abo bahinzi kandi bavuga ko banakatwa amafaranga y’abatunganya bityo ngo bakaba basanga ubuhinzi bwabo nta kamaro bubafitiye uretse kubakamuramo imbaraga.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/abahinga-icyayi-muri-cyohoha-ntiborohewe</ref> === Icyayi === Uhinga icyayi muri iki gishanga, avuga ko ubu buhinzi bugirira akamaro abatari abahinzi ngo kuko ababagurira icyayi bakanabaterera imiti babaca amafaranga menshi. abasoromyi bo bahabwa amafaranga 21 ku kilo basoromye, twe twagiteye tukagikorera tukakitaho bakaduha 45 ku kilo, bagahindukira bagakuramo amafaranga y’amafumbire hakaba ubwo usanga mu kwezi umuntu asigarana ubusa agataha uko yaje.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibishanga]] lldyut00hc0tem6ncasvbt9rr30vpz6 0 16650 138813 109854 2026-09-17T13:08:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138813 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Muganza, Rwanda - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Cimerwa]] [[Dosiye:RusiziDist.png|thumb|Aho uruganda ruherereye]] Cimerwa ni uruganda rukora sima mu [[Rwanda]], rukaba rukorera mu Rwanda kuva mu 1984, kuri ubu rukora toni ibihumbi 600 za sima, aho rwakoraga toni ibihumbi 50 buri mwaka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/uruganda-rwa-cimerwa-rwatanze-sima-izifashishwa-mu-kubakira-abasenyewe-n-ibiza</ref> == Aho rubarizwa == [[Dosiye:Cement Industry in Ypsonas Limassol Cyprus 5.jpg|thumb|Uruganda rwa Cimerwa]] uruganda rwa Cimerwa ni rumwe mu nganda zisanzwe zibarizwa mu Rwanda aho zitunganya sima, Cimerwa Plc ruherereye mu kibaya cya Bugarama mu karere ka Rusizi, mu intara y'iburengerazuba.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/u-rwanda-rugiye-kunguka-uruganda-rwa-sima-rwa-miliyari-102-frw</ref> == Mu Bucuruzi == uruganda rwa Cimerwa rero rwaguzwe, na PPC ikomoka mu gihugu cya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]],ibarizwa ku mugabane wa Afurika, aho ari uruganda rukora sima nyinshi mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/5847/news/business/govt-likely-to-take-over-south-african-firms-shares-in-cimerwa</ref> == Imari n'imigabane == uruganda rwa Cimerwa ubu ruri ku isoko ry'imari n'imigabane kuva muri 2020, ikaba ari isoka rya kabilo mu rwanda rinini. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Cima]] f6tis9l18b830v9n79h8dep8pafavtr 0 16842 138750 122443 2026-09-17T12:34:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138750 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mall of Africa, South Africa.jpg|thumb|Mall for Africa]] [[Dosiye:Mall of the North, Polokwane, Limpopo, South Africa (10185989586).jpg|thumb|'''Mall of the North, Polokwane, Limpopo, South Africa''']] '''Mall for Africa''' ikompanyi cyangwa sosiyete igemura cyangwa izana ibicuruzwa biva muri [[Amerika]] hamwe n'[[Ubwongereza]] abyoherereza abakiriya mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/dhl-express-rwanda-yahishuriye-abashoramari-80-inyungu-zihishe-mu-gucururiza</ref> == Uko Yatangiye == Mall for Arica Ubusanzwe yatangijwe na [[Gati Meddy]] uyu yize ibijyanye n’amashanyarazi muri KIST nyuma yagiye muri Amerika aho utuye, ubu aba muri Leta ya California ahamaze imyaka igera kuri irindwi. Mu Rwanda yahuguwe mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwo kuri murandasi [e-commerce]. Natangiye gucuruza kuri murandasi muri 2012 atangirira kuri eBay aho yacuruzaga amataratara n’amasaha muri 2013 atangirira gucuruza kuri Amazon ibintu bitandukanye, nyuma muri 2015 atangiza urubuga rwa www.gatishop.com uru rucururiza ku mugabane wa Amerika, [[ositaraliya]], u [[Burayi]] na [[Aziya]]. Muri 2017 nibwo yatangije urubuga Mallforafrica.com mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/gati-yatangije-iduka-rigemura-ibicuruzwa-byo-muri-amerika-abizana-mu-rwanda</ref> == Mu Rwanda == Mall for Arica ubu afite amaduka agera ku 180 yo muri [[Amerika]] n’u [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] bafitanye amasezerano yo kugemura ibicuruzwa byabo nibindi babyohereza mu Rwanda. Ayo maduka yose ushobora kuyasanga ku rubuga rwacu rwa murandasi www.mallforafrica.com<ref name=":0" />. == Aho Bakorera == Mall for Arica yafunguye ibirobikuru mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]] kuri Centenary House, aha afite abakozi babiri bakora bahoraho. kandi batanze akazi ku bantu bamamaza, ndetse bahaye akazi amaradiyo na bagemura ibintu byabo.”Ibicuruzwa bigemurwa biza mu Rwanda akabisakaza mu bihugu birimo [[Nigeriya]], [[Kenya]] , [[Gana]], na Dubayi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] 4mp9ozgjkuvz7m042fhb7m95cvgj28w 0 17075 138589 112797 2026-09-17T12:04:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138589 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:A man watering grass.jpg|thumb|ipombo y'amazi|213x213px]] [[Dosiye:Dülmen, Umland, Sonnenaufgang -- 2012 -- 8069.jpg|thumb|Ifoto igaragaza imirasire y' izuba]] Ni abanyeshuri 10 bibumbiye hamwe maze bakora itsinda rikora ubushakashatsi muri ishuri rikuru ryitwa Sinhgad Technical Education Society (STES mu Rwanda), bakoze ipombo na yo ikoresha imirasire y’izuba , Iyi Pombo kandi bakoze ikoreshwa n’imirasire y’izuba kandi ni yo izuba ritava irakora kuko ifite batiri ibika umuriro. Ibi ni ibisubizo bikenewe aho gukoresha kajugujugu cyangwa izindi mbaraga twakoresha izuba kuko ntabwo ryishyuzwa. .<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/article/nyuma-y-imodoka-ikoresha-imirasire-y-izuba-bakoze-ipombo-izafasha-mu-kurwanya?fbclid=IwAR20cqI7O86R-K-oLBXG78skva4QyQEZWplYfgo-VG1AGj8HVb9TBQtj96g</ref> == Ipombo == [[Dosiye:PivotIrrigationOnCotton.jpg|thumb|kuhira]] [[Dosiye:SiphonTubes.JPG|thumb|ipompo]] Aba banyeshuri 10 bakoze ipombo ikoreshwa n’imirasire y’izuba nk’uko babigenza ; ni ipombo igabanya akazi kakorwaga n’umuhinzi cyangwa undi wese kuko byamusabaga gupombesha ukuboko kumwe, naho ukundi kukaba gufashe agatiyo ( aga tube ) kanyanyagiza umuti ku bihingwa. Bavuga ko babasha gukora ipombo nka mirongo itatu ku munsi kuko ibikoresho byose bikenerwa ngo zikorwe biboneka ku masoko yo mu [[Rwanda]] kandi bitwara nk’ibihumbi 60 by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ku ipombo imwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] jkjcw0994t3iwga6qj7vvkomiukjnfm 0 17106 138814 97616 2026-09-17T13:08:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138814 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:CERN Antimatter Factory 16.jpg|thumb|Uruganda rwa Aloys supply Campany rutunga kawunga rwasuwe n'abaterankunga .]] '''Aloys Supply company''' ni uruganda runini rutunganya akawunga mu bigoli ku buryo bugezweho hifashishijwe imashini zujuje ubuziranenge,  rukaba ruherereye mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|karere ka Rwamagana]] . <ref name=":0">https://umwezi.rw/?p=7972</ref> == Aho ruri == Uru rugaanda ruherereye muri zone y’inganda mu karere ka  rwamagana rufite imashini zigezweho zitoranya imyanda ishobora kuboneka mu bigori hadakoreshejwe abantu, ndetse no mu rwego rwo gukomeza guhesha agaciro ibikorerwa mu Rwanda, ndetse no kwishakamo ibisubizo .<ref name=":0" /> == Ibyo bakora == Aloys Supply company ni uru ruganda nini rumaze amezi agera kuri atanu, aho rutangiye gukora, umuyobozi warwo Ndayishimiye Paul avuga ko  biteguye gutanga serivise inogeye abakiriya , ibi bakazajya  babikora bubahiriza amasezerano bagirana nabo harimo kubaha ibiro byuzuye mu gihe hari abandi batuzuza ibiro .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] 3qk8gv9grvvhndb6ruwbfvlletky7mh 0 17114 138815 96386 2026-09-17T13:08:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Green Valley Investments''' ni campanyi y' abashoramari ba Green Valley bafite icyicaro mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Bakaba ari abanyamuryango b'imena ba Tradekey.com kuva muri Gicurasi, 2009. Bafite icyicaro muri Afrika yo hagati .<ref name=":0">https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/19/africa/kigali-buildings-silicon-valley-rwanda-spc-intl/index.html</ref><ref>https://rwandatrade.work/top-5-exporters-of-horticulture-products-in-rwanda/</ref> == Ubucuruzi == Green Valley Investments bakora ubucuruzi bukomeye aho bufitanye isano n'inganda z'ubuhinzi kandi bakora cyane m'ubuhinzi bujyanye n'imbuto. Nyamuneka shakisha ibicuruzwa byacu hepfo: bagurisha Mahogany nibindi nka Hardwoods. , bafite kugurisha imbaho ​​za Hardwood mahogany hafi imizigo 4 ya kontineri buri kwezi . Bagurisha kandi na Tapi, ndetse n'Umutobe w'imbuto .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] sld6qtln3gq23cxwcslmwpb1iy92b7v 0 17161 138690 109914 2026-09-17T12:22:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138690 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gatsibo district map.jpg|thumb|131x131px]] '''Gatsibo Agro Processing Plant''' ni Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2018 nibwo muri aka ka [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Karere ka Gatsibo]], hubatswe uruganda rutunganya umusaruro w’ibigori rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni zirenga 15 za kawunga ku munsi.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukungu/ubuhinzi-ubworozi/uruganda-rukora-kawunga-rwa-gatsibo-rwabaye-isoko-ryumusaruro-rushobora-gukora-toni-zirenga-15/</ref> == Uruganda == [[Dosiye:Cercis canadensis, 4, Redbud, Howard County, Md, 2018-05-17-14.53 (29612929157).jpg|thumb]] Gatsibo Agro Processing Plant ni uru ruganda rwa GAP ruherereye mu Murenge wa Rugarama, rukora ifu ya kawunga nziza yo mu by'iciro bibiri, iyo ku rwego rusanzwe ndetse n’iyisumbuyeho yitwa super. Ni uruganda rugizwe n’abanyamigabane babiri, uwambere yitwa '''Gatsibo Investment Group''' (naho usangamo andi makoperative), undi akitwa '''Gatsibo Grain Processing Cooperative'''. Muri rusange usangamo amakoperative y’abahinzi b’ibigori agera muri atanu, kandi hari koperative usangamo abanyamurango barenze ibihumbi 2,000 .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] l31q84rnk5h9iwjedqwec5hwpk91vcz 0 17162 138816 122167 2026-09-17T13:09:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138816 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (2021) E.jpg|thumb|BioNTech yo mu budange]] [[Dosiye:BioNTech logo.svg|thumb|BioNTech logo]] [[Dosiye:A child gets the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.png|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (2021) G.jpg|thumb|Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine ]] [[Dosiye:Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in Palestine 08.jpg|thumb|Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine ]] [[Dosiye:Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (2021) D.jpg|thumb|Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine ]] '''Uruganda rwa BioNTech''' ni uruganda rukomoka mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] mu [[burayi]] rukora inkingo, aho rwatangaye Kamena 2022 ari bwo hazatangizwa ibikorwa byo kubaka uru ruganda rukora inkingo mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni muri gahunda uru ruganda rufite n'ibihugu bya [[Afurika]] yo gukorera inkingo kuri uyu mugabane .<ref name=":0">https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Mu-minsi-mike-mu-Rwanda-haratangira-kubakwa-uruganda-rukora-inkingo</ref> == Uruganda == Uruganda rwa BioNTech ni uruganda biteganyijwe ko kiziba rwubatse mu cyanya cyahariwe inganda i Masoro mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]], abayobozi banyuranye baturutse mu Muryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe, Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi ndetse n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rwa OMS . [[Dosiye:Mainz.BioNTechSE.20200731.jpg|thumb|Uruganda Rwa BionTech]] == Ibikorwa == BioNTech ni ikigo cy’Abadage gifatanije na Pfizer cyo muri [[Amerika]] mu gukora rumwe mu nkingo zikoreshwa ku isi za Covid-19  rwa Pfizer. Uruganda aho ruzubakwa mu [[Rwanda]], ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora dose miliyoni 50 z’inkingo ku mwaka. Intego y'ubufatanye bwa BioNTech n'ibihugu bya Afurika, ni ugukorera inkingo muri Afurika hakanubakwa ubushobozi buhamye kandi burambye bwo kuzihakorera mu rwego rwo guteza imbere serivisi z'ubuvuzi kuri uyu mugabane. <ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} nxcw5o3n21e39l6zo7272hrj53xn9rj 0 17175 138655 109613 2026-09-17T12:14:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138655 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Uruganda rw'icyayi rwo ku mulindi.jpg|thumb|Icyicaro cy'uruganda rwa All City Rwanda Ltd .]] '''All City Rwanda Ltd''' ni ikigo cyangwa se uruganda ruri mpuzamahanga rukora ibikoresho byubaka. Rwabaye uruganda rukora kandi rutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye bigaragara ku isoko mu [[Rwanda]] kuva Ukwakira 2017 . <ref name=":0">https://www.jobinrwanda.com/employer/all-city-group</ref> == Ibikoresho == [[Dosiye:Cementera, Yura, Perú, 2015-08-01, DD 129-131 HDR.JPG|thumb]] All City Rwanda Ltd Kuva rwatangira imirimo y'ubwubatsi muri mwaka wa 2017, aho rukora ibikorsho bitandukanye nkaho, Imisumali ndetse n’ibyuma bikora ibisenge, amaferabeto n’ubundi bwoko bw’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bitandukanye , ubu rukora amabati yo mu gusakara yiganje mu bwoko bubiri; harimo ayo bita asanzwe ariyo Garvanized iron sheet na Aluminium n’ayitwa amabara ya Pre paint iron sheet hakabamo ay’ubwoko bwatatu nka Supercovers akoreshwa cyane ku nyubako z’amashuri n’insengero. Hari kandi evertile ari mu ishusho y’amategura yifashishwa mu gukora igisenge bigezweho kandi bikomeye nka ondule, tubes . <ref name=":0" /><ref>https://rushyashya.net/rwanda-uruganda-master-steel-limited-rwiyemeje-kugeza-ku-banyarwanda-ibikoresho-byubwubatsi-biramba-video/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] 246mtqkwtd70g683bwsb27f5lt69ogn 0 17186 138817 128056 2026-09-17T13:09:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138817 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Porter 1.jpg|thumb|Matela]] '''Uruganda rwa Relax Foam''' ni uru ruganda rukora matela mu [[Rwanda]], uruganda rukora matela ruherereye mu Murenge wa Jabana mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]], rufite ibice bibiri harimo ahakorerwa matela n’ahakorerwa amabati, igice gikorerwamo matela rero nicyo cyahiye bikomeye ahandi hahiye bidakanganye . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yawetv.com/2022/03/11/uruganda-rukora-matelad-relax-foam-rwafashwe-ninkongi-yumuriro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-19 |archive-date=2023-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619151328/https://yawetv.com/2022/03/11/uruganda-rukora-matelad-relax-foam-rwafashwe-ninkongi-yumuriro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://radiotv10.rw/kigali-uruganda-rwa-matela-rwafashwe-ninkongi-rurashya-rurakongoka-nibyarimo/</ref><ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/umutekano/article/gasabo-inkongi-y-umuriro-yafashe-uruganda-rukora-matela-hangirika-byinshi</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/03/431343/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-19 |archive-date=2023-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619151329/https://umuseke.rw/2022/03/431343/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umuriro == Uruganda rwa Relax Foam nibwo mu gitondo cyo wa Gatanu, tariki 11 Werurwe 2022, mu masaha ya saa kumi n’imwe, nibwo iyi nkongi hataramenyekana icyayiteye yafashe uru ruganda ruherereye mu Mudugudu wa Cyeyere, Akagari ka Akamatamu mu Murenge wa Jabana mu mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa kigali]] . <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] tbxfjrdifd9b82tm4nsmedg527cxq4d 0 17203 138729 96494 2026-09-17T12:31:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mountain Ceramic Campany Ltd''' ni [[uruganda]] ruri mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Karere ka Muhanga]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y'amajyepfo]], hari uruganda rw’amakaro rwuzuye rutwaye amafaranga asaga miliyari 28 z'[[Amafaranga y'u Rwanda|amafaranga yu Rwanda]], aho ruzatangira gusohora amakaro mu kwezi kwa Kanama 2023, aho ruzaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora metero kare hafi ibihumbi bine ku munsi .<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/muhanga-uruganda-rw-amakaro-ruzatwara-asaga-miliyari-28frw</ref> == Amakaro == Mountain Ceramic Campany Ltd ni uruganda rutunganya ibumba rukaribyaza amakaro ari mu buryo bwo gukora ishoramari rigezweho, aho wasangaga ububumbyi bw’amatafari gusa budatanga umusaruro ukenewe kuko ababikora batateraga imbere ku muvuduko ukenewe , rero uru ni uruganda ruzakoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora amakaro, rukaba ruzajya rukoresha hafi abakozi 300 ku munsi .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] 53dvnree7urnxr66h3ax6m6hq40nn4f 0 17218 138818 121948 2026-09-17T13:09:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138818 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2006-02-13 Drop-impact.jpg|thumb|Amazi]] [[Dosiye:Water drop impact on a water-surface - (2).jpg|thumb]] '''Perfect Water Limited''' ni uruganda nyarwanda rukora amazi yitwa Pecfect water, aho yatangiye ibikorwa byayo biri mu Rwanda  kuva muri 2012, aho yibanda mu gutunganya amazi ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyayungurura, ruherereye i bibare mu murenge wa remera mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|karere ka Gasabo]] mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]] .<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/rwanda-fda-yafunze-amashami-y-inganda-5-zikora-amazi-yo-kunywa</ref> [[Dosiye:Pure-water-resources-are-limited-HD-sreenshot.jpg|thumb|amazi]] == Amazi ya Parfect == Uruganda rwa Perfect water rukora amazi ya perfect water ubusanzwe isanzwe ifite icyangombwa cy’ubuziranenge yahawe n’Ikigo cyibishinzwe cya RSB, ndetse n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu kigenzura ibiribwa n’imiti Rwanda cyi twa FDA, Jibu Isanzwe ikorera mu bihugu birimo [[Kenya]], Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, [[Uburundi|Burundi]], Zambia, na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo]] .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/118519/harimo-jibu-aqua-na-iriba-rwanda-fda-yatangaje-inganda-7-zitunganya-amazi-zahagaritswe-zin-118519.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Amazi]] gqmaagyqt8mrn868hnbk1pc4obm5rsr 0 17226 138819 116022 2026-09-17T13:09:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138819 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:School child drinking water.jpg|thumb|Amazi ya '''Afritank Aquasan Ltd''']] [[Dosiye:Thomas Bresson - Creation-goutte-eau-redim (by).jpg|thumb|amazi|628x628px]] '''Afritank Aquasan Ltd''' ni uruganda nyarwanda rukora ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gutwara no kubika amazi meza cyangwa amazi y'imvura, aho rufiye ibigega binini, bihagije, niho rwazanye i bigega byarwo bizi nka Afritank , kuva mu 2010 yatangiye gukora impombo z’amazi yo kuhira imirima .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://menyanibi.rw/hatangijwe-afritank-christmas-bonanza-yatangije-poromosiyo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-20 |archive-date=2023-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620145145/https://menyanibi.rw/hatangijwe-afritank-christmas-bonanza-yatangije-poromosiyo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibikoresho == [[Dosiye:Amazi meza yo mw'ishamba c'imeza rya Kibira.jpg|left|thumb|amazi]] Afritank Aquasan Ltd ni uruganda rukorera mu Rwanda kuva muri Gicurasi 2003, rukora ibikoresho bitandukanye birimo ibitembo by'amazi, n’ibigega bya pulasitike bikoreshwa mu kubika amazi yaba mu ngo, mu bigo by’amashuri, amahoteli n’ahandi hari inyubako zakira abantu benshi . uhereye ku kigega cya litiro ibihumbi 10 cyashyizwe ku bihumbi 680 [[amafaranga y'u Rwanda]] .Uruganda rwa Aquasan rukorera mu cyanya cyahariwe inganda i Masoro ndetse rukaba rufite abaruhagarariye hirya no hino mu gihugu.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Amazi]] tlsw7fn3umu83x5q84zua6f59fip0xs 0 17349 138769 133432 2026-09-17T12:36:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukabunani Christine''' (yavutse 1972) avukira mu Rwanda , n'umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki uhagarariye ishyaka rya PS IMBERAKURI mu nteko ishinga amategeko yu Rwanda mu mutwe wa abadepite mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.amakuruki.com/tag/christine-mukabunani</ref> == Amashuri yize == Mukabunani Christine afite icyiro cy' akamunuza mu ishami ry'icungamari yakuye ibukavu .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles?tx_news_pi1%5B%40widget_0%5D%5BcurrentPage%5D=2&cHash=ede8f376b5287b7a3348df5228671962 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-10 |archive-date=2023-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905070432/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles?tx_news_pi1%5B%40widget_0%5D%5BcurrentPage%5D=2&cHash=ede8f376b5287b7a3348df5228671962 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Depite Mukabunani Christine akaba ari umuyobozi w’ishyaka rushyashya rya PS Imberakuri, aravuga ati " abageni bazajya bananirwa gufata indahiro mu mutwe bagiye gusezerana imbere y'inzego z'umurenge mu mategeko, bazajya basibizwa bakazagaruka gusezerana mu matefeko ubutaha " avugako bagomba kwigisha buri bageni bose maze bagafata mu mutwe iriya ndahiro bavuga mu mategeko .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://byoseonline.rw/abantu-bakwiye-kumenya-ko-iriya-ndahiro-atari-iyo-gukinirwaho-depite-yasabiye-ibihano-abananirwa-gusubiramo-indahiro-igihe-basezerana-imbere-yamategeko/?fbclid=IwAR04v09kZghRR72kmix31tfkMRhMMCmjxg_fY9PlqrUPD_yy27kymHDMUGM |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-10 |archive-date=2023-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810232614/https://byoseonline.rw/abantu-bakwiye-kumenya-ko-iriya-ndahiro-atari-iyo-gukinirwaho-depite-yasabiye-ibihano-abananirwa-gusubiramo-indahiro-igihe-basezerana-imbere-yamategeko/?fbclid=IwAR04v09kZghRR72kmix31tfkMRhMMCmjxg_fY9PlqrUPD_yy27kymHDMUGM |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == * Kuva 2018- kugeza ubu umudepite mu nteko ishinga amategeko * Kuva 2010- 2018: umukozi wa Tally muri MAGERWA Ltd * Kuva 2000-2010: Mwarimu mu ishuri ry'isumbuye == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko ishinga amategeko]] t0gmrwzlv00lkjafj1jwp1dyn5x9d30 0 17454 138899 127750 2026-09-17T21:13:43Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138899 wikitext text/x-wiki Izina 'Kigali' ni [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u Rwanda , ni umujyi wuje isuku n'iterambere kuruta indi migi yose yo mu Rwanda. <ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/menya-inkomoko-y-izina-kigali-umurwa-mukuru-w-u-rwanda</ref> === Inkomoko y'izina Kigali === Iri zina ry'umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda rikomoka ku musozi wa Kigali uzwi nka "Mont Kigali" hagati y'ikinyejana cya 14 na 15 ku ngoma y'umwami Kigeli Mukobanya.<ref name=":0" /> Uyu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda kuva wahangwa kugeza nubu wagiye waguka yaba mu kongera ibikorwa remezo ndetse no kwagura ibice biwugize.<ref name=":0" /> Umusozi wa " Mont Kigali" uherereye ahahoze ari ahu u Bugesera uwitwa Cyilima Rugwe yahatuye ashaka kwiyenza ku [[mwami]] Nsoro Bihembe w'u Bugesera ngo amutere.<ref name=":0" /> Kugoma ya Kigeli Mukobanya nibwo Abanyoro bari bafite ubwami bukomeye cyane muri aka gace bikoze mu gitero cyabo cya mbere, batera u Rwanda banyuze mu Ndorwa y'iburasirazuba ntawe ubakoma imbere bahinguka mu Bwanacyambwe.<ref name=":0" /> Icyo gihe umwami wabo Nkuba ya Nyabakonjo abaha inzira buhanya bagana ku ngoro y'umwami yari Intora ahazwi nko ku Gisozi ubu, Ingoro y'umwami barayitwika. Urugamba rusakirana ubwo, kugera u Rwanda rutsinze Abanyoro.<ref name=":0" /> Umwami Mukobanya wari ufite imitwe y'ingabo zizi kurwana, yakomeje kurwara inzika Ubwanacyambwe, kuko bwahaye inzira ingabo z'Abanyoro zigatera u Rwanda. Afata imiheto yambarira urugamba aragenda atera umwami w'UUbwanacyambwe witwaga Nkuba ya Nyabakonjo wari utuye mu Giporoso ahahoze sale Mator nuko aramwica ingoma y'Ubwanacyambwe yigarurirwa ityo.<ref name=":0" /> Mugutanga izina Kigali Mukobanya yaraje ahagarara ku gasongero ku umusozi wa Kigali aho yari yitegeye Uburiza bwigaruriwe ns Se Cyilima Rugwe areba igice cya Gasabo ya kera noneho areba umurambi w'i Bwnacyambwe bwose aho uhera kuri Mont Kigali, ukambuka Kicukiro ugafata Nyarugenge ugafata na [[Rwamagana Solar Power Station|Rwamagana]] y'iburasirazuba aravuga ati cya gihugu ntabwo kikiri icy'imisozi irindwi ahubwo noneho cyabaye "Kigali" kuva icyo gihe umusozi uhakura iryo zina witwa Kigali cya Bwanacyambwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro: == gwkq9xikiydb686qsrpdjpp164kts5p 0 17490 138830 101400 2026-09-17T13:10:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138830 wikitext text/x-wiki Cleophas Barore ni umuynyamakuru w'umunyarwanda akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo cy'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/impinduka-mu-buyobozi-rubingisa-na-barore-bahawe-inshingano-nshya</ref> <ref>https://bwiza.com/?Barore-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-RBA-Arthur-Asiimwe-yasimbuye-yoherezwa-i-Washington</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Clephas Barore yakoze umuwuga w'iangazamakuru akorera ORINFOR ari yo yaje guhinduka ikigo cy'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru kizwi ku izina rya RBA ubu yamenyekanye cyane no mu kiganiro cyitwa "makuru ki binyamakuru".<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-munyamakuru-cleophas-barore-wamamaye-muri-makuru-ki-mu-binyamakuru</ref> yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|karere ka Gicumbi]] yiga amashuri yisumbuye muri IFAK, aza no kuba umupasiteri mu itorero rya ADEPR. <ref name=":0" /> Barore ni umugabo wubatse ufite umugore.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} eq6r77mcztmc6fjlq6qqot1utprsf43 0 17500 138843 137805 2026-09-17T13:33:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138843 wikitext text/x-wiki == Claudette Nsengimana == == Biographie == Claudette Nsengimana (yavutse muri Gicurasi 1997 i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]) ni umunyarwandakazi wahoze ari umunyamakuru wa Radio na Televiziyo, umujyanama mu by’imitekerereze, [https://www.youtube.com/@ClaudetteNSENGIMANA umuhanga w’ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi]. Azwi cyane ku bw'akazi ke nk'umunyamakuru kuri Isango Star no ku bw'ikiganiro cye cyamamaye cyitwa "Inama y'umunsi," kigamije kugira inama ku mibanire y'abantu, iby’ingo, n’impanuro z'ubuzima bwa buri munsi.<ref group=" https://www.youtube.com/@ClaudetteNSENGIMANA">https://www.youtube.com/@ClaudetteNSENGIMANA</ref> == Ubuzima bw'Amashuri n'Uburezi == Nsengimana yavukiye kandi arererwa i [[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Yize amashuri makuru muri [https://mkur.ac.rw/ Kaminuza ya Mount Keny]a ishami rya Kigali, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu Itangazamakuru. == Umwuga == Nsengimana yatangiye umwuga mu itangazamakuru muri Gicurasi 2017 ubwo yinjiraga muri Isango Star nk'umunyamakuru wa radiyo na televiziyo. Uburyo bwe bwo gutanga ibiganiro n'ubushishozi mu by'ibibazo by'abaturage bwatumye aba ijwi ry’ingenzi mu itangazamakuru ry'u Rwanda. Mu gihe yari muri Isango Star, Nsengimana yatangije "Inama y'umunsi," ikiganiro cyatumye azamuka mu izina kubera ibiganiro bihuza abantu ku bijyanye n’imibanire. Uku kwamamara kw'iki kiganiro kwaje kugaragaza ubushobozi bwe mu bijyanye no kugira inama, bituma atangira gukunda umwuga w’ubujyanama. Yakurikije iyi mpano nshya, Nsengimana yerekeje muri Mexique mu mwaka wa 2021 kwiga icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza muri Psychologie. Iki cyiciro cy’amashuri cyatangiye urugendo rwe nk'umujyanama mu by'imibanire n'abantu bakundana n'ubuzima busanzwe. Hirya y’umwuga we nk’umujyanama, Nsengimana yarigaragaje nk'umuhanga muby'urukundo, ahanini agamije gutanga inama mu mibanire n’iterambere rya buri muntu. Yagize uruhare runini mu bitangazamakuru bitandukanye aho akomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kugira inama abantu benshi. == Ubuzima bwite == Nsengimana yabashije kugira ibanga ubuzima bwe bwite. Amakuru yerekeye umuryango we cyangwa iby’inyungu ze bwite hanze y’umwuga we ntibyatangajwe. == Uruhare n'Icyubahiro == Nubwo ibihembo n'icyubahiro ntibyavuzweho by'umwihariko, uruhare rwa Nsengimana mu bantu yumvisha no mu bakiriya be, cyane cyane binyuze mu "Inama y'umunsi," byatumye aba umujyanama wizewe n'umunyamakuru w'icyamamare. == Imiyoboro y'Ikoranabuhanga == Profil ya LinkedIn Konti ya Instagram Paji ya Facebook Uruyoboro rwa YouTube == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} "Claudette NSENGIMANA - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. Isango Star, "Home - Isango Star 91.5 Inyenyeri imurikira rubanda". Isango Star. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. "Kaminuza ya Mount Kenya – Gutanga ubumenyi mu iterambere ry'ibisekuru". Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. "Claudette NSENGIMANA - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. Nsengimana, Claudette. "Claudette Nsengimana Linkedin". "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. "Claudette NSENGIMANA - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Yavanyweho 2023-12-31. q40qer1xpn1kwvjdnrnd5pm7fosd23l 0 17504 138691 101418 2026-09-17T12:22:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138691 wikitext text/x-wiki Lt Col Richard karasira yazamuwe mu ntera na perezida paul Kagame agirwa colonel ndetse akaba ari numuvugizi wa Apr fc akaba yaratangajwe nkumuvugizi wayo kuri 23 Kamena 2023 akaba ariwe watangije gahunda yo gukinisha abanyamahanga muri apr fc. <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/chairman-wa-apr-fc-yazamuwe-mu-ntera-agirwa-colonel</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} nwutc03qaiiaq2ct76kvq5g91nmjsea 0 17526 138921 137864 2026-09-18T11:54:24Z Elysee 2006 17908 Ihinduranyandiko 138921 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NESA (National Examination and School Inspection Authority)''' ni ikigo cya Leta cyeguriwe ubuyobozi bwite mu Rwanda, gikorera munsi y'ikigo cya Ministeri y'Uburezi (MINEDUC). Yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2020 ifite inshingano zo kugenzura ireme ry'uburezi no kuyobora ibizamini bya Leta.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/12/national-examination-program-goes-to-newly-formed-nesa/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} susosuwp28tjxul74b3tnbe9iqi5dz7 0 17530 138831 114154 2026-09-17T13:10:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138831 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Arton125698-30a93.jpg|thumb|Ifoto yerekana neza<ref><nowiki>http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igihe-yahembwe-nk-igitangazamakuru-gikunzwe-gikorera-kuri-internet-ku-nshuro-ya</nowiki></ref>|374x374px]] == Ibihembo == Poul RUTIKANGA yatwaye igikombe cyitw Rwanda Development journalism kuberako yahize abandi mu binyamakuru murwanda uru byakunzwe<ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igihe-yahembwe-nk-igitangazamakuru-gikunzwe-gikorera-kuri-internet-ku-nshuro-ya</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} gzfvg38muvf5bjncxw1fle13r3tzp7z 0 17554 138844 128043 2026-09-17T13:33:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138844 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Handicapped Accessible sign.svg|thumb|Ikimenyetso cyerekana abafite ubumuga bw'ingingo|139x139px]] Abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva cyangwa ubumuga bwo kutavuga baba babayeho mubuzima twitako bugoye == Ibyo Twamenya == [[Dosiye:International Symbol for Deafness.svg|thumb|136x136px|Ikimenyetso cyerekana ubumuga bwo kutumva]] [[Dosiye:Persons Living with Disability in Ghana at the Global Disability Summit co-hosted in Ghana.jpg|thumb|153x153px|bamwe mubafite ubumuga]] Abafite ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe benshi baba bayeho bandagaye hirya no hino mu mihanda ibyo ni ibimenyetso bigaragaza kuba ba bayeho m'ubuzima butitaweho kuburyo usanga sosiyete cyangwa imiryango yabo bakomokamo ibayarabashize mumuhezo baratawe kumuhanda batagira aho baba bibera kumihanda, Iyo habaye ubana n'umuryango mugihe afashwe agize ikibazo abenshi baboherwa mumirango yabo .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Muhanga-Abafite-ubumuga-bwo-mu-mutwe-baracyafite-ibibazo-bibugarije</ref>Kubantu bafite ubumuga bw'ubugufi bukabije akenshi abantu bakomeza kumubona nk'Umwana aho baba bakomeza kumubona nk'umuntu utagira umuryango kuburyo bamubona atwite bakabyumva nkaho yahohotewe batatekerezako kubwe yaba yabigizemo uruhare rwiwe.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abafite-ubumuga-ntibahabwa-serivisi-z-ubuzima-bw-imyororokere-uko-babyifuza</ref> [[Dosiye:Noun_Wheelchair_Racing_Luis_2135373.svg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Disability_symbols.svg|thumb|Disability symbols]] === Kubujyanye n'Imyororokere kubafite ubumuga === [[Dosiye:Washington School for the Deaf, entrance mural, July 2020.jpg|thumb|bumwe muburyo abafite ubumuga bwo kutavuga bakoresha mugutanga ubutumwa|137x137px]] Abana b'abakobwa bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kuvuga usanga babayeho bagorwa no kuba bamenya k'ubuzima bwabo bw'imyororokere k'uburyo byafasha mukwongera imbaraga mu kwiga bigishwa ururimi rw'amarenga kandi ibyo bika byaba ingenzi cyane mugihe ururimi rwaba ruzwi neza kuvugwa nababyeyi b'abana bafite ubumuga bwokutumva no kuvuga,mugihe baba bataruzi bakarwiga kugira ngo babe bafasha abana babo mubuzima bw'imyororokere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/10/abatumva-ntibavuge-bagorwa-no-kubona-amakuru-yubuzima-bwimyororokere/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-15 |archive-date=2024-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115154957/https://umuseke.rw/2023/10/abatumva-ntibavuge-bagorwa-no-kubona-amakuru-yubuzima-bwimyororokere/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima Bwabana]] basg1ltajt7xtxyx1dgk6j38z6za7h4 0 17555 138641 117134 2026-09-17T12:11:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138641 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1983.svg|thumb|ndayisaba avuka mugihugu cyurwanda mumujyi wakigali]] '''Ndayisaba Leonidas''' ufite imyaka 39, ni umugabo w ubatse urugo ufite [[umugore]] n [[abana]]. Ndayisaba Leonidas yize itangazamakuru muri Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/imikino-59301727</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/178864/Sports/leonidas-ndayisaba-undeterred-by-visual-impairment-in-his-sports-reporting-career</ref> == RADIYO Yakoreye == [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|thumb|Kaminuza y'u Rwanda aho Leonidas yize]] Ndayisaba Leonidas yakoreye amaradiyo agiye atandukanye mu rwanda nkaho yakoreye radiyo Salus ya kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda, radiyo City Radio, Voice of Africa hamwe na Isango Star ndetse na Flach Fm Rwanda kuva muri 2008 . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 3bc2ajgpkh9gl9atn4118qw6m9xxxuk 0 17562 138839 127998 2026-09-17T13:33:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138839 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Teaching a deaf-mute to talk. Training School for Deaf Mutes. See 4843-4851. LOC nclc.05255.jpg|thumb|186x186px|Teaching a deaf-mute to talk. Training School for Deaf Mutes]] '''Media for Deaf Rwanda''' ni umuryango ushinzwe guteza imbere uburezi bw'abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kuvuga . == Ibyo Twamenya kuri Media for Deaf Rwanda == [[Dosiye:International Symbol for Deafness.svg|thumb|Ikimenyetso kigaragaza ubumuga bwo kutumva|173x173px]] '''Media for Deaf Rwanda''' ni umuryango uteza imbere uburezi bw'abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kuvuga, Ni umuryango wifatanya n'bana kwizihihiza kwizihiza umusi mpuzamahanga ngaruka mwaka w'abafite ubumuga bwokutumva no kuvuga mukuwizihiza ahagiye hatandukanye hirya no hino muturere twigihugu ni umusi mpuzamahanga uba kuri taliki 19 muri Nzeri. <ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114322/bazishyura-umusemuzi-miss-rwanda-izafasha-iki-uwimana-ufite-ubumuga-nagera-mu-mwiherero-114322.html</ref>Umuhuzabikorwa muri '''Media for Deaf Rwanda''' avuga uburyo bishimiye intambwe yatewe n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kuvuga ko imyumvire yabo yahindutse mukwitambwa kwabo bitandukanye nuko byari bimeze mbere, bamwe mubafite ubwo bumuga basaba Leta ko yakongera ubukangurambaga bwo kwita kubafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kuvuga.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/10/mu-nzego-za-leta-hari-icyuho-cyabakozi-batazi-gukoresha-ururimi-rwamarenga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-16 |archive-date=2024-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116120304/https://umuseke.rw/2022/10/mu-nzego-za-leta-hari-icyuho-cyabakozi-batazi-gukoresha-ururimi-rwamarenga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibindi wamenya === [[Dosiye:Hellen Keller in Tel Aviv Deaf Club 1952.jpg|thumb|176x176px|bamwe mubafite ubumuga]] [[Dosiye:Deaf and Dump Cricket Qatar -3.jpg|thumb|173x173px|Ikipe yabafite ubumuga bwo kutumva]] Imbogamizi ziracyahari urebye k'ubuzima bwabafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kuvuga biracyasa nkaho bigoye kubera ikibazo cyo kumvikana mu guhanahana amakuru na baba barikumwe kubijyanye nuko kubavuga ururimi rwamarenga rutaramenya na bose bakiri bamwe na bamwe baruzi rukaba rutarasakara, Usanga bishima akenshi mugihe bari kwishuri cyangwa barikumwe nabagenzi babo gusa bigaruka bikongera bikabagora iyo bageze muri sosiyete cyangwa mugiturage aho batuye bikaba bibagoye bitakiboroheye. I<ref name=":0" />cyiza nuko hari gushirwamo imbaraga mukwigisha ururimi rwamarenga ibyo bizafasha kubona serivisi zitandukanye abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kuvuga. Umujyanama mu Muryango wa abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kuvuga avuga ko kuba ntabakozi bazi gusemura ururimi rwamarenga mu nzego zitandukanye za Leta mu kuvuga no gutanga amakuru ahagije ajyanye n'ubuzima, impamvu yatumye bahuza abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kuvuga nabadafite ubwo bumuga ari ukugira ngo bongere kuzamura ijwi babwira inzego zibishinzwe ko ntabakozi bafite bazi urwo rurirmi rwamarenga.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 2kp8lh7hpoh4omajod1k7ief3o8g6kn 0 17594 138840 118823 2026-09-17T13:33:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138840 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:040912 - Brad Ness - 3b - 2012 Summer Paralympics.jpg|thumb|NPC]] '''NPC RWANDA''' (National Paralympic Committee of Rwanda) ishyirahamwe ryatangiye muri 2001, ubwo hari imikino y’abafite ubumuga butandukanye yatangizwaga mu Rwanda. == Amateka == [[Rwagasana Cesar]] ni we wahagarariye u Rwanda mu mikino yabitabiye imikino bwa mbere, y’abamugaye ingingo yabereye i Sydney muri Australia ho muri 2000. Akaba yarakinnye mu cyiciro cyo koga, gusa iyi mikino yari itaratangira mu Rwanda. gusa nyuma yimyaka itatu nibwo muri 2004 nibwo abanyarwanda bishyize hamwe mu Rwanda, maze bazana umudali wa feza mu mikino Olempike ya bamugaye yabereye Athene mu Bugiriki. icyo gihe uwitwa [[Nkundabera Jean de Dieu]] akaba yarabaye uwa gatatu mu kwiruka metero ahareshya na metero 800.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/inama-yintekorusange-isanzwe-yabafite-ubumuga-mu-rwanda-npc-yemeje-ko-murema-jean-babptiste-yongera-kuyiyobora-mu-gihe-cyindi-myaka-ine-iri-imbere/</ref> == Imidali == Rwagasana Cesar ni we wahagarariye u Rwanda mu mikino yabitabiye imikino bwa mbere, y’abamugaye ingingo yabereye i Sydney muri Australia ho muri 2000. Akaba yarakinnye mu cyiciro cyo koga, gusa iyi mikino yari itaratangira mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/npc-rwanda-mu-byishimo-by-intambwe-yateye-mu-myaka-15-imaze-ibayeho</ref> [[Muvunyi Hermas]] yaje kwegukana umudali wa zahabu aho yirukaga muri metero 800, hakaba hari muri shampiyona y’Isi yabereye i Lyon, mugihugu cyu [[Bufaransa]].<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 3sym7ggb5i5i3nkfzsmrprxlz1qddt5 0 17610 138845 101783 2026-09-17T13:34:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138845 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu [[Rwanda]] abafite ubumuga babangamirwa n'Abantu bakibita amazima bakabatera kwiyumva nkabambuwe ubumuntu. == Ntibavuga bavuga mu kwita kubantu bafite ubumuga == Hari Umuntu ubona ufite ubumuga akibonera ubumuga aho kubona ubushobozi afite ugasanga amarangamutima yiwe arayerekeza ku bumuga mbere ya byose. Imvugo zigomba gukoreshwa zidapfobya abafite ubumuga. Ntibavuga igicucu,igihone,ikijibwe,ikirimarima,ikiburaburyo,igihwene,ikigoryi,ikimara, ikiburabwenge,zezenge,icyontazi,umusazi, bavuga Umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. <ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abantu-bafite-ubumuga-bababazwa-no-kuba-hari-abakibita-amazina-abambura-ubumuntu</ref>Ntibavuga ikimuga,kamuga,ikirema,kajorite,karema,igicumba,utera isekuru,kaguru,sekaguru,muguruwakenya,terigeri,kagurumoya,kaboko,mukonomoya,rukuruzi bavuga Umuntu ufite ubumuga bw'ingingo. Nukuvuga ngo ntibavuga ikimuga,uwamugaye,ntibavuga ubana n'ubumuga cyangwa ugendana n'ubumuga,bavuga Umuntu ufite ubumuga. Ntibavuga impumyi,maso,gashaza,ruhuma,miryezi,bavuga Umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo kutabo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/134297/abafite-ubumuga-bwo-kutabona-barasaba-guhabwa-agaciro-mu-nsengero-134297.html</ref> == Ibindi Wamenya == Ntibavuga nyamweru,umweru,ibishamweru,umuzungu wapfubye bavuga Umuntu ufite ubumuga bw'uruhu rwera. Ntibavuga kanyonjo,gatosho cyangwa gatuza bavuga Umuntu ufite ubumuga bw'inyonjo. Ntibavuga igikuri,gikuri cyangwa gasongo,nzovu,zakayo,gasyukuri,kirogarama bavuga Umuntu ufite ubugufi budasanzwe. Kandi haracyagaragara abima akazi abafite ubumuga usanga babafata nkabadashoboye urebye ufite ubumuga bakamubonamo ubumuga aho kumubonamo ubushobozi.<ref name=":0" /> U [[Rwanda]] rurigutera imbere muri gahunda yokurinda no kubungabunga uburenganzira bw'abantu bafite ubumuga binyuze mumpinduka zitandukanye zagiye zikorwa. Ibarura rusange ry'abaturage ryo mu mwaka wa 2022 ry'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ibarurishamibare ryagaragajeko abantu bafite ubumuga mu [[Rwanda]] ari 391.775.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abanyarwanda-3-4-bafite-ubumuga-inzira-iracyari-ndende-mu-burezi-bwabo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima Bwabana]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] i3jrc8e0ftwd9e7e8kwt2wy2vmqo5bg 0 18050 138820 120213 2026-09-17T13:09:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138820 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gucuranga inanga.jpg|thumb|Iningiri]] [[Dosiye:Iningiri.jpg|thumb|345x345px|iningiri]] '''Iningiri''' ni igicurangisho cyo mu muco nyarwanda kitaracika, abana, abakuru, abasaza baracyacuranga iningiri ndetse n’imiduri, hari ikizere iyo ubonye abana bamwe bagifata imiduri n’inanga bagakora mu nganzo bakaririmba. Umwe ni HABIMANA Emmanuel wiga i Nyanza, aho yagaragaje ubuhanga bukomeye mu gucuranga inanga, yahigaga abandi bana bagera kuri 25 mu marushanwa yateguwe na Search for Common Ground agamije kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro, yaberaga i Nyanza, wiga mu mwaka wa gatanu mu kigo cya St Esprit I .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/9157.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-19 |archive-date=2024-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319124614/https://ar.umuseke.rw/9157.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uko Ikoreshwa == Iningiri ikozwe mu migozi ingiye inyuranyuranamo ndetse n'igiti cy'urubaho, ndetse n'igikombe ahagana hepfo aho, ifata ku mubiri w'umuntu.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umwihariko-wa-niyigena-watojwe-gucuranga-iningiri-na-ntamukunzi-video</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/umurage/Akora-iningiri-akanazicuranga-kubera-kubura-ikindi-akora</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] 4t4gzcdfb6nddafpy07say7y2l014im 0 18177 138617 104178 2026-09-17T12:07:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138617 wikitext text/x-wiki Dative Kayitesi ni umuyobozi w' akarere ka Rutsiro, akaba umunyapolitike w' umunyarwandakazi akande numwe mu bayobozi b' uturere bakiri bato, kumyaka 39 yatorewe kuyobora akarere. <ref>https://igihe.com/politiki/article/urugendo-rwa-meya-kayitesi-umwe-mu-bato-bafite-inzozi-ndende-muri-politiki</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == Kayitesi Dative yabaye umuhuzabikorwa w' inama y' igihugu y' abagore kurwego rw' intara y' uburengerazuba, yabaye umuyobozi mu ishami ry' imari muri IPRC Karongi. <ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/article/akarere-ka-karongi-kamaze-kumenya-aho-abana-bako-ibihumbi-12-bagwingiye</ref> == Amashuri == KAYITESI Dative nk' umunyarwanda yize amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye ndetse yiga kaminuza aho yize ibyerekeye n' icungamari. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 7m7a3ld8yaccshdkua1oxy2i9lmnm9m 0 18186 138601 136088 2026-09-17T12:05:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138601 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kivumbi king.jpg|thumb|333x333px|ifoto igaragaza kivumbi<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/126504/kivumbi-king-yashyize-hanze-amashusho-yindirimbo-keza-yafatiye-i-bujumbura-video-126504.html#google_vignette</ref>]] '''KIVUMBI King''' ni umuhanzi w'umunyarwanda<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/134666/gen-z-comedy-umuhanzi-kivumbi-king-yashinze-agati-ku-ngorane-itsikamira-umuziki-we-134666.html</ref> wavutse tariki 26 Ukuboza 1998 akaba ari umwe mu baraperi bagezweho mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kivumbi-king-ategerejwe-mu-gitaramo-kimwe-na-konshens</ref> == Ibigwi bye mu muziki == Kivumbi King ni umuhanzi w'umunyarwanda umenyerewe mu njyana ya Hip Hop y'u Rwanda<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kivumbi-akubutse-i-burayi-aho-yakomereje-ubushakashatsi-kuri-richard-kandt</ref>, akaba ari n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/134666/gen-z-comedy-umuhanzi-kivumbi-king-yashinze-agati-ku-ngorane-itsikamira-umuziki-we-134666.html</ref>, byongeyeho kandi akaba ari n'umusizi ukora imivugo. Kivumbi King ni umushakashatsi utarabigize umwuga aho abikora agamije kugira amakuru ahagije ku muntu runaka bijyanye n'igihangano yakoze cyangwa yenda gukora. Aha twavuga nk'ubushakashatsi aheruka gukora kuri [https://visitrwanda.com/interests/kandt-house-museum/ Richard Kandt] ufatwa nk'uwahanze [[umujyi wa Kigali]], yari amaze no gukoraho umuvugo yise '''"More about Richard Kandt"''' yakoranye na Kaya Free<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kivumbi-akubutse-i-burayi-aho-yakomereje-ubushakashatsi-kuri-richard-kandt</ref>.Kivumbi King yitabiriye kandi igitaramo cyiswe "'''Blankets&Wine'''" cyabereye muri [[Uganda]] mu mujyi wa Kampala kuwa 17 [[Ukuboza]] 2023, aho yahuriye n'umuhanzi w'icyamamare mu muziki wa Jamaica Garfied Spence wabaye ikirangirire ku izina rya Konshens. Uyu muhanzi Kivumbi King kandi afite indirimbo zirimo '''"Captain"''' yakoranye na A Pass uri mu bahanzi bafite izina muri [[Uganda]], '''"Wine, Keza"''' n'izindi nyinshi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kivumbi-king-ategerejwe-mu-gitaramo-kimwe-na-konshens</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 0omkqzw2mjnc5d88m0j8weiygk3xl84 0 18191 138692 116928 2026-09-17T12:22:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138692 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Guantanamo Bay Gazette, 2006-04-28.pdf|thumb|Dj Alisha]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|dj alisha numunyarwandakazi yavukiye muruyu mujyi wa kigali]] Dj Alishi ni umunyarwandakazi ukorera akazi ke mu gihugu cya [[Uganda]], akaba ari umukobwa w'iyambazwa mu banyamuzika i kampala.DJ Alisha akaba acuranga mu tubyiniriro dutandukanye mu mugi wa Kampala, Haba radio cyangwa se televiziyo muri icyo gihugu .<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amafoto-y-umunyarwandakazi-dj-alisha-yasize-umugani-muri-uganda</ref> Dj Alisha akaba ari we watumye umugore uzwi w'umugande witwa Zari Hassan atandukana n'umugabo we Shakib Lutaaya . <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umunyarwandakazi-dj-alisha-aravugwa-kuba-imbarutso-yo-gutandukana-kwa-zari-n</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 3zdw9np2o5rktxq8xuhh53glubox4zt 0 18218 138846 128004 2026-09-17T13:34:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138846 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Volleyball game.jpg|thumb|Umukino w'amaboko wa volleyball, Denyse akina|363x363px]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|yavukiye mumujyi wa kigali muri nyarugenge]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|numunyarwandakazi yavukiye mumujyi wa kigali]] Mukamana Denyse ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko. Mukamana Denyse yakiniye ikipe ya [[APR VC|APR VFC]] mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Denyse yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya volleyball I tegurwa [[FRVB]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe rya Volleyball mu Rwanda]] , ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na [[Rwanda Revenue Authority|RRA]], [[Rwanda Revenue Authority]]. Mukamana Denyse yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampiyona ya league mu mukino wa volleyball y'[[Umugore|abagore]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/117268/apr-woman-volleyball-club-irahagurukana-abakinnyi-14-yerekeje-mu-mikino-ya-champions-leagu-117268.html</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/ni-iki-cyaba-cyatumye-apr-vc-yirukana-umutoza-mutabazi-elie</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/volleyball-amakipe-yo-mu-rwanda-yatangiye-neza-imikino-ya-zone-5</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/11/volleyball-zone-v-amakipe-abiri-yu-rwanda-yageze-ku-mukino-wa-nyuma/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-07 |archive-date=2024-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407150752/https://umuseke.rw/2023/11/volleyball-zone-v-amakipe-abiri-yu-rwanda-yageze-ku-mukino-wa-nyuma/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] 7mgbtmz1iiifglb3p64nobb4f0kjv75 0 18323 138642 104733 2026-09-17T12:11:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138642 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Logan joe.jpg|thumb|<ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bw-umunyamideli-linda-wigaruriye-umutima-w-umuraperi-logan-joe-amafoto</ref>ifoto ya Logan]] Umuraperi ukunzwe cyane n'abatari bake mu Rwanda uzwi kw'izina rya Logan joe akomeje kwigarurira imitama yabanyarwanda kandi akabazwi nkaho abarizwa mwitsinda rya Trapish kubera gukorana na [[Ish kevin]] byahafi.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bw-umunyamideli-linda-wigaruriye-umutima-w-umuraperi-logan-joe-amafoto</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ontrz5zwu587croyu6do3lzeydjvc75 0 18407 138738 137121 2026-09-17T12:32:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138738 wikitext text/x-wiki Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Polisi y’u Rwanda rya Gishari (PTS) ni rimwe mu mashuri ya Polisi y’u Rwanda. Ryatangiye mu mwaka wa 2000 nyuma gato y’ishingwa rya Polisi y’u Rwanda, riherereye mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, mu Karere ka Rwamagana, Umurenge wa Gishari, Akagari ka Bwinsanga, Umudugudu wa Shaburondo. Mu koroshya itangwa ry’amahugurwa, ishuri rya polisi y’u Rwanda rya Gishari rigabanyijemo amashami ane; Ishami ry’amahugurwa y’ibanze ya polisi ritanga amahugurwa ku basivili baba binjijwe muri polisi bagasoza amahugurwa bari ku rwego rw’abapolisi bato bagahabwa ipeti rya Police Constable. Hari ishami ry’amahugurwa yo ku rwego rw’abofisiye bato binyuze mu ikosi rya ‘Cadet’ ritoza abapolisi bo ku rwego rw’abofisiye barimo abasanzwe bari mu mirimo ndetse n’abakinjira muri polisi y’Igihugu, bagahabwa ipeti rya rya AIP (Assistant Inspector of Police) nyuma yo gusoza amahugurwa. Police yu Rwanda igira uruhare mwiterambere nimibereho myiza yabaturage aho yubakira atishoboye nibindi...,aho twavuga aho yubakiye inzu yokubamo umuturage witwa Mahundaza coltilda ifite agaciro ka million enye zamafaranga yu Rwanda ndetse nibindi ikorera abaturage<ref>https://police.gov.rw/home/police-schools/police-training-school-gishari/</ref> ==== intego yaryo nyamukuru ni u ==== Kubaka ubushobozi n’ubumenyi bw’abakozi mu kugira uruhare mu bijyanye n’umutekano == Indanga gaciro ziranga abapolisi == * Abakozi b’Ishuri ry’amahugurwa rya Polisi rya Gishari bagendera ku ndangagaciro zikurikira: * - Ubutabera no kubaha ikiremwamuntu * - Uburenganzira, * - Imyitwarire ya kinyamwuga * - Ubwangamugayo no gutanga serivisi nziza * - Gukorera hamwe == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} https://police.gov.rw/rw/ahabanza/amashuri-ya-polisi/ishuri-ryigisha-abapolisi-gishari/ * * ohcgmh6cd85vpc28c42l3e4zcwc7jzj 0 18529 138789 136768 2026-09-17T12:57:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138789 wikitext text/x-wiki Ish Kevin yagizwe umuraperi wa mbere mwiza wo mu [[Rwanda]] w’icyumweru ku isi yose na Radiyo yo mu [[Bufaransa]] yitwa Mouv’, iri mu zikomeye muri iki gihugu giherereye ku mugabane w’u [[Burayi]].<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/akari-ku-mutima-wa-ish-kevin-wagizwe-umuraperi-wa-mbere-ku-isi-na-radiyo</ref> Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] yahawe uyu mwanya asimbuye Olamide wo muri Nigeria wari uherutse gutorwa n’iyi radiyo, mu kiganiro gikorwa na Dj First Mike. Mu kiganiro yagiranye na IGIHE Ish Kevin yavuze ko nta ruhare yagize kugira ngo iyi radiyo imenye umuziki we, ahubwo ari ugukora cyane bikomeje kuwumenyekanisha ahantu hose kandi urugendo rugikomeje. Yavuze ko yatunguwe ubwo yabonaga iyi [[Radiyo]] izi ibihangano ndetse n’amateka ye mu muziki. Yagaragaje ko bivuze ikintu kinini mu muziki Nyarwanda, kandi bikaba byerekana ko ukomeje gutera imbere kandi ntaho utazagera. Ati ‘‘Bivuze ko ngomba gukora cyane. Ko nta hantu tutazagera. Binyereka ko umuziki wanjye uzambuka imipaka ukagera aho ntekereza ko uzagera. Ni ibintu bikomeye kuba ikinyamakuru nka Mouv’, cyampaye icyubahiro nk’umuraperi mwiza ku isi ukomoka muri Afurika. Ni iby’agaciro.’’ Akomeza ati ‘‘Ibi byose bizashoboka ariko mu gihe Abanyarwanda bakomeza gushyigikira umuziki wacu umunsi ku wundi bakabona ko wakwambuka imipaka bakatwizera. Bakabona amashusho atandukanye n’ayo batubonamo. Batubonemo icyizere.’’<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/akari-ku-mutima-wa-ish-kevin-wagizwe-umuraperi-wa-mbere-ku-isi-na-radiyo </ref> Ish Kevin ku mazina asanzwe yitwa Semana Kevin Ishimwe. Yavutse mu 1997, ni umwe mu bahanzi bari kwitwara neza mu muziki wa Hip Hop ndetse araharawe cyane cyane ku bakoresha imbugankoranyambaganka boom music spotfy youtube . Uyu muhanzi [[umuziki]] wa Trap Music akora yawuhaye inyito ya “Trappish Music’’. Ish Kevin yatangiye umuziki mu 2017, amaze gukora indirimbo nyinshi zitandukanye. Avuga ko afite gahunda y’uko namara kugera kure azafasha abandi bahanzi bazaba batarazamuka ndetse aheruka gushinga studio yise Trappish Studio mu rwego rwo gufasha bagenzi be. Mouv’ yamuhaye icyubahiro nk’umuraperi mwiza ku isi , ni radiyo imaze igihe kinini cyane ko yatangiye imirimo yayo guhera mu 1997. Iyi radiyo ikora ibiganiro byibanda ku rubyiruko. Ni ishami rya [[Radio]] [[France]] iri mu zimaze igihe kinini yarashinze imizi mu Bufaransa riherereye mu Mujyi wa Toulouse. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} eum3ez4bls3grxm12rnf9sbebi758qy 0 18535 138853 136916 2026-09-17T13:34:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138853 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Q638_noun_23486_ccIlsurAptukov_music.svg|thumb|music]] Umuhanzi Ishimwe Semana Kevin Uzwinka Ish kevin Uyu muraperi wahaye imiririmbire ye inyito ya ‘Trappish Music’ ari kubarizwa mu mujyi wa Nairobi muri Kenya aho agiye kumara igihe agira amasomo atandukanye akurikirana mu muziki we ndetse no kwamamaza ibikorwa bye akazagira imishinga imwe n’imwe azakorana n’abahanzi bo muri icyo gihugu. Uyu muraperi w’imyaka 27 yaherukaga gusangiza abakunzi ba [[muzika]] EP (Extended Play) yise ’Long way Up’ ikubiyeho indirimbo eshanu yaje ndetse akaba ari gutegura album yise ‘Blood, Sweat &Tears’. == Uruzinduko rwa ish kevn muri Kenya == === Kwiga umuziki === Ku wa gatatu, tariki ya 16 Kanama, uyu musore nibwo yageze mu murwa mukuru wa Kenya, aho afite imishinga myinshi ya muzika ateganya gukorana na bamwe mu bahanzi bakomeye bo muri iki gihugu. Ish Kevin avuga ko kubera urwego umuziki wa Kenya uriho ugereranyije n’uw’u [[Rwanda]] hari amasomo menshi yiteze kwigira kuri uru rugendo rwe muri iki gihugu. [[Dosiye:Op27_1_seg_mov.png|thumb|amanota ya muzika ]] Ati:”Iki gihugu iyo bigeze ku muziki, hari ibihugu byinshi kiri imbere hano ku mugabane wa Afurika.” Uyu musore avuga kandi ko hari amasomo y’umuziki y’igihe gito azakurikiranira muri Kenya. Ish Kevin wakunzwe mu ndirimbo ‘Amakosi’ uretse amasomo ateganya kwigira muri Kenya, azakorana [[indirimbo]] na bamwe mu bahanzi baho bari kuzamuka neza mu muziki wa rap, nka Boutross na Buruklyn Boyz. Hagati aho, ageze kure imyiteguro yo kumurika album ya mbere yise ‘Blood, Sweat &Tears’ ikubiyeho ingorane z’ubuzima yanyuzemo agitangira umuziki kugeza n’ubu. Iyi album ikazagararagaraho indirimbo yakoranye n’abandi bahanzi bo ku mugabane wa [[Afurika]] b’amazina akomeye nka AV na Singah. Iyi alubumu izakurikira EP (Extended Play) zirimo iyo yaherukaga gushyira hanze yise ‘Long Way Up’ na ‘Trappish 1’, Mixtape yise ‘Trappish 2’ yagaragayemo abahanzi bakomeye nka Ycee wo muri [[Nigeria]] ndetse n’indi yise ‘Drill Movement I.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ish-kevin-yerekeje-muri-kenya-gukarishya-ubumenyi-mu-muziki</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} dwk7o89r599n6tumg1czwljnvgrhvgu 0 18605 138643 109649 2026-09-17T12:11:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138643 wikitext text/x-wiki == Icyo duhamagarirwa nk'urubyiruko. == [[Dosiye:Yaba (Ya ba) drug seized by US Customs.jpg|thumb]] Police y'uRwanda yakomeje gukangurira urubyiruko ko bakwiye kuba ijisho ryamugenzi we. == Ingamba za fashwe == Nyumayuko basanze urubuiruko rufite uruhare rwa 55% mugukumira Ibiyobya bwenge urubyiruko rw'ifatanyije n'inzego mukubirimbura burundu.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-36633358</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} c365qrlylf426dx3xgwd904adwk07x2 0 18611 138790 136769 2026-09-17T12:57:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138790 wikitext text/x-wiki == 1.Urubyiruko n'iki == [[Dosiye:Youth in action for green rwanda.jpg|thumb|317x317px]] Urubyiruko ni umuntu uri hagati y'umwaka 1 kugeza ku myaka 35 yaba umuhungu cyangwa umukobwa kandi nanone akenshi na kenshi baba bafite imbaraga zo kubaka igihugu cyababyaye bakagiteza imbere<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urubyiruko_mu_Rwanda&veaction=edit</ref> == Ibikorwa by'urubyiruko mu Rwanda == Urubyiruko rukora ibikorwa byinshi twavuamo nk'ibikorwa byo mu ikoranamuhanga, mu burezi ,mu utekano ndetse n'ibindi: Mu ikoranabuhanga twavugamo ka hari urubiruko rufite ubucuruzi bwo kuri murandasi ribingiriza amafaranga naho mu bureze ha urubyiruko rurahari ku bwinshi aho rufatanya n'Imana kurera ,barerera igihugu kandi bakiteza imbere bateza imbere igihugu naho mu mutekano ho ntawasidikanya ko mu ngabo z'u == Rwanda abenshi ari urubyiruka ngaho muri Mozambique, Centrafrica nahandi urwo rubyiruko rw'igihugu ruhitwara neza rugatahanaa intsinzi murumva rero ko ibikorwa by'urubyiruko rufitiye igihugu akamaro gakomeye ndetse n'isi muri rusange<ref>[https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Urubyiruko-rusagaibihumbi-8-rwitabiriye-ibikorwa-byurugerero-ruciye-ingando https://www.rb][https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-whttps://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha][https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Urubyiruko-rusagaibihumbi-8-rwitabiriye-ibikorwa-byurugerero-ruciye-ingando a.co.rw/post/Urubyiruko-rusagaibihumbi-8-rwitabiriye-ibikorwa-byurugerero-ruciye-ingando]</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisitiri-w-intebe-yasoje-youthconnekt-asaba-kongera-ibikorwa-bifasha</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/mu-rwanda-hatangije-igikorwa-cyurubyiruko-cyiswe-generation-unlimited/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-23 |archive-date=2024-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523115737/https://panorama.rw/mu-rwanda-hatangije-igikorwa-cyurubyiruko-cyiswe-generation-unlimited/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} eo4h4fcg383d7a5lmjk8gdyy2y536fu 0 18808 138751 136881 2026-09-17T12:34:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138751 wikitext text/x-wiki Inteko y'Umuco ni kimwe mu bigo bya Leta mu [[Rwanda]] cyashyizweho n'Iteka rya Perezida nomero 082/01 ryo ku wa 28/08/2020 kugira ngo kibungabunge umurage w’Igihugu kandi kirinde ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda, umuco n’indangangaciro zawo nk’umusingi w’ubumwe n’agaciro by[[Abanyarwanda|’Abanyawanda]] .<ref name=":0">[https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/default-title/ikigo, https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/default-title/ikigo,]</ref> == Inshingano == Kuva Inteko y'Umuco yashyirwaho mu mwaka wa 2020 yahawe inshingano cumi n'icyenda (19) zikubiye mu nkingi eshanu (5) ari na zo zinyuzwamo ibikorwa bijyanye no kubungabunga umurage ndangamuco, kurengera ururimi rw'[[Ikinyarwanda]], guteza imbere umuco n'indangagaciro, serivisi z'Inkoranyabitabo n'Ishinguranyandiko ndetse no guteza imbere inganda ndangamuco. N'ubwo mu ntango Inteko y'Umuco yari ifite izi nshingano zose, ijyanye no guteza imbere ubuhanzi yaje kwimurirwa muri Minisiteri y'Urubyiruko yitwa Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Iterambere ry’Ubuhanzi nyuma y'icyemezo cyatangajwe na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda ku wa 14 Ukuboza 2023, bikanasohoka mu Igazeti ya Leta n° 20 Bis yo ku wa 13/05/2024.<ref name=":1">https://www.minijust.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=98526&token=daa9ad34dca930434fdf9591f0779915478fa2b9</ref> == Amateka == Inteko y'Umuco yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2020 ihurizwamo ibigo bitatu (3): Ikigo cy'Ingoro z'Igihugu z'Umurage w'u Rwanda, Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco ndetse n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishizwe Serivisi z'Ishyinguranyandiko n'Inkoranyabitabo. Kuva mu 2020, Inteko y'Umuco yabaye Ikigo gishamikiye kuri Minisiteri y'Urubyiruko n'Umuco. Mu 2023, inshingano z'umuco zimuriwe muri Minisiteri y'Ubumwe bw'abanyarwanda n'inshingano mboneragihugu, MINUBUMWE mu mpine, maze Inteko y'Umuco na yo ihita iba Ikigo gishamikiye kuri iyo Minisiteri.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imigabo-n-imigambi-ya-minisitiri-dr-utumatwishima-ku-guteza-imbere-ubuhanzi</ref> == Amashami == Igishingwa, Inteko y'Umuco yari ifite amashami atanu (5): Ishami rishinzwe Kubungabunga Ururimi n'Umuco, Ishami rishinzwe Imicungire y'[[Urutonde rw'Inzu Ndangamurage mu Rwanda|Ingoro]] z'umurage 8 n'ahantu ndangamurage cyangwa ndangamateka, Ishami rishinzwe Serivisi z'Ishyinguranyandiko ry'Igihugu, Ishami rishinzwe [[Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu cy'u Rwanda|Serivisi z'Inkoranyabitabo y'Igihugu]] ndetse n'Ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere inganda ndangamuco.<ref name=":0" /> Nyuma yo kwimurira inshingano z'ubuhanzi muri Minisiteri y'urubyiruko mu mwaka wa 2023, ishami rishinzwe inganda ngangamuco ryahise ryimurirwa muri iyo Minisiteri. Bivuze ko guhera muri uwo mwaka, ubu Inteko y'Umuco ifite amashami ane (4).<ref name=":0" /> == Ubuyobozi == Nyuma yo gushingwa, Inteko y'Umuco yahawe inzego eshatu zifite inshingano zitandukanye: Inama y’Ubuyobozi, Inama Nkuru y’Ururimi n’Umuco (igizwe n’abantu cumi na batanu (15) bitwa Intiti bagira manda y’imyaka itanu (5) ishobora kongerwa inshuro imwe) ndetse n'Urwego Nshingwabikorwa (rugizwe n’Intebe y’Inteko, rushobora kandi kugira n’Intebe y’Inteko Yungirije). Kuva mu 2020, Inteko y'Umuco iyoborwa n'Intebe y'Inteko (Umuyobozi mukuru) Ambasaderi MASOZERA MUTANGUHA Robert. Intebe y'Inteko yungirije (Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije) wa mbere kuva Ikigo cyashingwa ni ushinzwe Kubungabunga no Guteza imbere Ururimi n'Umuco ni Bwana UWIRINGIYIMANA Jean-Claude.<ref name=":0" /> == Isoko y’ibiri muri iyi nyandiko == 1. Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe no 017/03 ryo ku wa 10/05/2024 rigena intego, inshingano n’imbonerahamwe y’imyanya y’imirimo bya Minisiteri y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’Inshingano Mboneragihugu<ref name=":1" />, 2. Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe no 018/03 ryo ku wa 10/05/2024 rigena intego, inshingano n’imbonerahamwe y’imyanya y’imirimo bya Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Iterambere ry’Ubuhanzi.<ref name=":2">https://www.minijust.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=98526&token=daa9ad34dca930434fdf9591f0779915478fa2b9</ref> 3. Umwaka wa 59, Igazeti ya Leta n° Idasanzwe yo ku wa 04/09/2020 , Itegeko N° 011/2020 ryo ku wa 28/08/2020 rikuraho Inteko Nyarwanda y’Ururimi n’Umuco / Iteka rya Perezida N° 082/01 ryo ku wa 28/08/2020 rishyiraho Inteko y’Umuco, byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2024<ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Category:Guverinoma y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibigo byashinzwe mu 2020]] [[Category:Ingoro ndangamurage muri Afurika]] [[Category:Ingoro ndangamurage mu Rwanda]] 5p5ghuip8cqnse7up2ajn21lk6nsgva 0 18829 138770 136947 2026-09-17T12:36:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138770 wikitext text/x-wiki == Igishushanyo mbonera n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka == Igishushanyo mbonera n'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu rwego rw'igihugu cyo kugeza mu mwaka wa 2050 igihugu cy'uhaye, bikaba by'aremejwe n' [[Dosiye:Women_and_men_in_northern_Rwanda_work_on_a_public_works_site,_building_terraces_to_prevent_soil_erosion_(8379227773).jpg|thumb|Ubutaka bwagenewe uvuhinzi ]] inama y'aba minisitiri yateranye kuri tariki ya 29 nyakanga 2020 intego yacyo ni ukugaragaza uko ubutaka buzakoreshwa guhera mu mwaka wa 2020 kugeza muri 2050, hakurikijwe ubwiyongere bw'abaturage, Hamwe n'umuvuduko witerambere mu nzego zose ndetse n'intego igihugu kihaye kugeraho muri 2050.<ref>https://www.lands.rw/rw/iyandikisha-ryubutaka</ref> == Ibyo igishushanyo mbonera kiza kemura == Igishushanyombonera cy'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka cyo kurwego rw'igihugu kivuguruye kije gukemura ikibazo k'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka aho urwego rumwe rw'ubuzima bw'igihugu rwakoreshaga ubutaka rutitaye kubutaka urundi rukeneye, muri iki gishushanyombonera buri rwego rw'ubuzima bw'igihugu bwagenewe ubuso bw'ubutaka Muburyo bukurikira.<ref>https://www.lands.rw/rw/iyandikisha-ryubutaka</ref> - Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi 12,433km - Amashyamba : 7,725 km (29.3%) - Imiturire, ibikowa remezo byose hamwe n'imihanda 3,980Km (15.1%) -Amazi, Imbogo zayo hamwe n'ibishanga bikomeye ; 2,200Km (8.5%)<ref>https://www.lands.rw/rw/iyandikisha-ryubutaka</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 5cn5rhhnvo5s12ousm3j1zmutf7oqc6 0 18830 138752 136882 2026-09-17T12:34:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138752 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kuzungura == ubundi kuzungura bitangira iyo nyiri umutungo amaze kw'itaba Imana, kikabera aho nyiri ubutaka yabaga, iyo habayeho kuzimira cyangwa kubura izungura ritangizwa n'urubanza rutangaza uwazimiye cyangwa uwapfuye .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/article/ni-ryari-nemerewe-kuzungura-cyangwa-kwamburwa-ubwo-burenganzira</ref> == N'ibande bemerewe ku zungura ? == Mu ngingo ya 53 y'iri tegeko nomero ya 27/2016 ryo kuwa 08/07/2016 rigenda imicungire y'umutungo kamere utimukanywa cyangwa x undi mutungo uwariwo wose w'abashyingiranywe impano n'izungura ,Hateganya ko abahamagariwe kuzungura ari aba bakurikira. Umuntu ushobora kuzungura n'umuntu ukiri muto cyangwa uhagarariwe igihe izungura ryatangiraga, Kimwe n'umwana ukiri muto cyangwa se ukiri munda ya nyina apfa gusa kuvuka akiri muzaima.<ref>https://www.rlrc.gov.rw/news-details/uburyo-izungura-rishingiye-ku-irage-rikorwa</ref> == Impamvu ushobora kwamburwa izungura == Mu ngingo ya 56 y'itegeko rigena imicungire y'umutungo w'abashyingiranywe, Impano n'izungura hateganywa kp hari impamvu zishobora gutuma umuntu yamburwa uburenganzira mu gikorwa cy'izungura.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.legalaidrwanda.org/pdf/modules/Module%20on%20the%20law%20governing%20matrimonial%20regimes,%20donations%20and%20successions.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-09 |archive-date=2024-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709125805/https://www.legalaidrwanda.org/pdf/modules/Module%20on%20the%20law%20governing%20matrimonial%20regimes,%20donations%20and%20successions.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} h53tfuod62d8jwid1lo2tig8lvdglco 0 18863 138668 132754 2026-09-17T12:15:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138668 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ise umubyara == [[Dosiye:Kurya ubunnyano hateranaga abana bakita izina bakanarya.jpg|thumb|Abana barya ubunnyano]] Iyo se w’umwana ataramuterura, ntiyavuga izina ry’umwana ngo adapfa. Se w’umwana iyo amaze kumwita izina, uwo munsi yilinda gukora icyitwa intwaro cyose, nk’icumu, umuhoro, icyuma, ngo iyo abikozeho umwana ntasaza atarwanye, atishe n’umuntu. [[Dosiye:Kurya ubunnyano hateranaga abana bakita izina bakanarya.jpg|thumb|416x416px|kurya ubunnyano]] Umwana w’uruhinja ugifite sekuru na nyirakuru, nyina w’umwana amara kuva ku kiliri akamujyana kwa sebukwe, akaba ali we ubanza kwita umwana izina.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/umurage/umuco-w-ubunnyano-mu-rwanda-uragenda-uhindura-isura</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/133727/wa-munsi-wo-kurya-ubunnyano-wageze-menya-abana-20-bingagi-bagiye-kwitwa-amazina-amafoto-133727.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-13 |archive-date=2024-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713143523/https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/133727/wa-munsi-wo-kurya-ubunnyano-wageze-menya-abana-20-bingagi-bagiye-kwitwa-amazina-amafoto-133727.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Adahari == Se w’umwana iyo atali aho, umuse ni we uterura umwana. Umugore amara kuva ku kiliri, abana bamaze gutaha, bukira akalyama, maze agahengera igihe cyo mu museke, akabyuka agasanga umuse, ati: Nzanye umwana ndagira ngo umuterure. Nuko umuse akenda umugore we, yarangiza akabyuka akajya hanze yavayo, agasanga bamushyiliye intebe mu irebe lylumulyango, akicura bakamuha umwana akamusimbiza, ati: “Kura ujye ejuru nkwise (nk’uko se w’umwana abigenza).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/article/ubunnyano-iyo-umwana-yatindaga-kunnya-cyangwa-se-kunyara-bamutamikaga-itabi</ref> [[Dosiye:Kurya ubunnyano.jpg|thumb|361x361px|kurya ubunnyano]] == Kwita Izina == Bumara kwira, abana bagataha bakajya iwabo. Umugore agasasa, noneho agataha ku buliri akararana n’umugabo we, aliko umwe akilinda undi. Igihe cyo mu museke, umugabo akabwira umugore we ngo ngaho duterure umwana (acte conjugal). Barangiza umugabo agasohoka akajya hanze, yava hanze, agasanga umugore yamushyiliye intebe mu irebe ly’umulyango. Iyo umugabo ateruye umwana atavuye hanze, ngo biba ali ukumuvutsa, akazaba imbwa, akazapfa atagize icyo yimalira. Nuko umugabo akaza akicara ku ntebe, ati: “Mpa uwo mwana yewe wa mugore we”. Umugore akamuhereza umwana. Se w’umwana akamusimbiza, ati: '''“Kura ujye ejuru, nkwise N…''' “. Umugore iyo ashatse na we yita umwana izina. Ajya kumwita izina, ati: '''Nnya aha, nyara aha, nkwise N…'''; akongera ati: '''nnya aha, nyara aha, nkwise N'''…. Izina lihama na none ni ilyo umwana yiswe na se.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] 46gl1q3mwhm1kyqfl2q47st3oi4gsrb 0 18866 138912 132018 2026-09-17T21:21:16Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138912 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rugezi wetland (cropped).jpg|thumb|Igishanga cya Rugezi]] Igishanga cya Rugezi n' icyanya gikomye kikaba indiri y' urusobe rw' ibinyabuzima ndetse n' icumbi ry' inyamanswa nk'inyoni z'imisambi n' incenceberi ndetse n'izindi zinyuranye, kikaba gifitiye akamaro abagituriye n' igihugu muri rusange. AHO GIHEREREYE Urugezi ni igishanga giherereye mu karere ka Burera mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda , gikikijwe n' [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] ya Butaro, Rwerere, Rusarabuye, Kivuye, Ruhunde na Gatebe yo mu karere ka Burera ndetse n'indi ibiri yo mu karere ka Gicumbi ariyo miyove na nyankenke.^[1]igishanga cy’Urugezi, kigeze kwangirika amashanyarazi arabura cyane, bityo Leta imaze kugisana arongera araboneka.''Mu Rwanda hari amoko atatu y’ibishanga: ibishanga bikomye, ibishanga bikoreshwa habanje gufata imigambi yo kubirengera, n’ibishanga byakoreshwa nta kibazo. Muri byo Kamiranzovu, Rugezi n’Akagera ntibyemerewe guhingwamo.'' ''ICYO KIMARIYE ABATURAGE NA LETA'' [[Dosiye:Florida freshwater swamp usgov image.jpg|thumb]] Urugezi nk' icyanya gikomye ni igicumbi cy' ubukerarugendo ndetse kikaba gicumbikiye inyoni twavuga nk' [[imisambi]] n'izindi, kandi nanone kikagira n' umugezi wa Rugezi amazi yawo niyo atanga amashanyarazi ku rugomero rwa ntaruka ndetse akanisuka mu kiyaga cya Burera. Igishanga cya Rugezi, giherereye mu karere ka Burera, usanga gikungahaye ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima birimo ibyatsi bitohagiye, hakiberamo amoko y’inyoni yitwa inceberi zitaboneka ahandi ku Isi kandi zikunzwe n’abakerarugendo, gitanga kandi amazi menshi akoreshwa mu rugomero rwa Ntaruka akanatanga umugezi wa Mukungwa.Iki gishanga avuga ko ari umutungo kamere ufitiye igihugu akamaro, bityo abagituriye kuri ubu ntibakigihinga kuko kera wasangaga hanakorwamo ubuhinzi n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibidukikije yavuze ko igishanga cya Rugezi kiri mu bikomye, kandi nta wemerewe kugihingamo kuko rimwe abaturage bigeze kugihingamo bituma umuriro w’amashanyarazi uba muke mu gihe amazi y’iki gishanga ari yo atanga urugomero rwa Ntaruka. Amashakiro <ref>[[RUGEZI SWAMP]]</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/rema-irasaba-abaturiye-igishanga-cya-rugezi-kugifata-neza</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/article/burera-inkuba-yatumye-igishanga-cya-rugezi-gifatwa-n-inkongi-y-umuriro</ref> 255k159qmajxe4txof37y4kebhdck5d 0 18874 138847 137123 2026-09-17T13:34:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138847 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umuco == Umuco w’i [[Rwanda]] ugira amateka. Hakavugwamo abagabo n’abagore b’intwari. Twavuga nka Muvunyi wa Karema karemajwe n’ibyuma, cyangwa Rwanyonga rwa Mugabwambere, cyangwa Nyiransibura wanyaye [[ikiyaga cya Kivu]], tutaretse ya nkumi Ndabaga wasimbuye se ku ruharo (ibintu byageze iwa Ndabaga). Havugwamo Nyagakecuru wo mu Bisi bya Huye. Hari Nyaruzi rwa Haramanga ku Mukindo wa Makwaza. Hari Intahana-batatu Rukara rwa Bishingwe wo mu Barashi b’i Murera, Basebya ba Nyirantwari ku Rugezi rwa Byumba na Mashira ya Nkuba ya Sabugabo mu Nduga ngari y’Ababanda mu Marangara. N’abandi benshi batarondowe. == Umuco mu burere == Mu buryo bw’uburere, umuco uhererekana nk’amasaro y’urunigi mu kagozi/akadodo, maze abari bakuru bakamenyereza abakiri bato uburyo bwo kubaho mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuzima. Ni bwo hemezwa mu [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]] ko uburere buruta ubuvuke. Muri urwo ruhererekane ruzira umuhezo, uburere bwiza bujyana n’ingeso nziza cyangwa imico myiza: bukarangwa n’ikinyabupfura no kwiyubaha bimwe bivugwa ko umuntu agira aho avuka kandi ko yarezwe neza, bikagereranywa n’amata agira gitereka. Uburere butangira umwana akiri muto, bisanga wa mugani ngo ‘[[igiti]] kigororwa kikiri gitoya’ kuko iyo kimaze gukura ugashaka kukigorora kiravunika, burya biba byamaze kuba impitagihe. Mu burere hagomba gutangwa urugero rwiza, bitewe n’uko bizwi neza ko ‘kora ndebe iruta vuga numve’. Icyakora rero, hari ibishobora kunanirana kugororwa, cyane cyane nk’ingeso mbi umuntu yaba yaramaze gufata, noneho abantu bagahebera urwaje, bagasigara bemeza ko kamere idakurwa na reka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/umurage/article/ni-ryari-bavuga-ko-umuntu-yishe-cyangwa-yataye-umuco</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/umuco-nyarwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-15 |archive-date=2024-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715100838/https://rw.amateka.net/umuco-nyarwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umuco mu butabera == [[Dosiye:3D Judges Gavel.jpg|thumb|Ubutabera]] Mu birebana n’umuco mu butabera, habagaho inzego zisigiye n’inkiko, bigakorwa mu rwego rw’umuryango, urw’umudugudu (akagari) n’urwo hejuru mu gitegetsi. Urwego rw’umuryango: Urwego rw’umuryango rwari rubereyeho gukiza amakimbirane mu bashakanye hamwe no gukemura impaka mu bavandimwe. [[Dosiye:Rwanda cultural house (NYAKATSI).jpg|thumb|356x356px|umurage w'umuco]] [[Dosiye:This image shows how Rwandans love cows and the value they give to this anima in their culture especially this specific types of cows called Inyambo.jpg|thumb|inyambo umurage w'umuco ]] Iyo umugabo n’umugore bateruranaga, bakesurana, bwa bundi bacekanaga, byabaga byarenze urugero, hakabaho kwitabaza ababyeyi n’abavandimwe. Icyo gihe umugore yabererekeraga umugabo akanya gato, agashobora kwahukaniraga kwa sebukwe iyo bumvikanaga, bitaba ibyo akajya iwabo. Yaba atagifite ababyeyi, akahukanira kwa musaza we w’umutware w’umuryango. Ubwo bikazaba ngombwa ko umugabo we azajya kumucyura. Urwego rwa Gacaca Iyo ingorane zavukaga mu baturanyi batari abavandimwe, bakananiranwa cyangwa hakavuka imanza z’amahugu, cyangwa bagafatana mw’ijosi bakesurana, byabaga ngombwa gushyikiriza ikibazo cyabo urwego rwa gacaca, ari bwo abaturanyi bose bicaraga mu gacaca, maze bagacocagura amagambo. Uwo ikosa rifashe agahabwa igihano gikwiriye, bidafite aho bihuriye no ‘guhana wihanukiriye’ cyangwa byo gutanga ‘igihano cy’intanga-rugero’. Ntabwo batangaga igihano cya ‘muce’. Gacaca yari urukiko rw’abaturage bo ku gasozi kamwe, ikaba urubuga rwo gutanga ibitekerezo by’ubutabera byubaka, ntihagire uniganwa ijambo, kandi ntibemere abashaka kubogama. Yakorerwaga aho abantu bafitanye ikibazo bari, bivuga ko yimukaga buri gihe uko bibaye ngombwa. Bashoboraga no guhitamo ahantu hamwe bumvikanyeho, hakaba ari ho bazajya bahurira. Gacaca yaberagaho gukemura ibibazo n’impaka mu bantu, ikaberaho gushyigikira, gushimangira no kubungabunga ubwiyunge, unutekano, amahoro, ubumwe n’ubutabera mu bantu batuye ahantu hamwe. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] dgj0wgywyvl4mfhyi5xpdponbjvzth8 0 18921 138702 119094 2026-09-17T12:24:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138702 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibiheko == [[Dosiye:Bola de grossesse monpetitbola.fr.jpg|thumb|Ibiheko ku mugore utwite]] Umugore utwite, abona inda imaze kugaragara neza, imaze nk’amezi ane nuko agahekera umwana atwite, kugira ngo inda ijye yonka neza, ntarware, kandi ngo umwana azavuke ali muzima. Ibyo bakoresha ibiheko ni ibi . == Uko bakora Ibiheko == Bareba ubwoya bw’intama cyangwa agakoba ko ku mulizo w’intama y’insogotano; n’ubw’ingwe, n’ubw’inkomo n’imondo n’inzobe, n’inzibyi, n’igikoba cy’intare; bakareba n’ishyoza n’umurembe n’umuhire, n’umuzigagore, n’umutabataba, n’umuheha umaze iminsi, nk’imyaka ibili, uwo muheha witwa “umuhitira”. Uwo muheha iyo ubuze, bareba umuheha wanyoye ubuki; bakongera bakazona isimbi n’isaro ly’umusheshi n’umukipfu, n’igiti cyitwa “umuheka”, n’umuseke n’umuha, n’indibu, n’ikuta cyangwa isenge. Byose iyo bimaze kuboneka, babwira umugore w’isugi (ufite umugabo utigeze gupfusha umugore n’umwana, kandi utigeze kwahukana, ni we ubyambika abandi, ni we kandi uza kubibakuramo, iyo umugore yaramutswe no kubyara). Uwo mugore araza yamara kugera aho, bakamuha inkota, bitilira Lyangombe; umugore akagenda akareba agati bita “umuhanga”, akagatemesha ya nkota limwe gusa; bakakagegenamo uduce tubili bagatunga ku mugozi; hagati bagashyiramo icyerezwa cy’intembetembe (ikiliburibu); umuhanga ngo ni uwo guhanga umwana ngo azavuke ali muzima. Bakazana n’umwana w’umuhungu na we bakamuha inkota, akareba umuvumu w ‘umutabataba, akihanukira akawutema limwe, ukagwa ku ntara bawuteze. Umwana ujya gutema uwo muvumu, ni umwana w’isugi ufite se na nyina, kandi utigeze kurwara ibinyoro; intara batega na yo iba ali iy’isugi kandi ali umuvumu bawukokorera ku ntara, bakabigira bitonze, kugira ngo hatagira akababi kagwa iruhande rw’intara, ngo kaguye iruhande lyaba ali ishyano. Amababi bayosereza ku gicaniro (kuyatwika). Umuvumu barawushishura, akaba ali wo bakakiza bya bindi byose; ibindi bakabitunga ku buhivu cyangwa ku mulya w’inka itipfushije bishe. Nuko umugore utwite akabyambara, ngo ahekeye umwana. Agakoba k’inkomo ni ko gashyigikira impigi yo mu kanyamukika (ni ko bayambaza). Umugore bajya kwambika ibiheko yicara ku ntebe, umwana w’umuhungu w’isugi na we bakamuha intebe akicara. Kwicara kwabo ni uguterana imigongo. Nuko umwana bakamuhereza bya bindi byose, babitunze ku migozi; umwana akabyenda, maze agasubiza amaboko inyuma ayirengeje; umugozi akawunyuza mu ijosi ly ‘umugore utwite; nyuma bakabisubiramo neza, bakabimwambika. Ibiheko babicisha mu ijosi, bikanyuranira mu gituza no mu mugo-ngo. Ni byo bita '''guhekera umwana uli mu nda ya nyina'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/ibiheko/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-19 |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423153005/https://rw.amateka.net/ibiheko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 5gm7pw1ycqbs3vs5jlwc8agz6ezj9tm 0 18951 138703 125118 2026-09-17T12:24:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138703 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dry land 0022.jpg|thumb]] Gusana amshyambe ndetse n'imiterere nyaburanga ni kimwe mu bifite amahirwe menshyi yo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Mugihe isi irwanira kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'inshi ku isi, hai ingamba zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye, kimwe murizo n'ugusana amashyamba hamwe n'ubutajka bwangiritse.<ref>https://www.decadeonrestoration.org/publications/key-role-forest-and-landscape-restoration-climate-action</ref> == Ingamba == [[Dosiye:Hellyer Gorge, Tasmania.jpg|thumb]] Uruhare ry'ingenzi mu gusana amashyamba ngetse n'ubutaka bw'angiritse ndetse n'ibidukikije mu bikorwa by'ikirere Leta irasaba ko hagomba kumenyekana cyane ubushobozi bwo gusana amashyamba n'ubutaka hagamijwe ku gabanywa no gufasha ikiremwamuntu mu guhangana n'ingararuka z'ihindagurikire ry'ikirere, Hifashishijwe ubushakashatsi bwakozwe. na raporo isobanura uburyo hagarura imikore n'umusaruro w'amashyamba yangiritse. itanga kandi inyungu nyinshi, Kuva kuganya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugeza kurinda urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima no kuzamura imibereho myiza y'abaturage<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rema.gov.rw/our-work/link/wetlands |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-21 |archive-date=2024-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520030759/https://www.rema.gov.rw/our-work/link/wetlands |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.environment.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=55462&token=1c3970be6f20037890667327bc43cfe6231f103d</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} pm2ebzyoei3iacotfgxzzz8epttfi77 0 18962 138861 132743 2026-09-17T13:43:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138861 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lempies - Pregnancy screenshot.jpg|thumb|317x317px|umugore utwite]] == Inda == [[Dosiye:2008-02-24 Human abdomen in pregnancy.jpg|thumb|Umugore utwite|302x302px]] Umugore utwite inda mu [[Umuco nyarwanda w'umwimerere|muco nyarwanda]], iyo ageze mu kwezi kwa munani, amarakulya atarajya kulyama, akuhagira inda; yiyuhagira yarangije imilimo yose, yapfundikiye inkono, ashigaje kujya kulyama gusa. Ashaka urweso rwo kujya ashyushyamo amazi yo kwuhagira inda, n’ahajya mu mugongo, no mu maso, kugira ngo urnwana atazavuka arangaye amazuru n’ibinwa bimeze nk’iby’inkoko, kandi ngo yavukana ibihu (ibintu bimuhumbika ku mubili hose, akaba umweru, agasa n’ingwa bigatuma anyerera; bagira ngo ni ibilyo nyina atamwuhagiye akimutwite).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/inkuli-kwuhagira-inda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718071627/https://rw.amateka.net/inkuli-kwuhagira-inda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Umwana avukanye igihu, abagore babyaza baseka nyina, kandi uwo mwana baramwanga, ngo ateye iseseme, ngo aranyerera. Bajya kumukora bakabanza kumwuhagiza ivu balimutsilita cyane, nk’abahanagura inka bayikunyura. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] is8wrl9dnj925f4541wtyr5ims8bz8x 0 18963 138611 132744 2026-09-17T12:06:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138611 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyange secondary school Genocide Memorial 01.jpg|thumb|297x297px|intwari z'inyange]] == icyivugo cy'Intwari == [[Dosiye:Intore zacu.jpg|thumb|Intwari |296x296px]] '''''Ndi Inyangamugayo ku nkômeli''''' '''''Sinzilikana kuzihana.''''' [[Dosiye:Heroes Day 091824.jpg|thumb|359x359px|umunsi w'intwari murwanda]] '''''Mu Rusugi rwa Kigina''''' '''''nimanye Rutuku''''' '''''5. ab’iganizi bagira ngo simpava.''''' '''''Remera ly’i Busakuli''''' '''''Natumburukanye isuli''''' '''''abâtwâra imisakurà bayindénza.''''' '''''Gahânda kwa Gatokwe''''' '''''10. natégetse abibisha ntàbatwâra.''''' '''''Ku nyanja ya Mutegire''''' '''''Narasanye ukwo Karinga ishaka.''''' '''''Mbona mporana inguma''''' '''''Ntibyambujije ishema:''''' '''''15. Ndashoboye kaba intwali''''' '''''mu Bushanga kwa Nyangoma''''' '''''ab’âmashishabagishaka ingabô''''' '''''sinasigana urugo ndùbanzamo''''' '''''n’icumu lisa''''' '''''20. Ndi akabira k’abatinyi:ba Bisangwa aba banyihishamo .'''''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/intwali/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723101033/https://rw.amateka.net/intwali/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] k5wkhrplja65dqpzawf9j5dm1i30emn 0 18965 138862 136834 2026-09-17T13:43:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138862 wikitext text/x-wiki == Impigi == [[Dosiye:Ingoma y imbino.jpg|thumb|Ingoma mu muco]] Abazimu ni impigi bita Indashikwa iva i Bushi. Abashi ngo bajya kuyica bambaye ubusa. Indashikwa ni uduti twinshi bataba tukamara gatatu mu kuzimu bakadutaburura . Kuwa kane bagatunga ku mulya w’inkima, bakajya bambara mu ijosi ngo ubyambaye ntaterwa n’abazimu, kandi ntabarota no kubarota .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Agahanzi == Abahanzi ukarwaye bamusuka imbilibiri mu mazuru yombi, ndetse akarabirana. Arakira ntazongere kunukira abandi (plutôt remède d’amulette). '''AMABOKO'''. Iyo umuntu ahururwa mu maboko, bareba igufa ly’impereli bakalikoza ku gishilira, bagasiga ku maboko ngo: “Kuka, kuka”. Barangiza bakalimwambika ku kaboko, agakira. == Amacinya == Amacinya umuntu urwaye amacinya, bamushakira urura rw’ingwe, bakareba n’igikoba cyayo, bakabimwambika babanje kubimwuka babikojeje ku gishilira. Urura barukura mu ngwe, igishyushye imaze gupfa ako kanya. Urwo rura barwambara mu nda, cyangwa mu ijosi. Iyo bashatse kandi, bareba urura rw’ingwe, bagashyushya amazi bakarushyiramo, nuko urwaye amacinya akanywa ayo mazi, urura akarwambara mu nda.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] aygl9rcci4v3693rwaysrafhuurkykg 0 18983 138908 134621 2026-09-17T21:19:06Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138908 wikitext text/x-wiki == ''Ibyanya by’inyamaswa'' == Icyanya ni ishyamba rigari ryateganyirijwe kubamo inyamaswa n’ibindi binyabuzima bitandukanye. Abatwawe n’indimi z’amahanga bamenyereye kubyita pariki. Mu gihugu cyacu hari ibyanya byagenewe kubungabunga ubuzima bw’inyamaswa n’ibindi binyabuzima. Ubu mu Rwanda habarurwa ibyanya by’inyamaswa bigari birenga bitatu. Hari n’aho abifite bagenda biyubakira imbuga nto bakororeramo zimwe mu nyamaswa z’inkazi nk’ingwe, inzoka n’izindi. Mu byanya byamamaye mu Rwanda bikanahuruza imbaga y’abatuye isi, twavuga nk’icyanya cy’Akagera mu burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda. Icyanya cy’Akagera kibarizwa mu gace k’umukenke mu ntara y’iburasirazuba kikambuka kigafata [[intara]] y’Akagera mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Tanzaniya. Habonekamo zimwe mu nyamaswa z’inkazi zitakiboneka henshi ku isi. Muri zo twavuga nk’intare n’ingwe, [[imbogo]] n’impongo, [[inzovu]] ndetse n’isatura. Hagaragaramo kandi nyamaswa nyinshi ziteye amabengeza nk’impara n’imparage, isha, inzobe, twiga n’izindi. Yewe ngo harimo n’impyisi mahuma n’imigana y’imbwebwe zahunze abantu. Uwavuga iby’Akagera bwakwira bugacya; Akagera gafite umwihariko wo kugira ibiyaga byinshi bigaburirwa n’uruzi rw’Akagera. Rwambukiranya iyo pariki kuva mu magepfo kugera mu majyaruguru. Ibyo biyaga byabaye icumbi ry’imvubu n’ingona. Utembereye mu Kagera kandi, yibonera amasenga n’imyobo y’inyaga zitakiboneka henshi mu gihugu. Ntiwava mu Kagera utabonye umugana wa za ngurube z’ishyamba n’amashyo y’imbogo rwarikamavubi. Abikundira amajwi y’inyamaswa n’ibindi bintu nyaburanga rero nababwira iki! Ubwo hari abatinya kumva intare yivuga cyangwa itontoma, hari ba mukerarugendo ahubwo bazanwa n’uwo mutontomo ukura abantu umutima ukanabuza inyoni kuririmba. Abagana icyanya cy’Akagera banezezwa n’utugezi dusuma cyangwa se iyo bwije impyisi zitangiye guhuma. Ngo harimo n’impongo zikorora! Icyanya cy’Akagera kibangamiwe n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’Abanyarwanda bagenda bashaka amasambu. Hari na ba rushimusi bahiga imvubu n’abashakisha amahembe y’inzovu. Ibyo byatumye Leta ifata ingamba zirimo ubukangurambaga buhoraho, aho abaturiye icyo cyanya bahora basobanurirwa akamaro kacyo. Umubare w’abashinzwe kurinda icyo cyanya na wo ugenda wiyongera kandi hanashyizweho ibihano bikarishye ku bakomeje ingeso mbi yo kwica no gushimuta inyamaswa. Mu gukomeza kubungabunga icyanya cy’Akagera, hubatswe urukuta rw’amashanyarazi rukizengurutse. Urwo rukuta rutuma inyamaswa zidatoroka ngo zonere abaturage baturiye Akagera. Ibyo ariko ntibihagije. Buri muturarwanda wese akwiye kwiyumvisha ko ibyanya ari umutungo rusange. Ibyanya by’inyamaswa bifite akamaro kanini mu rwego rw’ubukungu kuko bikurura ba mukerarugendo. Usibye no kuba birimo ibiti bihembera umwuka tukabona imvura binaba intaho y’inyamaswa n’inyoni by’amoko anyuranye bifitiye runini abaturarwanda. Ntawe rero ugomba kwangiza uwo mutungo dukesha byinshi ngo arashaka inyungu ze ku giti ke. <ref>https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=510&section=1</ref> c39xjafo2o9gft9g6gli3wj1pilyae1 0 18987 138602 132685 2026-09-17T12:05:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138602 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umugabo == [[Dosiye:Umugabo n'umugore we murugo 1.jpg|thumb|Umugabo murugo]] [[Umugabo]] iyo yumvise igicuro ku mutima ngo ubwo aba ali bupfushe uwo bava indu imwe. Umugabo wishwe n’igituntu afite abo bava indu imwe, asize n’abana; bazira kulya inyama y’umwijima, ngo bahumana. Iyo umugabo aturutse ahantu, maze yagera mu rugo hagati ajya kwinjira mu nzu, akanyerera akagwa, ntahava kereka bamuhaye inka cyangwa isuka. Ubonetse wese apfa kugira ngo: Haguruka nguhaye inka; cyangwa ati: Nguhaye isuka, haguruka. Iyo batabigenjeje batyo, ngo arugwamo. Iyo umugabo aguye mu rugo nta muntu uhali wo kumugenzereza atyo, arabyuka maze urugo akarumena, akarunyura inyuma akabona kujya mu nzu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-nindi-migenzo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724122218/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumugabo-nindi-migenzo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibindi == Umugabo wenze inzoga y’iziko (y’amasaka), ku munsi wo gucanira ntararana n’umugore we; iyo bararanye inzoga iratema ikanyerera. Umugabo utunze inka, akunda gutereka urwara rw’agahera, ngo kuruca ni uguca inka mu rugo. Umugabo azira kureba amavuta y’inka ze, bakimara kuyavura ako kanya, ngo inka ze ntizakongera kureta ukundi. Iyo umugabo abonye igicaniro kiyakije ni joro, azana icyansi agahagarara mu mulyango, ati: Uraze uli mase cyangwa se uli indemberezi; ngo bimusulira gutunga inka nyinshi. Umugabo wateretse imfizi, iyo imwishe barayibaga, kuko ngo iba imukungulira; batayibaze nyirayo ngo ni we upfa. Umugabo utunze inka, maze zigashoka umushumba uzikuye, araza agapfukama, agatereka igicuba imbere ya shebuja. Umushumba aba afite umukamato w’inkoni (imicyuro, imitozo, imikore); agahereza shebuja inkoni, ati: Akira inkoni. Shebuja ati: Cyura amashyo. Umushumba ati: Cyulirwa amagana. Umushumba agahereza shebuja injishi, ati: Akira injishi. Shebuja ati: Uzuza. Umushumba ati: Uzulizwa. Umugabo iyo atali aho, umugore ni we ubiherezwa. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 529mm2ojlo2tunay9pdqlyiee1rldbh 0 18999 138612 132699 2026-09-17T12:07:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138612 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sunset by Wapta Falls.jpg|thumb|282x282px|urubura]] == Urubura == [[Dosiye:Amahindu Musanze.jpg|thumb|Urubura]] [[Umunyu|Umuntu]] agera aho inkuba yakubise, akahaguma, ntabe yagenda batabanje kumugangahura; batamugangahuye ngo inkuba yabica, kandi ni no kuyiterereza abo yakubise ikazongera kubakubitira abantu cyangwa ibintu. Umuntu iyo yumvise ikubise, cyangwa iyo abonye imirabyo isakirana, acira ku gahera cyangwa agahuhaho agira ngo Ganira, ganira, vuga matama (comme un mouton), ntuvuge bukuba; nuko agatunga umuhoro hejuru. Akongera ati: Tuli abishywa, tuli bene nkuba ntitugenda ijoro. Ibyo bikabuza inkuba kugira icyo itwara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527104216/https://rw.amateka.net/imihango-yumuntu-nimvura-nurubura-ninkuba-numuyaga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ikindi == Umurabyo urarabya bakarahura umuliro bagira ngo Uracane uwawe. Ikindi bilinda ni ukwicara ku ntebe no kubyina, kereka bafashe umuhoro mu ntoke, bati: Ndagutema. Abandi bacira ku gahera bati: Subya.Imirabyo n’inkuba iyo bisakiranye, abantu balya, benda utulyo bakatunaga hanze ngo: Ng’ibyo ibyawe. Kirazira nta muntu ulya inkuba zihinda. Ikincli kizira, nta mugore utega urugoli inkuba zihinda, ngoyamukubita, agapfa adasambye. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] tihp3tv83jtssa00y8droy924jsrkot 0 19002 138821 132703 2026-09-17T13:09:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138821 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibishyimbo bishingirirwa.jpg|thumb|247x247px|umurima wibishyimbo]] == Guhura == [[Dosiye:Guhura.jpg|thumb|Guhura|239x239px]] Iyo bajya guhura imyaka iyo ari yo yose: Ibishyimbo, amashaza, amasaka…; umwana w’umuhungu cyangwa umugabo ni we ubanza kuyikubita inkoni ( ikibando ), umugore cyangwa umukobwa akabona guhura. Umugore iyo abanjemo ikibando ngo imyaka iratuba; nta mugore urema, harema [[umugabo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614022119/https://rw.amateka.net/imihngo-yumuntu-nibyo-mu-mulima/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ihura iyo lirangiye, bagiye kugosora, uwabanje gukubita ikibando, na none ni we ubanza kugosora, abagore bakabona kugosora, bitagenze bityo ngo imyaka iratuba. Umuntu iyo yanitse amamera, nta waza ngo ayakozemo umuhunda; iyo akojejemo umuhunda, ngo aba ateye kurwana abazanywa inzoga y’ayo mamera. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] mt1azv6pprig8kuslhw6daoalxlu26r 0 19042 138863 110375 2026-09-17T13:43:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138863 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubutaka - umurima.jpg|thumb|ubutaka]] == Ubutaka == [[Dosiye:Road from bugesera to kicukiro under construction.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka]] Imihanda mi nini nayo Iyo uwakodesheje [[ubutaka]] bwa Leta cyangwa uwabutijwe adasabye kongererwa igihe nyakuri cyo gukodesha ubutaka bwa Leta mu rwego rw’ishoramari cyangwa icyo gutiza ubutaka bwa Leta, cyangwa iyo abisabye ntabyemererwe, atakaza uburenganzira yari afite kuri ubwo butaka.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itegeko-rishya-ry-ubutaka-rigiye-gutangira-gushyirwa-mu-bikorwa</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubutaka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] s7c7uvd77viq2cf0prnvwi9w5k4z69t 0 19070 138704 113489 2026-09-17T12:24:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138704 wikitext text/x-wiki == ubuhinzi == [[Dosiye:Guhinga.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi|298x298px]] U [[Rwanda]] rufite hafi hegitari 165.000 z’ibishanga harimo 93.754 ha (57 ku ijana) zahinzwe. Ariko, 5.000 ha gusa zaratunganyijwe kandi zishobora guhingwa umwaka wose mu gihe ahasigaye hahingwa uko umuntu yishakiye nta nyigo mu bya tekiniki n’imwe ibanje gukorwa. - Urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwagennye nk’ibyihutirwa cyane igenamigambi rya Guverinoma mu iterambere. Amerekezo y’igihugu y’ubu arashaka ko uru rwego rwava ku gushakisha amaramuko rukajya ku gushaka umusaruro mu bintu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi. - Ubuhinzi bugezweho buboneka nk’imwe mu nkingi esheshatu za Vision 2020 kimwe no gucunga neza ku buryo burambye imikoreshereze y’ubutaka n’ibikorwa remezo by’ibanze.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije</ref> == Ubutaka == == Ibidukikije == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] dl2qzrpud0apn535o5d0v4hxbb7jzh4 0 19074 138864 109451 2026-09-17T13:43:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138864 wikitext text/x-wiki == Inganda == [[Dosiye:Ibidukikije n.jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije]] Guteza imbere [[Inganda mu Rwanda|inganda]] no kongerera abakozi ubushobozi ni bimwe mu bigize ingamba za Guverinoma y’u Rwanda zo kugera kuri Vision 2020 - Nk’uko bimeze mu bigihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, inyinshi mu nganda zashyizwwe mu turere tw’umujyi. Hafi 63 ku ijana by’inganda byubatze mu mujyi wa Kigali cyangwa mu nkengero zawo. <ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije</ref> == Ibidukikije == Ibigo bikuru bikuru byibanda ku gukora cyane cyane ibikomoka ku biti na /cyangwa gutunganya ibiti, kwenga inzoga, ibinyobwa bidasindisha, itabi, ciment, imyenda, icyayi n’ikahwa. Ibindi byahisemo gukora ibijyanye ibintu n’ubutabire, ubwubatsi, amacapiro, gukora impapuro, gukora ibyuma na gaz méthane. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 13fdew3xxnes44st8edd7axylhqrcxb 0 19080 138590 109458 2026-09-17T12:04:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138590 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibinyabuzima == [[Dosiye:Imvubu.jpg|thumb|Inyamaswa]] Bitewe n’ubucucike bw’abaturage burusha ahandi muri [[Afurika]] hakiyongeraho kubogamira ku buhinzi, ingorane z’ibanze ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no ku murungo w’umwmimerere mu Rwanda zijyanye cyane cyane n’imbaraga nyishi cyane zisabwa n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage n’ikibazo cyibura ry’ubutaka.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije</ref> Izindi ngorane urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruhura na zo zikomo ku bikorwa bya muntu nko gutakaza ahantu hatuwe bitewe n’imindagurikire y’imiturire, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ubuhinzi no kuzana amoko y’ibintu by’ahandi. - Nk’urugero, ubuso rusange bwa za pariki z’igihugu, bwagabanutseho kuva mu myaka y’i1960 bitewe no gushaka ubutaka bwo guhinga n’aho gutura. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 34be9obnf4p1mhyo84lgyavbdjjao7t 0 19090 138865 111044 2026-09-17T13:43:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138865 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bosque Encantado, Parque nacional de Garajonay, La Gomera, España, 2012-12-14, DD 19.jpg|thumb|ibibangamira amashyamba]] == Ishyamba == [[Dosiye:GT Lodged Birch trunk winched down to earth.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]] [[Dosiye:Beech Forest (AU), Great Otway National Park, Beauchamp Falls -- 2019 -- 1271.jpg|thumb]] N’ubwo urwego rw’amashyamba rutanga amahirwe menshi mu birebana n’imizamukire y’ubukungu bw’igihugu, rufite zimwe mu ngorane zikwiriye gukemurwa kugira ngo u Rwanda rushobore kwifashisha ayo mahirwe. Ibangamirwa ry’ibanze ry’amashyamba ni cyane cyane ibibazo bijyanye n’imitegekere, urwego rw’amategeko rudahwitse n’ingufu nyinshi cyane zisabwa n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bigatuma gusatira no gutema amashyamba kubera imiturire, ubuhinzi n’inzuri.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Imbogamizi == Ikenerwa ry’amakara akomoka ku biti mu mijyi rituma haba gusaba ingufu nyinshi cyane amashyamba. Gutwika amakara mu kugemurira umujyi wa Kigali byateje ivanwaho ry’ahantu h’ibiti bitatanye n’ah’amashyamba atanga umwezi mu Bugesera. Za hegitari zirenga 50.000 z’ahantu h’ibiti bitatanye zabonetse mu 1983, ziza kugabanukaho zigera munsi y’ 10.000 mu 1988 (MINAGRI 1988). == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] cvql316hpr7hm0yixwpak3n81mj7eer 0 19098 138866 111389 2026-09-17T13:43:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138866 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibishanga == [[Dosiye:Ibisha.jpg|thumb|Ibishanga]] Kugirango haboneke igisubizo cy’ikibazo cy’iyandura ry’[[amazi]] n'[[Ibishanga mu Rwanda|ibishanga,]] ni ngombwa gushyiraho amategeko n’amabwiriza ajyanye no kugenzura imyanda by’ingandas. Ingufu zirakenewe kugira ngo hashyirwe mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kubona umusaruro mwiza kurushaho mu nganda zose kandi ibi byarushaho kuba byiza biramutse biherekejwe n’ihame rya ‘uwangiza arishyura’ ryatuma inganda zose zangiza zikorera umusaraba w’ibikorwa byazo kandizikagira uruhare rwubaka kurushaho ku birebana n’igabanuka ry’iyanduzwa ry’umutungo w’amazi n’uw’ibidukikije muri rusange.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> [[Dosiye:Ibisga k.jpg|thumb|ibishanga]] == Imicungire == Kunoza imicungire myiza y’amazi: Ku birebana no gucunga neza amazi, ni ngombwa gushyiraho umusingi w’ibikenewe gukorwa wujuje ibya ngombwa byose bizatuma habaho kugenzura no kubungabunga ibikorwa byose uko byakabaye hamwe no gushyira ku gihe amakuru yerekeranye n’ubwiza n’ubwinshi by’amazi y’igihugu. [[Dosiye:Swamp_rice_farming.jpg|thumb|ibishanga]] [[Dosiye:Swamp_Tanganyika_DRC.jpg|thumb|ibishanga]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibishanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] cjchni6ki9jsqdkcjkeyirmvv8io9kp 0 19099 138603 111347 2026-09-17T12:06:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138603 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umutungo == [[Dosiye:Kudaha amazi.jpg|thumb|Amazi]] Gucunga neza umutungo w’amazi mu myaka yashize byibanze ku gutanga amazi hatitawe cyane ku micungire myiza y’umutungo w’amazi no ku bibazo nko kugenzura umutungo w’amazi, gusuzuma ahantu amazi aturuka n’ibindi. Hashingiwe ku mihindurire yo mu rwego rw’amazi, gushyira itangwa ry’amazi n’imikorere yerekeranye n’imitunganyirize y’ahantu n’iy’ibintu birebana na yo muri Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo (MININFRA) mu gihe Minisiteri ishinzwe ibidukikije MINIRENA yari ifite mu nshingano zayo gucunga neza umutungo n’ibijyanye n’ishyirwaho n’iyubahirizwa ry’amabwiriza, gucunga neza umutungo w’amazi kurushaho birashoboka.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> [[Dosiye:Water_drop_001.jpg|thumb|Amazi]] [[Dosiye:Thomas Bresson - Creation-goutte-eau-redim (by).jpg|thumb|amazi]] == Amazi == Hazabyazwa umusaruro ibyiciro by’imikoreshereze y’amazi y’umwimerere ku mpamvu zo kwirema, harimo amahoteli n’izindi nyubako zigenewe imyidagaduro. Ibi byifuzo byose birasaba ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi rizakenera imicungire myiza. [[Dosiye:Water_drop_impact_on_a_water-surface_-_(2).jpg|thumb|amazi]] [[Dosiye:2006-02-13_Drop-impact.jpg|thumb|amazi]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ishyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 8hrdt7xzndhpv5omyn0oey5d9v16i36 0 19103 138669 115383 2026-09-17T12:15:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138669 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kota umuriro.jpg|thumb|ibicanwa|329x329px]] == Ibicanwa == [[Dosiye:Gucana umuriro.jpg|thumb|Umuriro]] Igice kinini cy’ingufu zikoreshwa mu [[Rwanda]] none kiracyagizwe n’inkwi (80,4 ku ijana). Ni muri ubwo buryo hari itemwa ry’amashyamba riteye inkeke mu gihugu rifite ingaruka ku bidukikije. - Ubushobozi bwo kubona amashanyarazi y’imbere mu gihugu ni buke cyane, megawati 72.445 hakoreshejwe uburyo bwose bushoboka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref> == Umuriro == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuriro]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 9kjayo1l7ga2cf0twk8ysdefvrg1ljh 0 19117 138604 116870 2026-09-17T12:06:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138604 wikitext text/x-wiki == Imyuzure == [[Dosiye:Stream between Maeganeku and Moon Beach.jpg|thumb|Imyuzure|122x122px]] Imyuzure n’inkangu mu [[Rwanda]] bijyana akenshi no kwaduka kw’indwara zikomoka ku mazi kandi ziterwa n’amazi nka malariya, impiswi, macinya n’ubwandu bw’udukoko two mu myanda bita ‘’virusi’’ cyane cyane kubera kz’amavomero n’amazi yo butaka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> [[Dosiye:Flooded building and tree trunk in the muddy water of the Mekong in Si Phan Don, Laos, September 2019.jpg|thumb|127x127px|Imyuzure murwanda]] [[Dosiye:2024 Floods 06.jpg|thumb|147x147px|Imyuzure m'Urwanda]] == Rwanda == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] rugynisv9y7ubbu7y3ysuhhhgpbc09i 0 19121 138633 109590 2026-09-17T12:10:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138633 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umuti == [[Dosiye:Ikirere c'ikabonobono.jpg|thumb|ikirere]] Guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere: U Rwanda rwasanze hari ibintu 6 byihutirwa mu guhangana n’Imihindagurikire y’ikirere:<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> * Gucunga neza Umutungo kandi ; uburyo Bukomatanyije (IWRM); * Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru kugira ngo inzego zishinzwe amazi n’izishinzwe ubumenyi bw’ikirere n’ubuhinzi zigire icyo zimenya hakiri kare no gushyiraho inamba zo gutabara bidatinze; * Guteza imbere ibikorwa byo mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bisuganyije; * Guteza imber ibikorwa bitari iby’ubuhinzi bibyara inyungu; * Kuzana amoko ahangana n’ibihe bikabije; * Gutunganya amasoko y’ingufu asimbura inkwi zo gucana. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 9js7fxc5pfgn2m8jo5nwc9c0jx5soye 0 19122 138822 109593 2026-09-17T13:09:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138822 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kugabanya == [[Dosiye:Bevroren landschap bij zonsopgang. It Súd De Fryske Marren 02.jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije]] Ishami rishinzwe guhuza ibikorwa byo Gucunga neza Impanuka ryakoze iyigwa ryerekeranye no gusuzuma ibangamirwa ryo mu rwego rw’impanuka mu turere tw’ Igihugu dukunze guhungabana, cyane cyane uduce tw’amajyaruguru, utw’uburengerazuba n’utw’amajyepfo tw’Igihugu. Ikipe y’impuguke mu byerekeranye n’ibirunga ya Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma ifatanije na Kaminuza y’u Rwanda. Ikurikiranira hafi imigendekere y’[[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|ibirunga.]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Ibidukikije == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] la5jfp0p9ixtq2x5pl4gmq8wb7fojpr 0 19123 138605 109601 2026-09-17T12:06:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138605 wikitext text/x-wiki == Impanuka == [[Dosiye:Ikirere cyaburera.jpg|thumb|ikirere]] Ibi bituma habaho impanuka nk[[Imvura ya mahindu|’imvura]] z’amahindu, izuba, imyuzure, inkangu, imitingito, kuruka kw’ibirunga n’ibyorezo.Kumenya ibihe hakiri kare, gutabaza vuba, imiti n’ibindi bikoresho ni ngombwa mu gucunga neza, mu kugabanya ibangamirwa no mu gucubya impanuka. Gukanguraa abaturage ni ingirrakamaro kugirango bamenye buryo ki bagabanya ibangamirwa n’iyangirika ry’ibintu riterwa n’impanuka witandukanye, bitba ibyo hagafatwa izindi ngamba zo guteganya no gucubya impanuka .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Ikirere == Serivisi Nyarwanda y’Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere nta bushobozi buhagije iffite bwo gutaangga ibimenyetso bihagije, amakuru n’ibitekerezo kubera abakozi babishoboye badahagije, qhqntu hqtqndukanye ho gupima ikirere hadahagije n’ibikoresho bigenewe gukurikiranira hafi ibimenyetso bidahagije. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] ptiad2g5aw2b8b7kaxtd4ovqqqbanxf 0 19134 138656 109727 2026-09-17T12:14:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138656 wikitext text/x-wiki == Igishanga == [[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb|Igishanga]] '''Gutiza igishanga kidakomye''' ni urwego rubifitiye ububasha rushobora gutiza [[Umwana|umuntu]] cyangwa urwego rwa Leta igishanga kidakomye hagamijwe kukibyaza umusaruro. Mu gutiza ubutaka bw’igishanga kidakomye hitabwa ku nyungu z’abaturage basanzwe bagikoresha cyangwa abagituriye mu gihe bujuje ibisabwa, Gutiza igishanga kidakomye bikorwa mu buryo bw’amasezerano akorwa hagati y’urwego rubifitiye ububasha n’uwasabye gukoresha icyo gishanga wemerewe gutizwa hashingiwe ku mushinga uzakorerwamo.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abadepite-bemeje-ishingiro-ry-umushinga-w-itegeko-rigenga-ubutaka-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/imiryango-12-ituriye-ibishanga?lang=rw</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Igishanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] k18hbxp7k5vm6ytw45zcriouhaac6fj 0 19138 138823 109735 2026-09-17T13:09:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138823 wikitext text/x-wiki == Igishanga == [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|igishanga]] '''Amafaranga asabwa uwatijwe igishanga kidakomye,''' Umuntu wese wasinye amasezerano yo gutizwa igishanga kidakomye agomba kwishyura amafaranga yo gutizwa icyo gishanga kidakomye. Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano ze agena ingano y’amafaranga yo gutizwa igishanga kidakomye n’uburyo yishyurwa.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abadepite-bemeje-ishingiro-ry-umushinga-w-itegeko-rigenga-ubutaka-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/imiryango-12-ituriye-ibishanga?lang=rw</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Igishanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] jgfxtx2p4znu478559h8ivm7am3ykuj 0 19161 138657 136173 2026-09-17T12:14:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138657 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mulindi12.jpg|thumb]] '''Rwanda Fertiliser Company''' ni uruganda rwubatswe rutwaye asaga Miliyoni 19.2 z’Amadolari (abarirwa muri Miliyari 24 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda), nk’uko byatangajwe n’abarushinze. == Rwanda Fertiliser Company == Rwanda Fertiliser Company ni uruganda rwubatswe mu cyanya cyahariwe inganda cya Bugesera mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka bugesera]]. Rukaba rwitezweho kuzakora ingano y’ifumbire iruta kure iyo u [[Rwanda]] rwakoreshaga muri iki gihe ku mwaka, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’imibare itangwa na Minisitiri y’Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Ikindi RFC(Rwanda Fertiliser Company) ifite brand 4 arizo: Tweze, Twihaze, Ongera na Ongera+<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/u-rwanda-rwungutse-uruganda-ruzajya-rukora-toni-ibihumbi-100-by-ifumbire-ku-mwaka</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 17rmmgm3ffjr2ez70l1cr8pb1logvvo 0 19170 138824 117270 2026-09-17T13:09:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138824 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bus for plane passengers for Rwandair.jpg|thumb]] '''Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera''' ni ikibuga cy'indege zagisivure kiri kubakwa mu [[Rwanda]] , mu karere ka bugesera mu intara y'iburasirazuba hafi y'umujyi wa Rilima . Aha hantu 25 kilometres (16 mi), n'ikirere, hamwe na 40 kilometres (25 mi), kumuhanda, mumajyepfo yikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ikibuga-cy-indege-cya-bugesera-kizuzura-mu-2027-2028</ref> == Ibindi == Ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera kizahinduka ikibuga kinini cy’u Rwanda, gikora ingendo z’ubucuruzi zerekeza no kuva mu [[Kigali|mujyi]] munini wa [[Kigali]] . Nikirangira, kizaba ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya gatatu cy’u Rwanda, n’ikibuga cy’indege cya 8 muri rusange. Bizuzuza ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali, ubu kikaba gifite ubushobozi ntarengwa.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ikibuga-cy-indege-cya-bugesera-ntikizarenza-2024-kitaruzura-perezida-kagame</ref> == Ikibuga == Muri Nzeri 2016, guverinoma y'u Rwanda yasinyanye amasezerano na Mota-Engil wo muri [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] yo gutera inkunga, kubaka no gukoresha ikibuga cy'indege gishya mu gihe cy'imyaka 25 byemejwe na guverinoma, amasezerano ashobora kongerwa indi myaka 15. Mota-Engil yemeye gutanga miliyoni 418 z'amadolari yo gutera inkunga icyiciro cya mbere cyo kubaka. Biteganijwe ko ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi bizatangira muri 2018. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] 3ybnpoa66dvgdl0htfq5en6d5noqbsd 0 19202 138825 117371 2026-09-17T13:09:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urubyiruko rw'irwamagana''' ni urubyiruko rwo mu bigo by’amashuri abananza ndetse no mumashuri y'isumbuye ndetse hakazamo nurubyiruko rubarizwa mu mashuri ma kuri ndetse na kaminuza byo mu mujyi wa [[Rwamagana]] bakaba bari mubahawe inyigisho zigamije gukumira irwandu bw'irwara zigiye zitandukanye.<ref name=":0">https://igisabo.rw/2024/05/13/rwamagana-bamwe-mu-rubyiruko-bamaze-kumenya-uburyo-bwo-kwirinda-sida/</ref> == Rwamagana == Muri make abantu ibihumbi 219 nibo bafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa Virus itera Sida mu rubyiruka bagera kuri 3% mu gihe abashya bari kuboneka muri kino gihe nangana na 8/1000,Aba [[Umwana|bana]] nk’abakobwa bi Rwamagana bavuga ko Sida Ari icyorezo cyagombye gukumirwa na buri wese kuko nta muti nta rukingo kandi ngo kwifata buri wese ya bishobora yacikwa akitabaza Agakingirizo. Ngizo inama za bamwe mu bana n’abanyeshuri bo mu bigo byo mumujyi wa Rwamagana.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] o8agily65uqxpsfde0mommqduum8edf 0 19203 138644 133420 2026-09-17T12:11:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruhare rw’Umuturage mu Iterambere no kubimukorerwa''' Iyi ni insanganyamatsiko cyangwa se ni intego y’Inama Njyanama y’[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] mu intara y'iburasirazuba bwu Rwanda, aho yahisemo mu gikorwa cyo kwegera abaturage,  hagamijwe ahanini kubatega amatwi kubakemurira bimwe mu bibazo bafite, kubashishikariza gukomeza kugira uruhare mubibakorerwa kugira ngo biteze imbere kurushaho .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2023/05/18/rwamagana-uruhare-rwumuturage-mu-iterambere-no-kubimukorerwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-22 |archive-date=2024-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822082440/https://igisabo.rw/2023/05/18/rwamagana-uruhare-rwumuturage-mu-iterambere-no-kubimukorerwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imitere == [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Akarere ka rwamagana]] iki ni igikorwa cyitwa Njyanama mu baturage, batangije kuri uyu wa kane Tariki ya18  kugeza kuwa 20 Gicurasi 2023, aho abagize Njyanama bafashe gahunda yo  kugenderera abashyize mu myanya y’Ubuyobozi barimo nk’uko Perezida w’Inama njyanama y’Akarare ka Rwamgana ndetse nabandi bose bagize jyanama ndetse n'abandi bose bagize komite nyobozi y'akarere ka Rwamagana .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] 0rljvie2hmoydkwk0tv0e0tk7wlosgs 0 19204 138670 133498 2026-09-17T12:15:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruganda Irebere Wumve Ltd''' ni uruganda rwashinzwe na Mateso Evode, ni uruganda rusazwe rutunga inibobwa aho rutunganya inzoga zigiye zitandukanye aha twavuga ibyitwa yitwa Intsinzi, aho rusanzwe rifite uburenganzira bwogukora bw'ubuziranenge mubanyarwanda .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2020/10/09/nyakariro-uruganda-irebere-wumve-rutunganya-inzoga-yitwa-intsinzi-ruzirikana-ibyo-abanyarwanda-bakunda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-22 |archive-date=2024-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822103242/https://igisabo.rw/2020/10/09/nyakariro-uruganda-irebere-wumve-rutunganya-inzoga-yitwa-intsinzi-ruzirikana-ibyo-abanyarwanda-bakunda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Irebere wumwe == Uruganda Irebere Wumve ni uru uruganda ruherereye mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]] umurenge wa Nyakariro, mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], uyu Murenge ukaba ukungahaye ku buhinzi bw’urutoki, aho abantu babone ibyo kunywa bitabagiraho ingaruka ku mubiri, ni uruganda rufasha bafashe ingamba zo guhangana n’abantu bashobora kuba bakwigana ikinyobwa cyabo kuko bagikurikirana neza kuva mu ruganda kugeza kigeze ku baguzi cyangwa abakiriya bibinyobwa byayo. <ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] 9q1wvch2b5i09xqvl6osinv5bov7w8i 0 19210 138826 133499 2026-09-17T13:10:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''uruganda rwa''' '''Sogongera ltd''' ni uruganda runzwi aho rwenga inzoga ikundwa na benshi yitwa Indege rukaba ruherereye mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] umurenge wa Nyamata. uruganda rwa Sogongera ltd ni uruganda rwashinzwe kandi ruyoborwa na Nsengumuremyi Emmanuel .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2020/12/06/made-in-rwanda-inganda-zitunganya-ibinyobwa-bisembuye-zibonye-ibikoresho-bigezweho-zakora-neza-kurushaho/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-22 |archive-date=2024-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822133952/https://igisabo.rw/2020/12/06/made-in-rwanda-inganda-zitunganya-ibinyobwa-bisembuye-zibonye-ibikoresho-bigezweho-zakora-neza-kurushaho/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Uruganda == Uruganda Sogongera Ltd ni uru ruganda rukoresha abakozi barenga 90 rukaba rwarashyize imbere umusaruro w’urutoki aho ruwugurira abaturage hirya no hino muri Bugesera, byafashije abahaturiye guhindura ubuzima,niyo mpamvu narwo rwashyize ku rutonde rw’inganda ziciriritse zibarizwa mucyaro mu [[Rwanda]] .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] au480sxfjdohgrlbxtwd37fmk0y9xya 0 19239 138618 130739 2026-09-17T12:07:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138618 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urubyiruko rwa Club Umuhuza''' ni urubyiruko rubarizwa muri Rwamagana, aho barwanya ruswa n’akarengane ni bimwe mu byibarwaho mu biganiro bihabwa urubyiruko biciye mu mikino n’imyidagaduro bikorwa bigiye bitandukanye hirya no hino na Club Umuhuza mu karere ka Rwamagana muri Intara y'uburasirazuba bwu Rwanda, aho niho ibi bikorwa bimaze gusakazwa mu gihugu hose.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-urubyiruko-rwa-club-umuhuza-rutoza-abandi-kurwanya-ruswa-nakarengane/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-23 |archive-date=2024-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517100626/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-urubyiruko-rwa-club-umuhuza-rutoza-abandi-kurwanya-ruswa-nakarengane/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umuhuza == Club Umuhuza ifite imyaka 10 imaze yigisha urubyiruko n’abakuze kugira uruhare mu kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane, bimwe mu bikorwa n’iyi Club harimo ibiganiro bitandukanye, imikino n’imyidagaduro ifite ubutumwa bwo kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane, mu myidagaduro ubutumwa butangwa mu mivugo, ikinamico ndetse n’imbyino gakondo zifite ubutumwa bwihariye bwo kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] p6zuy9ghw5iga5ugt1d0mgcyp8ecntr 0 19259 138645 117481 2026-09-17T12:11:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutima w'urugo mu mihigo kurwego rwa mu karere ka Bugesera''' aha nibwo abagore bahagarariye abandi kuva ku rwego rw’Akagari kugeza ku rwego rw’Akarere baba bagombwa guhuriraga mu nama rusange y’inama y'igihugu y'abagore ku rwego rw'[[akarere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]] . y’Igihugu y’Abagore yari igamije kungurana inama .<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-imirenge-yahize-indi-mu-kwesa-imihigo-ya-mutima-wurugo-yahembwe/</ref> == Urugo == Mutima w'urugo mu mihigo ni umuhigo wa Mutima w’urugo harimo imihigo yo gukurikirana ingo mbonezamikurire, kwita ku isuku n’isukura mu ngo, kurengera ibidukukije, kurwanya amakimbirane mu muryango, guhugura abagore gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, kwizigama no guhanga imishinga ibyara inyungo no kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira mu bana bato.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] sytnsqhxdfhl8fgt2fd6n2rgu9d3q10 0 19274 138827 117505 2026-09-17T13:10:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138827 wikitext text/x-wiki Shuwa Dilu ni filime yakinwe mu rurimi rw'[[ikinyarwanda]], ikaba ari iya Sosiyete ikora amafilime yitwa Zacu Entertainiment,<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/144172/filime-nyarwanda-yuruhererekane-shuwa-dilu-yuzuye-urwenya-rwinshi-yatangiye-kwerekanwa-vid-144172.html</ref> yayobowe n'umuyobozi w'amafilime witwa Niyoyita Roger.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/papa-sava-bamenya-na-dr-nsabii-bahuriye-muri-filime-nshya-shuwa-dilu-video</ref> Iyi filime ishingiye ku nkuru y'abasore batatu badahuje imyitwarire bafatanya gukodesha inzu kugira ngo bagabane igiciro cy'ubuzima buhenze buba buri mu mujyi wa Kigali. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} tghhnno6ei7i23tsme1t09f8piiri1s 0 19298 138806 117573 2026-09-17T12:59:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akarere ka Rwamagana''' kari mu mu turere twagenewe kugaragira umujyi wa Kigali zitwa satellite city , ibi bituma aka karere kagira umwihariko haba mu bikorwaremezo, mu kwagura umujyi ndetse no kuwuturamo cyangwa kuwukoreramo, nyamara hari abagaragaza impungenge no kutabyishimira kuko aka karere kagizwe n’ubutaka bwera cyane.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/politiki/iterambere-ryumujyi-wa-rwamagana-rizahuzwa-rite-nubutaka-bwera-bukomeje-gutuzwaho-abantu/</ref> == Ubutaka == [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Akaree ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], hari igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda nkuko bigaragara ku rubuga rwa interineti rw’Ikigo Gishinzwe Imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda, Umujyi wa Rwamagana ukazaba umujyi w’ubucuruzi no gutunganya umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, Umujyi wa Kigali uzagaragirwa n’indi mijyi itatu iwukikije ariyo Muhanga, Bugesera na Rwamagana.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwamagana]] 02fifk1br35taed6u5fa41owrjewxq2 0 19302 138606 117580 2026-09-17T12:06:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imirire mwiza muri Bugesera''' kuya 17 Nyakanga 2024 ni igihe kimwe ababyeyi bagera kuri 53 bari bafite abana barwaye imirire mibi biyemeje kudasubira inyuma mu kwita ku buzima bw’abana babo nyuma yo guhabwa inyigisho zo kwita ku buzima bw’umwana ndetse bakanarushaho guhugura ababyeyi bagenzi babo mu gutegura neza indyo yuzuye hagamijwe kurinda abana babo imirire mibi n’igwingira.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/bugesera-abari-barwaje-imirire-mibi-bahawe-impamba-izatuma-batongera-kuyirwaza/</ref> == Ababyeyi == Imirire mwiza muri Bugesera yizihizwa ubwo bahabwaga impamyabushobozi ijyanye n’amasomo yo kwita ku buzima bw’umwana, banorozwa amatungo magufi azabafasha kwikura mu bukene, Rwasa Patrick ni umunyamabanga shingwabikorwa w'umurenge wa Rweru, ashimira umufatanyabikorwa w’[[Akarere ka Bugesera]], [[Gasore Serge Foundation]] wagize uruhare mu kwigisha aba babyeyi kwita ku buzima bw’abana babo .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] 507t5u12t07e8nt371natgm71mn9tv5 0 19307 138646 117586 2026-09-17T12:11:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishuri ribanza rya Mbyo''' ni ishuri riherereye mu kagari ka Mbyo mu murenge wa Mayange mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]], aho ari inshuri ribanza rya mashuri abanza , ndetse hari amashuri y'ishuke ndetse n'amashui y'isumbuye , ni ishuri riri kwita ukurushaho kwita ku ireme ry’uburezi mu nguni zaryo zose kugira ngo umwana abashe kuguma ku ishuri.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/uburezi/bugesera-minisitiri-uwamariya-yasuye-ibigo-byamashuri-mu-kugenzura-ireme-ryuburezi/</ref> == Muri Mbyo == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] p8db409g76nvggo9j0s162dzzg19mqw 0 19313 138607 117592 2026-09-17T12:06:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bugesera Lodge''' ni Hoteri iherereye mu burasirazuba bwu Rwanda ni rero mukarere kari mu Kagari ka Nyamata mu mujyi w' u [[Nyamata|Murenge wa Nyamata]], [[akarere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|ntara y'Uburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://www.eurobookings.com/ntarama-hotels-rw/bugesera-lodge.html</ref> == Serivisi == Hoteri ya Bugesera Lodge itanga serivisi ku bakiriya bifuza kurara, kwakira ubukwe, pisine, masage, ifunguro na resitora, siporo gym, n'ibyumba by'inama.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] ciscpto3z5u0mbph9cuhf7x1bvv66vr 0 19322 138807 117606 2026-09-17T13:08:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''GS. Kamabuye''' ni ishuri ryitwa goupe scolaire Kamabuye, ni ishuri ry'isumbuye ribarizwa mu mashuri ari ya leta miu [[Rwanda]], riri ryo mu Murenge wa Ntarama aho rigenzurwa na Mineduc binyuze muri Reb .<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/uburezi/bugesera-minisitiri-uwamariya-yasuye-ibigo-byamashuri-mu-kugenzura-ireme-ryuburezi/</ref> == Serivisi == GS. Kamabuye ni ikigo cya leta gitanga amasomo agiye atandukanye byose bishingiye ku ireme ry'uburezi mu Rwanda, hakaba hari icyiciro rusange mu mashuri y'isumbuye, ndetse n'ibindi masomo y'ashuri y'isumbuye. iri shuri ribarizwa mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka BUgesera]]. <ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] 4mfe2zigd8vjew7yzocea9fyxtoxdr4 0 19324 138739 136800 2026-09-17T12:32:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT ESPOIR DE L'AVENIR SCHOOL''''' '''''(Ibyo wamenya ku ishuri rya ESPOIR DE L'AVENIR)''''' '''''Ecole Espoir de l’Avenir cyangwa se ikigo cya Espoir''''' ni ikigo cy’amashuri giherereye mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y’iburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] mu murenge wa Nyamata, Munsi ya gare ya Nyamata. Iki kigo gifite amashuri y'incuke Nursery 1-3 biga muri sisiteme y'Igifaransa. Kikagira n'amashuri abanza P1-P6 biga muri sisiteme y'Icyongereza. Iki kigo kirazwi cyane mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu, kikaba cyaramamaye kubera gutsindisha neza mu bizamini bya leta mu mashuri abanza.<ref name=":0">https://igisabo.rw/2021/04/23/gusigasira-uburezi-bufite-ireme-ni-intego-twiyemeje-ecole-espoir-de-lavenir/</ref> Igihe cyose utwaye umwana kuri iri shuri baramwakira Kandi bakamushyira muri sisiteme ituma azatsinda ikizamini cya Leta. Abanza baho bigishwa gukora cyane no kwiga amasomo yose uhereye ku mibare. Akarusho k'iri shuri rifite imodoka zifasha muri Transport aho ritwara abanyeshuri kuva muri GAHANGA ya Kicukiro, Ntarama, Kanzenze, Carriers, Arrete, Lapalise, Maranyundo, Gahembe, MAYANGE, na Riziyeri. Ushobora gusura iri shuri I NYAMATA aho rikorera cyangwa ugakurikirana ibikorwa byazo kuri izi mbuga nkoranyambaga. Whatsap == Ugutsinda kwa espoir de l'avenir == Ikigo cya espoir ahari muri mwaka wa 2017 kandi iki kigo cyagize umwana wabaye uwa  4 mu gihugu witwa Muhire Igor, muri 2018 Espoir de l’Avenir yagize umwana wabaye uwa 3 yitwa kagoyire, naho 2019 iki kigo cyagize umwana wabaye uwa  4 mu gihugu witwa Rubayiza no mu yindi myaka yakurikiyeho kagiye kigira abanyeshuri ba mbere mu gihugu nk'uwitwa KAZUBWENGE VANESSA, ....<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] a69tl1f57v8rauci6zwwhzvvedo4nty 0 19396 138658 132123 2026-09-17T12:14:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''A selfish Woman,''' ni filime ivuga ku nkuru y’umwari (Joella) uba warasigiwe inshingano zo kwita ku bavandimwe be ( James na Ange) nyuma y’uko abayeyi be bakoze icyaha kigatuma bashakishwa n’ubutabera bagatoroka.<ref name=":0">https://muhaziyacu.rw/siporo-imyidagaduro/abanyarwamagana-bari-gukina-filime-igaruka-ku-kudatezuka-ku-wo-uri-we-bitewe-nisezerano/</ref> == Amateka == Iyi filime yatangijwe urubyiruko rwo mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]]. Ni filme ishingiye ku mukobwa uba ufite ibyo yasezeranyije iwabo agomba kubakorera ariko ibyo ashaka kubakorera bigatuma yirengagizwa ibyo ashaka nk’umuntu kuko inshingano aba yaremereye iwabo zibangamira ubuzima bwe, abantu yakundaga arabareka, ibyo yakabaye akora akabireka kugira ngo anezeze abo yasezeranyije.<ref name=":0" /> Igice cya mbere n’icya kabiri cyayo kigizwe n'uduce 60 ikindi izanjya isohoka inshuro ebyiri mu cyumweru, ica ku murongo wa Youtube witwa [https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=A+selfish+Woman+rwanda&&mid=4A1CB3FB318641241FC04A1CB3FB318641241FC0&churl=https%3a%2f%2fwww.youtube.com%2fchannel%2fUCa2eXStk38iAGeA6KErRnPQ&FORM=VAMGZC Indongozi Muzika.] Mu bakinnyi bayirimo bazwi harimo Mugabo Cosette usanzwe umenyerewe mu gukina filme, Kwizera wamenyekanye ubwo yashakanaga n’umugore umurusha imyaka 27 n’abandi batandukanye, Iyi filime ikazajya isohoka inshuro ebyiri mu cyumweru. == Umwanditsi == Umuyobozi w’iyi Filime akanaba uwayanditse, Ishimwe Unique Olivier yavuze ko yakoze iyi fiilme agamije kugaragaza ingaruka zo gukora wishushanya muri rubanda ukigira uwo utari we kugira ngo ushimwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] ggv5vrwlbmc06wgaphs16rjf7elci5s 0 19434 138808 117885 2026-09-17T13:08:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138808 wikitext text/x-wiki Michel Mpambara yavutse 1973 ni umunyarwanda akaba ari umukinnyi wa filimi ukorera mu [[Rwanda]] no hanze kumugabane wa afurika . <ref name=":0">https://www.imdb.com/search/name/?birth_place=rwanda</ref> == Filimi == Michel Mpambara akaba yarakinnye muri filimi zigiye zitandukanye aha twavuga nka '''Comment conquérir l'Amérique (2004)''', iyitwa '''Faro, iyindi ya la reine des eaux (2007)''' ndetse na '''Pour toujours,''' hamwe na '''les Canadiens! (2009)'''.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] c42ol137p41pqhi30m1n4jndhx1as7i 0 19474 138828 132983 2026-09-17T13:10:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dusabimana Israel''' ni umunyarwanda ukora umwuga wo gukina, kwandika, gutunganya amajwi no kuyobora filime . <ref>https://maishafilmlab.org/maisha-alumni/israel-dusabimana/</ref><ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/146907/dusabimana-israel-yahishuye-uko-joel-karekezi-yamuciriye-inzira-yo-kwandika-filime-zirenga-146907.html#google_vignette</ref> Yatangiye ubuhanzi bwe ahereye ku kuririmba no kwandika indirimbo. indirimbo ya mbere yashyize hanze yitwaga Umuvumo, ubu akaba yandika indirimbo za korali abarizwamo . <ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:DUSABIMANA_ISRAEL.jpg|thumb|Dusabimana Israel]] yakomereje umuwuga we w'ubuhanzi mu kwandika no gukina filime, yandika zimwe muri fiime zamenyekanye mu [[Rwanda]] zirimo My Insight, Ishusho ya Papa, Agahinda ka LIza, Sacred Love n'Indoto yamenyekanye cyane kubera kunyura kuri televiziyo Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 3dhshidap6g2mw1ru6fpu8yeg1e1h5v 0 19512 138659 118234 2026-09-17T12:14:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''TTC Muhanga''' ni ikigo cy'amashuri y'isumbuye cy'ikaba giherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'amajyepho]] yu [[Rwanda]], mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]], mu murenge wa Muhanga, ni ikgo cy'igisha abantu umwuga wo kwigisha , ni igigo nderabarezi .<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ttc-muhanga-isoko-ryo-kugemura-ibiribwa/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] 3ecja0oqhwxjpvf1pduj95h5icb8eyw 0 19522 138829 118292 2026-09-17T13:10:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''College Marie Reine De La Paix rwamagana''' ni ishuri riherereye muri Rwamagana ryegamiye kuri kiriziya gatolike, kandi ryigenga riherereye mu muri [[akarere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] .<ref>https://rw80506-college-marie-reine-de-la-paix.contact.page/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] 4lh8taetsyuf3l36dg2rqtxm56k9h36 0 19745 138608 132811 2026-09-17T12:06:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138608 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Intore zacu.jpg|thumb|Ibyivugo by'intore mu byagaruwe n'Ububirigi]] '''Umurage w'amajwi ububirigi bwasubije u [[Rwanda]]''' aha ni umurage ugaragaza amateka yu Rwanda aho ukubiyemo amabango, y’[[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] [[Umuco nyarwanda|Nyarwanda]] w’abantu baba hamwe ndetse uko igisekuru ibisekuruza bigenda bikurikira biha ibindi, ukaba ikirango kibumbatiye ubuhanga, imibereho n’ubuhangange byabo.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/umurage/article/ibitaravuzwe-ku-murage-w-amajwi-u-bubiligi-bwasubije-u-rwanda</ref> == Amajwi == Umurage w'amajwi yagarutse i Rwanda ni ahagana muri2021, niho u Bubiligi bwasubije u Rwanda umurage w’amajwi akubiyemo ibihangano birimo [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]], [[inanga]], [[ibyivugo]] bigera ku 4095 byafashwe kuva muri 1954 kugeza muri 2007.Amajwi yiganjemo indirimo zo mu bihe bya kera ariko n’ubu bigikunzwe n’[[Abana|abato]] kimwe hamwe n’abakuru.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 1qhjmpjgef05r1ft3tplerb7e25k6g4 0 19758 138705 132747 2026-09-17T12:24:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138705 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda cultural home.jpg|thumb|Umuco]] '''Inteko y'Umuco''' ni kimwe mu bigo bya Leta mu [[Rwanda]] cyashyizweho n'Iteka rya Perezida nomero 082/01 ryo ku wa 28/08/2020 kugira ngo kibungabunge umurage w’Igihugu kandi kirinde ururimi rw’[[Ikinyarwanda]], umuco n’indangangaciro zawo nk’umusingi w’ubumwe n’agaciro by’Abanyawanda .<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/umurage/article/mu-rwanda-hamuritse-ikigo-kizafasha-urubyiruko-kubyaza-umusaruro-umuco-n</ref> == Ibindi == Kuva Inteko y'Umuco yashyirwaho mu mwaka wa 2020 yahawe inshingano cumi n'icyenda (19) zikubiye mu nkingi eshanu (5) ari na zo zinyuzwamo ibikorwa bijyanye no kubungabunga umurage ndangamuco, kurengera ururimi rw'Ikinyarwanda, guteza imbere umuco n'indangagaciro, serivisi z'Inkoranyabitabo n'Ishinguranyandiko ndetse no guteza imbere inganda ngangamuco.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] flsceb7uvzmgphdk9htzq53m4qk68us 0 19762 138870 132673 2026-09-17T13:44:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138870 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda ikigage.jpg|thumb|Imbetezi]] '''Imbetezi''' ni ibivuzo cyangwa [[ikigage]] kimaze iminsi bari kunnyaho maze ibisigaye byohasi mu kibindi akaba aribyo ibyo mu [[Rwanda]] .<ref name=":0">https://www.ktradio.rw/2020/04/15/gisagara-uruganda-rutunganya-umutobe-wibitoki-rwadindijwe-na-coronavirus/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/gisagara-uruganda-rutunganya-umutobe-w-ibitoki-rwadindijwe-na-coronavirus</ref> == Uko ziboneka == Imbetezi ziboneka iyo ikigage cyanggwa umusururu iyo ushize mu kibindi rero ibyo bisigarizwa rero biri mu kibindi nibyo byibivamo nyuma Imbetezi byanyuze mu masaka bakaza kuyahinduramo amamera bakayaswa aribyo bizavamo imbetezi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] mz0as269dswx0gryvdjseotxtwi064b 0 19784 138671 132680 2026-09-17T12:15:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138671 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikibindi kirimo imiheha.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Amatera]] '''Amatera''' cyangwa se '''umutera''' biterwa n'ahantu ahariho, ni ibivuzo bogeyemo [[amazi]] bagashingamo [[Umuheha|imiheha]] bakannya .<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mu-kigage-habamo-iki-gitera-abantu-kujya-mu-bitaro</ref> == Amatera == Amatera cyangwa se nanone umutera ni ukuvuga igihe ikigage cy'iba cyashize mu kibindi cyangwa se agacuma maze haba hamaze gusigara imbetezi gusa , icyi gihe ushyiramo amazi, maze ukavanga ubundi ugashyiramo amazi ukagotomera .<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] m4mbgna1lizbhx0w2pov3nmx31tq7pb 0 19786 138868 132784 2026-09-17T13:43:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138868 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imyambaro y'intore.jpg|thumb|Ubukannyi]] '''Ubukannyi''' ni ukuboha mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere, ukaba ari wari umurimo ukomeye, ukaba ari wo wafashaga kubona imyambaro bambara cyane cyane ikozwe mu ruhu cyangwa ibiti. Aha rero Imyenda bambaraga ikaba yari ikoze mu bisigazwa by’ibihingwa, no mu mpu z’[[amatungo]] babaze .<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/imyuga-yacwekereye-kandi-yarafashaga-abanyarwanda-ba-kera-kwirwanaho</ref> == Ubukannyi == Ubukannyi reri nibumwe bafite umumaro ukomeye mu muryango nyarwanda kuko nibo bari bagize uruganda rukora imyambaro bambaraga mu bihe bya kera, uwo murimo barawubahirwaga kugeza ku ndunduro y’[[ingoma]] ya cyami mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 8wi22e62o4qiffnt1j8tyt2mn6kz6at 0 19802 138871 132662 2026-09-17T13:44:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138871 wikitext text/x-wiki Ni inturo y’umujinya [[Dosiye:Amacumu.jpg|thumb|kwivuga]] Ya Rutigerera igicuku Yenze ibara ry’igishwi n’ikibiribiri Ihirika mu Buranga Itunguka kwa Nzogiroshya Ibona Kibamba yaraye ku mutambika w’urusende Rusake ihina ibikwoha Ikubiramo ibirokoroko iramiraza Imbeba yaraye mu muheno Iti «ngiye kubaza ibyo!» Iyikoma ijanja Iheruka gukoma ejo Yigira mu Cyibumba kwa Nyamurinda Kwirira uduhirivi two mu rubingo. Mu kinyarwanda baca umugani ngo «inturo ntimenya aho yafashe inkoko.» Mu kinyarwanda baca umugani kandi ngo «intumbi y’inturo ntishira amabinga.»<ref>[https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=13182e0a2e613afc2cd8c665aa755e85fefd&vario=153cef42d16b31e7846ea14544bddaddae0&titNm=Icyivugo%20cy%27inturo%20: https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/mordet.php?titID=13182e0a2e613afc2cd8c665aa755e85fefd&vario=153cef42d16b31e7846ea14544bddaddae0&titNm=Icyivugo%20cy%27inturo%20:]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] 4qc0l2600fek4ys16at61nt1ekzsgh0 0 19834 138873 132796 2026-09-17T13:44:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umugara w'intore.jpg|thumb|269x269px|Umugara]] [[Dosiye:Umugara1.jpg|left|thumb|235x235px|Umugara]] '''Umugara w'intore''' ni umwambaro intore z'[[Umugabo|abagabo]] zambara ku mutwe yabo, ukaba ukoze mu migwegwe, ukaba ari umwe mu mitako mwiza iranga uranga intore nyarwanda, ukiwubona uhita ubonaka ari intore.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/urucyerereza-rwaserukanye-umucyo-muri-rwanda-day-amafoto</ref> == Intore == Ubundi inyamaswa y'intare igira umugara, ariko nanone intore zimbyina imbyino z'erekeranye n'[[umuco nyarwanda]] nazo zingira ibikoresho byitwa umugara.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] g8ugjlgtaaia1y7aszcvgil6iksovrk 0 19840 138672 132738 2026-09-17T12:15:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138672 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Intore pose.jpg|thumb|mu itorero]] '''Itorero''' ni kimwe mu biranga umuco nyarwanda , rikaba ariryo ry'igirwagamo [[umuco nyarwanda]], amateka y'ahatise. Mu itorero niho abakurambee bigishirizaga abato uko bakunda igihugu, kumasha, gukirana ndetse no nindi mikino cyarugamba.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/inkomoko-y-umuhamirizo-w-intore-mu-bigwi-bya-kigeli-rwabugili</ref> == Itorero == Mu itorero niho bigiraga kugukita ingoma, kuba intore hakazamo ndetse nizindi ndagagaciro zirimo Gutora, Gutoza, Itorero . kandi bahigiraga guhamiriza n'ibindi byinshi byerekeye igihugu . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] i8zbqewttpevc1y2wn5ot0g8ha1ufaw 0 19842 138874 132830 2026-09-17T13:44:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwandan traditional wear.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Umwitero]] '''Umwitero''' ni umwe mu myambaro igize [[umushanana]] cyangwa se [[umukenyero]], umwitero ukaba igitambaro umugore cyangwa [[Umugore|umukobwa]] cyangwa se abana uretseko nabo n'[[Umugabo|abagabo]] basigaye bayambara bitera kigice cy'ohejuru nko mu gatuza cyangwa ku mabere, uturuka ku rutugu rumwe ugana hasi mu rucyenyerero kurundi ruhande. <ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/inkomoko-y-umuhamirizo-w-intore-mu-bigwi-bya-kigeli-rwabugili</ref> == Umwitero == Umwitero ugendana n'umushanana , ukaba wambarwa hari ibiroro byabaye . umwitero ushobora kuba usa n'umukenyero gusa nano bishoboara kuba bidasa .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/fashion/umwitero-taking-a-dive-in-contemporary-times.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-03-08 |archive-date=2019-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516190043/http://en.igihe.com/fashion/umwitero-taking-a-dive-in-contemporary-times.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] etef0dt6jvv3v3sy5c26ugyt6727i65 0 19856 138591 132690 2026-09-17T12:04:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Women fanning Sorghum.png|thumb|Amakoma]] '''Amakoma''' ni [[amasaka]] yose yeze akaba ariko akaba atinitse atari amakoma, [[Amamera|Amakoma]] ashobora kubari amasaka y'umweru cynagwa se amasaka y'umutuku .<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/menya-ibyiza-by-amasaka-ikinyampeke-kirusha-ibindi-guhingwa-muri-afurika</ref> == amakoma == Amakoma akoreshwa cyane mu muco nyarwanda, iyo bari gukora ishisho.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] nomktloothqi2roy1hitej1sef77too 0 19896 138592 135990 2026-09-17T12:04:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138592 wikitext text/x-wiki == Umuco Gakondo w’u [[Rwanda]] == Umuco gakondo w’u [[Rwanda]] ushingiye ku bumwe bw’abaturage, icyubahiro, n’imigenzo y’[[ubuvanganzo]] nyemvugo. [[Abanyarwanda]] bafite umurage ukomeye ushingiye ku mahoro, imbyino, umuziki, ubuvanganzo, n’ubukorikori. Dore bimwe mu bigize umuco gakondo w’u [[Rwanda|Rwanda:]] === 1. Imiterere y’Ubutegetsi n’Imibereho === * Mu mateka, u [[Rwanda]] rwari ruyobowe n’[[umwami]] ('''Umwami'''), wari umuntu w’icyubahiro gikomeye, ugafatwa nk’umunyabugenge n’umurinzi w’ubumwe bw’igihugu. * [[Abanyarwanda]] bari bagabanijemo '''amoko''' n’'''ibisata''', bikaba byaragiraga uruhare mu kwihitiramo inkomoko n’umurage. * Abasaza n’abakuru bagiraga icyubahiro kinini kuko bari bafatwa nk’inkingi za mwamba mu gufata ibyemezo by’ingirakamaro.<ref name=":0" /> === 2. Ururimi n’Umurage Nyemvugo === * Ururimi rw’'''Ikinyarwanda''' ni rwo rurimi rusangi kandi rukoreshwa na bose mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]]<ref name=":0">https://www.gov.rw/</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.google.com/search?q=rwanda&oq=rwanda+&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIMCAEQLhgnGIAEGIoFMgYIAhBFGDwyBggDEEUYPDIGCAQQRRg8MgYIBRBFGDwyBggGEEUYPDIGCAcQRRg80gEJMTM4MDdqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 </ref> * Umuco wo kuvuga amazina y’[[inka]], gutaramira hamwe, ndetse no gukoresha imigani n’insigamugani byari ingenzi mu gukomeza amateka n’indangagaciro z’[[Abanyarwanda ba cyera|Abanyarwanda.]]<ref name=":1" /> === 3. Umuziki n’Imbyino Gakondo === * Umuziki n’imbyino byari ingenzi mu birori n’ibikorwa byihariye. * '''[[Intore]]'''<ref>https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/intore-02129</ref> ni imbyino izwi cyane y’abagabo, aho berekana imbaraga n’ubutwari nk’intwari zagarutse zivuye ku rugamba. * '''Umushagiriro''' ni imbyino y’abagore irangwa n’ubwiza n’ubususuruke. * Ibikoresho gakondo birimo '''[[Inanga]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://karahanyuze.com/indirimbo/inanga-2/ffa012e5-9a55-11e6-9ae5-deadbe058832 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-03-26 |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225181906/http://karahanyuze.com/indirimbo/inanga-2/ffa012e5-9a55-11e6-9ae5-deadbe058832 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (igikoresho cy’imirya), '''[[Ingoma]]'''<ref>https://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/rwanda/ingoma.html</ref> (ingoma), na '''Umuduri''' (igikoresho gicurangwa nk’urwambo). === 4. Imyambarire n’Imirimbo === * Abagore bambaraga '''Imishanana''', imyenda iboshye mu buryo bwiza kandi bwihariye, ikambarwa ku minsi mikuru. * Abagabo bambaraga imyenda y’uruhu rw’amatungo cyangwa ibitambaro bisanzwe. [[Dosiye:Umuco wo gusangira.jpg|thumb|255x255px|'''Umuco wo gusangira''']] === 5. Indyo nyarwanda === * Ifunguro gakondo rishingiye ku bihingwa by’iwacu nk’'''ibitoki, ibishyimbo, imyumbati, n’amasaka'''. * '''Ugali''' (ubugali) na '''Isombe''' (ibibabi by’imyumbati bivanze n’inyongera) ni bimwe mu biryo bikunze kugaragara ku meza y’[[Abanyarwanda]]. * [[Dosiye:Umuco wokuboha.jpg|thumb|221x221px|'''Umuco wokuboha''']]'''Ikivuguto''' (amata arimo uducyafu) gifite agaciro gakomeye mu muco w’u [[Rwanda]], kikaba ikimenyetso cy’amahoro n’ubukire. === 6. Ubuzima bw’Urugo n’Uburorerezi === * Mu mateka, '''ubukwe bwari bushingiye ku mishyingiranire yateguwe n’imiryango''', ariko ubu abantu bashyingiranwa ku bw’urukundo. * '''Inkwano''' (inkwano) yatangwaga nk’igitambo cy’ishimwe, aho inka zagiraga agaciro gakomeye. * Umuryango niwo shingiro ry’ubuzima bw’[[Abanyarwanda]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 6mkgzfzjtq1xlt0vpmwmvmqv1m6zso3 0 19938 138875 132783 2026-09-17T13:44:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138875 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bimwe mubikoresho gakondo wasanga ku mizi ya Nyabingi.jpg|thumb|Ubuhiri]] '''Ubuhiri''' ni igiti cya cyera cya koreshwaga mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco Nyarwanda]], cyabaga gifite amabango gikomeye cyane, cyikaba baragikoreshaga mu mu kwasa inkwi, nicyo bategaga igiti bagiye kwasa bigafasha uwasa korohorwa nnicyo yasa , gusa aha bagkoreshaga Imangu .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/article/inteko-y-ururimi-n-umuco</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] dl5ss02m4l58clhx8j5k6f5ip7ttul4 0 20202 138876 123175 2026-09-17T13:44:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138876 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Umusozi Rungwe''' ni umusozi wibirunga mu karere ka mbaya mu misozi miremire ya Tanzaniya. n'umusozi ufite utumburuke bwa {{Convert|2981|m|ft}}, ni impinga ya kabiri yo hejuru ya Tanzaniya. Ikirunga cya Rungwe kuri ubu ntigikora.<ref>https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=222166</ref> == Icyo wamenya k'umusozi wa Rungwe == Rungwe ni ihuriro ry'uburasirazuba nuburengerazuba bwa bwa Africa. Yiganjemo igihugu cyimisozi mumajyaruguru uburengerazuba bw'urugero rwikiyaga kirimo ikiyaga cya Malawi.Urugero na kipengere ruri mu burasirazuba, Imisozi ya poroto kandi iherereye mu majyaruguru. yi Ikirunga cya Kyejo (m 2176 m) kiri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Ikibaya cya Kyela, gifata ikibaya cya Rift yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, kiri mu majyepfo, kigera ku kiyaga cya Malawi.<ref>https://volcano.si.edu/gvp_votw.cfm</ref> == Ibidukikije == Ibibaya bikikije ishyamba rya Maimbo. Amashyamba yo hejuru ya montane aboneka kugera kuri metero 2600 z'uburebure, harimo ibiti byikozemo ikiraro bireshya na metero 10-25. Ibiti bisanzwe birimo ''Albizia gummifera, Aphloia theiformis, Bersama abyssinica, [[Umugimbo|Bridelia micrantha]], Diospyros whyteana, [[Umugeshi|Hagenia abyssinica]], [[Macaranga kilimandscharica]], Maesa lanceolata, Maytenus acuminata, Myrianthus holstii'', na ''[[Neoboutonia macrocalyx]]'' . ''[[Astropanax goetzenii]]'' n'umuzabibu usanzwe.<ref>https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/14308</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2c1hqnxwqppo2te7qup4q60he3k8rsm 0 20261 138593 123819 2026-09-17T12:04:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Magaliesberg''' (amateka azwi kandi ku izina rya ''Macalisberg'' cyangwa ''imisozi ya Cashan'' ) yo mu majyaruguru [[Afurika y’Epfo|ya Afurika y'Epfo]], ni imisozi yoroheje ariko isobanuwe neza igizwe ahanini na quartzite. Irazamuka igana mu majyepfo ya Pilanesberge (na Parike ya Pilanesberg) kugira ngo igaragaze icyerekezo kigoramye gihuza umujyi wa Pretoriya mbere yuko gisohora abagera kuri 50 km (31mi) iburasirazuba, mu majyepfo ya Bronkhorstspruit. Ahantu hirengeye ha Magaliesberg hagera kuri Nooitgedacht, nko muri metero 1852 (6076ft) hejuru y'inyanja. Inzira nyabagendwa igera hejuru y'umusozi iherereye ku rugomero rwa Hartbeesoort , itanga amashusho meza ya Magaliesberg ndetse n’akarere kayikikije. == Ubumenyi bwa geologiya == Magaliesberg ifite inkomoko ya kera. Ibiyigize byitirirwa inzira ya geologiya ikurikiranye mu mateka maremare cyane. Quartzite, shale,chert na dolomite byashyizwe mu myanda mu kibaya cyo hagati hejuru y’imyaka miliyari 3 y’imyubakire ya Archaean Basement , izwi ku izina rya Kaapyaal craton. Iyi nzira yo gutembera yamaze imyaka igera kuri miliyoni 300. Hafi yimyaka miliyari 2, kuzamuka kwinshi kwa magma gushonga byavuyemo icyitwa Bushveld Igneous Complex. Uburemere bukabije bw'ubwo bwinjira bwagabanije imyanda yari munsi yacyo kandi ihengamye imyanda ku nkombe ku buryo ibice byavunitse byarebaga hanze no hejuru, kandi byoroheje bikamanuka imbere. Uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana, ubwo bwinjira bwarashize, cyane cyane ahantu hahanamye, bikora ibinure byimbitse cyangwa ibibaya bitanga ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka urutare k'ubantu ba none. Aka ubu kitwa ikibaya cya Transvaal kandi kirimo no hejuru cyane ya Transvaal [[Drakensberg]] ireba Lowveld mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu. Isoko ryinshi ryibikoresho byaka - lava y'ibirunga - ya Karoo Supergroup yari muto cyane nyuma yaje gutwikira ikibaya cya Transvaal, ariko nyuma yaje kwangirika ku buryo iguma gusa ku nkombe y’ikibaya cya Transvaal. Izina rya mbere rizwi ku misozi ya Magaliesberg ni '''Dithaba Diloka''' . Iri ni izina rya se Tswana ryaho ryerekeranye n'ubwinshi bwa Heteropogon contortus ikurira muri kariya gace. Icyakora birasa nkiri zina ryaba ryarakoreshejwe gusa n'abaturanyi ba Sotho-Tswana abaturage baza kumusozi wa Magaliesberg. Abaturage baho bo mu bwoko bwa Tswana bavuze ko ari '''Dithaba''' ''"Imisozi"'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Magaliesburg & Magaliesberg: the origin of its peoples; the naming of the region |url=https://capeinfo.com/more/myths-legends-a-old-folks-stories/magaliesburg-magaliesberg-the-origin-of-its-peoples-the-naming-of-the-region-tales-of-the-past-of-prior-peoples-pioneers-pride-prejudice |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=capeinfo.com |archive-date=2022-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121100400/https://capeinfo.com/more/myths-legends-a-old-folks-stories/magaliesburg-magaliesberg-the-origin-of-its-peoples-the-naming-of-the-region-tales-of-the-past-of-prior-peoples-pioneers-pride-prejudice |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abashakashatsi ba mbere b'abanyaburayi baje muri ako gace banditse imisozi yitwa ''"Cashan"'' cyangwa ''"Kashan"'' . Iyi yari ruswa yizina ryumukuru ukomeye wa [[BaKwena ba Mmatau]] witwaga '''Kgwasane wa Sekano''' ''(Kgwasane, mwene Sekano)'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kgosi Kgaswane and the Bakwena ba Modimosana ba Mmatau of the Tswana People {{!}} The Heritage Portal |url=https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/kgosi-kgaswane-and-bakwena-ba-modimosana-ba-mmatau-tswana-people |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=www.theheritageportal.co.za}}</ref> Hagati ya 1800s rwagati imisozi yamenyekanye nka '''Magaliesberg''' nyuma ya Kgosi Mogale. Mogale isobanura ''"umuntu utyaye"'' cyangwa ''"intwari"'', ariko kandi ni ijambo risanzwe rivuga umurwanyi cyangwa umusirikare wa Tswana, muri Sotho bogale risobanura ''"ityaye"'' naho mogale ''"intwari"'' . Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imisozi iri mu majyaruguru, hafi y'Umujyi wa Sun, Pilanesberg, yitiriwe abatware ba Bakgatla baho, bitwaga Pilane. Ku ya 17Mutarama1837, nyuma yuko bamwe mu ba voortrekkers bagabweho igitero bakicwa n'impis ya Mzilikazi, barwanyije kandi bayobowe na Hendrik Potgieter na Gerrit Maritz, kandi babifashijwemo n’abayobozi bakuru ba Sotho- Tswana, batwara Matabeles mu majyaruguru bambuka [[Umugezi wa Limpopo|uruzi rwa Limpopo]] . Kubera ko kongera kwigarurira ako karere byari umushinga wa koperative ya Boers na Sotho-Tswana kurwanya Matabele, Boers na Sotho-Tswana bari bafitanye umubano wa gicuti mu ntangiriro yo gutura abazungu. Iyi mibanire ya gicuti igaragarira mu izina ry’umujyi mukuru wa Boer, Rustenburg, kubera ko babonaga ko batagomba kongera kugira indi mirwano irwanya imiryango nyafurika. Boers yabanje gutura mu majyepfo ya Magaliesberg muri Highveld, hasigara Bushveld mu majyaruguru ya Magaliesberg ahanini ku nshuti zabo na Sotho-Tswana n'inshuti zabo; nk'uko byanditswe na Sarah Heckford, ''Umudamu Umucuruzi muri Transvaal'', Boers bari kwimukira i Bushveld gusura abaturanyi babo ba Sotho-Tswana mu gihe cy'itumba. Dukurikije ubuhamya bwo mu magambo bwatanzwe n'abayobozi ba Tswana bwanditswe ahagana mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Boers benshi ku giti cyabo bagiranye ubucuti bwa hafi n'abayobozi bakomeye ba Tswana n'abayobozi bakuru, cyane cyane bagamije gushinga amashyaka yo guhiga kugira ngo bakusanyirize amahembe y'inzovu n'ibindi bicuruzwa baturutse mu majyaruguru. Nyuma yaho, Boers batangiye gutura mu mibande ya Range ya Magaliesberg no mu Bushveld mu majyaruguru ya Magaliesberg, maze bahindura ako karere mu turere tumwe na tumwe tw’imirima itanga umusaruro muri Afurika y'Epfo, mu gihe bimuye abahoze ari inshuti zabo, babashyira ahantu hamwe no mu bubiko. Muri ako gace habaye imirwano ikomeye mu gihe cy'intambara ya kabiri ya Anglo-Boer, kubera ko yari imenyereye cyane imisozi, yakoresheje inzira y'ibanga yambukiranya imisozi kugira ngo igabe ibitero ku basirikare b'abongereza. Mu gusubiza, ingabo z’Abongereza zubatse amazu hejuru y’imisozi hagamijwe kugabanya ingendo za Boer; amatongo yizi nyubako aracyagaragara k'umusozi. Igenzura ry’imisozi ya Magaliesberg ryagize akamaro kanini ku ngabo za Boer n’[[Ubwongereza]], cyane cyane inzira ebyiri zahuzaga Pretoria na Rustenburg, zambukaga ahitwa Silkaatsnek na Kommandonek. Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri ako karere habaye intambara nyinshi, nk'intambara za Buffelspoort, Nooitgedacht na Olifantsnek. Nyuma y'intambara, imirima yo muri ako gace yarongeye guhindurwa neza maze ubuhinzi burakomeza,itabi na citrusi bigenda neza. Mu 1923, urugomero rwa Hartbeespoort, ruherereye muri kimwe mu bibaya by'urwo rwego, rwuzuye. Yabaye ibiruhuko bizwi cyane no muri wikendi kubatuye Johannesburg na Pretoriya, kandi [[imidugudu]] ya Hartbeespoort na Kosmos yateye imbere kubwibyo. Kugeza ubu, agace ka Magaliesberg karacyafite [[ubuhinzi]], nubwo ubukerarugendo ari inganda zikura vuba muri ako karere. Umusozi wa Kgaswane ni nyaburanga hejuru ya Rustenburg ifite 4,257ha (hegitari 10,520) za Magaliesberg. Ibigega byinshi bito, byigenga na leta, bigomba kuboneka mu burebure bw'urwego. == Ikigega cya Magaliesberg == Nyuma y'imyaka hafi icumi yo guharanira no gushyira ingufu hamwe na komite nto y’abashinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, Magaliesberg yatangajwe ko ari urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ku isi. Ibi byatangajwe ku ya 9 Kamena 2015 I [[Paris]] n'Inama Mpuzamahanga mpuzabikorwa ya Porogaramu ku Muntu n'ibinyabuzima (MAB). Iyi ni gahunda ya UNESCO igamije kubaka umubano ushyigikiwe kandi urambye hagati y'abantu n’ibidukikije. Mu byukuri, ibi bivuze kwibanda cyane kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima binyuze muburyo bushya bwo guteza imbere ubukungu. Ihuriro ry'isi yose y'ibinyabuzima, Magaliesberg yinjiye ubu, riharura ibinyabuzima 631 mu bihugu 119.<ref>https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/kgosi-kgaswane-and-bakwena-ba-modimosana-ba-mmatau-tswana-people</ref> Umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe gutangiza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rwa Magaliesberg (MBIG), Paul Fatti, yagize ati: "Twishimiye ko dushimira byimazeyo imiterere yihariye ya Magaliesberg n'umusanzu ukomeye itanga mu gihugu cyacu, muri serivisi z'ibidukikije muri Gauteng no mu Burenganzira bw'Amajyaruguru ndetse n'abaturage barera ahantu hanini."<ref>https://hartiescableway.co.za/</ref> Vincent Carruthers, wahoze ayobora MBIG akaba n'umwanditsi uzwi cyane wa ''The Magaliesberg'', ubushakashatsi bwemewe cyane ku misozi, yavuze ko iri tangazo ari indunduro y’ubukangurambaga bwatangiye mu 2006. Ati: "Nishimiye ko ubu hamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga iyi misozi minini yiboneye ubuzima bwose, uhereye ku nkomoko yayo". "Magaliesberg iruta inshuro 100 umusozi wa Everest ndetse n'igice cy'isi, ni ubutunzi budasanzwe kuri twe muri kariya gace ka Afurika."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://capeinfo.com/more/myths-legends-a-old-folks-stories/magaliesburg-magaliesberg-the-origin-of-its-peoples-the-naming-of-the-region-tales-of-the-past-of-prior-peoples-pioneers-pride-prejudice |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-27 |archive-date=2023-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031210241/https://capeinfo.com/more/myths-legends-a-old-folks-stories/magaliesburg-magaliesberg-the-origin-of-its-peoples-the-naming-of-the-region-tales-of-the-past-of-prior-peoples-pioneers-pride-prejudice |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9lcjk1hggsqbwt1cpj2jzm6fz49w49v 0 20263 138706 123359 2026-09-17T12:24:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isumo rya Wli''' ni isumo riherereye muri [[Gana]] kandi rirerire muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba. <ref name="Wli">{{Cite web |title=Wli Waterfall: A Tourist Attraction Worth Visiting |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/329381/1/wli-waterfall-a-tourist-attraction-worth-visiting.html |access-date=21 August 2013 |publisher=Modern Ghan}}</ref>. == Aho biherereye == '''Isumo rya Wli''' rifite ubuso bwa 20km uvuye Hohoe mu karere ka Volta muri Gana. <ref name="Wli 1">{{Cite web |title=Waterfalls of Ghana |url=http://easytrackghana.com/tour-ghana_waterfalls.php |access-date=21 August 2013 |publisher=easytrackghana}}</ref> == Ibidukikije == === Inyamaswa zo mu gasozi === Gutembera mu ishyamba ry’inyamanswa ya Agumatsa bitanga amahirwe yo kubona ibidukikije harimo unyamashwa ndetse n'ibindi binyabuzima harimo koloni nini y’ibibabi by'imbuto, ikinyugunyugu, inyoni, inkende n’abana. Ikoroni nini y'ibibabi irashobora kugaragara yiziritse ku bitare kandi iguruka mu kirere. <ref name="Natural environment">{{Cite web |title=Photographs of Wli waterfalls in Ghana |url=https://independent-travellers.com/ghana/wli_waterfalls/ |access-date=7 April 2016 |website=Independent Travellers |publisher=independent-travellers.com}}</ref> == Amateka == Isumo rya Wli n’amazi maremare muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba aherereye muri Gana <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wli Waterfalls |url=http://www.bridgingdevelopment.org/expeditnpages/sites/wli.htm |access-date=2017-04-06 |website=www.bridgingdevelopment.org}}</ref> Isumo rizwi ku izina rya Agoomatsa - bisobanura ngo " ''Munyemerere.'' " Iherereye muri komine ya Hohoe yo mu karere ka Volta, igihugu cy’umuco wa Ewe . Nibirometero 280 uvuye mumurwa mukuru [[Accra]] . Byabonetse nitsinda ryabahigi bakeka ko amajwi yaguye ari ingoma ivuga kandi yiruka yerekeza ku rusaku basanga ari isumo.<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px" style="text-align:left"> Dosiye:Wli_tourists.jpg|alt=picture of the wli waterfallsThe falls attracts tourists from all over the world|[[Dosiye:Wli_falls_at_Volta_Region.jpg|thumb|ifoto y'amazi ya wli]] Kugwa bikurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse impande zose z'isi </gallery><gallery mode="packed" heights="150px" style="text-align:left"> Dosiye:Bats_at_Wli_Waterfall_2.JPG|alt=The Agumatsa wildlife sanctuary offers a chance to see a large colony of wild fruit bats| Ahantu h’inyamanswa ya Agumatsa haratanga amahirwe yo kubona koloni nini yimbuto zo mu gasozi </gallery><gallery mode="packed" heights="150px" style="text-align:left"> Dosiye:Wli_Lower_Fall-4.jpg|alt=Lower waterfall| Isumo ryo hepfo Dosiye:Wli_Upper_Fall-2.jpg|alt=Upper waterfall| Isumo ryo hejuru </gallery> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} lxkjy3v8plyf74d8x3lquzgzry2vju1 0 20290 138877 123422 2026-09-17T13:44:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138877 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imisozi ya Mandara''' ni ikirunga gifite ubugari bugera ku 190km (hafi 120mi) hafi y’amajyaruguru y'umupaka wa Kameruni na Nijeriya, kuva ku ruzi rwa Benue mu majyepfo. Aka karere gatuwe n'abaturage abavuga cyane cyane indimi za Tchad, harimo n'aba Mofu ndetse n'amoko ya Kirdi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa |url=https://folio.ng/a-dormant-volcanic-range-in-adamawa/ |access-date=17 August 2020 |website=Folio Nigeria}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bunini bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bwakorewe ku misozi ya Mandara, harimo no gukorera ahitwa Diy-Gid-Biy (DGB). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Les Diy-Gid-Biy du Mont Mandara |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/4017/ |access-date=29 May 2016 |website=UNESCO World Heritage List}}</ref> == Utuntu n'utundi == Imisozi ya Mandara yashinzwe mu myaka yaza miriyoni ishize ubwo isahani ryo ku mugabane w’urutare rwo munsi munsi y’umugabane n'ubutayu bw' Afurika yazamutse, igacikamo ibice kandi igacikamo ibice kuko yasunitswe hejuru. Muri icyo gihe ikirere cyari cyuzuye cyane, ku buryo imvura nyinshi yaguye ikora imigezi myinshi inyura muri iyo mvune, ikayigaragaza cyane kandi yagutse, bigatuma ubutaka bugaragara cyane. [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|Ibikorwa by'ibirunga]] nabyo byagize uruhare mukurema ibirunga. Kuruka kwa lava byashizeho imishwarara y'ibirunga umuyaga wacyo amaherezo ukomoka hamwe na magma ikomera. Izi ngingo zikomeye zitwa amacomeka y'ibirunga . Ku bijyanye n'imisozi ya Mandara, maguma ifasha mu kurwanya isuri isuri cyane kuruta inyuma ya cones, yashaje igihe. Amaherezo, gusa amacomeka yarasigaye, akora stark, inshinge zimeze nka spiers nka Kapsiki Peak urwego ruzwiho. <ref>https://folio.ng/a-dormant-volcanic-range-in-adamawa/</ref> == imiturire ya Mandara == Imisozi ya Mandara itunga abaturage ugereranije, nubwo imiterere y'ubutaka n'ubutaka bubi. Mu mateka, imisozi yari ubuhungiro bwabantu barwanya kwigarurira cyangwa kuba imbata za leta zo mubibaya bikikije, kandi imisozi ikomeza indimi nyinshi n’amadini gakondo. Abaturage baho bashyizeho gahunda y'ubuhinzi bukomeye burimo kubaka amaterasi ningamba zo kugumana no kuzamura uburumbuke bw'ubutaka. Amaterasi yubatswe k'umusozi kugirango arinde ubutaka isuri kandi ishobora kuva mubibaya kugera kumusozi muremure. Guhinduranya ibihingwa hagati yamasaka, umuceri, n'ibinyamisogwe bikomeza uburumbuke bwubutaka kandi bigabanya udukoko. Ibiti bikoreshwa mu gicucu, ibiryo, n’ifumbire y'icyatsi.<ref>https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/4017/</ref> ''Khaya senegalensis'' na ''Acacia albida'' nibyingenzi, hamwe nandi moko agera kuri 30. Intama zo mu rugo, ihene, n'inka birabikwa kandi bikagaburirwa mu kiraro mu gihe cy'ihinga, kandi ifumbire yabo igashyirwa ku materasi nyuma yo gusarura. Inyamaswa zo mu rugo zemerewe kurisha ku bimera by'amaterasi nyuma yo gusarura kugira ngo ifumbire ifumbire mu murima. Imyanda yo mu rugo, iy'abantu, n'ibimera ikoreshwa mugutezimbere ubutaka kumaterasi.<ref>https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0710</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 3mlkdgkryv7ldllxov9ir5ror7gnc8w 0 20293 138707 123785 2026-09-17T12:24:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138707 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kerma''' yahoze ari [[umurwa]] mukuru w’umuco wa Kerma, washinzwe muri [[Sudani]] y'ubu mbere ya 3500 mbere ya Yesu. Kerma ni hamwe mu hantu hanini cyane hacukuwe kera muri Nubiya ya kera. Yatanze imyaka myinshi y'ubucukuzi n'ubushakashatsi, harimo ibihumbi n’imva hamwe n’aho gutura mu mujyi munini ukikije Uburengerazuba hasi ya Deffufa. Ahantu ubu ni Kerma hatuwe bwa mbere n'abahiga ahagana mu 8350 mbere ya Yesu, mu gihe cya Mesolithique. hagati ya 5550 mbere ya Yesu na 5150 mbere ya Yesu, ikibanza cyaratereranywe, bishoboka ko cyatewe no kugabanuka kwa [[Nili]] muri iki gihe. Ikiruhuko cya kabiri mu mwuga cyabaye hagati ya 4050 mbere ya Yesu na 3450 mbere ya Yesu, bishoboka ko biturutse ku gutembera kwinshi kuva muri [[Nili Yera|Nili yera]] . Ahagana mbere ya Yesu, [[ubuhinzi]] bwateye imbere kandi umuco utangira hafi ya Kerma. Kerma yaje gukura ihinduka umujyi munini wubatswe hafi y'urusengero runini rwa adobe ruzwi ku izina rya Western Deffufa, rwubatswe nyuma ya 1750 mbere ya Yesu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerma Chronology |url=https://kerma.ch/staticj/www.kerma.ch/index/index-29.html?option=com_content&task=view&id=6&Itemid=45 |website=Kerma - Mission Archaeologique Suisse au Soudan}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Early Kush: The Kingdom of Kerma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hr9qEAAAQBAJ |website=Oxford History of the Ancient Near East (2022), p.101}}</ref> umuryango wa leta washinzwe hagati 2550 mbere ya Yesu na 1550 mbere ya Yesu , aho ubworozi bw'inka bwagabunutse cyane nkuko bigaragazwa n'ubucukuzi bwa kera nko mu 1750 mbere ya Yesu Ibimenyetso byerekana umuringa bigaragara kuri c. 2200-22000 mbere ya Yesu. Nk'umurwa mukuru hamwe n’aho bashyinguwe mu bwami, Kerma atanga urumuri ku mibereho igoye igaragara muri uyu muryango. == Imigenzo y'idini == Bamwe mu bahanga bavuga ko imigenzo ya Animiste yaho kuba imana nyinshi mu bwami bushya bwa Kerma ,bitandukanye na nyuma ya Napatan na Meroitike, kubera ko [[inyamaswa]] zo mu gihe cya kera cya Kerma zitagaragaza imiterere ya Anthropomorphique nka ngenzi zazo z'Abanyamisiri, kandi Mesa nka Jebel Barkal bafatwaga mu buryo bwa Animiste, nyuma y’ubwami bushya Abanyamisiri bigaruriye ubwami bwa Nubia Anthropomorph Abanyamisiri batangiye gufata Jebel Barkal nk'ahantu hera umuco gakondo bashobora kuba barigiye ku muco gakondo w'Abany Kerma. == Ubucukumbuzi == === Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 === Ubucukumbuzi bwa mbere muri Kerma bwatangiriye k'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'Abanyamisiri na Sudani bwakozwe na George A. Reisner, Umunyamerika washyizwe hamwe muri kaminuza ya Harvard n'inzu ndangamurage y'ubugeni, I Boston . Nyuma Reisner yayoboye ibyo bigo byombi, mu cyiswe "Harvard-Boston", mu bihe bitatu byo mu murima I Kerma (1913–1916). Yakoze mur'Egiputa na Sudani imyaka 25, 1907–1932. Hamwe mu hantu hambere hacukuwe muri kano karere, muruhare rwa Kerma na Reisner mu bucukumbuzi bw'akarere ni ingenzi. Ikurikiranyabihe shingiro ryumuco wa Kerman ryashinzwe hashingiwe ku bikorwa by'urugendo rwa Harvard-Boston rwa Reisner (1913–1916); ibi byatanze ibisobanuro ku bindi byagaragaye mu karere. Ubuhanga bwo gucukura neza bwa Reisner, raporo z'urubuga, nibindi bitabo byatumye nyuma yo gusobanura ibisubizo bye bishoboka. === Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 kugeza ubu === Nyuma y'imyaka icumi nyuma yubucukuzi bwa Reisner, Bonnet yanze igitekerezo cy'urubuga nk'umujyi wa satelite wo muri Egiputa. Imirimo yihanganye n'umurava bya Bonnet na bagenzi be bavumbuye urufatiro rw'amazu menshi, amahugurwa, n'ingoro, byerekana ko mu 2000 mbere ya Yesu, Kerma wari umujyi munini, bishoboka ko ari umurwa mukuru ndetse n'ahashyinguwe abami ba Kush ". <ref>Grzymski, K. (2008). Book review: The Nubian pharaohs: Black kings on the Nile. ''[[American Journal of Archaeology]]'', Online Publications: Book Review. Retrieved from {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.ajaonline.org/sites/default/files/04_Grzymski.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105144009/http://www.ajaonline.org/sites/default/files/04_Grzymski.pdf |archive-date=2014-11-05 |access-date=2014-12-17}}</ref> Kuva 1977 kugeza 2003, Bonnet hamwe n'itsinda mpuzamahanga ryintiti zacukuye I Kerma. Ikipe ya Bonnet yo mu Busuwisi yacukuye ahantu hakurikira muri Kerma: umujyi wa kera, imva y’igikomangoma, urusengero, inyubako zo guturamo, inyubako za Napatan, amahugurwa y’umubumbyi wa Napatan, amarimbi ya Meroitike, ibihome, hamwe n’ibyobo by’ibinyampeke bya Neolithic. mu bindi bintu bidasanzwe byavumbuwe, Bonnet yavumbuye umuringa mu mujyi wa Kerma. Mu rukuta rwicyo kigo cy'idini niho hubatswe amahugurwa y'umuringa. aya mahugurwa yari agizwe n'ibihome byinshi kandi tekiniki z'abanyabukorikori bigaragara ko zasobanuwe neza. Nta byavumbuwe byagereranywa muri Egiputa cyangwa muri Sudani byadufasha gusobanura ibyo bisigazwa." Mu mwaka wa 2003, Charles Bonnet hamwe n’itsinda rye ry’ubucukuzi , bavumbuye ibishusho bya granite y’umukara wa farawo wo ku ngoma ya makumyabiri na gatanu yo mu [[Misiri]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Digging into Africa's past |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/870/heritage.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411200251/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/870/heritage.htm |archive-date=2008-04-11 |access-date=2014-12-17}}</ref> Ibishusho byerekanwe k'urubuga mu nzu ndangamurage ya Kerma . === Bioarchaeology === Imyitozo ya Mortuary muri Kerma yagiye itandukana mu gihe, kandi ibi bigaragara mu byanditswe kera. Irimbi rinini, rikikije Deffufa yo haruguru mu burasirazuba ritunganijwe hamwe n’imva zishaje mu majyaruguru hamwe n’imva za vuba (kandi zigoye) n’imva ziri mu majyepfo. Gushyingura biboneka bikikije imva zikomeye. Imva zitera imbere kuva ku misozi yoroshye kugera muri misiri yahumetswe na piramide. Inzibacyuho ntabwo itangira kugeza igihe kirekire nyuma ya piramide zidafite imyambarire muri Egiputa. Bonnet avuga ko ibitambo by'ibitambo bigaragara kandi bikamenyekana mu gihe cya Kerma hagati. Kubera ko ibyumba byo gushyinguramo bishobora kwinjirwamo byoroshye, umuntu yakwibaza niba bishoboka ko igitambo cy'umugore cyangwa umwana mu gihe umugabo apfuye, nta bimenyetso bifatika bishingiye ku moko byemeza uyu muco. Mu byukuri Buzon na Judd barabaza iki gitekerezo basesenguye ihahamuka n'ibimenyetso byerekana ihungabana rya skeletale muri aba "ibitambo." Ibisigazwa byinshi biboneka mu masezerano yoroheje cyangwa yasezeranijwe ku ruhande rwabo. Kubera ikirere cy'ubutayu cyumutse, mummisiyasi karemano kirasanzwe. Hatabayeho inzira zisanzwe zo kubora kugirango skeletonize umubiri, imyenda yoroshye, umusatsi, nibicuruzwa kama kama biracyaboneka (urugero, imyenda, amababa, uruhu, urutoki). Ibicuruzwa byo mu mva birimo amasaro ya faience, ibihanga by'inka, n'ububumbyi. Ibyegeranyo bya skelete, kimwe nibindi bimenyetso by'ubucukuzi, bikomeje gusubirwamo no kongera gusobanurwa mu gihe ibibazo bishya by'ubushakashatsi bivutse. Ubushakashatsi bubiri buherutse kwerekana ubwoko bw'ibibazo abahanga mu binyabuzima babaza ibikoresho bya skeleti yacukuwe muri Kerma. Kendall , yerekana ko imva nini zo muri Deffufa yo hejuru yarimo imirambo y’abiciwe ibitambo mirongo cyangwa amagana. Nyuma yisuzumabumenyi rya bioarchaeologie ryerekeye "ibitambo" abantu baturutse muri ibi bice ryerekanye ko nta tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y'ikimenyetso cya skeletale y'ibitambo by'abantu batambwe. Bakuye ingero muri koridoro yo gutamba no gutabaza hanze ya koridoro nini ya tumuli. Guherekeza abantu muri tumuli i Kerma bisobanurwa nk'abagore batambwe nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugabo, ariko ibimenyetso bya bioarchaeologie ntabwo bishyigikira uyu mwanzuro w'ubucukuzi. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwerekanye ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati y'inshuro z’imvune. Ihahamuka ryarebwa binyuze mu murongo w'uburyo bugezweho bwo gukomeretsa. "Ibice byinshi byerekana imvune ya Kerma byagereranijwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi: abagabo bahuye n’ihungabana ryinshi, itsinda ry’abageze mu za bukuru ryagaragaje ihungabana ryinshi, itsinda ry’abasaza ryagaragaje umubare muto w’imvune zegeranijwe, itsinda rito ryahuye n’ihungabana ryinshi kandi kuvunika kwabaye kenshi kuruta gutandukana cyangwa gukurura imitsi. Ibi ntabwo byanze bikunze biva mubitero, ariko, kandi Judd arabyemera. Ntabwo akoresha ingamba zimwe zo gusesengura mu gihe asuzumye ivunika rya Colles (ry'ikiganza, bikunze kubaho mu gihe uguye mu maboko) rishobora guterwa no gusunikwa hejuru aho kuba ihohoterwa ry'abantu, kandi ibyo ntibyemewe.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/3chapter4.shtml</ref> S.O.Y Keita yakoze ubushakashatsi bwa antropropologique bwasuzumye crania z'amatsinda yo mu karere ka Afurika y'Amajyaruguru yarimo ingero zaturutse I Kerma, ahagana muri 2000 mbere ya Yesu, akarere ka Maghreb, ahagana mu mwaka wa 1500 mbere ya Yesu, hamwe na crania y'ingoma ya mbere yavuye mu mva z'umwami i Abydos, mu Misiri . Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byagaragaje uburyo bwiganjemo ingoma ya 1 yo mu Misiri, crania yari Amajyepfo cyangwa " tropical African variant , yari ifitanye isano na Kerma Kushites. Ibisubizo rusange byerekana isano iri hagati y'itsinda rya Nili yo haruguru, ariko kandi ryerekana impinduka zisobanutse kuva kera. Urujya n'uruza rw'abayobozi bo mu majyaruguru mu mujyi ukomeye wo mu majyepfo birashobora gusobanura ibyagaragaye.<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=Hr9qEAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y</ref><ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=WmnWoQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4rksv3nujkgn2b232k9at7uq4qy0c27 0 20298 138878 123441 2026-09-17T13:44:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138878 wikitext text/x-wiki   Pariki y'igihugu ya Djebel Chambi muri guverineri ya Kasserine muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . iyi parike iherereye mu burengerazuba hagati mu gihugu, parike yegereye umupaka na [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] . irinda ibimera n’ibinyabuzima bikikije umusozi wa Chambi ( ''Djebel Chambi'' ), umusozi muremure (1.544m hejuru y’inyanja) muri Tuniziya.<ref>https://archiqoo.com/categories/nature_reserves_sub_lists.php?subsite=chambi_national_park</ref><ref>https://film-fixers.com/filming-in-chambi-national-park-tunisia/</ref> Iyi parike iri mu mashyamba ya Mont de Tebessa azenguruka ako gace kuva Kasserine kugera ku mupaka wa Alijeriya. Parike ntizifite imigezi ihoraho, ariko ni imwe muza gaze ya Cuvier iri mu kaga ndetse n’inzu y’intama za Barbary zitishoboye. Iyi pariki kandi niho hari ubuzima bw’ibimera <ref name="UNESCO">[http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=gen&code=TUN+02 Djebel Chambi Biosphere Reserve Information] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150403170747/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=gen&code=TUN+02 Archived], UNESCO MAP Biosphere Reserves Directory</ref> ( holm oak na Cotoneaster [[Egyptian vulture|nummularia]], pinusi ya Aleppo , na Stipa tenacissima)<ref>https://tripomatic.com/en/poi/mount-chambi-national-park-poi:8860</ref> Mu 1970, hashyizweho hegitare 300 (740 acre) izitiriwe uruzitiro rwo kurinda gazel ya Cuvier.Mu 1977, parike n’akarere kayikikije byagizwe ikigega cy’ibinyabuzima cya UNESCO . Parike {{Convert|6723|ha|acre|adj=on}} yashinzwe nka parike yo mu gihugu<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153230/http://www.tunitrip.com/en/item/le-parc-national-chaambi/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 3y9xg6m75p8968sgt1j5gh0d3ve9pb6 0 20370 138879 123863 2026-09-17T13:44:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138879 wikitext text/x-wiki Nishimwe Solange uzwi Sol Solange umaze kubaka izina mu bikorwa by’ubukerarugendo<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/uko-sol-solange-yanze-kuryama-kubera-ubutumire-budasanzwe-bwa-perezida-kagame-142402</ref> == Amashuri yize<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/13517/entertainment/of-content-and-unintended-fame-sol-solange-shares-experience</ref> == '''Sol Solange''' afite imyaka 24, yiga '''Public Health''' muri '''Mount Kigali University'''. Akunda gusangiza abantu uduce duto tw’ubuzima bwe binyuze mu mafoto n’amavidewo ashyira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ze == Ibikorwa<ref name=":0" /> == yitabiriye umunsi w’ibirori bidasanzwe Perezida Kagame yakiriyemo abayobozi n’abandi batumirwa na we arimo Buri mpera z’umwaka Perezida Kagame na Madamu Jeannette Kagame bakira abayobozi batandukanye n’abandi batumirwa bari mu byiciro bitandukanye bigize ubuzima bw’igihugu. Mu mpera za 2023 ibi birori bikaba byarabaye kuwa 30 Ukuboza. Sol Solange yagarutse ku buryo nubwo haciyeho iminsi kugeza n’ubu atariyumvisha ko byabaye avuga ko bidasanzwe. Mu kiganiro InyaRwanda yagiranye na Sol Solange yagize ati "  Ubutumire nabubonye nari nagiye gusura Nyungwe, ntakubeshye ntabwo nabyizeye na nyuma yaho ndi umuntu wakomeje kubyibazaho cyane." Sol Solange avuga ko atiyumvisha uko byagenze ati "Nkibubona sinabyemeye naribazaga ngo gute se? Njyewe se ndi nde? Numvaga ari ibintu bidasanzwe bidashoboka? Njyewe ntabwo nari nakabyizeye kugera no ku munsi wa nyawo." Uyu mukobwa agaruka ku buryo uwo munsi yiteguye kare nubwo igikorwa nyirizinza cyari gitegerejwe mu masaha y’umugoroba ati "Njyewe saa cyenda nari narangije kwitegura hari ukuntu nyine umuntu aba afite mu turemangingo akantu ko gushya njyewe rwose nari narangije kwitegura." Agaruka ku buryo yigiriye inama yo kutaryama ngo adacikanwa ati "Imvura igitangira kugwa naravuze nti uwaba ryamye ariko ndavuga ngo ndamutse ngiye kuryama sinkanguke amasaha akagenda, nageze no mu buriri ariko ngeze aho ndabyuka nshyiramo." Sol Solange yasoreje icyiciro cya Kabiri cya Kaminuza muri Nursing muri Mount Kenya ari naho ubu ari kwiga icyiciro cya Gatatu muri Public Health. Uyu mukobwa kandi yanakuze akunda itangazamakuru nyuma ariko yo kugerageza kenshi mu binyamakuru bitandukanye ntibamuhe amahirwe yo kuba yabikora, yatangiye kubikora mu buryo bwo kubara inkuru arangira abantu ahantu hatandukanye. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 16zy3mjc7pc27hb8xn3n8emmf9jzvkk 0 20371 138660 123869 2026-09-17T12:14:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaliza wa kalisa''' ni filimi y'uruhererekane ivua ku mukobwa ukiri muto wavuye iwabo mu karere ka Rusizi akajya gushaka ubuzima bushya mu mujyi wa Kigali.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt34782205/</ref> iyi filimi inyuzwa kuri Zacu TV, yayobowe na Roger Niyoyita, ikaba umushinga wa Nelly Misago Willson usanzwe ukora umwuga wo gutegura no kuyobora amafilimi mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/20048/entertainment/cinema/kaliza-wa-kalisa-a-fresh-tv-series-with-humorous-characters</ref> Kaliza wa Kalisa ni filimi yakozwe ishingiye ku gitekerezo cya filimi y'uruhererekane yitwa ‘Kareena Kareena’ yakorewe mu gihugu cy'ubuhinde igakorwa na Zee Entertainment.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ikomoka-mu-buhinde-ibyo-wamenya-kuri-filime-kaliza-wa-kalisa-yahembwe-nk-iy</ref> == Ibihembo yahawe == * '''2024:''' igihembo cya fileme nziza kurusha izindi mu iserukiramuco rya sinema ‘Mashiriki’<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} pejcl1njspw0xn5cezznrbw7t1jxeh1 0 20375 138708 123889 2026-09-17T12:24:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138708 wikitext text/x-wiki Shampiyona y'isi y'amagare Minisiteri y'Ubucurzi n'Inganda MINICOM, yatangaje ko guhera tariki ya 21-28 Nzeri 20225 u Rwanda ruzakira Shampiyona y'Isi y'Amagare. U Rwanda rukazaba ruyakiriye ari cyo gihugu cya mbere muri Afurika yose. Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi n'Inganda yasabye abikorera gutanga serivice inoze mu kwakira abazayitabira bose.<ref>[https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/article/shampiyona-y-isi-y-amagare-abikorera-basabwe-gutanga-serivisi-inoze Shampiyona y’Isi y’Amagare: Abikorera basabwe gutanga serivisi (...) - Umuryango.rw]</ref> Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi n'inganada yatangaje ko amashuri yose aherereye mu mugi wa kigali azaba afunze kuva 21 Nzeri kugeza 28 Nzeri 2025. <ref>[https://imvahonshya.co.rw/shampiyona-yisi-yamagare-amashuri-i-kigali-azafungwa-abakozi-bakorera-mu-ngo/ » Shampiyona y’Isi y’Amagare: Amashuri i Kigali azafungwa, abakozi bakorera mu ngo ImvahoNshya]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ljumkyxjcghd71zmuyosonbzkwl06ud 0 20379 138594 128790 2026-09-17T12:05:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean‑Jacques "J. J." Wilson Nshobozwabyosenumukiza''' ni umukinnyi w’umupira w’amaboko ( basketball ) ukomeye mu '''Rwanda''', ukina '''ahagana''' {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q109638864}}'''imbere (Point Guard)''' mu ikipe ya '''APR''' , Kandi akaba yaragiye akunda guhamagarwa kenshi mw' ikipe yigihu guhera 2016 aho yakigana irushanwa rya afro basketball ry' abatarengeje 16 yavukiye mumujyi mukuru w' Rwanda i Kigali muwigihumbi kimwe na mirongo icyenda n' umunani yakuriye Inyamirambo ari naho yatangiriye umwuga we wo gukina umukino w' amaboko ( basketball ) ahazwi nko kuri club rafiki aho yanijwiriye muri ekipe ya Espoir BBC akaba ari nayo kipe yakiniye bwambere muri kiciro cyambere aho yavuye ajya muri REG BBC aho yakinaga nka point guard mumyaka itari micye aza no gutizwa muri Patriots BBC abakinira mwikipe ya mwirushanwa rya BAL rimwe muyakuzwe muri Africa nyuma wilson yaje kwerekeza muri APR basketball club akaba ari naho akina ubu .<ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/17344/sports/basketball/nshobozwa-fears-no-one-as-rwanda-eyes-ticket-to-2025-afrobasket Nshobozwa fears no one as Rwanda eyes ticket to 2025 AfroBasket - The New Times]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} gy927c4hw1tqayhez1vse4981yiy3ti 0 20402 138880 124170 2026-09-17T13:45:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138880 wikitext text/x-wiki Kayumba Vianney uzwi cyane nka Manzi wavutse mu 1986 muri Central [[Uganda]] ni Umunyarwanda ukina filme wabigize umwuga, wamamaye mu ruganda rwa filme mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse aba umuntu wigarurira imitima ya benshi kubera filme yakinnye "Amarira y'Urukundo" ari kumwe na [[Mukasekuru Hadidja]] Fabiola nk'abakinnyi bombi b'imena bari bayoboye inkuru yayo. <ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/118787/Entertainment/manzis-memorable-journey-to-hillywood</ref> [[Dosiye:Ifoto ya kayumba Vianney Manzi.jpg|thumb| <nowiki/> {| |+ ! colspan="2" |Kayumba Vianney |- |'''Born''' |Kayumba Vianney (1986) |- |'''Also Known as''' |Manzi |- |'''Nationality''' |Rwandan |- |'''Occupation''' |Actor |- |'''Notable work''' |Amarira y'urukundo[[INTARE Y'INGORE|Intare y'ingo]]<nowiki/>[[INTARE Y'INGORE|re]]<nowiki/>siryo herezo |} |478x478px]] Kayumba Via<nowiki/>nney yinjiye mu gukina filme mu rwanda yinjijwe na Mukasekuru Hadidja Fabiola wanditse amarira y'urukundo, filme yabameneyekanishije, Ubwo yaramusanze ku muhanda arabimusaba arabyemera ibyo bita random casting cyangwa street casting <ref name=":1">https://isimbi.rw/spip.php?article1559#:~:text=Mukasekuru%20Hadidja%20%5BFabiola%5D%20ni%20umukinnyi%20wa%20sinema,muri%20filimi%20'Amarira%20y'urukundo'%20yanditse%20akanayikinamo%20yitwa</ref> kuva uwo munsi yagaragaye mu mishinga myinshi itandukanye ya filme harimo '[[INTARE Y'INGORE|Intare y'ingore]], Kaliza, Siryo herezo filme yarishingiye ku nkuru y'ivugabutumwa yaje no kwegukana igihembo muri 2014<ref name=":2">[https://www.spla.pro/en/file.person.vianney-kayumba-manzi.47849.html SPLA | Vianney Kayumba (Manzi)]</ref> == Amateka == Kayumba Vianney Manzi yavutse 1989 avukiye muri Uganda ahitwa Luwero in Central Uganda ku babyeyi be se witwa Ngarambe John na Mama we witwa Mukantagara Antoinette, akurira muri Uganda aho amashuri abanza yayigiye muri Uganda kugeza aho Umuryango we wagarutse mu Rwanda akomereza amashuri yisumbuye mu kigo cya [[Nyamata High School|Nyamata high school]] arangije ayisumbuye akomereza muri kaminuza yitwa [[Innovation Business Technical College]]. <ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/118787/Entertainment/manzis-memorable-journey-to-hillywood Manzi's memorable journey to 'Hillywood' - The New Times]</ref> Kayumba Vianney uzwi cyane nka Manzi avuga ko urugendo rwe rwo gukunda no gukina film rutatangiriye muri filme "amarira y'urukundo" kuko akiri mu mashuri hagati ya 2001 na 2002 Kayumba Manzi yagaragaye mu mukino wari wateguwe n'ishuri yigaho uwo mukino wari wateguwe na ZOA igaruka ku kurwanya SIDA yagize ati: ''<small>"role bari bampaye gukina muri uwo mukino yari kuba umujyanama gusa icyo gihe nkina sinarinziko uyu munsi nzaba umukinnyi wa filme by'umwuga."</small>'' <ref name=":2" /> == Umwuga == Kayumba Vianney Manzi akirangiza ishuri mu mwaka wa 2009 yabanje gukora nk'umucuruzi wa telephone akorera kwa Rubangura, Umwe mu bakiriya be wari Mukasekuru Hadidja Fabiola niwe wamwegereye amubwira ko yaba umukinnyi wa filme mwiza ndetse yegera na Boss wamukoreshaga icyo gihe amusabira uruhushya amujyana mu igerageza (Casting) ni uko yinjiye muri filme ye ya mbere "Amarira y'urukundo" <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> [[Amarira y'urukundo]] yamubereye filme fatizo kuko yakinnye mu bice byayo 15 bya mbere byari bigize umuzingo wa 1 (season 1) ndetse baza kuyisubukura muri 2025 bayihaye izina rya "Tears of Love" ndetse inkuru yayo iyoborwa na Kayumba Vianney na Mukasekuru Fabiola ndetse bongeramo n'abandi bakinnyi bashya. <ref>[https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/manzi-na-fabiola-bongeye-guhurira-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yakunzwe-mu Manzi na Fabiola bongeye guhurira muri filime “Amarira y’Urukundo” yakunzwe mu myaka yashize - IGIHE.com]</ref> Kayumba Vianney Manzi yagaragaye mu bikorwa byinshi bya sinema filme nyarwanda harimo Intare y'ingore mu bice byayo 9 filme yaje no kwegukana igihembo cya filme nziza y'umwaka muri 2014 <ref>[https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/nyuma-yo-guhimba-filime-intare-y-ingore-igakundwa-cyane-apollinaire-ari-gukora-indi-yemeza-ko-izayiruta--65373 Nyuma yo guhimba filime Intare y’ingore igakundwa cyane, Apollin | InyaRwanda.com]</ref> ndetse akina muri Siryoherezo ndetse na Kaliza, sibyo gusa kuko Kayumba yegukanye ibihembo bitandukanye akuye muri 1000 hills awards ndetse no muri [[Rwanda Movie Awards]] aho yegukanye muri 2014 igihembo cy'umukinnyi mwiza w'umugabo (Best Actor 2014) ndetse na n'igembo cy'umukinnyi mwiza watoranyijwe n'abantu (people choice award) <ref>[https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/iki-gihembo-ni-icy-umuntu-wese-wambaye-hafi-by-umwihariko-fabiola-kayumba-vianey--56816 Iki gihembo ni icy'umuntu wese wambaye hafi by'umwihariko Fabiol | InyaRwanda.com]</ref> Kayumba Vianney Manzi ni umwe mu itsinda ryoherejwe muri Tanzania ari kumwe na [[Willy Ndahiro]] na [[Liane Mutaganzwa]] mu iserukiramuco rya filme muri Arusha (Arusha African film festival) abakinnyi n'abakora filme mu rwanda bajya bitabira muri Arusha [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] <ref>[https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/amahugurwa-willy-ndahiro-liane-mutaganzwa-na-kayumba-vianney-bitabiriye-arusha-bayungukiyemo-byinshi-60534 Amahugurwa Willy Ndahiro, Liane Mutaganzwa na kayumba Vianney bi | InyaRwanda.com]</ref> kandi Kayumba Vianney (Manzi) ashyira itafari kuri sinema Nyarwanda atoza, yigisha ahugura Abana bashya bashaka kwinjoira mu mwuga wo gukora no gukina filme mu rwanda, anyuze mu kigo cya Kigali Film and Television School (KFTV) kuva mu mwaka wa 2016 aho yabaye umuyobozi wungirije w'icyo kigo (assistant director of KFTV)<ref>[https://www.spla.pro/en/file.person.vianney-kayumba-manzi.47849.html SPLA | Vianney Kayumba (Manzi)]</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Mu mwaka wa 2014 Kayumba Vianney (Manzi) byamenyekanye mu itangazamakuru ko uyu mukinnyi yapfushije umwana wa mukuru we Bukumba Edouard umuhungu wa gashura James mukuru wa Kayumba Vianney<ref>[https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/kayumba-vianney-bakunda-kwita-manzi-ashenguwe-n-intimba-yo-kubura-umwana-w-umuvandimwe-we-57341 Kayumba Vianney bakunda kwita Manzi ashenguwe n'intimba yo kubur | InyaRwanda.com]</ref> Kayumba Vianney (Manzi) ni umwe mu bakinnyi bavuzwe mu nkundo zitandukanye hagate ye n'Bakinnyi babakobwa bakinanaga, aho byigeze guhwihwiswa cyane ko yaba yarakundanye na Mukasekuru Fabiola bakinanaga filme "Amarira y'Urukundo" bikaba intandaro yo gutandukana kwa Mukasekuru Fabiola n'umugabo we wa mbere, Ariko Mukasekuru Fabiola abihakana avuga ati: ''<small>Amakimbirane yacu yatangiye ntaranakina filme kuko urugamba narutangiye mu mwaka wa 2004 ari nawo nashatsemo, Abatekerezako mu gutandukana kwanjye n'umugabo wanjye ari Manzi wabigizemo uruhare sibyo!</small>'' <ref>[https://isimbi.rw/spip.php?article1559 ISIMBI.RW - VIDEO: Fabiola wakinnye ari umusazi muri filimi ‘Amarira y’urukundo’ ni inkuru mpamo y’ibyamubayeho]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ge11mggn8mfz9fxv1kl537z9ebriebj 0 20403 138906 136076 2026-09-17T21:17:59Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138906 wikitext text/x-wiki '''BUJYACYERA Jean Paul,''' uzwi nka '''''Gutermann Guter, yavutse''''' kuwa 27 ukuboza 1989. Avukira mu Rwanda, [[intara]] y'iburasirazuba, [[akarere ka Gatsibo]], umurenge wa Ngarama, akagali ka Karambi. Mwene '''BARIGIRA Gilbert''' na '''UWIMANA Felecite,''' Avuka mu muryango w'abana batanu babakobwa babiri n'abahungu batatu. == ''Imikurire n' Imyigire'' == Amashuri abanza yayize kuri EP ADEPR NGARAMA kuva mu 1997 kugeza 2003 akomereza ayisumbuye ikiciro rusange kuri ES APEM NGARAMA. Asoreza GS BUSHYANGUHE mu mwaka wa 2007 ahava ajya gukomereza ikiciro kisumbye ku kigo cya SAINT ALOYZ [[Rwamagana Solar Power Station|RWAMAGANA]] aho yize amateka, ubumenyi bw'isi n'icungamutungo bizwi nka (HEG). Yakomereje muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda ishami rya Huye aho yize itangazamakuru, ahakura impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza, akomereza muri MOUNT KENYA ahakura impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu itangazamakuru. Yakuriye mu buzima bugoranye aho yize amashuri ye abanza ndetse nayisumbuye bigoranye cyane ariko arahatana ku buryo bushoboka ayarangiza afite amanota meza ari byo byatumye agira amahirwe yo gukomereza muri kaminuza. == ''Ibyo yakoze'' == Yakoze imirimo. itandukanye harimo nko kuba umunyamakuru. ibi yabitangiye ubwo yari akiri muri kaminuza. mu mwaka wa gatatu aho yabaye umukorera bushake w'igitangaza makuru kiri mubikomeye mu rwanda ISANGO STAR aho yaje gukomereza 'nk'umunyamakur w'umunyamwuga nyuma yo gusoza kwiga kaminuza Agendeye ku buzima butari bworoshye yakuriyemo, yaje gushinga umuryango (organization) udaharanira inyungu witwa NUFASHWA YAFASHA ORGANIZATION (NYO) mu mwaka wa 2014. Uwo muryangowashinzwe ufite intego yo gufasha abana bo mu miryango itishoboye n'abana bafite ubumuga kubona uburere bwiza bukwiriye umwana w'umunyarwanda. Aho abo bana bafashwa kubona ibikoresho by'ishuri, amafaranga yishuri n'ibindi bikenerwa byibanze kugira ngo bagire ireme 'ry'uburezi riri ku rugero rukwiriye. Uwo muryango ufasha kandi ababyeyi babo bana kubona amahirwe yo kongerera ubushobozi ubukungu kubagore cyane cyane n'abakobwa. Uyu muryango utanga amahugurwa mu bikorwa by'ubukorikori bwinjiza amafaranga, birimo nko, kudoda, kuboha ibiseke, no gutunganya imisatsi Nyuma mu mwaka wa 2021 yaje gushinga ikigo cy'amashuri akitirira uwo muryango. Kugeza ubu hari amashuri y'incuke n'abanza biteganyijwe ko uko iminsi izagenda ishira bizaguka bakagira n'amashuri yisumbuye == ''Ibindi'' == 9218xoqmuz6cv98v0r9o4bs6fak0pju 0 20426 138881 124096 2026-09-17T13:45:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138881 wikitext text/x-wiki Karekezi ni umwe mubahanzi ba film bemera ko ari ngobwa ko tubungabunga amateka ya Genocide yakorewe abatutsi 1994 bumuryo bwa filimi. == Umwuga Akora == Hari aho usanga imiryango n’abaturage barishwe bose, nta n’umwe usigaye wo kuvuga amateka y’ibyabaye. Ahandi ho, abayirokotse basigaye bafite ibikomere n’ihungabana rikomeye. Mu gihe u Rwanda rwitegura kwibuka imyaka 30 ishize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ihitanye abantu barenga miliyoni, ikibazo cy’uko amateka ya Jenoside atanditswe neza ni kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye abahanga mu by’amateka n’abashinzwe kubika amateka bahanganye na cyo, benshi bakaba banabishyira ku ruhande rw’abashaka guhakana Jenoside. Mu gihe Leta yagize uruhare mu kubungabunga amateka binyuze mu rwibutso n’amanyarwanda y’ibyaha bya Jenoside, ni abacitse ku icumu bake cyane babashije kuvuga amateka yabo, haba mu bitabo cyangwa muri filimi.<ref name=":0">https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/culture-and-art/director-karekezi-on-why-preserving-memory-of-genocide-through-film-is-key?utm</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} # https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/culture-and-art/director-karekezi-on-why-preserving-memory-of-genocide-through-film-is-key?utm<ref name=":0" /> 4wp6owdj0c08dam8ywi4r916jub80ap 0 20452 138673 134701 2026-09-17T12:15:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138673 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibihembo  == Igihembo cy'umukinnyi nya afurika witwaye neza ni igihembo gitangwa buri mwaka na Afrika Film Academy . Yatanzwe kuva igihembo cya 1 cya Afrika Movie Academy Awards ku mukinnyi watanze umusaruro udasanzwe mu nshingano zikomeye muri film. Umukinnyi witwaye neza mu bihembo byambere yatanzwe inshuro 21, kubakinnyi 21. Uwatsinze bwa mbere ni Richard Mofe-Damijo kubera uruhare yagaragaje rwe muri ''ba Mayors'' (2004). Uwatsinze vuba aha akana yarabaye [[Zolisa Xaluva]] ''[[The Queenstown Kings|kubwami bwa Queenstown]]'' (2024). yanditse kandi agira Amateka kuko yatsindiye byinshi, kuko afite na Richard Mofe-Damijo . Inyandiko zerekana kandidatire nyinshi ni ebyiri, na Damijo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAAsl |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/ |access-date=21 May 2014 |publisher=Africa Film Academy |archive-date=17 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317183006/http://www.ama-awards.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abatsinze hamwe nabatoranijwe == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year ! scope="col" style="width:30%;" |Actor ! scope="col" style="width:30%;" |Film ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:2%;" |Ref. |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2005<br /><br /><small>(1st) </small> | rowspan="1" style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Richard Mofe Damijo''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Mayors''' | rowspan="1" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=30 October 2023 |title=FULL LIST: Africa Movie Academy Awards 2023 winners |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-africa-movie-academy-awards-2023-winners/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2006<br /><br /><small>(2nd) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Kanayo O. Kanayo''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Family Battle''' | rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA Awards and Nominees 2006 |url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-awards-and-nominees-2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012171116/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-awards-and-nominees-2006 |archive-date=12 October 2010 |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}</ref> |- |[[Osita Iheme]]/[[Chinedu Ikedieze]] |''Secret adventure'' |- |Bil Aka |''Sofia'' |- |Nosa Ehinwen |''Anini'' |- |Modu Cessay |''Arrou'' |- |- ! rowspan="4" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2007<br /><br /><small>(3rd) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Olu Jacobs''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Dancing Heart''' | rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA Awards and Nominees 2007 |url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012165834/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007 |archive-date=12 October 2010 |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}</ref> |- |Ganiu Nofiu |''Apesin'' |- |Kunle Abogunloko |''Covenant Church'' |- |Ayo Lijadu |'' Maroko'' |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2008<br /><br /><small>(4th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Nkem Owoh''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Stronger Than Pain''' | rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA Awards and Nominees 2008 |url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-awards-and-nominees-2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012045319/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2008 |archive-date=12 October 2010 |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}</ref> |- |Van Vicker |''Return Of Beyonce''/''Princess Tyra'' |- |Kanayo O. Kanayo |''Across the Niger'' |- |OC Ukeje |''Check Point'' |- |[[Peter Badejo]] |''White Waters'' |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2009<br /><br /><small>(5th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Farouk Al-Fichawi''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Seventh Heaven''' | rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA Awards and Nominees 2009 |url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-awards-and-nominees-2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405090903/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009 |archive-date=5 April 2011 |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}</ref> |- |Godfrey Odhiamba |''[[From a Whisper]]'' |- |Mike Ezuruonye |''The Assassin'' |- |Majid Michel |''Agony of the Christ'' |- |Peter Badejo |''Arugba'' |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2010<br /><br /><small>(6th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Ramsey Nouah''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Figurine''' | rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2010 |title=Jackie Appiah, Shirley, Pusher Others Win AMA Awards |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Jackie-Appiah-Shirley-Pusher-Others-Win-AMA-Awards-180139 |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> |- |Lucky Ejim |''The Tenant'' |- |Majid Michel |''Sin of a Soul'' |- |Sadiq Abu |''Soul Diaspora'' |- |John Osie Tutu Agyeman |'' I Sing of a Well'' |- ! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2011<br /><br /><small>(7th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Themba Ndaba''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Hopeville''' | rowspan="6" |ref |- |Patsha Bay |''Viva Riva!'' |- |Jimmy Jean-Louis |''[[Sinking Sands]]'' |- |Ekon Blankson |''Checkmate'' |- |Antar Laniyan |''Yemoja'' |- |Majid Michel |''Pool Party'' |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2012<br /><br /><small>(8th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Majid Michel''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Somewhere in Africa''' | rowspan="7" |ref |- |Menzi Ngubane |''How to Steal 2 Million'' |- |Chet Anekwe |''Unwanted Guest'' |- |Jafta Mamabolo |''Otelo Burning'' |- |Karabo Lance |''48'' |- |Wale Ojo |''Phone Swap'' |- |Hakeem Kae-Kazim |''Man on Ground'' |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2013<br /><br /><small>(9th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Justus Esiri''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Assassins Practice''' | rowspan="7" |ref |- |OC Ukeje |''Alan Poza'' |- |Bimbo Manuel |''Heroes and Zeros'' |- |Lindani Nkosi |''Zama Zama'' |- |Hlomla Dandala |''Contract'' |- |Femi Jacobs |''The Meeting'' |- |Amurin Wumnembom |''Ninah’s Dowry'' |- ! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2014<br /><br /><small>(10th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Mothusi Magano''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Of Good Report''' | rowspan="6" |ref |- |Zengo Ngqobe |''Forgotten Kingdom'' |- |Kanayo O. Kanayo |''Apaye'' |- |Joseph Benjamin |''Murder at Prime Suites'' |- |Adjetey Anang |''[[Potomanto]]'' |- |Majid Michel |''Brother's Keeper'' |- |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2015<br /><br /><small>(11th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Sadiq Daba''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''October 1''' | rowspan="5" |ref |- |Tony Kroroge |''Cold Harbour'' |- |Sdumo Matshali |''iNumber Number'' |- |Abdoul Kareem Konate |''Run'' |- |Gerard Essomba |''Le President'' |- ! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2016<br /><br /><small>(12th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Daniel K Daniel''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Soldier's Story''' | rowspan="6" |ref |- |Oris Erhuero |''[[The Cursed Ones]]'' |- |OC Ukeje |''Ayanda'' |- |Fragrass Assande |''Eye of the Storm'' |- |Maps Maponyane |''Tell Me Sweet Something'' |- |Buiferi Yakoubi |''La Pagne'' |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2017<br /><br /><small>(13th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Jahwar Soudani''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Last of Us''' | rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2017 |title=Nollywood Rules 2017 AMAA Nominations |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/05/15/nollywood-rules-2017-amaa-nominations/amp/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Channels Television |archive-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502153739/https://www.channelstv.com/2017/05/15/nollywood-rules-2017-amaa-nominations/amp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2017 |title=Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2017-winners/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Africa Movie Academy Awards |archive-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502153740/https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2017-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Sambasa Nzeribe |''Slow Country'' |- |Ibrahim Koma |''Wùlu'' |- |Richard Mofe Damijo |''Oloibiri'' |- |[[Amine Ennaji]] |''A Mile in My Shoes'' |- |David Oyelowo |''[[Queen of Katwe]]'' |- |Dann-Jacques Mouton |''Call Me Thief'' |- |Ramsey Nouah |''<nowiki/>'76'' |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2018<br /><br /><small>(14th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Richard Mofe Damijo''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Cross Roads''' | rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ewodage |first=Rejoice |date=21 October 2018 |title=Nollywood Shines At 2018 Africa Movie Academy Awards [Full List Of Winners] |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2018/10/21/nollywood-shines-at-2018-africa-movie-academy-awards-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> |- |Vuyo Dabula |''Five Fingers for Marseilles'' |- |Sam Dede |''In My Country'' |- |[[Sani Bouajla]] |''[[The Blessed Vost]]'' |- |OC Ukeje |''[[Potato Potahto]]'' |- |Chris Attoh |''Esohe'' |- |[[Oros Mampofu]] |''[[Lucky Specials]]'' |- |Frank Donga |''[[Hakkunde]]'' |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2019<br /><br /><small>[[15th Africa Movie Academy Awards|(15th)]] </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Marc Zinga''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Mercy of the Jungle''' | rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2019 |title=#AMAA2019: See the Full List of Winners at the 2019 Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/amaa2019-full-list-winners/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |- |Gabriel Afolayan |''Gold Statue'' |- |''Joseph Otsiman'' |[[The Burial of Kojo]] |- |[[Chinedu Ikedieze]] |''Lara and the Beat'' |- |Jimmy Jean-Louis |''Rattlesnakes'' |- |Gil Alexandre |''Redemption'' |- |Ezra Mabengeza |''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' |- |Ayoub Bombwe |''[[Fatuma (film)|Fatuma]]'' |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2020<br /><br /><small>(16th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Jimmy Jean-Louis''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Desrances''' | rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2020 |title=AMAA 2020 Winners List |url=https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2020-winners-list/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=Africa Movie Academy Awards |archive-date=25 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425030803/https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2020-winners-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Gabriel Afolayan |''Coming From Insanity'' |- |Kang Quintus |''The Fisherman's Diary'' |- |Bongile Mantsai |''Knuckle City'' |- |[[Alphonse Menyo]] |''Gold Coast Lounge'' |- |Enyinna Nwigwe |''Badamasi'' |- |Robert Agengo/Mwaura Bilal/Andreo Kamau/ Xavier Ywawa |''40 Sticks'' |- |Darrin Dewitt Henson |''Zulu Wedding'' |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2021<br /><br /><small>(17th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Omar Abdi''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Gravedigger's Wife''' | rowspan="7" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2021 |title=AMAA Awards 2021 winners list: Joan Agaba beat Funke Akindele, Rita Dominic to win Best Actress for dis year African Movie Academy Awards |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-59434725 |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> |- |Gary Green |''Fried Barry'' |- |Lateef Adedimeji |''Ayinla'' |- |Melvin Alusa |''Mission To Rescue'' |- |Jude Akuwudike |''Eyimofe'' |- |David Njavera |''Hairareb'' |- |Nonso Bassey |''La Femme Anjola'' |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2022<br /><br /><small>(18th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Eugene Boateng''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Borga''' | rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2022 |title=AMAA 2022: Full list of winners |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/amaa-2022-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref> |- |Patrick Nkakalukanyi |''Tembele'' |- |[[Daniel Etim Effiong]] |''Jolly Roger'' |- |Gudrun Colombus Mwanyika |''Tug of War'' |- |Botlhale Mahlangu |''Surviving Gaza'' |- |Deyemi Okanlawon |''Swallow'' |- |Akah Nnani |''Man of God'' |- |Aaron Adatsi |''Road to My Father's Compound'' |- ! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2023<br /><br /><small>(19th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Tobi Bakre''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Brotherhood''' | rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olufemi |first=Damilola |date=21 September 2023 |title=FULL LIST: Brotherhood, Anikulapo, Gangs of Lagos get AMA Awards nominations |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-brotherhood-anikulapo-gangs-of-lagos-get-amma-awards-nominations/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> |- |Richard Mofe-Damijo |''4-4-44'' |- |Marc Zinga |''Omen'' |- |Fernando Kamugisha |''The Fallen Advocate'' |- |Justin Mirichii |''Shimoni'' |- |Mike Danon |''Sira'' |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2024<br /><br /><small>(20th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Zolisa Xaluva''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Queenstown Kings''' | rowspan="7" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oyediran |first=Tosin |date=3 October 2024 |title=FULL LIST: The Weekend, Jagun Jagun top 2024 AMAA nominations |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-the-weekend-jagun-jagun-top-2024-amaa-nominations/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> |- |Gabriel Afolayan |''This Is Lagos'' |- |Duncan Murunyu Mungai |''Boda Love'' |- |Nenesenor Abloso |''Letters to Goddo'' |- |Bucci Franklin |''The Weekend'' |- |Femi Jacobs |''Anjola'' |- |Chidi Mokeme |''Out of Breath'' |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 1awrd2lczy2slwl3xvgv0ep6trv17bg 0 20454 138661 124263 2026-09-17T12:14:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kizazi Moto: Fire Fire''''' ni Afrofuturist <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Cornall |first=Flo |date=June 27, 2023 |title='Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire' brings Afro-futurism to Disney+ |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/27/africa/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-brings-afro-futurism-to-disney-spc-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627093205/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/27/africa/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-brings-afro-futurism-to-disney-spc-intl/index.html |archive-date=June 27, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> na Africanfuturist <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2023 |title=Kizazu Moto Generation Fire Showcases 10 Futuristic Visions for Africa |url=https://www.comicon.com/2023/06/12/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-showcases-10-futuristic-visions-for-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705015759/https://www.comicon.com/2023/06/12/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-showcases-10-futuristic-visions-for-africa/ |archive-date=July 5, 2023 |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=[[Comicon.com]] |quote=Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire adds new stories to African Futurism genre}}</ref> <ref name="polygon2023">{{Cite web |last=Egan |first=Toussaint |date=May 2, 2023 |title=Afrofuturist animated series Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire coming to Disney Plus |url=https://www.polygon.com/23708513/kizazi-moto-trailer-afrofuturist-series-disney-plus-animated |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503072351/https://www.polygon.com/23708513/kizazi-moto-trailer-afrofuturist-series-disney-plus-animated |archive-date=May 3, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |quote=an animated anthology dedicated to imagining the future from an African perspective.}}</ref> <ref name="variety2021">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Disney Taps Top African Toon Talents for Animated Anthology 'Kizazi Moto' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-annecy-1234998580/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509204143/https://variety.com/2021/film/global/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-annecy-1234998580/ |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |quote=presenting 10 bold, wholly original visions of the future from a distinctly African perspective.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lang |first=Jamie |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Disney Presents Packed TV Slate With Loads Of New Trailers And Images |url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/series/disney-tv-animation-lineup-annecy-229724.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617044811/https://www.cartoonbrew.com/series/disney-tv-animation-lineup-annecy-229724.html |archive-date=June 17, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Cartoon Brew]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dudok de Wit |first=Alex |author-link=Alex Dudok de Wit |date=June 17, 2021 |title=African Creators Tapped For Disney+ Anthology 'Kizazi Moto'; Peter Ramsey Exec-Produces |url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/series/african-creators-tapped-for-disney-anthology-kizazi-moto-peter-ramsey-exec-produces-206141.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316101742/https://www.cartoonbrew.com/series/african-creators-tapped-for-disney-anthology-kizazi-moto-peter-ramsey-exec-produces-206141.html |archive-date=March 16, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Cartoon Brew]]}}</ref> ni filimi Yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 5 Nyakanga 2023, kuri Disney +. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=June 26, 2023 |title=Why Disney+ Sci-Fi Anthology Series 'Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire' Is a 'Watershed Moment' for African Animation |url=https://variety.com/2023/streaming/global/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-african-animation-1235651705/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627022658/https://variety.com/2023/streaming/global/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-african-animation-1235651705/ |archive-date=June 27, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Yakinywe muri rusange ikaba ifite ibitekerezo byiza byatanzwe nabayiteguye. == Inyandiko == Buri filime ifite icyerekezo nyafurika, uhereye kumuyobozi umwe cyangwa benshi, kumutwe nkimbuga nkoranyambaga, uburinganire, ubumuga, kwigaragaza, ubumuntu busangiye, hamwe nizindi ngingo, hamwe ninkuru zirimo ingendo zigihe, ibinyabuzima byo hanze, hamwe nisi isimburana. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Cornall |first=Flo |date=June 27, 2023 |title='Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire' brings Afro-futurism to Disney+ |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/27/africa/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-brings-afro-futurism-to-disney-spc-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627093205/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/27/africa/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-brings-afro-futurism-to-disney-spc-intl/index.html |archive-date=June 27, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[CNN]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCornall2023">Cornall, Flo (June 27, 2023). </cite></ref> <ref name="polygon2023">{{Cite web |last=Egan |first=Toussaint |date=May 2, 2023 |title=Afrofuturist animated series Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire coming to Disney Plus |url=https://www.polygon.com/23708513/kizazi-moto-trailer-afrofuturist-series-disney-plus-animated |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503072351/https://www.polygon.com/23708513/kizazi-moto-trailer-afrofuturist-series-disney-plus-animated |archive-date=May 3, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |quote=an animated anthology dedicated to imagining the future from an African perspective.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEgan2023">Egan, Toussaint (May 2, 2023). </cite></ref> == Umusaruro == Ku ya 27 Kamena 2021, hatangajwe ko abakinnyi baturutse muri [[Zimbabwe]], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Nijeriya]], [[Kenya]], na Misiri bazakora ku bice icumi by'amafirime y'umwimerere ya animasiyo, yitwa ''Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire'' . Peter Ramsey yatorewe kuba producer mukuru, mugihe Tendayi Nyeke na Anthony Silverston bagenzuraga abaproducer, naho Triggerfish niyo studio yambere, hamwe nandi ma studio ya animasiyo muri Afrika. Itariki yasobanuwe "mu <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tartaglione |first=Nancy |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Disney+ Sets Animated Sci-Fi Anthology 'Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire', Picks Up 'Kiya And The Kimoja Heroes' – Annecy |url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-generation-fire-kiya-and-the-kimoja-heroes-annecy-1234776961/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520023911/https://deadline.com/2021/06/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-generation-fire-kiya-and-the-kimoja-heroes-annecy-1234776961/ |archive-date=May 20, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]}}</ref> 2022," buri filime iba ifite iminota 10. ''Bamwe'' <ref name="disneypr2021" /> ] [ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Milligan |first=Mercedes |date=June 17, 2021 |title='Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire' Animated Anthology from African Creators Coming to Disney+ |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2021/06/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-animated-anthology-from-african-creators-coming-to-disney/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226011434/https://www.animationmagazine.net/2021/06/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-animated-anthology-from-african-creators-coming-to-disney/ |archive-date=December 26, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Animation Magazine]]}}</ref> <ref name="variety2021">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Disney Taps Top African Toon Talents for Animated Anthology 'Kizazi Moto' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-annecy-1234998580/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509204143/https://variety.com/2021/film/global/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-annecy-1234998580/ |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |quote=presenting 10 bold, wholly original visions of the future from a distinctly African perspective.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias2021">Vourlias, Christopher (June 17, 2021). </cite></ref>''​​'' Iterambere ryuruhererekane ryarimo "icyiciro <ref>{{Cite web |last=Milligan |first=Mercedes |date=October 8, 2021 |title=Cape Town Goes Global in Hybrid Animation Fest, Triggerfish Teams with E4D to Grow African Talent |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2021/10/cape-town-goes-global-in-hybrid-animation-fest-triggerfish-teams-with-e4d-to-grow-african-talent/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203171302/https://www.animationmagazine.net/2021/10/cape-town-goes-global-in-hybrid-animation-fest-triggerfish-teams-with-e4d-to-grow-african-talent/ |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Animation Magazine]]}}</ref> yubushakashatsi" kugirango film zigaragaze neza imico yihariye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weiss |first=John |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Disney+ to showcase African creators with 'Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire' sci-fi anthology |url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-disney-plus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928101215/https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-disney-plus |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Syfy]]}}</ref> Itariki yo gusohora yaje guhinduka kugeza <ref name="collider2023">{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2023 |title=Disney+ Celebrates Afrofuturism in 'Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire' Trailer |url=https://collider.com/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-trailer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614202433/https://collider.com/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-trailer/ |archive-date=June 14, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref>, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Milligan |first=Mercedes |date=April 3, 2023 |title=CTIAF Spotlights African Toon Talent for the Global Stage |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2023/04/ctiaf-spotlights-african-toon-talent-for-the-global-stage/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411043646/https://www.animationmagazine.net/2023/04/ctiaf-spotlights-african-toon-talent-for-the-global-stage/ |archive-date=April 11, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Animation Magazine]]}}</ref> Nyuma byaje gutangazwa ko uruhererekane ruzerekanwa bwa mbere kuri Disney + ku ya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Milligan |first=Mercedes |date=June 13, 2023 |title=Official Trailer Debuts for African Anthology 'Kizazi Moto' |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2023/06/official-trailer-debuts-for-african-anthology-kizazi-moto/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614195119/https://www.animationmagazine.net/2023/06/official-trailer-debuts-for-african-anthology-kizazi-moto/ |archive-date=June 14, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Animation Magazine]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Milligan |first=Mercedes |date=June 13, 2023 |title=Disney Branded TV & Disney EMEA Kick Off Next 100 Years of Toons at Annecy |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2023/06/disney-branded-tv-disney-emea-kick-off-next-100-years-of-toons-at-annecy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619041109/https://www.animationmagazine.net/2023/06/disney-branded-tv-disney-emea-kick-off-next-100-years-of-toons-at-annecy/ |archive-date=June 19, 2023 |access-date=June 28, 2023 |website=[[Animation Magazine]]}}</ref> Mbere y’uko basohora agace ka mbere, Ramsey yavuze ko uruhererekane rwerekana filime kandi zerekana "icyerekezo kidasanzwe cya Afurika" ku bijyanye n’ejo hazaza ndetse n’ibihimbano bya siyanse, mu gihe yakinaga "ku bantu benshi," mu gihe abayobozi Lesego Vorster, Isaac Mogajane, na Catherine Green baganiriye ku nkuru zerekana ndetse no kwerekana amashusho ya filime zabo. == Kwakira == Urubuga rusubiramo abaterankunga Rotten Tomatoes yatangaje ko 100% byemejwe hamwe nimpuzandengo ya 8.30 / 10, hashingiwe ku 8 banenze. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/kizazi_moto_generation_fire/s01 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]] |language=en}}</ref> Charles Pulliam-Moore wo muri ''The Verge'' yavuze ko iyi filime y'uruhererekane ari ikimenyetso cyerekana ko Disney yakira abantu bose ku isi bakagira isi yigitangaza yarose ... n'abanditsi b'inkuru bakorera hanze ya Hollywood." Yavuze ko buri filime ngufi idasanzwe, aho uruhererekane muri rusange ari icyegeranyo cy’imigani itandukanye yamenyeshejwe n’urutonde rw’umuco wa pop-sci-fi, yagereranije na ''Star Wars: Vision'', yavuze ko nta kiguzi na kimwe cyihuta cyangwa ngo kibone icyo gisobanura, yongeraho ko iyi filimi yuruhererekane izashyira impano nshya zizewe kuri radar yawe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pulliam-Moore |first=Charles |date=July 15, 2023 |title=Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire is the next brilliant sci-fi anthology you've been looking for |url=https://www.theverge.com/23794032/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-disney-plus-animation-streaming |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715174013/https://www.theverge.com/23794032/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-disney-plus-animation-streaming |archive-date=July 15, 2023 |access-date=July 15, 2023 |website=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> Justin Carter wo muri ''Gizmodo'' yavuze ko uruhererekane ruhuza filozofiya n’umuco nyafurika hamwe n’ibintu bya fantasy na sci-fi, hamwe n’umuryango nk’insanganyamatsiko nkuru mu bice hafi ya byose, mu gihe abandi bashakisha "baba bagishakisha ibitekerezo byaho bari buhere" hamwe na kamere ye, nk'uko abibona, akamurika muri buri gice, hamwe no "gusebanya intwari" kandi akibanda ku kwitonda . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Justin |date=July 10, 2023 |title=Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire Feels Like the Spark of Something Great |url=https://gizmodo.com/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-review-disney-african-scifi-1850619118 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715174144/https://gizmodo.com/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-review-disney-african-scifi-1850619118 |archive-date=July 15, 2023 |access-date=July 15, 2023 |website=[[Gizmodo]]}}</ref> Lauren Westbrook wo muri ''MovieWeb'' yavuze ko uruhererekane rutanga ibitekerezo bitandukanye n’izindi filime n’uruhererekane, kandi ko rutanga "ibisobanuro by’umuco byinjira cyane muri sosiyete igezweho." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Westbrook |first=Lauren |date=July 10, 2023 |title=This Disney+ Series Will Completely Redefine Sci-Fi Animation |url=https://movieweb.com/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-sci-fi-animation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711005801/https://movieweb.com/disney-plus-kizazi-moto-sci-fi-animation/ |archive-date=July 11, 2023 |access-date=July 15, 2023 |website=[[MovieWeb]]}}</ref> ''Imizi'' yasobanuye uruhererekane nk "" Tora Icyumweru. " <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2, 2023 |title=Kizazi Moto: Generation Fire Is Our TV Pick Of The Week |url=https://www.theroot.com/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-is-our-tv-pick-of-the-week-1850597524 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710234929/https://www.theroot.com/kizazi-moto-generation-fire-is-our-tv-pick-of-the-week-1850597524 |archive-date=July 10, 2023 |access-date=July 15, 2023 |website=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Umwaka ! Igihembo ! Icyiciro ! Nominee (s) ! Igisubizo ! Réf. |- | rowspan="6" | 2024 | rowspan="5" | Annie Awards | Urutonde rwiza rwa Animated | ''Kizazi Moto: Umuriro Wibisekuruza'' {{Small|(for "Enkai")}}|{{Won}} | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2024 |title=51st Annual Annie Awards |url=https://annieawards.org/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[Annie Awards]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Hilary |date=February 17, 2024 |title=Annie Awards: 'Spider-Man: Across the 'Spider Verse' Leads With 7 Wins, Including Best Feature |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/2024-annie-awards-winners-list-1235828921/ |access-date=September 17, 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |- | Ingaruka nziza za Animated - TV / Itangazamakuru | Matthew Dunwoody, Dmitry Sarkisov, Podchasha Yuri Anatolyevich, Richard Bothma, na Emile Van Straaten {{Small|(for "Moremi")}}|{{Nom}} |- | Imyitwarire myiza yimiterere - TV / Itangazamakuru | Andre DeVilliers {{Small|(for "Moremi", "Surf Sangoma" and "Stardust")}}|{{Nom}} |- | Igishushanyo Cyiza Cyiza - TV / Itangazamakuru | Lesego Vorester {{Small|(for "You Give Me Heart")}}|{{Nom}} |- | Kuyobora neza - TV / Itangazamakuru | Shofela Coker na Andrew McNally {{Small|(for "Moremi")}}|{{Nom}} |- | Ibihembo bya Kidscreen | Gahunda ya Tweens / Ingimbi - Urutonde rwiza rwa Animated | ''Kizazi Moto: Umuriro Wibisekuru''|{{Win}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dickson |first=Jeremy |date=February 5, 2024 |title=BREAKING NEWS: Announcing 2024's Kidscreen Awards winners |url=https://kidscreen.com/2024/02/05/breaking-news-announcing-2024s-kidscreen-award-winners/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=[[Kidscreen]]}}</ref> |- | 2025 | Ibihembo byabana nimiryango Emmy | Ibyagezweho ku giti cye muri Animation | Lesego Vorster (Igishushanyo mbonera)|{{Win}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Milligan |first=Mercedes |date=February 18, 2025 |title=NATAS Announces Individual Achievement in Animation Winners for 3rd Children's & Family Emmys (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2025/02/natas-announces-individual-achievement-in-animation-winners-for-3rd-childrens-family-emmys-exclusive/ |access-date=February 18, 2025 |website=[[Animation Magazine]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |} {{Episode table|background=#814140|overall=|title=|director=|directorR=<ref name="ED"/>|writer=|writerR=|airdate=|airdateR=<ref name="ED">{{Cite web|url=https://lumiere-a.akamaihd.net/v1/documents/kizazi_moto_synopses_9db31243.pdf|title=KIZAZI MOTO: GENERATION FIRE Episode Descriptions}}</ref>|episodes={{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 1 |Title = Herderboy |DirectedBy = Raymond Malinga |WrittenBy = Raymond Malinga & Mpho Osei Tutu |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|5}} |ShortSummary = Ndahura jumps off a spaceship over the [[Empire of Kitara|Chwezi]] Highlands and meets his sister, Captain Katono, who is herding cattle with two fellow herders named Dushiime and Isingoma. The cattle produce chwezinite and are harvested for their crystals, powering their society. When a Nyamiyonga beast attacks, everyone is pinned down. Later, Ndahura follows it into a cave. After freeing a trapped calf, he fights and tames the Nyamiyonga beast with a crystal. He then returns to Katono and her fellow herders, who welcome him into their group. |LineColor = 814140 }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 2 |Title = Mkhuzi: The Spirit Racer |DirectedBy = Simangaliso ‘Panda’ Sibaya & Malcom Wope |WrittenBy = Leslie Pulsifer |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|5}} |ShortSummary = In the [[Soweto]] Super Circuit, Manzo loses the race, but comes face-to-face with Ogun, a super intergalactic racing overlord, who declares that he has purchased their neighborhood, and will begin demolition the following day. Manzo's mother, in her disguise as Mkhuzi, agrees to race. However, Manzo takes his mother's place and despite several setbacks in the race caused by his inexperience, he is able to pull out a tie after merging with the spirit, Jangu, to become all-parts Zulu. Ogun, frustrated he did not win, but valuing the determination that Manzo put forth, agrees to leave the neighborhood alone and looks forward to their next race. |LineColor = 814140 }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 3 |Title = Moremi |DirectedBy = Shofela Coker |WrittenBy = Shofela Coker & Vanessa Kanu |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|5}} |ShortSummary = Luo runs back to his home and is greeted by Malimba. He is later saved from soul-stealing monsters by Moremi, and learns the story of how a woman closed a doorway between worlds in hopes of keeping out the monsters. However, this woman couldn't rest until she saved her child. Later, Luo returns and merges his life force with the child, Olu, allowing Moremi to finally be reunited with him. |LineColor = 814140 }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 4 |Title = Surf Sangoma |DirectedBy = Nthato Mokgata & Catherine Green |WrittenBy = Nthato Mokgata, Catherine Green & Phumlani Pikoli |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|5}} |ShortSummary = Ma Zed is ensnared by squids. Her grandson, Njabulo, is unable to save her, and she is pulled down into the ocean's depths. Years later, Njabulo is a surfing coach and he talks to his friend, Mnqobi. Both race one another until they reach a secret spot and are encouraged by locals to enter the dangerous waters and surf. Njabulo refuses, but his friend obliges. Later, Mnjobi helps the locals rob Njabulo and take his surf board, which is all he has left of his grandmother. Following this, he is encouraged by his grandmother's voice to return to the tumultuous ocean and face his fears, where he saves his friend Mnqobi, whom the renegade surfers are holding as a hostage. Mqnobi and Njabulo survive. In a final scene, a huge squid roars and prepares to approach the city. |LineColor = 814140 }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 5 |Title = First Totem Problems |DirectedBy = Tshepo Moche |WrittenBy = Tshepo Moche |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|5}} |ShortSummary = Sheba can't get on a train because it doesn't identify her has an adult and is only helped at the last second by one of her family members. She attends a ceremony to get a totem, but she ends up in a place where her ancestors are living, by accident. Ultimately, she finds the totem printing room, is told that a totem connects to one's community rather than what is manufactured. Somehow she is thrown out of the spirit realm, gets her totem, leaves the ceremony, and is now considered an adult. |LineColor = 814140 }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 6 |Title = Mukudzei |DirectedBy = Pious Nyenyewa & Tafadzwa Hove |WrittenBy = Tafadzwa Hove |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|5}} |ShortSummary = Muku spray paints a ruin of [[Great Zimbabwe]], mocks someone mourning the dead, and is transported to an alternate dimension, due to a timeline glitch. He is saved by a scavenger named Rumbie and finds himself in Muchadenga, a parallel universe where Great Zimbabwe was never colonized. He barely escapes a bird which is trying to catch him, but learns that the bird is trying to help them return to the past. Thanks to the bird, Rumbie and Muku, go through the portal, with Rumbie reuniting with her mother, and Muku talking to his dad. |LineColor = 814140 }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 7 |Title = Hatima |DirectedBy = Terence Maluleke and Isaac Mogajane |WrittenBy = Isaac Mogajane |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|5}} |ShortSummary = A [[Merman|merboy]] named Mati, who lives in an underwater society, reflects on his father, and wonders when he will become a warrior. His brother, Sana, says he isn't ready, and won't last a day against the enemy. When Mati proposes they use a Hatima against the foes, Sana says only the air-breathers use those weapons of war. Later, Mati learns that he, and his society, are descended from a woman, Nhela, who combined herself with a Hatima and was shunned by society. As a result, he helps Ntsako, his "foe", and realizes that he, and his "enemy", are related, and shouldn't be fighting one another. |LineColor = 814140 }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 8 |Title = Stardust |DirectedBy = Ahmed Teilab |WrittenBy = Ahmed Teilab |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|5}} |ShortSummary = Nawara reaches the Oracle, who provides people with scrolls based on their given task, and despite a robot declaring that she isn't of the right "kind" to get a scroll, the Oracle gives her one anyway. She later learns there is nothing inside, with no scroll, enraging her, declaring she is going to have to "take" her destiny into her own hands. She later helps the Oracle fight off the Pallids, reclaims the star, and works with the Oracle to save the day at the observatory. In the end, she says she wants to be "nothing, but this", implying she may stay with him. |LineColor = 814140 }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 9 |Title = You Give Me Heart |DirectedBy = Lesego Vorster |WrittenBy = Nonzi Bogatsu |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|5}} |ShortSummary = Sundi enters a contest to become the new God of creativity. Although he wins the approval of Maadi, goddess of plenty, he embarrasses the announcer, Tsbinki, with a clay hummingbird, and has to earn one million followers in 24 hours to "truly ascend", or he will be "basic". Tsubinki vows revenge, even as he tries to increase his follower count. Even as he reaches his goal, he embarrasses Maadi, causing her to lose followers and her goddess status. In his anger against the system, he causes everything to fall apart, with each god losing their forms. The system overloads, with Sundi and Maadi locking hands and telling the program to "delete" it all. |LineColor = 814140 }} {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber = 10 |Title = Enkai |DirectedBy = Ng'endo Mukii |WrittenBy = Ng'endo Mukii |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|7|5}} |ShortSummary = Shiro plays with her daughter, Enkai, but insists she isn't ready to create anything yet. Enkai worries that her mom is always working, but Shiro says she isn't ready to come to Earth, yet. She later ventures to Earth and ends up in the slums of [[Kirinyaga County|Kirinyaga Mega City]], where people are rapping about exploitation of a mountain by the Euro-Kenyan corporation. Her mom saves her, but is suffering from internal pain. She insists that the corporation will not succeed in destroying the mountain. As the years past, she gathers what she needs from Earth. She saves her mother in the nick of time and brings her to a new world, named Thayari, saying humans can only save themselves now, and they enjoy their new life. |LineColor = 814140 }}}} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 7jfzg3xxa3kudu9hkwd8igtgbcw6s2r 0 20458 138882 124272 2026-09-17T14:14:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138882 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Tunnel''''' ni filime ikoze muburyo bw'ikinamico yo muri Nigeriya 2014 iyobowe na Stanlee Ohikhuare ikinwamo na bakinnyi nka Nse Ikpe Etim, Femi Jacobs, Waje Iruobe na Lepacious Bose. Filime ivuga amateka yubuzima nintambara byumushumba ukiri muto nurugendo rwe rwo gusohozwa byimazeyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nse Ikpe Etim, Femi Jacobs, Waje star in Tunnel |url=http://momo.com.ng/news/nse-ikpe-etim-femi-jacobs-waje-star-in-tunnel/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001836/http://momo.com.ng/news/nse-ikpe-etim-femi-jacobs-waje-star-in-tunnel/ |archive-date=11 September 2014 |access-date=9 September 2014 |publisher=momo.com.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=I WISH CROONER WAJE, STARS IN HER FIRST EVER NOLLYWOOD MOVIE ''TUNNEL'' |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/i-wish-crooner-waje-stars-in-her-first-ever-nollywood-movie-tunnel/ |access-date=9 September 2014 |publisher=ebonylifetv.com}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Nse Ikpe Etim * Femi Jacobs nka Pasiteri Lade Olagbesan * Waje Iruobe nka Sade * Patrick Doyle * Femi Akeredolu * Bose * Jumoke Olatunde == Yashyizwe hanze == Iyi filime yerekanwe kunshuro yayo ya mbere ku ya 16 Werurwe 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Red Carpert: Tunnel Movie Premiere |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=2326 |access-date=9 September 2014 |publisher=NollySilverScreen}}</ref> Yasohotse kuri IROKOtv ku ya 4 Nzeri 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Movie Alert: TUNNEL starring Nse Ikpe Etim, Patrick Doyle and Waje |url=http://blog.irokotv.com/2014/09/new-movie-alert-tunnel-starring-nse.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907092258/http://blog.irokotv.com/2014/09/new-movie-alert-tunnel-starring-nse.html |archive-date=7 September 2014 |access-date=9 September 2014 |publisher=[[IROKOtv]]}}</ref> == Kwakira == ishyirahamwe rya Nollywood Reinvented ryayihaye amanota 35% kandi ashima storyline no gukina ariko yumva bidashishikaje bihagije. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2014 |title=Tunnel |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/09/tunnel.html |access-date=9 September 2014 |publisher=nollywoodreinvented.com}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} qwuldvj83ig3dwzdltk8icxep1i5oss 0 20468 138674 133174 2026-09-17T12:15:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Urusaro''' ni iserukamuco rya filime y'umugore iserukiramuco rya filime ry’abagore [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Emmy |first=Nsengiyumva |date=12 March 2019 |title=Iserukiramuco "Urusaro International Women Film Festival" ryasojwe mu birori bibereye ijisho (Amafoto) |url=http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/iserukiramuco-rya-filime-urusaro-international-women-film-festival-ryasojwe |access-date=27 November 2019 |work=IGIHE |language=rw}}</ref> Byakorewe i Kigali, mu Rwanda kandi byateguwe na CinéFEMMES Rwanda, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Kantengwa |first=Sharon |date=29 September 2019 |title=Cinéfemmes and the rise of female film makers |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/cinefemmes-and-rise-female-film-makers |access-date=28 November 2019 |work=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> bigamije guhuriza hamwe no guha imbaraga abakora amafilime. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2019 |title=Rwanda: les cinéastes africaines à l'honneur lors du festival Urusaro |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20191012-rwanda-cineastes-africaines-festival-cinema-femmes-urusaro |access-date=28 November 2019 |work=RFI Afrique |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Kantengwa |first=Sharon |date=20 September 2019 |title=Urusaro International Women Film Festival returns |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/urusaro-international-women-film-festival-returns |access-date=27 November 2019 |work=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Iri serukiramuco ryashinzwe na Jacqueline Murekeyisoni, washinze akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa w'ikigo Cine Femmes mu Rwanda. Floriane Kaneza yari umuyobozi wacyo kuva 2019-2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kantengwa |first=Sharon |date=2019-09-28 |title=Cinéfemmes and the rise of female film makers |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/169899/News/cinfemmes-and-the-rise-of-female-film-makers |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> == Ibihembo == Kuva mu 2024, Iserukiramuco rya Urusaro ryahaye ibihembo filime nziza mu byiciro bikurikira: <ref name="BizCom-1">{{Cite news |date=8 July 2019 |title=Rwanda Urusaro film festival submissions open |url=https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/178/97/192959.html |access-date=27 November 2019 |work=BizCommunity |language=en}}</ref> * Ibihimbano bigufi byigihugu * Inyandiko yigihugu * Ibihimbano bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba * Inyandiko yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba * Ibihimbano Nyafurika * Inyandiko nyafurika * Ibihimbano bya Afurika. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] iiw5zp3j8esvnyes8cj2nkk7c2v1109 0 20469 138595 124309 2026-09-17T12:05:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138595 wikitext text/x-wiki Nahimana Clémence, wamamaye mu rwenya nka Feruje yamuritse filime yise ‘I Bwiza’, igaruka ku buzima abahanzi babamo nyuma yo guhanga bikarangira hungutse abandi batari bo.<ref>[https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/filime-i-bwiza-ivuga-ku-mvune-z-abahanzi-yamuritswe-ku-mugaragaro-muri-canal#:~:text=Nahimana%20Cl%C3%A9mence%2C%20wamamaye%20mu%20rwenya%20nka%20Feruje%20yamuritse%20iyo%20yise%20%E2%80%98I%20Bwiza%E2%80%99%2C%20igaruka%20ku%20buzima%20abahanzi%20babamo%20nyuma%20yo%20guhanga%20bikarangira%20hungutse%20abandi%20batari%20bo. https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/filime-i-bwiza-ivuga-ku-mvune-z-abahanzi-yamuritswe-ku-mugaragaro-muri-canal#:~:text=Nahimana%20Cl%C3%A9mence%2C%20wamamaye%20mu%20rwenya%20nka%20Feruje%20yamuritse%20iyo%20yise%20%E2%80%98I%20Bwiza%E2%80%99%2C%20igaruka%20ku%20buzima%20abahanzi%20babamo%20nyuma%20yo%20guhanga%20bikarangira%20hungutse%20abandi%20batari%20bo.]</ref> I Bwiza ni filime ndende imara iminota 115 yanditswe inayoborwa ku bufatanye bwa Nahimana Clémence na Emmanuel Nturanyenabo, amashusho yayo afatwa na Sibomana Gilbert (One Hundred Pixels).Yerekanywe ku wa Gatatu, tariki 15 Ukuboza 2021, mu cyumba cya sinema kigezweho Canal Olympia giherereye ku i Rebero.<ref>[https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/filime-i-bwiza-ivuga-ku-mvune-z-abahanzi-yamuritswe-ku-mugaragaro-muri-canal#:~:text=I%20Bwiza%20ni,ku%20i%20Rebero. https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/filime-i-bwiza-ivuga-ku-mvune-z-abahanzi-yamuritswe-ku-mugaragaro-muri-canal#:~:text=I%20Bwiza%20ni,ku%20i%20Rebero.]</ref> === Ibirimo === I Bwiza ni filime ivuga inkuru y’umukobwa Gatoni Maya w’imyaka 23, ubarizwa muri koperative ikora ibihangano by’ubwoko bwinshi uhangana na Myasiro, umukire ubigurisha kuko abona abaha amafaranga make. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/ibihe-byaranze-imurikwa-rya-filimi-i-bwiza-ryitabiwe-nabarimo-intumwa-ya-minisiteri-yuruby-112645 </ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 97yeil0opts6g0dky8q44k3ff6fdwlh 0 20482 138883 126719 2026-09-17T14:14:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138883 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''93 DAYS''''' Ni filime ikinamico ifite inkomoko muri Nigeriya isohoka mu mwaka 2016 yayobowe kandi ikorwa na Steve Gukas . <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 September 2015 |title=Danny Glover, Tim Reid at Unveiling of Ebola Movie '93 Days' |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/danny-glover-tim-reid-at-unveiling-of-ebola-movie-93-days-/219950/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016043537/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/danny-glover-tim-reid-at-unveiling-of-ebola-movie-93-days-/219950/ |archive-date=16 October 2015 |access-date=21 September 2015 |work=[[Thisday|ThisDay Newspaper]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Iyi filime ivuga ibyorezo bya Ebola 2014 muri [[Nijeriya]] ndetse n’uko byarwanijwe neza n’abakozi b’ubuzima mu bitaro bya Lagos . Irimo Bimbo Akintola, Danny Glover na Bimbo Manuel hamwe na Native FilmWorks, Michel Angelo Production, na Bolanle Austen-Peters Production. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 August 1881 |title=Coming Soon…93 Days, A Film on Ebola |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/coming-soon-93-days-a-film-on-ebola/218219/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925103707/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/coming-soon-93-days-a-film-on-ebola/218219 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |access-date=21 September 2015 |work=[[Thisday|ThisDay Newspaper]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''93Days'' yeguriwe na Ameyo Adadevoh, kumugaragari wo muri Nijeriya wagize uruhare runini mu kwirinda ndetse no kurwanya [[Indwara ya Ebola|Ebola]] muri [[Nijeriya]] . == Umugambi == Ku ya 20 Nyakanga 2014, Patrick Sawyer, umudipolomate wa Liberiya n'Abanyamerika, yageze i Lagos, [[Nijeriya|muri Nijeriya]] . Yahise ajyanwa mu kigo cy’ubuvuzi cya mbere nyuma yo kugaragarwaho bimwe mu ibimenyetso bikabije. Umwe mu baganga be bitabiriye, Dr. Ameyo Adadevoh, yari afite impungenge yuko ashobora kuba afite indwara ya Ebola, nubwo Sawyer ahakana icyo cyifuzo; nyamara, yahisemo gushyira mu kato Sawyer kandi asaba abakozi be kwitonda mugihe bamwitayeho. mumasaha ya saa sita, nibwo ibisubizo by'ibizamini byaje maze, byemeza ko Sawyer afite Ebola.ryabaye Ijambo ryihuta cyane ko i Lagos hashobora kubaho ikibazo cya mbere cy’umurwayi wa Ebola, kandi bidatinze imiryango y’amakuru ku isi yatangiye gutangaza amakuru. Nijeriya ihita itangira kwitegura icyorezo cya Ebola . Dr. Adadevoh abonana na Dr. Wasiu Gbadamosi ukuriye ikigo cy’indwara zandura Yaba, na Dr. David Brett-Major wo mu [[WHO|muryango w’ubuzima ku isi]] . yaje gusanga icyo ikigo cya Yasu kidafite ibikoresho bihagije byo gufasha no kwita ku abarwayi ba Ebola. Ku ya 25 Nyakanga, abaganga bavumbuye ko Sawyer yapfuye. Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cya mbere gitangira ingamba zo kongera ingamba kandi kigenzura abakozi bacyo ibimenyetso n’ibimenyetso bya Ebola. Iyi nkuru yibanze cyane ku bitambo byatanzwe n'abagabo ndetse n'abagore bashyize ubuzima bwabo mu kaga kugira ngo barebe ko virusi ya Ebola irimo, mbere yuko iba icyorezo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 August 2015 |title=93 Days: Filmmakers narrate complexity of Ebola in new movie |url=http://thenationonlineng.net/93-days-filmmakers-narrate-complexity-of-ebola-in-new-movie/ |access-date=21 September 2015 |work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Seun Ajayi nka Dr. Niyi Fadipe * Bimbo Akintola nka Muganga Ameyo Adadevoh * Zara Udofia Ejoh nkumuforomo Justina Echelonu * Keppy Ekpeyong Bassey nka Patrick Sawyer * Charles Etubiebi nka Cardole Cardoso * Danny Glover nka Dr. Benjamin Ohiaeri * Somkele Iyamah-Idhalama nka Dr. Ada Igonoh * Seun Kentebe nka Godwin Igonoh * Alastair Mackenzie nka Muganga David Brett-Major * Bimbo Manuel nka Wasiu Gbadamosi * Charles Okafor nka Afolabi Cardoso * Gideon Okeke nka Dr. Morris Ibeawuchi * Sola Oyebade nka Ambasaderi * Tim Reid nka Dr. Adeniyi Jones == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} rybo9iwxs9w304ws3eys4gmeqmo9ntk 0 20559 138662 136068 2026-09-17T12:14:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138662 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beyond The Genocide'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/25539/entertainment/cinema/beyond-the-genocide-documentary-inspires-youth-to-carry-the-light-fight-deniers</ref> ni filme mbarakuri ([[:en:Documentary_film|documentary film]]) yo mu [[Rwanda]] yakozwe 2025 na Zion Sulaiman Matovu Mukasa. ni filme yerekanwe ku mugaragaro mu [[Kwibuka]] ku nshuro ya 31, u Rwanda rwibuka [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu1994]], yerekenwa bwa mbere ku [[:en:Kigali_Genocide_Memorial|rwibutso rwa Gisozi]] kuya 8 Mata 2025.<ref>https://carsarwanda.squarespace.com/news/beyond-the-genocide-a-film-reflecting-rwandas-journey-of-healing-and-unity</ref> [[Dosiye:Ifoto ya filme beyond the genocide.jpg|thumb|340x340px| {| |+ ! colspan="2" |Beyond the Genocide |- |'''Title''' |Beyond the Genocide |- |'''Written & Directed by''' |Zion Sulaiman Mukasa |- |'''Producer''' |Ronnie Abraham, Winnie Adisa, Zion Sulaiman Mukasa Matovu |- |'''Running time''' |1h15min |- |'''Release''' |2025 |- |'''Production''' |Zion Films Company |} ]] ni filme igaruka ku [[AMATEKA Y'U RWANDA|mateka y'u Rwanda]] rwo muri 1990, u [[Rwanda]] rwa 1994 aho igihugu cyari cyarabaye amatongo, n'urugendo rwo kongera kwisana, ubumwe n'ubudaheranwa by'u Rwanda rwa nyuma 1994.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/25539/entertainment/cinema/beyond-the-genocide-documentary-inspires-youth-to-carry-the-light-fight-deniers</ref> Kuva iyi filme "Beyond The Genocide" yasohoka muri mata 2025, imaze kugaragarizwa abantu barenga 15.000 bo mu mashuri atandukanye yo mu Rwanda. Yanamuritswe muri sosiyete n’ibigo bitandukanye birimo nka [[MTN Rwanda]], [[Access Bank Rwanda|Access Bank]], PAGE Rwanda muri [[Kanada|Canada]], ndetse no mu bihugu nka [[Kenya]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Isirayeli|Israel]], u [[Ubudage|Budage]] ndetse n'i [[Paris]] mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]].<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/filimi-beyond-the-genocide-yegukanye-igihembo-muri-california</ref> aho imaze kugira amashimwe ndetse no kwegukana ibihembo bibiri icya ‘Impact DOCS Awards’ na ‘Accolade Global Film Competition’ byose yaherewe muri [[Amerika]] <ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/filimi-beyond-the-genocide-yegukanye-igihembo-muri-california</ref><ref name=":2">https://inyarwanda.com/en/news/rwandan-documentary-beyond-the-genocide-earns-prestigious-global-award-1755965347004</ref> == Imitunganyirize ya filme == === Incamake === iyi filme igaragaramo ubuhamya bw'abarokotse [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], (survivors) Abagize uruhare mu ikorwa ryayo (perpetrators), Imbwirwa ruhame zihembera urwango z'abanyepolitiki (archived political speeches) ndetse tubonamo n'[[URUBYIRUKO RWURWANDA|urubyiruko]] rwa nyuma ya Jenoside bavuga kucyo amateka mabi u [[Rwanda]] rwanyuzemo yabasigiye.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/25539/entertainment/cinema/beyond-the-genocide-documentary-inspires-youth-to-carry-the-light-fight-deniers</ref> === Production === ni filme ifite iminota 100 yatunganyijwe na Zion Films company, ikigo cya [[Zion Sulaiman Matovu Mukasa]] wayanditse ndetse aranayiyobora (writer and director), ku bufatanye (producers) Ronnie Abraham, Winnie Adisa ndetse n'abajyanama kuri iyi project advisor aribo Christopher Marler co founder of the ADMA and former Senior Vice President at Pixel Corps na Ali Loukman guturuka muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] na Production unite by Mark walker.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/hari-gukorwa-filime-beyond-the-genocide-igaruka-k-u-rwanda-rwa-nyuma-ya</ref> kandi ni umushinga Zion Sulaiman yakoze ku bufatanye n'ibigo na za sosiyasiyo n'imiryango nka [[:en:Ibuka_(organisation)|Ibuka]], The Umbrella Association of Genocide Survivors, CARSA (the Christian Action for Reconciliation and Social Assistance) abo bose bashyigikira uyu mushinga kugeza ugeze ku ntego yawo. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/20364/lifestyle/beyond-the-genocide-a-story-of-resilience-reconciliation-and-hope</ref> Zion Sulaiman Matovu Mukasa, ni umusore w’[[:en:Banyarwanda|Umunyarwanda]] wavutse 1999 muri Uganda. Yatangiye urugendo rwa sinema mu 2016. Mu 2018 nibwo yaje mu [[Rwanda]] aho yakoze kuri filme nyinshi zirenga 11 zirimo iyiswe “Dangerous Mom”, “Nailed” , “2020 Series”, “Alisa”, “Injustice” yerekanwe kuri Zacu TV na “Zamani” yagiye hanze mu 2023.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/hari-gukorwa-filime-beyond-the-genocide-igaruka-k-u-rwanda-rwa-nyuma-ya</ref> == Gusohoka n'Ibihembo == Ku bufatanye na [[Never Again Rwanda (NAR)|Never Again Rwanda]], [[Aegis Trust|AEGIS]], CARSA n'abandi kuwa 8 Mata mu cyumweru cyo [[Kwibuka]] (kwibuka week) ni bwo iyi filme yamuritswe ku mugaragaro bwa 1 mu [[:en:Kigali_Genocide_Memorial|rwibutso]] rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], byitabirwa n'abantu barenga 600, aho u Rwanda rwari rwibutse ku nshuro ya 31 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda ibaye.<ref>https://carsarwanda.squarespace.com/news/beyond-the-genocide-a-film-reflecting-rwandas-journey-of-healing-and-unity</ref> Kuva iyi filme "Beyond The Genocide" yasohoka muri mata 2025, imaze kugaragarizwa abantu barenga 15.000 bo mu mashuri atandukanye yo mu Rwanda. Yanamuritswe muri sosiyete n’ibigo bitandukanye birimo nka [[MTN Rwanda]], [[Access Bank Rwanda|Access Bank]], PAGE Rwanda muri [[Kanada|Canada]], ndetse no mu bihugu nka [[Kenya]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Isirayeli|Israel]], u [[Ubudage|Budage]] ndetse n'i [[Paris]] mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]].<ref name=":0" /> aho imaze kugira amashimwe ndetse no kwegukana ibihembo bibiri icya ‘Impact DOCS Awards’ na ‘Accolade Global Film Competition’ byose yaherewe muri [[Amerika]] <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 5fhqr63d78zizjjztm5jbkjz7jrosz1 0 20590 138619 124591 2026-09-17T12:07:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138619 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Alakada: Bad And Boujee''''' ni Film yasohotse mu mwaka wa 2024 ikaba ari filimi yo muri Nigeriya Icyongereza -ururimi rwurwenya-ikinamico ikinamico iyobowe na Adebayo Tijani kandi yanditswe na Toyin Abraham. Ikora nkibikomeza bya firime ''ya Alakada'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title='Alakada' Returns with New Sequel 'Bad and Boujee' – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/05/04/alakada-returns-with-new-sequel-bad-and-boujee/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Toyin Abraham, Odunlade Adekola, Ini Edo, Bimbo Akintola Ronke Odusanya, na Okusanya Lolade, hamwe na Yhemolee, Ik Ogbonna, na Chimezie Imo bakina. Iyi filime ikurikira guhunga kwa Yetunde Animashaun, umukobwa ukiri muto wicisha bugufi wiyitirira kuba intore zo kuyobora ibibazo byimibereho. Filime yakinwe kandi isohokera muri Nijeriya ku ya 20 Ukuboza 2024, ikwirakwizwa na Filmone . ''Alakada: Bad and Boujee'' binjije miliyoni 134 z'amapound mu cyumweru cyatangiye, byerekana imikorere ikomeye ya Boxe ya Nigeriya kandi ishishikajwe cyane n’abayitabiriye. Amafaranga yinjiye yagize uruhare mu bucuruzi ndetse no kwamamaza firime mugihe cyambere cyo kuyisohora. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fasan |first=Yewande |date=2024-12-27 |title=Toyin Abraham's 'Alakada: Bad and Boujee' hits N134m in seven days |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/toyin-abrahams-alakada-bad-and-boujee-hits-n134m-in-seven-days/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> == uburyo yanditswe == Iyi filimi yerekeye ku nkuru ikurikira Yetunde, akaba yarakoraga kumbuga nkoranyambaga agakora ari umuntu mwiza kuri interineti abifashijwemo n'inshuti ze, Rebecca na Abebi. Bitewe n'icyifuzo kidahwema kuba icyamamare, kwemezwa, no kwemerwa mu nzego z'indobanure, Yetunde akurikirana icyamamare nubwo yakuze yicisha bugufi. Mugihe inkuru igenda itera imbere, ahatirwa guhangana numutekano muke kandi akamenya agaciro ko gukomeza kuba umwizerwa kuri we. == Abakinnyi == *  . Toyin * Odunlade Akola * Bimbo Ademoye * Ini Edo * Ronke Odusanya * Yhemolee * Adembimpe Oyebade Abandi bakinnyi bifashishijwe muri filimi ya ''Alakada: Bad and Boujee'' barimo abakinnyi n’abacuranzi bo muri Nijeriya, baba barashinze kandi bakizamuka, nka King Sunny Ade na Portable . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chukwuani |first=Victoria |date=2024-11-30 |title=King Sunny Ade joins Toyin Abraham's Alakada: Bad and Boujee |url=https://thenewsguru.com/entertainment/king-sunny-ade-joins-toyin-abrahams-alakada-bad-and-boujee/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=TheNewsGuru |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sulaimon |first=Muhibat |date=2024-11-30 |title=VIDEO: Sunny Ade joins cast of Toyin Abraham's 'Alakada' |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/sunny-ade-joins-cast-of-toyin-abrahams-alakada/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sulaimon |first=Muhibat |date=2024-12-13 |title=TRAILER: Portable makes acting debut in 'Alakada! Bad and Boujee' |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/trailer-portable-makes-acting-debut-in-alakada-bad-and-boujee/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> Imyitwarire yabo igira uruhare mubintu byurwenya bya firime. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abu |first=Augustine |date=2024-12-14 |title=In 'Alakada! Bad and Boujee', Portable is in his elements |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/761241-in-alakada-bad-and-boujee-portable-is-in-his-elements.html |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> == Umusaruro == Ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2024, Toyin Abraham yatangaje ko igice cya gatanu cyiyi filimi y’uruhererekane ''ya Alakada'' kizasohoka mu Kuboza 2024. Azandika kandi ayobore iyi filime izakorerwa munsi y’isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orimemi |first=Victory |date=2024-05-01 |title=Toyin Abraham announces new sequel for 'Alakada' |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/toyin-abraham-alakada-bad-and-boujee/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> Ibi bikurikira intsinzi ya firime zabanje muri francise, harimo ''[[Alakada]]'' (2009), ''[[Alakada 2]]'' (2013), ''Alakada Reloaded'' (2017), na ''Fate of Alakada'' (2020). <ref>{{Cite web |last=YNaija |date=2024-05-01 |title=Toyin Abraham Announces The Sequel of 'Alakada' With "Alakada! Bad and Boujee", Set For Release In December 2024 » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/toyin-abraham-announces-the-sequel-of-alakada-with-alakada-bad-and-boujee-set-for-release-in-december-2024/#google_vignette |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2024, Toyin Abraham yemeje ko Umwami Sunny Ade azagaragara cyane muri ''Alakada: Bad and Boujee'' nyuma yo gusangizwa amashusho y’umuririmbyi w’imyaka 78 wageze aho iyi filime iherereye. Yatangaje ku rubuga rwe rwa Twitter, yandika ati: ''"Umuntu udasanzwe ari muri #Alakadabadandboujee.'' Yatumye inzozi zanjye zisohora." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sulaimon |first=Muhibat |date=2024-11-30 |title=VIDEO: Sunny Ade joins cast of Toyin Abraham's 'Alakada' |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/sunny-ade-joins-cast-of-toyin-abrahams-alakada/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSulaimon2024">Sulaimon, Muhibat (2024-11-30). [https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/sunny-ade-joins-cast-of-toyin-abrahams-alakada/ "VIDEO: Sunny Ade joins cast of Toyin Abraham's 'Alakada'"]. ''TheCable Lifestyle''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} st7cboil3qyy12ztuuo2m4nvfhi4ula 0 20592 138675 124865 2026-09-17T12:16:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Alero's Symphony''''' ni filime yikinamico yumuziki yo muri Nigeriya 2011 iyobowe na Izu Ojukwu ndetse ikinwamo na Bimbo Manuel, Ivie Okujaye na Chibuzor 'Faze' Oji . Yerekanwe <ref name="bella">{{Cite web |title=Her Time to Shine! Ivie Okujaye leads the way at the premiere of Amstel Malta Box Office (AMBO 5) movie "Alero's Symphony" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/04/25/her-time-to-shine-ivie-okujaye-leads-the-way-at-the-premiere-of-amstel-malta-box-office-ambo-5-movie-alero%E2%80%99s-symphony/ |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> muri Palms, Itangiriro Cinemas, Lagos . <ref name="bella" /> Filime n'amashusho yerekana Amstel Malta Box Office 5 (AMBO 5) yerekana ukuri. Alero Symphony ni filimi kandi Yakiriye kandidatire4 mu bihembo bya <ref name="bella" /> Afurika Movie Academy Awards kandi yerekanwa mu mijyi minini yo muri Nijeriya na African Film Academy . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA 2012 Movie Screening Team Hits The Town Of Ibadan With 'Phone Swap' And 'Alero's Symphony' |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/amaa-2012-movie-screening-team-hits-the-town-of-ibadan-with-phone-swap-and-aleros-symphony-id2508915.html |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=pulse.ng |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042614/http://pulse.ng/movies/amaa-2012-movie-screening-team-hits-the-town-of-ibadan-with-phone-swap-and-aleros-symphony-id2508915.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umugambi == Filime ivuga amateka ya Alero (Okujaye), impanga yavukiye mu muryango uzwi cyane wo mu rwego rwo hejuru benshi bita abakire. Amaze kurangiza kaminuza byari icyubahiro, agomba kwiga ishuri ryigisha amategeko. Ababyeyi be batabizi, icyifuzo cye nyacyo ni ukuba umuririmbyi. Umuryango wafashe icyemezo cyo kujya mubiruhuko birirwa kugirango bongere gutwika umubano wabo. Akiri aho, Alero ahura na Lovechild (Faze), umusereri w'umuhanga ariko ukennye. Lovechild afasha Alero gukurikirana ibyo akunda nkumwuga. Baca bakundana. == Abakinnyi == * Ivie Okujaye nka Alero * Chibuzor Oji nkurukundo * Jibola Dabo * Bimbo Manuel nka Dr. Coker * Victor Olaitan * Carol King * Frederick Leonard * Timi Richards == Kwakira == Nollywood Reinvented yahaye iyi filime amanota 43% anashimira umwimerere ninkuru, icyakora yanenze imikorere ya Faze maze asoza agira ati: "Niyo filime ya mbere Izu Ojukwu atakoze neza. Nakozwe ntegereje igihe kirekire rwose kugira ngo ndayirebe ariko mu gusubiza amaso inyuma ndifuza ko nakoresheje icyo gihe kugira ngo mbone umusaruro ushimishije." Ntabwo ari filime yuzuye kuri firime. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alero's Symphony |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/07/aleros-symphony.html |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=nollywoodreinvented.com}}</ref> == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%" |+Urutonde rwibihembo ! Igihembo ! Icyiciro ! Abagenerwabikorwa hamwe nabatoranijwe ! Igisubizo |- | rowspan="4" | Ishuri rya Afurika<br /><br /><br /><br /> ( Igihembo cya 8 cya Afurika Movie Academy Awards ) <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2011 |title=AMAA Nominations 2011 |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominations-2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302124149/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominations-2011 |archive-date=2 March 2011 |access-date=30 August 2014 |website=Africa Film Academy |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}</ref> | Filime nziza ya Nigeriya | Izu Chukwu| {{nom}} |- | Amajwi meza | Faze| {{won}} |- | Abakinnyi benshi basezerana | Ivie Okujaye| {{won}} |- | Guhindura neza || {{nom}} |- |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} cdojnism21s4y08gtf9onotc1bpfrn7 0 20594 138884 124596 2026-09-17T14:14:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Alter Date''''' ni filime yo gusetsa cyangwa se comedi ndetse n’urukundo yo muri Nijeriya ikaba yarasohotse mu mwaka wa 2019 iyobowe na Marc Adebesin kandi yakozwe na Yemi Banjoko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-07 |title=Lilian Esoro, Frederick Leonard, Bolanle Ninalowo, others tango in "Alter Date" |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/lilian-esoro-frederick-leonard-bolanle-ninalowo-others-tango-in-alter-date/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-20 |title=Bolanle Ninalowo, Lilian Esoro shine as 'The Alter Date' hits cinemas |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/bolanle-ninalowo-lilian-esoro-shine-as-alter-date-hits-cinemas/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri filime hagaragaramo Iyabo Ojo, Bolanle Ninalowo, na Kenneth Okolie . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-12 |title=Nollywood Movie, Alter Date, Set For Nigerian Screens |url=https://independent.ng/nollywood-movie-alter-date-set-for-nigerian-screens/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Inyandiko == Filime izenguruka inshuti eshatu zishaka urukundo. Uwa mbere akeneye umuntu wumukire kugirango agumane amahame ye, uwa kabiri ntabwo afite amahirwe kubagabo naho uwanyuma ntagishoboye gukundana kandi ahora akundana nabagabo babi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-04-27 |title=High expectations as 'Alter Date' is screened |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/high-expectations-as-alter-date-is-screened/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Iyabo Ojo * Bolanle Ninalowo * Kenneth Okolie * Frederick Leonard nka Timi * Tana Adelana * Lilian Esoro * Lanre Afod * Amarachi Amusi * Joseph Momodu * Yemisi Banjoko <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bada |first=Gbenga |date=2019-04-19 |title=Lilian Esoro finds love as a writer in new movie, 'Alter Date' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lilian-esoro-finds-love-as-a-writer-in-new-movie-alter-date/2kmecqv |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> == Yashijwe hanze == Iyi filime yerekanwe ku wa 17 Mata 2019, muri Sinema ya Silverbird, Ikeja City Mall, Lagos. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-04-27 |title=High expectations as 'Alter Date' is screened |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/high-expectations-as-alter-date-is-screened/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://thenationonlineng.net/high-expectations-as-alter-date-is-screened/ "High expectations as 'Alter Date' is screened"]. ''The Nation Newspaper''. 2019-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bada |first=Gbenga |date=2019-04-19 |title=Lilian Esoro finds love as a writer in new movie, 'Alter Date' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lilian-esoro-finds-love-as-a-writer-in-new-movie-alter-date/2kmecqv |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBada2019">Bada, Gbenga (2019-04-19). [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lilian-esoro-finds-love-as-a-writer-in-new-movie-alter-date/2kmecqv "Lilian Esoro finds love as a writer in new movie, 'Alter Date'"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ibihembo yahawe == Filime yatsindiye ibihembo birindwi kandi yitabiriye amarushanwa inshuro 25 usibye igihembo cyatanzwe na GAP Award Body kubera gutanga umusanzu mu mashusho ya Afrika. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-04-27 |title=High expectations as 'Alter Date' is screened |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/high-expectations-as-alter-date-is-screened/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://thenationonlineng.net/high-expectations-as-alter-date-is-screened/ "High expectations as 'Alter Date' is screened"]. ''The Nation Newspaper''. 2019-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} na5ri41xyqf8u9godfo35vpcwx31g7i 0 20627 138634 131382 2026-09-17T12:10:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138634 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Antique''''' ni filime yikinamico yakiniwe kandi inasohokera mu gihugu cya Nigeriya mu 2014 iyobowe na Darasen Richards na DJ Tee. Irimo Olu Jacobs, Bimbo Akintola, Gabriel Afolayan, Ricardo Agbor, Seun Akindele na Funsho Adeolu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2014 |title=Olu Jacobs, Bimbo Akintola, Gabriel Afolayon & More in 'The Antique' Watch Trailer |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/10/10/olu-jacobs-bimbo-akintola-gabriel-afolayon-more-in-the-antique-watch-trailer/ |access-date=21 March 2015 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epic movie, 'The Antique' to hit cinemas |url=https://thenet.ng/epic-movie-the-antique-to-hit-cinemas/ |access-date=21 March 2015 |publisher=The NET NG}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH THE TRAILER: "THE ANTIQUE" MOVIE STARRING OLU JACOBS, BIMBO AKINTOLA, KIKI OMEILI & AKPORORO |url=http://www.modernghana.com/music/27502/3/watch-the-trailer-the-antique-movie-starring-olu-j.html |access-date=21 March 2015 |publisher=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Filime ye rekanywe hamwe numuryango wishimye kandi watsinze mugihe basangiye umugabane wabo, ariko haribintu bitunguranye mugihe ibiremwa bitatu bidasanzwe byateye mubwami bashaka ibya kera; ifite imbaraga zo kurinda abaturage bayo no gukomeza ubwami bwayo. Abarwanyi b'ubwami baratsinzwe kandi abateye bakuraho ikirango cyera, bityo bazana umuvumo ku gihugu. Nyuma yimyaka icumi, umuhungu umwe rukumbi wa Oba yararwaye azagupfa. Nkuko byagaragajwe na muganga wabapfumu, uburwayi buterwa no kubura kera. Kubwibyo rero, kugirango uruziga rw’impfu n’inzara mu gihugu birangire, umukobwa w’inzirakarengane witwa Uki (Oge Indiana) yahisemo gushyira ubuzima bwe mu kaga yerekeza mu gihugu abantu babujijwe, mu rwego rwo gushaka no gusubiza kera. Abarwanyi batatu bari baratoranijwe badasanzwe, bazahagarara kubusa kugeza bageze kuntego zabo, baherekeza Uki. Urugendo rugaragaza ko ari ubutumwa bisa nkibidashoboka kuko bahuye nimbaraga mbi zidapfa, zigerageza kubabuza kugera kuntego zabo. Umuganga wumupfumu hamwe numureshya witwa Isoken afite gahunda yihishe mugihe impungenge zagarutse mumudugudu zigaragaza urukurikirane rwingufu mugukoresha ubwami. Hagati aho, kugaruka kwa Uki n'abarwanyi ntibizwi. == Abakinnyi == * Olu Jacobs nka Oba Ekpen * Bimbo Akintola nkumwamikazi 1 * Gabriel Afolayan nka Uyi * Ricardo Agbor nka Oba Akugba * Seun Akindele nkuwateye imbere * Funso Adeolu nka Enoma * Oge Indiana nka Ukinebo * Kiki Omeili nkuko Isoken * Akpororo nka Oriri * Omowunmi Dada nka Osas * Theresa Edem nk'Umwamikazi * Samuel Ajibola nk'igikomangoma * Sadiq Adebayo * Seun Olaiya * Omoye Uzamere * Temitope Solaja <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lala |first=Emmanuel |date=2014-03-28 |title=Olu Jacobs, Bimbo Akintola, Funsho Adeolu & Rykardo Agbor Play Royal Family In New Movie Titled “The Antique” {{!}} Photos |url=https://www.36ng.ng/2014/03/28/olu-jacobs-bimbo-akintola-funsho-adeolu-rykardo-agbor-play-royal-family-new-movie-titled-antique-photos/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=36ng |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260214163344/https://www.36ng.ng/2014/03/28/olu-jacobs-bimbo-akintola-funsho-adeolu-rykardo-agbor-play-royal-family-new-movie-titled-antique-photos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} q37mbv07thtml0ugjngth9fhsvx2pm1 0 20628 138663 124641 2026-09-17T12:14:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Apaye''''' (Icyongereza: '''''Urukundo rw'umubyeyi''''' ) ni filime yerekana ikozwe mu buryo bwa teyatile yakiniwe kandi inasohokera mu gihugu cya Nigeriya 2014 iyobowe na Desmond Elliot ikinwamo na Clarion Chukwura, Kanayo O. Kanayo, Belinda Effah, na Mbong Amata . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2014 |title=Apaye film Premiere |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/03/11/monalisa-desmond-belinda-majid-clarion-more-stars-present-at-the-apaye-a-mothers-love-lagos-premiere/ |access-date=8 April 2014 |publisher=BellaNaija}}</ref> Yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Sinema ya Silverbird, ku kirwa cya Victoria, i Lagos ku ya 7 Werurwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apaye to premiere March 7th |url=http://www.punchng.com/feature/midweek-revue/royal-arts-academy-to-premiere-apaye/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406025416/http://www.punchng.com/feature/midweek-revue/royal-arts-academy-to-premiere-apaye/ |archive-date=6 April 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |publisher=Punch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apaye |url=http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/25821/10/royal-arts-academy-hits-cinemas-with-apaye.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319223108/http://www.nigeriafilms.com/news/25821/10/royal-arts-academy-hits-cinemas-with-apaye.html |archive-date=19 March 2014 |access-date=8 April 2014 |publisher=Nigeria films}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apaye |url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=59509 |access-date=16 May 2014 |publisher=sunnewsonline.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2014 |title=Apaye premieres in Lagos |url=http://trendyafrica.com/nollywood/apaye-a-mothers-love-premieres-in-lagos/ |access-date=16 May 2014 |publisher=trendyafrica.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apaye Movie |url=http://bizwatchnigeria.ng/movie-apaye/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517122244/http://bizwatchnigeria.ng/movie-apaye/ |archive-date=17 May 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |publisher=bizwatchnigeria.ng}}</ref> Yepayeye, umubyeyi urera abana batandatu, wakundaga guhangana ndetse no gutsinda ibibazo byinshi kandi amaherezo aratsinda kugira ngo abana be bagororoke n'uburere. == Abakinnyi == * Kanayo O. Kanayo nka Emman * Clarion Chukwura nka Yepayeye * Belinda Effah nkumusore Yepayeye * Mbong Amata nka Suam * Caro Michael nka Ntoya Yepayeye == Uburyo filime ya Apaye yakiriwe == Nollywood Reinvented yahaye firime amanota 53%, ashima inkuru, icyerekezo n'umuziki. Yanzuye ko nubwo muri rusange abantu bategerejwe na firime, ''Apaye'' yatsinze "gutungurwa gushimishije". <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2014 |title=Apaye on Nollywood Reinvented |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/04/apaye-a-mothers-love.html |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=nollywoodreinvented.com}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} gjgw0kmaeypr9hdrzyczedvc6i753vg 0 20629 138676 124642 2026-09-17T12:16:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Arbitration''''' ni filime iri mubwoko bwi yikinamico y’urukundo yo muri Nijeriya 2016, yanditswe na Chinaza Onuzo, iyobowe na Niyi Akinmolayan, ikorwa na Chinaza Onuzo, Omotayo Adeola, na Zulu Oyibo. Muri filime hagaragaramo OC Ukeje, Adesua Etomi, Iretiola Doyle na Somkele Iyamah-Idhalama . == Umugambi == ni Filimi sishingiye ku mugabo witwaga Gbenga yari rwiyemezamirimo mwiza, uyobora isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yunguka cyane, kandi ni we uregwa mu rubanza rwatanzwe na Dara injeniyeri wa mudasobwa, impano ye yafashije isosiyete ya Gbenga kubona uburebure bugezeho. Bagenzi be bari abakundana umubano wabo warangiye ubwo Gbenga yamenyaga ko umugore we atwite umwana wabo wa mbere. Urubanza rwe rusaba indishyi kuri izo konti, Dara arega Gbenga kuba yaramuhatiye gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina (bibarwa nko gufata ku ngufu). == Abakinnyi == * OC Ukeje nka Bwana Gbenga * Adesua Etomi nka Dara Olujobi * Iretiola Doyle nka Funlaya Johnson * Somkele Iyamah-Idhalama nka Omawumi Horsfall * Lota Chukwu nka Faridah * Pius Fatoke nk'umuyobozi * Sola Fosudo nka Tomisin Bucknor * Beverly Naya nka Chiama Sanni * Gregory Ojefua nka Chijioke Utah * Bimbo Ademoye nka Ebele * Owolo Hosana nkuwakira * Austin Nwaolie nka Henchman * Yesaya Ogunowo nka Barman * Bukola Ojeba nkumunyeshuri == Umusaruro == Amashusho yafashwe yabereye ahantu i Lagos. == yasohowe mu 2016 == Iyi filime yasohotse muri sinema zo muri Nijeriya ku ya 12 Kanama 2016. Yerekanwe kandi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Arbitration |url=http://www.tiff.net/films/the-arbitration |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101162119/http://www.tiff.net/films/the-arbitration |archive-date=2017-01-01 |access-date=2016-12-31}}, The Arbitration - Toronto International Film Festival.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} rc9ra0bi2br3nboum96xe91wswxato0 0 20638 138580 124790 2026-09-17T12:03:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138580 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayamma: Music in the Forest''' ni filime y’umuco yasohotse mu 2016, yanditswe na Vivian Chiji, iyobowe na Chris Eneaji, ikorwa na Emem Isong . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-03 |title=EMEM ISONG fuses old and new in ‘Ayamma’ |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/emem-isong-fuses-old-new-ayamma/ |access-date=2019-08-09 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> Filime yerekana umuco wa Afrika cyane, yerekana umuco wabaturage ba Ibibio bo muri [[Nijeriya]] . Igicu kirimo umuziki, imbyino no gusetsa. Inyenyeri zayo zitangaje cyane muri Adesua Etomi, Wale Ojo, Majid Michel, Ime Bishop Umoh, Theresa Edem, Moses Armstrong n'abandi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-20 |title=Emem Isong's ‘Ayamma’ to hit Nigerian cinemas weekend - Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/218562-emem-isongs-ayamma-hit-nigerian-cinemas-weekend.html |access-date=2019-08-09 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orubo |first=Daniel |date=2016-10-26 |title=Watch Adesua Etomi sing her heart out in the trailer for 'Ayamma' |url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-adesua-etomi-sing-heart-trailer-ayamma/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809195701/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/cinema/watch-adesua-etomi-sing-heart-trailer-ayamma/ |archive-date=9 August 2019 |access-date=2019-08-09 |website=Konbini Nigeria |language=en-NG}}</ref> Inguzanyo yatanzwe na Banki yinganda kugirango itere inkunga film. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-18 |title=BoI powered film ‘Isoken’ premieres in Lagos |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/06/boi-powered-film-isoken-premieres-lagos/ |access-date=2019-08-09 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-29 |title=Adesua Etomi, Majid Michel, Wale Ojo, set to thrill in Emem Isong's movie this December |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/ayamma-adesua-etomi-majid-michel-wale-ojo-set-to-thrill-in-emem-isongs-movie-this/whl8gdt |access-date=2019-08-09 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105225611/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/ayamma-adesua-etomi-majid-michel-wale-ojo-set-to-thrill-in-emem-isongs-movie-this/whl8gdt |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umugambi == Igikomangoma Daraima, umuragwa mwiza wa Obong Ikpaisong, yarose inshuro nyinshi Ihuoma, umukobwa wumukene ariko mwiza ufite uburanga bujyanye nijwi rye gusa. Mu nzozi za Daraima, indabyo zirabya kandi inyoni ziraterana iyo Ihuoma aririmbye. yaje gukundana nu umukobwa winzozi ze. Mu isi isanzwe, igikomangoma Daraima, yiteguye kurongora igikomangoma kazi Ama, umukobwa w’umwami uturanye. Mu gitaramo cyo kubyina cyo guha ikaze Umuganwakazi Ama mu bwami, igikomangoma Daraima yatunguwe no kubona ko umwe mu bakobwa babyina ari Ihuoma-umukobwa, kugeza ubu abaho mu nzozi ze gusa. Ntabwo yari abizi, uyu ni Iko, umukobwa wumukene mucyaro akaba ari kopi nyayo ya Ihuoma kandi bidasanzwe afite ubuhanga bumwe bwo kuririmba. Umuganwakazi ntare Ama yitegereza umukwe we ushimishijwe na Iko maze yiyemeza kwikuramo iri terabwoba rigaragara mu gihuru. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-24 |title=Review: The movie musical, Ayamma is shrill and stagey » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/review-movie-musical-ayamma-shrill-stagey/ |access-date=2019-08-09 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-14 |title=Practitioners chart roadmap for movie industry in 2018 |url=https://guardian.ng/art/practitioners-chart-roadmap-for-movie-industry-in-2018/ |access-date=2019-08-09 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Adesua Etomi nka Iko na Ihuoma * Majid Michel nk'igikomangoma Ekong * Ime Musenyeri Umoh nka Aniefiok * Wale Ojo nk'igikomangoma Daraima * Theresa Edem nkumuganwakazi Ama * Ubwenge Edikan nkuwishe * Moses Armstrong nk'umutambyi mukuru * Impuhwe Eyo nka Mama wa Itoro * Deborah Francis nka Itoro * Inemesit Jin nka Kufre * Madara Utibe nka Iko Nto * Christopher Bassey nkumuntu * Mic-Jones Eru nka Adiba * Mikelyn Etim nkumukobwa mukuru * Oto Francis nka Se wa Iko * Edidiong Samuel nkumuyobozi wumujyi * Usen Umoh nkumusaza * Ekere Nkanga nka Obong Ikpaosong == Insanganyamatsiko == Filime ibamo imiziki yujuje ubuziranenge, iririmbwa binyuze mu ijwi ryiza ry'umuntu wambere Iko. Baza kandi kumenya imbyino zumuco yabantu ishakisha. Umwanditsi Vivian Chiji avuga kuri firime, asobanura ko ari filime y’umuco ya fusion. Ibi bisobanuro biva mubyukuri ko iyo Iko aririmbye mu nzozi za Muganwa Daraima, indabyo zirabya, inyoni ziraterana, bikajyana no kuba Iko ifite isano nubwenge nka Ihuoma mubuzima busanzwe. Iyi filime ivuga kandi ku ishyari, mu gihe uburakari bw'Umwamikazi Ama bwibasiye Ihuoma mu kureba umubano we n'igikomangoma. Insanganyamatsiko y'ingenzi muri iyi film itagomba kwibagirana ni urukundo ruhuza Ihuoma mu buryo butangaje igikomangoma. == Umusaruro == Emem Isong yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko haje filime nshya yitwa Ayamma mu biganiro byabereye i Lagos . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/ |access-date=2019-08-09 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mbere yicyo gihe, yatekerezaga gukora ikintu kigiye kwerekana umuco we, agira ati: "Ndumva hari igihe dukeneye gusubira mu mizi yacu, bityo nicyo nkora." Kandi rero, igihe inyandiko yazaga, yarayifashe yiyemeza gukora ibintu byinshi muri yo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-21 |title=Emem Isong’s ‘Ayamma’ Set To Hit Nigerian Cinemas This Weekend {{!}} Watch Movie Trailer |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2016/12/emem-isongs-ayamma-set-hit-nigerian-cinemas-weekend/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809200431/https://www.360nobs.com/2016/12/emem-isongs-ayamma-set-hit-nigerian-cinemas-weekend/ |archive-date=9 August 2019 |access-date=2019-08-09 |website=360Nobs.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Umuziki == Umuziki watsindiye gukoreshwa muri filimi ya Ayamma wahimbwe na George Nathaniel na Eveazi, nabo bakaba barakoranye n’isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa mu gukora filime yabo yabanjirije ''Knocking ku Irembo ry’Ijuru'' nayo ikinamo Adesua Etomi . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} sd2y9l2q177xmahceock6a4hgt3hyup 0 20642 138809 124659 2026-09-17T13:08:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Banker''''' ni filime yikinamico yakiniwe kandi inasohokera mu gihugu cya Nigeriya 2015, yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Emem Isong na Ikechukwu Onyeka . Iyi filime yakinnye na Mbong Amata, Maureen Okpoko, Belinda Effah na Seun Akindele . Yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Civic Centre, Lagos ku ya 16 Gicurasi 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2015 |title='The Banker', A New Royal Arts Academy Film, Starring Belinda Effah, Seun Akindele, Mbong Amata, Nsikan Isaac is Set to be Premiered! |url=http://goldenicons.com/the-banker-a-new-royal-arts-academy-film-starring-belinda-effah-seun-akindele-mbong-amata-nsikan-isaac-set-to-be-premiered/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814150425/http://goldenicons.com/the-banker-a-new-royal-arts-academy-film-starring-belinda-effah-seun-akindele-mbong-amata-nsikan-isaac-set-to-be-premiered/ |archive-date=14 August 2020 |access-date=2017-12-25 |website=Golden Icons}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Photos from The Banker Premiere |url=http://www.nollywoodaccess.com/official-photos-from-the-dvd-launchpremierethe-of-the-banker/ |access-date=25 December 2017 |website=nollywoodaccess.com}}</ref> inkuru yiyi filimi ya The Backer ishingiye ku kuntu abanyamabanki b’abagore bakoresha igitsina cyabo kugirango babone inyungu nziza kubakiriya babo. Irasura kandi ibihe nububabare bwamarangamutima banyuramo mugusohoza intego zamasosiyete, mugihe havugwa imyumvire itandukanye ya nyirabukwe, nabagore bafite abagabo bakorana nabanyamabanki b’abagore muri Nijeriya. == Umugambi == Chinwe ni umugore wakoraga muri banki akaba yari umuhanga akaba kandi yarakoreshaga ubuhanga inzira zose zishoboka kugirango abakiriya babagabo kandi babakire bafungure konti zamafaranga, batitaye kubyo basaba. Uzaba sebukwe atekereza ko abanyamabanki bose b'abagore ari abasambanyi kandi ko batazemera gushyingirwa n'umuhungu we. Ibi bimutera kohereza inshuti nyinshi zabakire nkumukiriya ushobora kugerageza kumureshya ngo aryamane nabo, kugirango arebe niba azahagarara. == Abakinnyi == * Mbong Amata nka Chinwe * Ifeanyi Kalu nka Kunle Jnr * Emma Ayalogu nka Kunle Snr * Nichole Banna nkurwenya * Donald Edet nkumuzamu wa Kunle * Nsikan Isaac nka Helen * Shina Ogunjumelo nka Sir Nwade * Gregory Ojefua nka Obi * Maureen Okpoko nka Vivian * Seun Akindele nka David * Belinda Effah nka Daisy Aburi == Kwakira == Nollywood Reinvented yahaye iyi filime amanota 2.5 kuri 5, ayinenga ko idafite umwimerere kandi yitaweho cyane. Iyi filime yasobanuwe kandi ko idashoboka mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ariko yavuze ko kumenyekanisha Seun Akindele mu gice cya nyuma cya filime byazanye ubuzima runaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=June 19, 2015 |title=The Banker |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/06/the-banker1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708132311/http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/06/the-banker1.html |archive-date=8 July 2017 |access-date=2017-12-25 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> Ku biganiro bya Filime nyafurika, urubuga rwo gusubiramo rushobora "gusaba" cyangwa "gusohora" film; ''Umunyamabanki'' "yasabwe", umwanditsi ashima uburyo "bugororotse-ku-ngingo". Ariko, byumvaga icyerekezo cyimyandikire kidahuye rwose nukuri. Yasabye kandi ko inkuru yari ikwiye kuba itandukanye, mu gihe ishima imikorere ya Seun Akindele. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2016 |title=The Banker |url=http://www.talkafricanmovies.com/the-banker/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727214241/https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/the-banker/ |archive-date=27 July 2020 |access-date=2017-12-25 |website=talkafricanmovies.com}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 096vr1a7qan7sgl7xo5pq6hzxsvs0ey 0 20926 138677 125259 2026-09-17T12:16:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Austext''' ni serivisi yahoze ari televiziyo ya ikorera mugihugu cya [[Ositaraliya]] ifite icyicaro i Brisbane, muri Queensland . Serivisi yatwarwaga kandi ikoreshwa na Network irindwi hamwe n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho hafi ya Ositaraliya. Yatwaye amakuru, amakuru yimari, ikirere, ibisubizo bya tombora, umuyobozi wa TV hamwe nandi makuru, hamwe no gufunga ibisobanuro kuri porogaramu. Serivisiiboneke ku buntu kuri televiziyo iyariyo yose iyo ari yo yose, mudasobwa cyangwa ikindi gikoresho gifite televiziyo kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kugera no kureba Umuyoboro wa karindwi, cyangwa kimwe mu bigo birindwi byo mu karere ka Prime, GWN cyangwa Cross Cross . == Amateka == Abantu Barindwi batangiye kugerageza serivisi za Teletext mu mwaka wa 1979, batangira serivisi zisanzwe ku ya 4 Gashyantare 1980 <ref name="electronics">{{Cite web |date=April 1980 |title=Electronics Australia |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/AUSTRALIA/Electronics-Australia/EA-1980-04.pdf |access-date=2 October 2024 |page=12}}</ref> amakuru yingirakamaro yatanzwe mu 1982 i Brisbane na Sydney . Austext yahagaritswe muri Nzeri <ref name="ripa">{{Cite news |last=Derek Fung |date=15 July 2009 |title=RIP Austext: Will you shed a tear? |url=http://www.cnet.com.au/rip-austext-will-you-shed-a-tear-339297406.htm |access-date=7 July 2013 |work=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive}}</ref> <ref name="electronics" /> Mu myaka yambere wa Austext , hari serivisi ebyiri zitandukanye: 7-Inyandiko isohoka muri [[ATN (TV station)|ATN]] muri Sydney <ref name="electronics">{{Cite web |date=April 1980 |title=Electronics Australia |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/AUSTRALIA/Electronics-Australia/EA-1980-04.pdf |access-date=2 October 2024 |page=12}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.worldradiohistory.com/AUSTRALIA/Electronics-Australia/EA-1980-04.pdf "Electronics Australia"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. April 1980. p.&nbsp;12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> hamwe na verisiyo itandukanye ya HSV-7 i Melbourne, <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1978 |title=Television |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/UK/Practical-Television/70s/Television-Servicing-UK-1978-11.pdf |access-date=3 October 2024 |page=19}}</ref> no i Brisbane, SevenTel. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 1981 |title=Television |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/UK/Practical-Television/80s/Television-Servicing-UK-1981-01.pdf |access-date=2 October 2024 |page=23}}</ref> Mu 1988, BTQ-7 yashinzwe umurimo wigihugu kandi yitwa Austext. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1988 |title=ETI Australia |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/AUSTRALIA/ETI-Australia/80s/ETI-1988-11.pdf |access-date=3 October 2024 |page=30}}</ref> == Ibirimo == Amakuru aboneka akanandikwa kurupapuro rwa Austext yarimo amakuru agezweho yibanda kungingo zikurikira, ikirere, gusiganwa, inyungu rusange hamwe nuyobora televiziyo. Haraboneka kandi amakuru arambuye ya Austext hamwe namashyirahamwe yabatumva. Ipaji yamakuru yarimo ibishya mubucuruzi, amakuru yigihugu, amakuru mpuzamahanga, siporo, siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga, na showbiz. Ipaji yikirere ikubiyemo umunsi umwe iteganya ubushyuhe bwumujyi, ubushyuhe bwumunsi umwe nubushyuhe ntarengwa / ntarengwa hamwe nubushyuhe buriho, ubushuhe, aho ikime, umuvuduko wumuyaga, icyerekezo cyumuyaga, izuba rirashe nigihe izuba rirenze, hamwe nicyerekezo cyiminsi itanu iri imbere kubigo bikomeye muri Ositaraliya byose byatanzwe na Biro yubumenyi bwikirere . Amapaji yo gusiganwa yarimo indangagaciro yo gusiganwa ku rwego rwigihugu TAB yahagaritse gukora ku ya 4 Kanama 2009.Urupapuro rusange rushimishije rwarimo ibintu nkibisubizo bya tombora, horoscopes ya buri munsi hamwe n urwenya rwumunsi. Iyi serivisi kandi yatwaye umurongo wa tereviziyo hamwe n’urutonde rw’urusobe rurindwi mu masoko atanu ya metero nkuru, ndetse no ku rutonde rw’indi miyoboro, haba mu mujyi ndetse no mu karere, kugeza mu 2007 igihe baburiwe irengero. == Gufunga == Muri Nyakanga 2009 abantu barindwi byatangaje ko Austext izahagarara ku <ref name="knox">{{Cite news |last=David Knox |date=14 July 2009 |title=Austext to end |url=https://tvtonight.com.au/2009/07/austext-to-end.html/comment-page-1 |access-date=22 September 2021 |publisher=[[TV Tonight]]}}</ref> Nzeri 2009. the seven bagaragaje ko haboneka ubundi buryo bwo gutanga amakuru ubu bugera kubareba nkurubuga rwa karindwi. Nubgo byafunzwe, serivise zanditse zifunze zakomeje kuboneka. <ref name="ripa">{{Cite news |last=Derek Fung |date=15 July 2009 |title=RIP Austext: Will you shed a tear? |url=http://www.cnet.com.au/rip-austext-will-you-shed-a-tear-339297406.htm |access-date=7 July 2013 |work=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerek_Fung2009">Derek Fung (15 July 2009). [http://www.cnet.com.au/rip-austext-will-you-shed-a-tear-339297406.htm "RIP Austext: Will you shed a tear?"]. ''CNET''. CBS Interactive<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="knox" /> Mugaragaza kuri ecran ya ecran yafunzwe soma:    == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} g06nzqpgd6wod1zmuy7ejaj6f3qfesd 0 20927 138678 125260 2026-09-17T12:16:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Infonet''' ni serivisi ikorerwa ku kicyo gisakaza akazash ya tereviziyo [[Malesiya|ya Maleziya]] . Yahoze yitwa '''''Beriteks''''' (ikomatanya ryijambo rya Malayika ''Berita'', risobanura ''amakuru'', na ''Teks'', ni ijambo ryatijwe mu rurimi rwicyongereza risobanura ''inyandiko'' ). Sisitemu ya teletext yatangijwe mu ntangiriro za 1985 na TV3, mbere yo gutangira kumiyoboro ya RTM nyuma yumwaka. Serivisi yatangijwe yakoreshwaga na New Straits Times . <ref name="tunein">{{Cite web |date=11 July 1985 |title=Those with SBCText decoders can soon tune in to Beriteks |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/singmonitor19850711-1.2.8.15 |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Singapore Monitor (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref> Mu gihe RTM1 na RTM2 bari bagikwirakwiza Teletext, ibiri mu itumanaho byari bitandukanye n'ibyatanzwe na serivisi ya TV3, na byo bikaba byaratanzwe ku izina rya ''Beriteks'' . Ku bijyanye na RTM1 mu mwaka wa mbere, yatwaye amakuru ku biciro by'ibiribwa n'amakuru ku biryo no guhaha. <ref name="tunein">{{Cite web |date=11 July 1985 |title=Those with SBCText decoders can soon tune in to Beriteks |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/singmonitor19850711-1.2.8.15 |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Singapore Monitor (retrieved from NLB)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/singmonitor19850711-1.2.8.15 "Those with SBCText decoders can soon tune in to Beriteks"]. ''Singapore Monitor (retrieved from NLB)''. 11 July 1985<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Nkuko Beriteks itwarwa kuri RTM na TV3, bafatwa "nka serivisi" ntabwo ari amarushanwa, ndetse na siporo nkuko byagaragajwe hejuru kuyandi ma shene <ref name="tunein" /> RTM1 na RTM2 bahagaritse kohereza amashusho kuri televiziyo guhera mu 2000, kandi TV3 niyo televiziyo yonyine yo muri Maleziya yohereza Teletext. Nta sosiyete ya bashiki ba TV3, 8TV, TV9 na NTV7, itanga teletext. Infonet yahagaritse gukora guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2008. Kubwibyo rero, ubu nta miyoboro ya televiziyo, icyigo gisakaza amashusho kuburyo bwa sitasiyo bitanga Teletext muri Maleziya. Infonet ikoresha sisitemu ya televiziyo ya BBC Ceefax . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} k88jzmpkwl6xscygsvruuv6o8w63iot 138679 138678 2026-09-17T12:21:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 138679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Infonet''' ni serivisi ikorerwa ku kicyo gisakaza akazash ya tereviziyo [[Malesiya|ya Maleziya]] . Yahoze yitwa '''''Beriteks''''' (ikomatanya ryijambo rya Malayika ''Berita'', risobanura ''amakuru'', na ''Teks'', ni ijambo ryatijwe mu rurimi rwicyongereza risobanura ''inyandiko'' ). Sisitemu ya teletext yatangijwe mu ntangiriro za 1985 na TV3, mbere yo gutangira kumiyoboro ya RTM nyuma yumwaka. Serivisi yatangijwe yakoreshwaga na New Straits Times . <ref name="tunein">{{Cite web |date=11 July 1985 |title=Those with SBCText decoders can soon tune in to Beriteks |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/singmonitor19850711-1.2.8.15 |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Singapore Monitor (retrieved from NLB)}}</ref> Mu gihe RTM1 na RTM2 bari bagikwirakwiza Teletext, ibiri mu itumanaho byari bitandukanye n'ibyatanzwe na serivisi ya TV3, na byo bikaba byaratanzwe ku izina rya ''Beriteks'' . Ku bijyanye na RTM1 mu mwaka wa mbere, yatwaye amakuru ku biciro by'ibiribwa n'amakuru ku biryo no guhaha. <ref name="tunein" /> Nkuko Beriteks itwarwa kuri RTM na TV3, bafatwa "nka serivisi" ntabwo ari amarushanwa, ndetse na siporo nkuko byagaragajwe hejuru kuyandi ma shene <ref name="tunein" /> RTM1 na RTM2 bahagaritse kohereza amashusho kuri televiziyo guhera mu 2000, kandi TV3 niyo televiziyo yonyine yo muri Maleziya yohereza Teletext. Nta sosiyete ya bashiki ba TV3, 8TV, TV9 na NTV7, itanga teletext. Infonet yahagaritse gukora guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2008. Kubwibyo rero, ubu nta miyoboro ya televiziyo, icyigo gisakaza amashusho kuburyo bwa sitasiyo bitanga Teletext muri Maleziya. Infonet ikoresha sisitemu ya televiziyo ya BBC Ceefax . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} srsh42vmnr8htjs5m0h7ptr97f5knok 0 21122 138869 136844 2026-09-17T13:44:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138869 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biotelemetrie''' (cyangwa '''telemetrie yubuvuzi) isobanura ikoreshwa rya''' tekinologi ya telemetrie mubijyanye n'ubumenyi bw'ibinyabuzima, ubuvuzi, n'izindi serivisi z'ubucuzi hagamijwe gukurikirana kure ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'abarwayi bashobora ba ambulatori. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=K |title=Biotelemetry: Could technological developments assist healthcare in rural India |url=http://www.rrh.org.au/publishedarticles/article_print_234.pdf}}</ref> == Gusaba == Ikoreshwa cyane kuri biotelemetrie ni mubice byabugenewe byita k'umutima cyangwa ibice byamanutse mu bitaro. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiourti |first=Asimina |last2=Nikita |first2=Konstantina |date=2017 |title=A review of in-body biotelemetry devices: Implantables, ingestibles, and injectables |journal=IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering |volume=64 |issue=7 |pages=1422–1430 |doi=10.1109/TBME.2017.2668612 |pmid=28212074 |s2cid=34814036}}</ref> byose bifatika bishobora kwanduzwa, porogaramu igarukira gusa ku kugenzura umutima na SpO2 . Biotelemetry iragenda ikorwa cyane mu kumenya inyamaswa n'ibinyabuzima byo mu ishyamba, binyuze mu gupima kure imikorere y'imibiri yabo, imyitwarire yabo, n'imikoreshereze y'ingufu. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugusobanukirwa uburyo inyamaswa zimuka, hamwe nibidukikije bahura nabyo mugupima ibinyabuzima bihindagurika, nuburyo bigira <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooke |first=Steven J. |last2=Hinch |first2=Scott G. |last3=Wikelski |first3=Martin |last4=Andrews |first4=Russel D. |last5=Kuchel |first5=Louise J. |last6=Wolcott |first6=Thomas G. |last7=Butler |first7=Patrick J. |date=2004-06-01 |title=Biotelemetry: a mechanistic approach to ecology |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=334–343 |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.003 |issn=0169-5347 |pmid=16701280 |s2cid=17085487}}</ref> yabyo mugupima ibinyabuzima bihindagurika nkumutima nubushyuhe. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Use of Biotelemetry in the Study of Animal Migration {{!}} Learn Science at Scitable |url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-use-of-biotelemetry-in-the-study-96639422/ |access-date=2019-11-12 |website=www.nature.com}}</ref> ya telemetrie irashobora kwomekwa hanze yinyamaswa , cyangwa igashyirwa imbere, hamwe nubwoko bwokwirakwiza kubikoresho biterwa nibidukikije inyamaswa yimukiramo. <ref name=":0" /> Urugero, mu bushakashatsi ku mikorere y'inyamaswa ziba mu mazi, bakoresha uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi y'amajwi (radio transmission) cyangwa amajwi atumvikana (ultrasonic transmission). Ariko inyamaswa ziba ku butaka cyangwa iziguruka zo, zishobora gukurikiranywa hifashishijwe GPS n'ubutumwa mu kirere (satelitte transmission) == Ibigize sisitemu ya biotelemetrie == Sisitemu isanzwe ya biotelemetrie igizwe na: * Sensor ikwiranye nibimenyetso byihariye bigomba gukurikiranwa * Amashanyarazi akoreshwa na Batiri, abarwayi bambara imashini * Radiyo Antenna n'iyakira <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiourti |first=Asimina |last2=Nikita |first2=Konstantina |date=2012 |title=A Review of Implantable Patch Antennas for Biomedical Telemetry: Challenges and Solutions |journal=IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=210–228 |doi=10.1109/MAP.2012.6293992 |s2cid=20515196}}</ref> * Igice cyo kwerekana gishobora icyarimwe gutanga amakuru kubarwayi benshi == Amateka == Bumwe mu buryo bwa mbere bwakoreshejwe bwa sisitemu ya biotelemetrie bwatangiye mu isiganwa ry’ikirere hakiri kare, aho ibimenyetso bya physiologique byakuwe mu nyamaswa cyangwa abagenzi b’abantu byoherejwe ku isi kugira ngo bisesengurwe (izina ry’uruganda rukora ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi Spacelabs Healthcare ni uburyo rwerekana ko rwatangiye mu 1958 rutezimbere uburyo bwa biotelemetrike muri gahunda yo muri Amerika yo hambere). Ibinyabuzima bikomoka ku binyabuzima byakoreshejwe kuva byibura 1980. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Wolcott |first=T.G. |date=1980 |title=A Handbook on Biotelemetry and Radio Tracking |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookonbiotel0000inte |publisher=Pergamon |isbn=9780080249285 |editor-last=C.J. Amlaner |location=Oxford |pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookonbiotel0000inte/page/279 279]–286 or 333–338 |chapter=Optical and Radio Optical Techniques for Tracking Nocturnal Animals |doi=10.1016/B978-0-08-024928-5.50044-0 |editor-last2=D.W. MacDonald}}</ref> Ibinyabuzima bikomoka ku binyabuzima byateye imbere kugira ngo bidasobanukirwe gusa n’imiterere n’imiterere y’inyamaswa zidafite ubwisanzure, ahubwo binasobanura uburyo inyamaswa zitandukanye zikorana, urugero, hagati y’inyamanswa n’inyambo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Halfyard |first=Edmund A. |last2=Webber |first2=D. |last3=Papa |first3=J. Del |last4=Leadley |first4=T. |last5=Kessel |first5=S. T. |last6=Colborne |first6=S. F. |last7=Fisk |first7=A. T. |date=2017 |title=Evaluation of an acoustic telemetry transmitter designed to identify predation events |journal=Methods in Ecology and Evolution |language=en |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=1063–1071 |bibcode=2017MEcEv...8.1063H |doi=10.1111/2041-210X.12726 |issn=2041-210X |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ibigezweho == Kubera ubwinshi bwa radiyo bitewe na televiziyo ya digitale iherutse gutangizwa muri Amerika no mu bindi bihugu byinshi, komisiyo ishinzwe itumanaho (FCC) kimwe n’ibindi bigo bisa ahandi vuba aha. yatangiye gutanga imirongo yihariye yabugenewe yo gukoresha biotelemetrie yihariye, urugero, Serivise ya Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS). FCC yashyizeho Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ubuvuzi bw’ubuzima bw’ishyirahamwe ry’ibitaro by’Abanyamerika (ASHE / AHA) nkumuhuzabikorwa wa WMTS. Mubyongeyeho, hari ibicuruzwa byinshi bikoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe bya radio bisanzwe biboneka nka Bluetooth na IEEE 802.11 . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} cc4lyx5rl4fzsl0q0rqhoqqh33ffksd 0 21154 138887 125650 2026-09-17T14:14:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138887 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''The Sign Assisted instruction Programme''' ( Chinese ) Bikorwa n'ishuri rya Lutherani ry'abatumva guhera muri Gashyantare 2012 ku nkunga yatanzwe n'ikigega cy'uburezi bufite ireme . <ref name="official website">{{Cite web |title=手語輔助教學計劃 |trans-title=The Sign Assisted Instruction Programme |url=https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140057/https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=The Lutheran School For The Deaf |language=zh-Hant-hk}}</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Abanyeshuri benshi bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva bafite infashanyo ya cochlear yatewe inkunga nikigo cy'igihugu ndetse na guverinoma ya Hong Kong yashyizweho, ariko umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe itumanaho muri komisiyo ishinzwe amahirwe angana, Chen Jie-zhen, yagaragaje ko ubushobozi bwo gutera inkunga cochlear ari buke. Hariho raporo z’abanyeshuri zivuga ko amajwi yoroheje gusa ashobora kumvikana igihe kinini kandi uwatewe ntashobora gukemura ibibazo byo kwiga. Ishuri rya Lutherani ryabatumva ryigisha mu magambo, rifashwa nururimi rw'amarenga kugirango abanyeshuri bashobore kwiga byoroshye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-28 |title=新學制考試令聽障生難圓大學夢 |trans-title=New Academic Structure Makes it Harder for the Deaf to Enter University |url=https://jmc.hksyu.edu/shuo/%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%B6%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6%E4%BB%A4%E8%81%BD%E9%9A%9C%E7%94%9F%E9%9B%A3%E5%9C%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210130357/https://jmc.hksyu.edu/shuo/%e6%96%b0%e5%ad%b8%e5%88%b6%e8%80%83%e8%a9%a6%e4%bb%a4%e8%81%bd%e9%9a%9c%e7%94%9f%e9%9b%a3%e5%9c%93%e5%a4%a7%e5%ad%b8%e5%a4%a2/ |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=Shuo Online |language=zh-hk}}</ref> Ariko, Hong Kong ibuze ururimi rw'amarenga rukoreshwa cyane cyane nabafite ubumuga bwo kutumva ruhuriweho kandi rwuzuye. z amarenga zakozwe nimiryango itandukanye yabatumva kugirango amagambo ashobore kugira imvugo nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, amagambo menshi yerekeye ubuzima bwa buri munsi kandi amagambo yihariye ajyanye n'uburezi ntabwo ahagije. <ref>{{Cite web |title=手說話 多做事 路德會啟聾學校 |trans-title=Speak with Hands, Do More Things, the Lutheran School For The Deaf |url=http://www.grateful-heart.org/WonderfulGrace/content.php?article=3564 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210130430/http://www.grateful-heart.org/WonderfulGrace/content.php?article=3564 |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=Grateful Heart |language=zh-hk}}</ref> == Intego == Kuva muri Gashyantare mu mwaka wa 2012 kugeza Mutarama mu mwaka wa 2015, gahunda yimyaka itatu irakorwa. Intego ni: <ref name="official website">{{Cite web |title=手語輔助教學計劃 |trans-title=The Sign Assisted Instruction Programme |url=https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140057/https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=The Lutheran School For The Deaf |language=zh-Hant-hk}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs "手語輔助教學計劃"] &#x5B;The Sign Assisted Instruction Programme&#x5D;. ''The Lutheran School For The Deaf'' (in Chinese). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140057/https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs Archived] from the original on 10 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=計劃撮要 |trans-title=Plan Summary |url=https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/P2010-0500-1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210153940/https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/P2010-0500-1.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=[[Quality Education Fund]] Cyber Resource Centre |publisher=[[Quality Education Fund]] |language=zh-Hant-hk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-31 |title=計劃總結報告 |trans-title=Plan Report |url=https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/201510/20151023151008_393d5MjAxN.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210153934/https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/201510/20151023151008_393d5MjAxN.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=[[Quality Education Fund]] Cyber Resource Centre |publisher=[[Quality Education Fund]] |language=zh-Hant-hk}}</ref> # Menya neza ko abarimu bigisha haba mu mvugo no mu rurimi rw'amarenga # Gushiraho ikigo cyigisha ururimi rwamarenga # Gutondekanya amagambo y'ururimi rw'amarenga rusanzwe kugirango ufashe abanyeshuri batumva kubaka gahunda imwe y'ururimi rw'amarenga kugirango byorohereze itumanaho no kwiga # Gutegura amagambo yihariye kumasomo yishuri kugirango ufashe abanyeshuri batumva kumva ibikubiye mumasomo no guhuza ibikoresho bize # Tanga amahugurwa yindimi kubarimu kugirango borohereze imyigishirize # Teza imbere umwuka wo kwiga ururimi rw'amarenga # Shigikira kwiga ururimi rw'amarenga na bene wabo b'abanyeshuri batumva # Tanga abanyeshuri batumva nibikenewe bidasanzwe abakozi bigisha bafite imiyoboro yo kwiga ururimi rw'amarenga kugirango bafashe kwiga no kwigisha Kuva muri Gashyantare mu mwaka wa 2015 kugeza Nyakanga mu mwaka wa 2017, gahunda yimyaka ibiri irakorwa. Intego ni: <ref name="official website">{{Cite web |title=手語輔助教學計劃 |trans-title=The Sign Assisted Instruction Programme |url=https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140057/https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=The Lutheran School For The Deaf |language=zh-Hant-hk}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs "手語輔助教學計劃"] &#x5B;The Sign Assisted Instruction Programme&#x5D;. ''The Lutheran School For The Deaf'' (in Chinese). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140057/https://www.lsd.edu.hk/hs Archived] from the original on 10 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=計劃撮要 |trans-title=Plan Summary |url=https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/201712/20130249PP.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210153938/https://qcrc.qef.org.hk/Publish/project_information/201712/20130249PP.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2021-02-10 |website=[[Quality Education Fund]] Cyber Resource Centre |publisher=[[Quality Education Fund]] |language=zh-Hant-hk}}</ref> # Hindura inkoranyamagambo y'ururimi rw'amarenga ubudahwema kugirango ufashe abanyeshuri batumva kuringaniza ururimi rw'amarenga no guteza imbere umunwa # Tegura ibikoresho byoroshye byo kwiga ururimi rw'amarenga kugirango uteze imbere ururimi rw'amarenga # Shiraho umwuka mwiza wo gutegera kugirango ugabanye itandukaniro ryo kwiga # Fasha abarimu nabanyeshuri batumva kwitezimbere # Gutezimbere ibice byabanyeshuri batumva kandi utange amahugurwa yindimi zimyuga # Korohereza itumanaho hagati y'abanyeshuri batumva n'ababyeyi babo # Guteza imbere ururimi rw'amarenga n'umuco wo kutumva kugirango uteze imbere gusabana kwishuri no guhanahana amakuru hagati yumwuga == Kwakira == uwashinje umuryango wa silent cyangwa [[Silence (charity)|guceceka]] mukinyarwanda, Polly Lam, yavuze ko umubare w’amashuri yihariye y’abatumva muri Hong Kong wagabanutse uva kuri atatu ujya ku umwe. Yagaragaje kandi ko amashuri yihariye yabanjirije atigisha ururimi rw'amarenga ku buryo abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva bahatirwa kumva bafite ubushobozi buke bwo kumva cyangwa gusoma iminwa . Nkigisubizo, abanyeshuri ntibashobora kwiga byuzuye. Nubwo umuryango ushobora kwigurira uburezi, bitakaza igihe. Bituma abanyeshuri batakaza ubushake bwo kwiga kandi bakumva bababaye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-13 |title=「龍耳社」李鸝 ── 為聾人利益打拼 |trans-title="Silence" Polly Lam - Fighting for Interests of the Deaf |url=https://www2.hkej.com/instantnews/mobileLiteArticle/id/385461/%E3%80%8C%E9%BE%8D%E8%80%B3%E7%A4%BE%E3%80%8D%E6%9D%8E%E9%B8%9D+%E2%94%80%E2%94%80+%E7%82%BA%E8%81%BE%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A%E6%89%93%E6%8B%BC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210130357/http://www2.hkej.com/instantnews/mobileLiteArticle/id/385461/%E3%80%8C%E9%BE%8D%E8%80%B3%E7%A4%BE%E3%80%8D%E6%9D%8E%E9%B8%9D+%E2%94%80%E2%94%80+%E7%82%BA%E8%81%BE%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%8A%E6%89%93%E6%8B%BC |archive-date=2021-02-10 |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=信網手機版 |publisher=Hong Kong Economic Journal |language=zh-hk}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Ishuri rya Lutherani kubatumva * Ururimi rw'amarenga rwa Hong Kong * Ibipfamatwi == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} avv1themwm1go2wkv23wky6b4qclnm1 0 21168 138647 125670 2026-09-17T12:12:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lang|fr|'''Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris'''|italic=no}} ( , ''National Institute for Deaf Youth of Paris'') is a [[Deaf education|school for the deaf]] founded by [[Charles-Michel de l'Épée]], in stages, between 1750 and 1760 in Paris, France. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Père Vanin rwabaye mu mwaka wa 1759, Abbé de l'Épée yamenyeshejwe abakobwa babiri bafite '''ubumuga''' bwo kutumva bari bakeneye umwigisha mushya. Iri shuri ryatangiye mu mwaka wa 1760 hanyuma nyuma yaho gato rifungurirwa ku mugaragaro maze riba ishuri rya mbere ku isi ku batumva . Ubusanzwe yari iherereye munzu iri kuri 14 rue des Moulins, butte Saint-Roch, hafi ya Louvre i Paris. Ku ya 29 Nyakanga mu mwaka wa 1791, inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubufaransa yemeje inkunga ya leta muri iryo shuri maze ryitwa: " {{Lang|fr|Institution Nationale des Sourds-Muets à Paris|italic=no}} "." Prosper Menière yari umuganga kuva mu 1838 kugeza apfuye mu mwaka wa 1862. Mu mwaka wa 1861, Menière yagejeje kuri Académie Nationale de Médecine kuri bamwe mu barwayi be bo muri iryo shuri bahuye na vertigo ifitanye isano no kutumva kwabo, bikaba ari byo byashingiweho bivuguruzanya ku gitekerezo cye cy'uko ugutwi kw'imbere ari yo nkomoko ya vertigo. Nyuma y’ubwami bwa Esipanye bukuweho mu mwaka wa 1931, umuryango w’ibwami wa Esipanye wabaga mu buhungiro i Fontainebleau . Infante Jaime, Duke wa Segoviya, umuhungu wa kabiri w'umwami Alfonso XIII, yarangije amashuri ye muri Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris. Duke wa Segoviya yari igipfamatwi afite imyaka 4 biturutse ku kwandura ugutwi imbere akiri umwana. <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 June 2020 |title=El tío del Rey Juan Carlos: heredero al trono durante 10 días y muerto en extrañas circunstancias |url=https://www.elmundo.es/loc/casa-real/2020/06/17/5ee8d221fdddff11748b4611.html |access-date=24 September 2024 |work=El Mundo |language=es}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.injs-paris.fr/ Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris (INJS)] ifumlwg1opibaxiwy1re61t4ljvxqa1 0 21184 138900 125695 2026-09-17T21:14:15Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=Umuryango w’Abibumbye|native_name=United Nations|formation=24 Ukwakira 1945|headquarters=New York, Amerika|website=[https://www.un.org un.org]|purpose=Kurengera amahoro, uburenganzira bwa muntu, iterambere}} '''Uruhare rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu Kurengera Uburenganzira bwa Muntu''' ni inyandiko isesengura uburyo ONU yashyizweho, intego zayo, inzego zayo zishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu, ndetse n’uko yagiye ikora ibikorwa byo kurengera uburenganzira bw’abantu ku isi yose<ref>''Charter of the United Nations.'' New York. [https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter UN Charter Official Text]</ref>. == Inkomoko y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye == Umuryango w’Abibumbye washyizweho ku wa 24 Ukwakira 1945, nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose, kugira ngo habeho uburyo bw’ibanze bwo kubungabunga amahoro ku isi no gukumira intambara n’ihohoterwa rikabije ku bantu<ref>Smith, J. (2018). ''The Origins of the United Nations.'' London: Routledge. [https://www.routledge.com/Wartime-Origins-and-the-Future-United-Nations/Plesch-Weiss/p/book/9780415712675 Routledge book page]</ref>. Ishyirwaho ry’ONU ryari rigamije guhangana n’ingorane zagiye zigaragara mu gihe cy’intambara: jenoside, ivangura, gukandamiza abaturage no kwica amategeko mpuzamahanga<ref>Umukazana, G. (2021). [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/sobanukirwa-uburenganzira-bwa-muntu-n-uko-bwubahirizwa Sobanukirwa Uburenganzira bwa muntu n’uko bwubahirizwa:] Kigali Today.</ref>. == Intego z’ONU mu burenganzira bwa muntu == Amasezerano y’ishyirwaho ry’ONU ashyira imbere ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi: # Kurengera amahoro n’umutekano mpuzamahanga # Guteza imbere imibanire myiza hagati y’ibihugu # Kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu no gushyigikira iterambere ry’ubumuntu<ref>United Nations (1945). ''Charter of the United Nations.'' New York. [https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text UN Charter – full text]</ref>. Muri aya mahame, kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu ni kimwe mu by’ingenzi byubakiyeho imiyoborere y’isi. ONU yemeje ko buri muntu afite agaciro kandi ko uburenganzira bwe butagomba kwangizwa n’umuntu cyangwa igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose. == Amasezerano n’inzego z’ONU zishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu == ONU yashyizeho amasezerano n’inzego zigamije gukurikirana no gushyigikira uburenganzira bwa muntu ku isi yose<ref>Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (2022). ''Human Rights Bodies Overview.'' Geneva. [https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies OHCHR Overview]</ref>. Inzego zikomeye z’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri ONU ni izi: {| class="wikitable" !Izina ry’inzego !Intego nyamukuru !Ibikorwa by’ingenzi |- |Umuryango w’Abibumbye ushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu (UNHRC) |Kurengera no gukurikirana uburenganzira bwa muntu ku isi |Gukora raporo, gushyiraho amabwiriza, gukurikirana ibihugu |- |Ihuriro ry’Abakozi b’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (OHCHR) |Gushyigikira ibihugu mu kurengera uburenganzira |Gutanga amahugurwa, raporo, kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa |- |Komisiyo y’Abana n’Abagore (UNICEF & UN Women) |Kurengera abana n’abagore ku isi hose |Gushyiraho gahunda z’uburezi, kurwanya ihohoterwa, ubuvuzi |- |Ihuriro ry’Imiryango itari iya Leta (NGOs) zifatanyiriza hamwe n’ONU |Guhuza ibikorwa bya leta n’imiryango yigenga |Gukora ubushakashatsi, ubuvugizi, gukurikirana ibikorwa |} == Amateka y’ingenzi y’ONU mu burenganzira bwa muntu == ONU yagiye igira uruhare mu bikorwa byinshi byo kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu: # 1948 – Itangazwa rya ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)''<ref>United Nations (1948). ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights.'' New York. [https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights UDHR Text]</ref>. # 1966 – Amasezerano y’Uburenganzira bw’Ubuzima n’Uburezi (ICCPR & ICESCR)<ref>OHCHR (2020). [https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights *International Covenants on Human Rights]*.</ref>. # 1979 – Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)<ref>UN Women (2022). *[https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/regular-resources-report-2022-en.pdf CEDAW Reports*].</ref>. # 1989 – Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)<ref>UNICEF (2021). *[https://www.unicef.org/bulgaria/en/media/10596/file CRC Overview]*.</ref>. # 2006 – Gushingwa kwa UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) gusimbura Komisiyo ya Mbere y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu<ref>Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (2022). ''Human Rights Bodies Overview.'' Geneva. [https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies OHCHR Overview]</ref>. Aya mateka agaragaza ko ONU itari gusa ishyiraho amategeko, ahubwo inagira uruhare mu gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ayo mategeko ku isi. == Imbonerahamwe: Amasezerano y’ingenzi ya ONU ku burenganzira bwa muntu == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka !Izina ry’amasezerano !Intego nyamukuru |- |1948 |Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) |Kumenya, kwandika no gushyigikira uburenganzira bw’abantu bose |- |1966 |International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) |Kurengera uburenganzira bw’ibanze n’ubw’imiyoborere |- |1966 |International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) |Kurengera uburenganzira ku bukungu, uburezi n’umuco |- |1979 |CEDAW |Kurwanya ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina |- |1989 |CRC |Kurengera abana ku isi hose |} == Inzego z’ONU zishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu == ONU yashyizeho inzego nyinshi zigamije gukurikirana no kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu ku isi yose. Izi nzego zifite inshingano zitandukanye: zishinzwe gukurikirana ibikorwa, gushyiraho amabwiriza, gutanga amahugurwa, no gufasha ibihugu gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko mpuzamahanga<ref>Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (2022). ''Human Rights Bodies Overview.'' Geneva. [https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies OHCHR Overview]</ref>. === UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) === UNHRC yashyizweho mu 2006 isimbura Komisiyo ya mbere y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu. Intego yayo nyamukuru ni: * Gukurikirana no gushyigikira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu bihugu byose. * Gukora raporo no gutanga inama ku mahame mpuzamahanga. * Gushyiraho gahunda z’ubufasha ku bihugu bikennye<ref>OHCHR (2022). *[https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/about-council UNHRC Overview]*.</ref>. UNHRC ikoresha uburyo bwo kohereza abagenzuzi ku bihugu, gukurikirana ihohoterwa, no gutanga raporo z’imikorere y’uburenganzira bwa muntu ku Nteko rusange y’ONU. === Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) === OHCHR ifasha ibihugu gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ibikorwa byayo birimo: * Gutanga amahugurwa ku bakozi ba leta n’imiryango y’abikorera. * Gukora raporo ku buryo ibihugu bikurikiza amasezerano mpuzamahanga. * Gushyigikira gahunda zo kurengera [[Umugore|abagore]], abana n’abafite ubumuga<ref>OHCHR (2022). ''Annual Country Reports on Human Rights.'' Geneva. [https://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/country-reports Human Rights Country Reports]</ref>. === UN Women na UNICEF === * UN Women igamije guteza imbere uburinganire n’uburenganzira bw’abagore. * [[UNICEF]] ikurikirana uburenganzira bw’abana ku isi hose. Izi nzego zombi zifasha mu gushyiraho amategeko, amahugurwa, gahunda z’uburezi, no kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abana<ref>UN Women (2022). ''Gender Equality Report.'' New York. [https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications Gender Equality Reports]</ref>. === Imbonerahamwe: Inzego z’ingenzi za ONU z’uburenganzira bwa muntu === {| class="wikitable" !Izina ry’Ikigo !Intego !Inshingano |- |UNHRC |Kurengera uburenganzira bw’abantu ku isi |Kohereza abagenzuzi, gutanga raporo, gushyiraho amabwiriza |- |OHCHR |Gushyigikira ibihugu mu gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko |Amafaranga, amahugurwa, raporo, ubufasha bwa tekiniki |- |UN Women |Guteza imbere uburinganire n’uburenganzira bw’abagore |Gukora ubushakashatsi, amahugurwa, ubuvugizi |- |UNICEF |Kurengera uburenganzira bw’abana |Amahugurwa, gahunda z’uburezi, ubuvuzi, kurwanya ihohoterwa |} == Ibikorwa by’ONU ku Isi hose == ONU ikora ibikorwa byinshi bigamije kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu: * Gushyiraho ibikorwa byo gukurikirana aho uburenganzira bushobora kwangirika. * Gushyira imbaraga mu bihugu bikennye binyuze mu bufasha bw’amafaranga n’ubumenyi. * Kohereza mission z’abagenzuzi mu bihugu byugarijwe n’ihohoterwa. Urugero, mu bihugu byibasiwe n’intambara cyangwa ihohoterwa rya politiki, UNHRC ikora raporo zisesengura uburenganzira bw’abaturage n’ibyemezo byo kubungabunga amahoro. OHCHR nayo igafasha mu gushyiraho amategeko n’ubuyobozi bw’imbere mu gihugu<ref>OHCHR (2022). ''Annual Country Reports on Human Rights.'' Geneva. [https://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/country-reports Human Rights Country Reports]</ref>. === Imbogamizi ONU ihura nazo === N’ubwo ONU ifite intego nyinshi, hari imbogamizi ikomeye: # Kutagira ubushake bwa politiki mu bihugu bimwe n’ibindi. # Kutagira ubushobozi buhagije mu kohereza abagenzuzi cyangwa mu gufasha ibihugu byose. # Amakimbirane ya politiki ku rwego mpuzamahanga ahanini araca intege gahunda z’ONU. # Ihohoterwa rikomeye rishingiye ku gitsina, intambara, n’ivangura rikomeza kuba ikibazo cy’ingorabahizi ku rwego rw’isi<ref>Human Rights Watch (2024). *[https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024 World Report 2024]*.</ref>. === Imbonerahamwe: Ingero z’ibikorwa n’imbogamizi === {| class="wikitable" !Igikorwa cy’ONU !Igihugu/akarere !Ingaruka !Imbogamizi |- |Kohereza abagenzuzi |Myanmar, Syria |Raporo z’ihame ryo kurengera uburenganzira |Kutemerwa n’ubutegetsi, intambara |- |Gushyigikira amategeko y’abagore |Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo |Guteza imbere uburinganire |Ubusumbane, ihohoterwa rikomeje |- |Kurengera abana |Yemen, South Sudan |Gushyiraho gahunda z’uburezi n’ubuvuzi |Intambara, ubukene bukabije |- |Gukurikirana ibikorwa bya politiki |Belarus, Venezuela |Raporo mpuzamahanga, inama z’ubuyobozi |Politiki ikaze, guhonyora abaharanira uburenganzira |} == Ingero z’Ubwirinzi bw’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’Ibikorwa by’ONU == Umuryango w’Abibumbye ukora ibikorwa byinshi byo kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu ku isi hose. Ibikorwa by’ingenzi birimo kohereza abagenzuzi mu bihugu byugarijwe n’intambara cyangwa ihohoterwa, gutanga raporo zisesengura uko uburenganzira bushyirwa mu bikorwa, no gushyigikira gahunda z’uburezi n’ubuzima ku bana n’abagore<ref>OHCHR (2022). *[https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/ohchr-reports/ohchr-report-2022.pdf Raporo y’Uburinganire n’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu*.]</ref>. === Ingero z’Ibikorwa === # '''Myanmar:''' UNHRC yohereje abagenzuzi basuzuma ihohoterwa rikorerwa abaturage b’abahinde n’abandi baturage bari mu byago. Raporo z’ubwigenge bw’abantu zafashije mu gushyiraho ibihano mpuzamahanga ku bakora ihohoterwa<ref>Human Rights Watch (2023). ''Myanmar Country Report.'' New York. [https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/myanmar HRW Myanmar 2023]</ref>. # '''Siriya''': OHCHR yakurikiranye ibikorwa by’intambara n’ihohoterwa ku baturage, itanga raporo zisesengura uko uburenganzira bwa muntu bwubahirizwa. Ibi byafashije mu kugena ingamba z’igisirikare n’ama mission y’amahoro<ref>OHCHR (2022). *[https://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/syria/our-presence#:~:text=The%20Office%20of%20the%20UN%20High%20Commissioner,a%20transition%20to%20a%20peaceful%2C%20just%20society Syria Human Rights Monitoring]*.</ref>. # '''Afuganistani na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo:''' UN Women yashyizeho gahunda zo kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, harimo amahugurwa n’ubuvugizi mu mashuri n’ahandi<ref>UN Women (2022). *[https://www.unwomen.org/en/un-women-strategic-plan-2022-2025 Gahunda zo Kurengera Abagore]*.</ref>. # '''Yemeni na South Sudan:''' UNICEF yashyizeho gahunda z’ubuvuzi n’uburezi ku bana, hafashwa ibihumbi by’abana bageramiwe n’intambara n’amapfa<ref>UNICEF (2021). ''Programmes for Children in Conflict Zones.'' New York. [https://www.unicef.org/reports UNICEF Programmes]</ref>. === Imbogamizi z’Ibikorwa === N’ubwo hari intambwe zatewe, ONU ihura n’imbogamizi zikomeye: * Kutemerwa n’ubutegetsi bw’ibihugu bimwe mu kohereza abagenzuzi. * Intambara n’iterabwoba bikomeje gukoma mu nkokora gahunda z’uburenganzira. * Ubusumbane bukomeye mu bukungu butuma bimwe mu bihugu bidashobora gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ya ONU. * Guhonyora amategeko n’amahame mpuzamahanga n’uburyo bimwe mu bihugu bigira politiki yo gukumira abavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi<ref>Human Rights Watch (2024). ''World Report 2024.'' New York. [https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024 HRW World Report 2024]</ref>. === Imbonerahamwe: Ibikorwa n’Ingabo za ONU ku Isi === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Igihugu/akarere !Igikorwa !Ingaruka ku burenganzira bwa muntu !Imbogamizi |- |Myanmar |Kohereza abagenzuzi |Raporo z’ihame ryo kurengera uburenganzira |Kutemerwa n’ubutegetsi |- |Syria |Gukurikirana ihohoterwa ry’intambara |Ingamba z’igisirikare zafashwe hashingiwe ku mahame mpuzamahanga |Intambara ikomeje |- |Afghanistan |Gushyiraho gahunda z’uburinganire |Kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore |Umutekano muke, imyumvire itaziguye |- |Yemen |Gahunda z’uburezi n’ubuvuzi ku bana |Abana benshi babashije kubona uburezi n’ubuvuzi |Amapfa, intambara |- |South Sudan |Gushyigikira abana n’imiryango |Gufasha ibihumbi by’abana bageramiwe n’intambara |Ubutunzi buke, umutekano mucye |} == Imbogamizi ku rwego rw’Imiyoborere n’Imikoranire == Ububasha bwa ONU burangwa n’imiyoborere y’amahanga n’ubufatanye bw’ibihugu. Hari ibibazo bikurikira: * Ibihugu bimwe bigira ubushake buke bwo gukurikiza amategeko mpuzamahanga. * Intambara, amacakubiri n’ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa ku ruhu bikomeza guhungabanya gahunda. * Kutagira ubushobozi buhagije bwo gukurikirana buri gihugu no kohereza abagenzuzi mu gihe cyihuse<ref>Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (2022). ''Challenges in Implementing Human Rights Programmes.'' Geneva. [https://www.ohchr.org/en/issue-library/challenges-implementing-human-rights-programmes_0 Challenges in Human Rights Implementation]</ref>. == Iterambere rishya mu burenganzira bwa muntu == Mu kinyejana cya 21, uburenganzira bwa muntu buhura n’ihindagurika ry’isi ryihuse, irimo ikoranabuhanga, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, n’ubusumbane bw’ubukungu. ONU yashyizeho gahunda nshya zo kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu no gushyigikira ibihugu mu guhangana n’izi ngorane<ref>UNDP (2024). ''Global Human Rights Development Report.'' New York. [https://www.undp.org/publications UNDP Reports]</ref>. # Ikoranabuhanga n’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu koranabuhanga rihindura uburyo abantu bavugana, bakora, kandi bakora ubuvugizi. Gusa rifite ingaruka ku burenganzira bw’abantu: * '''Uburenganzira ku buzima bwite:''' Gukusanya amakuru ku baturage bishobora guhungabanya uburenganzira bwabo. * '''Uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo:''' Imbuga nkoranyambaga zishobora kuba urubuga rw’ubwisanzure ariko zikanakoreshwa nabi mu gukwirakwiza urwango n’ibinyoma<ref>UNESCO (2023). ''Digital Society and Human Rights.'' Paris. [https://www.unesco.org/en/digital-society UNESCO Report]</ref>. * '''Uburenganzira ku butabera''':Porogaramu z’ubumenyi bw’ubukorano (AI) zishobora gutanga ibyemezo bifite ivangura mu matora, mu kazi cyangwa mu butabera<ref>European Union (2024). ''AI and Human Rights White Paper.'' Brussels. [https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/white-paper-artificial-intelligence EU AI White Paper]</ref>. === Imbonerahamwe: Ingaruka z’Ikoranabuhanga ku Bantu === {| class="wikitable" !Ikoranabuhanga !Ingaruka ku burenganzira bwa muntu !Ingamba zo kubikumira |- |AI (Artificial Intelligence) |Ivangura mu kazi no mu butabera |Gusuzuma porogaramu z’AI, gushyiraho amabwiriza |- |Murandasi n’imbuga nkoranyambaga |Gucibwa ijambo, gukwirakwiza ibihuha |Kunoza amategeko y’ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo |- |Uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru |Guhungabanya ubuzima bwite bw’abantu |Amategeko arengera amakuru y’abantu, kugenzura amakuru |} == Ubufatanye bw’Imiryango y’ibihugu n’iyigenga == ONU ikorana n’imiryango y’ibihugu, imiryango itari iya leta (NGOs), n’ibigo mpuzamahanga mu kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ubufatanye bukorwa mu buryo bukurikira: * Gushyiraho gahunda z’ubuvugizi n’amahugurwa ku burenganzira bwa muntu. * Gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, urwango n’intambara. * Gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’ingenzi nka UDHR, ICCPR, ICESCR, CEDAW na CRC<ref>OHCHR (2022). *[https://www.ohchr.org/en/development/international-cooperation-and-solidarity Global Cooperation on Human Rights*].</ref>. === Imbonerahamwe: Imiryango ifatanya na ONU === {| class="wikitable" !Izina ry’umuryango !Intego !Ubufasha utanga |- |Amnesty International |Kurwanya ihohoterwa, gukurikirana uburenganzira |Raporo, ubuvugizi, ubufasha mu mategeko |- |Human Rights Watch |Kumenyekanisha ihohoterwa n’ivangura |Raporo, ubuvugizi, ubukangurambaga |- |International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) |Kurengera abahuye n’intambara n’ihohoterwa |Gushyiraho amabwiriza, ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi n’amahoro |- |Local NGOs |Gukurikira ibikorwa bya leta no kurengera abaturage |Amahugurwa, ubuvugizi, ubufasha ku baturage |} == Ingaruka z’izi gahunda == Ubufatanye bw’ONU n’imiryango butanga umusaruro mu buryo bukurikira: * Kugabanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abana. * Kurengera uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo no kugenzura imikorere y’inzego za leta. * Gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko y’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu bihugu bikennye. === Imbogamizi z’Iterambere rishya === N’ubwo hari intambwe, hari imbogamizi zikomeye: * Kutagira ubushobozi buhagije bwo gukurikirana ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga. * Politiki ikaze y’ibihugu bimwe igahagarika ibikorwa byo kurengera uburenganzira. * Ihindagurika ry’ubukungu n’imiyoborere rigira ingaruka ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano mpuzamahanga<ref>UNDP (2024). *[https://rolhr.undp.org/annualreport/2024/ Challenges in Human Rights Implementation*].</ref>. == Inama n’Recommendations ku kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu == Mu rwego rwo gukomeza guteza imbere uburenganzira bwa muntu ku isi, inama zikurikira zifite akamaro: # '''Gukomeza ubufatanye bw’ONU n’imiryango y’ibihugu n’iyigenga''': Kugira ngo ibikorwa byo kurengera uburenganzira bw’abantu bigende neza, hagomba gushyirwaho ubufatanye buhamye n’imiryango ya leta n’iyigenga. # '''Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu mucyo''': Ibikorwa bya ONU bikwiye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rinoze mu gukusanya amakuru, kugenzura ihohoterwa no gutanga raporo, hatabayeho guhungabanya ubuzima bwite bw’abantu. # '''Kunoza amategeko arengera uburenganzira bw’abantu ku murandasi''': Ibihugu bigomba gushyiraho amategeko arengera uburenganzira ku buzima bwite n’ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo. # '''Gukomeza gushyigikira abagore n’abana''': Gahunda za UN Women na UNICEF zigomba gukomeza kwiyongera, cyane cyane mu bihugu bikennye cyangwa byibasiwe n’intambara. # '''Gutoza no kongerera ubushobozi inzego z’ibihugu''': Abakozi b’inzego z’ubutabera, imiryango y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, n’abashinzwe gukurikirana amategeko bagomba kubona amahugurwa n’ubumenyi bugezweho. # '''Gukora ubushakashatsi no gushyiraho raporo zisesengura''': Kugira ngo hagire icyemezo cyiza gifatwe, ONU n’imiryango yigenga igomba gukomeza gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku ihohoterwa, ivangura, n’ubusumbane. # '''Gushyira imbere uburenganzira bw’abantu bose''': Ibi birimo kurengera abantu bafite ubumuga, abimukira, abatishoboye, n’abashyizwe ku rugero rw’ubusumbane n’ihohoterwa. === Imbonerahamwe: Intambwe zatewe n’ONU mu burenganzira bwa muntu === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka !Igikorwa cy’ingenzi !Ingaruka ku burenganzira bwa muntu |- |1948 |Gutangazwa kwa Universal Declaration of Human Rights |Kumenya no gushyigikira uburenganzira bw’abantu ku isi hose |- |1966 |Kwemeza ICCPR na ICESCR |Kurengera uburenganzira bw’ibanze n’ubukungu |- |1979 |Kwemeza CEDAW |Kurwanya ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina |- |1989 |Kwemeza CRC |Kurengera uburenganzira bw’abana |- |2006 |Gushingwa kwa UNHRC |Gukurikirana no gushyigikira uburenganzira bwa muntu ku isi |- |2023 |Gushyiraho raporo n’ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga |Kurengera uburenganzira bw’abantu ku murandasi no mu gukoresha AI |} == References == <references /> * 8rrdw2al88qtunncdjxmm45moyb8093 0 21404 138885 136920 2026-09-17T14:14:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138885 wikitext text/x-wiki Bugingo Ndanga Patrick known as '''Pastor P''' wabonye izuba ku 1 Kanama 1986.Ni umwe mu batungamuziki mu buryo bwa majwi(Music Producer) mu Rwanda.Yatangiye uyu mwuga muri 2005 aho nyuma y'imyaka ibiri yakoze indirimbo ya mbere yiswe Ndarota y'umuhanzi Shanel.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/65105/celebrity-watchpastor-p</ref> Usibye kuba ari umutunganyamuziki ni n'umuhanzi, aho yakoze album yitwa "'''Warakoze Kunkiza'''" '''.'''<ref name=":0" /> == Ibikorwa yakoze == Mu mwuga we yakoze ibikorwa byinshi birimo: * Aho yakoranye na King James muri 2014.<ref name=":1">https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/pastor-p</ref> * Aho yajyiye mu bwongereza(United Kingdom) gukora ku ndirimbo za ba diaspora muri 2015.<ref name=":1" /> * Aho yakoze album ifite umwihariko w'umudiho nyarwanda.<ref name=":2">https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/pastor-p-mu-isura-nshya-twumvane-album-nshya-yahurijeho-indirimbo-zo-hambere</ref> * Yakoze ku ndirimbo zirimo iza ba Meddy, The Ben, Riderman, Buravan and nabandi benshi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4162/entertainment/music/producer-pastor-p-returns-set-to-release-first-album</ref> == Byinshi wamumenyaho == Mu iziki ufite umudiho nyarwanda , uyu muhanzi yasubiyemo indirimbo ya Burna Boy yise “Ye’’ ayicuranga bya Kinyarwanda ndetse iranishimirwa cyane ukurikije ibitekerezo byayitanzweho ku rubuga rwa Youtube.Iyi ndirimbo yagiye hanze muri Nzeri 2021 yayisohoye nk’umuhanzi mushya mu muziki witwa KaguranoRwimo.Aho yavuze ko ari amazina akomora kwa Sekuruza, . Ati “Kagurano yari Sogokuruza wanjye naho Nyirarwimo akaba Nyogokuruza, bityo Sogokuruza aza kubihina anyita Rwimo.”Aya ni amazina Pastor P yavugaga ko yahawe na Sekuruza ayakurana mu muryango ariko ntiyayitwa mu buzima busanzwe. Pastor P avuga ko aya mazina yahawe n’ababyeyi be yayiyise ubwo yatekerezaga gukora umuziki ushingiye ku muco w’u Rwanda.Ati “Ntekereza gukora umuziki ushingiye ku muco w’u Rwanda, nibwo nabonye ko nkwiye gukoresha ya mazina nahawe na Sogokuruza.”Yavugaga ko n’ubwo azajya akoresha aya mazina, ntabwo bikuyeho ayo yari asanzwe yitwa nk’umutunganyamuziki.<ref name=":2" /> == Ibihangano bye == Album nshya ya Kagurano Rwimo yayise “'''Ruticumugambi'''”. Iyi album igizwe n’indirimbo 10. Hariho indirimbo z’Urukerereza nka “Kabanyana k’Abakobwa’’, “Rubanda rugira ayabo”, “Wiriweho mwali’’, “Ibare”, “Agashinge”, “Yewe Roza” na “Amashyo Rugamba”.Hariho izindi ndirimbo nka ‘Inyamanza”, yamenyekanye cyane mu myaka yo hambere iyi kuri iyi album yayirimbiwe na Marie Louise (Umubeyi w’i Musanze), “Abaticumugambi” y’Abasaamyi ba Nkombo na “Laurette” ya Kamaliza yaririmbiwe na Miss Shimwa Guelda wegukanye ikamba rya Nyampinga w’Umurage n’Umuco muri Miss Rwanda mu 2017.Pastor P yavuze ko iyi album ari igitekerezo cyaturutse ku kuntu yabonaga indirimbo zo ha mbere zitagicurangwa kandi zifite amateka ahambaye ku bakunzi b’umuziki, bityo zikaba zikwiriye gusigasirwa.Ati “Iyo ugiye kureba usanga indirimbo zo ha mbere radiyo zitakizicuranga kuko nta muziki irimo nyamara zifite amateka akomeye ku mitima yacu, ibyo byatumye nzisubiramo nziha imiziki kandi nzikora ku buryo bugezweho ku buryo byakunda ko bakomeza kuzicuranga no muri iyi minsi.”Pastor P yavuze ko iyi album y’indirimbo icumi yazihereyeho mu rugendo rwe rwo gukora umuziki, ati “Nibaza ko mfite indirimbo nyinshi zirimo izanjye bwite, gusa naravuze nti aho kugira ngo nkomeze gukora izindi uwabanza kureba ku zisanzwe zihari.”Laurette ya Kamaliza yasubiwemo na Miss Guelda Shimwa ntabwo ari indirimbo nshya kuko Pastor P yayimukoreye mu myaka yo hambere dore ko uyu mukobwa yanayiririmbye mu gitaramo cyo kumurika album ya Charly na Nina mu 2017.Iki gihe uyu mukobwa yavugaga ko yiteguye gutangira urugendo rw’umuziki ku giti cye gusa yaje guhura n’ibicantege bitandukanye iby’umuziki abishyira ku ruhande.<ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} louhm7arjl8xqxphmoryyh1b1srowmm 0 21510 138596 128122 2026-09-17T12:05:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138596 wikitext text/x-wiki == Patrick Irakiza == Patrick irakiza n'umusore w'umunyarwanda, ukora imyitozo ngorora mubiri akaba afite wimyaka 23 yamavuko wiga muri kaminuza y' [[Rwanda]], mu ishami ry' uburezi i rukara, Muntara y' iburasirazuba, akaba ashobora gukoresha umubiriwe agashushanya uruziga, yanakwizingazingira kugiti nk' inzoka, ashobora no kwigana ingendo z' inyamanswa zimwe nazimwe nki ingagi ndetse nizindi. Akaba yariyise "Boneless" aribyo bisobanura umuntu utagira amagufwa, umurebye wakwibazako atagira amagufwa bitewe nuko akoresha ibice by'umubiri we. <ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c4gx7ykx29yo</ref> Uyu musore ashobora gukoresha umubiri umurongo ugororotse imfuruka ya 180 nibindi abantu babonako bitashoboka, Ndetse akaba akomoka mukarere ka Musanze mu ntara yamajyaruguru y' Igihugu.<ref name=":0" /> Akaba yaravuzeko == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} brhh1fzs8cew52gdny8r6oqd0qr6x9r 0 21516 138709 128131 2026-09-17T12:24:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138709 wikitext text/x-wiki Igikombe cy'isi cy'umupira w'amaguru ni irushanwa ritegurwa n'ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry'umupira w'amaguru (FIFA), rikaba buri gihe nyuma y'imyaka ine, rikabera mu gihugu cyateganyijwe, rikitabirwa n'ibihugu <ref name=":0">https://www.conmebol.com/noticias/argentina-campeon-mundial-a-100-dias-de-levantar-la-tercera/</ref>biba byaratsinze imikino y'amajonjora, bihatanira kwitabira iryo rushanwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} btdakgur13m1vtdlxxbp3qszump7l3n 0 21524 138909 128143 2026-09-17T21:19:32Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138909 wikitext text/x-wiki Umuziki w'Urwanda ukomeje gutera imbere haba mu gihugu no murwego mpuzamahangaaho abahanzi barimo '''Bruce Melodie''' na '''Meddy''' baza ku isonga mu<mark>gukurikirwa cyane kuri</mark> Spotify muri 2023. Dore bamwe mu bahanzi bagezweho kandi b’abahanga bagaragaza impano zidasanzwe muri iki gihe <ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=ABAHANZI+BO+MU+RWANDA&sa=X&sca_esv=2827ae63164125c3&sxsrf=ANbL-n4dSDbudjXIVTq-AokztP2hDjiPuQ%3A1771601418324&source=lnms&fbs=ADc_l-aN0CWEZBOHjofHoaMMDiKpaEWjvZ2Py1XXV8d8KvlI3jljrY5CkLlk8Dq3IvwBz-SJyfRX_inP-J3Cs9lQZu9Jfs7bKPahJnRsHKc4onwyDteSSEPgQjtM807GQyuH8QcgBkANT_OVs8K54bHUxAbVUOIJd9B0sWAZcvnWO5H2xLc6LTSbk8sdR6-uui_53TGy7jQo4DVzMTbRHkp-O7ysRSthuQ&aep=1&ntc=1&ved=2ahUKEwjF4uPJseiSAxUTOPsDHQqzGfoQ2J8OegQIDxAE&mstk=AUtExfCGjtShguHcEsQFY9iIUVlBrYQnstJtOJhszyOYa7lt1dj9uN_mIgG4O-OL6zJnDD75j_AKKequxZLahYKlKqtOZfZnUoWUj7huie7TL4ASvDef5TozyxHIge5kAwvC6Au3cm72BkLmm857H2uN6u5mUal7k_RAWqbTirgsRPyDKwsBi3app2pv8p-IXMY3LA4pXWtN2JeHJqrzzahCeYYSaEWJZ1V7lgWlvRWLDoOlHpyDlX4j8JT2lK1wn8O_QAo5MKPDrs6IBOKZbF5K6PjH5pKGAHSptkyyYoeGnMN8wgvmQo37Zw3fvrtf0zfBK20LfPI7R3jUEzV4hlIL5Cy4zgvGCZ-_6Q&csuir=1&udm=50&biw=1458&bih=650&dpr=0.94</ref> (2025-2026)Abahanzi bagezweho kandi bakunzwe cyane * '''Bruce Melodie:''' Ufatwa nka nimero ya mbere mu bakunzwe cyane mu Rwanda kuri ubu, aho muri 2023 yari afite abasaga miliyoni 4.3 bamutega amatwi kuri Spotify. * '''Meddy:''' Umwe mu bafite amateka akomeye mu muziki nyarwanda ndetse n'abafana benshi, ukorera umuziki we muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. * '''The Ben:''' Inshuti n'umukeba wa hafi wa [[Meddy]], bose bazwiho kugira ijwi ryiza no gukora indirimbo zikora ku mitima ya benshi. * '''Kenny Sol:''' Umwe mu bahanzi bagezweho muri iki gihe, ugaragara no mu bazasusurutsa abazitabira [[Tour du Rwanda]] Festivals 2026. * '''Bwiza:''' Umwe mu bahanzikazi. ** bakiri bato ariko bagezweho kandi bafite ejo hazaza heza mu muziki. Abahanzi bashya n'abandi bo guhanga amaso mu 2025-2026 Muri uyu mwaka wa 2025 n'utaha wa 2026, hari abahanzi benshi barimo kwigaragaza cyane: ** '''Kivumbi King:''' Umuraperi uzwiho kwandika neza no kugira imyandikire yihariye. ** '''Bushali:''' Umwami w'injyana ya Kinyatrap. ** '''Ruti Joel:''' Umunyempano mu njyana gakondo ihuje n'ubuhamya bw'ubu. ** '''Element Eleéeh:''' Producer waje no mu buhanzi, ufite indirimbo nka "Kasha" na "Fou de toi. ** '''Andy Bumuntu:''' Uzwi cyane mu njyana ya Blues na Soul. [[Dosiye:ABAHANZI BO MU RWANDA.png|thumb|abahanzi]]Ese wifuza kumenya '''indirimbo nshya''' z'aba bahanzi cyane cyane izisohotse muri uyu mwaka, cyangwa wifuza kumenya '''amateka''' y'abahanzi ba kera (legendary artists)? <ref>[[Dosiye:ABAHANZI BO MU RWANDA.png|thumb]] </ref> dsh1pagfu0kwdl2h33xiuure69q5z2h 0 21546 138832 128169 2026-09-17T13:32:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ejoheza FC''' cyangwa Ejoheza football Academy (Ejoheza WFC/Academy) ni ikipe y’[[umupira w’amaguru]] y’[[Umugore|abagore]] ategurwa na [[FERWAFA]], ndetse na marushanwa y'abatarengeje imyaka 17/20. ikinira Murenge wa bugarama mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Karere ka Rusizi]]. Ejo heza FA ibarizwa mu cyiciro cya kabiri cya shampiyona mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino/football/article/amakipe-73-y-abana-agiye-gutangira-shampiyona-y-umupira-w-amaguru</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMGN077Bc4c</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umupira w’amaguru]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe ya bagore]] ao4ynma6qc1ebag9efxrb3mz7db4gfs 0 21720 138693 128500 2026-09-17T12:23:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138693 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kazingufu_Ali_with_the_Award_of_the_Best_Three_Point_Shooter.jpg|thumb|Kazingufu Ali yahawe igihembo cy'umukinnyi mwiza watsinze amanota atatu muri FIBA AFRICA ]]'''Kubwimana Kazingufu Ali''' ( yavutse 29 Ukuboza 1995 ) ni umukinnyi wamaboko wa [[Umupira w’agatebo|basketball]] w'abigize umwuga, ukinira REG ndeste nu Rwanda . Guhagarara kuri 1.80 m, akina nk'umuzamu w'inyuma .<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/09/reg-lines-up-strong-squad-as-they-target-fiba-zone-v-club-title/</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/12/fiba-world-cup-qualifiers-bosnjak-summons-rwanda-squad-for-second-round-preps/</ref> == Ubuzima bwa mbere == Ali ni umukinnyi w’umuzamu uzwi cyane kubera umuvuduko we, nkuko bamwe mu bafana bakunze kumwita Umuntu ufite ibihaha bine; ashobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'Umurinzi wo Gushotora, kandi ni umuhanga mu gushotora amanota atatu. Yakinnye n'abandi banyamwuga benshi bazwi nka Shime (gutsinda muri IPRC Kigali Basketball club); Sani Eric (hagati muri IPRC South Basketball club) na Marc Rushagaza ( muri Patriots BBC).<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/147328/Sports/kazingufu-tips-high-flying-reg-to-eye-a-treble</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/131816/Sports/meet-kubwimana-the-2015-16-mvp-primed-for-stardom</ref> Ali yakiniye ikipe y'igihugu ya Basketball y'u Rwanda kuva muri 2014. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] nern1lu26kxwfa17woe9m4hxksyyylx 0 21747 138620 128619 2026-09-17T12:07:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ildephonse Sehirwa''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] akabari [[umugabo]] wiruka intera ndende ya Marato. Sehirwa yitabiriye marato y'abagabo mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1992.<ref>https://olympicrwanda.org/olympians/</ref> == Amarushanwa == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Kwiruka]] i2821oowsvxaprrpv08ui4hh3613y0k 0 21924 138597 128989 2026-09-17T12:05:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Java-Inovotec Pro''' ni [[ikipe]] y'amagareibarizwa i Ngarama mu [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|karere ka Gatsibo]], ikaba ikipe y'abigize umwuga ikaba ibarizwa mu [[Rwanda]], ikaba ikina imikino ya Tour du Rwanda ndetse n'amarushanwa muzamahanga. Ni ikipe itoza kandi ikita ku iterambere ry'abakinnyi b'abanyarwanda, Ni ikipe ibarizwa mu cyiciro cya gatatu ku mugabane w'afurika, iyi kipe ikaba yaratwaye amarushanwa atandukanye mu Rwanda cyangwa muri afurika.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/amagare/article/benediction-ibaye-ikipe-ya-mbere-mu-rwanda-yemewe-na-uci</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref> == Amarushanwa == Java-Inovotec Pro ni ikipe ifite ibikombe bitandukanye ndetse yakinnyemo abakinnyi batandukanye nka : * Byukusenge Patrick * Nsengiyumva Shemu * Tuyizere Étienne * Mugisha Moïse == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe y'amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] n8k5ic1q2amxojulmh61no7omuqni1e 0 21925 138648 133791 2026-09-17T12:12:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ngendahayo Jérémie''' (yavutse kuya 29 Mata 2001 i Kigali) ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] akaba ari umunyonzi w'[[igare]] w'abigize umwuga, akaba akinira ikipe ya May Stars, akaba yarakinnye amarushanwa atandukanye harimo [[Tour du Rwanda]] muri 2026.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/ngendahayo-jeremie-na-ingabire-diane-begukanye-isiganwa-ryo-kwibuka29-amafoto</ref><ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/amagare/article/benediction-ibaye-ikipe-ya-mbere-mu-rwanda-yemewe-na-uci</ref> == Amarushanwa == Ngendahayo Jérémie yakinnye amarushanwa atandukanye mu Rwanda ndetse no mu Rwanda harimo no ku isi, yegukanye yegukanaga Isiganwa ry'Amagare ryo Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 29 mu Rwanda, yegukanye kandi umwanya wa mbere mubakuru mu mwaka wa 2019 mu irushanwa ry'Intwali ry'abato, ndetse wakinnyeye kandi yegukanye umudari w'okunyonga ku giti cye mu isiganwa rya Race to Remember muri 2023 mu Rwanda .<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] cbbebfa5mimvf57mcg4mfnoyf0hz6cc 0 21986 138664 129121 2026-09-17T12:14:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138664 wikitext text/x-wiki Muri muco nyarwanda, '''"Gutanga inka"''' ni umuhango ukomeye cyane ushushanya ubucuti, icyubahiro, n'ubumwe hagati y'abantu. Inka ntabwo yari itungo gusa, yari ikimenyetso cy'ubutunzi n'agaciro k'umuntu mu muryango. Dore ubusobanuro bw’ingenzi bw’uyu muhango: === 1. Guca Ubuhake (Guhana Inka) === Mu Rwanda rwo hambere, gutanga inka byari uburyo bwo kurema umubano hagati y’umutunzi (shebuja) n’umugaragu. Iyo shebuja yahaga umuntu inka, yabaga amuhaye ubushobozi bwo kubaho neza, kandi uwo muntu akamugaragariza ubudahemuka.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/Ubukwe_bwa_kinyarwanda.pdf </ref> === 2. Inkwano (Gukwa) === Mu muhango wo gushyingirwa, umuryango w’umuhungu utanga inka mu muryango w’umukobwa. Ibi ntibivuze "kugura" umukobwa, ahubwo ni: * '''Ishimwe:''' Gushimira ababyeyi bareze umukobwa neza. * '''Ubumwe:''' Guhuza imiryango yombi ikaba inshuti binyuze kuri iryo tungo. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/Ubukwe_bwa_kinyarwanda.pdf ti6pkc4wqgy3h1gopsff2mx3oqof7j4 0 22134 138680 129295 2026-09-17T12:21:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Irakoze Neza Violette''' yavutse ku ya 1 mutarama 2001, ni [[Rwanda Nziza|umunyarwandakazi]] wavukiye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] akaba ari umwe mu [[Umugore|bagore]] bazwi mu mukino wa magare, kuko yatangiye gukora siporo siporo y'amagare mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] akiri ingimbi. <ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/amagare/article/amagare-abakinnyi-23-bazahagararira-u-rwanda-muri-shampiyona-nyafurika-ya-2025</ref> == Ibihembo == Irakoze Neza Violette yatwaye ibihembo bitandukanye mu rwanda nohanze yarwo, aha twavuga nko muri 2018 yatwaye shampiyona yama gare mu Rwanda mu bagore.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] 4wzzais8m5gv8rz0948bjf2rgg5jncp 0 22214 138649 129433 2026-09-17T12:12:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gufata irembo ry’umugeni''' ni umwe mu mihango y’ingenzi ikorwa mu bukwe bwa kinyarwanda. Uyu muhango uba mbere gato yo kujyana umugeni mu rugo rw’umugabo. Ukorwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko umuryango w’umusore ugeze ku muryango w’umukobwa ugiye kumujyana, kandi ugakorwa mu buryo bw’umuco burimo ibyishimo, indirimbo n’imvugo zubaha impande zombi.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ubukwe-nyarwanda-ibyiciro-10-bigoye-bamwe-bigatunga-abandi</ref> Mu muco nyarwanda, '''irembo''' rifatwa nk’ahantu h’ingenzi cyane mu rugo kuko ari ho abashyitsi binjirira. Iyo umuryango w’umusore ugeze ku rugo rw’umukobwa ku munsi w’ubukwe, bahagarara ku irembo mbere yo kwinjira mu rugo. Icyo gihe hatangira ibiganiro cyangwa imikino y’umuco hagati y’abantu bahagarariye umuryango w’umukobwa n’abahagarariye umuryango w’umusore. Intego ni ukugaragaza ko umuryango w’umusore uje mu cyubahiro kandi witeguye kubaha umuryango w’umukobwa<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/INDANGAGACIRO_Z_UBUKWE_BWA_KINYARWANDA__Booklet.pdf</ref>. Muri uwo muhango, akenshi abahagarariye umuryango w’umukobwa bashobora kubanza kubuza abashyitsi kwinjira, bakababaza impamvu baje n’icyo bashaka muri urwo rugo. Ibi bikorwa mu buryo busetsa kandi bushimishije, ariko bifite n’igisobanuro cy’umuco. Abavugizi cyangwa abantu bo ku ruhande rw’umusore basobanura ko baje gutwara umugeni bemerewe mbere mu muhango wo gusaba. Bashobora no gutanga impano cyangwa amafaranga make nk’ikimenyetso cyo gufungura irembo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/amafoto-umuhango-wo-gufata-irembo-wa-jonas-na-amanda-akaliza-witabiriwe-na-tito-rutaremara-139173</ref> == Uko bikorwa == Iyo ibiganiro birangiye neza, umuryango w’umukobwa wemera '''gufungura irembo'''. Ibi bivuze ko bemeye ko abashyitsi binjira mu rugo kandi ko umugeni ashobora gutegurwa ngo ajyanwe mu rugo rw’umugabo. Uyu mwanya uba ari uw’ibyishimo kuko akenshi habaho kuririmba indirimbo z’umuco, kubyina no kwishimira uwo munsi wihariye mu buzima bw’umugeni n’umuryango we. Nyuma yo gufungura irembo, abashyitsi binjira mu rugo bagakomeza indi mihango y’ubukwe nko kwakira umugeni, kumusezera ku muryango we, no gutangira urugendo rumujyana mu rugo rw’umugabo. Bityo, '''gufata irembo''' ni ikimenyetso cy’uko urugendo rwo kwimura umugeni rutangiye ku mugaragaro kandi ko imiryango yombi yemeye gukomeza uwo mubano w’ubushyingiranwa. Muri rusange, umuhango wo gufata irembo ni igice cy’umuco nyarwanda cyuzuyemo ibyishimo, gusabana n’icyubahiro hagati y’imiryango. Ugaragaza ko ubukwe atari ihuriro ry’abantu babiri gusa, ahubwo ari ihuriro ry’imiryango ibiri igiye kubana mu mubano mushya. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 61fl2gj2kyfvmvss6pygrwm2f7e2yt4 0 22257 138621 129668 2026-09-17T12:07:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138621 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:St Vincent Palloti Church In Gikondo.jpg|thumb|Idini]] '''Idini''' rifite inkomoko mu [[Ururimi|rurimi]] rw'[[Igiswahili]] cyangwa se mu rurimi rw'icyarabu rikaba risobanura Ukwemera. Idini ahanini imyemerere inshiye ku myizerere, cyangwa uburyo abantu basengamo bigendanye n'imihango, amahame bikuzwa n'itsinda ry'abantu kugirango bagaragaze ubumwe n'ubunyangamugayo. <ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/sobanukirwa-itandukaniro-hagati-y-itorero-n-idini</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/iyobokamana/article/idini-n-iki-udasenga-ninde-uko-musenyeli-aloys-bigirumwami-yabisobanuye</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/inkomoko-y-idini-rya-satani-rimaze-guhabwa-intebe-nk-andi-yose</ref> == Idini == idini rihaza icyifuzo cy'ibanze cy'umuntu cyo gushaka intego y'ubuzima no kumenya imbaraga zimukuriye. Icyakora, abantu benshi bagaragaza ko idini ritandukanye n' itorero cyangwa umubano wihariye n'Imana, aho idini rifatwa nk'uburyo bwo hanze n'amategeko, mu gihe kwizera nyakuri ari ibyo mu [[Umutima|mutima]].<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] gkjxt20scb3hgohawv3nt7qmfdto6v8 0 22262 138904 129677 2026-09-17T21:16:34Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138904 wikitext text/x-wiki Kurongora no kurongorwa byabanzirizwaga n'imisango y'ubukwe mu muco wa kinyarwanda. Iyo igihe cyabaga kigeze, umuryango w'umukobwa bahekaga umukobwa bakamushyira umuryango w'umusore.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere Iby’ingenzi byabaga bigize ubukwe bw’Abanyarwanda bo hambere - IGIHE.com]</ref> == Uburyo byakorwaga mu gihe cyo hambere == Umukobwa igihe yabaga ageze kwa sebukwe, hari imihango yakorwaga yokumwakira igiye itandukanye bitewe na gace byakorerwagamo. Hari aho iyo yabaga akiri mubingi by'amarembo, yahagararaga hejuru yaho batabye urusyo, nyirabukwe akamukoza umwuko ku mpanga.<ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22737/gufata-irembo-the-traditional-engagement Gufata Irembo; The traditional engagement - The New Times]</ref> Hari aho umugeni yinjiraga agasanga sebukwe yicaye ikambere akamwicaza ku bibero akamuha inka y'ibibero akabona kujyanwa mu mbere. Mu gihe ibirori by'ubukwe byabaga bigeze hagati. se w'umusore yamujyanaga kurongora. <ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ubukwe-nyarwanda-ibyiciro-10-bigoye-bamwe-bigatunga-abandi Ubukwe Nyarwanda: Ibyiciro 10 bigoye bamwe bigatunga abandi - Kigali Today]</ref>Mu kurongora hakoreshwaga umwishywa, umusore akawambika umugeni hanyuma akavuga ati ndakurongoye ndi kanaka mwene kanaka, maze ababyeyi bakavuza [[impundu]]. Ibirori byarakomezaga kugeza mu gitondo, abaje baherekeje umugeni bagasezera bagataha. Nyuma y'uko abaje bahetse umugeni bageze iwabo w'umukobwa bagashikiriza ababyeyibe umwishywa. Hakurikiragaho umuhango wo kwakira umwishywa ukabanzirizwa no gucunda.<ref>[https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/dore-ibintu-abasore-bahurizaho-mu-gihe-bahitamo-umukobwa-barongora Dore ibintu abasore bahurizaho mu gihe bahitamo umukobwa barongora - Umuryango.rw]</ref> == Ibindi wamenya == Nta mukobwa washyingirwaga yaratakaje ubusugi kuko kubutakaza byabaga ari igisebo ku mukobwa, umuryango akomokamo n’igihugu. Uwabaga yatwise atarashyingirwa, yafatwaga nk’uwatesheje igihugu ubusugi, kugira ngo igihugu gisubirane iryo shema ry’ubusugi bwacyo, umukobwa bakamucira mu mahanga cyangwa bakamuroha. Nyuma yo kurongorwa, hari iminsi umugeni yamaraga ari mu nzu adasohoka. Muri icyo gihe cyo gutinya yaboheraga nyirabukwe akebo k’ibara rimwe, bitaga nyirabitabo.<ref>[https://ingenzinyayo.com/2019/05/20/umuranga-wafatwaga-nkinkingi-yumuryango-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere/ Umuranga yafatwaga nk’inkingi y’Umuryango mu Rwanda rwo hambere – Ingenzinyayo]</ref> Gutinya byafashaga umukobwa kumenyerana n’umuryango ajemo, akamenya imyitwarire n’imico biranga umuryango mushya ajemo. Hakurikiraga gutwikurura. Ni umuhango wakorwaga hagamije gusohora umugeni kugira ngo bamuhe uburenganzira bwo kujya ahagaragara, kugira ngo atangire imirimo ye. Habanzaga gukura abageni mu nyegamo, kubogosha [[amasunzu]], guha abana amata no kubereka imitwa.Mu kwerekwa imitwa, urugo rushya rwahabwaga ibyangombwa nkenerwa birimo ibikoresho, ibiribwa n’ibindi. Umuryango w’umukobwa wabaga wamuzaniye ibiribwa, imyaka n’ibikoresho byo mu gikoni. Umukwe mukuru ni we watumwaga mu rugo ngo ayobore uwo muhango, aherekejwe n’abakuze n’amasugi.<ref>[https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/dore-ibintu-abasore-bahurizaho-mu-gihe-bahitamo-umukobwa-barongora Dore ibintu abasore bahurizaho mu gihe bahitamo umukobwa barongora - Umuryango.rw]</ref> == Ishakiro == sqinbdpmzy9gns5f1m7x8chidhfxg4i 0 22310 138710 129755 2026-09-17T12:25:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niyomungeri Peace Olga''' ni umukinyi w’u[[Umupira w’amaguru|mupira w’amaguru]] w'abigize umwuga , kuri ubu ukina mu [[Rwanda]] mu ikipe ya '''[[Rayon Sports Women Football Club|Rayon Sports Women FC]]''', akaba akina nka rutahizamu kuri numero 10.<ref name=":0">https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/peace-olga-niyomwungere/531735//</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Niyomungeri Peace Olga Kuri ubu akina muri Rayon Sports WFC, aho yinjiye muri Mutarama 2025 avuye mu ikipe y'abagore mu ikipe y' '''AS Kigali,''' Azwi ku kabyiniriro ka Pogba kubera imikinire ye,yakiniye ikipe nka La Colombe FC yo mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] n'andi makipe yo muri [[Uganda]].<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Femme]] eg3quqy2mhu5v3xb20psyew16tasqre 0 22321 138635 136095 2026-09-17T12:10:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138635 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nyirarucyaba == Mwene Gihanga na Nyamususa, akaba umukobwa umwe rukumbi mubahungu umunani Gihanga yabyaye kubagore batandukanye. Nyirarucyaba yaje gukura arashyingirwa mubazigaba bagengaga ingoma y'u Mubali aha nyirakuru Nyirarukanganga yakomokaga. Amate ntago atwereka uwo bashakanye ariko baje kubyarana umwna w'umuhungu bamwita Gacyaba.<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/mpinganzima/inkuru/article/nyirarucyaba-imbanza-mu-bihangange-by-abagore-b-i-rwanda</ref> Gacyaba ni we sekuru w'ubwoko bw'abacyaba bagenga Ingoma y'Ubugara, nubwo Nyirarucyaba yashyingiwe amateka atwereka ko yari umwe mubanyamirimo ku ngoma ya se, ariko babita abakozi b'igihugu muri icyo gihe. Yabaye umuyobozi w'umugore wambere munzego zohejuru z'igihugu mu mateka y'u Rwanda. Niwe wari umutware w'ingabo zitwaga "Abahiza" Wari umutwe w'ingabo zishinzwe kwikorera imitwaro yose y'ibwami.<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/mpinganzima/inkuru/article/nyirarucyaba-imbanza-mu-bihangange-by-abagore-b-i-rwanda</ref> Ubutwari n'ibigwi bye amanyekana cyane ndetse n'abana be bose<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-myth-of-nyirarucyaba-and-the-origin-of-cows-in-rwanda-rwanda-cultural-heritage-academy/7AVxx0kMcuqDPQ?hl=en</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 7n1fqvi21k0j1gedzg7af7etb1jzldf 0 22325 138694 129780 2026-09-17T12:23:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138694 wikitext text/x-wiki Umuranga yafatwaga nk'inkingi yamwamba y'umuryango mu Rwanda rwohambere. == Umuranga yafashaga m'Umuhango w'ubukwe == Umukobwa wabaga atarabona umushima akamushimagiza akamuranga mu muryango ufite umusore, yaheraga iwabo n’ubwo bitakundaga kubaho. Iyo niyo yabaye inkomoko y’umugani w’Ikinyarwanda ugira uti Umukobwa wabuze umuranga, yaheze mwa nyina. Cyari ikizira mu Rwanda rwo hambere ko Umusore cyangwa se inkumi birambagiriza, ababyeyi na bo byari umuziro ko binjira mu byo gushakira abana babo. Aho rero niho hakenerwaga umuhuza w’imiryango yombi ngo izagere ku ntego yo kubana, uwo niwe bitaga Umuranga.<ref name=":0">[https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere Iby’ingenzi byabaga bigize ubukwe bw’Abanyarwanda bo hambere - IGIHE.com]</ref> Mu muco wo mu Rwanda rwo hambere na n’ubu utaracika, habagaho umuntu witwaga Umuranga wabaga afite uruhare runini mu bukwe bwa Kinyarwanda, akagira inshingano zikomeye zo guhuza imiryango ibiri ikabasha gushyingirana. Umuranga ni we wafashaga imiryango y’abateganya gushyingiranwa kumenyana no gutunganya neza imihango ijyanye no kurambagizanya kwayo. Umuranga yabaga ari inshuti y’imiryango yombi ishaka guhana abageni cyangwa akaba umuvandimwe w’umuryango umwe, ariko aziranye n’abantu bo mu muryango bashakamo amaboko. Iyo umuranga yamenyeshaga imiryango uwo yatoranyije, umusore n’inkumi bashoboraga guhura, bakamenyana cyangwa bakaganira mu buryo busanzwe.<ref name=":1">[https://ingenzinyayo.com/2019/05/20/umuranga-wafatwaga-nkinkingi-yumuryango-mu-rwanda-rwo-hambere/ Umuranga yafatwaga nk’inkingi y’Umuryango mu Rwanda rwo hambere – Ingenzinyayo]</ref> == Umuranga yabagaho ate muri sosiyete == Umuranga yatoranywaga n’imiryango ifite abasore n’inkumi bagejeje igihe cy’ubukure bashobora kuba bashyingiranwa, niyo mpamvu wasangaga agasozi aka n’aka gafite umuranga umwe udahinduka, bitewe n’imyitwarire myiza bamubonyeho. Umuranga yabaga ari umuntu ukomeye mu muryango nyarwanda, by’umwihariko agace atuyemo, yabaga ari umuntu uzi kubana no kuganira, ku buryo abasha gutanga ibisubizo ku bintu runaka byananiranye.<ref>[https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=769&section=5 Section: UMUTWE WA 5: Umuco nyarwanda | S2: Kinyarwanda | REB]</ref> Niyo mpamvu umuntu umeze atyo yitabazwaga kenshi mu birori bihuza abantu benshi nk’ubukwe. Umuranga yashoboraga guhuza imiryango ifite abana bakuze bashobora gushaka, akabaranga yaba yabisabwe cyangwa se atabisabwe, maze akazagira ubuhanga n’ubugeni bwo kuzahuza imiryango yombi ayereka ukuri nyako k’uko bashobora gushyingirana. Ni we muntu wagiraga imirimo myinshi mu muhango w’ubukwe, haba mbere yabwo ndetse na nyuma yabwo. Uw’ibanze ari nawo wamuhaga iryo zina, ni uwo kuranga umukobwa wa kanaka ugeze igihe cyo kurongorwa, akamurangira umuhungu wa kanaka na we ukeneye kurongora.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} oza8n7gcofct15l1em4xu7mhcchdoup 0 22339 138910 129803 2026-09-17T21:20:03Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138910 wikitext text/x-wiki Ni ibitaramo byatangiye muri kamena mwaka wa 2019 muri 2020 bikomwa munkokora nicyorezo cya COVID-19 gusa bikanyuzwa kuri terevisiyo y'Igihugu aho abahanzi bagiye batandukanye bataramiraga abakunzi babo babasusurutsa mu bihe bya guma mu rugo.<ref>[https://umuseke.rw/ingengabihe-yibitaramo-bya-mtn-iwacu-muzika-festival-2023/ Ingengabihe y’ibitaramo bya ‘MTN Iwacu Muzika Festival 2023’ – UMUSEKE]</ref> == Ibyo wamenya kw'ibi Bitaramo == Ni ibitamo by'umuziki byari bisanzwe byitwa Iwacu Muzika Festival byahindutse MTN Iwacu Muzika Festival nyuma y'uko sosiyete ya MTN ibaye umutera nkunga mukuru w'ibi bitaramo bitegurwa na EAP.Ni ibitaramo byitabirwa n’abahanzi batandukanye bagezweho, hagamijwe gutanga ibyishimo ku bakunzi b’umuziki.<ref>[https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/mtn-iwacu-muzika-festival-2025-akari-ku-mutima-w-abahanzi-bataramiye-i MTN Iwacu Muzika Festival 2025: Akari ku mutima w’abahanzi bataramiye i Nyagatare bwa mbere (Amafoto) - IGIHE.com]</ref> MTN Iwacu Muzika Festival ni iserukiramuco ry’ibitaramo bizenguruka igihugu biba buri mwaka.Abahanzi bagaragaza ko ari amahirwe adasanzwe yo baba babonye yo kongera gutaramira abakunzi babo hirya no hino mu gihugu bakabizeza kuzatanga ibyishimo bidacagase. Umwaka ushize, ibi bitaramo byari byatumiwemo abahanzi nka [[King James]], Riderman, Bull Dogg, Juno Kizigenza, Ariel Wayz, Kivumbi King, na Nel Ngabo. <ref>[https://umuseke.rw/mtn-iwacu-muzika-festival-igiye-kongera-kuzenguruka-igihugu/ “MTN Iwacu Muzika Festival” igiye kongera kuzenguruka igihugu – UMUSEKE]</ref>Abo barimo abahanzi bakiri bato nka Juno Kizigenza, Kivumbi King, Ariel Wayz na Nel Ngabo, usanga bakunzwe na benshi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, ariko batarashobora gususurutsa abakunzi babo hirya no hino. Ibi bitaramo bitegurwa na Sosiyete ya [[MTN Rwanda]] ku bufatanye na EAP Rwanda, bikomeje gushyira hamwe bamwe mu bahanzi bakomeye mu gihugu no hanze yacyo. Kuri taliki 11 Gashyantare uyumwaka wa 2026 EAP isanzwe itegura ibi bitaramo yatangaje ko kuri iyi nshuro bizabera mu mijyi irindwi y’u Rwanda.<ref>[https://news.africanorwanda.rw/huye-lights-up-at-iwacu-muzika-festival-2025/ Huye Lights Up at Iwacu Muzika Festival 2025 – Africano Rwanda News]</ref> Bavuga ko ibi bitaramo bizatangira ku taliki ya 20 Kamena 2026 bikarangira ku tariki ya 1 Kanama 2026, bizaca mu mijyi nka Huye, Ngoma, Nyagatare, Karongi, Muhanga, Musanze na [[Rubavu]]. Byitezwe ko ibi bitaramo bizitabirwa n’abahanzi batandukanye bagezweho, hagamijwe gutanga ibyishimo ku bakunzi b’umuziki.<ref>[https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/nyuma-yimyaka-7-davis-d-agiye-kugaragara-muri-mtn-iwacu-muzika-festival-1773930443442 Nyuma y'imyaka 7, Davis D agiye kugaragara muri MTN Iwacu Muzika | InyaRwanda.com]</ref> == Amasahakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] cobrrso2s02v1pubsd78rsbnr3fmgqv 0 22349 138681 129818 2026-09-17T12:21:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ubukwe( ceremony).jpg|thumb|307x307px|Gusaba irembo]] '''Gufata irembo''' cyangwa '''Gusaba irembo''' ni umuhango gakondo wakorwaga n'bakurambere bu [[Rwanda]] m'ubukwe nyarwanda, ukaba ariwo ukurikiraho nyuma yo kurambagiza, aho umuryango w'[[Umugabo|umusore]] avukamo ujya gusaba maze nyuma yaho umuryango w'umukobwa ubyemeye bagashinga [[urugo]]. Byerekana guhabwa ikaze kw'abakwe, ikaba intambwe ya mbere y'imikoranire ishyira akadomo ku kurambagiza.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere</ref> == Uko bikorwa == '''Gufata irembo''' Uko bikorwa nuko umuryango w'umusore uzana inzoga ziherekejwe n'isuka y'ifatarembo hamwe n'inka y'ifatarembo, hakaba hari umwanya wokwakira abakwe, kumenyesha ko umukobwa asabwe, ndetse n'ibimenyetso nk'isando mbese akabando k'umusave byashyirwaga mu bikingi by'amarembo, habaga hari abasaza n'imiryango yombi, ariko umusore n'umukobwa ntibabonekagamo muri ibyo birori.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ubukwe-nyarwanda-ibyiciro-10-bigoye-bamwe-bigatunga-abandi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} . [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] lgo45ryo6x568horx2i4z7d4034tz7r 0 22350 138622 129819 2026-09-17T12:08:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138622 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kwakira igisabo.jpg|thumb|umuhango]] '''umuhango''' ni [[Ijambo ryibanze Ubushakashatsi|ijambo]] rifite ibisobanuro binyuranye bitewe n'aho rikoreshejwe, haba mu muco n'Imigenzo, mu buzima bw'[[Umugabo|Igitsina]] [[Umugore|Gore]] ndetse no mu mibanire y'abantu. Umuhango ni igikorwa cyangwa umugenzo ukorwa mu buryo bwihariye kandi bukurikiza amabwiriza runaka yateganyijwe. Ibi bikunze kugaragara mu bihe by'ingenzi by'ubuzima.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/ndakurongoye-ndi-ibyo-wamenya-ku-muhango-wagaragarizwagamo-ubutwari-bwo-mu</ref><ref>https://urungano.rw/imihango-ubugimbi-ubwangavu/</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzBkkbDKjHo</ref> == uko rikoreshwa == Umuhango ubukwe ubundi rikoreshwa ahantu hatandukanye muburyo butandukanye, haba mu bukwe, Kwita umwana izina, Imihango y'iyobokamana gakondo, Gushyingura, Imihango, (Ibi ni ikimenyetso by'umukobwa cyuko umubiri we ukuze kandi ushobora kubyara, Umuhango nanone kandi ushobora gusobanura igikorwa cyo gusura abantu cyangwa guhura na bo mu buryo bw'icyubahiro.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/rutangarwamaboko-yakoze-umuhango-gakondo-wo-gusohora-no-kwita-izina-ubuheta</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] m5q5j9upkbamgcpmjnfxddj8pzkyp3b 0 22387 138711 129882 2026-09-17T12:25:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138711 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Paroisse ste famille.jpg|thumb|Paruwasi y'umuryango]] '''Paruwasi''' ni icyicaro cy'ubuyobozi cyangwa kikaba uhurira rya santarale,[[Umudugudu wa Mumena|umidugudu]], Sikilisali bakorera imimuriko, ndetse n'ubuyobozi bwa [[Kiliziya Gatolika|Kiliziya]] [[Kiliziya Gatolika|gatolika]] cyangwa amadini yandi asazwe gusa muri Kiliziya Gatolika kiba kigizwe n'abakristu batuye mu gace kamwe k'akarere runaka, bayobowe na Padiri Mukuru cyangwa pasiteri ariwe mushyumba.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/diyosezi-ya-kibungo-ni-yo-ifite-paruwasi-nyinshi-zafunzwe-kiliziya-yagize-icyo-ibivugaho</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyemerere/article/adepr-yashyizeho-abashumba-bashya-b-amaparuwasi-barimo-n-abagore-bane</ref> == Ishingano == Kuri Paruwasi niha habera ibinyu byinshi bitandukanye harimo ubuyobozi icyicaro cya padiri mukuru, ndetse no gutanga inshingano nko gutanga amasakaramentu, kwigisha ijambo ry'Imana, no gufasha binyuze muri Caritasi. paruwasi ya mbere yashinzwe mbere mu Rwanda ni '''Save''' yashinzwe muri 1900.<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/7819884.html</ref><ref>https://kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/Diyosezi-Gaturika-ya-Ruhengeri-yungutse-Paruwasi-nshya</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] n7wy4cwakxj1hxa4qw8cmacqt9mgxo9 0 22390 138682 129903 2026-09-17T12:21:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138682 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Wiki-folklore-HM Tribu Betsileo.jpg|thumb|282x282px|Kurambagiza]] '''Kurambagiza''' ni [[Rimwe|umwe]] mu migenzo yakorwaga n'abacyera abakurambere, aho cyari igikorwa cyangwa urugendo rutoroshye rwo kumenyana no gusuzuma niba imiryango ibili ifite ibantu abantu [[Kabiri|babiri]] bakundana bashobora kubana mbese kureba ko [[umugabo]] ndetse n'[[umugore]] niba bombi bufite intego n'indangagaciro bihuye mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo gushyingiranwa.<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/kurambagiza-nta-ntego-ni-nko-gukikisha-icyo-uharaye</ref> == Intego == '''Kurambagiza byari bifite Intego yo gushinga urugo,''' Kurambagiza nyakuri ntibiba ari ukwishimisha gusa, ahubwo biba bifite intego yo kureba niba mwazubaka urugo, '''Kumenyana byimbitse,''' Ni umwanya wo kuganira ku mico, amateka, n'imyizerere ya buri wese kugira ngo mumenye niba mushobora kuzuzanya, kandi ni umwanya usaba '''ubushishozi, b'''isaba kureba imyifatire y'undi, kumenya imiryango avukamo, n'uburyo afata ibyemezo.<ref>https://urushako.rw/wp/2021/02/11/icyo-bibiliya-ivuga-ku-kurambagiza-igice-cya-3/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] h1ey937h173532m6d37h72nyrod315a 0 22396 138598 132654 2026-09-17T12:05:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138598 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Church Wedding 210.jpg|thumb|ubukwe]] '''Gutinya''' umwanya cyangwa igihe kiba nyuma y'ubukwe akaba ari [[umuhango]] wo mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]] gakondo kuva kera mu bakurambere mu [[Rwanda]], aho umugeni yamaraga mu nzu i kambere iminsi runaka iminsi igera kuri 7 cyangwa irenga nyuma yo kurongorwa, ntajye ahagaragara cyangwa ngo akore imirimo yo mu rugo .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere</ref> == Gukwikurura == '''Gutinya''' byasoza n'umuhango wasozwaga n'undi muhango witwa '''[[Gukwikurura|Gutwikurura]]''', aho umugeni yasohorwaga akerekanwa ku mugaragaro maze agatangira imirimo ye nk'umugore mu rugo rwe.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/Rusizi-Ubukwe-buri-kugenda-buhindura-ishusho</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] b1m3or2q1e1b0jtclk1uuysmm4q3yhz 0 22411 138740 136805 2026-09-17T12:33:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138740 wikitext text/x-wiki KAYONZA MODERN SECONDARY SCHOOL ni ikigo cy'amashuri yisumbuye giherereye mu karere ka kayonza mu ntara y'iburasirazuba<ref name=":0">https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/schools-directory/boarding-secondary-schools?tx_news_pi1%5BoverwriteDemand%5D%5Bcategories%5D=2662&cHash=225c2b36a0bf0358c6fe5174a9f5f92f</ref> == Ubumenyi Butangwa mu Kigo cya Kayonza Modern Secondary School == Muri iki kigo cya Kayonza modern secondary school hatangirwamo amasomo atandukanye arimo:<ref name=":0" /> amasiyanse n'ubumenyingiro:PCB,PCM,MPC,HEL,MEG NA HGL.Uretse aya masomo batanga,bagiye batwara n'ibihembo bigiye bitandukanye birimo icya AI,ROBOTICS,na COMPUTER SCIENCE(ubumenyingiro).<ref>[https://www.certafoundation.rw/resource/kayonza-modern-high-school-visit#:~:text=On%2022nd%20March%2C%20we%20were%20pleased%20to,in%20the%20rapidly%20advancing%20field%20of%20technology. https://www.certafoundation.rw/resource/kayonza-modern-high-school-visit#:~:text=On%2022nd%20March%2C%20we%20were%20pleased%20to,in%20the%20rapidly%20advancing%20field%20of%20technology.]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} py06390ozb0h0mlavtioy5ehz88ndeg 0 22429 138581 132758 2026-09-17T12:03:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138581 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cultural2.jpg|thumb]] '''Kuvumba''' mu Kinyarwanda ni umwe mu muco wa kera w'[[abanyarwanda]], ni ijambo rikoreshwa cyane mu rurimi rw'abantu baciriritse ku giti cyabo bikaba bivuze kujya mu birori, mu [[Ubukwe|bukwe,]] cyangwa ahatari [[Ibiryo bya Kinyarwanda|ibiryo]] utatumiwe, ugamije kurya, kunywa, no kwishimana n'abandi ariko utaratumiwemo .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/Rusizi-Ubukwe-buri-kugenda-buhindura-ishusho</ref><ref>https://abodetidings.com/tag/umuco-mwiza-wo-kuvumba-imbetezi-cyangwa-urwagwa/</ref> == Umuco nyarwanda == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] 6p68stinq0n7dcntbsnirtltktsuvye 0 22430 138712 131527 2026-09-17T12:25:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138712 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kuboha irulindo.jpg|thumb|Ubugeni]] '''Ubugeni''' mu [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco nyarwanda]] ni isomo cyangwa ubumenyi bukubiyemo ibintu byose bijyanye n'ubuhanzi, [[Ubwiza bw'ibirunga|ubwiza]], n'ubuhanga bw'ibyaremwe n'[[UMUNTU UFITE UBUMUMUGA BWO MUMUTWE YAKORA IKI?|abantu]] mu buryo bugaragaza imibereho n'indangagaciro by'[[Abanyarwanda]]. == Umuco == Umuco nyarwanda wari ufite ubugeni bwinshi harimo u'''bugeni bw'amabara''' nk'ibishushanyo, ibimenyetso, Ubugeni bw'umuziki hazagamo icyembe, Ubugeni bw'imbyino, Ubugeni bw'ubukorikori. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ubugeni/article/rubavu-inzu-rwanda-my-heart-ije-ari-igisubizo-ku-banyabugeni-baburaga-aho-bagaragariza-ibihangano</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ubugeni/Abanyabugeni-ngo-ntibashimishwa-nuko-Abanyarwanda-badakunze-kugura-ibyo-bakora</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] [[Ikiciro:Rite]] r8jq1gf5g920xr9zxondb27mq2kpumf 0 22473 138741 137112 2026-09-17T12:33:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138741 wikitext text/x-wiki Ingabire Muziga Mamy ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyamwuga mubijyanye no kuzamura ikoranabuhanga akoresheje Drone ndetse afite ubushobozi n'ubunararibonye buhambaye mugutegura no gucunga imishinga na gahunda zigamije kuzamura imibereho y'abantu no guhindura ejo hazaza habo.Azwi kandi nk'umuyobozi mukuru (Managing Director),Charis Animanned Aerial Solution Rwanda.<ref name=":0">https://www.afgoesdigital.com/mamy-muziga-ingabire-we-came-up-with-demand-led-solutions-for-using-drones/</ref> == Amashuri yize == Uyu munyarwandakazi uzwi ku mazina ya Ingabire Muziga Mamy yize amashuri abanza ndetse nayisumbuye.Yakomeje kwiga aho afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza (Barchelor's Degree) mu bumenyingiro bw'ubuzima (Applied Life Sciences),yibanze kuri Biotekinoroji(Biotechnology)aho yayikuye muri Midland i Johannesburg, muri Africa y'Epfo. Yanize kandi amasomo ajyanye n'imicungire y'imishinga(Project Management) ndetse niyoboramutungo n'imiyoborere(Leadership management) ikorerwa kuri murandasi.<ref>https://www.wef.org.in/ingabire-muziga-mamy/</ref> == Akazi akora(imirimo akora) == Ingabire Muziga Mamy akorana n'imiryango itandukanye nka CTA n'imiryango mpuzamahanga itari iya Leta(NGOs),mugufasha abahinzi bato kongera umusaruro wabo.Service za Drone zishingiye mugukusanya amakuru,kugirango bahe abahinzi amakuru bakeneye.Ahuza ubumenyi,ikoranabuhanga n'ubuyobozi,Ni umutoza n'umujyanama,ateza impinduka nziza abinyujije mudushya.Ayobora ibigo bikurikira:<ref name=":0" /> 1.UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Indege itagira umu pilote arizo Drone.<ref>https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122332/records/6474b085f2e6fe92b3634d1a</ref> 2.CTA(Technical Centre for Agriculture and rural cooperation ni ikigo gishinzwe ubuhinzi n'iterambere ry'icyaro.<ref>https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122332/records/6474b085f2e6fe92b3634d1a</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} saznnvl0jipalm3n66lnqeulqv1q8fq 0 22479 138848 137128 2026-09-17T13:34:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138848 wikitext text/x-wiki == Blandy Star == ''Uwase Blandine'' wamenyekanye ku izina rya ''Blandy Star'' ni umunyamakauru w'umunyarwandakazi ukora kuri Radio &Tv10, ndetse akaba afite ikiganiro cyitwa 'this and That anyuza kuri youtube channel nayo yitwa gutyo, aho akorana na mugenzi we Tessy.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/tessy-uvugwa-mu-rukundo-na-shizzo-yashyize-umucyo-ku-itandukana-rye-na-blandy</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} j0fre97ezpzzflcwlkhi3mpwzqr585v 0 22486 138901 136594 2026-09-17T21:14:44Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 138901 wikitext text/x-wiki == Dr Alice NIRAGIRE == Alice Niragire ni umuganga w'umunyarwandakazi w'inzobere mu kubaga(general surgeon),uzwi cyane kuba ariwe mugore wa mbere mu Rwanda muri ako kazi. Yavukiye mu Karere ka Ruhango, [[intara]] y'amajyepfo mu mwaka 1982.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/5110/news/women/rwandas-top-5-female-surgeons</ref> == Amashuri == Amashuri abanza yayize Ecole Primaire de Nyarurama , ayisumbuye ayiga muri Ecole des sciences Byimana ahiga Biology and Chemistry. Mu mwaka 2004 nibwo yagiye kwiga muri Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda, yiga mu ishami ry'ubuvuzi bw'abantu (General medecine and surgery) Imyaka 6. Mu mwaka wa 2015 nibwo yaje gusoza amasomo y'ikirenga(masters) mu kubaga(MMed Surgery). Aba abaye umugore wa mbere wabonye iyo mpamyabumenyi mu Rwanda kuva iyi gahunda yatangira mu mwaka wa 2006.<ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Dr Niragire yakoze mu bitaro bitandukanye mu Rwanda, aho yatangiriye gukora hari mu bitari bya [[Rwamagana Solar Power Station|Rwamagana]], aho yakoraga mu bikorwa byo kubaga no kuvura abarwayi , akaba yarahakoze umwaka umwe<ref name=":0" />.Nyuma yaho yaje kwimukira muri Kigali University Teaching Hospital (CHUK), bimwe mu bitaro bikuru byigisha mu Rwanda, aho akorera nka General Surgeon.<ref>https://www.chuk.rw/clinical-services/surgery</ref> Kamwe mu kazi akorayo nuri munsi harimo: * Kubaga ibyihutirwa( Emergency Surgery) * Kubaga ibisanzwe(Elective Surgery) * Kwigisha abanyeshuri b'ubuvuzi n'abari mu mahugurwa( residents).<ref name=":0" /> == Ishakiro == ---- ---- * 1m0ficvji0g2v4b72pgr4zjo6u935c7 0 22492 138636 136684 2026-09-17T12:10:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138636 wikitext text/x-wiki Lausanne Ingabire Nsengimana ni umwe mu banyarwandakazi bazwiho mugukora ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa mu gihugu kuko ni umwe mu bakiri bato mu gisirikare cy'u Rwanda bahawe ipeti rya Coloneli.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Amashuri yize == Lt Col Lausanne Ingabire Nsengimana yize amashuri abanza ndetse nayisumbuye akomeza mu ishuri rya Gisirikare mu Bubiligi,Loyal Military Academy arangiza Cadet mu 2011.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Ibyo akora == Lt Col Lusanne Ingabire Nsengimana yakoze mu myanya itandukanye ku cyicaro gikuru cya RDF n'ahandi nk'i Gako,i Musanze abona n'andi masomo ya Girikare nk'agenewe abasirikare bakuru yaherewe i Fort Leavenworth muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za America,ari kandi no mu basirikare b'u Rwanda bagiye mu butumwa bw'amahoro muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique.Muri 2019 Col Ingabire yahawe inshingano zindi mu gisirikare cy'u Rwanda agirwa Umuyobozi Mukuru ukuriye Urwego rw'Imikoranire y'Ingabo n'abasivili.Ntabwo akiri kuri izi nshingano kuko mu minsi ishize yoherejwe mu zindi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} dvou0pgv2sdfgevanudrv6k2f0cvtjr 0 22493 138854 136992 2026-09-17T13:34:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138854 wikitext text/x-wiki Lt Col Stella Uwineza ni umunyarwandakazi w'imyaka 42, n'umubyeyi ufite abana batatu(3) ari mubakora akazi ko kurinda umutekano w'igihugu cy'u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2002.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Ibyo akora == Lt Col Stella Uwineza mu 2020 yari afite ipeti rya Major,ubu yahawe ipeti rya Colonel.Yakoze inshingano ze za Gisirikare mu bice bitandukanye aho mu 2020 yoherejwe mu butumwa bw'amahoro muri Sudan y'Epfo.Icyo gihe yari inshuro ya kabiri ajya muri ubu butumwa,nyuma yo kuva muri i Darful muri Sudan hagati ya 2020 na 2021.Nubwo yagombaga gusoza ubutumwa bwe bw'umwaka muri Werurwe icyorezo cya Coronavirus cyatumye agumayo.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel. https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-bategarugori-7-bazamuwe-mu-ntera-muri-rdf-bagirwa-ba-colonels#:~:text=Hari%20hashize%20igihe%20kinini%20abagore,ubu%2C%20barindwi%20bagizwe%20ba%20Colonel.]</ref> == Ibihembo yahawe == Lt Col Stella Uwineza ni umwe mubagize Rwanda Air Force,aho yakoze amateka agashimirwa nk'umwe mu bagore barindwi bambere bageze ku Ipeti rya Koloneli,bazamuwe bavuye ku ipeti rya Liyetona Coloneli kuwa 19 Ukuboza 2023.<ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/15107/news/women/col-stella-uwineza-on-what-inspired-her-to-join-rdf#:~:text=Col%20Stella%20Uwineza%20gives%20a,Women's%20Day%2C%20on%20March%208. https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/15107/news/women/col-stella-uwineza-on-what-inspired-her-to-join-rdf#:~:text=Col%20Stella%20Uwineza%20gives%20a,Women's%20Day%2C%20on%20March%208.]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ktzmnqll0ayq7w6r2p8lfj5hitolr0t 0 22494 138886 136925 2026-09-17T14:14:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138886 wikitext text/x-wiki == Gahamanyi Bibiane Mbaye == Honorable Gahamanyi Bibiane Mbaye ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse 02/12/1957. Ni umusenateri mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda, kuva muri Nzeri 2024, aho ari muba senateri bane(4) bashyizweho na Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika Paul KAGAME.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-15 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111084408/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Honorable Bibiane akaba afite ubwenegihugu bburi ubw'u Rwanda n'ubwa Senegal.<ref name=":0">[https://www.ktpress.rw/2024/09/president-kagame-appoints-four-senators/?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://www.ktpress.rw/2024/09/president-kagame-appoints-four-senators/]</ref> == Akazi == Honorable Gahamanyi Bibiane Mbaye azwi mu guharanira burenganzira bwa muntu( human rights advocates). Akaba yarakoze mu bijyanye n'uburenganzira bwa muntu mpuzamahanga, Uburinganire, ubuzima bw'imyororokere n'uburenganzira bwabwo,ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n'iterambere.<ref name=":1">[https://southfeministfutures.org/staff-members/bibiane-mbaye-gahamanyi/?utm_source=chatgpt.com https://southfeministfutures.org/staff-members/bibiane-mbaye-gahamanyi/]</ref> Hon. Gahamanyi Bibibane Mbaye yakoze mu myanya ikomeye mu miryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye irimo:"International Planned Parenthood Federation( IPPF), Oxfam GB, Action Aid International , African Centre for Democaracy and Human Rights Studies," Yanakoranye n'imiryango ya Afurika nka:"ENDA( Environment and Developmant Africa), UAPS( Union for African Population Studies)."<ref name=":1" /> == Ibihugu yakoreyemo == Hon. Gahamanyi Bibiane Mbaye yakoze mu bihugu bitandukanye harimo Gambia( Banjul), Kenya( Nairobi), na Senegal( Dakar).<ref name=":1" /> == Indimi == Hon. Gahamanyi Bibiane Mbaye azi neza indimi 4: Ikinyarwanda, icyongereza, igifaransa,n'igiswahili.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ---- 9i5t1aqivwzbo5tcksj4oyigernc5sr 0 22496 138742 137114 2026-09-17T12:33:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138742 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hope Tumukunde Gasatura == Honorable Hope Tumukunde Gasatura ni umunyarwandakazi ukora muri Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda manada ya Kane 2024-2029, akabarizwa mu mutwe w'abadepite.<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5BcurrentPage%5D=3&cHash=2448fc9a8b74ef35e01e4364673ed2d9</ref> == Amashuri == Yize imitekerereze ya muntu n'imibare mu kiciro cya mbere muri Kaminuza muri Kaminuza ya Makerere muri Uganda. Ikiciro cya Kabiri cya Kaminuza yakize muri Kaminuza ya New York muri Amerika aho yize Imiyoborere ya Leta( Masters' Degree in Public Admnistration). == Akazi == === Mu mahanga === Hon. Hope yabaye:<ref>chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/<nowiki>https://nanhri.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Nexus-between-Strong-NHRIs-and-Development-in-Africa-Maendeleo-Policy-Forum-Report.pdf</nowiki>?</ref> * Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda muri Ethiopia * Ambasaderi w'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika {African Union(AU)} guhera mu mwaka wa 2015 * Uhagarariye u Rwanda mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika( African Union) * Aba n'umwe mu bagize Urwego rushinzwe Amahoro n'Umutekano mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 0nzh1wxuxk2lweq40eb0t684bg4mo1u 0 22526 138855 136994 2026-09-17T13:42:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138855 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyamata Memorial Site 13 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nyamata memorial site]] '''<u>Itegurwa rya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi</u>''' Itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ryatangiye kera binyuze mu kubiba amacakubiri n’ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Guhera mu gihe cy’abakoroni no mu Repubulika ya mbere n'iya kabiri, Abatutsi batangiye kugaragazwa nk’abanyamahanga n’abanzi b’igihugu. Hashyizweho indangamuntu zanditsemo amoko kugira ngo bitwaze uburyo bwo kubatoteza, kubambura uburenganzira bwabo, no kubameneshea mu nzego z’uburezi n’umurimo, ibyo byose bikaba byari urufatiro rwo kumvisha abaturage ko Umututsi atari umunyarwanda nk'abandi. Mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1990, itegurwa ryahinduye isura rishyirwa mu bikorwa binyuze mu ikubitiro ry’itangazamakuru ry’urwango n’icengezamatwara mubisha. Hashyizweho radio RTLM n’ikinyamakuru Kangura byakwirakwizaga amagambo n’inyandiko bisebya Abatutsi, babita "[[Inyenzi]]" n’ibindi bikoresho by’itoteza. Inyandiko nka "Amategeko icumi y'Abahutu" yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushishikariza abaturage kwanga no guha akato [[Abatutsi]], bituma igice kimwe cy'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]] cyumva ko kwica undi ari inshingano yo kurinda igihugu. Hagati aho, ubutegetsi bwariho bwatangiye gushinga no gutoza gisirikare imitwe y’urubyiruko rw’Inkeragutabara ruzwi nka [[Interahamwe]] n’Impuzamugambi. Urwo rubyiruko rwahabwaga imyitozo yo kwica no gukoresha intwaro mu gihugu hose, ndetse runahabwa intwaro gakondo n’imbunda. Muri icyo gihe, inzego z’ubuyobozi bwite bwa Leta zakoze amalisiti y’Abatutsi n’abahutu batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi kugira ngo bazahite bicwa umunsi umushinga nyirizina watangiye. == Mbere y’uko Jenoside nyirizina itangira muri Mata 1994, habayeho amagerageza y'ubwicanyi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu nka Kibirira, Bugesera, na Mutara. Ibi bikorwa byari bigamije kureba uko abaturage bitwara mu bwicanyi no gusuzuma niba amahanga azagira icyo akora. Kubera ko amahanga yacecetse kuri ayo magerageza, abateguraga Jenoside bahawe intege zo gukomeza umushinga wabo, kugeza igihe ihanurwa ry'indege ya Habyarimana ryakoreshejwe nk'imbarutso yo gutangiza itsembatsembanyi ryari ryarateguwe mu buryo bwose: mu mitekerereze, mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, no mu bikoresho.<ref>https://search.yahoo.com/search?fr=mcafee&type=E210US714G0&p=preparation+of+genocide+in+rwanda</ref> == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 7qubtqsoa5ahn10onfdhnjexvt5ovg4 138867 138855 2026-09-17T13:43:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* Mbere y’uko Jenoside nyirizina itangira muri Mata 1994, habayeho amagerageza y'ubwicanyi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu nka Kibirira, Bugesera, na Mutara. Ibi bikorwa byari bigamije kureba uko abaturage bitwara mu bwicanyi no gusuzuma niba ama */ 138867 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyamata Memorial Site 13 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nyamata memorial site]] '''<u>Itegurwa rya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi</u>''' Itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ryatangiye kera binyuze mu kubiba amacakubiri n’ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Guhera mu gihe cy’abakoroni no mu Repubulika ya mbere n'iya kabiri, Abatutsi batangiye kugaragazwa nk’abanyamahanga n’abanzi b’igihugu. Hashyizweho indangamuntu zanditsemo amoko kugira ngo bitwaze uburyo bwo kubatoteza, kubambura uburenganzira bwabo, no kubameneshea mu nzego z’uburezi n’umurimo, ibyo byose bikaba byari urufatiro rwo kumvisha abaturage ko Umututsi atari umunyarwanda nk'abandi. Mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1990, itegurwa ryahinduye isura rishyirwa mu bikorwa binyuze mu ikubitiro ry’itangazamakuru ry’urwango n’icengezamatwara mubisha. Hashyizweho radio RTLM n’ikinyamakuru Kangura byakwirakwizaga amagambo n’inyandiko bisebya Abatutsi, babita "[[Inyenzi]]" n’ibindi bikoresho by’itoteza. Inyandiko nka "Amategeko icumi y'Abahutu" yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushishikariza abaturage kwanga no guha akato [[Abatutsi]], bituma igice kimwe cy'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]] cyumva ko kwica undi ari inshingano yo kurinda igihugu. Hagati aho, ubutegetsi bwariho bwatangiye gushinga no gutoza gisirikare imitwe y’urubyiruko rw’Inkeragutabara ruzwi nka [[Interahamwe]] n’Impuzamugambi. Urwo rubyiruko rwahabwaga imyitozo yo kwica no gukoresha intwaro mu gihugu hose, ndetse runahabwa intwaro gakondo n’imbunda. Muri icyo gihe, inzego z’ubuyobozi bwite bwa Leta zakoze amalisiti y’Abatutsi n’abahutu batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi kugira ngo bazahite bicwa umunsi umushinga nyirizina watangiye. Mbere y’uko Jenoside nyirizina itangira muri Mata 1994, habayeho amagerageza y'ubwicanyi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu nka Kibirira, Bugesera, na Mutara. Ibi bikorwa byari bigamije kureba uko abaturage bitwara mu bwicanyi no gusuzuma niba amahanga azagira icyo akora. Kubera ko amahanga yacecetse kuri ayo magerageza, abateguraga Jenoside bahawe intege zo gukomeza umushinga wabo, kugeza igihe ihanurwa ry'indege ya Habyarimana ryakoreshejwe nk'imbarutso yo gutangiza itsembatsembanyi ryari ryarateguwe mu buryo bwose: mu mitekerereze, mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, no mu bikoresho.<ref>https://search.yahoo.com/search?fr=mcafee&type=E210US714G0&p=preparation+of+genocide+in+rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} rxd5vpteeyo5upuixgqclwor2g33tnb 138872 138867 2026-09-17T13:44:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 138872 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyamata Memorial Site 13 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Nyamata memorial site]] '''Itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi''' ryatangiye kera binyuze mu kubiba amacakubiri n’ivangura rishingiye ku moko. Guhera mu gihe cy’abakoroni no mu Repubulika ya mbere n'iya kabiri, Abatutsi batangiye kugaragazwa nk’abanyamahanga n’abanzi b’igihugu. Hashyizweho indangamuntu zanditsemo amoko kugira ngo bitwaze uburyo bwo kubatoteza, kubambura uburenganzira bwabo, no kubameneshea mu nzego z’uburezi n’umurimo, ibyo byose bikaba byari urufatiro rwo kumvisha abaturage ko Umututsi atari umunyarwanda nk'abandi. Mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1990, itegurwa ryahinduye isura rishyirwa mu bikorwa binyuze mu ikubitiro ry’itangazamakuru ry’urwango n’icengezamatwara mubisha. Hashyizweho radio RTLM n’ikinyamakuru Kangura byakwirakwizaga amagambo n’inyandiko bisebya Abatutsi, babita "[[Inyenzi]]" n’ibindi bikoresho by’itoteza. Inyandiko nka "Amategeko icumi y'Abahutu" yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushishikariza abaturage kwanga no guha akato [[Abatutsi]], bituma igice kimwe cy'[[Abaturage Ubuzima n’Imiturire|abaturage]] cyumva ko kwica undi ari inshingano yo kurinda igihugu. Hagati aho, ubutegetsi bwariho bwatangiye gushinga no gutoza gisirikare imitwe y’urubyiruko rw’Inkeragutabara ruzwi nka [[Interahamwe]] n’Impuzamugambi. Urwo rubyiruko rwahabwaga imyitozo yo kwica no gukoresha intwaro mu gihugu hose, ndetse runahabwa intwaro gakondo n’imbunda. Muri icyo gihe, inzego z’ubuyobozi bwite bwa Leta zakoze amalisiti y’Abatutsi n’abahutu batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi kugira ngo bazahite bicwa umunsi umushinga nyirizina watangiye. Mbere y’uko Jenoside nyirizina itangira muri Mata 1994, habayeho amagerageza y'ubwicanyi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu nka Kibirira, Bugesera, na Mutara. Ibi bikorwa byari bigamije kureba uko abaturage bitwara mu bwicanyi no gusuzuma niba amahanga azagira icyo akora. Kubera ko amahanga yacecetse kuri ayo magerageza, abateguraga Jenoside bahawe intege zo gukomeza umushinga wabo, kugeza igihe ihanurwa ry'indege ya Habyarimana ryakoreshejwe nk'imbarutso yo gutangiza itsembatsembanyi ryari ryarateguwe mu buryo bwose: mu mitekerereze, mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, no mu bikoresho.<ref>https://search.yahoo.com/search?fr=mcafee&type=E210US714G0&p=preparation+of+genocide+in+rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} dkfcnsiqyqbahkadxh7knmr8dlh6mas 0 22622 138894 136595 2026-09-17T21:09:38Z NSHUTIYIMANA Moise 17987 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 138894 wikitext text/x-wiki Taliki ya 9 Mata 1994, Ingabo z'Abafaransa zatereranye Abatutsi. Leta y'abicanyi yakomeje umugambi wayo mubisha wo gutsemba Abatutsi hirya no hino mu gihugu. Iyi nyandiko igaragaza hamwe mu hantu hashoboye kumenyekana hiciwe Abatutsi taliki ya 9 Mata 1994, Ingabo z'Abafaransa baje mu cyo bise Operation Amaryllis zatereranye Abatutsi mu maboko y'abicanyi.<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/bimwe-mu-byaranze-tariki-ya-09-mata-1994-muri-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi</ref> Taliki ya 9 Mata 1994, ni bwo icyo bise Operation Amaryllis yatangiye mu Rwanda kugera taliki 12 Mata. Igisobanuro cy'iyo operasiyo kwari ugucyura Abafaransa n'abanyamahanga bari mu Rwanda. Iyo Operasiyo yabaye igihe Abatutsi bicwaga cyane muri Kigali n'ahandi henshi mu gihugu, bicwa n'abasirikare n'interahamwe. Izo ngabo z'abafaransa zarebaga Abatutsi bicwaga nyamara ntibigeze babatabara, barabaretse baricwa bikomereza gucyura bene wabo.<ref name=":1">https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/bimwe-mu-byaranze-tariki-ya-09-mata-1994-muri-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi</ref> Abafaransa ntibashatse gutabara kugira ngo bahagarike ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga mu maso yabo, cyane cyane ku kibuga cy'indege cya Kanombe bahasize benshi babasigira interahamwe. Hari Abatutsi bari bashoboye kurira mu modoka z'Abasirikare b'Abafaransa zacyuraga abanyamahanga, ariko bagera kuri bariyeri bakabakuramo bakabicira imbere y'Ingabo z'Abafaransa. Imiryango yarimo abashakanye hagati y'Umufaransa n'Umunyarwanda barabatandukanije, abanza gutandukana barabasiga. Mu marira menshi abagore bashakanye n'Abanyarwanda basabye ko abo bashakanye n'abana babo, babatwara baranga. Abakozi ba ambasade y'u Bufaransa cyane cyane Abatutsi barasigaye, abenshi baricwa. Nyamara ambasade y'u Bufaransa yafunguriye imiryango yayo umuryango w'uwahoze ari perezida, abari mu mutwe w'abicanyi bashyizweho na Leta yariho, n'ibyegera bya Habyarimana Juvenal byari ku isonga ry'Akazu. Abatutsi bageragezaga kurira urukuta rwa ambasade y'u Bufaransa barakubitwaga bakabasubiza inyuma, interahamwe zirabica. Abakozi bo mu nzu yareraga imfubyi(Orphelinat Ste Agatha) yari iya Agathe Kanziga umugore wa Habyarimana Juvenal, barabatwaye, ariko u Bufaransa bwima ubuhungiro abana ba nyakwigendera Minisitiri w'Intebe Agathe Uwiringiyimana, wari umaze iminsi 2 yishwe n'abasirikare b'u Rwanda bayobowe na Majoro Bernard Ntuyahaga. Icyemezo cyo gucyura Abafaransa nticyafashwe indege ya Habyarimana ikimara guhanurwa cyangwa se iminsi 2 yakurikiyeho, icyo cyemezo cyafashwe n'Abanyepolitiki bashakaga guha ingufu ingabo z'u Rwanda zari ku rugamba. <ref name=":0" /> Uwo munsi, umuryango wa Hbyarimana n'abandi bahezanguni buriye indege z'Abafaransa bajyanwa i Bangui, bakomereza i Paris. Mu ntagondwa z'abajenosideri batwawe n'Ingabo z'Abafaransa harimo Felisiyani Kabuga wabaye umushoramari wa Jenoside na Ferdinard Nahimana wabaye umukangurambaga wa Jenoside. Bombi bari mu bashinze RTLM yakoreshejwe mu kwamamaza ikorwa rya Jenoside, ishyirwaho rya guverinoma y'abicanyi yari iyobowe na Kambanda. Mu gitondo cy'italiki ya 8 Mata, Bagosora yakoranyije abayobozi bagize Hutu-Power, kugira ngo bashyireho guverinoma, bose bavaga mu mashyaka y'abahezanguni. Ishyirwaho ry'iyo guverinoma ryabereye muri Ambasade y'Abafaransa. MRND yari ihagarariwe na Matayo Ngirumpatse,Edouard Karemera, visi perezida we na Joseph Nzirorera, umunyamabanga Mukuru, MDR ihagarariwe na Froduald Karamira, Donat Murego, PL ihagarariwe na Justin Mugenzi na Agnes Ntamabyariro, PSD yari ihagarariwe na Francois Ndungutse na Hyacinthe Nsengiyumva [[Rafiki]], PDC ihagarariwe na Jean- Marie Vianney Sibomana, Celestin Kabanda na Gaspard Ruhumuriza. MRND yashyizweho na Dr Theodore Sindikubwabo nka Perezida wa Repubulika, Bagosora nawe ashyiraho Jean Kambanda ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w'intebe.<ref name=":1" /> Iyo guverinoma yari ifite gahunda imwe gusa; gutanga umurongo w'uko Jenoside igomba gukorwa mu gihugu cyose, gutanga intwaro, gukangurira abaturage gukora Jenoside no kuyisobanurira mu mahanga. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi gatolika yitiriwe Mutagatifu Visenti wa Pallotti i [[Gikondo]] muri Kigali. Taliki ya 09 Mata 1994, interahamwe n'abasirikare barindaga Habyarimana, bishe Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri paruwasi gatulika yitiriwe Mutagatifu Visenti wa Pallotti i Gikondo bagera kuri 500. Kuri uwo munsi, Ingabo za Loni zaboneye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi biganjemo abana muri Kiliziya i Gikondo. Uwo munsi kandi ni nabwo abasirikare ba Leta batwitse Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu Mudugudu wa Nyakabanda II munsi ya Hoteli BAOBAB. Ikinyamakuru cy'Abafaransa Liberation ni cyo cya mbere cyise ubwo bwicanyi Jenoside, mu nyandiko yanditswe n'umunyamakuru Philippe Ceppi wari mu Rwanda mu gihe cya Jenoside. Abatutsi bakomeje kwicwa ahantu hanyuranye mu gihugu; muri Kibungo, Kigali, Ruhengeri, na Kibuye. Kuri uwo munsi kandi Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku misozi ya Murama, Murundi, Mwiri, Nyamirama, na Kabare mu Karere ka Kayonza, kimwe n'abari bahungiye kuri paruwasi gatolika ya Kabuye mu Murenge wa Jabana mu Karere ka Gasabo barishwe.<ref name=":2">[https://umuseke.rw/tariki-ya-09-mata-1994-umunsi-ingabo-zubufaransa-zitererana-abatutsi/#:~:text=Tariki%20ya%2009%20Mata%201994%2C,i%20Gikondo%20bagera%20kuri%20500. https://umuseke.rw/tariki-ya-09-mata-1994-umunsi-ingabo-zubufaransa-zitererana-abatutsi/#:~:text=Tariki%20ya%2009%20Mata%201994%2C,i%20Gikondo%20bagera%20kuri%20500.]</ref> Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri Segiteri Nyagatare I mu Karere ka Nyagatare ndetse n'abari bahungiye kuri paruwasi ya Zaza muri Kibungo aho guhera taliki 09 Mata ubwo bwicanyi bwarakomeje, ababarirwa hagati ya 500 na 800 bishwe. Guhera taliki ya 09 Mata, Interahamwe zatangiye kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye i Kiramuruzi mu Karere ka Gatsibo, hamwe n'abari bahungiye ku musozi wa Nyamagumba muri Komine Mabanza muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Mu minsi yakurikiyeho hishwe Abatutsi barenga 12000. Kuri uwo munsi na none, hishwe Abatutsi bari bahungiye i Nybikenke, ku biro byahoze ari iby'Umurenge wa Karama muri Bumbogo ndetse n'ahandi hantu hatandukanye harimo i Cyabingo muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, muri centre y'ubucuruzi ya Karama no mu Mataba mu Karere ka Gakenke, ku rusengero rw'Ababatisita rwa Rusiza muri Kabumba, Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, muri Kiliziya ya Nyundo no mu nkengero zayo, ndetse no muri Maternite ya Nyundo muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, ubu ni mu Karere ka [[Rubavu]]. Ahitwa mu Kivuruga muri Komini Cyabingo hari huzuye abasirikare batangiraga Abatutsi bageragezaga guhunga. Uretse aho kuri bariyeri, Abatutsi biciwe i Cyabingo na Busengo. Interahamwe zabishe zazaga kuri kaburimbo ahitwa kuri Mukinga zifite ibiganza by'abo zamaze kwica; zigakomereza i Rwaza mu yari Komini Ruhondo kwica abandi Batutsi.<ref>[https://my250tv.com/2025/04/09/kwibuka31-guhungisha-kabuga-operation-amaryllisibyaranze-tariki-ya-9-mata-1994/#:~:text=Tariki%20ya%209%20Mata%2C%20nibwo,Abafaransa%20n'abanyamahanga%20bari%20mu%20Rwanda. https://my250tv.com/2025/04/09/kwibuka31-guhungisha-kabuga-operation-amaryllisibyaranze-tariki-ya-9-mata-1994/#:~:text=Tariki%20ya%209%20Mata%2C%20nibwo,Abafaransa%20n'abanyamahanga%20bari%20mu%20Rwanda.]</ref> Umusozo; Ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi bwarakomeje hirya no hino mu gihugu, bukorwa kimwe, ni ukuvuga ko uwitwa Umututsi wese yishwe, abenshi bishwe bahunga. Kuri iyi taliki abenshi biciwe mu nsengero na za kiliziya, kuko abantu bibeshyaga ko bashobora kuharokokera.<ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro; == dzjc7h1ap4slp7rzf87j9avxbmuil2o 0 22678 138650 131617 2026-09-17T12:12:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138650 wikitext text/x-wiki Umushongoro ni imboga cyangwa ibibabi by'ibishimbo birirya.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c20g3knxz04o</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] cinsik1f0m0dj8hwl64i43jhdiizsrs 0 22689 138582 131629 2026-09-17T12:03:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138582 wikitext text/x-wiki Urukiramende rugira uduti dutatu, udushingwa tubiri n’umutambiko wa gatatu. Abakina uyu [[Umukino|mukino]] bagenda basimbuka maze ugushije umutambiko w’urukiramende bakavuga ko arunereye. Abo basimbuka bahora bunguruza bazamura hejuru bagahagararira aho rubananiriye. Uyu [[Umukino|mukino]] wakundwaga cyane n’urubyiruko kuko wabashimishaga kandi ukerekana ko koko bafite ingufu.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c5y482j3qmmo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] ink8nbqywkf22v5702o1lnwpxklx8sq 0 22710 138665 131650 2026-09-17T12:15:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138665 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiziriko ni umugozi wari umwe wakoreshwaga mu guhambira ibintu.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/dore-imwe-mu-mikino-gakondo-yafasha-abana-muri-ibi-bihe-by-ibiruhuko</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] j98ep7c2yztibwpkrlbyjl5bl1pth14 0 22728 138599 131668 2026-09-17T12:05:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138599 wikitext text/x-wiki Gutera injuguto ni umwe mu mikino y'abana.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] jkxwe66bzwc1wt9t27l2u1khffd5t67 0 22732 138695 131673 2026-09-17T12:23:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138695 wikitext text/x-wiki Kwihishana ni umwe mu mikino y'abana bakinaga.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 8uz7klc6rrrbq43mr27weklhumhoabc 0 22739 138623 131680 2026-09-17T12:08:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138623 wikitext text/x-wiki Gusiganwa ku maguru ni umukino wo kwiruka ku maguru.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] qm7dm6tmvhseobmedy8t5m5nx6zaulf 0 22745 138651 131686 2026-09-17T12:12:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138651 wikitext text/x-wiki Kwiyakana ni umukino wa banyarwanda bo hambere .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/article/umwihariko-w-imikino-gakondo-y-abanyarwanda-yo-hambere-n-uko-yazahuka-video</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] tnn6ieeuhzhwwld9qtp7e6eknwodbu5 0 22771 138624 131715 2026-09-17T12:08:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138624 wikitext text/x-wiki Gusaba no gufata irembo ni umuhango wakurikiraga kurambagiza, ukabera iwabo w’umukobwa. Uyu muhango wari ugamije guhuza umuryango w’umusore ku nshuro ya mbere n’umuryango w’umukobwa mu rwego rwo kumenyana mbere y’uko baziyemeza guhana abageni. Imisango yo gusaba no gufata irembo akenshi irihuta kuko ubusanzwe mu kinyarwanda ntawimana Iyo umuryango w’umusore wemerewe irembo, hakurikiraho umuhango wo kurifata.<ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cy0p6g6n3ydo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] 9t35lb0uggt6501adgxvvwpdmufb8tw 0 22779 138713 131723 2026-09-17T12:25:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138713 wikitext text/x-wiki Ibibazo bigaragara mu bukwe muri iki gihe, ahanini biterwa n’uko umuryango utagiha agaciro umuco n’intego nyamukuru y’ubukwe. Ibi bituma umusore, inkumi n’imiryango bakomokamo muri rusange bavanga ibyo umuco w’u Rwanda ugena n’ibiva mu mahanga mu mihango y’ubukwe. <ref>https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/RCHA/Publications/Published_Books/UMURAGE_NOMERO_YA_KANE__ONLINE.pdf</ref> Umuco urakura, uratanga kandi ukakira. Ariko mu mihango ndangamuco nk’iy’ubukwe haba hakwiriye guhabwa agaciro indangagaciro zawo kubera akamaro kazo mu kubaka no gushimangira uwo muhango n’icyo ugamije mu kubaka umuryango nyarwanda. Kugira ngo ibi bikemuke, ni ngombwa ko buri wese abigiramo uruhare, akamenya indangagaciro dusanga mu mihango y’ubukwe zadufasha kubaka umuryango uhamye kandi ukomeye.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cg4kl4r4p9do</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika yacu]] hv646sr2kvv4pvigo6rt1uso7wcapqd 0 22884 138743 136808 2026-09-17T12:33:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138743 wikitext text/x-wiki Iyi ngingo ivuga ku buryo bwo '''gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu gihugu cya Lesotho.''' Nk'igihugu kidakora ku nyanja , [[Lesoto|Lesotho]] nta Cyambu cyangwa icyambu ifite, ariko ifite imihanda, ubwikorezi bw'indege, ndetse n'ibikorwaremezo bike bya gari ya moshi. == Imihanda == [[Dosiye:Seeing_the_land.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa A3 ugana katse.]] Mbere y'uko Lesotho ibona ubwigenge mu 1966, umuhanda wa kaburimbo wari umwe rukumbi muri icyo gihugu. Uwo muhanda witwaga Kingsway, ukaba warabarizwaga mu murwa mukuru, Maseru, uhuza ikibuga cy'indege cya Mejametalana n'Ingoro y'Umwami. Kuva mu ntangiriro za 1970, ibikorwa remezo by'imihanda byatejwe imbere cyane. <ref name="EIU">{{Cite journal |last=The Economist Intelligence Unit |date=20 February 2004 |title=Lesotho: Transport and communications |journal=Country Analysis sample report}}</ref> Mu 1999, Lesotho yari ifite imihanda ifite uburebure bwa {{Convert|5940|km|mi}} mu burebure, muri bwo hakaba {{Convert|1087|km|mi}} zashyizwemo kaburimbo. <ref name="factbook">{{Cite web |last=CIA |title=CIA – The World Factbook – Lesotho |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063843/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref> Hashyizweho imbaraga nyinshi mu guhuza uturere dutandukanye tw'igihugu. Byongeye kandi, imihanda yo hagati muri Lesotho nayo yaravuguruwe, ibi bikaba byari igice cy'ibikenewe mu bwubatsi bw'umushinga w'amazi wa Lesotho Highlands Water Project. <ref name="EIU" /> == Gari ya moshi == Umuhanda wa gari ya mosh wonyine muri Lesotho ni ishami rya maseru, rihuza [[umurwa]] mukuru maseru n'umurongo wa bloemfontein - Bethlehem ,Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza na Afurika y'Epfo. Muri uyu muhanda, kilometero 1.6 (ibirometero 1.0) byafunguwe ku ya 18 Ukuboza 1905, biherereye mu mbibi za Lesotho. Uhera ku kiraro cy'umupaka kiri ku ruzi rwa Mohokare, ukanyura mu gice cy'inganda cyo mu majyaruguru ya Maseru, ukagera kuri sitasiyo y'uwo mujyi. Iyi sitasiyo ni yo yonyine ya gari ya moshi iri muri icyo gihugu. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Boonzaaier |first=J.N.C |year=2008 |title=Tracks Across the Veld |isbn=978-0-620-41711-2 |page=245}}</ref> Guhera mu 2008, habayeho ibiganiro byo kubaka gari ya moshi nshya ihuza Lesotho na Durban na Port Elizabeth . == Ubwikorezi bw'indege == Muri Lesoto hari ibibuga by'indege 28, muri byo 3 bifite inzira zo kunyuramo za kaburimbo. <ref name="factbook">{{Cite web |last=CIA |title=CIA – The World Factbook – Lesotho |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063843/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=21 April 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCIA">CIA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063843/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho "CIA – The World Factbook – Lesotho"]. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ the original] on 9 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cyonyine ni ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Moshoeshoe I kiri i Mazenod, Ikibuga cy'indege cya Moshoeshoe giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Maseru. Mu bibuga by'indege byo muri iki gihugu, iki kibuga ni cyo cyonyine gifite inzira ndende irenga metero 1,523, kuko inzira yacyo nyamukuru ifite uburebure bwa metero 3,200 Mu bindi bibuga by'indege byo muri iki gihugu, kimwe gifite inzira y'indege yashyizwemo kaburimbo ifite uburebure buri hagati ya metero 914 na 1,523. Ikindi kibuga gifite inzira y'indege nayo yashyizwemo kaburimbo, ariko ifite uburebure buri munsi ya metero 914.Hari kandi ibibuga by'indege bine bifite inzira z'indege zidafite kaburimbo, zifite uburebure buri hagati ya metero 914 na 1,523. Ibindi bibuga by'indege bifite inzira zidafite kaburimbo zifite uburebure buri munsi ya metero 914. <ref name="factbook">{{Cite web |last=CIA |title=CIA – The World Factbook – Lesotho |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063843/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=21 April 2008}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCIA">CIA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063843/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho "CIA – The World Factbook – Lesotho"]. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ the original] on 9 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> ibyiciro byose bigenwa hakurikijwe uburebure bw'inzira ndende cyane ku kibuga cy'indege. == Ubwikoreze bwo mu mazi == Lesotho ni gihugu cyi misozi miremire kandi idafite inzira kandi ishingiye cyane kuri Afurika y'Epfo mu gutwara abantu mu mazi. Icyambu kinini cya hafi n'aho ubwato bujyanwa ni Durban . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kishor Uprety |year=2005 |title=Transit Regime for Landlocked States : International Law and Development Perspectives |url=https://archive.org/details/transitregimefor0000upre |publisher=The World Bank |isbn=0-8213-6299-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/transitregimefor0000upre/page/9 9]}}</ref> Vuba aha kubera gutinda kuva Durban, amasosiyete menshi yagiye akoresha ibikoresho bya Port Elizabeth biri mu majyepfo amasaha abiri. Ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi imbere mu gihugu bugarukira ku bwato buto butwara ubwato aho imigezi yambukira , kandi Guverinoma ya Lesotho ikoresha ubwato aho imigezi minini yambukira. == Uburyo busanze bwo gutwara abantu == [[Dosiye:Making_the_cattle_work.jpg|thumb|Ubucuruzi bw'inka muri Lesotho]] uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gutwara abantu (IMTs) bukoreshwa ni amapine y'imodoka n'amatungo y'akazi. Amapine y'imodoka akoreshwa cyane mu mijyi no mu byaro kandi akoreshwa cyane n'abagore n'abagabo mu gutwara ibiribwa, ibinyampeke byo gusya, amasanduku y'amazi, n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Akamaro k'amapine y'imodoka yo gufata amazi kagenda kagabanuka buhoro buhoro bitewe no gutanga robine z'amazi. Ikindi gikunze kugaragara mu turere two mu misozi miremire no mu bibaya ni amapine y'imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa "scotch cards" afite amapine abiri. Yakururwaga cyane cyane n'inka, ariko mu myaka ya vuba aha hakomeje kwiyongera ingeso yo gukoresha inka (inka z'abagore), kuko abahinzi bakunze kudatunga inka.Amapine y'imodoka akorwa mu buryo butandukanye. Amwe muri yo akorwa hakoreshejwe ibice by'amapine bishaje, andi akaba akorwa hakoreshejwe insinga zishaje. Menshi muri aya mapine akorwa n'amaduka mato muri Lesotho cyangwa Afurika y'Epfo. Ikindi kigaragara ni uko inyinshi muri zo zishushanyijeho irangi ritukura.Ibiganiro n'abakora aya mapine bigaragaza ko ikibazo nyamukuru bahura nacyo ari ukubona amapine n'insinga zikwiye, kimwe n'ibindi bikoresho fatizo, ku giciro abakiriya babo bashobora kwishyura. [[Dosiye:Basotho_blanket_lesotho.jpg|thumb|Kugendera ku ifarashi.]] Amafarashi ya Basotho ni ingenzi cyane mu misozi miremire mu gutwara abantu. Hari igihe amafarashi akoreshwa nk'inyamaswa zo gutwara imizigo, ariko ibi ntibikunze kubaho. Ku rundi ruhande, indogobe zikoreshwa cyane nk'inyamaswa zo gutwara imizigo mu bice byose by'akarere. Amafarashi akunze kugendeshwa n'abasore, cyane cyane abatari basanzwe kandi akenshi nta ntebe. Ni ibisanzwe ko [[Umugore|abagore]] bagendera ku mafarashi, ariko abagore bake bagendera ku mafarashi. Hari abantu bake, cyane cyane abagabo bakuze, bagenda ku mafarashi afite intebe. Inyumbu ntizikunze kubaho, kandi zishobora gukoreshwa mu gutwara abantu cyangwa gutwara imizigo. Gukoresha amafarashi, inyumbu n'indogobe mu gutwara imizigo ni bike cyane. Amafarashi make cyane akurura indogobe cyangwa amagare y'amafarasi, nubwo ayo mafarashi akunze kugaragara cyane mu bindi bihugu byo mu majyepfo, iburasirazuba, iburengerazuba no mu majyaruguru ya Afurika. Nibura mu mijyi ibiri (Maputsoe na Mafeteng) umubare muto w'abacuruzi bakoresha amagare cyangwa amagare afite amapine y'umwuka akururwa ahanini n'amafarashi amwe (kandi rimwe na rimwe n'indogobe ebyiri cyangwa inyumbu imwe). Muri Mafeteng, abatwara abagenzi bakoresha amagare y'amapine abiri, mu gihe muri Maputsoe, abatwara abagenzi bakoresha amagare y'amapine ane. Umubara w'amagare na moto zikoreshwa ni muto cyane. ubwinshi bw'amapikipiki kuri buri muntu muri Lesotho, ndetse n'amagare, bushobora kuba buri mu bantu bake cyane ku isi. Umubare muto w'abantu bakoresha amagare akenshi ni abana n'abasore, cyane cyane mu kwidagadura nubwo bamwe bayakoresha mu ngendo hagati y'imidugudu. hari abantu bake bakoresha amagare mu mikino, kandi bamwe muri Afurika y'Epfo n'abandi bakerarugendo banyura mu misozi miremire ku magare. hari umubare muto w'abacuruzi bakoresha amagare kugira ngo babone imibereho. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} kr55ufln0z2osrnzv17xkppngvxlqcy 0 22885 138753 137037 2026-09-17T12:34:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugomero rwa Água Vermelha''' ni urugomero rw'amazi ruri ku Ruzi rwa Grande hafi ya Iturama muri Minas Gerais / São Paulo, muri Breziligukora ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kurwanya umwuzure . kubaka Urwo rugomero byatangiye mu 1973 kandi byarangiye no gukoreshwa mu 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dam Vermelha Aqua |url=http://www.myetymology.com/encyclopedia/Dam_Vermelha_Water.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714142954/http://www.myetymology.com/encyclopedia/Dam_Vermelha_Water.html |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=Speedy Look |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Imashini ziheruka zitanga moteri zatangiye gukora mu 1979. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydroelectric Plants in Brazil - Sao Paulo |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-brazil-sp.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208171633/http://www.industcards.com/hydro-brazil-sp.htm |archive-date=December 8, 2012 |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=Indust Cards}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro == Urugomero rufite uburebure bwa {{Convert|3940|m}} uburebure na {{Convert|67|m}} urugomero rurerure rufite sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya sima n'igice cy'inzira yo gusuka amazi . Ingano ya sima iri mu nyubako y'urugomero ni {{Convert|1500000|m3}} . umuyoboro w'amazi y'urugomero urimo inzira umunani z'amazi, buri imwe ifite ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi bwa {{Convert|2481|m3/s}} ku giteranyo {{Convert|19848|m3/s}}. Ikigega cy'urugomero gifite ubushobozi bwa {{Convert|11.025|km3|acre.ft}},muri zo {{Convert|11|km3|acre.ft}} ni ububiko bw'ibinyabuzima (bukora cyangwa "bw'ingirakamaro"). Ubuso bw'ikigega ni {{Convert|647|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} Kandi urwego ntarengwa wayo hejuru y'inyanja ni {{Convert|383.3|m|ft|abbr=on}} kandi nibura ni {{Convert|373.3|m}} . Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi y'urugomero ifite umutwe w'amashanyarazi wa {{Convert|57|m}} kandi ikubiyemo esheshatu {{Convert|232.7|MW|abbr=on}}moteri zikoreshwa na turbine za Francis zifite ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo {{Convert|1,396.2|MW}}. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aqua Vermelha |url=http://www.aestiete.com.br/usinas/agua/ |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=AES Tiete}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary Information Dam Power Plant Agua Vermelha - SP |url=http://www.transportes.gov.br/bit/barragens/avermelha.htm |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=Brazil Ministry of Transportation}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] 5c7coiwb54y74cdg60xqgq7z2ye94oz 0 22886 138754 137038 2026-09-17T12:34:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138754 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ikiyaga cya Ansoo ni kiyaga''' giherereye mu kibaya cya Kaghan cya Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Byasobunuwe nka '''Teardrop Lake'''. Nk'uko izina ryacyo ribigaragaza, ni amazi asa n'amarira aherereye mu Karere ka Mansehra muri [[Pakisitani]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ansoo Lake - A tear-shaped lake in Pakistan |url=http://kgda.gkp.pk/product/ansoo-lake/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013052355/http://kgda.gkp.pk/product/ansoo-lake/ |archive-date=13 October 2019 |access-date=13 October 2019 |website=kgda.gkp.pk |publisher=Kaghan Development Authority}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 March 2018 |title=15.Ansoo Lake |url=https://arynews.tv/15-beautiful-lakes-pakistan/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |work=[[ARY News]]}}</ref> Ku butumburuke bwa 4126 m hejuru y'inyanja, Ikiyaga cya Ansoo gihagaze nk'imwe mu biyaga birebire cyane mu misozi ya himalaya . Giherereye hafi ya Malika Parbat, umusozi muremure mu kibaya cya Kaghan. == Amateka == Ikiyaga cya Ansoo cyaaguye mu kaga mu 1993 n'abapilote b'ingabo Zirwanira mu kirere za pakisitani bagurukaga ku butumburuke buri hasi cyane muri ako karere. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2020 |title=The unexplored Ansoo Lake of Kaghan valley |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1574444 |access-date=5 May 2024 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> Ubukerarugendo bukomeje kwiyongera bwabangamiye inzira igana ku kiyaga Ubukerarugendo bukomeje kwiyongera bwabangamiye inzira igana ku kiyaga n'ibidukikije karemano, bigaragaza ko gifite ibidukikije bitoroshye. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Nisar Ahmad |date=22 March 2020 |title=Kaghan valley's ecology vulnerable |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1542753 |access-date=5 May 2024 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} t5h269oelf7yrbw9ma9sn72xk3b9cl0 0 22976 138583 132844 2026-09-17T12:04:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138583 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Kabuye <ref name=":0">https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kabuye-isoko-ryisuku-nisukura-no-gucunga-umutekano</ref>ni ikigo nderabuzima giherereye mu [[Rwanda]], mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali.]] Iki kigo gitanga serivisi z’ubuzima bw’ibanze ku baturage bo mu gace giherereyemo n’inkengero zacyo, kikaba ari kimwe mu bigo Nderabuzima bifasha mu kongera uburyo bwo kubona ubuvuzi hafi y’abaturage. === Ahantu giherereye<ref name=":0" /> === [[Ikigo nderabuzima cya Gikondo|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] cya Kabuye giherereye mu Karere ka [[GASABO DISTRICT|Gasabo]] mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali Convention Centre|Kigal]]<nowiki/>i, mu gace kazwi nka Kabuye. Aha ni ahantu hatuwe n’abaturage benshi, bigatuma serivisi z’ubuzima zitangwa n’iki kigo ziba ingenzi cyane. ==== Serivisi zihatangirwa ==== Iki kigo nderabuzima gitanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi bw’ibanze zirimo: * Kuvura indwara zisanzwe nk’[[ibicurane]], [[malariya]] n’izindi ndwara zoroheje * Gukurikirana abagore batwite (serivisi zita ku buzima bw’[[Umubyeyi n'umwana|umubyeyi]]) * Gukingira abana hakurikijwe gahunda y’igihugu yo gukingira * Serivisi z’ubuzima bw’[[abana]] no kugenzura imikurire yabo * Inama z’[[ubuzima]] n’ubujyanama ku ndwara zitandukanye * Kohereza abarwayi ku [[Ibitaro bya Masaka|bitaro]] bikuru igihe basaba [[Ubuvuzi rusange|ubuvuzi]] burenze ubushobozi bw’ikigo. ===== Uruhare mu buzima rusange<ref name=":1">[https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/bampambye-ndi-muzima-ubuhamya-bwa-mukashema-warokokeye-ku-kigo-nderabuzima-cya-kabuye Bampambye ndi muzima: Ubuhamya bwa Mukashema warokokeye ku kigo nderabuzima cya Kabuye - Kigali Today]</ref> ===== [[Ikigo nderabuzima|Ikigo Nderabuzima]] <ref>https://m.imvahonshya.co.rw/ikigo-nderabuzima-cya-kabuye-isoko-ryisuku-nisukura-no-gucunga-umutekano</ref>cya Kabuye gifite uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ubuzima rusange bw’abaturage. Kiba hafi y’abaturage, kikabafasha kubona ubuvuzi bw’ibanze vuba, bityo kikagabanya umubare w’abajya mu bitaro bikuru ku ndwara zoroheje. ====== Imiyoborere n’imikoranire ====== Nk’ibindi bigo nderabuzima byo mu [[Rwanda]], gikorana n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima ([[RBC]]) ndetse n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze mu kunoza serivisi z’[[Ubuzima Bwo mumutwe mugihe cya c0vid 19|ubuzima]] no guteza imbere gahunda z’ubukangurambaga ku buzima<ref name=":1" />. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} dz15ime204fixl2jetomtpgkayw89h7 0 22980 138625 132872 2026-09-17T12:08:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138625 wikitext text/x-wiki Ikivovo ni igihunda cyangwa ikirere cyo ku insina.<ref>https://igihe.com/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] a105x9e8hwf78h90vqvlnnw7fscwct6 0 23022 138755 136888 2026-09-17T12:34:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138755 wikitext text/x-wiki Udushya mu gikombe cy'isi cya 2026 dukomeje kwiyongera uko iki gikombe kigenda kigera ku mpera , nibwo bwa mbere kuva urutonde rwa FIFA (FIFA World Rankings) rwatangira mu 1992, amakipe ane ya mbere ku rutonde rwa FIFA yose yageze muri kimwe cya kabiri cy'irangiza .<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/cqlexn52489o</ref> == Amakipe ane yageze muri kimqwe cya kabiri kirangiza ni<ref>https://kglnews.com/urutonde-ngaruka-kwezi-rwa-fifa-rwamakipe-yibihugu-u-rwanda-ntirwatirimutse-menya-uko-ruhagaze-kwisi-hose-argentina-portugal-france-brezil-senegal/</ref> == # Igihugu cy' Argentine # Igihugu cy' Ubufaransa # Igihugu cy' Esupanye(spain) # Igihugu cy' Ubwongereza == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ql66pdrhk1mkslf02v47w1eibjliafp 0 23023 138744 136812 2026-09-17T12:33:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138744 wikitext text/x-wiki Shampiyona y'ikiciro cya mbere mu rwanda yahinduriwe izina ikitwa BK Pro League yatanze ibihembo k'ubakinnyi n' abatoza bitwaye neza mu mwaka w'imikino wa 2026.<ref name=":0">https://umunota.com/live_updates/bk-pro-league-awards-2026-gutanga-ibihembo-ku-bakinnyi-nabatoza-bitwaye-neza-muri-bk-pro-league-2025-26/</ref> == Abatwaye ibihembo by' abitwaye neza == === 1.Umukinnyi w'umwaka (Best player of the season): === Jean Cloude Girumugisha umukinnyi ukomoka mu gihugu cy' u Burundi ukinira ikipe ya Al Hilal sc yo mugihugu cya sudani. Aho yahembwe imodoka ifite agaciro ka miriyoni 15 z' amanyarwanda .<ref name=":0" /> === 2. Umukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi ( Top scorer): === Cheick Outtara Djibril umukinnyi ukomoka mu gihugu cya Uganda ukinira ikipe ya APR aho yatsinze ibitego 18.<ref name=":0" /> === 3. Umutoza w' umwaka (Coach of the Year): === Umutoza Laurentio <mark>'''Aurelian Reghecampf'''</mark> wa Al Hilal sc<ref name=":1">https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/girumugisha-yabaye-umukinnyi-w-umwaka-muri-shampiyona-y-u-rwanda-ahembwa</ref> === 4.Umunyezamu w' umwaka( Best Goalkeeper): === === <mark>'''jamesBienvenue Desire Djayoyang'''</mark> ukinira kiyovu sports. === == Ikipe y'umwaka muri BK Pro League<ref name=":1" /> == UMUNYEZAMU: James desire( Kiyovu Sports) BA MYUGARIRO: Jean Gilbert Byiringiro(APR FC), Ernest Ruzoro(Al Hilal sc), Mustapha Mohamed(Al Hila sc), Mustapha Mohamed (Al Hilal sc), Daba Sogoba(Al Merrikh sc)<ref name=":1" /> ABAKINA HAGATI: El Hadji Madick Kane(Al Hilal sc), Joseph Sackey(Mukura Vs), Jules Razafimaro(Al Merrikh sc)<ref name=":2">https://umuseke.rw/al-hilal-yihariye-ibihembo-mu-byatanzwe-na-bk-pro-league/</ref> BA RUTAHIZAMU: Jean Cloude Girumugisha(Al Hilal sc), Mbonyumwami Taiba(Marine Fc), Djibril Outtara(APR FC) <ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 49mo0rq2gpt9mfb0fj23umw42znl3mx 0 23042 138756 136961 2026-09-17T12:35:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ongeraho {{Reflist}} kugira ngo imyandiko y'inyongera igaragare; guhindura umutwe w'Amashakiro uve kuri === ujye kuri == 138756 wikitext text/x-wiki == CECAFA Kagame Cup == CECAFA KAGAME CUP ni irushanwa rihuza amakipe akomeye uo muri Afurika y'iburasirazuba no hagati (CECAFA ZONE). Mu 2026 ryabereye i Kigali, Rwanda kuva ku wa 24 Nyakanga kugeza ku wa 7 Kanama 2026 , ikaba ari imikino yakiniwe ku bibuga aribyo Amahoro stadium na Kigali Pele stadium.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/football/article/rayon-sports-yongeye-gutwara-cecafa-kagame-cup-nyuma-y-imyaka-28-amafoto</ref> Iri rushanwa ryitabiriwe n'amakipe 12 yaragabanyije mu matsinda atatu(3)<ref name=":0">https://cecafaonline.com/nshimiyimana-scoops-best-player-award-in-cecafa-kagame-cup/</ref> ==== Itsinda 1 ==== * APR FC(Rwanda) * Vipers SC(Uganda) * Gor Mahia FC( kenya) * Garde Republicaine(Djibout) ==== Itsinda 2 ==== * Singida Black Stars(Tanzania) * Simba SC(Tanzania) * Jamus SC(Sudani y'Epfo) * Mogadishu city club(Somalia) ==== Itsinda 3 ==== * Al Hilal(Sudan) * Rayon Sports(Rwanda) * Tusker FC(Kenya) * KVZ FC(Zanzibal) Rayon Sport yaherukaga kugitwara mu 1988, yongeye kugitwara hashize imyaka 28 itsinze Gor Mahia yashakaag icya Kane ibitego 2 kuri 1. <ref name=":1">https://citizen.digital/article/rayon-sports-sink-gor-mahia-in-extra-time-to-lift-cecafa-kagame-cup-n387926</ref> == Udushya twabaye muri CECAFA KAGAME CUP 2026<ref name=":0" /> == Iri rushanwa ryatangiye ikipe ya APR Fc ikubitwa ibitego 5 na Gor Mahia mu mukino wafunguye irir rushanwa. Jamus Fc ikipe yaje ititezweho byinshi yabaye imwe mu makipe yatangaje abantu cyane kubera ukuntu yitwaye neza bikaza no kuyiha amahirwe yo gukina imikino ya kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza.<ref name=":1" /> Bimwe kubyo wamenya ku bakinnyi bahize abandi , Emmanuel Nshimiyimana kapiteni wa Rayon Sport yahawe igihembo cya Best Player of CECAFA Kagame cup 2026 kubera uruhare rukomeye yagize mu gufasha Rayons Sport kwegukan igikombe ndetse ikipe ya Al Hilar yatwaye umwanya wa 3 itsinze Jamus FC<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} tcdjujcsr2okdpchyw66kgijg5anzma 0 23102 138779 2026-09-17T12:39:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Lomé | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Irimbi | label2 = Ryashinzwe | data2 = 1893 | label3 = Igihugu | data3 = [[Togo]] | label4 = Intara | data4 = Région maritime | label5 = Umujyi | data5 = Lomé }} '''Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Lomé''' ni irimbi rya kera riri i Lomé muri [[Togo]]. Ni kimwe mu bisigazwa by'amateka y'ubukoloni bw'Abadage muri Togo. Ririmo imva z'abamisiyoneri, abacuruzi, abayobozi b'ubutegetsi bw'Abadage n..." 138779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Lomé | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Irimbi | label2 = Ryashinzwe | data2 = 1893 | label3 = Igihugu | data3 = [[Togo]] | label4 = Intara | data4 = Région maritime | label5 = Umujyi | data5 = Lomé }} '''Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Lomé''' ni irimbi rya kera riri i Lomé muri [[Togo]]. Ni kimwe mu bisigazwa by'amateka y'ubukoloni bw'Abadage muri Togo. Ririmo imva z'abamisiyoneri, abacuruzi, abayobozi b'ubutegetsi bw'Abadage ndetse n'Abanyatogo. == Amateka == Irimbi ryashinzwe mu 1893. Imva ya kera cyane ihari ni iy'umuntu wapfuye mu 1889, umurambo we ukaza kwimurirwa muri iri rimbi nyuma.<ref name="Goethe">{{Cite web |url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/tg/fr/kul/sup/dsi/lom/20808959.html |title=Le cimetière allemand de Lomé |website=Goethe-Institut Togo |date=2014-11-04 |access-date=2026-09-17 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu 1902, guverineri w'Abadage August Köhler yategetse ko abakozi b'ubutegetsi bw'Abadage bapfiraga muri Togo bashyingurwa muri icyo gihugu aho koherezwa mu Budage. Köhler na we yapfuye nyuma y'amezi make maze ashyingurwa muri iri rimbi.<ref name="Goethe" /><ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cvg345v1xgeo |title=Ces 10 vestiges qui continuent de raconter l'histoire coloniale du Togo |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2026-03-24 |access-date=2026-09-17 |language=fr }}</ref> Irimbi ririmo imva zirenga mirongo ine zo mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abadage. Mu bantu bahashyinguwe harimo abamisiyoneri, abacuruzi n'abakozi b'ubutegetsi. Nyuma y'ubutegetsi bw'Abadage, Abanyatogo barimo abapasiteri Andreas Aku na Robert Baeta na bo bahashyinguwe.<ref name="Goethe" /> == Aho riherereye == Irimbi riherereye hafi y'inyanja i Lomé, ku muhanda wa Tokmake wahoze witwa ''Bremer Straße'' mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abadage. Rikikijwe n'urukuta kandi irembo rikuru rireba mu cyerekezo cy'inyanja.<ref name="Goethe" /> Irimbi riri mu bisigazwa by'amateka y'ubukoloni bw'Abadage muri Togo byashyizwe mu bikorwa byo kumenyekanisha umurage w'amateka na Goethe-Institut.<ref name="Goethe" /><ref name="BBC" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Togo]] [[Category:Amarimbi]] [[Category:Amateka ya Togo] 1yl5izgppaykdwkxbzfv8053stfrcmu 138780 138779 2026-09-17T12:40:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 138780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Lomé | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Irimbi | label2 = Ryashinzwe | data2 = 1893 | label3 = Igihugu | data3 = [[Togo]] | label4 = Intara | data4 = Région maritime | label5 = Umujyi | data5 = Lomé }} '''Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Lomé''' ni irimbi rya kera riri i Lomé muri [[Togo]]. Ni kimwe mu bisigazwa by'amateka y'ubukoloni bw'Abadage muri Togo. Ririmo imva z'abamisiyoneri, abacuruzi, abayobozi b'ubutegetsi bw'Abadage ndetse n'Abanyatogo. == Amateka == Irimbi ryashinzwe mu 1893. Imva ya kera cyane ihari ni iy'umuntu wapfuye mu 1889, umurambo we ukaza kwimurirwa muri iri rimbi nyuma.<ref name="Goethe">{{Cite web |url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/tg/fr/kul/sup/dsi/lom/20808959.html |title=Le cimetière allemand de Lomé |website=Goethe-Institut Togo |date=2014-11-04 |access-date=2026-09-17 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu 1902, guverineri w'Abadage August Köhler yategetse ko abakozi b'ubutegetsi bw'Abadage bapfiraga muri Togo bashyingurwa muri icyo gihugu aho koherezwa mu Budage. Köhler na we yapfuye nyuma y'amezi make maze ashyingurwa muri iri rimbi.<ref name="Goethe" /><ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cvg345v1xgeo |title=Ces 10 vestiges qui continuent de raconter l'histoire coloniale du Togo |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2026-03-24 |access-date=2026-09-17 |language=fr }}</ref> Irimbi ririmo imva zirenga mirongo ine zo mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abadage. Mu bantu bahashyinguwe harimo abamisiyoneri, abacuruzi n'abakozi b'ubutegetsi. Nyuma y'ubutegetsi bw'Abadage, Abanyatogo barimo abapasiteri Andreas Aku na Robert Baeta na bo bahashyinguwe.<ref name="Goethe" /> == Aho riherereye == Irimbi riherereye hafi y'inyanja i Lomé, ku muhanda wa Tokmake wahoze witwa ''Bremer Straße'' mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abadage. Rikikijwe n'urukuta kandi irembo rikuru rireba mu cyerekezo cy'inyanja.<ref name="Goethe" /> Irimbi riri mu bisigazwa by'amateka y'ubukoloni bw'Abadage muri Togo byashyizwe mu bikorwa byo kumenyekanisha umurage w'amateka na Goethe-Institut.<ref name="Goethe" /><ref name="BBC" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Togo]] [[Category:Amarimbi]] [[Category:Amateka ya Togo]] 9kwj54n654f859gm7go67d1o8vjmtpr 138781 138780 2026-09-17T12:40:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 138781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Lomé | label1 = Ubwoko | data1 = Irimbi | label2 = Ryashinzwe | data2 = 1893 | label3 = Igihugu | data3 = [[Togo]] | label4 = Intara | data4 = Région maritime | label5 = Umujyi | data5 = Lomé }} '''Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Lomé''' ni irimbi rya kera riri i Lomé muri [[Togo]]. Ni kimwe mu bisigazwa by'amateka y'ubukoloni bw'Abadage muri Togo. Ririmo imva z'abamisiyoneri, abacuruzi, abayobozi b'ubutegetsi bw'Abadage ndetse n'Abanyatogo. == Amateka == Irimbi ryashinzwe mu 1893. Imva ya kera cyane ihari ni iy'umuntu wapfuye mu 1889, umurambo we ukaza kwimurirwa muri iri rimbi nyuma.<ref name="Goethe">{{Cite web |url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/tg/fr/kul/sup/dsi/lom/20808959.html |title=Le cimetière allemand de Lomé |website=Goethe-Institut Togo |date=2014-11-04 |access-date=2026-09-17 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu 1902, guverineri w'Abadage August Köhler yategetse ko abakozi b'ubutegetsi bw'Abadage bapfiraga muri Togo bashyingurwa muri icyo gihugu aho koherezwa mu Budage. Köhler na we yapfuye nyuma y'amezi make maze ashyingurwa muri iri rimbi.<ref name="Goethe" /><ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cvg345v1xgeo |title=Ces 10 vestiges qui continuent de raconter l'histoire coloniale du Togo |website=BBC News Afrique |date=2026-03-24 |access-date=2026-09-17 |language=fr }}</ref> Irimbi ririmo imva zirenga mirongo ine zo mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abadage. Mu bantu bahashyinguwe harimo abamisiyoneri, abacuruzi n'abakozi b'ubutegetsi. Nyuma y'ubutegetsi bw'Abadage, Abanyatogo barimo abapasiteri Andreas Aku na Robert Baeta na bo bahashyinguwe.<ref name="Goethe" /> == Aho riherereye == Irimbi riherereye hafi y'inyanja i Lomé, ku muhanda wa Tokmake wahoze witwa ''Bremer Straße'' mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abadage. Rikikijwe n'urukuta kandi irembo rikuru rireba mu cyerekezo cy'inyanja.<ref name="Goethe" /> Irimbi riri mu bisigazwa by'amateka y'ubukoloni bw'Abadage muri Togo byashyizwe mu bikorwa byo kumenyekanisha umurage w'amateka na Goethe-Institut.<ref name="Goethe" /><ref name="BBC" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Togo]] tcnxbfxajzgd1a421wvxv0udqgat7ix 0 23103 138888 2026-09-17T14:16:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango | image = [[File:Cimetière des allemands au Togo a l’époque colonial.jpg|250px]] | caption = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Togo]] | label2 = Akarere | data2 = Savanes | label3 = Umujyi | data3 = Mango | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Irimbi n'ahantu ndangamateka | label5 = Imirongo ngenderwaho | data5 = 10.360239, 0.483800 }} '''Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango''' ni irimbi n'ahantu ndangamateka bihe..." 138888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango | image = [[File:Cimetière des allemands au Togo a l’époque colonial.jpg|250px]] | caption = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Togo]] | label2 = Akarere | data2 = Savanes | label3 = Umujyi | data3 = Mango | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Irimbi n'ahantu ndangamateka | label5 = Imirongo ngenderwaho | data5 = 10.360239, 0.483800 }} '''Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango''' ni irimbi n'ahantu ndangamateka biherereye i Mango, mu karere ka Savanes mu majyaruguru ya [[Togo]]. Harimo imva z'abasirikare batatu b'Abadage bapfuye mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Iri rimbi riri mu hantu ndangamateka hagize umurage ndangamuco wa Togo. == Amateka == Irimbi rifitanye isano n'igihe Togo yari ubukoloni bw'[[Ubudage]]. Abasirikare batatu b'Abadage, Wilhelm Bierwerth, Henrich Werner na Theodor Heitman, ni bo bahashyinguye. Bari bakorera i Sansaanné, ubu hitwa Mango, kandi bapfuye mu 1896 no mu 1899.<ref name="Weiss">{{Cite web |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/diplomatie/joseph-weiss-rend-hommage-aux-soldats-allemands |title=Joseph Weiss rend hommage aux soldats allemands |website=République Togolaise |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> Iri rimbi ryavuguruwe mu 1990.<ref name="Oti">{{Cite web |url=https://communeoti1.org/economie-locale/ |title=Economie locale |website=Commune Oti 1 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Kwibuka == Ku wa 18 Ugushyingo 2012, Joseph Weiss, wari ambasaderi w'Ubudage muri Togo, yasuye irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango kugira ngo yunamire abasirikare bahashyinguye. Yashyize indabo ku mva zabo ari kumwe n'abahagarariye ubuyobozi bwa Togo n'Ubudage ndetse n'abasirikare bakuru ba Togo.<ref name="Weiss" /> Uyu muhango wanagaragajwe nk'igikorwa cyo kwibuka no gushimangira amahoro n'ubwiyunge hagati ya Togo n'Ubudage.<ref name="Weiss" /> == Umurage ndangamuco == Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango ryashyizwe ku rutonde rw'ahantu ndangamateka n'umutungo ndangamuco wa Togo rwasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta mu 2017. Ruri kumwe n'ibindi bimenyetso by'igihe cy'Abadage i Mango, birimo iriba ry'Abadage, inyubako ya gasutamo, ikiraro cyo ku ruzi rwa Oti n'inyubako yahoze ari iposita y'Abadage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jo.gouv.tg/sites/default/files/JO/JOS_07_04_17-62e%20ANNEE%20N%C2%B012.pdf |title=Journal officiel de la République togolaise |website=Journal officiel de la République togolaise |format=PDF |date=2017 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> Komini ya Oti 1 na yo igaragaza iri rimbi nk'ahantu ndangamateka hashobora gusurwa i Mango.<ref name="Oti" /> == Reba kandi == * [[Togo]] * [[Ubudage]] == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} == Ahandi == {{Commons category|Cimetière allemand de Mango}} [[Category:Togo]] mesdp2uxc2ppfuics69ljbluikx5rln 138889 138888 2026-09-17T14:33:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 138889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango | image = [[File:Cimetière des allemands au Togo a l’époque colonial.jpg|250px]] | caption = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Togo]] | label2 = Akarere | data2 = Savanes | label3 = Umujyi | data3 = Mango | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Irimbi n'ahantu ndangamateka | label5 = Imirongo ngenderwaho | data5 = 10.360239, 0.483800 }} '''Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango''' ni irimbi n'ahantu ndangamateka biherereye i Mango, mu karere ka Savanes mu majyaruguru ya [[Togo]]. Harimo imva z'abasirikare batatu b'Abadage bapfuye mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Iri rimbi riri mu hantu ndangamateka hagize umurage ndangamuco wa Togo. == Amateka == Irimbi rifitanye isano n'igihe Togo yari ubukoloni bw'[[Ubudage]]. Abasirikare batatu b'Abadage, Wilhelm Bierwerth, Henrich Werner na Theodor Heitman, ni bo bahashyinguye. Bari bakorera i Sansaanné, ubu hitwa Mango, kandi bapfuye mu 1896 no mu 1899.<ref name="Weiss">{{Cite web |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/diplomatie/joseph-weiss-rend-hommage-aux-soldats-allemands |title=Joseph Weiss rend hommage aux soldats allemands |website=République Togolaise |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> Iri rimbi ryavuguruwe mu 1990.<ref name="Oti">{{Cite web |url=https://communeoti1.org/economie-locale/ |title=Economie locale |website=Commune Oti 1 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Kwibuka == Ku wa 18 Ugushyingo 2012, Joseph Weiss, wari ambasaderi w'Ubudage muri Togo, yasuye irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango kugira ngo yunamire abasirikare bahashyinguye. Yashyize indabo ku mva zabo ari kumwe n'abahagarariye ubuyobozi bwa Togo n'Ubudage ndetse n'abasirikare bakuru ba Togo.<ref name="Weiss" /> Uyu muhango wanagaragajwe nk'igikorwa cyo kwibuka no gushimangira amahoro n'ubwiyunge hagati ya Togo n'Ubudage.<ref name="Weiss" /> == Umurage ndangamuco == Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango ryashyizwe ku rutonde rw'ahantu ndangamateka n'umutungo ndangamuco wa Togo rwasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta mu 2017. Ruri kumwe n'ibindi bimenyetso by'igihe cy'Abadage i Mango, birimo iriba ry'Abadage, inyubako ya gasutamo, ikiraro cyo ku ruzi rwa Oti n'inyubako yahoze ari iposita y'Abadage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jo.gouv.tg/sites/default/files/JO/JOS_07_04_17-62e%20ANNEE%20N%C2%B012.pdf |title=Journal officiel de la République togolaise |website=Journal officiel de la République togolaise |format=PDF |date=2017 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> Komini ya Oti 1 na yo igaragaza iri rimbi nk'ahantu ndangamateka hashobora gusurwa i Mango.<ref name="Oti" /> == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} == Imigereka == === Reba kandi === * [[Togo]] * [[Ubudage]] === Ahandi === {{Commons category|Cimetière allemand de Mango}} [[Category:Togo]] rylxectfzsgizj2826hzorr4nzwz6ry 138890 138889 2026-09-17T14:35:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 138890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango | image = [[File:Cimetière des allemands au Togo a l’époque colonial.jpg|250px]] | caption = Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = {{#property:P17}} | label2 = Akarere | data2 = {{#property:P131}} | label3 = Ubwoko | data3 = {{#property:P31}} | label4 = Imirongo ngenderwaho | data4 = {{#property:P625}} }} '''Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango''' ni irimbi n'ahantu ndangamateka biherereye i Mango, mu karere ka Savanes mu majyaruguru ya [[Togo]]. Harimo imva z'abasirikare batatu b'Abadage bapfuye mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Iri rimbi riri mu hantu ndangamateka hagize umurage ndangamuco wa Togo. == Amateka == Irimbi rifitanye isano n'igihe Togo yari ubukoloni bw'[[Ubudage]]. Abasirikare batatu b'Abadage, Wilhelm Bierwerth, Henrich Werner na Theodor Heitman, ni bo bahashyinguye. Bari bakorera i Sansaanné, ubu hitwa Mango, kandi bapfuye mu 1896 no mu 1899.<ref name="Weiss">{{Cite web |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/diplomatie/joseph-weiss-rend-hommage-aux-soldats-allemands |title=Joseph Weiss rend hommage aux soldats allemands |website=République Togolaise |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> Iri rimbi ryavuguruwe mu 1990.<ref name="Oti">{{Cite web |url=https://communeoti1.org/economie-locale/ |title=Economie locale |website=Commune Oti 1 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> == Kwibuka == Ku wa 18 Ugushyingo 2012, Joseph Weiss, wari ambasaderi w'Ubudage muri Togo, yasuye irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango kugira ngo yunamire abasirikare bahashyinguye. Yashyize indabo ku mva zabo ari kumwe n'abahagarariye ubuyobozi bwa Togo n'Ubudage ndetse n'abasirikare bakuru ba Togo.<ref name="Weiss" /> Uyu muhango wanagaragajwe nk'igikorwa cyo kwibuka no gushimangira amahoro n'ubwiyunge hagati ya Togo n'Ubudage.<ref name="Weiss" /> == Umurage ndangamuco == Irimbi ry'Abadage rya Mango ryashyizwe ku rutonde rw'ahantu ndangamateka n'umutungo ndangamuco wa Togo rwasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta mu 2017. Ruri kumwe n'ibindi bimenyetso by'igihe cy'Abadage i Mango, birimo iriba ry'Abadage, inyubako ya gasutamo, ikiraro cyo ku ruzi rwa Oti n'inyubako yahoze ari iposita y'Abadage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jo.gouv.tg/sites/default/files/JO/JOS_07_04_17-62e%20ANNEE%20N%C2%B012.pdf |title=Journal officiel de la République togolaise |website=Journal officiel de la République togolaise |format=PDF |date=2017 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-15 }}</ref> Komini ya Oti 1 na yo igaragaza iri rimbi nk'ahantu ndangamateka hashobora gusurwa i Mango.<ref name="Oti" /> == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} == Imigereka == === Reba kandi === * [[Togo]] * [[Ubudage]] === Ahandi === {{Commons category|Cimetière allemand de Mango}} [[Category:Togo]] 6zld0r2sfz2xrx07p6krmpglyd63j8q 2 23104 138917 2026-09-17T23:32:50Z Fisca Jean Paul HABIMANA 18942 Fisca Jean paul ni rwiyemezamirimo 138917 wikitext text/x-wiki # Fisca Jean Paul Habimana **Fisca Jean Paul Habimana**, uzwi kandi nka **Fisca Jean Paul**, ni Umunyarwanda ukora mu bijyanye na **sinema, filmmaking, creative industries, cultural development na project management**. Ni **film producer, creative artist, cultural activist n’umuyobozi w’imishinga**, akaba ari na we washinze **Itara Films**, ikigo cyibanda ku gukora filime, storytelling, advertising, photography, digital content n’ibindi bikorwa by’inganda ndangamuco. ## Ubuzima n’akazi Fisca Jean Paul yatangiye kwinjira mu mwuga wa filmmaking n’ibikorwa bya creative industries akiri muto. Yagiye akora mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo **film production, directing, cinematography, photography, editing, advertising na project management**, aho yagiye ahuza ubuhanzi n’imishinga igamije kugira uruhare mu iterambere rya sosiyete. Mu mwaka wa **2016**, Fisca Jean Paul yashinze **Itara Films**, ikigo cy’ubuhanzi n’itangazamakuru gikorera mu Rwanda. Binyuze muri Itara Films, yagize uruhare mu gukora no gucunga imishinga ya filime, documentaries, advertising campaigns, events n’imishinga y’umuco. ## Umuco n’iterambere ry’urubyiruko Fisca Jean Paul azwi kandi ku bikorwa bye byo guteza imbere **umuco nyarwanda, amateka, ururimi n’ubumenyi bw’urubyiruko**. Ni umwe mu batangije ibikorwa bya **Rwanda Iwacu Cultural Festival**, igamije guhuza abantu, cyane cyane urubyiruko, n’umuco nyarwanda binyuze muri muzika, imbyino, folklore, ubukorikori, imyambaro, ibitabo, ururimi n’ibindi bikorwa by’umuco. Yagize kandi uruhare mu mishinga itandukanye ijyanye no guteza imbere impano z’urubyiruko mu bijyanye na **film production, photography, editing, storytelling n’ikoranabuhanga**. ## Imishinga igamije gukemura ibibazo bya sosiyete Kimwe mu biranga ibikorwa bya Fisca Jean Paul ni ugukoresha **creative thinking, storytelling n’ikoranabuhanga mu gutangiza imishinga ishaka kuzana impinduka muri sosiyete**. Ateza imbere imishinga itandukanye igamije **gutanga ibisubizo bishya ku bibazo biri mu muryango nyarwanda**, aho ubuhanzi atabufata gusa nk’uburyo bwo kwidagadura, ahubwo abubona nk’igikoresho cyo kwigisha, guhuza abantu, kubungabunga amateka, guteza imbere urubyiruko no gushaka ibisubizo ku bibazo byugarije sosiyete. Mu mishinga ye harimo ibikorwa byibanda ku **umuco n’irangamuntu, urubyiruko, abantu bafite ubumuga, kubungabunga amateka n’ubuhamya bw’abaturage, ndetse no gukoresha Artificial Intelligence mu kubika no kugeza ku bantu ubumenyi n’amateka**. Filozofiya y’ibikorwa bye ishingiye ku gitekerezo cy’uko **stories can change the world** — ko inkuru nziza ishobora guhindura imyumvire, kubaka ubumwe, kubika amateka no gutera abantu gukora impinduka nziza. ## Umurage n’icyerekezo Fisca Jean Paul akomeza guhuza **sinema, umuco, ikoranabuhanga n’imishinga y’iterambere** mu rwego rwo kubaka ibisubizo bishya bijyanye n’ibibazo biri muri sosiyete. Intego ye ni ugukoresha ubuhanga n’impano mu gukora imishinga **ifite icyo itandukanya n’isanzweho, ifite impact kandi ishobora gutanga ibisubizo bifatika ku bantu no ku muryango mugari**. Mu buryo bwagutse, ibikorwa bye bigaragaza icyerekezo cyo guteza imbere **Rwanda creative economy**, kubaka amahirwe ku rubyiruko no gukoresha storytelling n’ikoranabuhanga mu guhindura ibibazo byugarije sosiyete mo amahirwe yo guhanga ibisubizo bishya. pz4lihh04p2cls0cozt7v9jchonmltt 138918 138917 2026-09-17T23:38:44Z Fisca Jean Paul HABIMANA 18942 Fisca Jean Paul Habimana 138918 wikitext text/x-wiki # Fisca Jean Paul Habimana **Fisca Jean Paul Habimana, uzwi kandi nka Fisca Jean Paul, ni Umunyarwanda ukora mu bijyanye na sinema, filmmaking, creative industries, cultural development na project management. Ni film producer, creative artist, cultural activist n’umuyobozi w’imishinga, akaba ari na we washinze Itara Films, ikigo cyibanda ku gukora filime, storytelling, advertising, photography, digital content n’ibindi bikorwa by’inganda ndangamuco. ## Ubuzima n’akazi Fisca Jean Paul yatangiye kwinjira mu mwuga wa filmmaking n’ibikorwa bya creative industries akiri muto. Yagiye akora mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo film production, directing, cinematography, photography, editing, advertising na project management, aho yagiye ahuza ubuhanzi n’imishinga igamije kugira uruhare mu iterambere rya sosiyete. Mu mwaka wa 2016, Fisca Jean Paul yashinze Itara Films, ikigo cy’ubuhanzi n’itangazamakuru gikorera mu Rwanda. Binyuze muri Itara Films, yagize uruhare mu gukora no gucunga imishinga ya filime, documentaries, advertising campaigns, events n’imishinga y’umuco. ## Umuco n’iterambere ry’urubyiruko Fisca Jean Paul azwi kandi ku bikorwa bye byo guteza imbere umuco nyarwanda, amateka, ururimi n’ubumenyi bw’urubyiruko. Ni umwe mu batangije ibikorwa bya Rwanda Iwacu Cultural Festival, igamije guhuza abantu, cyane cyane urubyiruko, n’umuco nyarwanda binyuze muri muzika, imbyino, folklore, ubukorikori, imyambaro, ibitabo, ururimi n’ibindi bikorwa by’umuco. Yagize kandi uruhare mu mishinga itandukanye ijyanye no guteza imbere impano z’urubyiruko mu bijyanye na film production, photography, editing, storytelling n’ikoranabuhanga ## Imishinga igamije gukemura ibibazo bya sosiyete Kimwe mu biranga ibikorwa bya Fisca Jean Paul ni ugukoresha creative thinking, storytelling n’ikoranabuhanga mu gutangiza imishinga ishaka kuzana impinduka muri sosiyete. Ateza imbere imishinga itandukanye igamije gutanga ibisubizo bishya ku bibazo biri mu muryango nyarwanda, aho ubuhanzi atabufata gusa nk’uburyo bwo kwidagadura, ahubwo abubona nk’igikoresho cyo kwigisha, guhuza abantu, kubungabunga amateka, guteza imbere urubyiruko no gushaka ibisubizo ku bibazo byugarije sosiyete. Mu mishinga ye harimo ibikorwa byibanda ku umuco n’irangamuntu, urubyiruko, abantu bafite ubumuga, kubungabunga amateka n’ubuhamya bw’abaturage, ndetse no gukoresha Artificial Intelligence mu kubika no kugeza ku bantu ubumenyi n’amateka. Filozofiya y’ibikorwa bye ishingiye ku gitekerezo cy’uko stories can change the world ko inkuru nziza ishobora guhindura imyumvire, kubaka ubumwe, kubika amateka no gutera abantu gukora impinduka nziza. ## Umurage n’icyerekezo Fisca Jean Paul akomeza guhuza sinema, umuco, ikoranabuhanga n’imishinga y’iterambere mu rwego rwo kubaka ibisubizo bishya bijyanye n’ibibazo biri muri sosiyete. Intego ye ni ugukoresha ubuhanga n’impano mu gukora imishinga ifite icyo itandukanya n’isanzweho, ifite impact kandi ishobora gutanga ibisubizo bifatika ku bantu no ku muryango mugari Mu buryo bwagutse, ibikorwa bye bigaragaza icyerekezo cyo guteza imbere Rwanda creative economy, kubaka amahirwe ku rubyiruko no gukoresha storytelling n’ikoranabuhanga mu guhindura ibibazo byugarije sosiyete mo amahirwe yo guhanga ibisubizo bishya. amzbpug7oerzm072xvox7i9i8jf0wb1 3 23105 138920 2026-09-18T02:46:33Z Max 13191 Max moved page [[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:SHB2000]] to [[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:SHB]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/SHB2000|SHB2000]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/SHB|SHB]]" 138920 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:SHB]] 1vira3a5niwzlwitioxr5fcjpmcia5d